FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Zaghloul, AI Anthony, TK Coburn, WO AF Zaghloul, Amir I. Anthony, Theodore K. Coburn, William O'Keefe GP IEEE TI A Study on Conical Spiral Antennas for UHF SATCOM Terminals SO 2012 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation CY JUL 08-14, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP Inst Electr Electron Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propaga Soc AB A spiral antenna can be designed to cover the octave bandwidth of 200-400 MHz required for the UHF SATCOM system. To make it easily stowed and deployed on demand, the spiral can be printed on a collapsible conical surface similar to a center-fed-reflector deploying mechanism. This paper studies two different configurations for the conical spiral antenna with different subtended conical angles. The first configuration assumes constant radius for the projected circular aperture with different conical angles, requiring different conical length or height. The second configuration assumes same conical length for different conical angles, resulting in different projected circular apertures. The study provides a trade-off between antenna gain, back lobe level, axial ratio, and stowed size. C1 [Zaghloul, Amir I.; Anthony, Theodore K.; Coburn, William O'Keefe] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zaghloul, AI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM amirz@vt.edu; theodore.k.anthony.civ@mail.mil; william.o.coburn.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-0462-7 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDB29 UT WOS:000312442301407 ER PT S AU Osgood, RM Stenhouse, PD Quigley, CE Hoey, ML Carlson, JB Lopez, K Kooi, S Armstrong, L Haines, C Kapoor, D Cotlet, M AF Osgood, R. M., III Stenhouse, P. D. Quigley, C. E. Hoey, M. L. Carlson, J. B. Lopez, K. Kooi, S. Armstrong, L. Haines, C. Kapoor, D. Cotlet, M. BE Stockman, MI TI Large-area Ag nanoparticle arrays for plasmonically enhanced Raman scattering SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties X CY AUG 12-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Plasmonic resonances; nanoparticles; Raman spectroscopy; Raman scattering; Raman cross-section; field enhancement; chemical sensing; explosives sensing; NIR/visible spectrum; optical properties ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; 2-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS AB Conducting nanoparticles with plasmon resonances create local, nanoscopic field enhancements that boost an analyte molecule's surface-averaged Raman scattering cross-section orders of magnitude above the bulk Raman cross-section by an amount known as the enhancement factor (EF). Demonstrations of single-molecule sensitivity with EF similar to 10(13) have been reported from small "hot spots" (e. g., regions of enhanced electromagnetic near fields) on specialized substrates, but realistic chemical sensing requires high average EF over large substrates for practical sampling. 1 By using simple wet chemical methods, NSRDEC scientists have fabricated large-area arrays of novel, highly conducting, anisotropic Ag and Al nanoparticles. The nanoparticles adhere to an ultrathin layer of poly-4(vinyl pyridine), and are anchored by sub-micron coating of poly-methyl methacrylate on glass and SiO2-coated Si substrates. The average interparticle spacing is determined by the dilution of the nanoparticle-water suspension. We present surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), spectrophotometry, and microscopy data from these nanoparticle arrays, model this data and the nanoscopic field enhancement, and determine the SERS EF. We compare the observed absorption resonances and SERS EF with those predicted by finite difference time domain modeling of the nanoscale fields and optical properties, and find good agreement between measured and calculated reflectivity, achieving EF similar to 10(6) for benzenethiol adsorbed onto a monolayer array of 120 nm Ag nanoparticles over an area of similar to 0.5 cm(2). We discuss a way forward to increase SERS EF to 10(7) with large-area samples assembled using chemical methods, by using spiky Ag "nano-urchins" with very large predicted field enhancements. C1 [Osgood, R. M., III; Stenhouse, P. D.; Quigley, C. E.; Hoey, M. L.; Carlson, J. B.; Lopez, K.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Kooi, S.] MIT, Inst Soldier Nanotechnol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Armstrong, L.; Haines, C.; Kapoor, D.] US Army, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07885 USA. [Cotlet, M.] Ctr Funct Nanomaterials, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11949 USA. RP Osgood, RM (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9174-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8457 AR 845738 DI 10.1117/12.930006 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BDH14 UT WOS:000313216000039 ER PT S AU Bedair, SS Pulskamp, JS Polcawich, RG Judy, D Gillon, A Bhave, S Morgan, B AF Bedair, S. S. Pulskamp, J. S. Polcawich, R. G. Judy, D. Gillon, A. Bhave, S. Morgan, B. GP IEEE TI LOW LOSS MICROMACHINED LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE, CONTOUR MODE RESONATOR WITH 50 Omega TERMINATION SO 2012 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Reg Nord-Pas Calais AB This paper reports lead zirconate titatanate (PZT)-on-the silicon electromechanical resonators with excellent, 50 Omega terminated, performances for RF applications. A low 2.14 dB insertion loss is demonstratted for a length extensional, PZT-on-2-mu m-silicon 15 MHz resonator. A 22 dB return loss and maximum unloadded quality factor, Q(UL,max), of similar to 540 in air resulted for this resonator. Similar performances with a Q(UL,max) of 2850 are also demonstrated with a PZT fabricated on 10-mu m-silicon device. The competing effects of decreased motional resistance and increased transducer capacitances with increased transduction area are addressed through analytical models and experimental results. Additionally, a third order length extensional mode piezoelectric resonator with asymmetric input and output electrodes were also designed to assess its potential l performance as a piezoelectric resonant transformer; a 2.1x voltage boost is demonstrated for a 14.7 MHz extensional mode resonator. C1 [Bedair, S. S.; Pulskamp, J. S.; Polcawich, R. G.; Judy, D.; Gillon, A.; Morgan, B.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bhave, S.] Cornell Univ, OxideMEMS Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bedair, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM sarah.s.bedair.civ@mail.mil RI Bedair, Sarah/D-9130-2013 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4673-0325-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDE04 UT WOS:000312912800178 ER PT S AU Currano, LJ Becker, CR Smith, GL Isaacson, B Morris, CJ AF Currano, L. J. Becker, C. R. Smith, G. L. Isaacson, B. Morris, C. J. GP IEEE TI 3-AXIS ACCELERATION SWITCH FOR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY EARLY WARNING SO 2012 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Reg Nord-Pas Calais ID THRESHOLD ACCELEROMETERS; ARRAY AB This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and testing of a 3-axis acceleration switch intended to serve as an early warning for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mild TBI (colloquially termed "concussion") resulting from rapid acceleration of the skull has been rising in the public consciousness with recently increasing awareness of the dangers and long-term health risks associated with it. The sensor described here is an array of acceleration switches designed to cover the range of acceleration associated with TBI, and to do so with no external power draw until an acceleration event within this range occurs. C1 [Currano, L. J.; Becker, C. R.; Smith, G. L.; Morris, C. J.] USA, Res Lab, Mailstop RDRL SER L,2800 Powder Mill RD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Isaacson, B.] Gen Techn Serv, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Currano, LJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Mailstop RDRL SER L,2800 Powder Mill RD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM luke.j.currano.civ@mail.mil FU U.S. Army PM Solider Protection and Individual Equipment FX The authors would like to acknowledge partial funding support for this work from U.S. Army PM Solider Protection and Individual Equipment, and Ms. Chris Perritt for her guidance and support toward the eventual TBI monitoring application. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4673-0325-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDE04 UT WOS:000312912800122 ER PT S AU Hanrahan, B Feldman, J Misra, S Waits, CM Mitcheson, PD Ghodssi, R AF Hanrahan, B. Feldman, J. Misra, S. Waits, C. M. Mitcheson, P. D. Ghodssi, R. GP IEEE TI OFF-THE-SHELF MEMS FOR ROTARY MEMS SO 2012 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Reg Nord-Pas Calais AB This work demonstrates the utilization of an Off-The-Shelf (OTS) MEMS accelerometer to accurately and repeatedly determine the onset of instability and perform in situ diagnostics of a high-performance rotary MEMS device. The accelerometer is shown to provide high sensitivity, wide bandwidth vibration measurements when bonded to the stator of a MEMS device. Vibration sensing is augmented with optical displacement sensors to create a multi-modal sensor platform. The sensor suite has been used to characterize the rotor instability for rotor speeds from 10-20 krpm, diagnose imbalance acceleration with sensitivity down to 0.001 g, determine rotor wobble of with an accuracy of < 500 nm, and monitor system resonances through the speed range of 5-20 krpm. The data provided by the on-chip accelerometer can be used in feedback systems to optimize device performance and increase operational lifetimes. C1 [Hanrahan, B.; Feldman, J.; Misra, S.; Ghodssi, R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hanrahan, B.; Waits, C. M.; Mitcheson, P. D.] US Army Res lAB, Adelphi, MD USA. [Mitcheson, P. D.] Imperial Coll Sch, London, England. RP Ghodssi, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ghodssi@umd.edu FU US National Science Foundation [0901411]; Maryland Nanocenter; US Army Research Laboratory Cleanroom FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation under Award no. 0901411. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Maryland Nanocenter and US Army Research Laboratory Cleanroom staff. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4673-0325-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDE04 UT WOS:000312912800146 ER PT S AU Kim, S Zhang, X Daugherty, R Lee, E Kunnen, G Allee, DR Forsythe, E Chae, J AF Kim, Sangpyeong Zhang, Xu Daugherty, Robin Lee, Ed Kunnen, George Allee, David R. Forsythe, Eric Chae, Junseok GP IEEE TI ULTRASONIC ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATORS ON A FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATE SO 2012 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Reg Nord-Pas Calais ID ABSORPTION; SOUND AB We present a MEMS-based electrostatic actuator on a flexible substrate, made of Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN), which emits acoustic waves at ultrasonic frequencies, aiming for an ultrasound microdevice for equipment inspection. The actuator has a suspended diaphragm, made of parylene, of 2-6 mm diameter and a 6 mu m gap between the diaphragm and substrate. A single actuator emits ultrasonic waves at 25 kHz, and pressure of 27 dB SPL (sound pressure level) and a 1 x 2 array emits up to 34.6 dB SPL at 1 cm distance. C1 [Kim, Sangpyeong; Zhang, Xu; Daugherty, Robin; Lee, Ed; Kunnen, George; Allee, David R.; Chae, Junseok] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Forsythe, Eric] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM skim85@asu.edu FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NG-04-20005] FX The authors thank to staff in CSSER (Center for Solid- State Electronics Research) at Arizona State University. This work was supported by Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement W911NG-04-20005. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4673-0325-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDE04 UT WOS:000312912800300 ER PT S AU Morris, CJ Laflin, KE Churaman, WA Becker, CR Currano, LJ Gracias, DH AF Morris, Christopher J. Laflin, Kate E. Churaman, Wayne A. Becker, Collin R. Currano, Luke J. Gracias, David H. GP IEEE TI INITIATION OF NANOPOROUS ENERGETIC SILICON BY OPTICALLY-TRIGGERED, RESIDUAL STRESS POWERED MICROACTUATORS SO 2012 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Reg Nord-Pas Calais AB The integration of energetic materials with chip-scale MEMS fabrication processes, and in particular the development of nanoporous energetic silicon (NES), is a promising path to provide significant quantities of energy for certain microscale applications. Here we demonstrate the low-power wireless initiation of an on-chip energetic reaction, by absorbing optical energy, transmitting mechanical energy, and releasing a large amount of chemical energy, without the use of any external wires or batteries. A novel actuator powered by residual thin film stress absorbed 25 W/cm(2) of optical power from a 532 nm visible laser, heated, and released up to 22 nJ of mechanical energy. The mechanical energy was sufficient to initiate 6.7 mg of NES and release up to 66 J of chemical energy. C1 [Morris, Christopher J.; Churaman, Wayne A.; Becker, Collin R.; Currano, Luke J.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Laflin, Kate E.; Gracias, David H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Morris, CJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM christopher.j.morris58.civ@mail.mil RI Gracias, David/A-1942-2010 OI Gracias, David/0000-0003-2735-4725 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4673-0325-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDE04 UT WOS:000312912800313 ER PT S AU Proie, RM Pulskamp, JS Polcawich, RG Ivanov, T AF Proie, Robert M., Jr. Pulskamp, Jeffrey S. Polcawich, Ronald G. Ivanov, Tony GP IEEE TI PIEZOELECTRIC MICRO-SCALE MECHANICAL COMPUTING SYSTEM SO 2012 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Reg Nord-Pas Calais ID SWITCH AB Near-zero leakage current, nearly ideal on to off-state current ratios, sharp voltage to current relationship slopes and potential for intrinsic immunity to radiation have made MEMS-based mechanical logic an attractive area of research. This work builds upon an ongoing research effort, which aims to develop a lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based, mechanical logic architecture, in order to demonstrate a fully capable digital MEMS system. The work presented here demonstrates an integration of combinational and sequential mechanical logic elements to provide a 1-bit counter without the aid of semiconductor technologies. The system demonstrates both proper functionality and data retention over multiple cycles. C1 [Proie, Robert M., Jr.; Pulskamp, Jeffrey S.; Polcawich, Ronald G.; Ivanov, Tony] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Proie, RM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4673-0325-5 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BDE04 UT WOS:000312912800148 ER PT S AU Skowronska-Kurec, AG Eick, ST Kallio, ET AF Skowronska-Kurec, Annette G. Eick, Steven T. Kallio, Erik T. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of Microgrid Technology at a Military Installation SO 2012 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 22-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Electric Vehicles; Emergency Power Supplies; Energy Conversion; Military Equipment; Power Systems; Smart Grids AB TARDEC has researched, developed and demonstrated Intelligent Microgrid technology at two locations within Schofield Barracks in Hawaii: Wheeler Army Airfield and East Range. These Systems incorporate renewable energy, grid power, bidirectional vehicles and energy storage, and uses the available power to support building loads at the installations. The demonstration confirmed the capability of a system to automatically congregate and control multiple sources and loads. Using high reliability equipment can be beneficial for reducing Microgrid down time. Flexibility is needed for Microgrid designs to meet specific needs for the users at the site they are being installed, including addressing incorporation of vehicles capable of bi-directional charging. The demonstrated microgrid system increases power reliability to critical loads, increases duration of power availability during extended utility outages, and improves overall energy efficiency. The technology is applicable to both fixed installations and temporary operating bases. C1 [Skowronska-Kurec, Annette G.; Eick, Steven T.; Kallio, Erik T.] USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Skowronska-Kurec, AG (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4673-2729-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDB70 UT WOS:000312493702088 ER PT S AU St Leger, A James, J Frederick, D AF St Leger, Aaron James, John Frederick, Dean GP IEEE TI Smart Grid Modeling Approach for Wide Area Control Applications SO 2012 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 22-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Smart Grid; Communication Network Modeling; Power System Modeling; Wide Area Measurement and Control AB This paper describes an approach for modeling smart grids for wide area control applications. More specifically, it is proposed to model smart grids as a set of interdependent composite networks. A composite network is one whose evolution in time and/or space is described as a composition of more than one category of networks. This work proposes an interconnection of a communication network, information network, and a power system network to model smart grids. More specifically this work proposes a quantitative model focusing on bulk generation and transmission. The resulting model will be used for studying and simulating wide area measurement and control techniques and contingencies of components. The modeling methodology is based on the initial partitioning by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the smart grid domains. A basic example with control of load (demand response) and generator set points over a communication link is presented. C1 [St Leger, Aaron; James, John] US Mil Acad, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP St Leger, A (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM aaron.stleger@usma.edu; john.james@usma.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4673-2729-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDB70 UT WOS:000312493706024 ER PT S AU Janvikul, W Ngamviriyavong, P Uppanun, P Tanjak, P Sangjun, N AF Janvikul, W. Ngamviriyavong, P. Uppanun, P. Tanjak, P. Sangjun, N. BE Tunkasiri, T TI Antibacterial Wound Healing Gels from Oligochitosan Salts SO BIOMATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chiang Mai International Conference on Biomaterials & Applications (CMICBA 2011) CY AUG 09-10, 2011 CL Chiang Mai, THAILAND DE Antibacterial Gels; Wound Healing; Oligochitosan Salts ID FIBROBLASTS AB Oligochitosan salt-based antibacterial wound gels were developed and evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo models. The antibacterial activities of the oligochitosan salts and the wound gels were investigated against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP625 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oligochitosan salts were found in the range of 16-256 mu g/mL. The wound gels demonstrated their in vitro activities on inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The 3-D collagen gel matrix containing human dermal fibroblasts cultured with each test gel was used as an in vitro model for the examination of cell proliferation and secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). The gels appeared to promote the proliferation and formation of cellular process of the fibroblasts in the 3-D collagen gels and stimulate the fibroblasts to produce more IL-8. In the in vivo model, it was noted that the gels could accelerate the wound closure process. The wounds were completely closed within 14 days. C1 [Janvikul, W.; Ngamviriyavong, P.; Uppanun, P.; Tanjak, P.] Natl Met & Mat Technol Ctr MTEC, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Sangjun, N.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Janvikul, W (reprint author), Natl Met & Mat Technol Ctr MTEC, Pathum Thani, Thailand. EM wanidaj@mtec.or.th; patcharn@mtec.or.th; paweenu@mtec.or.th; pariydt@mtec.or.th; noppadon625@yahoo.com FU National Metal and Materials Technology Center FX This research was financially supported by National Metal and Materials Technology Center. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03785-406-8 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2012 VL 506 BP 31 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.506.31 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA BDB42 UT WOS:000312463400008 ER PT S AU Williams, EH Davydov, AV Oleshko, VP Lin, NJ Steffens, KL Manocchi, AK Krylyuk, S Rao, MV Schreifels, JA AF Williams, Elissa H. Davydov, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Lin, Nancy J. Steffens, Kristen L. Manocchi, Amy K. Krylyuk, Sergiy Rao, Mulpuri V. Schreifels, John A. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS TI Biofunctionalization of Si nanowires using a solution based technique SO NANOEPITAXY: MATERIALS AND DEVICES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Materials and Devices IV CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Silicon; nanowires; functionalization; protein; biosensor ID LABEL-FREE; IMMOBILIZATION; STREPTAVIDIN; MONOLAYERS; SURFACE; GROWTH; OXIDE AB Here we present a solution based functionalization technique for streptavidin (SA) protein conjugation to silicon nanowires (Si NWs). Si NWs, with a diameter of 110 nm to 130 nm and a length of 5 mu m to 10 mu m, were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by biotin for the selective attachment of SA. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the Si NWs were conformally coated with 20 nm to 30 nm thick APTES, biotin, and SA layers upon functionalization. Successful attachment of each bio/organic layer was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy also demonstrated that there was an undesirable non-specific binding of the SA protein as well as a control protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), to the APTES-coated Si NWs. However, inhibition of BSA binding and enhancement of SA binding were achieved following the biotinylation step. The biofunctionalized Si NWs show potential as label-free biosensing platforms for the specific and selective detection of biomolecules. C1 [Williams, Elissa H.; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Lin, Nancy J.; Steffens, Kristen L.; Krylyuk, Sergiy] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Schreifels, John A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Manocchi, Amy K.] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy] Univ Maryland, EIREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Williams, EH (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ehwill@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS- 0901712]; NIST [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814]; U. S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX The authors are appreciative of the helpful discussions with Dr. Marlon L. Walker ( Material Measurement Laboratory, NIST) and Dr. Rebecca A. Zangmeister ( Material Measurement Laboratory, NIST) as well as the assistance of Dr. Anthony G. Birdwell ( Sensors and Electronic Devices Directorate, Army Research Laboratory). EHW, MVR, and JAS gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation ( Grant # ECCS- 0901712). VPO gratefully acknowledges the financial support from NIST under contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814. AKM was supported by a contractual appointment to the U. S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9184-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8467 AR 846702 DI 10.1117/12.970460 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000312962700001 ER PT S AU Robinson, PD Kassu, A Sharma, A Kukhtareva, T Ruffin, P Brantley, C Edwards, E AF Robinson, P. D. Kassu, A. Sharma, A. Kukhtareva, T. Ruffin, P. Brantley, C. Edwards, E. BE Mackay, TG Jen, YJ MartinPalma, RJ TI Gold-coated nanoporous substrates for SERS studies SO NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructured Thin Films V CY AUG 14-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Air Live DE SERS; Klarite; sputtering technique; nanoporous membrane ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION AB The Raman signal of inelastically scattered photons represents the fingerprint of a chemical molecule. Therefore, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be employed as the selective mechanism for an extraordinary optics sensor sensitive enough to detect a single molecule. Such sensitivity makes SERS ideal to detect chemicals at parts per billion to parts per trillion concentrations. SERS studies benefit from a signal enhancing substrate that is both reproducible and cost effective. Commercial substrates produced by electron beam lithography cost approximately $100 a piece to manufacture and can only be used once. The purpose of this study is to design a SERS substrate that offers enhancement equivalent to the commercial standard and is cheaper to produce. Experiments confirm that gold (Au) coated nano-pores can be used as an optimal SERS substrate offering a promising enhancement with durability that rival commercial products. C1 [Robinson, P. D.; Sharma, A.; Kukhtareva, T.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Math, 4900 Meridian St, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Kassu, A.] Alabama A& M Univ, Dept Engn Construct Management & Ind Technol, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Ruffin, P.; Brantley, C.; Edwards, E.] US Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, Huntsville, AL 35898 USA. RP Robinson, PD (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Math, 4900 Meridian St, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM robinsonpaul82@yahoo.com FU U. S. Army RDECOM; NSF- RISE; NSF- EPSCoR; NASA [NNX10AJ] FX This research was supported by U. S. Army RDECOM, Huntsville, AL 35898, NSF- RISE, Alabama NSF- EPSCoR and NASA Training Grant NNX10AJ. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9182-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8465 AR 84650P DI 10.1117/12.928788 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BDE67 UT WOS:000312960700009 ER PT S AU Crenshaw, ME AF Crenshaw, Michael E. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Electromagnetic momentum in a dielectric and the energy-momentum tensor SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation IX CY AUG 12-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID MEDIA AB The Abraham-Minkowski momentum controversy is the outwardly visible symptom of an inconsistency in the use of the energy-momentum tensor in the case of a plane quasimonochromatic field in a simple linear dielectric. We show that the Gordon form of the electromagnetic momentum is conserved in a thermodynamically closed system. We regard conservation of the components of the four-momentum in a thermodynamically closed system as a fundamental property of the energy-momentum tensor. Then the first row and column of the energy-momentum tensor is populated by the electromagnetic energy density and the Gordon momentum density. We derive new electromagnetic continuity equations for the electromagnetic energy and momentum that are based on the Gordon momentum density. These continuity equations can be represented in the energy-momentum tensor using a material four-divergence operator in which temporal differentiation is performed with respect to ct/n. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Crenshaw, ME (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9175-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8458 AR 845804 DI 10.1117/12.946255 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDF64 UT WOS:000313034500002 ER PT S AU Karmakar, S Meyers, R Shih, Y AF Karmakar, Sanjit Meyers, Ronald Shih, Yanhua BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Ghost Imaging Experiment With Sunlight Compared to Laboratory Experiment With Thermal Light SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging X CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB A recent article reports on the demonstration of ghost imaging using sunlight which also presents theory for ghost imaging in the atmosphere based on two photon interference. 1 The current paper reviews the experiment from a different context than that presented by Karmakar, Meyers and Shih (KMS). 1 Here we examine data from the KMS sunlight ghost imaging experiment and compare it to ghost imaging produced by true thermal light. C1 [Karmakar, Sanjit; Shih, Yanhua] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Karmakar, Sanjit; Meyers, Ronald] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Karmakar, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM sanjitk1@umbc.edu; ronald.e.meyers6.civ@mail.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9235-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8518 AR 851805 DI 10.1117/12.929157 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDD78 UT WOS:000312871000003 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Lee, P Deacon, KS Tunick, A Quraishi, Q Stack, D AF Meyers, Ronald E. Lee, Patricia Deacon, Keith S. Tunick, Arnold Quraishi, Qudsia Stack, Daniel BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI A Quantum Network with Atoms and Photons (QNET-AP) SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging X CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID COMMUNICATION; ENTANGLEMENT; ENSEMBLES; DISTANCE; MEMORY; MATTER; STATE AB Enabling secure communication, unparalleled computing capabilities, and fundamental nonlocality physics exploration, the development of quantum repeaters is the key quantum information processing technology advance needed for implementing real world quantum networks beyond the laboratory environment. Currently, components exist for intra-laboratory quantum networks but no system exists for connecting distant (1 km) quantum memories in the real world. We present a physics analysis of quantum repeater network designs for intracity optical ber connections between nodes based on atomic memories and linear optics. Long distances will necessitate the use of (1) two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel style interference between atomic ensembles for entanglement swapping, and (2) photonic qubit wavelength conversion between atomic emissions and photons at telecommunication wavelengths in ber. We report on our experimental progress towards implementing A Quantum Network with Atoms and Photons (QNET-AP), a quantum repeater network test-bed, between the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland (UMD). C1 [Meyers, Ronald E.; Lee, Patricia; Deacon, Keith S.; Tunick, Arnold; Quraishi, Qudsia; Stack, Daniel] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ronald.e.meyers6.civ@mail.mil RI Lee, Patricia/B-6146-2012 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9235-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8518 AR 85180G DI 10.1117/12.974144 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDD78 UT WOS:000312871000011 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS Tunick, A Shih, Y AF Meyers, Ronald E. Deacon, Keith S. Tunick, Arnold Shih, Yanhua BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Virtual Ghost Imaging with Bessel Beam Illumination SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging X CY AUG 15-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID DIFFRACTION; LIGHT AB We present results from experiments performed at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) demonstrating a single sensor virtual ghost imaging (VGI) configuration using Bessel beams. These experiments were performed in conditions of partially obscuring media or turbulent media to generate images of remote objects. Randomly translated Bessel beams provided improved illumination capabilities for resolving small distant targets in difficult imaging environments. When the object was illuminated through obscuring or turbulent media or a small offset aperture VGI recovered the image of the object when using a relatively coarse Bessel beam. Our experimental results show that VGI using Bessel beams can have advantages over Gaussian beams for imaging remote objects in adverse conditions. C1 [Meyers, Ronald E.; Deacon, Keith S.; Tunick, Arnold] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Shih, Yanhua] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM ronald.e.meyers6.civ@mail.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9235-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8518 AR 851806 DI 10.1117/12.974162 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BDD78 UT WOS:000312871000004 ER PT J AU Carr, W Eonta, S Tate, C Kamimori, G AF Carr, W. Eonta, S. Tate, C. Kamimori, G. TI EFFECTS OF EXTENDED WAKEFULNESS OBSERVED DURING SPECIALIZED MILITARY TRAINING SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Carr, W.; Eonta, S.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Tate, C.] New Zealand Def Force, Auckland, New Zealand. [Kamimori, G.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 0213 BP A77 EP A77 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996500215 ER PT J AU Enquobahrie, DA Qiu, C Tadesse, M Reddy, C Muhie, S Williams, MA AF Enquobahrie, D. A. Qiu, C. Tadesse, M. Reddy, C. Muhie, S. Williams, M. A. TI MATERNAL HABITUAL SHORT SLEEP DURATION ALTERS PLACENTAL GENE EXPRESSION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Enquobahrie, D. A.; Qiu, C.; Williams, M. A.] Swedish Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Enquobahrie, D. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tadesse, M.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Reddy, C.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Muhie, S.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Williams, M. A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 0035 BP A15 EP A16 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996500037 ER PT J AU Killgore, WD Kamimori, G Balkin, T AF Killgore, W. D. Kamimori, G. Balkin, T. TI CAFFEINE IMPROVES THE EFFICIENCY OF PLANNING AND SEQUENCING ABILITIES DURING SLEEP DEPRIVATION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Killgore, W. D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Killgore, W. D.] McLean Hosp, Social Cognit & Affect Neurosci Lab, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. [Kamimori, G.; Balkin, T.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 0324 BP A113 EP A114 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996500326 ER PT S AU Hsieh, B Jourdan, M AF Hsieh, Bernard Jourdan, Mark BE Jayne, C Yue, S Iliadis, L TI An Operational Riverflow Prediction System in Helmand River, Afghanistan Using Artificial Neural Networks SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS SE Communications in Computer and Information Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Engineering Applications of Neural Networks CY SEP 20-23, 2012 CL Coventry Univ, Otaniemi, FINLAND HO Coventry Univ DE Riverflow prediction; Helmand River; neural networks; prediction improvement analysis AB This study uses historical flow record to establish an operational riverflow prediction model in Helmand River using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The tool developed for this research demonstrates that the ANN model produces results with a very short turn-around time and with good accuracy. This river system used for this demonstration is quite complex and contains uncertainties associated with the historical record. These uncertainties include downstream flow rates that are not always higher than the combined upper stream values and only one continuously operating stream gage in the headwaters. With these characteristics, improvements in the hydrologic predictions are achieved by using a best additional gage search and a two-layered ANN strategy. Despite the gains demonstrated in this research, better simulation accuracy can be achieved by constructing a new knowledge base using more recent information on the hydrologic/hydraulic condition changes that have occurred since the available period for 1979. Follow-on research can also include developing extrapolation procedures for desired project events outside the range of the historical data and predictive error correction analysis. C1 [Hsieh, Bernard; Jourdan, Mark] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, B (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM hsiehb@wes.army.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-642-32908-1 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2012 VL 311 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDB45 UT WOS:000312463700002 ER PT J AU Tomicic-Torlakovic, M Budisa, M Radjen, V AF Tomicic-Torlakovic, Mirjana Budisa, Miodrag Radjen, Vidan TI Slab Track Mass-Spring System SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Development of a ballastless slab track structure with a mass-spring system began about 20 years ago, and different kinds of these track systems have been successfully in use for urban transportation systems. With these systems the elastic elements are inserted under the slabs to provide protection from bothersome vibration and noise. The paper explains the principal aspects of calculation verifications by means of a simulation model for the selected type of mass-spring track system. C1 [Budisa, Miodrag] Alpha Rail OpenTrack Consulting Inc, USA, Englewood, CO 80113 USA. [Radjen, Vidan] Interkop, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Tomicic-Torlakovic, Mirjana] Univ Belgrade, Fac Civil Engn, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Budisa, M (reprint author), Alpha Rail OpenTrack Consulting Inc, USA, 2766 S Logan St,Suite 100, Englewood, CO 80113 USA. EM opentrack.USA@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2012 IS 2289 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.3141/2289-09 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 055OP UT WOS:000312426600010 ER PT S AU George, J Singla, P Crassidis, JL AF George, Jemin Singla, Puneet Crassidis, John L. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Disturbance Accommodating Controller for Nonlinear Stochastic Systems SO 2012 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 27-29, 2012 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, Xerox, Adept MobileRobots, Momentum Press, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis, United Technologies Res Ctr, Visual Solut, Wiley-Blackwell ID OUTPUT-FEEDBACK FORM; REJECTION AB This paper presents the the formulation of an adaptive disturbance accommodating controller for nonlinear stochastic systems with unknown nonlinearities and external disturbances. The disturbance accommodating control scheme presented here utilizes an estimator to determine the corrections to the nominal control input required to minimizes the effects of both unknown system nonlinearities and external disturbances on the controlled system. Similar to the disturbance accommodating controller for linear systems, performance of the nonlinear disturbance accommodating controller depends on the accuracy of the assumed disturbance model. The proposed formulation indicates that an adaptive law can be developed for updating the process noise covariance matrix associated with the disturbance model online so that the controlled system is stable. C1 [George, Jemin] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP George, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jemin.george.civ@mail.mil; psingla@buffalo.edu; johnc@buffalo.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-1096-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2012 BP 1003 EP 1010 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BCN53 UT WOS:000310776201047 ER PT J AU Lewis, JD Wassermann, EM Chao, WD Ramage, AE Robin, DA Clauw, DJ AF Lewis, Jeffrey D. Wassermann, Eric M. Chao, Wendy Ramage, Amy E. Robin, Donald A. Clauw, Daniel J. TI Central sensitization as a component of post-deployment syndrome SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Chronic widespread pain; post-deployment; mild traumatic brain injury ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; POSTINJURY PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN; POSTCONCUSSIVE SYMPTOMS; FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; SOMATIC SYMPTOMS AB Many service members and veterans report chronic unexplained symptoms such as pain, fatigue and memory complaints, which have most recently been characterized as post-deployment syndrome (PDS). Chronic widespread pain is a component of this syndrome, producing significant disability and considerable health care costs. The similarity between the nature of these complaints and other medically unexplained illnesses such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome suggest that they may share a common mechanism. Here, we provide support for PDS as a consequence of pain and sensory amplification secondary to neuroplastic changes within the central nervous system, a phenomenon often termed central sensitization. We also discuss how factors such as stress and genetics may promote chronic widespread pain in veterans and service members who develop PDS. C1 [Lewis, Jeffrey D.; Wassermann, Eric M.] NINDS, Behav Neurol Unit, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lewis, Jeffrey D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Chao, Wendy] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Ramage, Amy E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Robin, Donald A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Res Imaging Inst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Clauw, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Chron Pain & Fatigue Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wassermann, EM (reprint author), Behav Neurol Univ, NINDS, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1440,Bldg 10,Room 7D43, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Wassermanne@ninds.nih.gov RI Schueter, nicos/A-3625-2014 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 NS999999] NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1053-8135 J9 NEUROREHABILITATION JI Neurorehabilitation PY 2012 VL 31 IS 4 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.3233/NRE-2012-00805 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 052GV UT WOS:000312186600004 PM 23232159 ER PT S AU Wang, C Lin, CM Yin, SZ Ruffin, P Brantley, C Edwards, E AF Wang, Chao Lin, Chih-Min Yin, Shizhuo Ruffin, Paul Brantley, Christina Edwards, Eugene BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Black silicon created by interfered femtosecond laser illumination SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VI CY AUG 12-13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE laser-induced; femtosecond laser; black silicon ID SOLAR-CELLS AB A periodic parallel microgrooves on the silicon substrate with 2.5 um spacing covered by various nanostructures can be fabricated by using the interfered femtosecond laser illumination. The morphology created by this approach is apparently different from the common method using the femtosecond laser and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). However, the treated silicon area could tremendously reduce the reflection from the surface. The reflectance of the structured surface is around 5% throughout the visible to near IR (1.1 um) despite of the viewing angle, which is comparative. Furthermore, the effect of the reflectance reduction is weaker but still obvious when wavelength is beyond 1.1 um, which is believed to be able to extend to the mid IR range. C1 [Wang, Chao; Lin, Chih-Min; Yin, Shizhuo] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ruffin, Paul; Brantley, Christina; Edwards, Eugene] US Army Aviat, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Yin, SZ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sxy105@psu.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9214-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8497 AR 84970W DI 10.1117/12.932230 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BCZ61 UT WOS:000312213900019 ER PT S AU Berry, TE Morgan, JC Furey, JS DeMoss, TA Kelley, JR McKenna, JR AF Berry, T. E., Jr. Morgan, J. C. Furey, J. S. DeMoss, T. A. Kelley, J. R. McKenna, J. R. BE Hanssen, LM TI Extensive Goniometric Spectral Measurements at Desert Sites for Military Engineering SO REFLECTION, SCATTERING, AND DIFFRACTION FROM SURFACES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces III CY AUG 13-16, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE bi-directional reflectance; BDRF; goniometer; spectral analysis; soil reflectance; OCONUS soil spectral measurements AB Remote-sensing technology designed to exploit disturbed earth signatures has become extremely useful in the detection of disturbed soil in military areas of operation. Soil reflectance can be exploited for this purpose and is dependent on atmospheric conditions. An understanding of the in situ soil background is vital to any type of change detection. Researchers from the Engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC) conducted OCONUS soil spectral measurements at ten sites in Afghanistan from July to November, 2011. Sampling sites were chosen on the basis of geomorphic setting, surface-soil characteristics, and field-expedient conditions([3]). Goniometric spectral measurements at these sites have provided high quality bi-directional reflectance data, and their analyses are presented in the context of threat recognition and discrimination. These data can also provide the basis for BDRF model validation. Most spectral data were acquired under ambient solar lighting, but other data were collected at night and under artificial illumination conditions. Bidirectional measurements of soil reflectance in the VIS/NIR and SWIR were taken using the University of Lethbridge Goniometer System (ULGS)([2]) at dawn, mid-day, dusk and after sunset with a light. Soil surface roughness and reflectance varied, depending on the presence of desert varnish and desert pavement at some sites. Sun angle and dust and smoke in the atmosphere impacted soil reflectance and noise in the SWIR part of the light spectrum, in particular. The presence of minerals such as calcium carbonate, gypsum, and oxidized iron in the subsurface directly impacted reflectance measurements in disturbed soil. C1 [Berry, T. E., Jr.; Morgan, J. C.; Furey, J. S.; DeMoss, T. A.; Kelley, J. R.] US Army, ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [McKenna, J. R.] US Army, ERDC, Alexandria, VA 22206 USA. RP Berry, TE (reprint author), US Army, ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9212-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8495 AR 84950Z DI 10.1117/12.930217 PG 14 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCZ58 UT WOS:000312210500027 ER PT S AU Khalil, W Wilson, J Dupaix, B Balasubramanian, S Creech, GL AF Khalil, W. Wilson, J. Dupaix, B. Balasubramanian, S. Creech, G. L. GP IEEE TI Toward Millimeter-Wave DACs: Challenges and Opportunities SO 2012 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) CY OCT 14-17, 2012 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE DE Digital to Analog Converters; DACs; High Speed DACs; DDS; Frequency Synthesis; Interleaving ID TO-ANALOG CONVERTER AB As line widths in emerging III-V technologies approaching that of modern CMOS, the conception of high performance mixed signal designs such as digital to analog converters (DACs) in the mm-wave space becomes possible. While addressing the speed limitations, candidate III-Vs ((InP, GaAs and GaN) are known to suffer from increased switching power consumption, limited device yield and absolute accuracy. CMOS, on the other hand, has the benefit of low-power digital switching, fine resolution and scalability. Recent attempts in marrying the two technologies have been carried out in the DARPA COSMOS program, by integrating III-V type devices with CMOS circuits, so as to exploit the advantages of low-power digital CMOS and high-speed high-power InP. This paper presents some of the challenges as well as prospects in designing record speed and performance DACs in the COSMOS program while contrasting it to that of deeply-scaled CMOS. A multi-phase parallel DAC architecture is leveraged for ultra-wideband synthesis, to improve noise performance and achieve higher information rates. The architectural bounds between CMOS and InP as well as detailed circuit-level analysis of critical block elements will be highlighted. C1 [Khalil, W.; Dupaix, B.; Balasubramanian, S.] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Wilson, J.] Army Res Lab, Washington, DC 20314 USA. [Creech, G. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khalil, W (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4673-0929-5 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCY16 UT WOS:000311948600026 ER PT S AU Nochetto, HC Jankowski, NR Bar-Cohen, A AF Nochetto, Horacio C. Jankowski, Nicholas R. Bar-Cohen, Avram GP IEEE TI GaN HEMT junction temperature dependence on diamond substrate anisotropy and thermal boundary resistance SO 2012 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS) CY OCT 14-17, 2012 CL La Jolla, CA SP IEEE DE Diamond; Finite element methods; Gallium Nitride; HEMTs; Thermal conductivity; Thermal management of electronics ID ALGAN/GAN; TRANSISTOR; LAYER AB A thermal model of Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistors (GaN HEMTs) examines the impact of diamond substrate parameters on device thermal performance. These parameters include substrate thickness, GaN-substrate thermal boundary resistance (TBR), and a simplified anisotropic substrate thermal conductivity. Diamond substrates appear to only provide thermal improvement over GaN-on-Silicon Carbide (SIC) devices when the corresponding GaN-on-diamond TBR is not substantially larger than the GaN-on-SiC range, independent of the degree of substrate anisotropy. The reduced lateral conductivity due to substrate anisotropy also proves to be of less significance to substrate thermal resistance when vertical conductivity is very high, but decreased spreading in the substrate can significantly impact cold plate temperature rise. Finally, for any degree of anisotropy, substrates thinner than 150 mu m are shown to significantly increase cold plate temperature rise as they restrict heat spreading and impose higher heat fluxes to downstream components. C1 [Nochetto, Horacio C.] Gen Tech Serv, Wall, NJ 07719 USA. [Jankowski, Nicholas R.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bar-Cohen, Avram] DARPA Microsyst Technol Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Nochetto, HC (reprint author), Gen Tech Serv, Wall, NJ 07719 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4673-0929-5 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCY16 UT WOS:000311948600054 ER PT S AU Nguyen, NH Nasrabadi, NM Tran, TD AF Nguyen, Nam H. Nasrabadi, Nasser M. Tran, Trac D. TI MULTI-SENSOR JOINT KERNEL SPARSE REPRESENTATION FOR PERSONNEL DETECTION SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO) SE European Signal Processing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) CY AUG 27-31, 2012 CL Bucharest, ROMANIA ID CLASSIFICATION; REGRESSION; LASSO AB In this paper, we propose a novel nonlinear technique for multi-sensor classification, which relies on sparsely representing a test sample in terms of all the training samples in a feature space induced by a kernel function. Our approach simultaneously takes into account the correlations as well as the complementary information between the homogeneous/heterogeneous sensors, while also considering the joint sparsity within each sensor's multiple observations in the feature space. This approach can be seen as a generalized model for representing a multi-task and multivariate Lasso in the feature space, where the data from all the sensors representing the same physical events are jointly represented by a sparse linear combination of the training data. Extensive experiments are conducted on real data sets and the results are compared with the conventional discriminative classifiers to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in the application of automatic border patrol, where it is required to discriminate between human and animal footsteps. C1 [Nguyen, Nam H.; Nasrabadi, Nasser M.; Tran, Trac D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, US Army Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Nguyen, NH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, US Army Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU Army Research Office (ARO) [60291-MA]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-1117545] FX This work has been supported in part by the Army Research Office (ARO) under Grant 60291-MA and National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant CCF-1117545. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2076-1465 BN 978-1-4673-1068-0 J9 EUR SIGNAL PR CONF PY 2012 BP 739 EP 743 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCL55 UT WOS:000310623800149 ER PT B AU Giebel, JD Carr, KA Hanna, PC AF Giebel, Jonathan D. Carr, Katherine A. Hanna, Philip C. BE AbelSantos, E TI Germination of Bacillus anthracis Spores SO BACTERIAL SPORES: CURRENT RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE SPORES; ORAL-OROPHARYNGEAL ANTHRAX; AEROSOL CHALLENGE MODEL; CORTEX LYTIC ENZYMES; BACTERIAL-SPORES; SUBTILIS 168; IN-VITRO; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ENDOSPORES REQUIRES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB Bacillus anthracis exists in two morphologically distinct states, the spore and the vegetative cell. B. anthracis spores, not the vegetative bacilli, are the etiologic agent of the disease anthrax. Anthrax infections result from these inert spores entering a suitable host, recognizing that the environment is suitable for growth, and then transitioning to the rapidly growing, toxin- and capsule-producing vegetative cell through a programmed germination process whose proteins are produced during spore formation and remain inactive until triggered by specific cues. The process is, generally, conserved among spore-forming bacteria. In this chapter we outline some of the unique attributes of B. anthracis spore germination, such as the spatial and temporal regulation of spore germination inside a host, the repertoire of small molecule germinants recognized by the spore, their concomitant germinant receptors and the group of lytic enzymes necessary to complete the cortex degradation that allows for vegetative cell outgrowth and discuss how the proper functioning of each of these steps contributes directly to the pathogenesis of this organism. C1 [Giebel, Jonathan D.] Bayer CropSci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Hanna, Philip C.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carr, Katherine A.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD USA. RP Giebel, JD (reprint author), Bayer CropSci, Raleigh, NC USA. EM giebel.jonathan@gmail.com; carr.katie.a@gmail.com; pchanna@umich.edu NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908230-00-3 PY 2012 BP 107 EP 119 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BCZ84 UT WOS:000312233000008 ER PT B AU Popham, DL Heffron, JD Lambert, EA AF Popham, David L. Heffron, Jared D. Lambert, Emily A. BE AbelSantos, E TI Degradation of Spore Peptidoglycan During Germination SO BACTERIAL SPORES: CURRENT RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORTEX-LYTIC ENZYME; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS S40; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES; BACTERIAL-SPORES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; MEGATERIUM KM; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; SPORULATING CELLS; PROTOPLAST DEHYDRATION AB During spore germination, several spore components are broken down and are discarded or recycled. The first major degradative step in germination is depolymerization of the spore cortex peptidoglycan. This is essential to allow full hydration of the spore core and the resumption of cellular metabolism. The spore cortex is a thick layer of peptidoglycan with structural modifications that differentiate it from vegetative cell wall material. Germination-specific cortex lytic enzymes exhibit specificity for the muramic-delta-lactam modification of the peptidoglycan strands. As no protein synthesis can take place during germination prior to cortex breakdown, the cortex lytic enzymes must be produced during spore formation and packaged within the dormant spore in an inactive and highly stable form. A mechanism(s) must then exist for the activation of lytic enzymes during germination. This chapter will cover the current knowledge concerning the identities of cortex lytic enzymes in bacilli and clostridia, their expression and incorporation into dormant spores, the mechanisms that hold them inactive during spore dormancy and their activation during germination, and their specific lytic activities, substrates, and products. C1 [Popham, David L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lambert, Emily A.] Bluefield State Coll, Dept Biol, Bluefield, VA USA. [Heffron, Jared D.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD USA. RP Popham, DL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dpopham@vt.edu; jared.d.heffron.ctr@us.army.mil; elambert@bluefield.edu NR 99 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908230-00-3 PY 2012 BP 121 EP 142 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BCZ84 UT WOS:000312233000009 ER PT S AU Shoop, BL Robinson, KB AF Shoop, Barry L. Robinson, Kathleen B. BE Gregory, GG TI ABET Accreditation and Optics and Photonics Engineering: An Association Whose Time Has Come SO OPTICS EDUCATION AND OUTREACH II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics Education and Outreach II CY AUG 12-13, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ABET; accreditation; program criteria AB The growth and influence of optical and photonics engineering as a discipline warrants increased recognition within both academia and industry. In 2006, SPIE leadership made a strategic decision to pursue membership in ABET, Inc. to lead the profession in the establishment of ABET program criteria for optical and photonics engineering. In 2010, SPIE became a member society of ABET and in 2011 SPIE, in collaboration with our co-lead society IEEE, developed the program criteria for optical and photonics engineering. In this invited presentation we will review the rationale for pursuing ABET accreditation and the benefits of ABET accreditation, discuss the historical context leading to the current state, provide an overview of the process of developing the program specific criteria, and finally describe the way ahead. C1 [Shoop, Barry L.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Robinson, Kathleen B.] SPIE, Bellingham, WA 98227 USA. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Barry.Shoop@usma.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9198-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8481 AR 848107 DI 10.1117/12.931263 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCZ03 UT WOS:000312110400005 ER PT S AU Krueger, GP AF Krueger, G. P. BE Sparks, E TI Psychological issues in military uniform design SO ADVANCES IN MILITARY TEXTILES AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE color in military uniforms; functionality of military uniforms; human factors and military uniforms; psychology of military uniforms; uniforms and soldier performance ID SOLDIER PERFORMANCE AB Military uniforms are standardized, distinctive forms of dress that distinguish soldiers and sailors from civilians. There are many psychological implications of military uniforms, including the importance of style, appearance and color, as well as insignia, decorations, and so on. These contribute to togetherness, orderliness and discipline, and add to the soldiers' sense of camaraderie, cohesion, and esprit de corps. Some features contribute to formal patriotic displays. Other important human factors relate to practicality, functionality, utility, comfort, and bodily protection, which may affect soldier performance. This chapter addresses some of these human considerations and shows the importance of employing human systems integration approaches in the design and development of military uniforms. C1 [Krueger, G. P.] Krueger Ergon Consultants, Alexandria, VA 22306 USA. [Krueger, G. P.] USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Krueger, GP (reprint author), Krueger Ergon Consultants, 4105 Komes Court, Alexandria, VA 22306 USA. EM JerryKrueg@aol.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-0803 BN 978-0-85709-557-2 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER TE PY 2012 IS 122 BP 64 EP 78 D2 10.1533/9780857095572 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BCU76 UT WOS:000311514800005 ER PT S AU Kirk, J AF Kirk, J. BE Sparks, E TI Advanced hydration systems for soldiers: the example of the US Army SO ADVANCES IN MILITARY TEXTILES AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE canteen; combat hydration; hands free hydration; modular lightweight load-carrying equipment (MOLLE); US soldier hydration AB Hydration of soldiers is a logistical and physiological challenge faced by all armies and combatants. The human body's requirement for water increases with workload and stressful environmental conditions and cannot be reduced by training or acclimatization. The method of carrying and delivering water to the war fighter has evolved from basic metal canteens, through various moulded polyethylene versions, to modern hands-free systems which are more accessible during combat. This chapter reviews a century-long evolution of hydration equipment, including leakage and hygiene issues, and looks at current developmental efforts for the future, such as purification and desalination capabilities. C1 [Kirk, J.] USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Kirk, J.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kirk, J (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM John.Kirk@us.army.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-0803 BN 978-0-85709-557-2 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER TE PY 2012 IS 122 BP 306 EP 316 D2 10.1533/9780857095572 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BCU76 UT WOS:000311514800015 ER PT B AU Hockersmith, EE Beeman, JW AF Hockersmith, Eric E. Beeman, John W. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI A History of Telemetry in Fishery Research SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRACKING TECHNIQUES; STEELHEAD TROUT; RADIO TELEMETRY; TRANSMITTER; MOVEMENTS; SALMON; BIOTELEMETRY; TECHNOLOGY; SYSTEM C1 [Hockersmith, Eric E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Beeman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Hockersmith, EE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 201 N 3rd Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM Eric.E.Hockersmith@usace.army.mil; jbeeman@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 7 EP 19 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600002 ER PT B AU Beeman, JW Hockersmith, EE Stevenson, JR AF Beeman, John W. Hockersmith, Eric E. Stevenson, John R. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Design and Performance of Radio Telemetry Systems for Assessing Juvenile Fish Passage at Three Hydroelectric Dams SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; SURVIVAL; RADIOTELEMETRY; TRANSMITTERS; IMPOUNDMENTS; STEELHEAD; BYPASS C1 [Beeman, John W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Hockersmith, Eric E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Stevenson, John R.] BioAnalysts Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Beeman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jbeeman@usgs.gov; Eric.E.Hockersmith@usace.army.mil; john.stevenson@bioanalysts.net NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 281 EP 302 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600012 ER PT B AU Hardiman, JM Walker, CE Counihan, TD AF Hardiman, Jill M. Walker, Chris E. Counihan, Tim D. BE Adams, NS Beeman, JW Eiler, JH TI Developing a Quality Assurance Plan for Telemetry Studies: a Necessary Management Tool for an Effective Study SO TELEMETRY TECHNIQUES: A USER GUIDE FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER; RADIOTELEMETRY; MIGRATION; SURVIVAL; BIAS C1 [Hardiman, Jill M.; Counihan, Tim D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Walker, Chris E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Hardiman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501 A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM jhardiman@usgs.gov; Christopher.E.Walker@usace.army.mil; tcounihan@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-26-4 PY 2012 BP 477 EP 490 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BCW30 UT WOS:000311651600020 ER PT J AU de Rosset, WS AF de Rosset, William S. GP TMS TI SINTERING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE TUNGSTEN POWDER SO TMS 2012 141ST ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND INTERFACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Processing and Interfaces from 141st TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY MAR 11-15, 2012 CL Orlando, CA SP TMS DE nanocrystals; tungsten; powder; sintering; penetrators; modeling AB Small metal samples have been made from nanocrystalline tungsten powder by sintering with the goal of producing high density parts. The parameters associated with sintering runs have been examined to see if there is an empirical relationship between them and the final part density. A function that depends on the time the sample spends above a critical temperature has been formulated that represents one specific batch of tungsten powder. The function has been applied to other batches of powder with some success. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP de Rosset, WS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-1-118-35607-4 PY 2012 BP 489 EP 496 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BCV73 UT WOS:000311614500063 ER PT S AU Grantham, MAM AF Grantham, Marjorie A. M. BE LePrell, CG Henderson, D Fay, RR Popper, AN TI Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus: Challenges for the Military SO NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS: SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES SE Springer Handbook of Auditory Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PREVENTION; PROTECTION; VETERANS; INJURY C1 USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Grantham, MAM (reprint author), USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM marjorie.grantham@us.army.mil NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0947-2657 BN 978-1-4419-9523-0 J9 SPRINGER HANDB AUDIT JI Springer Handb. Audit. Res. PY 2012 VL 40 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9523-0_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9523-0 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA BZJ00 UT WOS:000301748500003 ER PT J AU Das, NC Reed, ML Sampath, AV Shen, H Wraback, M Farrell, RM Iza, M Cruz, SC Lang, JR Young, NG Terao, Y Neufeld, CJ Keller, S Nakamura, S DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Speck, JS AF Das, N. C. Reed, M. L. Sampath, A. V. Shen, H. Wraback, M. Farrell, R. M. Iza, M. Cruz, S. C. Lang, J. R. Young, N. G. Terao, Y. Neufeld, C. J. Keller, S. Nakamura, S. DenBaars, S. P. Mishra, U. K. Speck, J. S. GP IEEE TI Heterogeneous integration of InGaN and Silicon solar cells for enhanced energy harvesting SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE hybrid solar cell; InGaN solar cell; photovoltaic cells; silicon AB We report here enhanced solar energy harvesting using a hybrid solar cell with silicon solar cells (visible-infrared light) on bottom and an InGaN solar cell (UV light) on top. The InGaN solar cell with 30 QW periods has peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 40 % at 380 nm, an open circuit voltage (V-oc) of 2.0 V, a short circuit current (I-sc) of 0.8 mA/cm(2), and fill factor of 55%. We have demonstrated that the application of an InGaN "active window" to a silicon solar cell counterbalances the encapsulation power loss typically suffered during production of a solar panel C1 [Das, N. C.; Reed, M. L.; Sampath, A. V.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] USA, RDRL SE M, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Farrell, R. M.; Iza, M.; Cruz, S. C.; Lang, J. R.; Young, N. G.; Terao, Y.; Mishra, U. K.; Speck, J. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Nakamura, S.; DenBaars, S. P.; Mishra, U. K.; Speck, J. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, RDRL SE M, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0066-7 PY 2012 BP 3076 EP 3079 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BCD90 UT WOS:000309917803080 ER PT B AU Loyd, DR Murphy, AZ AF Loyd, Dayna R. Murphy, Anne Z. BE SchenckGustafsson, K DeCola, PR Pfaff, DW Pisetsky, DS TI Pain and Analgesia SO HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL GENDER MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY; MORPHINE ANTINOCICEPTION; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; RAT; STIMULATION AB The influence of sex has been neglected in basic and clinical studies on pain, with the vast majority of research conducted exclusively in males. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that males and females differ in both the anatomical and physiological composition of the central and peripheral nervous system circuits that relay nociceptive information. These differences influence not only our response to noxious stimuli but also the ability of pharmacological agents to modify this response. Recently, the Sex, Gender and Pain special interest group of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) issued a consensus paper highlighting the need for inclusion of both males and females in basic and clinical studies on pain. This multidisciplinary consensus was triggered by the need for application of basic science to clinical problems to continue to advance our understanding of how one's biological sex influences potential pain mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. C1 [Murphy, Anne Z.] Georgia State Univ, Inst Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Loyd, Dayna R.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Pain Management Res Area, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murphy, AZ (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Inst Neurosci, 814 PSC,100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM amurphy@gsu.edu OI Averitt, Dayna/0000-0001-8345-4988 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-8055-9929-0 PY 2012 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care SC General & Internal Medicine GA BCO36 UT WOS:000310829000021 ER PT J AU Mishra, S Vaughn, AD Devore, DI Roth, CM AF Mishra, Swati Vaughn, Asa D. Devore, David I. Roth, Charles M. TI Delivery of siRNA silencing Runx2 using a multifunctional polymer-lipid nanoparticle inhibits osteogenesis in a cell culture model of heterotopic ossification SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYBRIDIZATION THERMODYNAMICS; MEDIATED TRANSFER; BONE-FORMATION; DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION; BINDING; ACID; RATS AB Heterotopic ossification (HO) associated with traumatic neurological or musculoskeletal injuries remains a major clinical challenge. One approach to understanding better and potentially treating this condition is to silence one or more genes believed to be responsible for osteogenesis by small interfering RNA (siRNA) post-injury. Improved methods of delivering siRNA to myoprogenitor cells as well as relevant cell culture models of HO are needed to advance this approach. We utilize a model of HO featuring C2C12 myoprogenitor cells stimulated to the osteogenic phenotype by addition of BMP-2. For siRNA delivery, we utilize a nanocomposite consisting of DOTAP-based cationic liposomes coated with a graft copolymer of poly(propylacrylic acid) grafted with polyetheramine (Jeffamine), as this system has been shown previously to deliver antisense oligonucleotides safely into cells and out of endosomes for gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. Delivery of siRNA targeting Runx2, a transcription factor downstream of BMP-2, to stimulated C2C12 cells produced greater than 60% down-regulation of the Runx2 gene. This level of gene silencing was sufficient to inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity over the course of several days and calcium phosphate deposition over the course of 2 weeks. These results show the utility of the BMP-2/C2C12 model for capturing the cellular cell-fate decision in HO. Further, they suggest DOTAP/PPAA-g-Jeffamine as a promising delivery system for siRNA-based therapy for HO. C1 [Mishra, Swati; Roth, Charles M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Vaughn, Asa D.; Devore, David I.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Battlefield Hlth & Trauma Res Inst, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Roth, Charles M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Mishra, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM swmishra@rutgers.edu; asa.d.vaughn@us.army.mil; david.devore@us.army.mil; cmroth@rutgers.edu OI Roth, Charles/0000-0002-4924-0721 FU Department of Defense [W81-WXH-10-2-0139]; NIH [P41 EB001046] FX Support for this work was provided by a grant from the Department of Defense (W81-WXH-10-2-0139). The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. We thank Dr Prabhas Moghe for access to the confocal microscopy collaborative resources under the auspices of NIH grant P41 EB001046 for the biomedical technology resource RESBIO and George Dorfman for his help in bio-imaging. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2012 VL 4 IS 12 BP 1498 EP 1507 DI 10.1039/c2ib20200j PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 039XH UT WOS:000311281000005 PM 23146945 ER PT B AU Chan, K Cho, JH Adali, S AF Chan, Kevin Cho, Jin-Hee Adali, Sibel BE Apduhan, BO Hsu, CH Dohi, T Ishida, K Yang, LT Ma, J TI Composite Trust Model for an Information Sharing Scenario SO 2012 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UBIQUITOUS INTELLIGENCE & COMPUTING AND 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTONOMIC & TRUSTED COMPUTING (UIC/ATC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (UIC) / IEEE 9th International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing (ATC) CY SEP 04-07, 2012 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN SP Kyushu Sangyo Univ (KSU), IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Informat Proc Soc Japan (IPSJ), Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers (IEICE), FCVB, IPSJ Special Interest Grp Distributed Proc Syst (IPSJ SIG-DPS), IEICE Special Interest Grp Dependable Comp (IEICE SIG-DC), IPSJ Special Interest Grp Comp Secur (IPSJ SIG-CSEC), IPSJ Special Interest Grp Mobile Comp & Ubiquitous Commun (IPSJ SIG-MBL) AB Effective decision-making within teams and organizations require members to quickly identify, process, and share information with each other. Trust has received significant attention as a key concept to improve performance of information sharing tasks and teams. In this paper, we study the impact of a composite trust based agent model on information sharing in organizations. Our proposed composite trust captures the impact of a multi-genre network that such tasks are carried on (i.e., cognitive/social and communication networks). Our trust model and simulation experiments enable us to study the impact of team composition (i.e., composition and characteristics of individuals) and network connectivity (i.e., ability to communicate with neighboring nodes) on overall performance in terms of shared situation awareness (SA) and efficiency of communication. Our results show that trust-based information filtering and sharing strategy effectively guides entities to efficiently achieve high SA. C1 [Chan, Kevin; Cho, Jin-Hee] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Adali, Sibel] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY USA. RP Chan, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM kevin.s.chan@us.army.mil; jinhee.cho@us.army.mil; sibel@cs.rpi.edu FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-09-2-0053] FX Research was in part sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-09-2-0053.The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation here on. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-4843-2; 978-1-4673-3084-8 PY 2012 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1109/UIC-ATC.2012.11 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCK19 UT WOS:000310381500066 ER PT J AU Lande, RG Banks-Williams, L Fileta, B AF Lande, R. Gregory Banks-Williams, Lisa Fileta, Bader TI The forensic assessment of combat-related irritability with whole blood serotonin levels: a pilot study SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY & PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE whole blood serotonin; forensic; military; assessment; PTSD; combat ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; IMPULSIVE AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; PERSONALITY-DISORDER; VIOLENT OFFENDERS; SUBJECTIVE MOOD; CSF 5-HIAA; PLATELET; PLASMA; SUICIDE; VOLUNTEERS AB This study explored the relationship between whole blood serotonin, irritability, anger, and aggression among military personnel deployed in support of combat operations in Iraq or Afghanistan. The participants were active duty military personnel with at least one deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. After obtaining the prospective participant's consent, the investigators administered the Anger, Irritability, and Assault Questionnaire, the Post-Trauma Exposure Questionnaire, and drew the post-deployment whole blood serotonin specimen. For purposes of comparison, a pre-combat whole blood serotonin sample was obtained from an aliquot stored at the Department of Defense Serum Repository. Seventeen military subjects met the full inclusion criteria to participate in this pilot study. Participants with normal whole blood serotonin levels had significantly lower scores on the Anger, Irritability, and Assault Questionnaire than subjects who were considered to have either low or high whole blood serotonin. The findings from this study tentatively suggest that any abnormal whole blood serotonin level contributes to some form of behavioral irritability. C1 [Lande, R. Gregory; Banks-Williams, Lisa] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Psychiat Continu Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Fileta, Bader] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lande, RG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Psychiat Continu Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM rglande@gmail.com NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1478-9949 J9 J FORENSIC PSYCHI PS JI J. Forensic Psychiatry Psychol. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 654 EP 663 DI 10.1080/14789949.2012.737817 PG 10 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry SC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry GA 035NL UT WOS:000310953800007 ER PT J AU Wood, MD Foran, HM Britt, TW Wright, KM AF Wood, Michael D. Foran, Heather M. Britt, Thomas W. Wright, Kathleen M. TI The Impact of Benefit Finding and Leadership on Combat-Related PTSD Symptoms SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; COPING STRATEGIES; GROWTH; ADVERSITY; HEALTH; IMPAIRMENT; EXPERIENCE; CHECKLIST; MODERATOR AB Benefit finding and unit leadership have been identified as buffers against the negative effects of combat exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, little is known about how these different buffers work together to protect military personnel from the negative effects of combat. We examined benefit finding and leadership as buffers of the combat-PTSD symptoms link in a sample of recently returned combat veterans (N = 583). Results revealed that when higher levels of noncommissioned officer (NCO) leadership and benefit finding (BF) were reported, fewer PTSD symptoms were endorsed. Additionally, BF buffered the relationship between combat stress and PTSD symptoms, but only under conditions of supportive officer leadership. Implications of these findings for military settings are discussed. C1 [Wood, Michael D.; Foran, Heather M.; Britt, Thomas W.; Wright, Kathleen M.] US Army Med Res Unit Europe, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Wood, MD (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Europe, CMR 442, APO, AE 09042 USA. EM michael.wood@amedd.army.mil NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 6 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.736321 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 037RL UT WOS:000311124100002 ER PT J AU Griffith, J AF Griffith, James TI Correlates of Suicide Among Army National Guard Soldiers SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; UNITED-STATES MILITARY; SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; ACTIVE-DUTY; SYMPTOMS; IDEATION; RISK; DEPLOYMENT; PERSONNEL; VETERANS AB Associations among sociodemographic characteristics, mood, trauma-related experiences, and suicidal behaviors were examined with archival data from Army National Guard (ARNG) soldiers that included suicide cases combined with annual random samples of nonsuicide cases for calendar years 2007-2011 (N = 5,390); postdeployed ARNG soldiers (N = 4,567); and home-stationed ARNG soldiers (N = 15,597). Suicidal behavior was associated with demographic characteristics (e. g., young age, male, and White) and loss of a significant other; childhood abuse experiences moderated the relationship between current stressors and suicidal behavior; suicidal behavior appeared to be consistent across the deployment cycle. C1 [Griffith, James] USA, Natl Guard, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Griffith, J (reprint author), 10956 Bellehaven Blvd, Damascus, MD 20872 USA. EM griffithjh@verizon.net NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 6 BP 568 EP 591 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.736324 PG 24 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 037RL UT WOS:000311124100006 ER PT J AU Mrozek, RA Knorr, DB Spangler, SW Cole, PJ Lenhart, JL AF Mrozek, Randy A. Knorr, Daniel B., Jr. Spangler, Scott W. Cole, Phillip J. Lenhart, Joseph L. TI Impact of precursor size on the chain structure and mechanical properties of solvent-swollen epoxy gels SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID LINKED POLYMER NETWORKS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORKS; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; MONTE-CARLO; MODULUS; SIMULATION; CYCLIZATION; ELASTOMERS; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB The thermal and mechanical properties of solvent-swollen epoxy gels were investigated as a function of pre-cursor size in a model end-linked network. The epoxy networks were formed by cross-linking diepoxide and diamine precursors in the presence of a low volatility solvent, dibutylphthalate (DBP). Both precursors were end functionalized and contained a poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) spacer between the epoxy and amine functionality, respectively. The lengths of both precursors were controlled by varying the molecular weight of the PPG spacer between functional groups. The glass transition temperature for the gels as a function of solvent loading was well predicted by the Fox equation. The scaling factors of shear storage modulus versus solvent loading increased with increasing diamine precursor molecular weight to values much larger (3.91) than the theoretical value of 2.3, for entanglement dominated network formation in a theta solvent. In contrast, the scaling factor increased with decreasing epoxy precursor molecular weight to values near 4.5. The large, molecular weight dependent scaling factors are attributed to loop defect formation as the result of the amine cross-linker architecture, which consists of two difunctional reactive end groups separated by a spacer. Rather than equal spacing of all four reactive sites, the amine end groups contain two reactive hydrogens that increase the local concentration of reactive species, and facilitates loop formation. We anticipate that this work will aid in the development of non-aqueous gels and provide enhanced tailoring of the gel properties over a broad range of stiffness. C1 [Mrozek, Randy A.; Knorr, Daniel B., Jr.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] USA, Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Mrozek, Randy A.; Spangler, Scott W.; Cole, Phillip J.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mrozek, RA (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM randy.a.mrozek.civ@mail.mil; joseph.l.lenhart.civ@mail.mil NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 43 BP 11185 EP 11192 DI 10.1039/c2sm25768h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 033VM UT WOS:000310829500022 ER PT J AU Yu, JJ Zhao, F Cali, J Ma, DS Geng, XY Dai, FF Irwin, JD Aklian, A AF Yu, Jianjun Zhao, Feng Cali, Joseph Ma, Desheng Geng, Xueyang Dai, Fa Foster Irwin, J. David Aklian, Andre GP IEEE TI A Single-Chip X-Band Chirp Radar MMIC with Stretch Processing SO 2012 IEEE CUSTOM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (CICC) SE IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC) CY SEP 09-12, 2012 CL San Jose, CA SP Elect Devices Soc, Solid-State Circuits Soc, AMD, Analog Devices, Catalyst Fdn, Intel Corp, NXP, Rambus, Designers Guide Consulting DE Transceiver; X-band Radar; Chirp; Stretch Processing; DDS; PLL ID CMOS TRANSCEIVER AB A single-chip X-band chirp radar transceiver with direct digital synthesis (DDS) for chirp generation is presented. The radar chip, including receiver, transmitter, quadrature DDS, phase-locked loop (PLL) and analog to digital converter (ADC), has been implemented in a 0.13 mu m BiCMOS technology. The stretch processing technique is employed to translate the time interval between the received and the transmitted chirp signals to a single tone at the baseband output with greatly reduced bandwidth, which allows for the use of a low-cost ADC with a reduced input bandwidth of 10MHz for digitizing the received RF chirp with a bandwidth of 150MHz. A Weaver receiver with a dc-offset is employed in order to use a single ADC for detecting the received quadrature signals with image rejection. A quadrature 1GHz DDS with an inverse sinc function for zero-order hold correction is implemented to provide the chirp signals for both receiver and transmitter. A wide-tuning PLL frequency synthesizer is integrated to generate the local oscillator (LO) signals as well as the clock signal for the DDS and ADC. The implemented radar-on-chip (RoC) MMIC occupies a die area of 3.5 x 2.5mm(2). With a 2.2V supply voltage for analog/RF and a 1.5V supply for digital, the chip consumes 326mW in the receive mode and 333mW in the transmit mode. C1 [Yu, Jianjun; Zhao, Feng; Cali, Joseph; Ma, Desheng; Geng, Xueyang; Dai, Fa Foster; Irwin, J. David] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Aklian, Andre] US Army Res, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, CERDEC, RDECOM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yu, JJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. FU U. S. Army [W15P7T-09-C-S320] FX This work is supported by the U. S. Army under Contract No.W15P7T-09-C-S320. The authors would like to thank Yuehai Jin, Xin Jin, Michael Pukish, and Zachary Hubbard for their support in the chip design and testing. The authors would like to acknowledge Jonathan Corriveau and Geoffrey Goldman for funding and managing this project. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-1556-2 J9 IEEE CUST INTEGR CIR PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCK08 UT WOS:000310365600049 ER PT S AU Koch, CC Scattergood, RO VanLeeuwen, BK Darling, KA AF Koch, Carl C. Scattergood, Ronald O. VanLeeuwen, Brian K. Darling, Kristopher A. BE Palmiere, EJ Wynne, BP TI Thermodynamic Stabilization of Grain Size in Nanocrystalline Metals SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX & GG 2010) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND DE nanostructured metals; grain growth; thermodynamic stabilization ID MECHANICAL ATTRITION; THERMAL-STABILITY; GROWTH; SEGREGATION; ALLOYS AB This paper describes the stabilization of nanocrystalline. grain sizes in Pd and Fe by the addition of Zr solute atoms. The grain size as a function of annealing temperature was measured by both x-ray diffraction (XRD) line broadening analysis and microscopy methods. The latter methods showed that the XRD grain size measurements for the samples annealed at the higher temperatures were not valid. It appears that thermodynamic stabilization may still be operative in the Fe-4at.% Zr alloy but not in the Pd-19at.% Zr alloy from the experimental results and calculations of the enthalpy of segregation. C1 [Koch, Carl C.; Scattergood, Ronald O.; VanLeeuwen, Brian K.] North Carolina State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. [Darling, Kristopher A.] US Army, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, RDRL WMM B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Koch, CC (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. EM carl_koch@ncsu.edu; ron_scattergood@ncsu.edu; brian.vanleeuwen@gmail.com; kris.darling@us.army.mil FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0504286] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant number DMR-0504286. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-390-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 715-716 BP 323 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.323 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCA42 UT WOS:000309430800051 ER PT S AU Cochrane, CJ Lenahan, PM Lelis, AJ AF Cochrane, C. J. Lenahan, P. M. Lelis, A. J. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Definitive Identification of an Important 4H SiC MOSFET Interface/Near Interface Trap SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE SiC/SiO2 interface/near interface traps; magnetic resonance; EDMR; EPR ID SPIN-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION; INTRINSIC DEFECTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; RESONANCE; PASSAGE; EPR AB We utilize electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) via spin dependent recombination (SDR) to provide a definitive identification of an interface/near interface defect present in a wide variety of 4H SiC/SiO2 metal oxide semiconducting field effect transistors (MOSFETs). C1 [Cochrane, C. J.; Lenahan, P. M.] Penn State Univ, 212 EES Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lelis, A. J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cochrane, CJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 212 EES Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cjc203@psu.edu; pmlesm@engr.psu.edu; aivars.j.lelis@us.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 433 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.433 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000102 ER PT S AU Salemi, S Akturk, A Potbhare, S Lelis, A Goldsman, N AF Salemi, S. Akturk, A. Potbhare, S. Lelis, A. Goldsman, N. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Silicon Carbide-Silicon Dioxide Transition Layer Mobility SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE 4H-SiC/SiO2 transition layer; defects at SiC/SiO2 interface; mobility; DFT; DOS ID OXIDATION; MOSFETS AB We present transition layer electron mobility versus field curves for several 4H-SiC/SiO2 structures, simulated by a newly developed Monte Carlo simulator that uses density of states calculated by density functional theory (DFT). Our calculations show that among all structures, abrupt SiC/SiO2 has the highest transition layer mobility. C1 [Salemi, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Reliabil Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akturk, A.; Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lelis, A.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Salemi, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Reliabil Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM shahrzadsalemi@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 449 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.449 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000106 ER PT S AU Salemi, S Akturk, A Potbhare, S Lelis, A Goldsman, N AF Salemi, S. Akturk, A. Potbhare, S. Lelis, A. Goldsman, N. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Total Near Interface Trap Density Calculation of 4H-SiC/SiO2 Structures before and after Nitrogen Passivation SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE 4H-SiC/SiO2 transition layer; SiC interface states; nitrogen passivation; DFT; DOS AB We compare the effect of hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus passivation on total near interface trap density and mobility of 4H(0001)-SiC/SiO2 structure. The results show that nitrogen and phosphorus passivation decrease total near interface trap density by pushing the energy levels of interface traps away from the conduction band. The density of states (DOS), including interface states (D-it), are calculated for several 4H(0001)-SiC/SiO2 structures using density functional theory (DFT). C1 [Salemi, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Reliabil Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akturk, A.; Potbhare, S.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Potbhare, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lelis, A.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Salemi, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Reliabil Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM shahrzadsalemi@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 457 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.457 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000108 ER PT S AU Habersat, DB Lelis, A Green, R AF Habersat, Daniel B. Lelis, Aivars Green, Ronald BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Detection of Mobile Ions in the Presence of Charge Trapping in SiC MOS Devices SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE MOS; charge trapping; mobile ion; bias instability ID THRESHOLD-VOLTAGE INSTABILITY; DEPENDENCE AB Since power devices such as DMOSFETs will operate at high temperature where mobile ion effects are enhanced, identifying their presence is a key reliability issue for power electronics applications. We have detected the presence of mobile ion contamination in some SiC MOS device sample sets and correlated those results with observed high temperature bias instability. The differing behaviors of these devices to bias stressing as a function of temperature suggests that in some cases mobile ion drift may be counteracting the typical chary trapping effect. Triangular voltage sweep (TVS) data indicates the presence of roughly 1-4x10(12) cm(-2) mobile ions in samples where the bias instability significantly decreased with higher temperature, while samples with a nearly flat or positive-trending response showed overall lower ion contaminations of roughly 6-9x10(11) cm(-2). These results, although preliminary, support the theory that mobile ion contamination is the cause of negative bias instability at elevated temperatures in SiC MOS. C1 [Habersat, Daniel B.; Lelis, Aivars; Green, Ronald] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Habersat, DB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM daniel.b.habersat.civ@mail.mil; aivars.j.lelis@us.army.mil; ronald.green39.civ@mail.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.461 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000109 ER PT S AU Lelis, A Habersat, D Green, R Goldsman, N AF Lelis, A. Habersat, D. Green, R. Goldsman, N. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Two-way Tunneling Model of Oxide Trap Charging and Discharging in SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE MOSFET; oxide trap; threshold-voltage instability; tunneling model AB A two-way tunneling model describing simultaneous oxide trap charging and discharging in SiC MOSFETs is presented, along with a comparison with experimental results. This model can successfully account for the variation in threshold-voltage instability observed as a function of bias-stress time, bias-stress magnitude, and measurement time. C1 [Lelis, A.; Habersat, D.; Green, R.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lelis, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM aivars.j.lelis@us.army.mil; daniel.b.habersat.civ@mail.mil; ronald.green39.civ@mail.mil; neil@ece.umd.edu NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 465 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.465 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000110 ER PT S AU Snook, M Hearne, H McNutt, T Veliadis, V Nechay, B Woodruff, S Howell, RS Giorgi, D White, J Davis, S AF Snook, M. Hearne, H. McNutt, T. Veliadis, V. Nechay, B. Woodruff, S. Howell, R. S. Giorgi, D. White, J. Davis, S. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI 11.72 cm(2) SiC Wafer-scale Interconnected 1.8 kV/64 kA PiN Diode SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE PiN diode; wafer-scale interconnection; pulsed power; silicon carbide ID KV AB To meet the large current handling requirements of modern power conditioning systems, paralleling of a large number of devices is required. This increases cost and complexity through dicing, soldering, and forming multiple wire bonds. Furthermore, paralleling discrete devices increases package volume/weight and reduces power density. To overcome these complexities, PiN diodes were designed, fabricated at high yields, tested, and interconnected on a three-inch 4H-SiC wafer to form an 11.72 cm(2) wafer-scale diode. The wafer-scale diode exhibited a breakdown voltage of 1790 V at an extremely low leakage current density of less than 0.002 mA/cm(2). Under pulsed conditions, the peak current through the wafer-scale diode is 64.3 kA with a forward voltage drop of 10.3 V. The dissipated energy was 382 J and the action exceeded 1.7 MA(2)-sec. C1 [Snook, M.; Hearne, H.; Veliadis, V.; Nechay, B.; Woodruff, S.; Howell, R. S.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, 1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [McNutt, T.] APEI Inc, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Giorgi, D.] Omnipulse Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [White, J.; Davis, S.] US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Snook, M (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, 1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM megan.snook@ngc.com; joseph.white2@us.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 961 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.961 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000229 ER PT S AU Snook, M McNutt, T Kirby, C Hearne, H Veliadis, V Nechay, B Woodruff, S Howell, RS White, J Davis, S AF Snook, M. McNutt, T. Kirby, C. Hearne, H. Veliadis, V. Nechay, B. Woodruff, S. Howell, R. S. White, J. Davis, S. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Single photolithography/implantation 120-zone Junction Termination Extension for High-Voltage SiC Devices SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE Junction termination extension; JTE; multi-zone JTE; single implant; photolithography; blocking voltage; high voltage; diode; silicon carbide; PiN AB The multi-zone junction termination extension (MJTE) is a widely used edge termination technique for achieving high voltage SiC devices. It is commonly implemented with multiple lithography and implantation events. In order to reduce process complexity, cycle time, and cost, a single photolithography and single implant MJTE technique has been successftilly developed. The method utilizes a pattern of finely graduated oxide windows that filter the implant dose and create a graded MJTE in a single implant and single photolithography step. Based on this technique, 6 kV / 0.09 cm(2) PiN diodes were fabricated utilizing a 120-zone single-implant JTE design. This novel single-implant MJTE design captures 93% of the ideal breakdown voltage and has comparable performance and yield to a baseline three implant process. C1 [Snook, M.; Kirby, C.; Hearne, H.; Veliadis, V.; Nechay, B.; Woodruff, S.; Howell, R. S.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, 1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [McNutt, T.] APEI, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [White, J.; Davis, S.] US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Snook, M (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, 1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM megan.snook@ngc.com; joseph.white2@us.army.mil NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 977 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.977 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000233 ER PT S AU Veliadis, V Hearne, H Chang, W Caldwell, JD Stewart, EJ Snook, M Howell, RS Urciuoli, D Lelis, A Scozzie, C AF Veliadis, V. Hearne, H. Chang, W. Caldwell, J. D. Stewart, E. J. Snook, M. Howell, R. S. Urciuoli, D. Lelis, A. Scozzie, C. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Recovery of Bipolar-Current Induced Degradations in High-Voltage Implanted-Gate Junction Field Effect Transistors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE JFET; stacking faults; bipolar degradation; silicon carbide; stressing; annealing; stacking fault shrinking ID STACKING-FAULTS; DIODES AB Electron-hole recombination-induced stacking faults have been shown to degrade the electrical characteristics of SiC power pin and MPS diodes and DMOSFETs with thick drift epitaxial layers. In this paper, we investigate the effects of bipolar injection induced stacking faults on the electrical characteristics of p+ ion-implanted high-voltage vertical-channel JFETs with 100-mu m drift epilayers. The JFETs were stressed at a fixed gate-drain bipolar current density of 100 A/cm(2) for five hours, which led to degradation of the forward gate-drain p-n junction and on-state conduction. The degradation was fully reversed by annealing at 350 degrees C for 96 hours. Forward and reverse gate-source, transfer, reverse gate-drain, and blocking voltage JFET characteristics exhibit no degradation with bipolar stress. Non-degraded characteristics remain unaffected by annealing events. Consequently, should minority carrier injection occur in JFETs operating at elevated temperatures no stacking fault induced degradations are expected. This eliminates the need for specialty substrates with suppressed densities of basal plane dislocations in the fabrication of high-voltage SiC JFETs for high temperature applications. C1 [Veliadis, V.; Hearne, H.; Stewart, E. J.; Snook, M.; Howell, R. S.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, 1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Chang, W.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Caldwell, J. D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Urciuoli, D.; Lelis, A.; Scozzie, C.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Veliadis, V (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, 1212 Winterson Rd, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM victor.veliadis@ngc.com; joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil; damian.p.urciuoli.civ@mail.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement [W911NF-06-2-0002] FX Research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-06-2-0002. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1013 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1013 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000242 ER PT S AU Lawson, K Alvarez, G Bayne, SB Veliadis, V Ha, HC Urciuoli, D Scozzie, C AF Lawson, K. Alvarez, G. Bayne, S. B. Veliadis, V. Ha, H. C. Urciuoli, D. Scozzie, C. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Reliable Operation of 1200-V SiC Vertical Junction-Field-Effect-Transistor Subjected to 16,000-Pulse Hard Switching Stressing SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE JFET; 4H-SiC; vertical channel; normally-ON; 1200-V; bidirectional; fault isolation; four quandrant ID CHANNEL JFETS; CONFIGURATION AB A necessity for the successful commercialization of SiC power devices is their long term reliability under the switching conditions encountered in application. Normally-ON 1200 V SiC JFETs were stressed in hard-switching conditions to determine their fault handling capabilities. The hard-switching included single shot tests ranging from drain voltages of 100 V to 500 V and repetition rate tests at 1 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 100 Hz with peak currents exceeding 100 A (8 times the rated current at 250 W/cm(2)). The JFET conduction and blocking-voltage characteristics are unchanged after 16,000 pulsed and numerous single shot hard switching events proving the devices are reliable for handling high surge-current faults. C1 [Lawson, K.; Alvarez, G.; Bayne, S. B.] Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Veliadis, V.; Ha, H. C.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Urciuoli, D.; Scozzie, C.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lawson, K (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM kevin.lawson@ttu.edu; victor.veliadis@ngc.com; damian.urciuoli@us.army.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1021 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1021 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000244 ER PT S AU Hinojosa, M Bayne, S Veliadis, V Urciuoli, D AF Hinojosa, Miguel Bayne, Stephen Veliadis, Victor Urciuoli, Damian BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Avalanche Breakdown Energy in Silicon Carbide Junction Field Effect Transistors SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE SiC; silicon carbide; JFET; avalanche breakdown; PFN; pulse forming network; energy extraction AB The energy dissipation capabilities of a 4H-SiC, 1200 V, 0.1 cm(2) JFET operating in blocking mode were investigated. These devices, which are used in bidirectional solid-state circuit breaker applications, can conduct a current of 13 A in forward-conduction mode, and typically block a voltage up to 1200 V in reverse bias mode. In this document, the blocking limits of the device were pushed slightly to the point where avalanche breakdown occurs. A high voltage, short-pulse generator was designed and constructed to drive the JFET into this state and to monitor the dissipated energy. The devices were able to handle up to 18.14 mJ. C1 [Hinojosa, Miguel; Bayne, Stephen] Texas Tech Univ, 1012 Boston Ave,MS 3102, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Veliadis, Victor] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Urciuoli, Damian] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hinojosa, M (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, 1012 Boston Ave,MS 3102, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM miguel.hinojosa@ttu.edu; stephen.bayne@ttu.edu; victor.veliadis@ngc.com; victor.veliadis@ngc.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1025 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1025 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000245 ER PT S AU Ryu, SH Cheng, L Dhar, S Capell, C Jonas, C Callanan, R O'Loughlin, M Burk, A Lelis, A Scozzie, C Agarwal, A Palmour, J AF Ryu, Sei-Hyung Cheng, Lin Dhar, Sarit Capell, Craig Jonas, Charlotte Callanan, Robert O'Loughlin, Michael Burk, Al Lelis, Aivars Scozzie, Charles Agarwal, Anant Palmour, John BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Development of 1200 V, 3.7 m Omega-cm(2) 4H-SiC DMOSFETs for Advanced Power Applications SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE High Voltage; High Current; Power MOSFET; DMOSFET AB We present our recent developments in 4H-SiC power DMOSFETs. 4H-SiC DMOSFETs with a room temperature specific on-resistance of 3.7 m Omega-cm(2) with a gate bias of 20 V, and an avalanche voltage of 1550 V with gate shorted to source, was demonstrated. A threshold voltage of 3.5 V was extracted from the power DMOSFET, and a subthreshold swing of 200 mV/dec was measured. The device was successfully scaled to an active area of 0.4 cm(2), and the resulting device showed a drain current of 377 A at a forward voltage drop of 3.8 V at 25 degrees C. C1 [Ryu, Sei-Hyung; Cheng, Lin; Dhar, Sarit; Capell, Craig; Jonas, Charlotte; Callanan, Robert; O'Loughlin, Michael; Burk, Al; Agarwal, Anant; Palmour, John] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC USA. [Lelis, Aivars; Scozzie, Charles] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Ryu, SH (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC USA. EM sei-hyung_ryu@cree.com FU Army Research Laboratory for generous FX Authors are grateful the Army Research Laboratory for generous support of the project. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1059 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1059 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000253 ER PT S AU Cheng, L Ryu, SH Agarwal, AK O'Loughlin, M Burk, A Richmond, J Lelis, A Scozzie, C Palmour, JW AF Cheng, Lin Ryu, Sei-Hyung Agarwal, Anant K. O'Loughlin, Michael Burk, Al Richmond, Jim Lelis, Aivars Scozzie, Charles Palmour, John W. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI High-Temperature Performance of 1200 V, 200 A 4H-SiC Power DMOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE Power DMOSFET; high temperature; MOS channel mobility; inversion layer electron mobility; interface traps AB We have investigated the thermal behavior of our recently developed 1200 V, 200 A 4H-SiC power DMOSFETs operating from 20 degrees C up to 300 degrees C. Compared to the first generation SiC DMOSFET that was commercially released early this year, this 4H-SiC power DMOSFET shows a similar to 50% reduction in the total specific on-resistance at room temperature. Temperature dependence of the key parameters of this MOSFET, such as on-resistance, threshold voltage, and the MOS channel mobility, are reported in this paper. The MOSFET showed normally-off characteristics throughout the entire experimental temperature range. Different temperature dependence of the total on-resistance in different temperature regimes has been observed. C1 [Cheng, Lin; Ryu, Sei-Hyung; Agarwal, Anant K.; O'Loughlin, Michael; Burk, Al; Richmond, Jim; Palmour, John W.] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC USA. [Lelis, Aivars; Scozzie, Charles] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Cheng, L (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC USA. EM lin_cheng@cree.com FU Army Research Laboratory FX Authors are grateful to the Army Research Laboratory for generous support of the project. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1065 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1065 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000254 ER PT S AU Zhang, QJ Agarwal, A Capell, C Cheng, L O'Loughlin, M Burk, A Palmour, JW Rumyantsev, S Saxena, T Levinshtein, M Ogunniyi, A O'Brien, H Scozzie, CJ AF Zhang, Q. J. Agarwal, A. Capell, C. Cheng, L. O'Loughlin, M. Burk, A. Palmour, J. W. Rumyantsev, S. Saxena, T. Levinshtein, M. Ogunniyi, A. O'Brien, H. Scozzie, C. J. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI 12 kV, 1 cm(2) SiC GTO Thyristors with Negative Bevel Termination SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE Silicon Carbide; SiC; Gate Turn-Off thyristor; GTO; termination; light-triggered GTO AB In this paper, for the first time, we report 12 kV, 1 cm(2) SiC GTOs demonstrated with a novel negative bevel termination, which improves the breakdown voltage by >3.5 kV compared to the conventional multiple-zone Junction Termination Extension (JTE). The significant improvement in the blocking voltage was attributed to the elimination of the electrical field crowding in the periphery of the mesa with conventional JTE termination. This new termination has been used in both electrically and optically triggered SiC GTOs. An ultrafast turn-on speed of 70 ns has been measured on 12 kV, 1 cm(2) SiC light triggered GTOs. C1 [Zhang, Q. J.; Agarwal, A.; Capell, C.; Cheng, L.; O'Loughlin, M.; Burk, A.; Palmour, J. W.] Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Rumyantsev, S.; Saxena, T.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Rumyantsev, S.; Levinshtein, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Loffe Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Ogunniyi, A.; O'Brien, H.; Scozzie, C. J.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, QJ (reprint author), Cree Inc, 3026 E Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Jon_Zhang@cree.com RI Levinshtein, Michael/A-4325-2014 FU Mr. Charles Scozzie of Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support from Mr. Charles Scozzie of Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland for the work on SiC GTOs. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1151 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1151 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000275 ER PT S AU O'Brien, H Shaheen, W Ogunniyi, A Scozzie, CJ Zhang, QJ Agarwal, A Temple, V AF O'Brien, Heather Shaheen, William Ogunniyi, Aderinto Scozzie, Charles J. Zhang, Q. Jon Agarwal, Anant Temple, Victor BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI High dI/dt Pulse Switching of 1.0 cm(2) SiC GTOs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE SiC; thyristor; power device; turn-on AB The Army Research Laboratory has collaborated with Cree, Inc. and Silicon Power Corp. to develop 9 kV-blocking, 1.0 cm(2) Super-GTOs. In this study, several 1.0 cm(2) GTOs were individually switched up to 6.0 kA in a low-inductance, high di/dt (2.1 KA/mu s) circuit to evaluate turn-on delay and optimize the gate control. Turn-on delay was evaluated relative to gate drive current, and the delay was reduced by 1.1 mu s when gate amplitude was increased from 1 A to 8 A. Increasing gate current delivered to each GTO also successfully reduced variation in turn-on delay from device to device by at least 50%, and mitigated mismatch in turn-on between pairs of GTOs switched in parallel. As silicon carbide material processing and device development continue to evolve, the ultimate solution will be to reduce remaining material defects and to control minority carrier diffusion length through more uniform doping across the wafer. These steps will enable modules of parallel GTOs to perform at maximum capability. C1 [O'Brien, Heather; Ogunniyi, Aderinto; Scozzie, Charles J.] USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Shaheen, William] Berkeley Res Assoc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhang, Q. Jon; Agarwal, Anant] Cree Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Temple, Victor] Silicon Power Corp, Clifton Pk 12065, NY USA. RP O'Brien, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM heather.k.obrien@us.army.mil; aderinto.a.ogunniyi.civ@mail.mil; charles.j.scozzie.civ@mail.mil; jon_zhang@cree.com; anant_agarwal@cree.com; vtemple-spco@nycap.rr.com NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1155 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1155 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000276 ER PT S AU Nechay, B Snook, M Hearne, H McNutt, T Veliadis, V Woodruff, S Howell, RS Giorgi, D White, J Davis, S AF Nechay, B. Snook, M. Hearne, H. McNutt, T. Veliadis, V. Woodruff, S. Howell, R. S. Giorgi, D. White, J. Davis, S. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI High-Yield 4H-SiC Thyristors for Wafer-scale Interconnection SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE Thyristor; pulsed power; wafer-scale interconnection; silicon carbide ID KV AB Modern power conditioning systems require large active area devices which can support high currents. Though the breakdown and thermal properties of SiC make it an excellent choice for power switching applications, active area size is currently limited due to material and processing defects. One alternative is to parallel discrete diced die to achieve large active areas. However, this increases cost and complexity through dicing, soldering, and forming multiple wire bonds. Furthermore, paralleling discrete devices increases package volume/weight and reduces power density. To overcome these issues and achieve devices of high current switching capabilities, thyristors were designed and fabricated for the purpose of wafer-scale interconnection - which avoids the need of dicing and bonding and can achieve significant current density improvement over the paralleled diced device approach. Discrete thyristors fabricated for interconnection exhibited excellent yields and good uniformity of both blocking and on-state characteristics, showing great promise for large-scale interconnection. C1 [Nechay, B.; Snook, M.; Hearne, H.; Veliadis, V.; Woodruff, S.; Howell, R. S.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. [Giorgi, D.] Omnipulse Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [White, J.; Davis, S.] US Army TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. [McNutt, T.] Now with APEI Inc, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Nechay, B (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. EM bettina.nechay@ngc.com; joseph.white2@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1171 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1171 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000280 ER PT S AU Lacouture, S Lawson, K Bayne, S Giesselmann, M O'Brien, H Scozzie, CJ AF Lacouture, Shelby Lawson, Kevin Bayne, Stephen Giesselmann, Michael O'Brien, Heather Scozzie, Charles J. BE Devaty, RP Dudley, M Chow, TP Neudeck, PG TI Evaluation of High Power Experimental SiC SGTO Devices for Pulsed Power Applications SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM 2011) CY SEP 11-16, 2011 CL Cleveland, OH SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI DE Silicon Carbide; Thyristors; Three Phase Controlled Rectifier AB The development of new semiconductor designs requires that extensive testing be completed in order to fully understand the device's characteristics and performance capabilities. This paper describes the evaluation of experimental Silicon Carbide high power Super Gate Turn Off Thyristors (SiC SGTOs) in a unique test bed that is capable of stressing the devices with very high energy/power levels while at the same time mimicking a realistic, real world application for such devices. C1 [Lacouture, Shelby; Lawson, Kevin; Bayne, Stephen; Giesselmann, Michael] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [O'Brien, Heather; Scozzie, Charles J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lacouture, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Shelby.Lacouture@ttu.edu; Kevin.Lawson@ttu.edu; Stephen.Bayne@ttu.edu; Michael.Giesselmann@ttu.edu; Heather.K.Obrien@us.army.mil; charles.scozzie@us.army.mil NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 717-720 BP 1183 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.1183 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BCA44 UT WOS:000309431000283 ER PT J AU Chang, MH Pang, T Pemy, M AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung Pang, Tao Pemy, Moustapha TI Viscosity Solution of Optimal Stopping Problem for Stochastic Systems with Bounded Memory SO STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Optimal stopping; Stochastic control; Stochastic functional differential equations ID JACOBI-BELLMAN EQUATIONS; DIFFUSION-PROCESSES; OPTIONS; SPACES; DELAY AB We consider a finite time horizon optimal stopping problem for a system of stochastic functional differential equations with a bounded memory. Under some sufficiently smooth conditions, a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) variational inequality for the value function is derived via dynamical programming principle. It is shown that the value function is the unique viscosity solution of the HJB variational inequality. C1 [Chang, Mou-Hsiung] USA, Res Off, Math Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Pang, Tao] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pemy, Moustapha] Towson Univ, Dept Math, Towson, MD USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), USA, Res Off, 4300 S Miami Blvd, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM mouhsiung.chang.civ@mail.mil FU U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF-04-D-0003] FX The research of this article is partially supported by a grant W911NF-04-D-0003 from the U. S. Army Research Office. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-2994 J9 STOCH ANAL APPL JI Stoch. Anal. Appl. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1102 EP 1135 DI 10.1080/07362994.2012.727143 PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 032SJ UT WOS:000310739100008 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Stansell, RJ Tackley, SC Nagy, WT Gibbons, KM Peery, CA Caudill, CC AF Keefer, Matthew L. Stansell, Robert J. Tackley, Sean C. Nagy, William T. Gibbons, Karrie M. Peery, Christopher A. Caudill, Christopher C. TI Use of Radiotelemetry and Direct Observations to Evaluate Sea Lion Predation on Adult Pacific Salmonids at Bonneville Dam SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; HARBOR SEALS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FEEDING-HABITS; ABUNDANCE; MIGRATION; CALIFORNIA; PREY; POPULATIONS AB Management of protected species becomes increasingly complex when one protected population negatively affects another. This occurs along coastlines and in rivers and estuaries of the U. S. Pacific Northwest, where protected marine mammals prey on threatened and endangered Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. Over 9 years, we observed a growing aggregation of California sea lions Zalophus californianus and Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus preying upon adult Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Both before and concurrent with the observation study, we monitored radio-tagged salmon at Bonneville Dam and during their upriver spawning migrations. Springtime sea lion abundance steadily increased from 2002 to 2010 and the aggregation formed earlier each winter. The principal prey species in winter were resident white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus and migratory steelhead and then shifted to predominantly Chinook salmon when the spring run arrived. Observation-based estimates of salmonid consumption from January to May varied 12-fold among years (0.4-4.9%, mean = 2.6% of adult salmonids counted at the dam), and radiotelemetry results corroborated these estimates. The highest proportional impact was in winter and early spring. As salmonid abundance increased, per capita consumption by sea lions increased (Type II functional response) but individual salmonid risk decreased (due to prey swamping). Population-specific risk analyses indicated predation was substantially higher for early-timed than for late-timed salmon populations. The most at-risk group included Snake River and upper Columbia River Chinook salmon listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. These predation indices should help managers simultaneously tasked with salmon recovery and marine mammal management. C1 [Keefer, Matthew L.; Caudill, Christopher C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Stansell, Robert J.; Nagy, William T.; Gibbons, Karrie M.] USA, Corps Engineers, Fisheries Field Unit, Cascade Locks, OR 97014 USA. [Tackley, Sean C.] USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Resources Branch, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Peery, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, 975 6th St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank all the observers in the pinniped observation program. They spent many hours in extreme weather conditions to obtain this important information for regional managers. We also thank the U. S. Department of Agriculture for supplying agents to employ harassment activities to keep sea lions away from fishways, and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission for supplying boats for harassment activities. Special thanks to the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers for designing and deploying sea lion exclusion devices, which have kept sea lions out of the Bonneville Dam fishways since their installation in 2006. We are similarly indebted to individuals at many organizations for gathering and compiling the Chinook salmon data used in this study. We especially appreciate the personnel at the many cooperating hatcheries as well as anglers and tribal fishers for returning radio transmitters. We also thank T. Bjornn, B. Burke, M. Moser, L. Stuehrenberg, A. Matter, K. Frick, and T. Bohn (National Marine Fisheries Service) for their collaboration on the telemetry project. Funding was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; we thank D. Clugston, M. Shutters, R. Dach, M. Langeslay, and T. Mackey for their support. At the University of Idaho, T. Bjornn, R. Ringe, K. Tolotti, M. Jepson, S. Lee, C. Boggs, T. Reischel, G. Naughton, W. Daigle, M. Morasch, T. Dick, D. Joosten, and C. Morat helped with telemetry project oversight, field operations, and collection and processing of telemetry data. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers and the journal's associate editor whose constructive comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 66 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2012 VL 141 IS 5 BP 1236 EP 1251 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.688918 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 030ZM UT WOS:000310608700007 ER PT J AU Balu, R Kaplan, D Swaminathan, V Pandel, R Karna, SP AF Balu, Radhakrishnan Kaplan, Daniel Swaminathan, V. Pandel, Ravindra Karna, Shashi P. GP IEEE TI ASYMMETRIC MODULATION OF BAND STRUCTURES OF GRAPHENE FLUORIDE BY ELECTRIC FIELD: A DFT STUDY SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE DFT; graphene fluoride; band gap AB We have studied the influence of an external electric field on the band structures of graphene fluoride in C4F stoichiometry using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The electric field was applied in two different directions, field pointing towards the fluorine layer and in opposite direction pointing towards the graphene layer, normal to the plane of the bilayers. Calculations reveal that the band gaps are tunable with electric field and are modulated based on the direction of the field. The gap increases by 35 meV in one direction and decreases by 35 meV in the opposite direction at a maximum applied field of 3.3 V/nm. C1 [Balu, Radhakrishnan; Karna, Shashi P.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Pandel, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Kaplan, Daniel; Swaminathan, V.] US Army RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Balu, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM radhakrishnan.balu.ctr@mail.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900076 ER PT J AU Griep, MH Martin, J Cramer, H Goodall, M Karna, SP AF Griep, Mark H. Martin, Josh Cramer, Hailey Goodall, Margo Karna, Shashi P. GP IEEE TI Damage Tolerant Bio-Sensitized Solar Cells SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) ID TIO2 NANOTUBES AB Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have drawn intense interest recently in the field of alternative energy and nanomaterials. Highly ordered, free-standing titanium dioxide nanotube (TiNT) arrays exhibit favorable properties due to their barrier-free electron percolation pathway vs. traditional TiO2 nanoparticles in DSSC designs. TiNT arrays prepared by dual electrochemical anodization of polished Ti foils were removed from the foil and deposited on highly flexible ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) electrodes. Compared to traditional ITO/PET substrates the metalized UHMWPE offers a more flexible/robust platform for robust DSSC designs. The engineering approach utilizes a two-step anodization procedure coupled with the implementation of a rapid inert gas dehydration method. By controlling the reaction conditions during anodization (voltage, duration, concentration), TiNT array with specific morphology, lengths, and diameter can be tailored to be the application and sensitizer specifications. In the effort to create DSSC with enhanced robustness, a highly stable protein sensitizer with elevated chemical and temperature resistance compared to traditional dyes is being developed. The free-standing arrays, comprised of hexagonally close-packed and regularly ordered TiNT membranes, are engineered to a tube pore-size of 150nm to accommodate the specialized protein dye. Additionally, a novel polymer gel electrolyte is being developed to simultaneously enhance the protein's photoconversion efficiency and increase the lifetime of the cell. The end result of this work will be a highly-flexible, damage tolerant, and extreme environment stable DSSCs. C1 [Griep, Mark H.; Martin, Josh; Cramer, Hailey; Goodall, Margo; Karna, Shashi P.] USA, ATTN AMSRD ARL WM MA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Griep, MH (reprint author), USA, ATTN AMSRD ARL WM MA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mark.h.griep.ctr@mail.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900139 ER PT J AU Martin, J Hirsch, SG Giri, A Griep, MH Karna, SP AF Martin, Joshua Hirsch, Samuel G. Giri, Anit Griep, Mark H. Karna, Shashi P. GP IEEE TI One-Step Synthesis and Characterization of Highly-Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE Titania nanotubes; titanium dioxide; anatase; nanotubes ID TIO2 NANOTUBES; ANODIZATION AB Highly-ordered, densely-packed, hexagonal TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized in a single-step anodization of Ti foil using a constant dc potential of 60 V. The synthesized nanotubes exhibit a bamboo-like structure, with rings formed along the length. X-ray diffraction reveals the as-grown nanotubes to be amorphous, which upon annealing at 723 K changes to a dominantly crystalline anatase phase. A high concentration of the electrolyte coupled with a mechanically uneven Ti surface leads to "nano-grass" like structure. A long anodization time also contributes to rapid breakdown of the Nanotubes. C1 [Martin, Joshua; Hirsch, Samuel G.; Giri, Anit; Griep, Mark H.; Karna, Shashi P.] USA, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM joshua.martin39.ctr@mail.mil; samuel.g.hirsch.civ@mail.mil; anit.giri.ctr@mail.mil; mark.h.griep.ctr@mail.mil; shashi.p.karna.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900129 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S He, HY Pandey, R Karna, SP AF Mukhopadhyay, Saikat He, Haiying Pandey, Ravindra Karna, Shashi P. GP IEEE TI Conformation vs Voltage Gating in a Molecular Transistor: A First-Principles Quantum Chemical Study SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE Molecular transistor; quantum transport; conformational gating; and conventional gating AB The electronic conduction of a novel, three-terminal molecular architecture is studied under the influence of conformational or voltage gating and also when both are simultaneously present. At the ground state configuration, the calculated tunneling current (I-d) as a function of external bias (V-ds) exhibits typical insulator-semiconductor behaviour. However, a significant increase, by more than an order of magnitude, and a distinct variation in the current are predicted in its operational mode (V-ds>1.5V) when additional non-planarity is induced in the triphenyl chain. The observed conformational gating affects the current via localization/delocalization of the electronic wave function in the conduction channel. As the gate-field is turned on, the transport is affected via "enhancement" or "depletion" mode of a transistor, attributed to the intrinsic dipolar molecular architecture. The current modulation is found to reach its maximum only under exclusive effect of voltage or conformational gating and diminishes when both of them are present. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Saikat; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [He, Haiying] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Karna, Shashi P.] US Army Res Lab, ATTN RDRL WM, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM smukhopa@mtu.edu; haiyinghe@anl.gov; pandey@mtu.edu; Shashi.p.karna.civ@mail.mil RI Mukhopadhyay, Saikat/B-4402-2011 FU MTU; Army Research Ot1ice [W911NF -09-1-0221] FX The work at MTU was performed under support by Army Research Ot1ice through contract number W911NF -09-1-0221. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900207 ER PT J AU Parsons, P Duncan, K Giri, A Xiao, JQ Karna, SP AF Parsons, Paul Duncan, Kate Giri, Anit Xiao, John Q. Karna, Shashi P. GP IEEE TI NiZn Ferrite Nanoparticies and their Polymer Composites for Antenna Miniaturization SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE Nanomagnetics; Nanomaterials: Nanomaterials/nanoparticles; Characterization and Application AB In order to develop substrate materials for antenna miniaturization, we have synthesized nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles and their polymer composites. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were characterized with a host of methods to determine magnetic and dielectric, structural, and physical properties. The average size of the magnetic nanoparticles is measured to be 60nm. The measured permeabilities and permittivities of the MNP-polymer composites decrease dramatically with increase in frequency. Their values can be tailored with ferrite loading. C1 [Parsons, Paul; Xiao, John Q.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Duncan, Kate] US Army, Space & Terrestrial Commun Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Giri, Anit] Bowhead Sci & Technol LLC, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Giri, Anit; Xiao, John Q.; Karna, Shashi P.] US Army, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Parsons, P (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM pparsons@udel.edu FU US Army Communications Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center - Space and Terrestrial Communications Directorate FX The Research conducted at the Army Research Laboratory was partly funded by the US Army Communications Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center - Space and Terrestrial Communications Directorate. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900305 ER PT J AU Sergeev, A Vagidov, N Mitin, V Sablon, K Little, J AF Sergeev, Andrei Vagidov, Nizami Mitin, Vladimir Sablon, Kimberly Little, John GP IEEE TI NANOSCALE ENGINEERING OF PHOTOELECTRON PROCESSES BY CHARGING QUANTUM DOTS SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 20-23, 2012 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP) DE quantum dot media; photovoltaic nanomaterials; photodetectors; photoelectron lifetime; infrared harvesting ID CARRIER-RELAXATION; ENHANCEMENT; EFFICIENCY; CAPTURE AB Novel approach to control of photoelectron processes is based on nanoscale engineering of 3D potential profile employing quantum dots with built-in charge (Q-BIC). Charging of quantum dots creates local potential barriers around single dots, if dots are arbitrary distributed in the medium, and collective barriers around dot clusters, rows etc, if quantum dots form specific structures. Manipulations with potential barriers provide an effective tool for suppression of fast capture processes of photocarriers by quantum dots. This allows one to increase the photocarrier lifetime and to reduce the recombination losses. The charging of dots also enhances the electron coupling to infrared radiation and multi-step absorption of sub-gap photons. Q-BIC nanomaterials have a number of attractive features to be used in photovoltaic and sensing applications. C1 [Sergeev, Andrei; Vagidov, Nizami] SUNY Buffalo, SUNY Res Fdn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Mitin, Vladimir] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Sablon, Kimberly; Little, John] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sergeev, A (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, SUNY Res Fdn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM asergeev@buffalo.edu; nizami@buffalo.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2200-3 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000309933900190 ER PT S AU Flaherty, SR Fern, L Turpin, T Scheff, S AF Flaherty, Susan R. Fern, Lisa Turpin, Terry Scheff, Scott GP IEEE TI Universal Ground Control Station (UGCS) Joystick Evaluation SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS AB A goal of commonality and interoperability across U. S. Army and Joint Service unmanned aerial systems (UASs) was outlined by the Office of the Secretary of Defense. The Universal Ground Control Station (UGCS) is a U. S. Army initiative to meet this requirement. With an objective to control heterogeneous assets with expanded payloads, both displacement and force sensing hand-controllers have been reviewed against a baseline joystick and an alternative mouse-like device. This study compared operator performance in three mission environments, exercising critical payload operations tasks. Six combat-experienced UAS operators and six general aviation fixed wing pilots were tested. Performance data, subjective workload ratings, and comments were collected. Analyses revealed only small performance differences between displacement and force sensing joysticks in the UAS operators. Pilots showed better performance in a route reconnaissance task utilizing the familiar mouse-like controller. Individual preference, familiarity, and comfort influenced subjective views. Recommendations include additional testing in representative length missions and designing for sustained comfort. C1 [Flaherty, Susan R.] USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Fern, Lisa] San Jose State Univ Fdn, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Turpin, Terry] Turpin Technol, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. [Scheff, Scott] HF Designworks Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Flaherty, SR (reprint author), USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate AMRDEC, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM susan.r.flaherty@us.army.mil; lisa.fern@us.army.mil; terry.turpin@us.army.mil; scottscheff@hfdesignworks.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105303067 ER PT S AU Kaplan, LM Chakraborty, S Bisdikian, C AF Kaplan, Lance M. Chakraborty, Supriyo Bisdikian, Chatschik GP IEEE TI Fusion of Classifiers: A Subjective Logic Perspective SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2012 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS ID PRODUCT FUSION AB This work investigates decision level fusion by extending the framework of subjective logic to account for hidden observations. Bayes' rule might suggest that decision level fusion is simply calculated as the normalized product of the class likelihoods of the various classifiers. However, this product rule suffers from a veto issue. The problem with the classical Bayes formulation is that it does not account for uncertainties inherent in the likelihoods exclaimed by the classifiers. This paper uses subjective logic as a rigorous framework to incorporate uncertainty. First, a class appearance model is introduced that roughly accounts for the disparity between training and testing conditions. Then, the subjective logic framework is expanded to account for the fact that class appearances are not directly observed. Rather, a classifier only returns the likelihood for the class appearance. Finally, the paper uses simulations to compare the new subjective logic framework to traditional classifier fusion methods in terms of classification performance and the ability to estimate the parameters of the class appearance model. C1 [Kaplan, Lance M.] USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Chakraborty, Supriyo] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bisdikian, Chatschik] IBM Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. RP Kaplan, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM lkaplan@ieee.org; supriyo@ee.ucla.edu; bisdik@us.ibm.com FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.K Ministry of Defense [W911NF-06-3-0001] FX Research was sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.K Ministry of Defense and was accomplished under Agreement Number W911NF-06-3-0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. Government, the U.K. Ministry of Defense or the U.K Government. The U.S. and U.K. Governments are authorized to reproduce and distribute for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4577-0557-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2012 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBZ12 UT WOS:000309105302018 ER PT J AU Burkholder, RJ O'Donnell, AN Coburn, WO Reddy, CJ AF Burkholder, R. J. O'Donnell, A. N. Coburn, W. O. Reddy, C. J. GP IEEE TI Sparse Basis Expansions for Compressive Sensing of Electromagnetic Scattering Patterns Computed using Iterative Physical Optics SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS (ICEAA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) / IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (IEEE APWC) / URSI Electromagnetic Environment and Interference Symposium (EEIS) CY SEP 02-07, 2012 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Univ Stellenbosch, Politecnico Torino, IEEE Antennas & Propagat, URSI, Int Union Radio Sci, Ist Superiore Mario Boella Tecnologie Informazione & Telecomunicazioni, Torino Wireless Fdn, COREP, FEKO, CST, Square Kilometre Array (SKA), Reutech Radar Syst ID INFORMATION AB Compressive sensing theory is applied to reduce the amount of data needed for reconstructing an RCS pattern generated using computational electromagnetics software. The data is generated by the iterative physical optics method for a scale-model generic tank at X-band. It is shown that the number of samples needed is considerably lower than the Nyquist requirement if the RCS pattern may be represented in a sparse basis. Here, the sparse basis is the set of point scattering functions that represent the dominant scattering centers of the target. C1 [Burkholder, R. J.; O'Donnell, A. N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Coburn, W. O.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Reddy, C. J.] Appl EM Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Burkholder, RJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM burkholder.1@osu.edu; anodonne@gmail.com; william.o.coburn.civ@mail.mil; cjreddy@appliedem.com NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0335-4 PY 2012 BP 434 EP 437 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCJ98 UT WOS:000310356000086 ER PT S AU Brady, JJ Flanigan, PM Perez, JJ Judge, EJ Levis, RJ AF Brady, John J. Flanigan, Paul M. Perez, Johnny J. Judge, Elizabeth J. Levis, Robert J. BE Fountain, AW TI Multidimensional detection of explosives and explosive signatures via laser electrospray mass spectrometry SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE femtosecond; mass spectrometry; electrospray; vaporization; LEMS; nonresonant; laser; explosives; PCA; classification ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; MODE ESI-MS; TRACE DETECTION; POSITIVE MODE; IONIZATION; VAPORIZATION; ANIONS; REAGENTS; SURFACES; MACROMOLECULES AB Nitro- and inorganic-based energetic material is vaporized at atmospheric pressure using nonresonant, 70 femtosecond laser pulses prior to electrospray post-ionization and transfer into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mass analysis. Measurements of a nitro-based energetic molecule, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), adsorbed on metal and dielectric surfaces indicate nonresonant vaporization of intact molecules, demonstrating the universality of laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS) technique for explosives. In addition, RDX is analyzed at a distance of 2 meters to demonstrate the remote detection capability of LEMS. Finally, the analysis and multivariate statistical classification of inorganic-based explosives containing ammonium nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, black powder, and an organic-based explosive is presented, further expanding the capabilities of the LEMS technique for detection of energetic materials. C1 [Brady, John J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Levis, RJ (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Chem, 1901 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM rjlevis@temple.edu OI Judge, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2747-1326 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83580X DI 10.1117/12.919214 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700027 ER PT S AU Farrell, ME Holthoff, EL Pellegrino, PM AF Farrell, Mikella E. Holthoff, Ellen L. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Fountain, AW TI Next generation Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates for Hazard Detection SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SERS; sensor; chemical; biological; energetic; Raman; detection; ammonium nitrate ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; BACTERIAL-SPORES; HIGH EXPLOSIVES; UREA NITRATE; SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSENSORS; MECHANISMS AB Sensitive, accurate and reliable methods are needed for the detection and identification of hazardous materials (chemical, biological, and energetic) in the field. Utilizing such a sensing capability incorporated into a portable detection system would have wide spread beneficial impact to the U.S. military and first responder communities. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is increasingly becoming a reputable technique for the real-time, dynamic detection and identification of hazard materials. SERS is particularly advantageous as it does not suffer from interferences from water, requires little to no sample preparation, is robust and can be used in numerous environments, is relatively insensitive to the wavelength of excitation employed, and produces a narrow-band spectral signature unique to the molecular vibrations of the analyte. We will report on the characterization and sensing capabilities of these next generation SERS substrates for the detection of energetic materials (ammonium nitrate, TNT, PETN, and RDX). Additionally, new efforts producing highly uniform samples, with known concentrations of energetic materials inkjet printed onto the SERS sensing surface using a precisely calibrated MicroJet system will be shown. C1 [Farrell, Mikella E.; Holthoff, Ellen L.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Farrell, ME (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Hankus, Mikella/A-9005-2012 NR 82 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 835816 DI 10.1117/12.916425 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700033 ER PT S AU Holthoff, EL Pellegrino, PM AF Holthoff, Ellen L. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Fountain, AW TI Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Chemical Detection SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Photoacoustic spectroscopy; quantum cascade laser; solid-phase; depth profiling ID QUANTUM-CASCADE LASER; TRACE GAS-ANALYSIS; SENSOR; SOLIDS; CAVITY; CELL AB The Global War on Terror has made rapid detection and identification of chemical and biological agents a priority for Military and Homeland Defense applications. Reliable real-time detection of these threats is complicated by our enemy's use of a diverse range of materials. Therefore, an adaptable platform is necessary. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a useful monitoring technique that is well suited for trace detection of gaseous media. This method routinely exhibits detection limits at the parts-per-billion (ppb) or sub-ppb range. The versatility of PAS also allows for the investigation of solid and liquid analytes. Current research utilizes quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in combination with an air-coupled solid-phase photoacoustic cell design for the detection of condensed phase material films deposited on a surface. Furthermore, variation of the QCL pulse repetition rate allows for identification and molecular discrimination of analytes based solely on photoacoustic spectra collected at different film depths. C1 [Holthoff, Ellen L.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Holthoff, EL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83581I DI 10.1117/12.918120 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700043 ER PT S AU Holthoff, EL Farrell, ME Pellegrino, PM AF Holthoff, Ellen L. Farrell, Mikella E. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Fountain, AW TI Investigating a Drop-on-Demand Microdispenser for Standardized Sample Preparation SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Microdrop; drop-on-demand; inkjet printer AB The existing assortment of reference sample preparation methods presents a range of variability and reproducibility concerns, making it increasingly difficult to assess chemical detection technologies on a level playing field. We are investigating a drop-on-demand table-top printing platform which allows precise liquid sample deposition and is well suited for the preparation of uniform and reproducible reference materials. Current research focuses the development of a sample preparation protocol for explosive materials testing based on drop-on-demand technology. Device settings were determined for optimal droplet formation and velocity. Droplet mass and reproducibility were measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and a sensitive microbalance. The results presented here demonstrate the operational factors that influence droplet dispensing for specific materials (e.g. energetic and interferents). Understanding these parameters allows for the determination of droplet and sample uniformity and reproducibility (typical calibration goodness of fit R-2 values of 0.991, relative standard deviation or RSD <= 5%), and thus the demonstrated development of a successful and robust methodology for energetic sample preparation. C1 [Holthoff, Ellen L.; Farrell, Mikella E.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Holthoff, EL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Hankus, Mikella/A-9005-2012 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83580V DI 10.1117/12.918121 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700026 ER PT S AU Jabbour, RE Wade, M Deshpande, SV McCubbin, P Snyder, AP Bevilacqua, V AF Jabbour, Rabih E. Wade, Mary Deshpande, Samir V. McCubbin, Patrick Snyder, A. Peter Bevilacqua, Vicky BE Fountain, AW TI Novel Utilization of the Outer Membrane Proteins for the Identification and Differentiation of Pathogenic versus Nonpathogenic Microbial Strains using Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Approach SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Pathogens; Francisella tularensis; Burkholderia mallei; Detection; Identification; mass spectrometry; data analysis; bioinformatics ID LIPOPROTEIN; RELEASE AB Mass spectrometry based proteomic approaches are showing promising capabilities in addressing various biological and biochemical issues. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are often associated with virulence in gram-negative pathogens and could prove to be excellent model biomarkers for strain level differentiation among bacteria. Whole cells and OMP extracts were isolated from pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia thailandensis, and Burkholderia mallei. OMP extracts were compared for their ability to differentiate and delineate the correct database organism to an experimental sample and for the degree of dissimilarity to the nearest-neighbor database strains. This study addresses the comparative experimental proteome analyses of OMPs vs. whole cell lysates on the strain-level discrimination among gram negative pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. C1 [Jabbour, Rabih E.; Wade, Mary; Snyder, A. Peter; Bevilacqua, Vicky] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Deshpande, Samir V.] Sci & Technol Corp, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. [McCubbin, Patrick] Optimentr Inc, Abingdon, MD 21009 USA. RP Jabbour, RE (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 835809 DI 10.1117/12.921254 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700006 ER PT S AU Kogot, JM Sarkes, DA Stratis-Cullum, DN Pellegrino, PM AF Kogot, Joshua M. Sarkes, Deborah A. Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Fountain, AW TI Empirical methods for identifying specific peptide-protein interactions for smart reagent development SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE peptide ELISA; PS-tag; peptide affinity reagent; protective antigen; peptide capillary electrophoresis; immunoassay ID AFFINITY CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CELL-SURFACE DISPLAY; ELISA; POLYSTYRENE; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES; LIBRARIES; FUSION; PHAGE AB The current state of the art in the development of antibody alternatives is fraught with difficulties including mass production, robustness, and overall cost of production. The isolation of synthetic alternatives using peptide libraries offers great potential for recognition elements that are more stable and have improved binding affinity and target specificity. Although recent advances in rapid and automated discovery and synthetic library engineering continue to show promise for this emerging science, there remains a critical need for an improved fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of recognition. To better understand the fundamental mechanisms of binding, it is critical to be able to accurately assess binding between peptide reagents and protein targets. The development of empirical methods to analyze peptide-protein interactions is often overlooked, since it is often assumed that peptides can easily substitute for antibodies in antibody-derived immunoassays. The physico-chemical difference between peptides and antibodies represents a major challenge for developing peptides in standard immunoassays as capture or detection reagents. Analysis of peptide presents a unique challenge since the peptide has to be soluble, must be capable of target recognition, and capable of ELISA plate or SPR chip binding. Incorporating a plate-binding, hydrophilic peptide fusion (PS-tag) improves both the solubility and plate binding capability in a direct peptide ELISA format. Secondly, a solution based methods, affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) method is presented as a solution-based, affinity determination method that can be used for determining both the association constants and binding kinetics. C1 [Kogot, Joshua M.; Sarkes, Deborah A.; Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Kogot, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RI Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra/F-9363-2013 OI Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra/0000-0002-4832-6945 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83580H DI 10.1117/12.918759 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700013 ER PT S AU Paterno, D AF Paterno, Dorothea BE Fountain, AW TI Ambient background particulate composition, outdoor natural background: interferents/clutter SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ambient background; biological aerosols; bacteria; pollen; mold; particulate; clutter; interferents; BW detectors ID CLOUD-WATER; BACTERIA; AIR; MICROORGANISMS; DOME; PUY AB It has proven a very difficult task to discriminate an actual BW threat from the natural occurring ambient particulate aerosol, which includes a significant fraction of particles consisting of mixed mineral and biological material. The interferent particles [clutter] (bio and non bio) concentration varies widely both by location, weather and season and diurnally. Naturally occurring background particulates are composed of fungal and bacterial spores both fragments and components, plant fragments and debris, animal fragments and debris, all of which may be associated with inert dust or combustion material. Some or all of which could also be considered to be an interferent to a biological warfare detector and cause these biodector systems to cause False Alarms by non specific BW bio detectors. I will share analysis of current long term background data sets. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Paterno, D (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM dorothea.a.paterno.civ@mail.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 835804 DI 10.1117/12.918339 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700002 ER PT S AU Pearson, JT Herron, JP Marshall, MS AF Pearson, James T. Herron, Joshua P. Marshall, Martin S. BE Fountain, AW TI Remote sensing and field test capabilities at US Army Dugway Proving Ground SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE remote sensing; standoff detection; chemical; biological; light detection and ranging (lidar); spectroscopy AB U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is a Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) with the mission of testing chemical and biological defense systems and materials. DPG facilities include state-of-the-art laboratories, extensive test grids, controlled environment calibration facilities, and a variety of referee instruments for required test measurements. Among these referee instruments, DPG has built up a significant remote sensing capability for both chemical and biological detection. Technologies employed for remote sensing include FTIR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, Raman-shifted eye-safe lidar, and other elastic backscatter lidar systems. These systems provide referee data for bio-simulants, chemical simulants, toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), and toxic industrial materials (TIMs). In order to realize a successful large scale open-air test, each type of system requires calibration and characterization. DPG has developed specific calibration facilities to meet this need. These facilities are the Joint Ambient Breeze Tunnel (JABT), and the Active Standoff Chamber (ASC). The JABT and ASC are open ended controlled environment tunnels. Each includes validation instrumentation to characterize simulants that are disseminated. Standoff systems are positioned at typical field test distances to measure characterized simulants within the tunnel. Data from different types of systems can be easily correlated using this method, making later open air test results more meaningful. DPG has a variety of large scale test grids available for field tests. After and during testing, data from the various referee instruments is provided in a visual format to more easily draw conclusions on the results. This presentation provides an overview of DPG's standoff testing facilities and capabilities, as well as example data from different test scenarios. C1 [Pearson, James T.; Herron, Joshua P.; Marshall, Martin S.] USA, Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Pearson, JT (reprint author), USA, Dugway Proving Ground, 4119 1st St, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83580C DI 10.1117/12.911846 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700009 ER PT S AU Pennington, JM Kogot, JM Sarkes, DA Pellegrino, PM Stratis-Cullum, DN AF Pennington, Joseph M. Kogot, Joshua M. Sarkes, Deborah A. Pellegrino, Paul M. Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N. BE Fountain, AW TI Isolation and characterization of anti-SEB peptides using magnetic sorting and bacterial peptide display library technology SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE peptide; SEB; synthetic recognition element; magnetic sorting; affinity reagent; bacterial display ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B AB Peptide display libraries offer an alternative method to existing antibody development methods enabling rapid isolation of highly stable reagents for detection of new and emerging biological threats. Bacterial display libraries are used to isolate new peptide reagents within 1 week, which is simpler and timelier than using competing display library technology based on phage or yeast. Using magnetic sorting methods, we have isolated peptide reagents with high affinity and specificity to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a suspected food pathogen. Flow cytometry methods were used for on-cell characterization and the binding affinity (K-d) of this new peptide reagent was determined to be 56 nm with minimal cross-reactivity to other proteins. These results demonstrated that magnetic sorting for new reagents using bacterial display libraries is a rapid and effective method and has the potential for current and new and emerging food pathogen targets. C1 [Pennington, Joseph M.; Kogot, Joshua M.; Sarkes, Deborah A.; Pellegrino, Paul M.; Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pennington, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra/F-9363-2013 OI Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra/0000-0002-4832-6945 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83581Z DI 10.1117/12.919778 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700057 ER PT S AU Sellers, M Hurley, MM AF Sellers, Michael Hurley, Margaret M. BE Fountain, AW TI In Silico Design of Smart Binders to Anthrax PA SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE flexible docking; anthrax; binding affinity; peptide binder; in silico design ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DOMAIN 4; BINDING; DOCKING; RECEPTOR; NAMD AB The development of smart peptide binders requires an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of recognition which has remained an elusive grail of the research community for decades. Recent advances in automated discovery and synthetic library science provide a wealth of information to probe fundamental details of binding and facilitate the development of improved models for a priori prediction of affinity and specificity. Here we present the modeling portion of an iterative experimental/computational study to produce high affinity peptide binders to the Protective Antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis. The result is a general usage, HPC-oriented, python-based toolkit based upon powerful third-party freeware, which is designed to provide a better understanding of peptide-protein interactions and ultimately predict and measure new smart peptide binder candidates. We present an improved simulation protocol with flexible peptide docking to the Anthrax Protective Antigen, reported within the context of experimental data presented in a companion work. C1 [Sellers, Michael; Hurley, Margaret M.] USA, Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sellers, M (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Michael.s.sellers9.ctr@mail.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 835807 DI 10.1117/12.918424 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700005 ER PT S AU Stratis-Cullum, DN Kogot, JM Sellers, MS Hurley, MM Sarkes, DA Pennington, JM Val-Addo, I Adams, BL Warner, CR Carney, JP Brown, RL Pellegrino, PM AF Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N. Kogot, Joshua M. Sellers, Michael S. Hurley, Margaret M. Sarkes, Deborah A. Pennington, Joseph M. Val-Addo, Irene Adams, Bryn L. Warner, Candice R. Carney, James P. Brown, Rebecca L. Pellegrino, Paul M. BE Fountain, AW TI Development of bacterial display peptides for use in biosensing applications SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII CY APR 24-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE peptide; synthetic reagent; affinity reagent; bacterial display; multi-scale modeling; docking; protective antigen; SEB; biosensing AB Recent advances in synthetic library engineering continue to show promise for the rapid production of reagent technology in response to biological threats. A synthetic library of peptide mutants built off a bacterial host offers a convenient means to link the peptide sequence, (i.e., identity of individual library members) with the desired molecular recognition traits, but also allows for a relatively simple protocol, amenable to automation. An improved understanding of the mechanisms of recognition and control of synthetic reagent isolation and evolution remain critical to success. In this paper, we describe our approach to development of peptide affinity reagents based on peptide bacterial display technology with improved control of binding interactions for stringent evolution of reagent candidates, and tailored performance capabilities. There are four key elements to the peptide affinity reagent program including: (1) the diverse bacterial library technology, (2) advanced reagent screening amenable to laboratory automation and control, (3) iterative characterization and feedback on both affinity and specificity of the molecular interactions, and (3) integrated multi-scale computational prescreening of candidate peptide ligands including in silico prediction of improved binding performance. Specific results on peptides binders to Protective Antigen (PA) protein of Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) will be presented. Recent highlights of on cell vs. off-cell affinity behavior and correlation of the results with advanced docking simulations on the protein-peptide system(s) are included. The potential of this technology and approach to enable rapid development of a new affinity reagent with unprecedented speed (less than one week) would allow for rapid response to new and constantly emerging threats. C1 [Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra N.; Kogot, Joshua M.; Sellers, Michael S.; Hurley, Margaret M.; Sarkes, Deborah A.; Pennington, Joseph M.; Val-Addo, Irene; Adams, Bryn L.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Warner, Candice R.; Carney, James P.; Brown, Rebecca L.] US Army, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Stratis-Cullum, DN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RI Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra/F-9363-2013 OI Stratis-Cullum, Dimitra/0000-0002-4832-6945 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense [BRCALL08-Per3-P-2-0028]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory; Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX This project receives support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (Grant no. BRCALL08-Per3-P-2-0028). Research is also supported in part by appointments to the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program administered by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. NAMD was developed by the Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Images were generated using VMD. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9036-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8358 AR 83580A DI 10.1117/12.919782 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBY46 UT WOS:000308737700007 ER PT J AU Hohenegger, C Alali, B Steffen, KR Perovich, DK Golden, KM AF Hohenegger, C. Alali, B. Steffen, K. R. Perovich, D. K. Golden, K. M. TI Transition in the fractal geometry of Arctic melt ponds SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; SUMMER AB During the Arctic melt season, the sea ice surface undergoes a remarkable transformation from vast expanses of snow covered ice to complex mosaics of ice and melt ponds. Sea ice albedo, a key parameter in climate modeling, is determined by the complex evolution of melt pond configurations. In fact, ice-albedo feedback has played a major role in the recent declines of the summer Arctic sea ice pack. However, understanding melt pond evolution remains a significant challenge to improving climate projections. By analyzing area-perimeter data from hundreds of thousands of melt ponds, we find here an unexpected separation of scales, where pond fractal dimension D transitions from 1 to 2 around a critical length scale of 100 m(2) in area. Pond complexity increases rapidly through the transition as smaller ponds coalesce to form large connected regions, and reaches a maximum for ponds larger than 1000 m(2), whose boundaries resemble space-filling curves, with D approximate to 2. These universal features of Arctic melt pond evolution are similar to phase transitions in statistical physics. The results impact sea ice albedo, the transmitted radiation fields under melting sea ice, the heat balance of sea ice and the upper ocean, and biological productivity such as under ice phytoplankton blooms. C1 [Hohenegger, C.; Alali, B.; Steffen, K. R.; Golden, K. M.] Univ Utah, Dept Math, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Perovich, D. K.] ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Perovich, D. K.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Golden, KM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Math, 155 S 1400 E,RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM golden@math.utah.edu FU Division of Mathematical Sciences (DMS); Arctic Natural Sciences (ARC) Program; Office of Polar Programs (OPP) at the US National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Program through an NSF VIGRE grant; University of Utah; NSF; Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute at the University of Utah FX We are grateful for the support provided by the Division of Mathematical Sciences (DMS), the Arctic Natural Sciences (ARC) Program, and the Office of Polar Programs (OPP) at the US National Science Foundation (NSF). Kyle Steffen was supported by the NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Program through an NSF VIGRE grant to the Mathematics Department at the University of Utah, and a Global Change and Ecosystem Center Graduate Fellowship from the University of Utah. Bacim Alali was supported by an NSF Lorenz Postoctoral Fellowship in Mathematics of Climate and by the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute at the University of Utah. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2012 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1162 DI 10.5194/tc-6-1157-2012 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 028ZW UT WOS:000310465500016 ER PT J AU Tambov, KV Voevodina, IV Manaev, AV Ivanenkov, YA Neamati, N Traven, VF AF Tambov, K. V. Voevodina, I. V. Manaev, A. V. Ivanenkov, Ya A. Neamati, N. Traven, V. F. TI Structures and biological activity of cinnamoyl derivatives of coumarins and dehydroacetic acid and their boron difluoride complexes SO RUSSIAN CHEMICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE coumarin derivatives; cytotoxicity; biological activity; boron difluoride complexes; dehydroacetic acid derivatives ID HIV-1 INTEGRASE INHIBITORS; DISCOVERY; DYES; PHARMACOPHORE; UPDATE AB Computer-assisted screening for Kohonen self-organizing maps in terms of the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model revealed the high potential activity of cinnamoyl derivatives of coumarin and dehydroacetic acid and their boron difluoride complexes against a number of biological targets, including HIV-1 integrase. The pronounced inhibitory properties of dehydroacetic acid derivatives and their boron difluoride complexes against HIV-1 integrase were experimentally confirmed by in vitro testing of their antiviral activity with respect to HIV-infected cells. The data obtained suggests a correlation between the structure of the compounds studied and their biological activity. C1 [Tambov, K. V.; Voevodina, I. V.; Manaev, A. V.; Traven, V. F.] DI Mendeleyev Univ Chem Technol Russia, Moscow 125047, Russia. [Ivanenkov, Ya A.] Chem Divers Res Inst, Chimki 141400, Moscow Region, Russia. [Neamati, N.] Univ So Calif, Coll Pharm, USA, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Traven, VF (reprint author), DI Mendeleyev Univ Chem Technol Russia, 9 Miusskaya Pl, Moscow 125047, Russia. EM chemrar@chemrar.ru; neamati@usc.edu; traven@muctr.ru RI Ivanenkov, Yan/B-3653-2014; Traven, Valery/R-7189-2016 OI Traven, Valery/0000-0002-2204-7438 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1066-5285 J9 RUSS CHEM B+ JI Russ. Chem. Bull. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s11172-012-0012-y PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 029BO UT WOS:000310470000012 ER PT S AU Brimfield, AA AF Brimfield, A. A. BE Hodgson, E TI Chemicals of Military Deployments: Revisiting Gulf War Syndrome in Light of New Information SO TOXICOLOGY AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS SE Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SULFUR MUSTARD; THIODIGLYCOL 2,2'-THIOBIS-ETHANOL; LIVER MICROSOMES; METABOLISM; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; RAT; CHLORPYRIFOS; MECHANISM; N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE; IDENTIFICATION AB Despite the amount of hard work that has gone into elucidating a toxicological basis for Gulf War Illness, we do not appear to have reached a mechanistic understanding. Investigation of long-term low-level exposure as a basis does not seem to have provided an answer. Nor does the deployment-related toxic soup idea, where exposure to a mixture of toxic chemicals not usually encountered in the same physical vicinity, seems to have explained the symptoms developed by Gulf War Veterans. The idea that an overabundance of CNS acetylcholine leftover from excessive cholinesterase inhibition is at the basis of this syndrome is intellectually appealing and offers a level of neurochemical complexity that may be just beyond the reach of our technical understanding. But no one has yet assembled a coherent mechanism from it either. It seems reasonable that chemical warfare agents were involved. They were not included in early work because it was felt that the toxicant plumes produced during the destruction of stockpiled Iraqi chemical weapons had not been large enough to cause an exposure of US forces and those of our allies. That misconception was disproven, and it is now accepted that people could very well have been exposed to low levels of massive quantities of sarin, cyclosarin, and sulfur mustard. It also seems reasonable that excess acetylcholine or neurological consequences of its presence that we do not fully understand were involved. The combination of nerve agents and the insecticidal anti-cholinesterases plus the pyridostigmine bromide given prophylactically were probably sufficient to cause the problem. However, the most notable thing is the result of recent work on the toxic mechanism of sulfur mustard showing that it can inhibit the microsomal electron transport chain as a result of sulfonium ion reduction to carbon free radicals by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. This information was not available during the work on Gulf War Illness. So this provides an opportunity to discuss the effects of the general inhibition of the cytochrome P450 system superimposed on the conditions encountered by the participants in Desert Storm and Desert Shield as an approach to the toxicology of mixtures. C1 US Army, Div Res, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Brimfield, AA (reprint author), US Army, Div Res, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1877-1173 BN 978-0-12-415813-9 J9 PROG MOL BIOL TRANSL JI Prog. Molec. Biol. Transl. Sci. PY 2012 VL 112 BP 209 EP 230 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415813-9.00007-6 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA BCI72 UT WOS:000310250200007 PM 22974741 ER PT S AU Brooks, BW Berninger, JP Kristofco, LA Ramirez, AJ Stanley, JK Valenti, TW AF Brooks, Bryan W. Berninger, Jason P. Kristofco, Lauren A. Ramirez, Alejandro J. Stanley, Jacob K. Valenti, Theodore W. BE Hodgson, E TI Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Lessons Learned for Reducing Uncertainties in Environmental Risk Assessment SO TOXICOLOGY AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS SE Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; RATIONAL MOLECULAR DESIGN; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC TOXICITY; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES AB Pharmaceuticals in the environment are often present at trace levels (e.g., ng/L) in surface waters and effluents of developed countries, yet represent contaminants of emerging concern. Attributes of many of these substances, such as potency, chirality, and ionization, present challenges to historical environmental risk assessment and management paradigms. In this chapter, we critically examine several important aspects of pharmaceuticals, specifically highlighting some of the lessons we have learned from studying these substances in the environment over the past 15 years. We submit that incorporating such "lessons learned" during environmental risk assessments promises to reduce uncertainties and support more sustainable management efforts. C1 [Brooks, Bryan W.; Kristofco, Lauren A.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Berninger, Jason P.; Valenti, Theodore W.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. [Ramirez, Alejandro J.] Baylor Univ, Mass Spectrometry Core Facil, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Stanley, Jacob K.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Brooks, BW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Berninger, Jason/O-2401-2016 OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Berninger, Jason/0000-0003-3045-7899 NR 123 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1877-1173 BN 978-0-12-415813-9 J9 PROG MOL BIOL TRANSL JI Prog. Molec. Biol. Transl. Sci. PY 2012 VL 112 BP 231 EP 258 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415813-9.00008-8 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA BCI72 UT WOS:000310250200008 PM 22974742 ER PT S AU Eller, PR Cheng, JRC Maier, RS AF Eller, Paul R. Cheng, Jing-Ru C. Maier, Robert S. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Linear Solver Selection for Transient Simulations Using Machine Learning on Distributed Systems SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops and PhD Forum-IPDPSW LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE machine learning; linear solvers; finite element; ADH; WEKA AB Many transient simulations spend a significant portion of the overall runtime solving a linear system. A wide variety of preconditioned linear solvers have been developed to quickly and accurately solve different types of linear systems, each having options to customize the preconditioned solver for a given linear system. Transient simulations may produce significantly different linear systems as the simulation progresses due to special events occurring that make the linear systems more difficult to solve or the model moving closer to a state of equilibrium where the linear systems are easier to solve. Machine learning algorithms provide the ability to dynamically select the preconditioned linear solver for each linear system produced by a simulation. We can generate databases by computing attributes for each linear system, physical attributes for the transient simulation, computational attributes, and running times for a set of preconditioned solvers on each linear system. Machine learning algorithms can then use these databases to generate classifiers capable of dynamically selecting a preconditioned solver for each linear system given a set of attributes. This allows us to quickly and accurately compute each transient simulation using different preconditioned solvers throughout the simulation. This also provides the potential to produce speedups in comparison with using a single preconditioned solver for an entire transient simulation. C1 [Eller, Paul R.; Cheng, Jing-Ru C.; Maier, Robert S.] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Eller, PR (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Paul.R.Eller@usace.army.mil; Ruth.C.Cheng@usace.army.mil; Robert.S.Maier@usace.army.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 1915 EP 1924 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.239 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400246 ER PT S AU Vashist, A Izmailov, R Manousakis, K Chadha, R Chiang, CJ Serban, C Ali, SE AF Vashist, Akshay Izmailov, Rauf Manousakis, Kyriakos Chadha, Ritu Chiang, C. Jason Serban, Constantin Ali, Syeed E. BE DeTurck, F Gaspary, LP Medhi, D TI Towards Network Invariant Fault Diagnosis in MANETs via Statistical Modeling: The Global Strength of Local Weak Decisions SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS) SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium CY APR 16-20, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc DE fault detection; fault localization; MANETs; local fault indicators; global fault detection; supervised learning ID AD-HOC NETWORKS AB Due to its obvious importance, fault detection and localization is a well-studied problem in communication networks, as attested by the many techniques designed to address this problem. The inherent variability, limited component reliability, and constrained resources of MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) make the problem not just more important, but also critical. Practical development and deployment considerations imply that fault detection and localization methods must i) avoid relying on overly detailed models of network protocols and traffic assumptions and instead rely on actual cross-layer measurements/observations, and ii) be applicable across different network scales and topologies with minimum adjustments. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of such goals, and proposes an important and as yet unexplored approach to fault management in MANETs: network-invariant fault detection, localization and diagnosis with limited knowledge of the underlying network and traffic models. We show how fault management methods can be derived by observing statistical network/traffic measurements in one network, and subsequently applied to other networks with satisfactory performance. We demonstrate that a carefully designed but widely applicable set of local and weak global indicators of faults can be efficiently aggregated to produce highly sensitive and specific methods that perform well when applied to MANETs with varying sizes, topologies, and traffic matrices. C1 [Vashist, Akshay; Izmailov, Rauf; Manousakis, Kyriakos; Chadha, Ritu; Chiang, C. Jason; Serban, Constantin] Knowledge Based Syst Dept, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ali, Syeed E.] US Army, CERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Vashist, A (reprint author), Knowledge Based Syst Dept, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU U.S. Army Communications Electronics Research and Development Engineering Center (CERDEC) [W15P7T-09-C-S634] FX The research reported in this document/presentation was performed in connection with prime contract number W15P7T-09-C-S634 with the U.S. Army Communications Electronics Research and Development Engineering Center (CERDEC). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as presenting the official policies or position, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army CERDEC, or the U.S. Government unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturer's or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1542-1201 BN 978-1-4673-0268-5 J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER PY 2012 BP 981 EP 987 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCA90 UT WOS:000309517000142 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, S Raghavan, KR Srivastava, MB Bisdikian, C Kaplan, LM AF Chakraborty, Supriyo Raghavan, Kasturi Rangan Srivastava, Mani B. Bisdikian, Chatschik Kaplan, Lance M. GP IEEE TI AN OBFUSCATION FRAMEWORK FOR CONTROLLING VALUE OF INFORMATION DURING SHARING SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE Privacy; Value of Information; Utility; Feature Sharing; Mutual Information AB Sensory information is characterized by its inherent quality and context-specific value. It is thus natural that the information provider would want to exercise control over the information shared based on her perception of the risk of possible misuse due to sharing and also depending on the consumer requirements. To attain this utility vs. risk trade-off, information is subjected to varying but deliberate quality modifying transformations which we term as obfuscation. In this paper, treating privacy as the primary motivation for information control, we highlight initial considerations of using feature sharing as an obfuscation mechanism to control the inferences possible from shared sensory data. We provide results from an activity tracking scenario to illustrate the use of feature selection in identifying the various trade-off points. C1 [Chakraborty, Supriyo; Raghavan, Kasturi Rangan; Srivastava, Mani B.; Bisdikian, Chatschik] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bisdikian, Chatschik] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Armonk, NY USA. [Kaplan, Lance M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chakraborty, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.K. Ministry of Defense [W911NF-063-0001]; NSF [0910706] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.K. Ministry of Defense under Agreement Number W911NF-063-0001 and by the NSF under award #0910706. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. Government, the U.K. Ministry of Defense or the U.K. Government or the NSF. The U.S. and U.K. Governments are authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200040 ER PT J AU Moore, TJ Sadler, BM AF Moore, Terrence J. Sadler, Brian M. GP IEEE TI THE VALUE OF INFORMATION IN CONSTRAINED PARAMETRIC MODELS SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE CRB; CCRB; Fisher information; parametric models; equality constraints; value of information ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION AB We consider the value of information introduced through constraints on the parameters, by showing the Fisher information gain and the resulting Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) reduction. In doing so, we show that the constrained CRB (CCRB) can be found by a transformation of parameters or a projection onto the tangent of the constraint space. Finally, we determine the characteristics of optimal constraints that minimize the trace of the CCRB, thereby attaining the lowest bound on the sum of mean-square errors of unbiased estimators. C1 [Moore, Terrence J.; Sadler, Brian M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Moore, TJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200074 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Wang, WY Wang, C AF Lu, Zhuo Wang, Wenye Wang, Cliff GP IEEE TI Hiding Traffic with Camouflage: Minimizing Message Delay in the Smart Grid under Jamming SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY MAR 25-30, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB The smart grid is an emerging cyber-physical system that integrates power infrastructures with information technologies. In the smart grid, wireless networks have been proposed for efficient communications. However, the jamming attack that broadcasts radio interference is a primary security threat to prevent the deployment of wireless networks. Hence, spread spectrum systems with jamming resilience must be adapted to the smart grid to secure wireless communications. There have been extensive works on designing spread spectrum schemes to achieve feasible communication under jamming attacks. Nevertheless, an open question in the smart grid is how to minimize message delay for timely communication in power applications. In this paper, we address this problem in a wireless network with spread spectrum systems for the smart grid. By defining a generic jamming process that characterizes a wide range of existing jamming models, we show that the worst-case message delay is a U-shaped function of network traffic load. This indicates that, interestingly, increasing a fair amount of redundant traffic, called camouflage, can improve the worst-case delay performance. We demonstrate via experiments that transmitting camouflage traffic can decrease the probability that a message is not delivered on time in order of magnitude for smart grid applications. C1 [Lu, Zhuo; Wang, Wenye] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Wang, Cliff] Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM zlu3@ncsu.edu; wwang@ncsu.edu; cliff.wang@us.army.mil FU ARO [53435-CS-SR]; NSF [CNS-0546289] FX The work is sponsored by ARO under Grant Number 53435-CS-SR and NSF Career Award CNS-0546289. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0775-8 PY 2012 BP 3066 EP 3070 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBZ88 UT WOS:000309279503028 ER PT J AU Echemendia, RJ Bruce, JM Bailey, CM Sanders, JF Arnett, P Vargas, G AF Echemendia, Ruben J. Bruce, Jared M. Bailey, Christopher M. Sanders, James Forrest Arnett, Peter Vargas, Gray TI The Utility of Post-Concussion Neuropsychological Data in Identifying Cognitive Change Following Sports-Related MTBI in the Absence of Baseline Data SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Concussion; MTBI; Neuropsychological testing; Baseline evaluation ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; IMPACT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; ENCEPHALOPATHY; REGRESSION; DEFICITS AB Neuropsychological tests have become commonplace in the assessment of sports-related concussion. Typically, post-injury test data are compared to pre-injury "baselines.'' Baseline testing can be expensive and logistically challenging, yet the usefulness of neuropsychological baseline testing has not been tested empirically. This paper examines the extent to which baseline testing is useful for detecting neurocognitive deficits following sports concussion in a college-age population. A total of 223 collegiate athletes from multiple sports who sustained concussions and had both baseline and post-injury testing using Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) were included in the study. Reliable change (RC) in scores was determined by two approaches, the Jacobson and Truax (JT) and the Gulliksen-Lord-Novick (GLN) methods. The 90% confidence interval was used for both. Classification using these methods was compared to standard normative methods that compared post-concussion performance to baseline population means. Agreement between reliable change and normative methods was examined using Cohen's Kappa scores to determine whether post-injury scores alone could identify reliable cognitive decline. Mean time from concussion to post-injury testing was 3.40 days. The percentage of athletes who declined when using the JT method was similar to the percentage that would be expected to decline due to chance alone. Although the GLN and JT methods demonstrated moderate to substantial agreement, the GLN method consistently identified more cognitively compromised athletes than the JT method. Post-injury scores alone identified a significant majority of athletes with a reliable decline on ImPACT. Although preliminary and in need of replication across age groups and instruments, these findings suggest that the majority of collegiate athletes who experience clinically meaningful post-concussion cognitive decline can be identified without baseline data. C1 [Echemendia, Ruben J.] Psychol & Neurobehav Associates, State Coll, PA USA. [Echemendia, Ruben J.; Bruce, Jared M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Bailey, Christopher M.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Neurol Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sanders, James Forrest] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Arnett, Peter; Vargas, Gray] Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Echemendia, RJ (reprint author), 204 E Calder Way,Ste 205, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. EM rechemendia@comcast.net OI Echemendia, Ruben/0000-0001-6116-8462 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1385-4046 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1077 EP 1091 DI 10.1080/13854046.2012.721006 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 027DE UT WOS:000310331200002 PM 23003560 ER PT J AU Benigni, M Furrer, R AF Benigni, Matthew Furrer, Reinhard TI Spatio-temporal improvised explosive device monitoring: improving detection to minimise attacks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE periodic spatio-temporal cluster; linear referencing; Poisson process; risk; intensity function ID SPATIAL POINT PATTERNS; NETWORK AB The improvised explosive device (IED) is a weapon of strategic influence on today's battlefield. IED detonations occur predominantly on roads, footpaths, or trails. Therefore, locations are best described when constrained to the road network, and some spaces on the network are more dangerous at specific times of the day. We propose a statistical model that reduces the spatial location to one dimension and uses a cyclic time as a second dimension. Based on the Poisson process methodology, we develop normalised, inhomogeneous, bivariate intensity functions measuring the threat of attack to support resourcing decisions. A simulation and an analysis of attacks on a main supply route in Baghdad are given to illustrate the proposed methods. Additionally, we provide an overview of the growing demand for the analysis efforts in support of operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, and provide an extensive literature review of developments in counter-IED analysis. C1 [Benigni, Matthew] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Furrer, Reinhard] Univ Zurich, Inst Math, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Benigni, M (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, Thayer Hall, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM matthew.benigni@us.army.mil RI Furrer, Reinhard/A-4580-2011 OI Furrer, Reinhard/0000-0002-6319-2332 FU JIEDDO FX We thank the editor, as well as Colonel Clark Heidelbaugh and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the manuscript. We would also like to thank JIEDDO for their support of this research effort and the spirit of collaboration they have facilitated in this important field. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2493 EP 2508 DI 10.1080/02664763.2012.719222 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 018XQ UT WOS:000309701600012 ER PT J AU Glantz, D AF Glantz, David BE Marble, S TI Soviet Use of "Substandard" Manpower in the Red Army, 1941-1945 SO SCRAPING THE BARREL: THE MILITARY USE OF SUBSTANDARD MANPOWER, 1860-1960 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Glantz, David] USA, Soviet Later Foreign Mil Studies Off FMSO, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FORDHAM UNIV PRESS PI BRONX PA UNIV BOX L, BRONX, NY 10458 USA BN 978-0-8232-3977-1 PY 2012 BP 151 EP 178 PG 28 WC History SC History GA BCE64 UT WOS:000309974700008 ER PT J AU Wooten, NR AF Wooten, Nikki R. TI Deployment Cycle Stressors and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Army National Guard Women: The Mediating Effect of Resilience SO SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE deployment stressors; posttraumatic stress; Army National Guard; military women; mediation; veterans; resilience ID GULF-WAR-I; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; MALE VIETNAM VETERANS; CONNOR-DAVIDSON RESILIENCE; SCALE CD-RISC; IRAQI-FREEDOM; MILITARY PERSONNEL; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SUBTHRESHOLD PTSD; SOCIAL SUPPORT AB This study examined the associations between deployment cycle stressors, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and resilience in Army National Guard (ARNG) women deployed to Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Resilience was also tested as a mediator. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that deployment and post-deployment stressors were positively associated, and resilience was negatively associated with PTSS. Resilience fully mediated the association between post-deployment stressors and PTSS. Findings suggest assessing deployment and post-deployment stressors in ARNG women may be helpful in identifying those at risk for severe PTSS; and highlight the potential of individual-level resilient characteristics in mitigating the adverse impact of post-deployment stressors. C1 [Wooten, Nikki R.] Boston Univ, Sch Social Work, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wooten, Nikki R.] USA, Dist Columbia Natl Guard, Washington, DC USA. RP Wooten, NR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Social Work, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM nwooten@bu.edu RI Schueter, nicos/A-3625-2014; OI Wooten, Nikki/0000-0002-6319-8224 NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0098-1389 J9 SOC WORK HEALTH CARE JI Soc. Work Health Care PY 2012 VL 51 IS 9 BP 828 EP 849 DI 10.1080/00981389.2012.692353 PG 22 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 024TC UT WOS:000310130500005 PM 23078014 ER PT J AU Muralidharan, P Vasileska, D Wijewarnasuriya, PS AF Muralidharan, Pradyumna Vasileska, Dragica Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal S. GP IEEE TI Modeling of HgCdTe Photodetectors in the LWIR region SO 2012 15TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS (IWCE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE) CY MAY 22-25, 2012 CL Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Coll Engn, Madison, WI SP NSF, Quantum Wise, Springer, IEEE, Electron Device Soc (EDS), APS Phys, Div Computat Phys HO Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Coll Engn DE Infrared detectors; II - VI Semiconductor materials; Tunneling AB We have developed a computer program that simulates the electrical characteristics of a p(+) - n HgCdTe photodetector. Using solutions to the Poisson and Continuity equations we investigate low temperature behavior to determine optimum working conditions to enhance detectivity. Our model considers complete Fermi - Dirac statistics, major recombination mechanisms, band to band tunneling, trap assisted tunneling and impact ionization. Device performance was analyzed as a function of doping and temperature. Simulations show detectivity > 10(11) Jones at 77 K for (HgCdTe)-Cd-0.78-Te-0.22. C1 [Muralidharan, Pradyumna; Vasileska, Dragica] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal S.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Muralidharan, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0705-5 PY 2012 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCC48 UT WOS:000309721800035 ER PT S AU Twigg, JN Fink, JR Yu, PL Sadler, BM AF Twigg, Jeffrey N. Fink, Jonathan R. Yu, Paul L. Sadler, Brian M. GP IEEE TI RSS Gradient-Assisted Frontier Exploration and Radio Source Localization SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 14-18, 2012 CL St Paul, MN SP IEEE AB We consider the combined problem of frontier exploration in a complex indoor environment while seeking a radio source. To do this in an efficient manner, we incorporate radio signal strength (RSS) information into the exploration algorithm by locally sampling the RSS and estimating the 2-D RSS gradient. The algorithm exploits the local motion to collect RSS samples for gradient estimation and seeks to explore in a way that brings the robot to the signal source. This strategy avoids random or exhaustive exploration. An indoor experiment demonstrates the exploration algorithm that uses this information to dynamically prioritize candidate frontiers and traverse to a radio source. Simulations, including radio propagation modeling with a ray-tracing algorithm, enable study of control algorithm tradeoffs and statistical performance. C1 [Twigg, Jeffrey N.; Fink, Jonathan R.; Yu, Paul L.; Sadler, Brian M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Twigg, JN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4673-1405-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2012 BP 889 EP 895 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BCA25 UT WOS:000309406700132 ER PT S AU Fink, J Ribeiro, A Kumar, V AF Fink, Jonathan Ribeiro, Alejandro Kumar, Vijay GP IEEE TI Motion Planning for Robust Wireless Networking SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 14-18, 2012 CL St Paul, MN SP IEEE AB We propose an architecture and algorithms for maintaining end-to-end network connectivity for autonomous teams of robots. By adopting stochastic models of point-to-point wireless communication and computing robust solutions to the network routing problem, we ensure reliable connectivity during robot movement in complex environments. We fully integrate the solution to network routing with the choice of node positions through the use of randomized motion planning techniques. Experiments demonstrate that our method succeeds in navigating a complex environment while ensuring that end-to-end communication rates meet or exceed prescribed values within a target failure tolerance. C1 [Fink, Jonathan] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Fink, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM jonathan.r.fink3.civ@mail.mil; aribeiro@seas.upenn.edu; kumar@seas.upenn.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4673-1405-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2012 BP 2419 EP 2426 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BCA25 UT WOS:000309406702065 ER PT S AU Kessens, CC Smith, DC Osteen, PR AF Kessens, Chad C. Smith, Daniel C. Osteen, Philip R. GP IEEE TI A Framework for Autonomous Self-Righting of a Generic Robot on Sloped Planar Surfaces SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 14-18, 2012 CL St Paul, MN SP IEEE AB Increasingly, robots are being applied to challenges in dynamic, unstructured environments including urban search and rescue (USAR), planetary exploration, and military missions. During the execution of these missions, the robot may unintentionally tip over, rendering it unable to move normally. The ability to self-right and recover in such situations is crucial to mission completion and safe robot recovery. However, to date, nearly all self-righting solutions have been point solutions, each designed for a specific platform. As a first step toward a generic solution, this paper presents a framework for analyzing the self-righting capabilities of any generic robot on sloped planar surfaces. Based on the planar assumption, interactions with the ground can be defined entirely in terms of the robot's convex hull. Motion of arms, legs, or other appendages may change the convex hull shape and/or center of mass position, affecting the robot's orientation. Our framework for solving this problem can be summarized as follows: first, for each stable conformation, we analyze the position of the center of mass relative to the vertical projection of the convex hull face in contact with the ground. From this, we develop a conformation space map, defining stable state sets as nodes and the conformations where discontinuous state changes occur as transitions. Finally, we convert this map into a directed graph, and assign costs to the transitions according to changes in potential energy between states. Based upon the ability to traverse this directed graph to the goal state, one can analyze a robot's ability to self-right. To illustrate each step in our framework, we use a simple two-dimensional robot with a one degree of freedom arm, and then show a case study of iRobot's 510 Packbot(R). Ultimately, we project that this framework will be useful both for designing robots with the ability to self-right and for planning joint movements to achieve efficient, autonomous self-righting behaviors. C1 [Kessens, Chad C.; Smith, Daniel C.; Osteen, Philip R.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kessens, CC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM chad.c.kessens.civ@mail.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4673-1405-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2012 BP 4724 EP 4729 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BCA25 UT WOS:000309406704114 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Do, T AF Nguyen, Lam Do, Thong GP IEEE TI Recovery of Missing Spectral Information in Ultra-Wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB In this paper, we present a novel technique to recover the missing spectral information in multiple frequency bands of ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data that are either corrupted (due to the presence of interference sources) or nonexistent (because of no transmission in the prohibited frequency bands). Although the spectral information is lost due to the contaminated and missing frequency bands, each backscatter receive data record can be modeled as a linear combination of the spectrally filtered and time-shifted versions of the transmitted waveform. Thus, the target information (range, amplitude, and phase) can be computed based on direct sparse recovery via orthogonal matching pursuit using a dictionary that contains many spectrally filtered and time-shifted versions of the transmitted waveform. On the other hand, the desired receive signal (with full spectral information) can be modeled as a linear combination of the time-shifted versions of the desired transmitted waveform (with full spectrum). Thus, once the target information is computed by the sparse recovery process using the receive data and the dictionary, the desired received signal can be reconstructed using the target information and the desired transmitted waveform. Using both simulation data and SAR data from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) UWB SAR, we show that the proposed technique can successfully recover the information from the missing or corrupted frequency bands. The paper also compares the result to that using the conventional technique that simply zeros out the fast Fourier transform (FFT) bins that correspond to the corrupted frequency bands. C1 [Nguyen, Lam] USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Do, Thong] MBO Partners, Herndon, VA USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Lam.H.Nguyen2.civ@mail.mil; ThongDo80@gmail.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600046 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D Silvious, J Bender, B AF Tahmoush, Dave Silvious, Jerry Bender, Bob GP IEEE TI Radar Surveillance in Urban Environments SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB Radar surveillance in difficult environments like urban areas can be challenging due to large amounts of both multipath and clutter. Additionally, buildings and clutter like parked vehicles can produce shadowed areas where the line-of-sight is broken. We analyzed urban materials to determine how to utilize multipath to see into the shadows of urban environments, which polarization has the least loss, and which frequencies performed the best across a range of environments. Urban canyons were analyzed to determine whether there was more of a multipath effect on the measurements or a waveguide effect. The detection and tracking of non-line-of-sight moving objects using multiple bounces was attempted across a variety of urban building materials with an urban radar surveillance system. We demonstrate the detection and tracking of subjects using multipath returns, but there was no disambiguation of real or multipath sources. We also discuss the challenges of classification in an urban environment. C1 [Tahmoush, Dave; Silvious, Jerry; Bender, Bob] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600040 ER PT J AU Zaidi, SAR Ghogho, M McLernon, DC Swami, A AF Zaidi, Syed Ali Raza Ghogho, Mounir McLernon, Desmond C. Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Energy Efficiency in Large Scale Interference Limited Wireless Ad hoc Networks SO 2012 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS (WCNCW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY APR 01-04, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE energy efficient; Poisson point process; stochastic geometry; ad hoc networks; multihop ID SENSOR NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION AB This paper presents an analytical approach to quantify energy efficiency (EE), i.e., the bits per Joule performance of a large scale interference limited random wireless ad hoc network. Energy consumption is investigated at physical, medium access control (MAC) and routing layers. Communication between a user and its destination is facilitated by multihop relaying and Slotted ALOHA based MAC protocol. Energy consumption of user's communication hardware platform is analyzed considering the transceiver architecture. Geometry of the forwarding areas resulting from two different long hop routing protocols is explicitly considered in the analysis. The link model is formulated to cater for user's desired QoS while considering the network interference and the spatial/channel uncertainties. EE performance of the network is quantified from single-hop forward progress, node isolation and hop statistics. Optimal MAP which maximizes the network EE is also investigated. Analytical results are supported by Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that several hypothesis established in existing literature which ignores network interference and fading do not hold in large scale interference limited ad hoc network. C1 [Zaidi, Syed Ali Raza; Ghogho, Mounir; McLernon, Desmond C.] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Int Univ Rabat, Morocco, South Africa. [Swami, Ananthram] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Zaidi, SAR (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM elsarz@leeds.ac.uk; m.ghogho@leeds.ac.uk; d.c.mclernon@leeds.ac.uk; a.swami@ieee.org NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0682-9 PY 2012 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBZ60 UT WOS:000309204200005 ER PT J AU Cropek, DM Metz, A Muller, AM Gray, HB Horne, T Horton, DC Poluektov, O Tiede, DM Weber, RT Jarrett, WL Phillips, JD Holder, AA AF Cropek, Donald M. Metz, Anja Mueller, Astrid M. Gray, Harry B. Horne, Toyketa Horton, Dorothy C. Poluektov, Oleg Tiede, David M. Weber, Ralph T. Jarrett, William L. Phillips, Joshua D. Holder, Alvin A. TI A novel ruthenium(II)-cobaloxime supramolecular complex for photocatalytic H-2 evolution: synthesis, characterisation and mechanistic studies SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; METAL NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; FUNCTIONAL MODELS; RENEWABLE ENERGY; PHOTO-REDUCTION; ACTIVE-SITE AB We report the synthesis and characterization of novel mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)-cobalt(II) photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution in acidic acetonitrile. First, 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzothiazole (pbt), 1, was reacted with RuCl3 center dot xH(2)O to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)Cl-2]center dot 0.25CH(3)COCH(3), 2, which was then reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), 3, in order to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)(phendione)](PF6)(2)center dot 4H(2)O, 4. Compound 4 was then reacted with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in order to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)(L-pyr)]-(PF6)(2)center dot 9.5H(2)O, 5 (where L-pyr = (4-pyridine) oxazolo[4,5-f]phenanthroline). Compound 5 was then reacted with [Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(H2O)(2)] (where dmgBF(2) = difluoroboryldimethylglyoximato) in order to produce the mixed-metal binuclear complex, [Ru(pbt)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(H2O)](PF6)(2)center dot 11H(2)O center dot 1.5CH(3)COCH(3), 6. [Ru(Me(2)bpy)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(OH2)](PF6)(2), 7 (where Me(2)bpy = 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and [Ru(phen)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(OH2)](PF6)(2), 8 were also synthesised. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI MS, HRMS, UV-visible absorption, B-11, F-19, and Co-59 NMR, ESR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, where appropriate. Photocatalytic studies carried out in acidified acetonitrile demonstrated constant hydrogen generation longer than a 42 hour period as detected by gas chromatography. Time resolved spectroscopic measurements were performed on compound 6, which proved an intramolecular electron transfer from an excited Ru(II) metal centre to the Co(II) metal centre via the bridging L-pyr ligand. This resulted in the formation of a cobalt(I)-containing species that is essential for the production of H-2 gas in the presence of H+ ions. A proposed mechanism for the generation of hydrogen is presented. C1 [Horne, Toyketa; Horton, Dorothy C.; Phillips, Joshua D.; Holder, Alvin A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Cropek, Donald M.; Metz, Anja] USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Mueller, Astrid M.; Gray, Harry B.] CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Poluektov, Oleg; Tiede, David M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Weber, Ralph T.] EPR Div Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Jarrett, William L.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Holder, AA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, 118 Coll Dr,5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM alvin.holder@usm.edu RI Holder, Alvin/B-6329-2016 OI Holder, Alvin/0000-0001-9618-5297 FU Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory; Center Directed Research Program at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation; Mississippi LSAMP [HRD-0602740]; Mississippi INBRE; National Center for Research Resources [5P20RR016476-11]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences from the National Institutes of Health [8 P20 GM103476-11]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE 0639208]; NSF CRIF:MU Award [0741991, 0840390]; NSF [CHE - 1151832] FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and ERDC-CERL. This work was also supported by the Center Directed Research Program at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, The Mississippi LSAMP (grant #HRD-0602740), and by the Mississippi INBRE funded by grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016476-11) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM103476-11) from the National Institutes of Health. The authors also acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF) for funding our ESI and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometers (Grant CHE 0639208). We are also grateful for the use of our BrukerBiospin EMXmicro ESR spectrometer, which was funded by the NSF CRIF:MU Award #0741991; also our new 400 MHZ NMR spectrometer, which was funded by the NSF CRIF:MU Award #0840390. AAH would like to thank the NSF for an NSF CAREER Award; also this material is based upon work supported by the NSF under CHE - 1151832. The authors would like to acknowledge the scientists at Olis, Inc. for acquiring all of the NIR spectra on their Olis-modernized Cary 14 UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 42 BP 13060 EP 13073 DI 10.1039/c2dt30309d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 017TZ UT WOS:000309615200007 PM 23001132 ER PT B AU Anechiarico, F Dehn, J AF Anechiarico, Frank Dehn, John BE Jurkiewicz, CL TI The Moral Dimension of Security Outsourcing SO FOUNDATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EVIL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Anechiarico, Frank] Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. [Dehn, John] W Points Ctr Rule Law, West Point, NY USA. [Dehn, John] Columbia Univ, Sch Law, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dehn, John] US Mil Acad, Washington, DC USA. RP Anechiarico, F (reprint author), Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DRIVE, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA BN 978-0-7656-2559-5 PY 2012 BP 258 EP 276 PG 19 WC Ethics; Management SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Business & Economics GA BBV79 UT WOS:000308358600017 ER PT J AU Krakowka, AR AF Krakowka, Amy Richmond TI Field Trips as Valuable Learning Experiences in Geography Courses SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE field trips; active learning; geography; Kolb's experiential learning model ID EDUCATION AB Field trips have been acknowledged as valuable learning experiences in geography. This article uses Kolb's (1984) experiential learning model to discuss how students learn and how field trips can help enhance learning. Using Kolb's experiential learning theory as a guide in the design of field trips helps ensure that field trips contribute to internalizing relevant geographical theory and concepts. Three types of field trips are presented: an informal survey of a neighborhood, a more formal scavenger hunt, and a virtual field trip using Google Earth. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Krakowka, AR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Richmond, Amy/0000-0002-9045-537X NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PY 2012 VL 111 IS 6 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1080/00221341.2012.707674 PG 9 WC Geography SC Geography GA 019DU UT WOS:000309718100003 ER PT J AU McDonald, CC McDonald, RMS AF McDonald, Christine Coalwell McDonald, Robert M. S. BE Mcdonald, RMS TI West from West Point Thomas Jefferson's Military Academy and the "Empire of Liberty'' SO LIGHT AND LIBERTY: THOMAS JEFFERSON AND THE POWER OF KNOWLEDGE SE Jeffersonian America LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McDonald, Christine Coalwell] Tuxedo Pk Sch, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. [McDonald, Robert M. S.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP McDonald, CC (reprint author), Tuxedo Pk Sch, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS VIRGINIA PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA P O BOX 400318,, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4318 USA BN 978-0-8139-3237-8 J9 JEFFERSONIAN AMER PY 2012 BP 116 EP 136 PG 21 WC History SC History GA BBV37 UT WOS:000308319200007 ER PT J AU Brunye, TT Gagnon, SA Waller, D Hodgson, E Tower-Richardi, S Taylor, HA AF Brunye, Tad T. Gagnon, Stephanie A. Waller, David Hodgson, Eric Tower-Richardi, Sarah Taylor, Holly A. TI Up north and down south: Implicit associations between topography and cardinal direction SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spatial cognition; Navigation; Heuristics; Decision making ID COGNITIVE MAPS; DISTANCE; PERCEPTION; REPRESENTATION; HEURISTICS; KNOWLEDGE; SELECTION; CHOICES AB Route planners show a reliable tendency to select south-relative to north-going routes between two horizontally (east/west) aligned landmarks, suggesting the application of a north-is-up heuristic (Brunye, Mahoney, Gardony, & Taylor, 2010). The source of this north-is-up bias remains unknown, and there is no strong evidence to suggest that it is due to explicit strategy use. In four experiments, we attempt to further elucidate the source of this effect by testing whether it can be attributed to implicit associations between cardinal direction (north/south) and topography (mountainous/level terrain). Experiments 1 and 2 used an adapted Implicit Association Test and demonstrate automatically activated judgements that associate north with mountainous and south with relatively level terrain. Experiment 3 rules out the possibility that this effect is due to the local topography of New England by replicating in participants from the topographically dissimilar Midwestern United States. Finally, Experiment 4 tests the relative contribution of implicit versus explicit associations between cardinal direction and topography in predicting route-planning asymmetries; we show that implicit associations are a stronger predictor of southern route biases than explicit processes. Overall, results demonstrate that the conceptualization of space can be driven by physically unfounded implicit associations between cardinal directions and topographical features, and these associations are at least partially responsible for southern route preferences. C1 [Brunye, Tad T.] USA, Cognit Sci Team, Natick Soldier RDE Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Brunye, Tad T.; Gagnon, Stephanie A.; Tower-Richardi, Sarah; Taylor, Holly A.] Tufts Univ, Dept Psychol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Waller, David; Hodgson, Eric] Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Brunye, TT (reprint author), USA, Cognit Sci Team, Natick Soldier RDE Ctr, Bldg 4,Room 126,15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM tbruny01@tufts.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1747-0218 J9 Q J EXP PSYCHOL JI Q. J. Exp. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1880 EP 1894 DI 10.1080/17470218.2012.663393 PG 15 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA 019DC UT WOS:000309716300003 PM 22512368 ER PT S AU Zheng, Q Cao, GH La Porta, T Swami, A AF Zheng, Qiang Cao, Guohong La Porta, Tom Swami, Ananthram GP IEEE TI Optimal Recovery from Large-Scale Failures in IP Networks SO 2012 IEEE 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS (ICDCS) SE IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Macau, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, Univ Macau, USA Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Intel, IBM, Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol (JAIST) AB Quickly recovering IP networks from failures is critical to enhancing Internet robustness and availability. Due to their serious impact on network routing, large-scale failures have received increasing attention in recent years. We propose an approach called Reactive Two-phase Rerouting (RTR) for intra-domain routing to quickly recover from large-scale failures with the shortest recovery paths. To recover a failed routing path, RTR first forwards packets around the failure area to collect information on failures. Then, in the second phase, RTR calculates a new shortest path and forwards packets along it through source routing. RTR can deal with large-scale failures associated with areas of any shape and location, and is free of permanent loops. For any failure area, the recovery paths provided by RTR are guaranteed to be the shortest. Extensive simulations based on ISP topologies show that RTR can find the shortest recovery paths for more than 98.6% of failed routing paths with reachable destinations. Compared with prior works, RTR achieves better performance for recoverable failed routing paths and uses much less network resources for irrecoverable failed routing paths. C1 [Zheng, Qiang; Cao, Guohong; La Porta, Tom] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Zheng, Q (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM quz103@cse.psu.edu; gcao@cse.psu.edu; tlp@cse.psu.edu; ananthram.swami@us.army.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0085] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under grant HDTRA1-10-1-0085. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6927 J9 INT CON DISTR COMP S PY 2012 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1109/ICDCS.2012.47 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ74 UT WOS:000309229600030 ER PT S AU Fairfax, LD Fresconi, FE AF Fairfax, Luisa D. Fresconi, Frank E. GP IEEE TI Loosely-Coupled GPS/INS State Estimation in Precision Projectiles SO 2012 IEEE/ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP IEEE, AESS, ION DE extended Kalman filter; sequential Kalman filter; GN&C; navigation; state estimation; COTS; MEMS; loosely-coupled GPS/INS AB A state estimation method for gun-launched precision projectiles using affordable technologies is presented. Navigation algorithms were developed to incorporate flight dynamic models with measurements from inertial sensors and, if available, GPS. GPS is used to estimate an inertial sensor bias which can then be used if GPS is lost later in flight. This novel technique allows GPS to continue to benefit the flight after it is unavailable and allows noisy, low cost sensors to provide a useful state estimate. Simulations were conducted to assess algorithm performance over a range of conditions. These results indicated that the algorithm with only 10 seconds of GPS availability yields a position error of less than 35 m over a 30 s flight. This effort shows that navigation error using coupled GPS/INS is sufficient to increase system accuracy for munitions even if GPS should become unavailable during flight. C1 [Fairfax, Luisa D.; Fresconi, Frank E.] USA, Flight Sci Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Fairfax, LD (reprint author), USA, Flight Sci Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM Luisa.D.Fairfax.civ@mail.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4673-0387-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2012 BP 620 EP 624 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000309273900080 ER PT J AU Demeritte, T Kanchanapally, R Fan, Z Singh, AK Senapati, D Dubey, M Zakar, E Ray, PC AF Demeritte, Teresa Kanchanapally, Rajashekhar Fan, Zhen Singh, Anant Kumar Senapati, Dulal Dubey, Madan Zakar, Eugene Ray, Paresh Chandra TI Highly efficient SERS substrate for direct detection of explosive TNT using popcorn-shaped gold nanoparticle-functionalized SWCNT hybrid SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MOLECULE; TRINITROTOLUENE; SCATTERING AB This paper reports for the first time the development of a large-scale SERS substrate from a popcorn-shaped gold nanoparticle-functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes hybrid thin film for the selective and highly sensitive detection of explosive TNT material at a 100 femtomolar (fM) level. C1 [Demeritte, Teresa; Kanchanapally, Rajashekhar; Fan, Zhen; Singh, Anant Kumar; Senapati, Dulal; Ray, Paresh Chandra] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS USA. [Dubey, Madan; Zakar, Eugene] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ray, PC (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS USA. EM paresh.c.ray@jsums.edu RI fan, zhen/N-5244-2014; fan, zhen/M-8774-2014; OI fan, zhen/0000-0001-7937-8441; fan, zhen/0000-0001-7937-8441; Kanchanapally, Rajashekhar/0000-0002-9846-2611 FU NSF-PREM [DMR-0611539]; NSF-CREST [HRD-0833178] FX Dr Ray thanks NSF-PREM grant # DMR-0611539 and NSF-CREST grant # HRD-0833178 for their generous funding. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 107 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2012 VL 137 IS 21 BP 5041 EP 5045 DI 10.1039/c2an35984g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 015EF UT WOS:000309427600022 PM 22970432 ER PT J AU Cornwell, CF Welch, CR AF Cornwell, Charles F. Welch, Charles R. TI Brittle ductile transition in carbon nanotube bundles SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; molecular simulation; mechanical properties; nanofibres; load transfer ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ROPES; MECHANISM; FIBERS; LOAD AB The superior strength and stiffness of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them attractive for many structural applications. Although the strength and stiffness of CNTs are extremely high, fibres of aligned CNTs have been found to date to be far weaker than the constituent CNTs. The intermolecular interactions between the CNTs in the fibres are governed by weak van der Waals forces, resulting in slippage between CNTs which occurs at tensions well below the breaking strength of the CNTs. Both theoretical and experimental studies show that by introducing chemical bonds between the CNTs increases load transfer and prevents the CNTs from slipping. C1 [Cornwell, Charles F.; Welch, Charles R.] USA, Informat Technol Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cornwell, CF (reprint author), USA, Informat Technol Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM charles.f.cornwell@usace.army.mil; charles.r.welch@usace.army.mil FU US Army Engineer Research and Development Center research program 'Nanoscale Studies of Polycrystalline Materials with Emphasis on Ceramic Synthesis'; HPC Challenge Project 'Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Underpin the Design and Development of High-Performance Carbon-Nanotube-Based Filaments, Membranes, and Coatings' FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding support from the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center research program 'Nanoscale Studies of Polycrystalline Materials with Emphasis on Ceramic Synthesis' and the HPC Challenge Project 'Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Underpin the Design and Development of High-Performance Carbon-Nanotube-Based Filaments, Membranes, and Coatings' and allocation of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 13 BP 1032 EP 1037 DI 10.1080/08927022.2012.685940 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 017RK UT WOS:000309608200001 ER PT S AU Govoni, MA Moyer, LR AF Govoni, Mark A. Moyer, Lee R. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Preliminary performance analysis of the advanced pulse compression noise radar waveform SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE noise radar; random signal; advanced pulse compression noise ID SAR; COHERENT AB Noise radar systems encounter target fluctuation behavior similar to that of conventional systems. For noise radar systems, however, the fluctuations are not only dictated by target composition and geometry, but also by the non-uniform power envelope of their random transmit signals. This third dependency is of interest and serves as the basis for the preliminary analysis conducted in this manuscript. General conclusions are drawn on the implications of having a random power envelope and the impacts it could have on both the transmit and receive processes. Using an advanced pulse compression noise (APCN) radar waveform as the constituent signal, a computer simulation aids in quantifying potential losses and the impacts they might have on the detection performance of a real radar system. C1 [Govoni, Mark A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Govoni, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 836115 DI 10.1117/12.923096 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500038 ER PT S AU Innocenti, R Ranney, K Nguyen, L AF Innocenti, Roberto Ranney, Kenneth Lam Nguyen BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Target Detection Using Multi-Resolution Forward-Looking SAR Imagery SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SAR; SIRE; Pre-screener AB The objective of the present investigation is to use radar data to detect targets situated on or under a road surface, and, at the same time, minimize the number of false alarms. The data used here have been collected by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) Radar. These data have been processed at different ranges from the radar, at different depression angles, and with different resolution. This has been achieved by integrating the data collected during the forward motion of the radar along the road. As a result, it has been possible to produce a series of images of the road in front of the radar at progressively better resolution. We show how the exploitation of the different behavior of clutter and targets at different resolution allows higher rates of target detection at lower false alarm rate than otherwise possible. C1 [Innocenti, Roberto; Ranney, Kenneth; Lam Nguyen] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Innocenti, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83611J DI 10.1117/12.922947 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500052 ER PT S AU Le, C Dogaru, T AF Le, Calvin Dogaru, Traian BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging of a Two-Story Building SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Through-the-wall radar imaging; synthetic aperture radar; computational electromagnetics AB This paper investigates the expected performance of a ground-based, multi-story building imaging radar system through far-field and near-field computer models. We created a 3-D computer-aided design model of a complex two-story building, simulated the radar response from this complex structure for various geometries and applied synthetic aperture radar image formation algorithms consistent with the simulation scenarios. In this study, we employed the Finite Difference Time Domain method and the Xpatch software to compute the radar signatures. The numerical results give a better understanding of the phenomenology of the scattering and imaging processes and show that relying solely on the far-field scattering data at one elevation angle is not sufficient to obtain the multi-story building layout. Multiple elevation angle views are required in order to determine the location of imaged objects in the vertical direction. Xpatch simulation results in a near-field strip-map configuration suggest a way to achieve this goal within the constraints of a ground-based radar system. C1 [Le, Calvin; Dogaru, Traian] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Le, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83610J DI 10.1117/12.919923 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500018 ER PT S AU Liao, DH AF Liao, DaHan BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Electromagnetic Investigation on Imaging of Disturbed Earth Feature for Buried Target Detection SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Computational electromagnetics; disturbed earth feature; finite-difference time-domain method; forward-looking radar; ground clutter distribution; ground surface electromagnetic scattering; landmine detection; ultistatic radar imaging; subsurface sensing ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; SCATTERING STATISTICS; RADAR SCATTERING; K-DISTRIBUTION; WET SOIL; TERRAIN; MODELS; PROPAGATION AB Electromagnetic (EM) simulations from UHF to X-band are undertaken to determine the feasibility of exploiting ground surface scattering for subsurface target detection. A ground surface containing a target emplacement-related disturbance is physically represented by a composite roughness profile with Gaussian statistics, in conjunction with a homogeneous dielectric model. Bistatic wideband imaging of the target/surface disturbance scene-generated using scattering data from forward-looking sensing simulations-indicates that at X-band, for the parameters defined in this work, the disturbed surface feature is observable with a scattering response that is distinct-both visually and statistically-from that of the undisturbed surface. At lower frequencies (UHF to C-band), the disturbance is far less apparent due to the lack of sufficient image resolution. The buried target itself, however, is visible only at lower frequency bands. Consequently, it is expected that a judicious synthesis of the scattering data from different frequency bands can lead to enhanced target detection performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Liao, DH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM dahan.liao.civ@mail.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 836110 DI 10.1117/12.920981 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500033 ER PT S AU Mazzaro, GJ AF Mazzaro, Gregory J. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI In-Situ Permittivity Measurements using Ring Resonators SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE permittivity; dielectric constant; measurement; portable; ring resonator; ground-penetrating radar; soil ID SOIL AB Proper development of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology requires a unique understanding of the electromagnetic (EM) properties of targets and background media. Thus, electromagnetic characterization of targets and backgrounds is fundamental to the success or failure of UWB GPR as a threat detection technique. In many cases, threats are buried in soil. Soil properties directly affect the radar signature of targets and determine the depth at which they can be detected by radar. One such property is permittivity. A portable system recently developed at the U. S. Army Research Laboratory measures permittivity in-situ with minimal disturbance of the dielectric sample. The measurement technique uses ring resonators. Design equations and physical dimensions are presented for fabricating resonators at frequencies between 600 MHz and 2 GHz. Only a handheld vector network analyzer, coaxial cabling, and the ring resonators are necessary for each measurement. Lookup curves generated in simulation are referenced to calculate the complex permittivity of the sample. The permittivity measurement is explained step-by-step, and data is presented for samples of soils from Ft. Irwin, California and Yuma, Arizona. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mazzaro, GJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 836111 DI 10.1117/12.921791 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500034 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Martone, A Innocenti, R Nguyen, L AF Ranney, Kenneth Martone, Anthony Innocenti, Roberto Lam Nguyen BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Contrast-Based Moving Target Detection with the Randomized Linear Receive Array SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Moving Target Indication; MIMO; recursive sidelobe minimization; CFAR detectors AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has, in the past, demonstrated the effectiveness of low frequency, ultrawideband radar for detection of slow-moving targets located behind walls. While these initial results were promising, they also indicated that sidelobe artifacts produced by moving target indication (MTI) processing could pose serious problems. Such artifacts induced false alarms and necessitated the introduction of a tracker stage to eliminate them. Of course, the tracker algorithm was also imperfect, and it tended to pass any persistent, nearly collocated false alarms. In this work we describe the incorporation of a sidelobe-reduction technique-the randomized linear receiver array (RA)-into our MTI processing chain. To perform this investigation, we leverage data collected by ARL's synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) radar. We begin by calculating MTI imagery using both the non-random and randomized array methods. We then compare the sidelobe levels in each image and quantify the differences. Finally, we apply a local-contrast target detection algorithm based on constant false alarm rate (CFAR) principles, and we analyze probabilities of detection and false alarm for each MTI image. C1 [Ranney, Kenneth; Martone, Anthony; Innocenti, Roberto; Lam Nguyen] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83611K DI 10.1117/12.922965 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500053 ER PT S AU Silvious, J Tahmoush, D AF Silvious, Jerry Tahmoush, Dave BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Radar tracking and classification of littoral targets SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE littoral surveillance; radar AB Radar can provide inexpensive wide-area surveillance of river and port traffic for both security and emergency response. We demonstrate the tracking of multiple vessels as well as the micro-Doppler signatures of different classes of small vessels, including kayaks and zodiacs. The pattern of life of a river is analyzed over several days and can be used to easily identify suspicious or unusual cases. C1 [Silvious, Jerry; Tahmoush, Dave] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Silvious, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83610D DI 10.1117/12.920792 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500012 ER PT S AU Tahmoush, D Silvious, J AF Tahmoush, Dave Silvious, Jerry BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI Radar Micro-Doppler Simulations of Classification Capability with Frequency SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Radar; Micro-Doppler ID FEATURE-EXTRACTION; MODEL AB Classifying human signatures using radar requires a detailed understanding of the RF scattering phenomenology associated with humans as well as their motion. We model humans engaged in the activity of walking and analyze the separability of different body parts with frequency as well as lookdown angle. This work seeks to estimate the ability to classify the micro-Doppler signals generated by human motion, and especially arm motion, as a function of the radar frequency and other parameters. The simulations imply that for classification using arm motion, frequencies at Ku-band or higher are probably required, and that lookdown angle has a significant effect on the classification capability of the radar. Additionally, the sensitivity of the system required to isolate the motion of different body parts is estimated. C1 [Tahmoush, Dave; Silvious, Jerry] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tahmoush, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83610Z DI 10.1117/12.920791 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500032 ER PT S AU Tati, S Ko, BJ Cao, GH Swami, A La Porta, T AF Tati, Srikar Ko, Bong Jun Cao, Guohong Swami, Ananthram La Porta, Thomas GP IEEE TI Adaptive Algorithms for Diagnosing Large-Scale Failures in Computer Networks SO 2012 42ND ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 25-28, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE CS Tech Comm Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance, IFIP, WG 10.4 on Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance DE Fault diagnosis; Large-scale failures; Incomplete information; Clustered failures AB In this paper, we propose an algorithm to efficiently diagnose large-scale clustered failures. The algorithm, Cluster-MAX-COVERAGE (CMC), is based on greedy approach. We address the challenge of determining faults with incomplete symptoms. CMC makes novel use of both positive and negative symptoms to output a hypothesis list with a low number of false negatives and false positives quickly. CMC requires reports from about half as many nodes as other existing algorithms to determine failures with 100% accuracy. Moreover, CMC accomplishes this gain significantly faster (sometimes by two orders of magnitude) than an algorithm that matches its accuracy. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive algorithm called Adaptive-MAX-COVERAGE (AMC) that performs efficiently during both kinds of failures, i.e., independent and clustered. During a series of failues that include both independent and clustered, AMC results in a reduced number of false negatives and false positives. C1 [Tati, Srikar; Cao, Guohong; La Porta, Thomas] Penn State Univ, Network & Secur Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ko, Bong Jun] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. [Swami, Ananthram] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Tati, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Network & Secur Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tati@cse.psu.edu; bongjun_ko@us.ibm.com; gcao@cse.psu.edu; aswami@arl.army.mil; tlp@cse.psu.edu FU US Army Research Laboratory; United Kingdom Ministry of Defence [W911NF-06-3-0001]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0085] FX This research was sponsored by the US Army Research Laboratory and the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, and was accomplished under Agreement Number W911NF-06-3-0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Army Research Laboratory, the US Government, the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence or the United Kingdom Government. The US and the United Kingdom Governments are authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstand- ing any copyright notation hereon. This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Grant HDTRA1-10-1-0085. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4673-1625-5 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2012 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBZ69 UT WOS:000309224200005 ER PT S AU Grantner, J Bazuin, B Dong, L Al-Shawawreh, J Hathaway, R Fajardo, C Castanier, MP Hussain, S AF Grantner, Janos Bazuin, Bradley Dong, Liang Al-shawawreh, Jumana Hathaway, Richard Fajardo, Claudia Castanier, Matthew P. Hussain, Shabbir GP IEEE TI Linguistic Model for Axle Fatigue SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE) SE IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE DE Condition Based Maintenance; fuzzy model; axle fatigue; intelligent diagnostics; Rainflow algorithm AB Army ground vehicles often operate in extremely severe environmental and battlefield conditions. Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) allows maintenance to be performed based on evidence of need provided by reliability modeling and/or other enabling technologies, thus reducing maintenance costs and increasing vehicle availability. A fuzzy model is developed to diagnose the axle fatigue of light trucks. The extraction of the fuzzy rules is based upon expert knowledge and a linear damage model. Training data will be used to modify the membership functions and the fuzzy If-Then rules to improve the quality of the fuzzy model for fault diagnostics. The improvement of the fuzzy model will be carried out using re-clustering operation and membership function optimization. C1 [Grantner, Janos; Bazuin, Bradley; Dong, Liang; Al-shawawreh, Jumana] WMU, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Castanier, Matthew P.; Hussain, Shabbir] US Army RDECOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Grantner, J (reprint author), WMU, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM janos.grantner@wmich.edu; matt.castanier@us.army.mil FU U.S. Army TARDEC [W56HZV-08-C-0236]; Mississippi State University; Simulation Based Reliability and Safety (SimBRS) FX This material is based, in part, upon work supported by the U.S. Army TARDEC under Contract No. W56HZV-08-C-0236, through a subcontract with Mississippi State University, and was performed for the Simulation Based Reliability and Safety (SimBRS) research program. UNCLASSIFIED: Dist A. Approved for public release. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7584 BN 978-1-4673-1506-7 J9 IEEE INT CONF FUZZY PY 2012 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ47 UT WOS:000309188200135 ER PT S AU Hammell, RJ Hanratty, T Heilman, E AF Hammell, Robert J., II Hanratty, Timothy Heilman, Eric GP IEEE TI Capturing the Value of Information in Complex Military Environments A Fuzzy-based Approach SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE) SE IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE) CY JUN 10-15, 2012 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE DE Value of Information; Fuzzy Associative Memory; NATO Standard Agreement 2022 (Information Valuation) AB Today's military operations require information from an unprecedented number of sources resulting in an overwhelming volume of collected data. A primary challenge for military commanders and their staff is separating the important information from the routine. Currently, the Value of Information (VOI) assigned a piece of information is a multiple step process requiring intelligence collectors and analysts to judge its value within a host of differing operational situations. The cognitive processes behind these conclusions resist codification with exact precision suggesting that new methodologies are required to deal with this significant issue. This paper presents an approach for calculating the VOI in complex military environments using a fuzzy associative memory model as an effective framework for contextually tuning the VOI based on the information's content, source reliability and latency C1 [Hammell, Robert J., II] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Hanratty, Timothy; Heilman, Eric] US Army Res Lab, Computat Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hammell, RJ (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM rhammell@towson.edu; timothy.hanratty@us.army.mil FU Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished [W911NF-11-2-0092]; Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government FX Research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-11-2-0092. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7584 BN 978-1-4673-1506-7 J9 IEEE INT CONF FUZZY PY 2012 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBZ47 UT WOS:000309188200021 ER PT S AU Chen, Q Mehrotra, R Dubey, A Abdelwahed, S Rowland, K AF Chen, Qian Mehrotra, Rajat Dubey, Abhishek Abdelwahed, Sherif Rowland, Krisa BE Sundaram, KB Wu, D TI On State of The Art in Virtual Machine Security SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE SOUTHEASTCON SE IEEE SoutheastCon-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon CY MAR 15-18, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB Data centers and computing service providers are striving to improve the utilization of their computing resources. This is primarily due to the need of resources to be more economical and power efficient. Virtualization is one of the concepts that provide flexibility to host multiple operating system stacks on a single hardware. By effectively partitioning the computing resources, it reduces the total number of physical servers and consolidates several services on a single physical rack. Each virtual machine behaves like an independent machine (may be duplicate of the original one) while the scheduling of hardware resources among different virtual machines is performed with the help of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). Proliferation of virtual machines in the enterprise architecture creates need for identification of potential security risks as well as appropriate solutions for the identified risks to ensure the integrity of the underlying applications hosted at the virtual machines. This paper describes available virtualization technologies, corresponding security vulnerabilities, and available solutions. C1 [Chen, Qian; Mehrotra, Rajat; Abdelwahed, Sherif] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dubey, Abhishek] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Software Integrated Syst, Nashville, TN USA. [Rowland, Krisa] US Army, Engin Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Chen, Q (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. FU NSF [IIP-1034897]; Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) at Vicksburg, MS FX This work is supported in part by the NSF I/UCRC CGI Program grant number IIP-1034897 and The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) at Vicksburg, MS. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1558-058X BN 978-1-4673-1375-9 J9 IEEE SOUTHEASTCON PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ61 UT WOS:000309205400022 ER PT S AU Morris, GR Silas, AR Abed, KH AF Morris, Gerald R. Silas, Antoinette R. Abed, Khalid H. BE Sundaram, KB Wu, D TI Analytical and Measured Sustained Bandwidth for an FPGA-Based Processor SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE SOUTHEASTCON SE IEEE SoutheastCon-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon CY MAR 15-18, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; COMMUNICATION AB Previous research has shown that floating-point kernels mapped onto field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based high performance reconfigurable computers (HPRCs) must satisfy a variety of heuristics and rules of thumb to achieve a speedup compared with their software counterparts. One such rule of thumb is that applications with large or irregular stride memory access, e. g., sparse matrix kernels, can run significantly faster on HPRCs. This paper, by way of a simple sparse matrix Jacobi iterative solver, demonstrates why this speedup can occur. Using a well-known off-the-shelf sustained bandwidth measurement tool and a port of that tool onto an FPGA-based computer, this paper reveals that, unlike general purpose processors, FPGA-based processors do not suffer from significant bandwidth degradation at large data sizes as do cache-based general purpose processors. The paper then validates the observations by way of both experimentally measured runtimes and analytically derived runtimes for a simple sparse matrix Jacobi iterative solver. This research clearly validates that 1) unlike a cache-based general purpose processor, the FPGA bandwidth is constant across the entire range of considered sparse data sets, and 2) the experimentally determined runtimes for both the software and FPGA-based Jacobi kernel are in very close agreement. C1 [Morris, Gerald R.; Silas, Antoinette R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Abed, Khalid H.] Jackson State Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Morris, GR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM gerald.r.morris@us.army.mil; antoinette.r.silas@us.army.mil; khalid.h.abed@jsums.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1558-058X BN 978-1-4673-1375-9 J9 IEEE SOUTHEASTCON PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ61 UT WOS:000309205400031 ER PT S AU Wood, RA Salem, TE AF Wood, Robert A. Salem, Thomas E. GP IEEE TI Application Study of the Benefits for Using Silicon-Carbide Versus Silicon in Power Modules SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY FEB 05-09, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS) AB On a device-level, the benefits of Silicon-Carbide (SiC) versus Silicon (Si) power components have been documented over the past several years [1-5]. The fabrication process for SiC components continues to mature and SiC products are now commercially available. The development of high-current MOSFETs and their use in all-SiC power modules have been reported [6-9]. Recently, the experimental characterization and performance of a 1200-V, 800-A all-SiC dual module has been documented [10,11]. This paper outlines the development of a simulation model for the 800-A all-SiC dual module from this experimental characterization data. Using this model, a comparison study is presented for using an all-SiC module versus an Si IGBT module in DC-DC and DC-AC power circuit applications at a 900-A, 600-A, and 300-A module level. Upgrading the power module from Si to SiC devices resulted in lower loss in nearly every simulated scenario. C1 [Wood, Robert A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Salem, Thomas E.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wood, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM robert.a.wood98.civ@mail.mil; salem@usna.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4577-1216-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2012 BP 2499 EP 2505 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ13 UT WOS:000309117700378 ER PT J AU Khan, A Jindal, RM Shriver, C Guy, SR Vertrees, AE Wang, XJ Xu, XM Szust, J Ricordi, C AF Khan, Aisha Jindal, Rahul M. Shriver, Craig Guy, Stephen R. Vertrees, Amy E. Wang, Xiaojing Xu, Xiumin Szust, Joel Ricordi, Camillo TI Remote Processing of Pancreas Can Restore Normal Glucose Homeostasis in Autologous Islet Transplantation After Traumatic Whipple Pancreatectomy: Technical Considerations SO CELL TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE Autologous pancreatic islet cell transplant; Traumatic Whipple operation ID AUTO TRANSPLANTATION; AUTOTRANSPLANTATION; PURIFICATION AB An emergency autologous islet transplant after a traumatic Whipple operation and subsequent total pancreatectomy was performed for a 21-year-old patient who was wounded with multiple abdominal gunshot wounds. After Whipple pancreatectomy, the remnant pancreas (63.5 g), along with other damaged organs, was removed by the surgeons at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) and shipped to Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) for islet isolation. The pancreas was preserved in UW solution for 9.25 h prior to islet isolation. Upon arrival, the organ was visually inspected; the pancreatic head was missing, the rest of the pancreas was damaged and full of blood; the tail looked normal. A 16-gauge catheter was inserted into the main duct and directed towards tail of the pancreas after the dissection of main duct in the midbody of the pancreas. The pancreas was distended with collagenase solution (Roche MTF) through the catheter. During 10 min of intraductal delivery of enzyme, the gland was distended uniformly. No leakage of the solution was observed. The pancreas was transferred to a Ricordi chamber for automated mechanical and enzymatic digestion. Islets were purified using a CUBE 2991 cell processor. Islet equivalents (IEQ; 221,250) of 40% purity and 90% viability were recovered during the isolation, which were shipped back to WRAMC and infused by intraportal injection into the patient. Immediate islet function was demonstrated by the rapid elevation of serum C peptide followed by insulin independence with near normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 1 and 2 months later. It is possible to restore near normal glucose tolerance with autologous islet transplantation after total pancreatectomy even with suboptimal number of islets while confirming that islets processed at a remote site are suitable for transplantation. C1 [Jindal, Rahul M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Khan, Aisha; Wang, Xiaojing; Xu, Xiumin; Szust, Joel; Ricordi, Camillo] Univ Miami, Diabet Res Inst, Miami, FL USA. [Khan, Aisha; Wang, Xiaojing; Xu, Xiumin; Szust, Joel; Ricordi, Camillo] Univ Miami, Cell Transplant Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Jindal, Rahul M.] George Washington Univ, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. [Jindal, Rahul M.; Shriver, Craig; Vertrees, Amy E.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Guy, Stephen R.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Jindal, RM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM jindalr@msn.com OI Ricordi, Camillo/0000-0001-8092-7153 FU Diabetes Research Institute Foundation (DRIF); National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources [U42 RR016603, 5U01DK070460-07, M01RR16587]; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International [4-2000-946, 4-2004-361]; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [5 R01 DK55347, 5 R01 DK056953, R01 DK025802, IRO1 DK25802-21, IRO1 D59993-04] FX The Authors wish to thank the members of the teams at the Diabetes Research Institute Cell Transplant Center and at Walter Reed Army Medical Center who participated and contributed to the success of this unprecedented procedure: Ryosuke Misawa, Andrea Curty, Sara Giunti, Carlo Ricordi, and Christopher Thome. This work was supported in part by the Diabetes Research Institute Foundation (DRIF), National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources (U42 RR016603, 5U01DK070460-07, M01RR16587); Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (4-2000-946 and 4-2004-361); National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5 R01 DK55347, 5 R01 DK056953, R01 DK025802, IRO1 DK25802-21; IRO1 D59993-04). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of the US Army, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COGNIZANT COMMUNICATION CORP PI PUTNAM VALLEY PA 18 PEEKSKILL HOLLOW RD, PO BOX 37, PUTNAM VALLEY, NY 10579 USA SN 0963-6897 J9 CELL TRANSPLANT JI Cell Transplant. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1267 DI 10.3727/096368911X600984 PG 7 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 009OO UT WOS:000309035300016 PM 21944862 ER PT J AU Wilber, DH Hadley, NH Clarke, DG AF Wilber, Dara H. Hadley, Nancy H. Clarke, Douglas G. TI Resident Crab Associations with Sedimentation on Restored Intertidal Oyster Reefs in South Carolina and the Implications for Secondary Consumers SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID YORK RIVER SUBESTUARY; EARLY LIFE-HISTORY; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; PANOPEUS-HERBSTII; EURYPANOPEUS-DEPRESSUS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS AB Benthic-pelagic coupling is an important habitat function provided by oyster reefs that is potentially affected by sedimentation impacts. In this study, the distributions of three resident crab species, the flat mud crab (also known as the flatback mud crab) Eurypanopeus depressus, the common mud crab (also known as the Atlantic mud crab) Panopeus herbstii, and the invasive green porcelain crab Petrolisthes armatus, were examined with respect to sedimentation on six restored intertidal eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica sites in South Carolina. Sedimentation among sites ranged from 4% to 60% cover and was composed of silty clay and sand. Crab associations with sedimentation differed among species. Common mud crabs and green porcelain crab densities were negatively correlated with percent sediment cover, whereas flat mud crab densities were not related to sediment cover. Flat mud crabs occupy the interstices of the reef, and their densities were positively correlated with scorched mussel Brachidontes exustus densities. Total crab biomass and individual body weight were converted to annual secondary production estimates, which ranged from 6.1 to 27.2 g/m(2) (ash-free dry weight) among sites. Sedimentation on oyster habitat reduced crab annual secondary production beyond a prediction made by a proportional inverse relationship between percent sediment cover and crab secondary production. As an example, at 50% sediment cover, crab annual secondary production was reduced by 68%. The discrepancy between observed and predicted (proportional) reductions in crab secondary production estimates were most pronounced when sedimentation levels were less than 60% cover. These results suggest the use of proportional loss estimates tomitigate for sedimentation impacts on oyster habitat, when quantified as percent sediment cover, do not adequately compensate for impacts to resident crabs and consequential energy loss to crustacean and fish predators that include many important recreational and commercial species. C1 [Wilber, Dara H.] Bowhead Sci & Technol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hadley, Nancy H.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Div, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Clarke, Douglas G.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wilber, DH (reprint author), Bowhead Sci & Technol, 664 Old Plantat Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM darawilber@gmail.com NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 838 EP 847 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.694835 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 014PN UT WOS:000309388200004 ER PT J AU Williamson, PO Robichaud, J Francis, IL AF Williamson, P. O. Robichaud, J. Francis, I. L. TI Comparison of Chinese and Australian consumers' liking responses for red wines SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE consumer; cross-cultural; hedonic liking; sensory descriptive analysis; wine ID NEW-ZEALAND CONSUMERS; SENSORY PROPERTIES; PREFERENCES; ACCEPTABILITY; SAUVIGNON; ASTRINGENCY AB Background and Aims This study was designed to investigate the sensory attributes that relate to Chinese consumer liking responses to red wines and determine whether they differ from those of Australian consumers in a cross-cultural study. Methods and Results A set of Australian and international wines was profiled by a sensory descriptive analysis panel. A subset of 14 wines was assessed for hedonic liking by 310 consumers in China. These results were compared with findings of an Australian test using 216 consumers. For the Chinese sample, liking was most strongly positively associated with red fruit, sweetness and fruity aftertaste attributes. Two consumer clusters (80% of the consumers) preferred sweeter wines and had low acceptance to wines with strong acidity, with differences between the two clusters in their response to bitterness, bruised fruit and fresh green attributes. The third cluster liked wines with higher purple colour, dark fruit, viscosity and black pepper, and had a lower liking score for wines with higher astringency. Two clusters of the Australian consumers were found with similar sensory attribute drivers of liking compared with those identified in China, but with different proportions. Conclusions The consumers from the two countries, while having broadly similar preferences, differed in both the size of cluster groups and in the importance of certain attributes. Significance of the Study The study provides an insight into differences in drivers of preference between an established Western wine consumer market and a developing Asian market. C1 [Williamson, P. O.; Francis, I. L.] Australian Wine Res Inst, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia. [Robichaud, J.] USA, Tragon Corp, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. RP Francis, IL (reprint author), Australian Wine Res Inst, POB 197, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia. EM leigh.francis@awri.com.au OI Francis, Ian/0000-0003-4081-3578 FU investment agency the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation; Australian Government FX The authors thank AWRI staff Brooke Travis, Belinda Bramley and the sensory panellists, as well as Bob Dambergs, Matthew Holdstock, Randell Taylor and Ella Robinson for assistance with selection of the wines. Demei Li from Beijing Agricultural College, Rebecca Bleibaum of Tragon and personnel from Australian Vintage, Orlando Wines, and in particular Kate Lattey; Treasury Wine Estates, Accolade Wines, Tyrrell's Wines, Yalumba Wines, Negociants Australia, Wirra Wirra, McWilliam's Wines and Casella Wines are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance with the project. The AWRI is supported by Australian grapegrowers and winemakers through their investment agency the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation, with matching funds from the Australian Government. The AWRI is a member of the Wine Innovation cluster in Adelaide. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1322-7130 EI 1755-0238 J9 AUST J GRAPE WINE R JI Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 256 EP 267 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2012.00201.x PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 009ZI UT WOS:000309063700002 ER PT J AU Seo, DM Borodin, O Han, SD Boyle, PD Henderson, WA AF Seo, Daniel M. Borodin, Oleg Han, Sang-Don Boyle, Paul D. Henderson, Wesley A. TI Electrolyte Solvation and Ionic Association II. Acetonitrile-Lithium Salt Mixtures: Highly Dissociated Salts SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; AB-INITIO; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; POWDER DIFFRACTION; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; ALPHA-ACETONITRILE; BEHAVIOR; TFSI AB The electrolyte solution structure for acetonitrile (AN)-lithium salt mixtures has been examined for highly dissociated salts. Phase diagrams are reported for (AN)(n)-LiN(SO2CF3)(2) (LiTFSI) and -LiPF6 electrolytes. Single crystal structures and Raman spectroscopy have been utilized to provide information regarding the solvate species present in the solid-state and liquid phases, as well as the average solvation number variation with salt concentration. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the mixtures have been correlated with the experimental data to provide additional insight into the molecular-level interactions. Quantum chemistry (QC) calculations were performed on (AN)(n)-Li-(anion)(m) clusters to validate the ability of the developed many-body polarizable force field (used for the simulations) to accurately describe cluster stability (ionic association). The combination of these techniques provides tremendous insight into the solution structure within these electrolyte mixtures. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.035209jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Seo, Daniel M.; Han, Sang-Don; Henderson, Wesley A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ion Liquids & Elect Energy Technol ILEET Lab, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Borodin, Oleg] USA, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Boyle, Paul D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Xray Struct Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Seo, DM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ion Liquids & Elect Energy Technol ILEET Lab, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM whender@ncsu.edu RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0002169]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-IA01-11EE003413]; U. S. Army Research Laboratory [DE-IA01-11EE003413] FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering which fully supported the experimental research under Award DE-SC0002169. The computational work was partially supported by an Interagency Agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Army Research Laboratory under DE-IA01-11EE003413 for the Office of Vehicle Technologies Programs including the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. NR 65 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 7 U2 98 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 9 BP A1489 EP A1500 DI 10.1149/2.035209jes PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010OR UT WOS:000309104400015 ER PT J AU McClure, JP Thornton, JD Jiang, RZ Chu, D Cuomo, JJ Fedkiw, PS AF McClure, Joshua P. Thornton, Jackson D. Jiang, Rongzhong Chu, Deryn Cuomo, Jerome J. Fedkiw, Peter S. TI Oxygen Reduction on Metal-Free Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanowall Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE FUEL-CELLS; O-2 REDUCTION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; REACTION-MECHANISM; DISK ELECTRODE; PART I; CATALYSTS; GRAPHENE; ELECTROCATALYSIS; ELECTROREDUCTION AB A plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process using a CH4:H-2 gas mixture creates vertically aligned carbon nanowalls (CNWs) on glassy carbon (GC) and Si substrates. Metal catalysts are not required for the nucleation and growth of CNWs on the substrates. The PECVD deposition temperatures and reaction times alter the morphology and thickness of the resulting CNW layer. A low-pressure, post-processing N-2:Ar plasma treatment dopes the CNWs with nitrogen, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that nitrogen is present at 4-20 atomic% with varying CNx bonding configurations dependent upon processing conditions. Raman spectroscopy shows relatively high intensity disorder bands (I-D) compared to lower intensity graphitic bands (I-G) indicating small crystalline domains. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry results show that the number of electrons (n) and kinetic current density (j(k)) of the oxygen reduction reaction both increase with nitrogen content. In addition, n and j(k) increase with thickness of the nitrogen-containing CNW deposit. The results indicate that nitrogen-doped CNWs have higher electrochemical reactivity than their non-doped counterparts. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.056211jes] All rights reserved. C1 [McClure, Joshua P.; Fedkiw, Peter S.] N Carolina State Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McClure, Joshua P.; Jiang, Rongzhong; Chu, Deryn] USA, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Thornton, Jackson D.; Cuomo, Jerome J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McClure, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fedkiw@gw.ncsu.edu FU DoD Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) fellowship program FX We thank the DoD Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) fellowship program for providing a fellowship to Joshua McClure. A special thanks to Dr. Cynthia Lundgren for internship support at the U.S. Army Research Lab - Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate. Thanks to Chuck Mooney and Fred Stevie at the NC State Analytical Instrument Facility (AIF) for assistance with SEM imaging and XPS analysis. Finally, we acknowledge Dr. Li-Chung Lai and the support of the Maryland NanoCenter for TEM imaging. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 11 BP F733 EP F742 DI 10.1149/2.056211jes PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PS UT WOS:000309107200064 ER PT S AU Downer, CW Ogden, FL Martin, WD Harmon, RS AF Downer, Charles W. Ogden, Fred L. Martin, William D. Harmon, Russell S. BE Rose, EPF Mather, JD TI Opportunity-driven hydrological model development in US Army research and development programs SO MILITARY ASPECTS OF HYDROGEOLOGY SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RUNOFF MODEL; INFILTRATION; FLOW; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; INFORMATION; SYSTEMS; WATER AB The US Army has compelling needs for making hydrological forecasts. These range from tactical predictions of water levels and soil moisture, to strategic protection of both Army and civilian assets and environmental resources. This paper discusses the history of hydrological model development by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) as influenced by changes in needs and technologies. It concludes with a description of the Gridded Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA (TM)) model, a two-dimensional, structured-grid, physics-based hydrological, hydrodynamic, sediment and nutrient/contaminant transport model, developed over the past two decades, that is currently used by the USACE. The surface hydrology of the USA has been divided by the US Geological Survey into 21 major geographic domains that contain either the drainage area of a major river or the combined drainage areas of a series of rivers of similar character developed in one geographic province. Eighteen of the regions occupy the land area of the conterminous USA. Alaska, the Hawaiian Islands and Puerto Rico are separate domains. This approach provides a framework for the hydrological modelling discussed in this paper for sites within six of these regions. That the physics-based GSSHA modelling capability has so far been applied with success gives confidence in its more widespread application. C1 [Downer, Charles W.; Harmon, Russell S.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Int Res Off, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Ogden, Fred L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Downer, CW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Int Res Off, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Charles.W.Downer@usace.army.mil NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-340-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2012 VL 362 BP 267 EP 286 DI 10.1144/SP362.15 D2 10.1144/SP362.0 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BBX39 UT WOS:000308559600016 ER PT S AU Howington, SE Peters, JF Ballard, JR Eslinger, OJ Fairley, JR Kala, RV Goodson, RA Price, SJ Hines, AM Wakeley, LD AF Howington, S. E. Peters, J. F. Ballard, J. R., Jr. Eslinger, O. J. Fairley, J. R. Kala, R. V. Goodson, R. A. Price, S. J. Hines, A. M. Wakeley, L. D. BE Rose, EPF Mather, JD TI Using computer simulation to explore the importance of hydrogeology in remote sensing for explosive threat detection SO MILITARY ASPECTS OF HYDROGEOLOGY SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER-CONTENT; SOIL; RADAR; MODEL AB Finding explosive threats in complex environments is a challenge. Benign objects (e.g. rocks, plants and rubbish), ground surface variation, heterogeneous soil properties and even shadows can create anomalies in remotely sensed imagery, often triggering false alarms. The over-arching goal is to dissect these complex sensor images to extract clues for reducing false alarms and improve threat detection. Of particular interest is the effect of soil properties, particularly hydrogeological properties, on physical temperatures at the ground surface and the signatures they produce in infrared imagery. Hydrogeological variability must be considered at the scale of the sensor's image pixels, which may be only a few centimetres. To facilitate a deeper understanding of the components of the energy distribution, a computational testbed was developed to produce realistic, process-correct, synthetic imagery from remote sensors operating in the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. This tool is being used to explore near-surface process interaction at a fine scale to isolate and quantify the phenomena behind the detection physics. The computational tools have confirmed the importance of hydrogeology in the exploitation of sensor imagery for threat detection. However, before this tool's potential becomes a reality, several technical and organizational problems must be overcome. C1 [Howington, S. E.; Peters, J. F.; Ballard, J. R., Jr.; Eslinger, O. J.; Fairley, J. R.; Kala, R. V.; Goodson, R. A.; Price, S. J.; Hines, A. M.; Wakeley, L. D.] USA, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Howington, SE (reprint author), USA, ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM stacy.e.howington@usace.army.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-340-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2012 VL 362 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.1144/SP362.16 D2 10.1144/SP362.0 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA BBX39 UT WOS:000308559600017 ER PT S AU Priddy, JD Berney, ES Peters, JF AF Priddy, Jody D. Berney, Ernest S. Peters, John F. BE Rose, EPF Mather, JD TI Effect of near-surface hydrology on soil strength and mobility SO MILITARY ASPECTS OF HYDROGEOLOGY SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB History has repeatedly demonstrated the potentially negative influence of near-surface hydrology on military mobility. Increased moisture and saturation in soil results in a transition from solid to somewhat liquid states. As soil approaches the liquid state, the shear strength available for supporting traffic of ground vehicles or aircraft diminishes. Historical engagements elucidate the importance for armies to recognize soil conditions that could compromise manoeuvre. Since World War II, the US Army has pursued research aimed at equipping soldiers with the tools and knowledge needed to account for the impact of near-surface hydrology on mobility. Significant portions of the research have been focused on characterizing soil trafficability as a controlling factor in ground vehicle mobility and on developing methods for rapidly assessing soil conditions to ensure adequate bearing capacity for expediently constructed roads and airfields. In contrast, hydrological conditions can also produce extremely dry soil with potential for surface layers to break down under ground vehicle and aircraft traffic loadings, resulting in a propensity for extreme dust generation, an entirely different problem for military mobility that the research has also been addressing. Mobility problems associated with these adverse soil conditions have not been eliminated, but the research has produced significant advancements. C1 [Priddy, Jody D.; Berney, Ernest S.; Peters, John F.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Priddy, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM jody.d.priddy@usace.army.mil NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-340-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2012 VL 362 BP 301 EP 320 DI 10.1144/SP362.17 D2 10.1144/SP362.0 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA BBX39 UT WOS:000308559600018 ER PT S AU Miller, J Foran, C AF Miller, Jerry Foran, Christy BE Rose, EPF Mather, JD TI Development of cleanup technologies for the management of US military installations SO MILITARY ASPECTS OF HYDROGEOLOGY SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In 1989 the environmental restoration programmes conducted independently by the US Army, Navy and Air Force were rationalized to jointly support research and technology transfer in this important field. By 1994 cleanup efforts were concentrated in four main areas: site investigation, groundwater modelling, treatment technologies and the fate/impact of potential contaminants. Since 1994, technology development has moved forward rapidly. Groundwater monitoring wells have served as the conventional method of collecting groundwater samples, although direct pushed technologies are now providing a faster and cheaper alternative. A range of groundwater models has been supported and a model is being developed for the Army to forecast the fate and risk of constituents derived from munitions. Cleanup technologies are increasingly moving away from processes that remove sediment or groundwater to in situ solutions. These include range management using lime, the establishment of biologically active zones for indigenous microbes, and phytoremediation. The environmental fate of contaminants has been predicted using flexible models. Examples are given from a number of sites including the US Military Academy at West Point and Langley Air Force Base. Investment continues to support studies to provide safer, faster and better remediation of contaminants related to past military use. C1 [Miller, Jerry; Foran, Christy] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miller, J (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Jerry.L.Miller@usace.army.mil NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-340-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2012 VL 362 BP 321 EP 342 DI 10.1144/SP362.18 D2 10.1144/SP362.0 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA BBX39 UT WOS:000308559600019 ER PT J AU Xing, LD Borodin, O AF Xing, Lidan Borodin, Oleg TI Oxidation induced decomposition of ethylene carbonate from DFT calculations - importance of explicitly treating surrounding solvent SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LI-ION BATTERIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; POSITIVE ELECTRODE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; ANODIC STABILITY; REDOX SHUTTLES; POTENTIALS; ANIONS; GRAPHITE AB The oxidation induced reactions of the common lithium battery electrolyte solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) have been investigated for EC2 using density functional theory and for selected reaction paths using Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP4). The importance of explicitly treating at least one solvent molecule interacting with EC during oxidation (removal of an electron) on the EC oxidation potential and decomposition reactions was shown by comparing oxidation of EC and EC2. Accuracy of DFT results was evaluated by comparing with MP4 and G4 values for oxidation of EC. The polarized continuum model (PCM) was used to implicitly include the rest of the surrounding solvent. The oxidation potentials of EC2 and EC4 were found to be significantly lower than the intrinsic oxidation potential of an isolated EC and also lower than the oxidation potential of EC-BF4-. The exothermic proton abstraction from the ethylene group of EC by the carbonyl group of another EC was responsible for the decreased oxidative stability of EC2 and EC4 compared to EC. The most exothermic path with the smallest barrier for EC2 oxidation yielded CO2 and an ethanol radical cation. The reaction paths with the higher barrier yielded oligo(ethylene carbonate) suggesting a pathway for the experimentally observed poly(ethylene carbonate) formation of EC-based electrolytes at cathode surfaces. C1 [Borodin, Oleg] USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Xing, Lidan] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Xing, Lidan] S China Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Environm, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Borodin, O (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM oleg.a.borodin.civ@mail.mil RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-IA01-11EE003413]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory [DE-IA01-11EE003413]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China [1035106310 1000001]; University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing, DoD's High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP FX This work was supported via an Interagency Agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under DE-IA01-11EE003413 for the Office of Vehicle Technologies Programs including Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) and ABR Programs. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 1035106310 1000001). Helpful discussions with Arthur von Wald Cresce, T. Richard Jow, Kang Xu, Shengshui Zhang and Kevin Leung are highly appreciated. Support from the University of Utah Center for High Performance Computing, DoD's High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) is greatly acknowledged. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 63 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 37 BP 12838 EP 12843 DI 10.1039/c2cp41103b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 996OT UT WOS:000308101100018 PM 22885926 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI Introduction to Emitter Geolocation SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID LOCATION C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000002 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI Triangulation SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ONLY TARGET LOCATION; KALMAN FILTER; EMITTER LOCATION; PERFORMANCE; REQUIREMENTS; TRACKING; SYSTEMS C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 15 EP 138 PG 124 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000003 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI Electronic Warfare Target Location Methods Second Edition Preface SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP XV EP XVI PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000001 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI DF Techniques SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 139 EP 187 PG 49 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000004 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI MUSIC SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 189 EP 223 PG 35 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000005 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI Quadratic Position-Fixing Methods SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TIME-DELAY; PARTICLE FILTERS; DIFFERENCE; LOCATION; RANGE; LOCALIZATION; TRACKING; SYSTEMS; TDOA C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 225 EP 292 PG 68 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000006 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI Time Delay Estimation SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COHERENCE C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 293 EP 333 PG 41 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000007 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI Single-Site Location Techniques SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODEL C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 335 EP 374 PG 40 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000008 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI Grassmann Algebra SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 375 EP 397 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000009 ER PT B AU Poisel, RA AF Poisel, Richard A. BA Poisel, RA BF Poisel, RA TI Nonlinear Programming Algorithms SO ELECTRONIC WARFARE TARGET LOCATION METHODS, SECOND EDITION SE Artech House Radar Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Poisel, Richard A.] Armys Intelligence Ctr, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poisel, Richard A.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Intelligence & Informat Warfare Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-60807-523-2 J9 ARTECH HSE RADAR LIB PY 2012 BP 399 EP 412 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF43 UT WOS:000304018000010 ER PT J AU Boxer, A Knopman, D Kaufer, D Grossman, M Onyike, C Graf-Radford, N Mendez, M Shapira, J Lerner, A Wu, CK Koestler, M Sullivan, K Toohey, C Nicholson, R Ullah, J Neuhaus, J Mesulam, MM Kerwin, D Miller, B AF Boxer, Adam Knopman, David Kaufer, Dan Grossman, Murray Onyike, Chiadi Graf-Radford, Neill Mendez, Mario Shapira, Jill Lerner, Alan Wu, Chuang-Kuo Koestler, Mary Sullivan, Kathryn Toohey, Charles Nicholson, Robert Ullah, Jerin Neuhaus, John Mesulam, M. Marsel Kerwin, Diana Miller, Bruce TI A 26-week, multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of memantine for behavioral variant FTD and semantic variant PPA SO DEMENTIA AND GERIATRIC COGNITIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Conference on Frontotemporal Dementias CY SEP 05-07, 2012 CL Manchester, ENGLAND C1 [Knopman, David; Kaufer, Dan; Grossman, Murray; Onyike, Chiadi; Graf-Radford, Neill; Mendez, Mario; Shapira, Jill; Lerner, Alan; Wu, Chuang-Kuo; Mesulam, M. Marsel; Kerwin, Diana] USA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-8008 J9 DEMENT GERIATR COGN JI Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. PY 2012 VL 33 SU 1 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 003LG UT WOS:000308612400063 ER PT J AU Filiano, A Martens, LH Young, A Zhou, P Diaz-Ramirez, G Huang, E Farese, R Roberson, E AF Filiano, Anthony Herl Martens, Lauren Young, Allen Zhou, Ping Diaz-Ramirez, Grisell Huang, Eric Farese, Robert Roberson, Erik TI FTD-Related Deficits Without Neuroinflammation in Progranulin Haploinsufficiency SO DEMENTIA AND GERIATRIC COGNITIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Conference on Frontotemporal Dementias CY SEP 05-07, 2012 CL Manchester, ENGLAND C1 [Filiano, Anthony; Herl Martens, Lauren; Young, Allen; Zhou, Ping; Diaz-Ramirez, Grisell; Huang, Eric; Farese, Robert; Roberson, Erik] USA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-8008 J9 DEMENT GERIATR COGN JI Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. PY 2012 VL 33 SU 1 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 003LG UT WOS:000308612400069 ER PT J AU VanVactor, JD AF VanVactor, Jerry D. TI Strategic health care logistics planning in emergency management SO DISASTER PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Supply chain management; Health care; Public health; Distribution management; Emergency response; Logistics; Strategic planning AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide, first, an explication of the interconnectivity of logistics as an element of health care disaster posturing and second, to use a context of strategic-level planning, for supply chain management's inclusion in health care emergency management planning. Design/methodology/approach - Using a review of existent literature, this work examines and expounds upon the impact of effective supply chain management processes in disaster mitigation and planning. Findings - This paper presents a discourse in health care supply chain management's involvement in disaster mitigation by clarifying the role of logistics in strategic-level planning. Practical implications - Optimally, for a health care organization to be truly prepared for disaster, leaders must first have a sound logistics platform from whence support and sustainment are received. For an organization to be truly prepared logistically, however, there must exist a basic understanding of principles related to emergency management and health care operations. Social implications - Arguably, a critical path to success in health care supply chain readiness posturing involves evidence-based, critically applied insight into disaster mitigation and preparations across multiple echelons of managerial responsibilities. Originality/value - A key recurring problem is that little research is available or related specifically to health care logistics management. Few works can be found concerning health care supply chain management's involvement in disaster posturing. In an applied sense, the paper provides health care managers with concepts related to effective crisis mitigation. C1 USA, Med Serv Corps, Ft Wainwright, AK USA. RP VanVactor, JD (reprint author), USA, Med Serv Corps, Ft Wainwright, AK USA. EM jerry.d.vanvactor@gmail.com NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 29 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0965-3562 J9 DISASTER PREV MANAG JI Disaster Prev. Manag. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1108/09653561211234480 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Management SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Business & Economics GA 996SM UT WOS:000308115100002 ER PT S AU Burks, SD Nguyen, Q AF Burks, Stephen D. Nguyen, Quang BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Advanced trend removal in 3D Noise calculation SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB While it is now common practice to use a trend removal to eliminate low frequency fixed pattern noise in thermal imaging systems, there is still some disagreement as to whether one means of trend removal is better than another and whether or not the strength of the trend removal should be limited. The different methods for trend removal will be presented as well as an analysis of the calculated noise as a function of their strengths will be presented for various thermal imaging systems. In addition, trend removals were originally put in place in order to suppress the low-frequency component of the Sigma VH term. It is now prudent to perform a trend removal at an intermediate noise calculation step in order to suppress the low frequency component of both the Sigma V and Sigma H components. A discussion of the ramifications of this change in measurement will be included for thermal modeling considerations. C1 [Burks, Stephen D.; Nguyen, Quang] USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Burks, SD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835509 DI 10.1117/12.917726 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000006 ER PT S AU Burks, SD Doe, JM Fanning, J Preece, B AF Burks, Stephen D. Doe, Joshua M. Fanning, Jonathan Preece, Bradley BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Using GStreamer to perform real time MRTD measurements on thermal imaging systems SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB The GStreamer architecture allows for simple modularized processing. Individual GStreamer elements have been developed that allow for control, measurement, and ramping of a blackbody, for capturing continuous imagery from a sensor, for segmenting out a MRTD target, for applying a blur equivalent to that of a human eye and a display, and for thresholding a processed target contrast for "calling" it. A discussion of each of the components will be followed by an analysis of its performance relative to that of human observers. C1 [Burks, Stephen D.; Doe, Joshua M.; Fanning, Jonathan; Preece, Bradley] USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Burks, SD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RI Doe, Jane/B-8500-2015 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835504 DI 10.1117/12.917728 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000002 ER PT S AU Espinola, RL Aghera, S Thompson, R Miller, J AF Espinola, Richard L. Aghera, Sameer Thompson, Roger Miller, Jason BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Turbulence degradation and mitigation performance for handheld weapon ID SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Turbulence degradation; turbulence mitigation; target identification; turbulence estimation ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE AB Atmospheric turbulence can severely limit the range performance of state-of-the-art large aperture imaging sensor systems, specifically those intended for long range ground to ground target identification. Simple and cost-effective mitigation solutions which operate in real-time are desired. Software-based post-processing techniques are attractive as they lend themselves to easy implementation and integration into the back-end of existing sensor systems. Recently, various post-processing algorithms to mitigate turbulence have been developed and implemented in real-time hardware. To determine their utility in Army-relevant tactical scenarios, an assessment of the impact of the post processing on observer performance is required. In this paper, we test a set of representative turbulence mitigation algorithms on field collected data of human targets carrying various handheld objects in varying turbulence conditions. We use a controlled human perception test to assess handheld weapon identification performance before and after turbulence mitigation post-processing. In addition, novel image analysis tools are implemented to estimate turbulence strength from the scene. Results of this assessment will lead to recommendations on cost-effective turbulence mitigation strategies suitable for future sensor systems. C1 [Espinola, Richard L.; Aghera, Sameer; Thompson, Roger; Miller, Jason] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Espinola, RL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 83550S DI 10.1117/12.919874 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000024 ER PT S AU Friedman, MH Choi, HS Cha, J Reynolds, JP AF Friedman, Melvin H. Choi, Hee-Sue Cha, Jae Reynolds, Joseph P. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Validating an analytical technique for calculating detection probability given time dependent search parameters SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Search; Detection; Acquisition; Modeling; Perception; Test; Motion AB The search problem discussed in this paper is easily stated: given search parameters (P-infinity, tau) that are known functions of time, calculate how the probability of a single observer to acquire a target grows with time. This problem was solved analytically in a previous paper. To investigate the validity of the solution, videos generated using NVIG software show the view from a vehicle traveling at two different speeds along a flat, straight road. Small, medium and large sized equilateral triangles with the same gray level as the road but without texture were placed at random positions on a textured road and military observers were tasked to find the targets. Analysis of this video in perception experiments yields experimental probability of detection as a function of time. Static perception tests enabled P-infinity and tau to be measured as a function of range for the small, medium and large triangles. Since range is a known function of time, P-infinity and tau were known as functions of time. This enabled the calculation of modeled detection probabilities which were then compared with measured detection probabilities. C1 [Friedman, Melvin H.; Choi, Hee-Sue; Cha, Jae; Reynolds, Joseph P.] USA, RDECOM, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Friedman, MH (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, Commun Elect Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835511 DI 10.1117/12.921020 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000032 ER PT S AU Haefner, DP Burks, SD AF Haefner, David P. Burks, Stephen D. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Noise estimation of an MTF measurement SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE System characterization; MTF measurement; Thermal Imaging Systems ID MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION; SAMPLED IMAGING-SYSTEMS; SENSORS AB The modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement is critical for understanding the performance of an EOIR system. Unfortunately, due to both spatially correlated and spatially un-correlated noise sources, the performance of the MTF measurement (specifically near the cutoff) can be severely degraded. When using a 2D imaging system, the intrinsic sampling of the 1D edge spread function (ESF) allows for redundant samples to be averaged suppressing the noise contributions. The increase in the signal-to-noise will depend on the angle of the edge with respect to the sampling along with the specified re-sampling rate. In this paper, we demonstrate how the information in the final ESF can be used to identify the contribution of noise. With an estimate of the noise, the noise-limited portion of MTF measurement can be identified. Also, we demonstrate how the noise-limited portion of the MTF measurement can be used in combination with a fitting routine to provide a smoothed measurement. C1 [Haefner, David P.; Burks, Stephen D.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Haefner, DP (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835506 DI 10.1117/12.917723 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000004 ER PT S AU Hodgkin, VA Hixson, JG Corbin, T Armentrout, WP AF Hodgkin, Van A. Hixson, Jonathan G. Corbin, Ted Armentrout, William P. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Impact of Waveband on Target-to-Background Contrast of Camouflage SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB The purpose of military camouflage is to make an object hard to see, or to confuse a hostile observer as to its true nature. Perfect camouflage would do this by making itself invisible against its surroundings. Currently, the best camouflage attempts to make the target appear to be a natural part of the background. An imperfect but still very useful metric of this similarity between target and background is the at-range contrast difference between them, and the smaller that is, the harder it is to discern the camouflaged object and the longer it takes to determine its true nature. The intrinsic contrast difference in the reflective wavebands (i.e., visible through short wave infrared), is a function of the spectral nature of the scene illumination and the spectral reflectivity of the camouflage and background. Until recently, military camouflages have been typically designed to work best in the visible band against one of the generic background types such as woodland, desert, arctic, etc., without significant attention paid to performance against a different background, type of scene illumination, or different waveband. This paper documents an investigation into the dependence of the contrast difference behavior of camouflage as a function of waveband, background, and scene illumination using battle dress uniforms (BDU) as material. C1 [Hodgkin, Van A.; Hixson, Jonathan G.; Corbin, Ted] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Hodgkin, VA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835519 DI 10.1117/12.921462 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000040 ER PT S AU Howell, CL AF Howell, Christopher L. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Benchmarking Image Fusion Algorithm Performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE image fusion assessment; performance benchmark; image fusion AB Registering two images produced by two separate imaging sensors having different detector sizes and fields of view requires one of the images to undergo transformation operations that may cause its overall quality to degrade with regards to visual task performance. This possible change in image quality could add to an already existing difference in measured task performance. Ideally, a fusion algorithm would take as input unaltered outputs from each respective sensor used in the process. Therefore, quantifying how well an image fusion algorithm performs should be base lined to whether the fusion algorithm retained the performance benefit achievable by each independent spectral band being fused. This study investigates an identification perception experiment using a simple and intuitive process for discriminating between image fusion algorithm performances. The results from a classification experiment using information theory based image metrics is presented and compared to perception test results. The results show an effective performance benchmark for image fusion algorithms can be established using human perception test data. Additionally, image metrics have been identified that either agree with or surpass the performance benchmark established. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Howell, CL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835513 DI 10.1117/12.918418 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000034 ER PT S AU Maschal, R Young, SS AF Maschal, Robert Young, S. Susan BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Locally Adaptive Contrast Enhancement and Dynamic Range Compression SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE contrast enhancement; dynamic range compression; locally adaptive; aerial images ID SURFACES; REMOVAL AB In surveillance applications, the visibility of details within an image is necessary to ensure detection. However, bright spots in images can occupy most of the dynamic range of the sensor, causing lower energy details to appear dark and difficult to see. In addition, shadows from structures such as buildings or bridges obscure features within the image, further limiting contrast. Dynamic range compression and contrast enhancement algorithms can be used to improve the visibility of these low energy details. In this paper, we propose a locally adaptive contrast enhancement algorithm based on the multi-scale wavelet transform to compress the dynamic range of images as well as increase the visibility of details obscured by shadows. Using an edge detector as the mother wavelet, this algorithm operates by increasing the gain of low energy gradient magnitudes provided by the wavelet transform, while simultaneously decreasing the gain of higher energy gradient magnitudes. Limits on the amount of gain imposed are set locally to prevent the over-enhancement of noise. The results of using the proposed method on aerial images show that this method outperforms common methods in its ability to enhance small details while simultaneously preventing ringing artifacts and noise over-enhancement. C1 [Maschal, Robert; Young, S. Susan] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Maschal, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835518 DI 10.1117/12.918505 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000039 ER PT S AU Preece, BL Haefner, DP Fanning, JD AF Preece, Bradley L. Haefner, David P. Fanning, Jonathan D. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Modeling boost performance using a two dimensional implementation of the Targeting Task Performance metric SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE boost; Wiener filter; 2D TTP metric; target acquisition; performance modeling; separable AB Using post-processing filters to enhance image detail, a process commonly referred to as boost, can significantly affect the performance of an EO/IR system. The US Army's target acquisition models currently use the Targeting Task Performance (TTP) metric to quantify sensor performance. The TTP metric accounts for each element in the system including: blur and noise introduced by the imager, any additional post-processing steps, and the effects of the Human Visual System (HVS). The current implementation of the TTP metric assumes spatial separability, which can introduce significant errors when the TTP is applied to systems using non-separable filters. To accurately apply the TTP metric to systems incorporating boost, we have implement a two-dimensional (2D) version of the TTP metric. The accuracy of the 2D TTP metric was verified through a series of perception experiments involving various levels of boost. The 2D TTP metric has been incorporated into the Night Vision Integrated Performance Model (NV-IPM) allowing accurate system modeling of non-separable image filters. C1 [Preece, Bradley L.; Haefner, David P.; Fanning, Jonathan D.] USA, RDECOM, CERCEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Preece, BL (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERCEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 83550Y DI 10.1117/12.920998 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000029 ER PT S AU Teaney, BP AF Teaney, Brian P. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Weighted contrast metric for imaging system performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB There have been significant improvements in the image quality metrics used in the NVESD model suite in recent years. The introduction of the Targeting Task Performance (TTP) metric to replace the Johnson criteria yielded significantly more accurate predictions for under-sampled imaging systems in particular. However, there are certain cases which cause the TTP metric to predict optimistic performance. In this paper a new metric for predicting performance of imaging systems is described. This new weighted contrast metric is characterized as a hybrid of the TTP metric and Johnson criteria. Results from a number of historical perception studies are presented to compare the performance of the TTP metric and Johnson criteria to the newly proposed metric. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Teaney, BP (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835516 DI 10.1117/12.921049 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000037 ER PT S AU Teaney, BP Du Bosq, TW Reynolds, JP Thompson, R Aghera, S Moyer, SK Flug, E Espinola, R Hixson, J AF Teaney, Brian P. Du Bosq, Todd W. Reynolds, Joseph P. Thompson, Roger Aghera, Sameer Moyer, Steve K. Flug, Eric Espinola, Richard Hixson, Jonathan BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Human target acquisition performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Task Difficulty; V50; target acquisition; performance model; human targets ID SYSTEMS; URBAN AB The battlefield has shifted from armored vehicles to armed insurgents. Target acquisition (identification, recognition, and detection) range performance involving humans as targets is vital for modern warfare. The acquisition and neutralization of armed insurgents while at the same time minimizing fratricide and civilian casualties is a mounting concern. U. S. Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD has conducted many experiments involving human targets for infrared and reflective band sensors. The target sets include human activities, hand-held objects, uniforms & armament, and other tactically relevant targets. This paper will define a set of standard task difficulty values for identification and recognition associated with human target acquisition performance. C1 [Teaney, Brian P.; Du Bosq, Todd W.; Reynolds, Joseph P.; Thompson, Roger; Aghera, Sameer; Moyer, Steve K.; Flug, Eric; Espinola, Richard; Hixson, Jonathan] USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Teaney, BP (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 835510 DI 10.1117/12.979252 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000031 ER PT S AU Tofsted, DH AF Tofsted, David H. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Short-Exposure Passive Imaging Through Path-Varying Convective Boundary Layer Turbulence SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Atmospheric turbulence; atmospheric optics; Image formation theory; Modulation transfer function AB As is well known, the turbulent coherence diameter is evaluated via an integral over path varying turbulence. However, a recent analysis also suggests a system aperture size effect that interacts with the coherence diameter effect. This effect, due to the phase structure function, produces an altered behavior on the short-exposure atmospheric modulation transfer function (MTF). This behavior can be modeled as multiplicative adjustments to two dimensionless imaging scenario parameters. To illustrate these effects, path dependent turbulence effects are introduced through the context of a daytime convective boundary layer scenario featuring turbulence strength that varies as a function of height to the minus-four-thirds power. Two path geometry cases are studied: slant path propagation above flat terrain, where the object viewed and observer are at varying heights, and propagation between an object viewed and an observer at equal heights above the terrain situated on opposite sides of a valley. Results for both cases show the newly proposed atmospheric MTF is unaltered in form, but that path dependent scaling laws apply to the two governing dimensionless parameters. Scaling relations are plotted for each case studied, and the integral relations developed can be easily computed for further specific cases. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Tofsted, DH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. EM David.H.Tofsted.civ@mail.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 83550J DI 10.1117/12.920840 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000015 ER PT J AU Godfrey, T Maze, B Senecal, K Yip, P AF Godfrey, Thomas Maze, Benoit Senecal, Kris Yip, Pearl TI Sheet Resistance of Continuous Filament Nonwoven Fabrics SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article ID FIBER-ORIENTATION; CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; COMPOSITES; SIMULATION; NETWORKS; MEDIA AB Two modeling techniques are introduced to predict the sheet resistance of electrically conductive continuous filament nonwoven fabric: a two-dimensional (2-D) discrete filament stochastic resistor network simulation, and a simple analysis using a laminate analogy. The effects of anisotropy and sample size are considered. Results are compared with experiments on a silver coated point bonded nylon nonwoven fabric. For this particular sample, experimental sheet resistance results are significantly under-predicted by the 2-D analytical and simulation approaches where perfect inter-filament bonding is assumed. The utility of the 2-D perfect bonding predictions as a ultimate lower bound on the sheet resistance that may be achieved by extremely well-bonded continuous filament networks is discussed. Simulations of 2-D filament webs with poor inter-filament bonding and moderate anisotropy are shown to agree well with the present experiments. Taken together, the present results suggest that modeling of the in-plane conduction behavior of a general continuous filament nonwoven fabric requires a 3-D structural approach to capture the effect of an appropriate number density of inter-filaments bonds. C1 [Godfrey, Thomas; Senecal, Kris; Yip, Pearl] USA, Natick Solider RDE Ctr, Natick, MA USA. [Maze, Benoit] NC State Uni, Nonwovens Inst, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Godfrey, T (reprint author), USA, Natick Solider RDE Ctr, Natick, MA USA. EM Thomas.Godfrey@us.army.mil RI Senecal, Kris/F-3000-2013 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 998EQ UT WOS:000308220500009 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS AF Zhang, Sheng S. TI Binder Based on Polyelectrolyte for High Capacity Density Lithium/Sulfur Battery SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR BATTERIES; RATE CAPABILITY; CATHODE; GELATIN; CELLS; PERFORMANCE AB Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) battery is unique in that it is indeed a liquid electrochemical system. In discharge, elemental sulfur is first reduced into high order polysulfide (PS, Li2Sx, x = 8), which dissolves into liquid electrolyte and leaves voids in the cathode, whereas in the last stage, the dissolved low order PS (Li2Sx, x = 4) is reduced into insoluble Li2S2 and Li2S, which fill the voids up. In order to facilitate reversible cycling, the sulfur cathode is required to be capable of retaining the stable void structure. For this purpose, we introduce a poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (AMAC) as the binder of high sulfur loading cathodes. AMAC is a cationic polyelectrolyte, which is substantially insoluble in organic solvent while being highly soluble in water. This feature enables the cathode to retain the stable void structure formed repeatedly during discharge and charge cycling of the sulfur cathode. However, in the process of aqueous slurry coating, AMAC causes severe pitting corrosion of Al current collector. In this work, we study AMAC binder by comparing it with the conventional poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) binder, discussing the mechanism of Al pitting corrosion, and finally solving the problem of Al corrosion. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.039208jes] All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 12 U2 146 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 8 BP A1226 EP A1229 DI 10.1149/2.039208jes PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 002TS UT WOS:000308559400015 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS AF Zhang, Sheng S. TI Effect of Discharge Cutoff Voltage on Reversibility of Lithium/Sulfur Batteries with LiNO3-Contained Electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR BATTERIES; CATHODE AB LiNO3 is unique in suppressing the redox shuttle of lithium polysulfides in Li/S battery. In this paper we evaluate the effect of discharge cutoff voltage on the reversibility of Li/S battery with a LiNO3-contained electrolyte. Based on a study of the liquid Li/S cells with a 0.05 m Li2S9 solution as the catholyte, we find that the highly reversible discharge and charge cycling of Li/S cells occurs at higher than 1.8 V vs. Li/Li+, which corresponds to a multistage redox process of the sulfur cathode between elemental sulfur and insoluble Li2S2. At lower potentials, not only the Li2S2 is reduced into poorly reversible Li2S, but also the LiNO3 is reduced irreversibly. Moreover, the irreversible reduction of LiNO3 further reduces the reversibility of the poorly reversible Li2S, resulting in a significant slowdown in the electrode reaction kinetics and a permanent loss in the reversibility of the Li/S cell. This work suggests that deep discharge must be avoided for a long cycle life Li/S battery when LiNO3 is used as an additive or a co-salt of the electrolyte. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.002207jes] All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, RDRL SED C, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shengshui.zhang.civ@mail.mil RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110 NR 15 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 14 U2 144 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 7 BP A920 EP A923 DI 10.1149/2.002207jes PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 002TC UT WOS:000308557200002 ER PT J AU Griffith, J AF Griffith, James TI Army Suicides: "Knowns" and an Interpretative Framework for Future Directions SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES MILITARY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; NATIONAL-GUARD; AGE; YOUTH; RATES; PREVENTION; HEALTH; COMBAT AB Studies have yielded consistent variables associated with military suicides: age (17 to 30 years), gender (male), race (white), and previous mental health conditions. Military experience variables have shown little associations with suicide. Taken together, findings may be explained, in part, by age-specific psychosocial tasks (e. g., intimacy versus isolation and identity versus role confusion). Both relate directly to the extent that the individual is socially integrated-tasks health and medical research literature have described as increasingly more difficult for youth to effectively accomplish. Contextual circumstances, such as gender and race, appear to provide necessary supports to successfully accomplish these psychosocial tasks. C1 [Griffith, James] USA, Natl Guard, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Griffith, J (reprint author), 10956 Bellehaven Blvd, Damascus, MD 20872 USA. EM griffithjh@verizon.net NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 5 BP 488 EP 512 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.716269 PG 25 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 003DY UT WOS:000308589600004 ER PT J AU Chen, JYC Barnes, MJ AF Chen, Jessie Y. C. Barnes, Michael J. TI Supervisory control of multiple robots in dynamic tasking environments SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE human-robot interaction; supervisory control; level of autonomy; intelligent agent; military; individual differences ID SIMULATED MULTITASKING ENVIRONMENT; HUMAN-PERFORMANCE ISSUES; WORKING-MEMORY CAPACITY; USER-INTERFACE DESIGN; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CONCURRENT PERFORMANCE; AUTOMATION; INFORMATION; MILITARY; WORKLOAD AB A military targeting environment was simulated to examine the effects of an intelligent route-planning agent RoboLeader, which could support dynamic robot re-tasking based on battlefield developments, on the performance of robotics operators. We manipulated the level of assistance (LOAs) provided by RoboLeader as well as the presence of a visualisation tool that provided feedback to the participants on their primary task (target encapsulation) performance. Results showed that the participants' primary task benefited from RoboLeader on all LOAs conditions compared to manual performance; however, visualisation had little effect. Frequent video gamers demonstrated significantly better situation awareness of the mission environment than did infrequent gamers. Those participants with higher spatial ability performed better on a secondary target detection task than did those with lower spatial ability. Finally, participants' workload assessments were significantly lower when they were assisted by RoboLeader than when they performed the target entrapment task manually. Practitioner Summary: This study demonstrated the utility of an intelligent agent for enhancing robotics operators' supervisory control performance as well as reducing their workload during a complex urban scenario involving moving targets. The results furthered the understanding of the interplay among level-of-autonomy, multitasking performance and individual differences in military tasking environments. C1 [Chen, Jessie Y. C.; Barnes, Michael J.] USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chen, JYC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jessie.chen@us.army.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; Safe Operations for Unmanned Reconnaissance in Complex Environments (SOURCE) Army Technology Objective (ATO) FX This research was funded by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Director's Research Initiative Program and the Safe Operations for Unmanned Reconnaissance in Complex Environments (SOURCE) Army Technology Objective (ATO). The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following individuals: Zhihua Qu, Mark Snyder, Daniel Barber, David Adams, Stephanie Quinn, and William Plew. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2012 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1043 EP 1058 DI 10.1080/00140139.2012.689013 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 996PO UT WOS:000308104400006 PM 22676776 ER PT J AU Goethals, PL Cho, BR AF Goethals, Paul L. Cho, Byung Rae TI Designing the optimal process mean vector for mixed multiple quality characteristics SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Quality; optimal process mean vector; response surface methodology; multivariate skew normal distribution ID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH; SKEW-NORMAL-DISTRIBUTION; TARGET VALUES; MULTIRESPONSE OPTIMIZATION; ECONOMIC SELECTION; TOLERANCE DESIGN; QUADRATIC LOSS; 2 MACHINES; MODEL; PRODUCTS AB For the manufacturing community, determining the optimal process mean can often lead to a significant reduction in waste and increased opportunity for monetary gain. Given the process specification limits and associated rework or rejection costs, the traditional method for identifying the optimal process mean involves assuming values for each of the process distribution parameters prior to implementing an optimization scheme. In contrast, this article proposes integrating response surface methods into the framework of the problem, thus removing the need to make assumptions on the parameters. Furthermore, whereas researchers have studied models to investigate this research problem for a single quality characteristic and multiple nominal-the-best type characteristics, this article specifically examines the mixed multiple quality characteristic problem. A non-linear programming routine with economic considerations is established to facilitate the identification of the optimal process mean vector. An analysis of the sensitivity corresponding to the cost structure, tolerance, and quality loss settings is also provided to illustrate their effect on the solutions. C1 [Goethals, Paul L.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Cho, Byung Rae] Clemson Univ, Adv Qual Engn Lab, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Goethals, PL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM paul.goethals@usma.edu; bcho@clemson.edu NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PY 2012 VL 44 IS 11 SI SI BP 1002 EP 1021 DI 10.1080/0740817X.2012.655061 PG 20 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 996YA UT WOS:000308129500007 ER PT S AU Nguyen, HV Cheng, JRC Berger, CR Savant, G AF Nguyen, Hung V. Cheng, Jing-Ru C. Berger, Charlie R. Savant, Gaurav BE Ali, H Shi, Y Khazanchi, D Lees, M VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI A Mass Conservation Algorithm For Adaptive Unrefinement Meshes Used By Finite Element Methods SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, ICCS 2012 SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY JUN 04-06, 2012 CL Omaha, NE SP Univ Nebraska, Universiteit Amsterdam, Univ Tennessee, Nanyang Technol Univ, Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Fictitious Econ & Data Sci, Elsevier, Univ Nebraska, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Gallup Org, Union Pacific Railroad, Interpubl Grp Co (IPG) DE Adaptive mesh; finite element method; mass conservative; shallow-water flow; ADH model ID TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS; STRATEGY; SCHEMES AB The Adaptive Hydraulics (ADH) model is an adaptive finite element method to simulate three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow, unsaturated and saturated groundwater flow, overland flow, and two-or three-dimensional shallow-water flow and transport. In the shallow-water flow and transport, especially involving multispecies transport, the water depth (h), the product of water depth and velocities (uh and vh), as well as water depth and chemical concentration (hc) are dependent variables of fluid-motion simulations and are often solved at various times. It is important for the numerical model to predict accurate water depth, velocity fields, and chemical distribution, as well as conserve mass, especially for water quality applications. Solution accuracy depends highly on mesh resolution. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), particularly the h-refinement, is often used to add new nodes in the region where they are needed and to remove others where they are no longer required during the simulation. The AMR is proven to optimize the performance of a computed solution. However, mass with gain or loss can occur when elements are merged due to removing a node at mesh coarsening. Therefore, we develop and implement the mass-conservative unrefinement algorithm to ensure the mass conserved in a merged element in which a node has been removed. This study describes the use of the Galerkin finite element method to redistribute mass to nodes comprising a merged element. The algorithm was incorporated into the ADH code. This algorithm minimizes mass error during the unrefinement process to conserve mass during the simulation for two-dimensional shallow-water flow and transport. The implementation neither significantly increases the computational time nor memory usage. The simulation was run with various numbers of processors. The results showed good scaling of solution time as the number of processors increases. C1 [Nguyen, Hung V.; Cheng, Jing-Ru C.] USA, ERDC, ITL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Nguyen, HV (reprint author), USA, ERDC, ITL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM hung.v.nguyen@usace.army.mil; ruth.c.cheng@usace.army.mil; charlie.r.berger@usace.army.mil; gaurav.savant@usace.army.mil RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 9 BP 727 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.04.078 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBA26 UT WOS:000306288400077 ER PT S AU Eller, PR Cheng, JRC Maier, RS AF Eller, Paul R. Cheng, Jing-Ru C. Maier, Robert S. BE Ali, H Shi, Y Khazanchi, D Lees, M VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Dynamic linear solver selection for transient simulations using multi-label classifiers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, ICCS 2012 SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY JUN 04-06, 2012 CL Omaha, NE SP Univ Nebraska, Universiteit Amsterdam, Univ Tennessee, Nanyang Technol Univ, Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Fictitious Econ & Data Sci, Elsevier B V, Univ Nebraska, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Gallup Org, Union Pacific Railroad, Interpubl Grp Co (IPG) DE machine learning; linear solvers; multi-label classifiers; ADH; MULAN; WEKA AB Many transient simulations spend a significant portion of the overall runtime solving a linear system. A wide variety of preconditioned linear solvers have been developed to quickly and accurately solve different types of linear systems, each having options to customize the preconditioned solver for a given linear system. Transient simulations may produce significantly different linear systems as the simulation progresses due to special events occurring that make the linear systems more difficult to solve or move the model closer to a state of equilibrium with easier to solve linear systems. Machine learning algorithms provide the ability to dynamically select the preconditioned linear solver for each linear system produced by a simulation. We test both single-label and multi-label classifiers, demonstrating that multi-label classifiers achieve the best performance due to associating multiple fast linear solvers with each tested linear system. For more difficult simulations, these classifiers produce significant speedups, while for less difficult simulations these classifiers achieve performance similar to the fastest single preconditioned linear solvers. We test classifiers generated using limited attribute sets, demonstrating that we can minimize overhead while still obtaining fast, accurate simulations. C1 [Eller, Paul R.; Cheng, Jing-Ru C.; Maier, Robert S.] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Eller, PR (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Paul.R.Eller@usace.army.mil; Ruth.C.Cheng@usace.army.mil; Robert.S.Maier@usace.army.mil RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 9 BP 1523 EP 1532 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.04.167 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBA26 UT WOS:000306288400165 ER PT S AU Briesch, D Hobbs, R Jaja, C Kjersten, B Voss, C AF Briesch, Doug Hobbs, Reginald Jaja, Claire Kjersten, Brian Voss, Clare BE Ali, H Shi, Y Khazanchi, D Lees, M VanAlbada, GD Dongarra, J Sloot, PMA TI Training and Evaluating a Statistical Part-of-Speech Tagger for Natural Language Applications using Kepler Workflows SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, ICCS 2012 SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY JUN 04-06, 2012 CL Omaha, NE SP Univ Nebraska, Universiteit Amsterdam, Univ Tennessee, Nanyang Technol Univ, Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Fictitious Econ & Data Sci, Elsevier B V, Univ Nebraska, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Gallup Org, Union Pacific Railroad, Interpubl Grp Co (IPG) DE natural language processing; part-of-speech tagging; computational linguistics; parallel corpora; machine translation; Arabic NLP; Penn treebank AB A core technology of natural language processing (NLP) incorporated into many text processing applications is a part-of-speech (POS) tagger, a software component that labels words in text with syntactic tags such as noun, verb, adjective, etc. These tags may then be used within more complex task such as parsing, question-answering, and machine translation (MT). In this paper we describe the phases of our work training and evaluating statistical POS taggers on Arabic texts and their English translations using Kepler workflows. While the original objectives for encapsulating our research code within Kepler workflows were driven by software engineering needs to document and verify the re-usability or our software, our research benefitted as well: the ease of rapid retraining and testing enabled our research to detect reporting discrepancies, document their source, independently validating the correct results. C1 [Briesch, Doug; Hobbs, Reginald; Voss, Clare] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Hobbs, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM reginald.hobbs@us.army.mil RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 9 BP 1588 EP 1594 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.04.174 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BBA26 UT WOS:000306288400172 ER PT J AU Perliger, A AF Perliger, Arie TI How Democracies Respond to Terrorism: Regime Characteristics, Symbolic Power and Counterterrorism SO SECURITY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID COUNTER-TERRORISM; SECURITY; CONCILIATION; GERMANY; THREAT AB While the academic study of counterterrorism has gained momentum in recent years, it still suffers from major theoretical weaknesses. One of the most prominent shortcomings is an absence of theories that can effectively explain the factors that shape the counterterrorism policies of democratic regimes. The present study attempts to fill this theoretical void in two ways. First, it proposes an analytical framework for a classification of counterterrorism policies. Second, it presents a theoretical framework that strives to uncover the factors that have influenced the struggle against domestic terrorism in democratic regimes. The analyses, which have used a unique and comprehensive dataset that documents counterterrorism policies in eighty-three democracies, show that the robustness of the regime's democratic foundations as well as the symbolic effect of terrorism are major forces in shaping the democratic response to it, while the direct impact of terrorism is less influential than assumed in the literature. C1 [Perliger, Arie] US Mil Acad, Combating Terrorism Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Perliger, Arie] US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY USA. RP Perliger, A (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Combating Terrorism Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 104 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0963-6412 EI 1556-1852 J9 SECUR STUD JI Secur. Stud. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 490 EP 528 DI 10.1080/09636412.2012.706505 PG 39 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 994JH UT WOS:000307926200009 ER PT J AU Grundfest, WS Lai, E Peterson, CM Friedl, KE AF Grundfest, Warren S. Lai, Eva Peterson, Charles M. Friedl, Karl E. TI Promoting Innovation and Convergence in Military Medicine: Technology-Inspired Problem Solving SO IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; PROTEIN; CELLS; PREDICTION; INTERVIEW; SYSTEM; TISSUE; MODEL AB Large organizations develop layers and rules for members to operate within accepted processes and conventions whereas innovation tends to occur in a less constrained, less conventional, and less risk averse environment. This basic cultural difference creates a need for protected semi-autonomous centers that cultivate great ideas, providing freedom to explore new concepts and harbor the zealots to champion them past institutional barriers to change. The management objective at the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) is to advocate and accelerate technology development and ensure beneficial implementation in the shortest possible time. TATRC accomplishes this objective through integrating multidisciplinary teams that combine engineering technology and physical sciences with both basic and applied clinical biosciences to solve medical problems. This convergence in medical research complements Department of Defense (DoD) investments in long term basic research and large investments in high risk problem solving. TATRC successes in this "technology push to satisfy clinical need" began with radiograph digitization standards and has continued to spin out medical systems and program initiatives to new DoD core programs in rehabilitative medicine (e.g., regenerative medicine, advanced prosthetics, vision research, and integrative pain management), medical modeling and simulation, and current combat zone telemedicine applications. TATRC "technology scouts" look for transformational approaches across traditional boundaries and provide active assistance to build new capabilities and to successfully complete projects through commercialization and DoD implementation. Many near term problems can be addressed by mature technologies in medical robotics, synthetic biology, tissue engineering, nano-and biomaterials science, medical imaging, and neuroengineering. Everyday technologies such as smartphones can be immediately harnessed for better access to medical care, improved safety and efficiency in medicine, technology management and ultimately reduced medical costs. The end result of this culture of convergence can be transformational, calling for disruptive change in technology and capability as exemplified by telemedicine and m-Health, fostered through the unique TATRC research management model. C1 [Grundfest, Warren S.; Lai, Eva; Peterson, Charles M.; Friedl, Karl E.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, TATRC, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Grundfest, WS (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, TATRC, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM karl.friedl@us.army.mil OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1531-636X EI 1558-0830 J9 IEEE CIRC SYST MAG JI IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 14 EP 29 DI 10.1109/MCAS.2012.2205974 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 995OI UT WOS:000308018800003 ER PT J AU Parks, KM McDonald, DP AF Parks, Kizzy M. McDonald, Daniel P. BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI Managing Diversity in the Military The value of inclusion in a culture of uniformity Introduction and chapter integration SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Parks, Kizzy M.] K Parks Consulting Inc, Melbourne, FL USA. [McDonald, Daniel P.] USA, Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Parks, KM (reprint author), K Parks Consulting Inc, Melbourne, FL USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000002 ER PT B AU Sherrer, BJ AF Sherrer, Brenda J. BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI Reframing the diversity discussion The need for internal dialogue SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGING DIVERSITY; ORGANIZATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SECTOR C1 [Sherrer, Brenda J.] USA, Divers Off, Arlington, VA USA. [Sherrer, Brenda J.] Gallaudet Univ, Washington, DC 20002 USA. [Sherrer, Brenda J.] Methodist Coll, Fayetteville, NC USA. [Sherrer, Brenda J.] Univ Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. RP Sherrer, BJ (reprint author), USA, Divers Off, Arlington, VA USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 9 EP 32 PG 24 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000003 ER PT J AU McGuire, WG AF McGuire, William Gary BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI 2K10 and beyond Diversity, inclusion, and respect for others in the US culture SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McGuire, William Gary] USA, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 55 EP 71 PG 17 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000005 ER PT J AU Lucas, JW Segal, DR AF Lucas, Jeffrey W. Segal, David R. BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI Status, power, and diversity in the military SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOCIAL IDENTITY; WOMEN C1 [Lucas, Jeffrey W.; Segal, David R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Res Mil Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Segal, David R.] Univ Maryland, Grad Program Leadership Educ & Dev, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Segal, David R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Sociol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Segal, David R.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Res Social Org, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Segal, David R.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci ARI, Sociol Res Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Lucas, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Res Mil Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 149 EP 161 PG 13 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000009 ER PT B AU Jenkins, G AF Jenkins, Gregory BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI Diversity and inclusion An equal opportunity practitioner's perspective SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Jenkins, G (reprint author), USA, Divers Off, Arlington, VA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 162 EP 173 PG 12 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000010 ER PT J AU Baines, LS Elster, EA Falta, EM Jindal, RM AF Baines, Lyndsay S. Elster, Eric A. Falta, Edward M. Jindal, Rahul M. BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI Wounded warriors An inclusive culture for all in the workplace SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Baines, Lyndsay S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, USA, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Baines, Lyndsay S.] Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Elster, Eric A.] NATO Role 3 Mil Med Unit, Kandahar, Afghanistan. [Elster, Eric A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Elster, Eric A.; Falta, Edward M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Elster, Eric A.; Falta, Edward M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Jindal, Rahul M.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Baines, LS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, USA, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000013 ER PT J AU Smith, JG Miller, KA McBain, M AF Smith, J. Goosby Miller, Katherine A. McBain, Mandy BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI LGB and possible challenges that will happen now that "Don't Ask Don't Tell" has been repealed SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MILITARY C1 [Smith, J. Goosby] Pepperdine Univ, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Miller, Katherine A.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Miller, Katherine A.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [McBain, Mandy] Navy Command HQ, Portsmouth, Hants, England. [McBain, Mandy] Britannia Royal Naval Coll, Dartmouth, Devon, England. RP Smith, JG (reprint author), Pepperdine Univ, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 231 EP 247 PG 17 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000014 ER PT J AU Hajjar, RM AF Hajjar, Remi M. BE McDonald, DP Parks, KM TI A new angle on the US military's emphasis on developing cross-cultural competence Connecting in-ranks' cultural diversity to cross-cultural competence SO MANAGING DIVERSITY IN THE MILITARY: THE VALUE OF INCLUSION IN A CULTURE OF UNIFORMITY SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hajjar, Remi M.] USA, Washington, DC USA. [Hajjar, Remi M.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Hajjar, Remi M.] Int Secur Assistance Force, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Hajjar, Remi M.] Multinatl Secur Transit Command, Baghdad, Iraq. RP Hajjar, RM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-60692-6 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2012 BP 248 EP 262 PG 15 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA BAZ10 UT WOS:000306135000015 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD AF Clayton, J. D. TI Towards a nonlinear elastic representation of finite compression and instability of boron carbide ceramic SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE nonlinear elasticity; anisotropy; stability; rhombohedral structure; ceramic; boron carbide ID PERFECT CRYSTALS; IDEAL CRYSTALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; STABILITY; FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; CONSTANTS; FRAGMENTATION; TEMPERATURE AB A nonlinear constitutive model invoking third-order anisotropic elasticity is developed for boron carbide single crystals subjected to potentially large compressive stresses. The model makes use of limited available published data from various experimental and theoretical (i.e., quantum or ab initio) studies. The model captures variations in second-order tangent elastic moduli and loss of elastic mechanical stability with increasing compression. In particular, reduced stability of boron carbide single crystals compressed normal to the c-axis (i.e., [0001]-direction) relative to higher stability in spherical compression is represented. Different stability criteria proposed in the literature are examined for boron carbide under spherical and uniaxial compression; model predictions show that the most critical criterion corresponds to a vanishing eigenvalue of a particular tangent stiffness matrix (i.e., incremental modulus) derived exactly in the present work. Model constants are proposed for CCC (less elastically stable) and polar CBC (more elastically stable) polytypes of boron carbide. Application of the model to a homogeneously strained polycrystal provides support for the hypothesis that failure (e.g., amorphization) follows a loss of elastic stability of favorably oriented grains at shock pressures on the order of 18-20 GPa. Additional experiments or atomic simulations are suggested that would resolve currently indeterminate features of the nonlinear elastic model. C1 USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMP C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clayton, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMP C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM john.d.clayton1.civ@mail.mil RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2012 VL 92 IS 23 BP 2860 EP 2893 DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.682171 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 987WX UT WOS:000307449700002 ER PT J AU Stockham, LW Fry, RN Graham, PW Pierce, TH AF Stockham, Leo W. Fry, Richard N., Jr. Graham, Paul W. Pierce, Todd H. TI Aerosolization of water ejected from a full container impacted by bomb fragments SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE Collateral effects; aerosolized liquids; aerosolized clouds; chemical clouds; chemical plumes; fragment effects on liquid filled tanks; fragment rammed tanks; rammed liquid tanks; aerosolized fraction AB In assessing the potential collateral effects of bomb attacks on tanks of stored liquids, it is useful to separate the liquid that is aerosolized as an escaping cloud from that which remains inside the tank or rapidly falls to the nearby ground. One relationship currently in use partitions the two categories using a linear model of aerosolized fraction versus fragment energy deposited per unit mass of liquid which is based on calculations and a few test data points. Since this model is incorporated in popular programs used by an expanding number of first responders to assess potential hazards, there is a need for high-confidence test data across the parameter space of interest to improve and/or validate the model. Such a series of tests was conducted during November of 2008 in which 7.57-liter (l) sized cans of water were impacted with fragments of known mass using scored cased explosive charges. Impact velocities were measured, and the remaining water in the can and on the nearby ground platform was collected and weighed. The missing water was assumed to be aerosolized. This new data establishes an S-curve as a more accurate relationship between aerosolized fraction (AF) and the fragment energy deposited per unit mass of liquid in the container. C1 [Graham, Paul W.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Stockham, Leo W.] TASC Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Fry, Richard N., Jr.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Pierce, Todd H.] SAIC Intelligence, Secur & Technol Grp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Graham, PW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM Paul.W.Graham@usace.army.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This research was conducted by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (GSL), Vicksburg, MS, under the sponsorship of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). Technical guidance was provided to DTRA by Northrop Grumman Information Systems (NGIS) (now TASC Inc.) and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). Permission to publish this paper was granted by the Director GSL, DTRA and NGIS, and is gratefully acknowledged. NGIS approval for unlimited distribution is based on "22 CFR 125.4(b)(13) applicable (Log TASC-09-0363)". The authors thank the technical reviewers for their positive comments and recommendations for publication. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 4 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.3233/SAV-2011-0658 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 992WT UT WOS:000307811600014 ER PT S AU Burns, DA Litz, MS Carroll, JJ Katsis, D AF Burns, David A. Litz, Marc S. Carroll, James J. Katsis, Dimosthenis BE Carapezza, EM TI Radiation detection and wireless networked early warning SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIV CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE sensor array; early warning; gamma detector; radiation detection; data fusion; compact; wireless; GPS-enabled AB We have designed a compact, wireless, GPS-enabled array of inexpensive radiation sensors based on scintillation counting. Each sensor has a scintillator, photomultiplier tube, and pulse-counting circuit that includes a comparator, digital potentiometer and microcontroller. This design provides a high level of sensitivity and reliability. A 0.2 m(2) PV panel powers each sensor providing a maintenance-free 24/7 energy source. The sensor can be mounted within a roadway light-post and monitor radiological activity along transport routes. Each sensor wirelessly transmits real-time data (as counts per second) up to 2 miles with a XBee radio module, and the data is received by a XBee receive-module on a computer. Data collection software logs the information from all sensors and provides real-time identification of radiation events. Measurements performed to-date demonstrate the ability of a sensor to detect a 20 mu Ci source at 3.5 meters when packaged with a PVT (plastic) scintillator, and 7 meters for a sensor with a CsI crystal (more expensive but similar to 5 times more sensitive). It is calculated that the sensor-architecture can detect sources moving as fast as 130 km/h based on the current data rate and statistical bounds of 3-sigma threshold detection. The sensor array is suitable for identifying and tracking a radiation threat from a dirty bomb along roadways. C1 [Burns, David A.; Litz, Marc S.; Carroll, James J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9066-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8388 AR 83880J DI 10.1117/12.918590 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBP41 UT WOS:000307808700014 ER PT S AU Cakiades, G Desai, S Deligeorges, S Buckland, BE George, J AF Cakiades, George Desai, Sachi Deligeorges, Socrates Buckland, Bruce E. George, Jemin BE Carapezza, EM TI Fusion Solution for Soldier Wearable Gunfire Detection Systems SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIV CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Acoustic; Gunfire Detection; Net-centric; Soldier Wearable; Data Fusion; Sniper Defeat; Sensor Integration AB Currently existing acoustic based Gunfire Detection Systems (GDS) such as soldier wearable, vehicle mounted, and fixed site devices provide enemy detection and localization capabilities to the user. However, the solution to the problem of portability versus performance tradeoff remains elusive. The Data Fusion Module (DFM), described herein, is a sensor/platform agnostic software supplemental tool that addresses this tradeoff problem by leveraging existing soldier networks to enhance GDS performance across a Tactical Combat Unit (TCU). The DFM software enhances performance by leveraging all available acoustic GDS information across the TCU synergistically to calculate highly accurate solutions more consistently than any individual GDS in the TCU. The networked sensor architecture provides additional capabilities addressing the multiple shooter/fire-fight problems in addition to sniper detection/localization. The addition of the fusion solution to the overall Size, Weight and Power & Cost (SWaP&C) is zero to negligible. At the end of the first-year effort, the DFM integrated sensor network's performance was impressive showing improvements upwards of 50% in comparison to a single sensor solution. Further improvements are expected when the networked sensor architecture created in this effort is fully exploited. C1 [Cakiades, George; Desai, Sachi] USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Cakiades, G (reprint author), USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9066-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8388 DI 10.1117/12.924733 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBP41 UT WOS:000307808700001 ER PT S AU Damarla, T AF Damarla, Thyagaraju BE Carapezza, EM TI Seismic & Ultrasonic Data Analysis for Characterizing People and Animals SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIV CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Personnel detection; ultrasonic Doppler returns; seismic data analysis; cadence ID NONNEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SOURCE SEPARATION AB In this paper we analyze the seismic signals generated by people and animals walking. It is known that when a person walks, the heel strikes first and then the front of the foot; whereas animals walk on their hoofs. This difference in the walking patterns result in significant changes in the seismic signatures for both people and animals. Similarly, men walk differently than women and they also have different weight distributions resulting in different signatures for men and women. They also have different cadence or gait patterns. We distinguish the significant features in seismic signatures to distinguish people and animals. Ultrasonic Doppler returns capture the variations in the gait. The Doppler returns will be analyzed to distinguish people and animals. Algorithms to classify the signatures will be provided. The algorithms will be tested on the data collected at a horse farm with women, men and people walking. The results will be discussed along with possible future research directions to reduce the number of false alarms. C1 USA, Res Lab, Networked Sensing & Fus Branch, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Damarla, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Networked Sensing & Fus Branch, Adelphi, MD USA. EM thyagaraju.damarla.civ@mail.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9066-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8388 AR 83880K DI 10.1117/12.918276 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBP41 UT WOS:000307808700015 ER PT S AU Bornstein, JA Mitchell, RR AF Bornstein, Jonathan A. Mitchell, Robert R. BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Foundations of Autonomy for Ground Robotics SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XIV CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Unmanned systems have become a critical element of the Army's Force Structure for applications such as Emergency Ordnance Disposal (EOD). Systems currently fielded are typically tele-operated and, thus, impose significant cognitive burden upon the operator. The Robotics CTA (RCTA), a collaborative research endeavor between the Army Research Laboratory and a consortium of eight industrial and academic partners, is developing fundamental technology to enable a new level of autonomous capability for future unmanned systems that can act as teammates to Soldiers making up a small unit. The Alliance is focusing research in five key areas: a cognitively based world model, semantic perception, learning, meta-cognition, and adaptive behaviors. Because current world model representations are relatively shallow, metrically based, and support only brittle behaviors, the RCTA is creating a cognitive-to-metric world model that can incorporate and utilize mission context. Current perceptual capabilities for unmanned systems are generally limited to a small number of well defined objects or behaviors. The RCTA is raising perception to a semantic level that enables understanding of relationships among objects and behaviors. To successfully team with small units, the command and control of unmanned systems must move away from the current hardware controller paradigm to one of verbal and gestural communication, implicit cues, and transparency of action between Soldier and robot. The RCTA is also exploring adaptive behavior and mechanics that will permit manipulation of arbitrarily shaped objects, animal-like mobility in complex environments, and conduct of military missions in dynamic tactical conditions. Efforts to incorporate learning from the lowest levels of the architecture upwards are key to each of the above. C1 [Bornstein, Jonathan A.] USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bornstein, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9065-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8387 AR 83870U DI 10.1117/12.919721 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BAX09 UT WOS:000305906400029 ER PT S AU Evans, AW Gray, JP Rudnick, D Karlsen, RE AF Evans, A. William, III Gray, Jeremy P. Rudnick, Dave Karlsen, Robert E. BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Control Solutions for Robots Using Android and iOS Devices SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XIV CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Robot; Android (TM); iOS (TM); Tablet; Handheld Devices; Control; Methods; Theories AB As more Soldiers seek to utilize robots to enhance their mission capabilities, controls are needed which are intuitive, portable, and adaptable to a wide range of mission tasks. Android (TM) and iOS (TM) devices have the potential to meet each of these requirements as well as being based on readily available hardware. This paper will focus on some of the ways in which an Android (TM) or iOS (TM) device could be used to control specific and varied robot mobility functions and payload tools. Several small unmanned ground vehicle (SUGV) payload tools will have been investigated at Camp Pendleton during a user assessment and mission feasibility study for automatic remote tool changing. This group of payload tools will provide a basis, to researchers, concerning what types of control functions are needed to fully utilize SUGV robotic capabilities. Additional, mobility functions using tablet devices have been used as part of the Safe Operation of Unmanned systems for Reconnaissance in Complex Environments Army Technology Objective (SOURCE ATO) which is investigating the safe operation of robotics. Using Android (TM) and iOS (TM) hand-held devices is not a new concept in robot manipulation. However, the authors of this paper hope to introduce some novel concepts that may serve to make the interaction between Soldier and machine more fluid and intuitive. By creating a better user experience, Android (TM) and iOS (TM) devices could help to reduce training time, enhance performance, and increase acceptance of robotics as valuable mission tools for Soldiers. C1 [Evans, A. William, III] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Evans, AW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9065-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8387 AR 83870M DI 10.1117/12.923023 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BAX09 UT WOS:000305906400022 ER PT S AU Gray, JP Mason, JR Patterson, MS Skalny, MW AF Gray, Jeremy P. Mason, James R. Patterson, Michael S. Skalny, Matthew W. BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI ROBODEXS; Multi-robot Deployment & Extraction System SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XIV CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ROBODEXS; Marsupial; Deployment; Extraction; Multiple UGV; Modular; Scalable; Robot; Unmanned AB The importance of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV's) in the Military's operations is continually increasing. All Military branches now rely on advanced robotic technologies to aid in their missions' operations. The integration of these technologies has not only enhanced capabilities, but has increased personnel safety by generating larger standoff distances. Currently most UGV's are deployed by an exposed dismounted Warfighter because the Military possess a limited capability to do so remotely and can only deploy a single UGV. This paper explains the conceptual development of a novel approach to remotely deploy and extract multiple robots from a single host platform. The Robotic Deployment & Extraction System (ROBODEXS) is a result of our development research to improve marsupial robotic deployment at safe standoff distances. The presented solution is modular and scalable, having the ability to deploy anywhere from two to twenty robots from a single deployment mechanism For larger carrier platforms, multiple sets of ROBODEXS modules may be integrated for deployment and extraction of even greater numbers of robots. Such a system allows mass deployment and extraction from a single manned/unmanned vehicle, which is not currently possible with other deployment systems. C1 [Gray, Jeremy P.; Mason, James R.; Patterson, Michael S.; Skalny, Matthew W.] USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Gray, JP (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr TARDEC, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd,RDTA RS MS264, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9065-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8387 AR 83871C DI 10.1117/12.919878 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BAX09 UT WOS:000305906400046 ER PT S AU Gray, JP Karlsen, RE DiBerardino, C Mottern, E Kott, NJ AF Gray, Jeremy P. Karlsen, Robert E. DiBerardino, Chip Mottern, Edward Kott, N. Joseph, III BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Challenges to Autonomous Navigation in Complex Urban Terrain SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XIV CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Autonomous system; UGV; Test & Evaluation; Challenges; Urban Autonomy; Urban Terrain; MOUT; SOURCE AB In the field of military Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV), military units are adapting their concept of operations to focus on their mission capabilities within populated cities and towns. These types of operations are referred to as MOUT (Military Operations on Urban Terrain). As more Soldiers seek to incorporate technology to enhance their mission capabilities, there then becomes a need for UGV systems to encompass an ability to autonomously navigate through urban terrains. Autonomous systems have the potential to increase Soldier safety by mitigating the risk of unnecessary enemy exposure during routine urban reconnaissance. This paper presents the development and methodology that the military has sought to increase mission capabilities by incorporating autonomy into manned/unmanned ground vehicles. The presented solution that has been developed through the Safe Operations of Unmanned systems for Reconnaissance in Complex Environments (SOURCE) Army Technology Objective (ATO) has the ability and has been tested to safely navigate through complex urban environments. This paper will also focus on the challenges the military has faced to develop the presented autonomous UGV. C1 [Gray, Jeremy P.; Karlsen, Robert E.; Kott, N. Joseph, III] USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Gray, JP (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9065-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8387 AR 83870B DI 10.1117/12.923069 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BAX09 UT WOS:000305906400011 ER PT S AU Mikulski, DG Lewis, FL Gu, EY Hudas, GR AF Mikulski, Dariusz G. Lewis, Frank L. Gu, Edward Y. Hudas, Greg R. BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Trust Method for Multi-Agent Consensus SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XIV CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Trust Model; Multi-Agent Systems; Consensus; Convergence AB The consensus problem in multi-agent systems often assumes that all agents are equally trustworthy to seek agreement. But for multi-agent military applications - particularly those that deal with sensor fusion or multi-robot formation control - this assumption may create the potential for compromised network security or poor cooperative performance. As such, we present a trust-based solution for the discrete-time multi-agent consensus problem and prove its asymptotic convergence in strongly connected digraphs. The novelty of the paper is a new trust algorithm called RoboTrust, which is used to calculate trustworthiness in agents using observations and statistical inferences from various historical perspectives. The performance of RoboTrust is evaluated within the trust-based consensus protocol under different conditions of tolerance and confirmation. C1 [Mikulski, Dariusz G.; Hudas, Greg R.] USA, Ground Vehicle Robot GVR, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Mikulski, DG (reprint author), USA, Ground Vehicle Robot GVR, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. EM dariusz.mikulski@us.army.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9065-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8387 AR 83870E DI 10.1117/12.918927 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BAX09 UT WOS:000305906400014 ER PT S AU Muench, P Bednarz, D AF Muench, Paul Bednarz, David BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI GAME THEORY APPLIED TO LEGGED ROBOTICS: A VARIANT OF THE DOLICHOBRACHISTOCHRONE PROBLEM SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XIV CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB We model the scenario between a robotic system and its operating environment as a strategic game between two players. The problem will be formulated as a game of timing. We will freat disturbances in a worst case scenario, i.e., as if they were placed by an opponent acting optimally. Game theory is a formal way to analyze the interactions among a group of rational players who behave strategically. We believe that behavior in the presence of disturbances using games of timing will reduce to optimal control when the disturbance is suppressed. In this paper we create a model of phase space similar to the dolichobrachistochrone problem. We discretize phase space to a simple grid where Player P is trying to reach a goal as fast as possible, i.e., with minimum cost. Player E is trying to maximize this cost. To do this, E has a limited number of "chips" to disfribute on the grid. How should E distribute his resources and how should P navigate the grid? Rather than treating disturbances as a random occurrence, we seek to treat them as an optimal sfrategy C1 [Muench, Paul; Bednarz, David] USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Muench, P (reprint author), USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9065-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8387 AR 838714 DI 10.1117/12.921842 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BAX09 UT WOS:000305906400039 ER PT S AU Owens, J Osteen, P Fields, M AF Owens, Jason Osteen, Phil Fields, MaryAnne BE Karlsen, RE Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM Gerhart, GR TI Autonomous Exploration and Mapping of Unknown Environments SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XIV CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE autonomous navigation; object detection; state machine; SLAM AB Autonomous exploration and mapping is a vital capability for future robotic systems expected to function in arbitrary complex environments. In this paper, we describe an end-to-end robotic solution for remotely mapping buildings. For a typical mapping system, an unmanned system is directed to enter an unknown building at a distance, sense the internal structure, and, barring additional tasks, while in situ, create a 2-D map of the building. This map provides a useful and intuitive representation of the environment for the remote operator. We have integrated a robust mapping and exploration system utilizing laser range scanners and RGB-D cameras, and we demonstrate an exploration and meta-cognition algorithm on a robotic platform. The algorithm allows the robot to safely navigate the building, explore the interior, report significant features to the operator, and generate a consistent map all while maintaining localization. C1 [Owens, Jason; Fields, MaryAnne] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Owens, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9065-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8387 AR 838717 DI 10.1117/12.919147 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BAX09 UT WOS:000305906400041 ER PT J AU Blue-Terry, M McBride, M Letowski, T AF Blue-Terry, Misty McBride, Maranda Letowski, Tomasz TI Effects of Speech Intensity on the Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT) and Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) Presented in Noise SO ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE speech intelligibility; speech intensity; speech-to-noise ratio ID WORD RECOGNITION; INTELLIGIBILITY; DIFFERENTIATION AB This study sought to evaluate the effect of speech intensity on performance of the Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT) and Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) presented in noise. Fourteen normally hearing listeners performed. both tests in 65 dB A white background noise. Speech intensity varied while background noise remained constant to form speech-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of -18, -15, -12, -9, and -6 dB. Results showed that CAT recognition scores were significantly higher than MRT scores at the same SNRs; however, the scores from both tests were highly correlated and their relationship for the SNRs tested can be expressed by a simple linear function. The concept of CAT can be easily ported to other languages for testing speech communication under adverse listening conditions. C1 [Blue-Terry, Misty] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [McBride, Maranda] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Management, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Letowski, Tomasz] USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, AMSRD ARL HR B520, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Blue-Terry, M (reprint author), Cooperat Extens Program, Coltrane Hall,POB 21928, Greensboro, NC 27420 USA. EM mcbride@ncat.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST FUNDAMENTAL TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH PI WARSAW PA PAWINSKIEGO 5B, 02-106 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0137-5075 J9 ARCH ACOUST JI Arch. Acoust. PY 2012 VL 37 IS 2 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.2478/v10168-012-0026-3 PG 5 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 973XU UT WOS:000306394600008 ER PT J AU Douglas, TA Loseto, LL Macdonald, RW Outridge, P Dommergue, A Poulain, A Amyot, M Barkay, T Berg, T Chetelat, J Constant, P Evans, M Ferrari, C Gantner, N Johnson, MS Kirk, J Kroer, N Larose, C Lean, D Nielsen, TG Poissant, L Rognerud, S Skov, H Sorensen, S Wang, FY Wilson, S Zdanowicz, CM AF Douglas, Thomas A. Loseto, Lisa L. Macdonald, Robie W. Outridge, Peter Dommergue, Aurelien Poulain, Alexandre Amyot, Marc Barkay, Tamar Berg, Torunn Chetelat, John Constant, Philippe Evans, Marlene Ferrari, Christophe Gantner, Nikolaus Johnson, Matthew S. Kirk, Jane Kroer, Niels Larose, Catherine Lean, David Nielsen, Torkel Gissel Poissant, Laurier Rognerud, Sigurd Skov, Henrik Sorensen, Soren Wang, Feiuye Wilson, Simon Zdanowicz, Christian M. TI The fate of mercury in Arctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, a review SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE bioavailability; biomagnification; demethylation; fresh water ecosystems; methylation; trophic processes ID CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; MARINE FOOD-WEB; GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SIGNIFICANT NATURAL SOURCE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY-METALS; CANADIAN BEAUFORT SHELF; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SEA BELUGA WHALES AB This review is the result of a series of multidisciplinary meetings organised by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme as part of their 2011 Assessment 'Mercury in the Arctic'. This paper presents the state-of-the-art knowledge on the environmental fate of mercury following its entry into the Arctic by oceanic, atmospheric and terrestrial pathways. Our focus is on the movement, transformation and bioaccumulation of Hg in aquatic (marine and fresh water) and terrestrial ecosystems. The processes most relevant to biological Hg uptake and the potential risk associated with Hg exposure in wildlife are emphasised. We present discussions of the chemical transformations of newly deposited or transported Hg in marine, fresh water and terrestrial environments and of the movement of Hg from air, soil and water environmental compartments into food webs. Methylation, a key process controlling the fate of Hg in most ecosystems, and the role of trophic processes in controlling Hg in higher order animals are also included. Case studies on Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) are presented as examples of the relationship between ecosystem trophic processes and biologic Hg levels. We examine whether atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) contribute to increased Hg levels in Arctic biota and provide information on the links between organic carbon and Hg speciation, dynamics and bioavailability. Long-term sequestration of Hg into non-biological archives is also addressed. The review concludes by identifying major knowledge gaps in our understanding, including: (1) the rates of Hg entry into marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the rates of inorganic and MeHg uptake by Arctic microbial and algal communities; (2) the bioavailable fraction of AMDE-related Hg and its rate of accumulation by biota and (3) the fresh water and marine MeHg cycle in the Arctic, especially the marine MeHg cycle. C1 [Douglas, Thomas A.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99709 USA. [Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Macdonald, Robie W.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Outridge, Peter] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Dommergue, Aurelien] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE, UMR 5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Poulain, Alexandre] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Amyot, Marc] Univ Montreal, GRIL, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Barkay, Tamar] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Berg, Torunn] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Chetelat, John] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Constant, Philippe] Ctr INRS, Inst Armand Frappier, Laval, PQ H7V 1B7, Canada. [Evans, Marlene] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Ferrari, Christophe] CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Gantner, Nikolaus] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada. [Johnson, Matthew S.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Kirk, Jane] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Kroer, Niels; Skov, Henrik] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Larose, Catherine] Univ Lyon, Ecole Cent Lyon, Environm Microbial Genom Grp, F-69134 Ecully, France. [Nielsen, Torkel Gissel] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DTU Aqua Sect Ocean Ecol & Climate, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Poissant, Laurier] Environm Canada, Sect Rech Ecosyst Fluviaux, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. [Rognerud, Sigurd] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Branch Off E, NO-2312 Ottestad, Norway. [Skov, Henrik] Univ So Denmark, Inst Chem Engn & Biotechnol & Environm Technol, DK-5230 Odense O, Denmark. [Sorensen, Soren] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Microbiol, DK-1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wang, Feiuye] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Dept Geog & Environm, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Wang, Feiuye] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Zdanowicz, Christian M.] Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme AMAP Sec, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. RP Douglas, TA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99709 USA. EM thomas.a.douglas@usace.army.mil; lisa.loseto@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; robie.macdonald@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; outridge@nrcan.gc.ca; dommergue@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr; apoulain@uottawa.ca; m.amyot@umontreal.ca; barkay@aesop.rutgers.edu; torunn@chem.ntnu.no; john.chetelat@ec.gc.ca; philippe.constant@iaf.inrs.ca; marlene.evans@ec.gc.ca; ferrari@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr; gantnern@uvic.ca; msj@kiku.dk; jane.kirk@ec.gc.ca; nk@dmu.dk; catherine.larose@ec-lyon.fr; drslean@gmail.com; tgin@aqua.dtu.dk; laurier.poissant@ec.gc.ca; hsk@dmu.dk; sjs@bi.ku.dk; wangf@ms.umanitoba.ca; s.wilson@inter.nl.net; czdanowi@nrcan.gc.ca RI Macdonald, Robie/A-7896-2012; Poulain, Alexandre/C-1246-2009; Amyot, Marc/A-7182-2008; Gantner, Nikolaus/F-6825-2013; Berg, Torunn/I-3521-2013; Wang, Feiyue/E-4147-2012; Kroer, NIels/D-3356-2015; Dommergue, Aurelien/A-2829-2009; Sorensen, Soren/J-5015-2014 OI Zdanowicz, Christian/0000-0002-1045-5063; Chetelat, John/0000-0002-9380-7203; Skov, Henrik/0000-0003-1167-8696; Macdonald, Robie/0000-0002-1141-8520; Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; Gantner, Nikolaus/0000-0001-7072-1397; Berg, Torunn/0000-0002-2264-6676; Wang, Feiyue/0000-0001-5297-0859; Dommergue, Aurelien/0000-0002-8185-9604; Sorensen, Soren/0000-0001-6227-9906 NR 291 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 13 U2 207 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 321 EP 355 DI 10.1071/EN11140 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 990ZD UT WOS:000307669700001 ER PT S AU Schmidt, KF Goitia, RM Ellingson, WA Green, W AF Schmidt, Karl F. Goitia, Ryan M. Ellingson, William A. Green, William BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI CORRELATION OF SCANNING MICROWAVE INTERFEROMETRY AND DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGES FOR DAMAGE DETECTION IN CERAMIC COMPOSITE ARMOR SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Microwave; NDT; Ceramics; Composites; Armor AB Application of non-contact, scanning, microwave interferometry for inspection of ceramic-based composite armor facilitates detection of defects which may occur in manufacturing or in service. Non-contact, one-side access permits inspection of panels while on the vehicle. The method was applied as a base line inspection and post-damage inspection of composite ceramic armor containing artificial defects, fiduciaries, and actual damage. Detection, sizing, and depth location capabilities were compared using microwave interferometry system and micro-focus digital x-ray imaging. The data demonstrates corroboration of microwave interference scanning detection of cracks and laminar features. The authors present details of the system operation, descriptions of the test samples used, and recent results obtained. C1 [Schmidt, Karl F.; Goitia, Ryan M.] Evisive Inc, 8867 Highland Rd 378, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Ellingson, William A.] ERC Co, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Green, William] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Schmidt, KF (reprint author), Evisive Inc, 8867 Highland Rd 378, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM ryan@evisive.com; william.h.green1.civ@mail.mil FU US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC); US Army Research Laboratory; US Air Force Research Laboratory FX Work included in the report is supported by the US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), US Army Research Laboratory and US Air Force Research Laboratory NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1129 EP 1136 DI 10.1063/1.4716347 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600137 ER PT S AU Ayers, J Owens, CT Swenson, E Apetre, N Ruzzene, M Ghoshal, A AF Ayers, J. Owens, C. T. Swenson, E. Apetre, N. Ruzzene, M. Ghoshal, A. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ELLIPTICAL TRAJECTORY ORIENTATION OF LAMB WAVE POLARIZATION AS A DAMAGE LOCALIZATION PARAMETER IN AEROSPACE STRUCTURES SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Lamb Waves; Polarization; Ellipse; Damage Localization; Laser Vibrometry AB The ability to measure and quantify the polarization of ultrasonic waves has led to the development of novel non-destructive diagnostic tools, which rely on the sensitivity of polarization to surface roughness, cracks, temperature and residual stresses, among others. In particular, the following paper provides an analytical description of polarized Lamb wave components that yield an elliptical, rotated profile of the particle trajectory. The formulation includes Lamb waves generated by a circular piezoelectric disc, along with descriptions of bi-modal and single mode polarization characteristics. A technique is proposed that utilizes the elliptical orientation as a damage identification parameter for guided wave structural interrogation techniques. The technique is applied to finite element models of aluminum and composite armor-like structures. This analytical formulation is compared to experimental Lamb wave polarization results, where polarized Lamb wave components are extracted from complex, homogenous aluminum specimens using a 3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry setup. The experimental results show that the proposed technique allows for improved damage characterization. C1 [Ayers, J.; Ghoshal, A.] USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen, MD 21015 USA. [Owens, C. T.; Swenson, E.] Air Force Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ruzzene, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ayers, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen, MD 21015 USA. EM james.t.ayers@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1153 EP 1160 DI 10.1063/1.4716350 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600140 ER PT S AU Brennan, RE Green, WH AF Brennan, R. E. Green, W. H. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSPARENT LAMINATE SYSTEMS SUBJECT TO LOW VELOCITY IMPACTS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont DE Nondestructive Evaluation; Ultrasound; Imaging; Impact Damage AB Multi-layer, multi-material transparent laminate systems are used to enhance protection efficiency for ground vehicle windshield and window applications while ensuring sufficient visibility for the operator. Impact damage caused by low velocity strikes may result in crack formation in the transparent materials or delaminations between layers, which can impair visibility and affect performance. In this effort, transparent laminate systems have been nondestructively evaluated in a pre-impact, baseline state using visual inspection, cross-polarization imaging, and ultrasound characterization. After subjecting the laminate systems to a series of low velocity impact tests, the same nondestructive methods were used for characterization of the post-impact state. The effects of cumulative damage to the laminate systems were also studied by impacting them multiple times at the same location and observing the increase in damage and resulting damage mechanisms. This work provided a means for comparison of transparent laminate systems based on low velocity impact damage tolerance to achieve improved visibility and protection capabilities. C1 [Brennan, R. E.; Green, W. H.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brennan, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM raymond.e.brennan.civ@mail.mil; william.h.green1.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 1161 EP 1167 DI 10.1063/1.4716351 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600141 ER PT J AU Seo, DM Boyle, PD Borodin, O Henderson, WA AF Seo, Daniel M. Boyle, Paul D. Borodin, Oleg Henderson, Wesley A. TI Li+ cation coordination by acetonitrile-insights from crystallography SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; AB-INITIO; CROWN-ETHER; METAL-IONS; LIGAND; ELECTROLYTES; PERCHLORATE; SOLVATION; COPPER(I) AB Solvation is a critical factor for determining the properties of electrolytes and lithium reagents, but only limited information is available about the coordination number for Li+ cations in solution with different solvents. The present manuscript examines the manner in which acetonitrile (AN) fully solvates Li+ cations. The results are also likely pertinent to other nitrile and dinitrile solvents. In particular, the crystal structure for a (AN)(6):LiPF6 solvate is reported-this is the first 6/1 AN/Li solvate structure to be determined. The structure consists of Li+ cations fully solvated by four AN molecules (i.e., [(AN)(4)Li](+) species), uncoordinated PF6- anions and uncoordinated AN molecules (two per Li+ cation). This structure validates, in part, density functional theory (DFT) calculations which predict that there is little to no energetic benefit to coordinating Li+ cations with more than four AN solvent molecules. C1 [Seo, Daniel M.; Henderson, Wesley A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ion Liquid & Electrolytes Energy Technol ILEET La, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Boyle, Paul D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Xray Struct Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Borodin, Oleg] USA, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Seo, DM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ion Liquid & Electrolytes Energy Technol ILEET La, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM wesley_henderson@ncsu.edu RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Science-Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0002169]; U.S. DOE [DE-IA01-11EE003413]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [DE-IA01-11EE003413]; Department of Chemistry of North Carolina State University; State of North Carolina FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Science-Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering which fully supported the experimental research under Award DE-SC0002169. Modeling work was partially supported by an Interagency Agreement between the U.S. DOE and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) under DE-IA01-11EE003413 for the Office of Vehicle Technologies Programs including the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. The authors also wish to thank the Department of Chemistry of North Carolina State University and the State of North Carolina for funding the purchase of the Apex2 diffractometer. NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 21 BP 8014 EP 8019 DI 10.1039/c2ra21290k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 992PR UT WOS:000307792200015 ER PT J AU Bacon, MJR Armstrong, TJ Brininger, TL AF Bacon, Major John R. Armstrong, Thomas J. Brininger, Teresa L. TI The effects of functional limitations on soldier common tasks SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE soldier; limitation; disability; task; rifle AB This paper describes the findings associated with the ability of an individual to perform the United States Army's Common Soldier Tasks of: "Maintaining an M16-Series Rifle", "Protect Yourself from Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Injury or Contamination with Mission-Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) Gear", and "Protect Yourself from Chemical and Biological (CB) Contamination Using Your Assigned Protective Mask." The analysis was conducted using data compiled from videos of a Soldier performing the given tasks at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The findings reflect the opinions of researchers in identifying potential elements, which impose abnormal, irregular, and/or extraneous effort when performing the tasks as outlined in STP-21-1-SMCT - Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks: Skill Level I. C1 [Bacon, Major John R.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Armstrong, Thomas J.; Brininger, Teresa L.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ergon, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bacon, MJR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM john.bacon@usma.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1051-9815 J9 WORK JI Work PY 2012 VL 41 SU 1 BP 422 EP 431 DI 10.3233/WOR-2012-0192-422 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 973LO UT WOS:000306361800072 ER PT J AU Kouchi, M Mochimaru, M Bradtmiller, B Daanen, H Li, P Nacher, B Nam, Y AF Kouchi, Makiko Mochimaru, Masaaki Bradtmiller, Bruce Daanen, Hein Li, Peng Nacher, Beatriz Nam, Yunja TI A protocol for evaluating the accuracy of 3D body scanners SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Reliability; accuracy; 3D anthropometry; landmarks AB Scan-derived landmarks locations and surface shapes are more and more used, but there is no commonly accepted protocol for evaluating the accuracy of these measurements. Therefore we propose a protocol for evaluating the accuracy of surface shape and the repeatability of scan-derived landmark locations. According to existing Japanese and German domestic standards, we propose to use an artefact (e. g. sphere with diameter of about 120 mm) calibrated very accurately for evaluating the accuracy of scanner-systems. For evaluating the repeatability of landmark locations, we propose to use an anthropomorphic dummy with landmark locations premarked. These test objects are measured by a 3D body scanner to be evaluated. Evaluation parameters such as trueness, precision, and repeatability are calculated from the measured data. A round-robin test was conducted in six different institutes using 17 body/head/foot scanners produced by eight companies. The purposes of the round-robin test were to evaluate the availability of test objects to different body scanners, and to examine the measurement locations of test objects and quality parameters to be reported. As a result, the proposed test objects could be measured and the data exported by all scanner systems except one, which could not export the ball measurement. For a comparative purpose, a figure of measured surface might be useful. C1 [Kouchi, Makiko; Mochimaru, Masaaki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Digital Human Res Ctr, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1350064, Japan. [Bradtmiller, Bruce] Anthrotech Inc, Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA. [Daanen, Hein] TNO Def Secur & Safety, Business Unit Human Factors, Dept Human Performance, NL-3769 ZG Soesterberg, Netherlands. [Li, Peng] USA, Ergon Team, WarSTAR, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Nacher, Beatriz] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Biomecan Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. [Nam, Yunja] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Clothing & Text, Coll Human Ecol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Kouchi, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Digital Human Res Ctr, Koto Ku, 2-3-26 Aomi, Tokyo 1350064, Japan. EM m-kouchi@aist.go.jp NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1051-9815 EI 1875-9270 J9 WORK JI Work PY 2012 VL 41 SU 1 BP 4010 EP 4017 DI 10.3233/WOR-2012-0064-4010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 973LO UT WOS:000306361804026 PM 22317336 ER PT J AU Gordon, CC Bradtmiller, B AF Gordon, Claire C. Bradtmiller, Bruce TI Anthropometric change: implications for office ergonomics SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE anthropometry; secular trend; obesity; workspace design ID PREVALENCE; OBESITY AB Well-designed office workspaces require good anthropometric data in order to accommodate variability in the worker population. The recent obesity epidemic carries with it a number of anthropometric changes that have significant impact on design. We examine anthropometric change among US civilians over the last 50 years, and then examine that change in a subset of the US population - the US military - as military data sets often have more ergonomic dimensions than civilian ones. The civilian mean stature increased throughout the period 1962 to 2006 for both males and females. However, the rate of increase in mean weight was considerably faster. As a result, the male obesity rate changed from 10.7% in 1962 to 31.3% in 2006. The female change for the same period was 15.8% to 33.2%. In the Army, the proportion of obesity increased from 3.6% to 20.9%, in males. In the absence of national US ergonomic data, we demonstrate one approach to tracking civilian change in these dimensions, applying military height/weight regression equations to the civilian population estimates. This approach is useful for population monitoring but is not suitable for establishing new design limits, as regression estimates likely underestimate the change at the ends of the distribution. C1 [Gordon, Claire C.] USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Bradtmiller, Bruce] Anthrotech, Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA. RP Gordon, CC (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1051-9815 J9 WORK JI Work PY 2012 VL 41 SU 1 BP 4606 EP 4611 DI 10.3233/WOR-2012-0076-4606 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 973LO UT WOS:000306361804119 PM 22317429 ER PT J AU Jameson, JP Shrestha, S Escamilla, M Clark, S Wilson, N Kunik, M Zeno, D Harris, TB Peters, A Varner, IL Scantlebury, C Scott-Gurnell, K Stanley, M AF Jameson, John Paul Shrestha, Srijana Escamilla, Monica Clark, Sharonda Wilson, Nancy Kunik, Mark Zeno, Darrell Harris, Toi B. Peters, Alice Varner, Ivory L. Scantlebury, Carolyn Scott-Gurnell, Kathy Stanley, Melinda TI Establishing community partnerships to support late-life anxiety research: Lessons learned from the calmer life project SO AGING & MENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE aged; anxiety; community-based participatory research; health services research ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRACTICE-RESEARCH-NETWORK; MENTAL-HEALTH-SERVICES; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; OLDER-ADULTS; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; GERIATRIC ANXIETY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; DEPRESSION AB Objectives: This article outlines the development of the Calmer Life project, a partnership established between researchers and faith-based and social service organizations to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) incorporating religious/spiritual components for older African Americans in low-income communities. Method: The program was designed to bypass several barriers to delivery of CBT within the specified community; it allows multimodal delivery (in person or by telephone) that occurs outside traditional mental health settings through faith-based organizations and neighborhood community centers. It includes religion/spirituality as an element, dependent upon the preference of the participant, and is modular, so that people can select the skills they wish to learn. Established relationships within the community were built upon, and initial meetings were held in community settings, allowing feedback from community organizations. Results: This ongoing program is functioning successfully and has strengthened relationships with community partners and facilitated increased availability of education and services in the community. The lessons learned in establishing these partnerships are outlined. Conclusions: The growth of effectiveness research for late-life anxiety treatments in underserved minority populations requires development of functional partnerships between academic institutions and community stakeholders, along with treatment modifications to effectively address barriers faced by these consumers. The Calmer Life project may serve as a model. C1 [Jameson, John Paul] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Psychol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Shrestha, Srijana; Wilson, Nancy; Kunik, Mark; Zeno, Darrell; Stanley, Melinda] Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, VA HSR&D Houston Ctr Excellence, Houston, TX USA. [Shrestha, Srijana; Wilson, Nancy; Kunik, Mark; Stanley, Melinda] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Escamilla, Monica] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Clark, Sharonda; Scott-Gurnell, Kathy] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Zeno, Darrell; Stanley, Melinda] Educ & Clin Ctr, VA S Cent Mental Illness Res, Houston, TX USA. [Harris, Toi B.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Peters, Alice] One Powerful Movement Community Dev Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Varner, Ivory L.; Scott-Gurnell, Kathy] Bible Way Fellowship Baptist Church, Houston, TX USA. [Varner, Ivory L.] Coll Bibl Studies, Houston, TX USA. [Scantlebury, Carolyn] City Houston Hlth & Human Serv Dept, Houston, TX USA. RP Jameson, JP (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Psychol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM jamesonjp@appstate.edu FU VA HSR&D Houston Center of Excellence [HFP90-020]; Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) FX This work supported in part by the VA HSR&D Houston Center of Excellence (HFP90-020) and by a grant from the Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC). The views expressed reflect those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Veterans Affairs/Baylor College of Medicine. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1360-7863 J9 AGING MENT HEALTH JI Aging Ment. Health PY 2012 VL 16 IS 7 BP 874 EP 883 DI 10.1080/13607863.2012.660621 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 987TI UT WOS:000307440200009 PM 22416908 ER PT J AU Ferrick, MG Mulherin, ND Coutermarsh, BA Durell, GD Curtis, LA St Clair, TL Weiser, ES Cano, RJ Smith, TM Stevenson, CG Martinez, EC AF Ferrick, Michael G. Mulherin, Nathan D. Coutermarsh, Barry A. Durell, Glenn D. Curtis, Leslie A. St Clair, Terry L. Weiser, Erik S. Cano, Roberto J. Smith, Trent M. Stevenson, Charles G. Martinez, Eloy C. TI Minimization of Ice Adhesion to Space Shuttle Component Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Double lap shear testing; cryogenic temperature; ice adhesion; icephobic coating; hydrophobic coating; Space Shuttle ID SUPER-HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; RELEASE COATINGS; STRENGTH AB The goals of this two-phase experimental program were to optimize the effectiveness of an icephobic coating for use on several Space Shuttle surfaces. Coating application with a foam brush provided consistent, controlled and reproducible surface coverage. Ice samples were grown slowly and consistently at -10 degrees C prior to cooling to a constant -112 degrees C temperature for cryogenic double lap shear testing. Phase 1 tests were focused on finding an optimal coating mix of Rain-X and varying weight fractions of PTFE powders MP-55 and UF-8TA. The MP-55 coatings produced large reductions in ice adhesion to aluminum coupons while the UF-8TA coatings were similar to uncoated controls. The M4 mixture with 40% MP-55 and 60% Rain-X gave the best and most consistent coating with outstanding performance and durability through five cycles of ice growth and adhesion failure. Phase 2 tests verified the effectiveness and durability of this coating over Koropon, Kapton tape, Kapton film and fire-retardant-paint surfaces on the shuttle and quantified the changes in effectiveness resulting from the addition of an ultraviolet light absorber (UVA). Solvent loss from Rain-X during prolonged mixing of the coating caused a greater increase in ice adhesion than that by adding the UVA. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2012 C1 [Ferrick, Michael G.; Mulherin, Nathan D.; Coutermarsh, Barry A.; Durell, Glenn D.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Curtis, Leslie A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Engn & Safety Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [St Clair, Terry L.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Weiser, Erik S.; Cano, Roberto J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Smith, Trent M.; Stevenson, Charles G.] NASA, John F Kennedy Space Ctr, Ksc, FL 32899 USA. [Martinez, Eloy C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Ferrick, MG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM michael.g.ferrick@usace.army.mil FU NASA [NNL05AA401] FX The authors would like to thank many members of the NASA ice mitigation team who contributed to the success of this work by numerous teleconferences. Nancy Perron of CRREL prepared thin sections for ice structure and fracture visualization. Funding for CRREL contributions was provided by NASA project number NNL05AA401. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 473 EP 503 DI 10.1163/016942411X574619 PG 31 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 978LH UT WOS:000306741700006 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Trump, BD Pabon, N Collier, ZA Keisler, JM Scriven, J AF Linkov, Igor Trump, Benjamin D. Pabon, Nicolas Collier, Zachary A. Keisler, Jeffrey M. Scriven, Jerry TI A Decision Analytic Approach for Department of Defense Acquisition Risk Management SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Increasing regulatory pressure to limit cost and schedule overruns in acquisition programs has driven the need to reassess traditional DoD approaches to risk assessment. The Weapon System Acquisition Reform Act (WSARA) of 2009 calls for "full consideration of possible tradeoffs among cost, schedule, and performance objectives for each alternative considered." The proposed methodology offers a novel approach to framing complex acquisition tradeoffs through multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to support risk-informed decision-making in Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) studies. Our methodology facilitates structured integration of heterogeneous data for fiscally responsible decision-making and achievement of regulatory objectives within the DoD acquisition community. C1 [Keisler, Jeffrey M.] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Scriven, Jerry] Army Logist Univ, Ft Lee, VA USA. EM Igor.Linkov@usace.army.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 BP 57 EP + DI 10.5711/1082598317257 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 986CM UT WOS:000307318400004 ER PT J AU Munday, LB Solares, SD Chung, PW AF Munday, Lynn B. Solares, Santiago D. Chung, Peter W. TI Generalized stacking fault energy surfaces in the molecular crystal alpha RDX SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE RDX; molecular crystal; generalized stacking fault energy surface; slip system ID CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE TRINITRAMINE RDX; IMPROVING MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; ORGANIC-CRYSTALS; SLIP; SIMULATIONS; HARDNESS; SYSTEMS; SOLIDS; METALS AB The generalized stacking fault (GSF) energy surfaces in the organic energetic molecular crystal, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX), were studied through atomistic simulations. Using a fully flexible molecular potential in highly damped molecular dynamics simulations, we determined quenched 0 K GSF energy surfaces and structures for a set of planes in the alpha-polymorph RDX crystal and subsequently compare predictions of slip or cleavage with available experimental observations. To account for the steric contributions and elastic shearing due to the presence of flexible molecules, a modified calculation procedure for the GSF energy surface is proposed that enables the distinction of elastic shear energy from the energy associated with the interfacial displacement discontinuity at the slip plane. Comparisons of the unstable stacking fault energy with the surface energy are used to differentiate cleavage planes from likely slip planes, and the calculations are found to be largely in agreement with available experimental data. C1 [Munday, Lynn B.; Chung, Peter W.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Munday, Lynn B.; Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chung, PW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM peter.w.chung@us.army.mil FU US Army Research Laboratory SCEP program; DoD Higher Performance Computing Modernization Office through Multiscale Reactive Modeling of Insensitive Munitions Software Applications Institute; DoD Supercomputing Resource Center located at the Army Research Laboratory FX Support is gratefully acknowledged from the US Army Research Laboratory SCEP program and the DoD Higher Performance Computing Modernization Office through the Multiscale Reactive Modeling of Insensitive Munitions Software Applications Institute. Computing support was provided by the DoD Supercomputing Resource Center located at the Army Research Laboratory. We are grateful to Brent Kraczek, Jaroslaw Knap and Betsy Rice for helpful discussions and guidance throughout this work. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2012 VL 92 IS 24 BP 3036 EP 3050 DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.685191 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 987XE UT WOS:000307450400004 ER PT J AU Cleaves, HJ Scott, AM Hill, FC Leszczynski, J Sahai, N Hazen, R AF Cleaves, H. James, II Scott, Andrea Michalkova Hill, Frances C. Leszczynski, Jerzy Sahai, Nita Hazen, Robert TI Mineral-organic interfacial processes: potential roles in the origins of life SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MONTMORILLONITE-CATALYZED FORMATION; TEMPLATE-DIRECTED SYNTHESIS; TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AMINO-ACIDS; PREBIOTIC SYNTHESIS; AB-INITIO; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION AB Life is believed to have originated on Earth similar to 4.4-3.5 Ga ago, via processes in which organic compounds supplied by the environment self-organized, in some geochemical environmental niches, into systems capable of replication with hereditary mutation. This process is generally supposed to have occurred in an aqueous environment and, likely, in the presence of minerals. Mineral surfaces present rich opportunities for heterogeneous catalysis and concentration which may have significantly altered and directed the process of prebiotic organic complexification leading to life. We review here general concepts in prebiotic mineral-organic interfacial processes, as well as recent advances in the study of mineral surface-organic interactions of potential relevance to understanding the origin of life. C1 [Cleaves, H. James, II] Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Scott, Andrea Michalkova; Hill, Frances C.; Leszczynski, Jerzy] USA, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Scott, Andrea Michalkova; Hill, Frances C.; Leszczynski, Jerzy] Jackson State Univ, Interdisciplinary Nanotox Ctr, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Sahai, Nita] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Sahai, Nita] Univ Akron, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Hazen, Robert] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Cleaves, HJ (reprint author), Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20016 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF); NASA under the NSF Center for Chemical Evolution [CHE-1004570]; NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI); NSF EAR [EAR 0346889]; American Chemical Society [41777-AC2]; NAI-DDF; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) from the University of Wisconsin; University of Akron; NSF; NAI; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Deep carbon Observatory FX HC, JL and AM were supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and NASA Astrobiology Program, under the NSF Center for Chemical Evolution, CHE-1004570. HC also acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute - Director's Discretionary Fund (NAI-DDF). NS acknowledges support from NSF EAR CAREER award (EAR 0346889), American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (41777-AC2), NAI-DDF, a Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) award from the University of Wisconsin, and start-up funds from the University of Akron. RH acknowledges support from the NSF, NAI, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Deep carbon Observatory. NR 352 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 17 U2 194 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5502 EP 5525 DI 10.1039/c2cs35112a PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 977KF UT WOS:000306657400013 PM 22743683 ER PT J AU Stanzione, JF Sadler, JM La Scala, JJ Reno, KH Wool, RP AF Stanzione, Joseph F., III Sadler, Joshua M. La Scala, John J. Reno, Kaleigh H. Wool, Richard P. TI Vanillin-based resin for use in composite applications SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VINYL-ESTER RESINS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; THERMOSET RESINS; CURE KINETICS; MONOMERS; LIGNIN AB Lignin is an abundant, renewable material that has the potential to yield valuable, low molecular weight, single aromatic chemicals when strategically depolymerized. In order to generate a highly bio-based thermoset for use in polymer composites, a lignin-derived chemical, vanillin, was methacrylated in a two-step, one-pot synthesis to produce a vinyl ester resin (87 cP at 25 degrees C) with a 1 : 1 mole ratio of a mono-functional monomer, methacrylated vanillin, to cross-linking agent, glycerol dimethacrylate. The synthetic scheme was solventless, required little catalyst and moderate reaction temperatures while generating no by-products. Upon resin curing, a hard, transparent thermoset with a broad glass transition, T-g = 155 degrees C (based on the tan delta maximum), and a temperature of maximum decomposition rate, T-max, of 426 degrees C was produced. Overall, a potentially 100% bio-based thermoset was synthesized possessing comparable thermo-gravimetric and thermo-mechanical properties to commercial vinyl ester-based thermosets. C1 [Stanzione, Joseph F., III; Wool, Richard P.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Sadler, Joshua M.; La Scala, John J.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Reno, Kaleigh H.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Stanzione, JF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wool@udel.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [WP-1758, W911NF-06-2-001] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Army Research Laboratory for financial support under the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, project WP-1758, and through the Cooperative Agreement W911NF-06-2-001. In addition, the authors would like to thank Dr. Thomas H. Epps of the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department at the University of Delaware for usage of his SEC. The authors would like to also thank Dr. Michael Mackay of the Materials Science and Engineering Department at the University of Delaware for usage of his TGA. NR 37 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 83 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 8 BP 2346 EP 2352 DI 10.1039/c2gc35672d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977KL UT WOS:000306658200036 ER PT J AU Bosse, MJ Ficke, JR Andersen, RC AF Bosse, Michael J. Ficke, James R. Andersen, Romney C. TI Extremity War Injuries: Current Management and Research Priorities Introduction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bosse, Michael J.] Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [Ficke, James R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Ficke, James R.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Andersen, Romney C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Andersen, Romney C.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Bosse, MJ (reprint author), Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP VIII EP X DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-viii PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000001 PM 22865149 ER PT J AU Andersen, RC Shawen, SB Kragh, JF LeBrun, CT Ficke, JR Bosse, MJ Pollak, AN Pellegrini, VD Blease, RE Pagenkopf, EL AF Andersen, Romney C. Shawen, Scott B. Kragh, John F., Jr. LeBrun, Christopher T. Ficke, James R. Bosse, Michael J. Pollak, Andrew N. Pellegrini, Vincent D. Blease, Robert E. Pagenkopf, Eric L. CA Extremity War Injuries VII Special TI Special Topics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article AB Concerning the past decade of war, three special topics were examined at the Extremity War Injuries VII Symposium. These topics included the implementation of tourniquets and their effect on decreasing mortality and the possibility of transitioning the lessons gained to the civilian sector. In addition, the training of surgeons for war as well as residents in a wartime environment was reviewed. C1 [Andersen, Romney C.; Shawen, Scott B.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [Andersen, Romney C.; Shawen, Scott B.; Ficke, James R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kragh, John F., Jr.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [LeBrun, Christopher T.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills C STARS, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Ficke, James R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bosse, Michael J.] Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [Pollak, Andrew N.; Pellegrini, Vincent D.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Blease, Robert E.] Jackson Mem Hosp, US Army Trauma Training Ctr ATTC, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Pagenkopf, Eric L.] Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, USN, Navy Trauma Training Ctr NTTC, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Andersen, RC (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. FU ExtraOrtho; Zimmer; Smith Nephew; DePuy FX Dr. Andersen or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Dr. Shawen or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. Dr. Kragh or an immediate family member is an employee of the US Government; serves as an unpaid consultant to Athena GTX, Blackhawk Products Group, CHI Systems, Combat Medical Systems, Composite Resources, Compression Works, Creative Effective Technologies, Delfi Medical Innovations, entrotech, H&H Associates, HemaClear, KGS, M2, North American Rescue, Operative Experience, Pelagique, Tactical Development Group, Tactical Medical Solutions, Tactical Emergency and Medical Simulations Training, TEMS Solutions, Tier-One Quality Solutions, and Tiger Surgical; has received institutional support through the US Army Institute of Surgical Research; and has received commercially derived honoraria from the US Food and Drug Administration and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation. Dr. LeBrun or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Dr. Ficke or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Airlift Research Foundation, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, and Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons. Dr. Pollak or an immediate family member has received royalties from ExtraOrtho and Zimmer; serves as a paid consultant to and has received research or institutional support from Smith & Nephew; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the National Trauma Institute and Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Dr. Pellegrini or an immediate family member has received royalties from DePuy; serves as a paid consultant to Covidien and DePuy; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Association, The Hip Society, University of Maryland Medical Center, the Association of American Medical Colleges, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Dr. Blease or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons. Dr. Pagenkopf or an immediate family member is a member of a speakers' bureau or has made paid presentations on behalf of Synthes. Neither Dr. Bosse nor any immediate family member has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S94 EP S98 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S94 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000021 PM 22865147 ER PT J AU Buckenmaier, CC AF Buckenmaier, Chester C., III TI The Role of Pain Management in Recovery Following Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; AFGHANISTAN; CASUALTIES; SYMPTOMS; SOLDIERS; IRAQ; WAR AB War often serves as a catalyst for medical innovation and progressive change. The current conflicts are no exception, particularly in the area of pain management of wounded warriors. Morphine administration has served as the primary method of battlefield pain management since the American Civil War. Although traditional opioid-based pain management is effective, it has significant side effects that can complicate recovery and rehabilitation following injury. These side effects (eg, sedation, nausea and vomiting, ileus, respiratory depression) can be fatal to persons wounded in combat. This fact, along with recent research findings indicating that pain itself may constitute a disease process, points to the need for significant improvements in pain management in order to adequately address current battlefield realities. The US Army Pain Management Task Force evaluated pain medicine practices at 28 military and civilian institutions and provided several recommendations to enhance pain management in wounded warriors. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Buckenmaier, CC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S35 EP S38 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S35 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000009 PM 22865134 ER PT J AU Ficke, JR Obremskey, WT Gaines, RJ Pasquina, PF Bosse, MJ Mamczak, CN O'Toole, RV Archer, KR Born, CT Fleming, ME Watson, JT Gordon, WT Stannard, JP Rispoli, DM MacKenzie, EJ Wenke, JC Hsu, JR Pollak, AN Andersen, RC AF Ficke, James R. Obremskey, William T. Gaines, Robert J. Pasquina, Paul F. Bosse, Michael J. Mamczak, Christiaan N. O'Toole, Robert V. Archer, Kristin R. Born, Christopher T. Fleming, Mark E. Watson, J. Tracy Gordon, Wade T. Stannard, James P. Rispoli, Damian M. MacKenzie, Ellen J. Wenke, Joseph C. Hsu, Joseph R. Pollak, Andrew N. Andersen, Romney C. TI Reprioritization of Research for Combat Casualty Care SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article AB Since the beginning of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan more than a decade ago, much has been learned with regard to combat casualty care. Although progress has been significant, knowledge gaps still exist. The seventh Extremity War Injuries symposium, held in January 2012, reviewed the current state of knowledge and defined knowledge gaps in acute care, reconstructive care, and rehabilitative care in order to provide policymakers information on the areas in which research funding would be the most beneficial. C1 [Ficke, James R.; Rispoli, Damian M.; Hsu, Joseph R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Wenke, Joseph C.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Ficke, James R.; Pasquina, Paul F.; Fleming, Mark E.; Gordon, Wade T.; Rispoli, Damian M.; Hsu, Joseph R.; Andersen, Romney C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Obremskey, William T.; Archer, Kristin R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Pasquina, Paul F.; Fleming, Mark E.; Gordon, Wade T.; Andersen, Romney C.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Gaines, Robert J.; Mamczak, Christiaan N.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Bosse, Michael J.] Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [O'Toole, Robert V.; Pollak, Andrew N.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Born, Christopher T.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Dept Orthopaed, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Watson, J. Tracy] St Louis Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Stannard, James P.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Orthopaed Inst, Columbia, MO USA. [MacKenzie, Ellen J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ficke, JR (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. FU Synthes; Stryker; DePuy; Smith Nephew; BIOnova Medical; Geneva Foundation; Combat Casualty Care Research Program; Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC); ExtraOrtho; Zimmer FX Dr. Ficke or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Airlift Research Foundation. Dr. Obremskey or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to BioMimetic Therapeutics and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) and the AAOS. Dr. Mamczak or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. Dr. O'Toole or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to Synthes; has received research or institutional support from Synthes and Stryker; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. Dr. Born or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to Stryker and IlluminOss; serves as an unpaid consultant to BioIntraface; has stock or stock options held in BioIntraface and IlluminOss; has received research or institutional support from Stryker; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American College of Surgeons, OTA, AAOS, and Foundation for Orthopaedic Trauma. Dr. Watson or an immediate family member has received royalties from DePuy and Smith & Nephew; is a member of a speakers' bureau or has made paid presentations on behalf of Medtronic and Stryker; serves as a paid consultant to Smith & Nephew; serves as an unpaid consultant to Accelalox and Ellipse Technologies; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. Dr. Stannard or an immediate family member is a member of a speakers' bureau or has made paid presentations on behalf of KCI and Medtronic Sofamor Danek; serves as a paid consultant to KCI, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Sonoma, and Smith & Nephew; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. Dr. MacKenzie or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the National Trauma Institute. Dr. Wenke or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from BIOnova Medical. Dr. Hsu or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from The Geneva Foundation, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, and the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC), and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, Limb Lengthening Research Society, OTA, METRC, the Skeletal Trauma Research Consortium, and the AAOS. Dr. Pollak or an immediate family member has received royalties from ExtraOrtho and Zimmer; serves as a paid consultant to Smith & Nephew; has received research or institutional support from Smith & Nephew; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the National Trauma Institute and OTA. Dr. Andersen or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. None of the following authors or any immediate family member has received anything of value from or has stock or stock options held in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Dr. Gaines, Dr. Pasquina, Dr. Bosse, Dr. Archer, Dr. Fleming, Dr. Gordon, and Dr. Rispoli. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S99 EP S102 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S99 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000022 PM 22865148 ER PT J AU Patzkowski, JC Owens, JG Blanck, RV Kirk, KL Hsu, JR AF Patzkowski, Jeanne C. Owens, Johnny G. Blanck, Ryan V. Kirk, Kevin L. Hsu, Joseph R. CA Skeletal Trauma Res Consortium TI Management of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis With an Integrated Orthotic and Rehabilitation Initiative SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; TOTAL ANKLE ARTHROPLASTY; IRAQI FREEDOM; JOINT INJURY; COMPLICATIONS; ARTHRITIS; COMBAT; FOOT; ARTHRODESIS; PREVALENCE AB Posttraumatic osteoarthritis affects approximately 5.6 million Americans annually. Those affected are typically younger and more active than persons with primary osteoarthritis. Arthrodesis is the typical management option for persons with end-stage ankle and subtalar posttraumatic arthritis. Arthroplasty is typically reserved for elderly persons. The functional limitations resulting from any of these strategies make treatment of this young population challenging. Combat wounds frequently lead to severe lower extremity injuries. We present a series of patients with severe posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the ankle and subtalar joint after combat trauma. They were treated at our institution with an integrated orthotic and rehabilitation initiative called the Return To Run clinical pathway. This clinical pathway may serve as an alternative or adjunct to arthrodesis and arthroplasty for young patients with severe posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the ankle and subtalar joint. C1 [Patzkowski, Jeanne C.; Kirk, Kevin L.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Patzkowski, Jeanne C.; Hsu, Joseph R.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Owens, Johnny G.; Blanck, Ryan V.] Ctr Intrepid, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Patzkowski, JC (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. FU Geneva Foundation; Combat Casualty Care Research Program; Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC) FX Mr. Owens or an immediate family member serves as an unpaid consultant to Twin Star Medical. Dr. Kirk or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. Dr. Hsu or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from The Geneva Foundation, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, and the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC) and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, the Limb Lengthening Research Society, the Orthopaedic Trauma Association, METRC, the Skeletal Trauma Research Consortium, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Neither of the following authors nor any immediate family member has received anything of value from or has stock or stock options held in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Dr. Patzkowski and Mr. Blanck. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S48 EP S53 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S48 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000012 PM 22865137 ER PT J AU Patzkowski, JC Rivera, JC Ficke, JR Wenke, JC AF Patzkowski, Jeanne C. Rivera, Jessica C. Ficke, James R. Wenke, Joseph C. TI The Changing Face of Disability in the US Army: The Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Effect SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS; UNITED-STATES; TIME; COST AB Orthopaedic disorders account for significant disability among adults in the United States. Previous studies have demonstrated long-term disability in military personnel with musculoskeletal conditions. However, these studies focused primarily on battlefield-injured service members and did not evaluate the entire population. The goal of this study was to determine and compare the disabling conditions of the entire United States Army during peacetime and war. We identified the conditions leading to separation from military service before and during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. During war, more soldiers are found to be unfit for duty, and they have more conditions per individual that make them unfit. Orthopaedic conditions account for the greatest number of soldiers separated from military service at both time points studied (ie, January through March 2001, January through March 2009). Back pain and osteoarthritis are the two most common causes of separation from military service; these conditions are responsible for the most disability during peacetime and war. C1 [Patzkowski, Jeanne C.; Wenke, Joseph C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Patzkowski, Jeanne C.; Rivera, Jessica C.; Ficke, James R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Patzkowski, JC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU Bionova Medical FX Dr. Ficke or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Airlift Research Foundation. Dr. Wenke or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from Bionova Medical. Neither of the following authors nor any immediate family member has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Dr. Patzkowski and Dr. Rivera. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S23 EP S30 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S23 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000007 PM 22865131 ER PT J AU Rivera, JC Wenke, JC Buckwalter, JA Ficke, JR Johnson, AE AF Rivera, Jessica C. Wenke, Joseph C. Buckwalter, Joseph A. Ficke, James R. Johnson, Anthony E. TI Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Caused by Battlefield Injuries: The Primary Source of Disability in Warriors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID TIBIAL PLAFOND FRACTURES; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; INTERNAL-FIXATION; OPEN REDUCTION; RHEUMATIC CONDITIONS; MAJOR JOINTS; WAR INJURIES; ARTHRITIS; PREVALENCE; PLATEAU AB The Army Physical Evaluation Board results for wounded warriors from a previously described cohort were reviewed to identify permanently disabling conditions and whether the conditions were preexisting or caused by battlefield injury. Arthritis was the most common unfitting condition in this cohort, with 94.4% of cases attributed to combat injury and only 5.6% attributed to preexisting conditions or documented in the health records prior to battle injury. The most common causes of injury that resulted in arthritis were intra-articular fractures secondary to explosions, traumatic arthrotomies resulting from fragment projectiles, and gunshot wounds. Arthritis was recognized as a disabling condition an average of 19 +/- 10 months after injury. Research is needed to enhance prevention and management of joint injuries in order to minimize the disabling effects of joint degeneration in this young patient population. C1 [Rivera, Jessica C.; Ficke, James R.; Johnson, Anthony E.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Rivera, Jessica C.; Wenke, Joseph C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Buckwalter, Joseph A.] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City Vet Adm Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Buckwalter, Joseph A.] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Rivera, JC (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. OI Johnson, Anthony/0000-0002-0506-0059 FU BIOnova Medical; National Institutes of Health [P50 AR055533] FX Dr. Wenke or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from BIOnova Medical. Dr. Buckwalter or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to ISTO Technologies, Carbylan BioSurgery, and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Association. Dr. Ficke or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Airlift Research Foundation. Dr. Johnson or an immediate family member is a member of a speakers' bureau or has made paid presentations on behalf of Pfizer, serves as a paid consultant to the US Food and Drug Administration, has stock or stock options held in Pfizer, and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons. Neither Dr. Rivera nor any immediate family member has received anything of value from or has stock or stock options held in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.; Dr. Buckwalter's research is supported by National Institutes of Health Award P50 AR055533. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S64 EP S69 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S64 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000015 PM 22865140 ER PT J AU Wenke, JC Hsu, JR AF Wenke, Joseph C. Hsu, Joseph R. CA Extremity War Injuries VII Res TI Axioms Altered With Research SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION; COMBAT CASUALTIES; EXTERNAL FIXATION; EXTREMITY WOUNDS; ENDURING FREEDOM; OPEN FRACTURES; INJURIES AB The medical community is actively engaged in research to provide the highest level of evidence to support clinical practice. The care of wounded warriors creates unique challenges, and conducting research that provides evidence for clinical practice is important to outcomes in this patient population. When the current wars began, much debate centered on the best way to care for wounded warriors. To address these concerns, we use a MythBusters format, based on the popular television show, to describe how recent research has dispelled some earlier misconceptions and clarify how clinical practice has been changed. In addition, we assess the progress that has been made on addressing the original prioritized research objectives of the first Extremity War Injuries symposium. C1 [Wenke, Joseph C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Hsu, Joseph R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wenke, JC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. FU BIOnova Medical; Geneva Foundation; Combat Casualty Care Research Program; Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC) FX Dr. Wenke or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from BIOnova Medical. Dr. Hsu or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from The Geneva Foundation, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, and the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC), and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, Limb Lengthening Research Society, Orthopaedic Trauma Association, the METRC, Skeletal Trauma Research Consortium, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1067-151X EI 1940-5480 J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S88 EP S93 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S88 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000020 PM 22865146 ER PT J AU Wilken, JM Darter, BJ Goffar, SL Ellwein, JC Snell, RM Tomalis, EA Shaffer, SW AF Wilken, Jason M. Darter, Benjamin J. Goffar, Stephen L. Ellwein, Jesse C. Snell, Rachel M. Tomalis, Eric A. Shaffer, Scott W. TI Physical Performance Assessment in Military Service Members SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; LOWER-EXTREMITY TRAUMA; SQUARE STEP TEST; IRAQI FREEDOM; ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES; CLINICAL-TEST; BALANCE; PEOPLE; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY AB Few established measures allow effective quantification of physical performance in severely injured service members. We sought to establish preliminary normative data in 180 healthy, active-duty service members for physical performance measures that can be readily implemented in a clinical setting. Interrater and test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) values were also determined. Physical performance testing included self-selected walking velocity on level and uneven terrain, timed stair ascent, the sit-to-stand five times test, the four-square step test, and the 6-minute walk test. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, intraclass correlation coefficients, and MDC. Interrater and test-retest reliability were excellent for all measures (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.75). MDC values for timed measures were <0.3 seconds for interrater comparisons and <1.5 seconds for between-day comparisons. Physical performance measures had a narrow range of normal performance and were reliable and stable between days. C1 [Wilken, Jason M.; Darter, Benjamin J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ctr Intrepid, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Wilken, Jason M.; Darter, Benjamin J.; Goffar, Stephen L.; Ellwein, Jesse C.; Snell, Rachel M.; Tomalis, Eric A.; Shaffer, Scott W.] Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Wilken, JM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ctr Intrepid, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. OI Wilken, Jason/0000-0002-5556-7667 FU Military Amputee Research Program FX This project was funded by a grant from the Military Amputee Research Program. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of Brooke Army Medical Center, the US Army Medical Department, the US Army Office of the Surgeon General, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S42 EP S47 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S42 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000011 PM 22865136 ER PT S AU Wang, YS Williamson, C Huynh, G Emmitt, D Greco, S AF Wang, Yansen Williamson, Chatt Huynh, Giap Emmitt, David Greco, Steve BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Airborne Doppler Wind Lidar Data Fusion with a Diagnostic Wind Model SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XVII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Airborne Doppler wind lidar; Model initialization using lidar data ID COMPLEX TERRAIN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-BREEZE; MOUNTAIN VALLEY; MONTEREY BAY; FIELD; RETRIEVAL; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION AB An initialization method using airborne Doppler wind lidar data was developed and evaluated for a mass-consistent diagnostic wind model over complex terrain. The wind profiles were retrieved from the airborne lidar using a conical scanning scheme and a signal processing algorithm specifically designed for the airborne lidar system. An objective data analysis method in complex terrain was then applied to those wind profiles to produce a three-dimensional wind field for model initialization. The model results using the lidar data initialization were compared with independent surface weather observational data and profiles from a microwave radar wind profiler. For the complex terrain in the Salinas valley, the model evaluation with a limited number of observations indicated that the diagnostic wind model with airborne Doppler lidar data produced a reasonably good wind field in moderate to strong wind conditions. However, caution must be stressed for weak wind conditions in which the flow is thermally driven as the mass-consistent diagnostic wind model is not equipped to handle such cases. C1 [Wang, Yansen; Williamson, Chatt; Huynh, Giap] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI ED, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI ED, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM yansen.wang.civ@mail.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9057-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8379 AR 83790L DI 10.1117/12.918466 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAW89 UT WOS:000305843300020 ER PT S AU Wathen, M Link, N Iles, P Jinkerson, J Mrstik, P Kusevic, K Kovats, D AF Wathen, Mitch Link, Norah Iles, Peter Jinkerson, John Mrstik, Paul Kusevic, Kresimir Kovats, David BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Real-Time 3D Change Detection of IEDs SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XVII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Road-side bombs are a real and continuing threat to soldiers in theater. CAE USA recently developed a prototype Volume-based Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance (VISR) sensor platform for IED detection. This vehicle-mounted, prototype sensor system uses a high data rate LiDAR (1.33 million range measurements per second) to generate a 3D mapping of roadways. The mapped data is used as a reference to generate real-time change detection on future trips on the same roadways. The prototype VISR system is briefly described. The focus of this paper is the methodology used to process the 3D LiDAR data, in real-time, to detect small changes on and near the roadway ahead of a vehicle traveling at moderate speeds with sufficient warning to stop the vehicle at a safe distance from the threat. The system relies on accurate navigation equipment to geo-reference the reference run and the change-detection run. Since it was recognized early in the project that detection of small changes could not be achieved with accurate navigation solutions alone, a scene alignment algorithm was developed to register the reference run with the change detection run prior to applying the change detection algorithm. Good success was achieved in simultaneous real-time processing of scene alignment plus change detection. C1 [Wathen, Mitch] Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Army Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wathen, M (reprint author), Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Army Res Labs, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9057-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8379 AR 837908 DI 10.1117/12.918774 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAW89 UT WOS:000305843300007 ER PT J AU Zhong, XL Amorim, RG Scheicher, RH Pandey, R Karna, SP AF Zhong, Xiaoliang Amorim, Rodrigo G. Scheicher, Ralph H. Pandey, Ravindra Karna, Shashi P. TI Electronic structure and quantum transport properties of trilayers formed from graphene and boron nitride SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; BILAYER GRAPHENE; LAYER GRAPHENE; DIRECT GROWTH; GRAPHITE; BINDING; ENERGY AB We report the results of a theoretical study of graphene/BN/graphene and BN/graphene/BN trilayers using the van-der-Waals-corrected density functional theory in conjunction with the non-equilibrium Green's Function method. These trilayer systems formed from graphene and BN exhibit distinct stacking-dependent features in their ground state electronic structure and response to an applied electric field perpendicular to the trilayer planes. The graphene/BN/graphene system shows a negligible gap in the electronic band structure that increases for the AAA and ABA stackings under an external electric field, while the zero-field band gap of BN/graphene/BN remains unaffected by the electric field. When both types of trilayer systems are contacted with gold electrodes, a metal-like conduction is predicted in the low-field regime, which changes to a p-type conduction with an increase in the applied perpendicular bias field. C1 [Zhong, Xiaoliang; Amorim, Rodrigo G.; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Scheicher, Ralph H.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Div Mat Theory, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Karna, Shashi P.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, ATTN RDL WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pandey, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM pandey@mtu.edu RI Laufer Amorim, Renee/G-9174-2012; Zhong, Xiaoliang/B-2220-2012; Scheicher, Ralph/G-1740-2012; Amorim, Rodrigo /I-6173-2012; Amorim, Rodrigo/N-4139-2016 OI Amorim, Rodrigo/0000-0001-9611-8772 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0221]; Swedish Research Council (VR) [621-2009-3628] FX Helpful discussions with Saikat Mukhopadhyay, S. Gowtham and Dongwei Xu are acknowledged. The work at Michigan Technological University was performed under support by the Army Research Office through Contract Number W911NF-09-1-0221. RHS acknowledges the support of the Swedish Research Council (VR, grant no. 621-2009-3628). NR 60 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 17 BP 5490 EP 5498 DI 10.1039/c2nr31310c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 987TF UT WOS:000307439900033 PM 22854975 ER PT S AU Cam, H AF Cam, Hasan BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI RISE: Relational-Integrity-Sensitive-Encoding and Data Aggregation for Intrusion Detection SO CYBER SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE malware; software vulnerability; relations; control-flow; ordered binary decision diagram; overlapping code partition; alerts; data aggregation ID BINARY DECISION DIAGRAMS AB Attacks aim at exploiting vulnerabilities of a program to gain control over its execution. By analyzing the program semantics, relational integrity, and execution paths, this paper presents a relational-integrity approach to enhance the effectiveness of intrusion detection and prevention systems for malicious program traits. The basic idea is to first identify the main relational properties of program statements with respect to variables and operations like load and store and, then, to decide which relations could be checked through program statements or the guards inserted at the vulnerable points of program. These relational statements are represented by ordered binary decisions diagrams that are constructed for the entire program as well as the overlapping code partitions. When a host-based intrusion detection system monitors the execution of a program by checking the system calls of a process or the function calls of a driver, it may generate alerts for potential exploits. This paper also addresses data aggregation of alerts by considering their attributes and various probability distribution functions, where the Dempster's rule of combination is extended to aggregate data for dependent evidences as well. C1 USA, Network Sci Div, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cam, H (reprint author), USA, Network Sci Div, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hasan.cam.civ@mail.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9086-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8408 AR 840809 DI 10.1117/12.919343 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD53 UT WOS:000306563900007 ER PT S AU Cam, H AF Cam, Hasan BE Ternovskiy, IV Chin, P TI PeerShield: Determining Control and Resilience Criticality of Collaborative Cyber Assets in Networks SO CYBER SENSING 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cyber Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE cyber assets; control; resilience; network controllability; Bayesian network; decision-making; hierarchically well-separated tree; matching; ranking AB As attackers get more coordinated and advanced in cyber attacks, cyber assets are required to have much more resilience, control effectiveness, and collaboration in networks. Such a requirement makes it essential to take a comprehensive and objective approach for measuring the individual and relative performances of cyber security assets in network nodes. To this end, this paper presents four techniques as to how the relative importance of cyber assets can be measured more comprehensively and objectively by considering together the main variables of risk assessment (e.g., threats, vulnerabilities), multiple attributes (e.g., resilience, control, and influence), network connectivity and controllability among collaborative cyber assets in networks. In the first technique, a Bayesian network is used to include the random variables for control, recovery, and resilience attributes of nodes, in addition to the random variables of threats, vulnerabilities, and risk. The second technique shows how graph matching and coloring can be utilized to form collaborative pairs of nodes to shield together against threats and vulnerabilities. The third technique ranks the security assets of nodes by incorporating multiple weights and thresholds of attributes into a decision-making algorithm. In the fourth technique, the hierarchically well-separated tree is enhanced to first identify critical nodes of a network with respect to their attributes and network connectivity, and then selecting some nodes as driver nodes for network controllability. C1 USA, Network Sci Div, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cam, H (reprint author), USA, Network Sci Div, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hasan.cam.civ@mail.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9086-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8408 AR 840808 DI 10.1117/12.919394 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD53 UT WOS:000306563900006 ER PT J AU Baram, U Hughes, D AF Baram, Uzi Hughes, Daniel TI Florida and Its Historical Archaeology SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Baram, Uzi] New Coll Florida, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. [Hughes, Daniel] USA Corps Engineers, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. RP Baram, U (reprint author), New Coll Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Rd, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI ROCKVILLE PA 9707 KEY WEST AVENUE, STE 100, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 974OY UT WOS:000306447200002 ER PT J AU Hughes, D AF Hughes, Daniel TI A Case of Multiple Identities in La Florida: A Statistical Approach to Nascent Cosmopolitanism SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSUMPTION; ARCHAEOLOGY; TRADE AB Within the study of modem cosmopolitanism is the concept that people can have multiple citizenships created through overlapping identities. While this idea of cosmopolitanism differs from Kant's one-world law, it creates situations where cosmopolitan ideas or nascent cosmopolitanism exist as a result of these multiple identities. Through connections developed from the importation of various goods, such as ceramics, ideas of taste are expanded, which provides opportunities and intensification of access to the global economy for a contested periphery. This article will combine historical and archaeological data to demonstrate the possibility of nascent cosmopolitanism within La Florida at the end of the of the first Spanish period in the 18th century. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. RP Hughes, D (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, 701 San Marco Blvd, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI ROCKVILLE PA 9707 KEY WEST AVENUE, STE 100, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 8 EP 27 PG 20 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 974OY UT WOS:000306447200003 ER PT S AU Pulskamp, JS AF Pulskamp, Jeffrey S. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, A TI Millimeter-Scale MEMS Enabled Autonomous Systems: System Feasibility and Mobility SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IV CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE millimeter-scale robotics; autonomous systems; MEMS; PiezoMEMS; UAV ID INSECT FLIGHT; MICROROBOT; ACTUATORS AB Millimeter-scale robotic systems based on highly integrated microelectronics and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) could offer unique benefits and attributes for small-scale autonomous systems. This extreme scale for robotics will naturally constrain the realizable system capabilities significantly. This paper assesses the feasibility of developing such systems by defining the fundamental design trade spaces between component design variables and system level performance parameters. This permits the development of mobility enabling component technologies within a system relevant context. Feasible ranges of system mass, required aerodynamic power, available battery power, load supported power, flight endurance, and required leg load bearing capability are presented for millimeter-scale platforms. The analysis illustrates the feasibility of developing both flight capable and ground mobile millimeter-scale autonomous systems while highlighting the significant challenges that must be overcome to realize their potential. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pulskamp, JS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9051-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8373 AR 83731G DI 10.1117/12.918670 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BBD50 UT WOS:000306560400042 ER PT S AU Smith, GL Bedair, SS Schuster, BE Nothwang, WD Pulskamp, JS Meyer, CD Polcawich, RG AF Smith, G. L. Bedair, S. S. Schuster, B. E. Nothwang, W. D. Pulskamp, J. S. Meyer, C. D. Polcawich, R. G. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, A TI Biologically-Inspired, Haltere, Angular-Rate Sensors For Micro-Autonomous Systems SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IV CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE MEMS; gyro; Piezoelectric; Piezo; rate sensor; micro-autonomous systems; UAV ID BLOWFLY CALLIPHORA; FLIGHT AB Small autonomous aerial systems require the ability to detect roll, pitch, and yaw to enable stable flight. Existing inertial measurement units (IMUs) are incapable of accurately measuring roll-pitch-yaw within the size, weight, and power requirements of at-scale insect-inspired aerial autonomous systems. To overcome this, we have designed novel IMUs based on the biological haltere system in a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). MEMS haltere sensors were successfully simulated, designed, and fabricated with a control scheme that enables simple, straightforward decoupling of the signals. Passive mechanical logic was designed to facilitate the decoupling of the forces acting on the sensor. The control scheme was developed that efficiently and accurately decouples the three component parts from the haltere sensors. Individual, coupled, and arrayed halteres were fabricated. A series of static electrical tests and dynamic device tests were conducted, in addition to in-situ bend tests, to validate the simulation results, and these, taken as a whole, indicate that the MEMS haltere sensors will be inherently sensitive to the Coriolis forces caused by changes in angular rate. The successful fabrication of a micro-angular rate sensor represents a substantial breakthrough and is an enabling technology for a number of Army applications, including micro air vehicles (MAVs). C1 [Smith, G. L.; Bedair, S. S.; Nothwang, W. D.; Pulskamp, J. S.; Meyer, C. D.; Polcawich, R. G.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Smith, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bedair, Sarah/D-9130-2013 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9051-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8373 AR 83731K DI 10.1117/12.918678 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BBD50 UT WOS:000306560400046 ER PT S AU DeVries, K France, J Neiberg, MS Schneid, F AF DeVries, Kelly France, John Neiberg, Michael S. Schneid, Frederick BA Tonghini, C BF Tonghini, C TI SHAYZAR: AN OVERVIEW OF ITS HISTORY AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION SO SHAYZAR I: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE CITADEL SE History of Warfare LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [DeVries, Kelly] Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [France, John] Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Neiberg, Michael S.] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. [Schneid, Frederick] High Point Univ, High Point, NC USA. RP DeVries, K (reprint author), Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-7827 BN 978-90-04-21767-6 J9 HIST WARFARE PY 2012 VL 71 BP 1 EP + PG 56 WC Archaeology; History SC Archaeology; History GA BAC97 UT WOS:000303826300001 ER PT S AU DeVries, K France, J Neiberg, MS Schneid, F AF DeVries, Kelly France, John Neiberg, Michael S. Schneid, Frederick BA Tonghini, C BF Tonghini, C TI THE WRITTEN DOCUMENTATION: THE INSCRIPTIONS SO SHAYZAR I: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE CITADEL SE History of Warfare LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [DeVries, Kelly] Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [France, John] Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Neiberg, Michael S.] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. [Schneid, Frederick] High Point Univ, High Point, NC USA. RP DeVries, K (reprint author), Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-7827 BN 978-90-04-21767-6 J9 HIST WARFARE PY 2012 VL 71 BP 41 EP 91 PG 51 WC Archaeology; History SC Archaeology; History GA BAC97 UT WOS:000303826300002 ER PT S AU DeVries, K France, J Neiberg, MS Schneid, F AF DeVries, Kelly France, John Neiberg, Michael S. Schneid, Frederick BA Tonghini, C BF Tonghini, C TI THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SO SHAYZAR I: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE CITADEL SE History of Warfare LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [DeVries, Kelly] Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [France, John] Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Neiberg, Michael S.] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. [Schneid, Frederick] High Point Univ, High Point, NC USA. RP DeVries, K (reprint author), Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-7827 BN 978-90-04-21767-6 J9 HIST WARFARE PY 2012 VL 71 BP 93 EP 309 PG 217 WC Archaeology; History SC Archaeology; History GA BAC97 UT WOS:000303826300003 ER PT S AU DeVries, K France, J Neiberg, MS Schneid, F AF DeVries, Kelly France, John Neiberg, Michael S. Schneid, Frederick BA Tonghini, C BF Tonghini, C TI BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS SO SHAYZAR I: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE CITADEL SE History of Warfare LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [DeVries, Kelly] Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [France, John] Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Neiberg, Michael S.] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. [Schneid, Frederick] High Point Univ, High Point, NC USA. RP DeVries, K (reprint author), Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-7827 BN 978-90-04-21767-6 J9 HIST WARFARE PY 2012 VL 71 BP 311 EP 403 PG 93 WC Archaeology; History SC Archaeology; History GA BAC97 UT WOS:000303826300004 ER PT S AU DeVries, K France, J Neiberg, MS Schneid, F AF DeVries, Kelly France, John Neiberg, Michael S. Schneid, Frederick BA Tonghini, C BF Tonghini, C TI THE FORTIFICATION OF SHAYZAR: CONSTRUCTIONAL STAGES AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE DEFENCES SO SHAYZAR I: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE CITADEL SE History of Warfare LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [DeVries, Kelly] Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [France, John] Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. [Neiberg, Michael S.] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. [Schneid, Frederick] High Point Univ, High Point, NC USA. RP DeVries, K (reprint author), Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-7827 BN 978-90-04-21767-6 J9 HIST WARFARE PY 2012 VL 71 BP 405 EP 472 PG 68 WC Archaeology; History SC Archaeology; History GA BAC97 UT WOS:000303826300005 ER PT S AU Chen, Y Nasrabadi, NM Tran, TD AF Chen, Yi Nasrabadi, Nasser M. Tran, Trac D. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Kernel Sparse Representation for Hyperspectral Target Detection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; SUBSPACE DETECTORS; MATCHING PURSUIT; ALGORITHMS; APPROXIMATION; RECOVERY AB A nonlinear kernel-based classifier for hyperspectral target detection is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach relies on sparsely representing a test sample in terms of all the training samples in a high-dimensional feature space induced by a kernel function. Specifically, the feature representation of a test pixel is assumed to be compactly expressed as a sparse linear combination of few atoms from a training dictionary consisting of both background and target training samples in the same feature space. The sparse representation vector is obtained by decomposing the test pixel over the training dictionary via a kernelized greedy algorithm, which uses the kernel trick to avoid explicit evaluations of the data in the feature space. The class label is then determined by comparing the reconstruction accuracy with respect to the background and target sub-dictionaries using the recovered sparse vector. Designing the classifier in a high-dimensional feature subspace will implicitly exploit the higher-order structure (correlations) within the data which cannot be captured by a linear model. Therefore, by projecting the pixels into a kernel feature space and kernelizing the linear sparse representation model, the data separability between the background and target classes will be shown to be improved, leading to a more accurate detection performance. The effectiveness of the proposed kernel sparsity model for target detection is demonstrated by experimental results on real hyperspectral images. C1 [Chen, Yi; Tran, Trac D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ychen98@jhu.edu; nasser.m.nasrabadi.civ@mail.mil; trac@jhu.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 839005 DI 10.1117/12.918722 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700005 ER PT S AU Gurram, P Kwon, H AF Gurram, Prudhvi Kwon, Heesung BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Kernel-based Joint Spectral and Spatial Exploitation Using Hilbert Space Embedding for Hyperspectral Classification SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Contextual Support Vector Machine (SVM); Hyperspectral Classification; Hilbert Space Embedding AB In this paper, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based method to jointly exploit spectral and spatial information from hyperspectral images to improve classification performance is presented. In order to optimally exploit this joint information, we propose to use a novel idea of embedding a local distribution of input hyperspectral data into the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS). A Hilbert Space Embedding called mean map is utilized to map a group of neighboring pixels of a hyperspectral image into the RKHS and then, calculate the empirical mean of the mapped points in the RKHS. SVM based classification performed on the mean mapped points can fully exploit the spectral information as well as ensure spatial continuity among neighboring pixels. The proposed technique showed significant improvement over the existing composite kernels on two hyperspectral image data sets. C1 [Gurram, Prudhvi; Kwon, Heesung] USA, Res Lab, Image Proc Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gurram, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Image Proc Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM heesung.kwon@us.army.mil; pkgurram@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 83901R DI 10.1117/12.918338 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700056 ER PT S AU Sarfaraz, M Sauser, BJ Bauer, EW AF Sarfaraz, Matin Sauser, Brian J. Bauer, Edward W. BE Dagli, CH TI Using System Architecture Maturity Artifacts to Improve Technology Maturity Assessment SO CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol (S&T), Stevens Inst Technol, Univ So Calif (USC) DE Decision Making; Technology Readiness Levels; System Architecture; DoDAF; Maturity Assessment ID DELPHI METHOD AB The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is a measurement used to assess the maturity of a technology prior to its inclusion in a system. It is a management tool utilized by program managers, project managers, and others in acquisition management to assess technology maturity. The TRL of a technology is determined by the assessment of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) who examine the degree to which a criteria is being fulfilled. One of the current deficiencies in using TRLs is the subjectivity in determining the readiness value. This paper aims to reduce subjectivity in TRL maturity assessments by utilizing the maturity artifacts present in system architecture models. This paper will propose a technique and research methodology that can support TRL in technology maturity assessment in the design and development phase of a technology lifecycle. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection C1 [Sarfaraz, Matin; Sauser, Brian J.] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Bauer, Edward W.] US Army RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, Picatinny Arsenal 07806, NJ USA. RP Sarfaraz, M (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 8 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.034 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBA33 UT WOS:000306293000023 ER PT J AU Makela, A AF Makela, A. TI EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF COUNTERTRANSFERENCE ON GERIATRIC PATIENTS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Makela, A.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-726 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695401346 ER PT S AU Lilley, S Vizgaitis, J Everett, J Spinazzola, B AF Lilley, Scott Vizgaitis, Jay Everett, Jonathan Spinazzola, Bob BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Multi-field of view see-spot optics SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SWIR; MWIR; broad band; infrared; optics; catadioptric AB The increasing availability of sensors that can image in the 1-5 micron region has allowed for systems to be developed that utilize the full spectrum. Past MWIR systems have typically only imaged in the 3-5 micron region, but the new detectors allow imaging in the SWIR and MWIR bands with the same system. The use of a single FPA reduces SWAP and allows the user to see laser rangefinder and laser designator wavelengths. NVESD and Axsys have designed and built a SWIR/MWIR optical system that images in the 1-5 micron band. The optical system utilizes a cooled infrared detector that images in the 3-5 micron band as well as 1.04 - 1.08 and 1.54 microns without having to refocus the system to see the SWIR wavelengths. This provided an optical challenge to design a system that would image from 1-5 microns on the same detector. A combination reflective/refractive design was chosen in order to minimize packaging and meet the different FOV requirements. This paper discusses the design and development of a multi-FOV optical system with the capability to image across the 1-5 micron spectral band utilizing a combination of reflective and refractive components. C1 [Lilley, Scott; Vizgaitis, Jay] USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Lilley, S (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9031-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8353 AR 83531Y DI 10.1117/12.924414 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBE01 UT WOS:000306604400069 ER PT J AU de Rosset, WS AF de Rosset, William S. TI Gun Tube M-3 Symposium-Overview and Perspective SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ceramic gun tubes; Explosive bonding of gun liners; Gun barrel wear and erosion; Thermal modeling C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP de Rosset, WS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 809 EP 810 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.602798 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400001 ER PT J AU de Rosset, WS AF de Rosset, William S. TI Gun Liner Bond Strength Studies SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD DE Bond strength; Elastomer; Gun tube liner; Plastic deformation; Stellite 25 AB Experiments have been conducted to see if internal grooves machined in steel cylinders will lead to higher bond strengths produced by the Gun Liner Emplacement with an Elastomeric Material (GLEEM) process. Groove depth and twist angle were varied. Both experimental and analytical studies showed that at the pressures used, there was little movement of the liner material into the machined grooves. However, the liner was seen to conform to very small machining marks in the steel cylinder inner bore, providing an increase in the coefficient of friction. Bond strengths of over 30 MPa were obtained. C1 [de Rosset, William S.] Dynam Sci Inc, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP de Rosset, WS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM william.s.derosset.ctr@mail.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911QX04-C-0057] FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under contract W911QX04-C-0057. The author is indebted to David Gray, who conducted the GLEEM processing. Special thanks go to Dr. James Bender, who assisted in the ANSYS calculations. Finally, thanks are given to Kaitlynn Fisher for the profilometry measurements. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 811 EP 814 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.648688 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400002 ER PT J AU Garner, J Conroy, P Keppinger, R Oberlin, G AF Garner, James Conroy, Paul Keppinger, Robert Oberlin, Gregory TI Small Arms Gun Tube Nondestructive Evaluation Characterization SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD DE Bore map; Erosion; Gun barrel AB Over the course of the past four years, advances have been made in the in-bore characterization of small arms to include 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm systems at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL). This involves the application of in-bore laser measurements of the gun tube surface to very high level of resolution and accuracy which was previously unobtainable using existing conventional systems. The first 5.56 mm in-bore laser measuring system was manufactured for the ARL by Laser Techniques Co. (LTC) of Redmond, WA. The 5.56 mm system has been applied to the following weapons: M4, M16A1, M249 as well as other 5.56 mm weapons. It produces a three-dimensional (3-D) map of the bore surface to a depth resolution of 10 microns and axial resolution of 40 microns and circumferential resolution of 0.6 degrees. A color pallet is created and applied to the radial displacement from a baseline, and a picture is produced showing details of the bore surface. These characterization efforts have been augmented by visual scopes as well. One of the first applications of these systems was to analyze a series of firings in three each of M4, M16A2, and M249 weapons. This produced scans that were subsequently analyzed using Matlab to determine a history of wear life. This data is useful in enhancing predictive wear rates for barrels as well as for comparisons against recorded wear rates of fielded barrels. C1 [Garner, James; Conroy, Paul; Keppinger, Robert] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Oberlin, Gregory] Data Matrix Solut Inc, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Garner, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM james.m.garner.cib@mail.mil NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 815 EP 819 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.648689 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400003 ER PT J AU Trexler, MD Carter, R de Rosset, WS Gray, D Helfritch, DJ Champagne, VK AF Trexler, Matthew D. Carter, Robert de Rosset, William S. Gray, David Helfritch, Dennis J. Champagne, Victor K. TI Cold Spray Fabrication of Refractory Materials for Gun Barrel Liner Applications SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD ID POWDER PARTICLES; COATINGS; VELOCITY; IMPACT AB The use of refractory materials is currently being developed for gun barrel coatings and liners. Explosive cladding has been shown to be a successful method for bonding liners into 25-mm M242 Bushmaster barrels. The process relies on commercially available tube products that serve as the liner materials, which are often difficult to manufacture. Cold spray is a novel process used to consolidate metal powders into both thin coatings and large bulk materials that is being investigated as a cost effective alternative to conventional processing techniques. This work examines the use of cold spray as it pertains to the consolidation of Ta donor tubes for explosively bonded gun liners. Ta tubes were consolidated and annealed to increase the ductility of the material from 0.2% strain to 35% strain as determined by tensile testing. Ta donor tube was successfully explosively clad to 25 mm gun barrel forging. Bond strength testing results of explosively clad cold spray tube were found to be comparable to commercially obtained liners. C1 [Trexler, Matthew D.; Carter, Robert; de Rosset, William S.; Gray, David; Helfritch, Dennis J.; Champagne, Victor K.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Trexler, MD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM matthew.d.trexler.civ@mail.mil NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 820 EP 824 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.648690 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400004 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, Jerome T. TI Electromagnetic and Conventional Guns Comparison from a Mechanics and Material Perspective SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD DE Composites; Electromagnetic railgun; Pulsed power ID RAILGUN AB Electromagnetic (EM) railguns are similar to conventional guns in that both provide forward acceleration to the projectile, while sustaining the EM force or pressure during launch of projectiles. They both are subjected to an extreme thermal and erosive condition resulting from electrical resistance or combustion gas. While there are similarities, there are also striking differences due to the difference of propulsion mechanisms. Both are explored and compared in the present paper with emphasis placed on the aspect of materials and mechanics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jerome.t.tzeng.civ@mail.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.648691 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400006 ER PT J AU Vigilante, GN Bartolucci, S Izzo, J Witherell, M Smith, SB AF Vigilante, G. N. Bartolucci, S. Izzo, J. Witherell, M. Smith, S. B. TI Gleeble Testing to Assess Solid/Liquid Metal Embrittlement of Gun Steels by Copper SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD DE Artillery gun; Copper embrittlement; Coppering; Embrittlement; Environmental cracking; Gleeble; Gleeble testing; Gun steel; Liquid metal embrittlement; Solid metal embrittlement AB Gleeble testing was performed to assess the solid/liquid metal embrittlement of gun steels by copper. An interior ballistics and finite element model provided the maximum bore temperatures in a 155 mm gun after aggressive firing. Specimens were manufactured out of three different steels. Testing was performed on bare steel as well as copper plated specimens at temperatures ranging from 868 degrees C to 1,100 degrees C. Additionally, notched and un-notched specimens were tested. After testing, metallography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were performed. Embrittlement occurred in all copper plated steels tested at 1,100 degrees C. Below 1,100 degrees C, there was only slight evidence of embrittlement. C1 [Vigilante, G. N.; Bartolucci, S.; Izzo, J.; Witherell, M.; Smith, S. B.] USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Vigilante, GN (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. EM gregory.n.vigilante@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 835 EP 839 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.648693 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400007 ER PT J AU Harris, J Segall, AE Carter, R AF Harris, J. Segall, A. E. Carter, R. TI Severe Thermal and Pressure Transients and the Survival of Internally Coated Tubes with Interface Defects SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD DE Cylinder; Inverse; Slab; Thermal-strain; Thermal-stress; Transient ID BARRIER COATINGS; DELAMINATION; CRACKING; DAMAGE; MECHANISMS; SUBSTRATE AB The effects of severe thermal and pressure transient pulses on the interior of coated tubes with known defects (cracks and blisters) have been analyzed using finite-element methods. For the modeling, both axisymmetric and three-dimensional (3-D) meshes were developed and used to assess the transient thermal-and stress-states and the propensity for fracture related damage. For all calculations, temperature dependent thermophysical and elastic properties were used during the analysis. The model also utilized uniform heating and pressure across the ID surface imposed via convective coefficients and a piece-wise linear pressure function. Results indicated that both had a significant influence on the maximum circumferential (hoop) stresses and temperatures and that the compressive thermal stresses help to offset the tensile stresses generated by the pressure. Calculations also looked into the influence of these factors when a cracks and/or blister defect was introduced at the interface of the coating and substrate with and without pressure. C1 [Harris, J.; Segall, A. E.] Penn State Univ, USA, Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Carter, R.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MB, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Segall, AE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, USA, Res Lab, 212 EEs Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM aesegall@psu.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 852 EP 859 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.648695 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400010 ER PT J AU Hespos, MR AF Hespos, Michael R. TI M2 Machine Gun Barrel Wear with SLAP Ammunition SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD DE Bore shrinkage; Gas seepage; Liner bond strength; M2 barrel wear; Residual stress; Retainer torque; Shear test; Shrink fit; SLAP ammunition; Stellite AB The M2 machine gun has a Stellite-lined barrel. When Saboted-Light-Armor-Penetrator (SLAP) ammunition is fired in M2 barrels, the bore often constricts below the minimum diameter in less than 2,500 rounds. The requirement is 10,000 rounds. When fired with ball ammunition, the M2 barrel exceeds that requirement. Although SLAP ammunition is not widely used, solving the wear issue with SLAP may improve the barrel life with ball ammunition. The following work is presented: a literature search, an analysis of the wear phenomenon and manufacturing process, as well as recommendations to improve M2 barrel life. Brief mention will be made of prototype small caliber gun barrels being fabricated and tested. Previous work and testing conducted herein find that the bore constriction is most likely caused by inadequate shrink fit during the barrel assembly process. That is, test results find some correlation between barrels with low round count and non-conforming barrel assembly. C1 USA, ARDEC, RDAR MEE M, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Hespos, MR (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, RDAR MEE M, Bldg 60, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM michael.hespos@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 869 EP 874 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.648696 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400012 ER PT S AU Wunderer, T Chua, CL Northrup, JE Yang, Z Johnson, NM Kneissl, M Garrett, GA Shen, H Wraback, M Moody, B Craft, HS Schlesser, R Dalmau, RF Sitar, Z AF Wunderer, T. Chua, C. L. Northrup, J. E. Yang, Z. Johnson, N. M. Kneissl, M. Garrett, G. A. Shen, H. Wraback, M. Moody, B. Craft, H. S. Schlesser, R. Dalmau, R. F. Sitar, Z. BE Parbrook, PJ Martin, RW Halsall, MP TI Optically pumped UV lasers grown on bulk AlN substrates SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 9, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY JUL 10-15, 2011 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP AIXTRON, AkzoNobel, LG Elect, OSRAM Opto Semicond, CREE, LAYTEC In-situ Sensors, Philips Lumileds, Veeco, Glengoyne DE laser; ultraviolet; AlN; AlGaN; polarization; stimulated emission ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; QUANTUM-WELL LASER; SEEDED GROWTH; NM; CRYSTALS; GAN AB Sub-300nm optically pumped ultraviolet lasers were realized on low-defect-density (0001) AlN substrates fabricated from single crystalline AlN boules. The AlxGa1-xN/AlyGa1-yN hetero-structures were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy near atmospheric pressure. The high structural quality of the pseudomorphically deposited films was confirmed by X-ray reciprocal space mappings and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies of the multiple quantum well emission. The initial PL-decay times for a sample emitting at 267 nm were 0.87 ns and 1.14 ns for T = 295K and T = 14K, respectively. Laser resonators with a length of about 1mm were formed by cleaving the AlN crystal to obtain m-plane mirror facets. Lasing was demonstrated for various wavelengths between 267 and 291nm with the threshold power density as low as 126kW/cm(2) for the shortest attempted wavelength. The laser emission was TE polarized for all emission wavelengths. (C) 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Wunderer, T.; Chua, C. L.; Northrup, J. E.; Yang, Z.; Johnson, N. M.; Kneissl, M.] Palo Alto Res Ctr Inc, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Garrett, G. A.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Moody, B.; Craft, H. S.; Schlesser, R.; Dalmau, R. F.; Sitar, Z.] HexaTech Inc, Morrisville, NY 27560 USA. RP Wunderer, T (reprint author), Palo Alto Res Ctr Inc, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM thomas.wunderer@parc.com RI Kneissl, Michael/B-9682-2012 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; U.S. Army Cooperative [W911NF-10-02-0102] FX The authors are pleased to acknowledge the technical support provided by Cliff Knollenberg, Bowen Cheng, Mark Teepe and Brent Krusor. The work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency CMUVT Program (PM: Dr. John Albrecht) under U.S. Army Cooperative Agreement No. W911NF-10-02-0102. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 822 EP 825 DI 10.1002/pssc.201100424 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Physics GA BBD39 UT WOS:000306521600101 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Ramirez, S Varney, SM AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Ramirez, Sasha Varney, Shawn M. TI Spice: A New "Legal" Herbal Mixture Abused by Young Active Duty Military Personnel SO SUBSTANCE ABUSE LA English DT Article DE Cannabinoid; military; spice; substance abuse AB Spice is an herbal mixture smoked for euphoria and mixed with synthetic cannabinoids that are undetected on urine drug screens. Spice use has increased in the military because it is considered legal and is not detected on urine drug screen. The authors describe 3 cases of Spice use in military members. Case 1: 19-year-old male presented with paranoia, agitation, and visual hallucinations after smoking the "Space" brand of Spice. Urine thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were negative. Case 2: 19-year-old female presented with sedation, amnesia, and agitation. She smoked the "Space" brand. She was alert within 3 hours of arrival. Urine GC-MS detected levorphanol. Case 3: 23-year-old male presented with delusions and paranoia. He complained of "monsters on his back." His symptoms improved in the emergency department (ED). His urine TLC and GC-MS were negative. All cases were admitted and evaluated by a toxicologist; all 3 had their history corroborated by family or friends, or with drug paraphernalia. Spice is a new herbal mixture that is increasingly used in the military. Expected effects are similar to cannabis, but may include more paranoia and hallucinations, and may differ for each brand. C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Brooke Army Med Ctr, 23239 Crest View Way, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0889-7077 J9 SUBST ABUS JI Subst. Abus. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1080/08897077.2011.637610 PG 4 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 974UZ UT WOS:000306464200015 PM 22489593 ER PT S AU Barrowes, BE Shubitidze, F Grzegorczyk, TM Fernandez, P O'Neill, K AF Barrowes, Benjamin E. Shubitidze, Fridon Grzegorczyk, Tomasz M. Fernandez, Pablo O'Neill, Kevin BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Pedemis: a Portable Electromagnetic Induction Sensor with Integrated Positioning SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE EMI; UXO; Pedemis; quasistatic; vector receiver; sensitivity; handheld; discrimination; multitarget ID MAGNETIC CHARGE MODEL; UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE; DISCRIMINATION; EXCITATION; UXO AB Pedemis (PortablE Decoupled Electromagnetic Induction Sensor) is a time-domain handheld electromagnetic induction (EMI) instrument with the intended purpose of improving the detection and classification of UneXploded Ordnance (UXO). Pedemis sports nine coplanar transmitters (the Tx assembly) and nine triaxial receivers held in a fixed geometry with respect to each other (the Rx assembly) but with that Rx assembly physically decoupled from the Tx assembly allowing flexible data acquisition modes and deployment options. The data acquisition (DAQ) electronics consists of the National Instruments (NI) cRIO platform which is much lighter and more energy efficient that prior DAQ platforms. Pedemis has successfully acquired initial data, and inversion of the data acquired during these initial tests has yielded satisfactory polarizabilities of a spherical target. In addition, precise positioning of the Rx assembly has been achieved via position inversion algorithms based solely on the data acquired from the receivers during the "on-time" of the primary field. Pedemis has been designed to be a flexible yet user friendly EMI instrument that can survey, detect and classify targets in a one pass solution. In this paper, the Pedemis instrument is introduced along with its operation protocols, initial data results, and current status. C1 [Barrowes, Benjamin E.; O'Neill, Kevin] USACE ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Barrowes, BE (reprint author), USACE ERDC CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM benjamin.e.barrowes@usace.army.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 835702 DI 10.1117/12.918321 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400001 ER PT S AU Burns, B AF Burns, Brian BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Forward Looking GPR Sidelobe Reduction Using L1-norm Minimization SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Ground Penetrating Radar AB Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been applied for several years to the problem of detecting both anti-personnel and anti-tank landmines. One area of research is using Forward Looking GPR (FLGPR) to detect mines. While FLGPR has the advantage of standoff versus downward looking GPR, the responses from buried targets generally decrease while the responses from clutter increase. One source of clutter is from sidelobes and grating lobes caused by off-road clutter. As it is not possible to get a narrow beamwidth at the low frequencies required to get ground penetration, FLGPR receives responses from both on and off the road. Off-road clutter responses are often much stronger than the responses from buried mines. These off-road clutter objects can produce sidelobes that overlap with and obscure the responses from inroad targets. This becomes especially problematic if the antenna array spacing is not fine enough and grating lobes are formed. To reduce both the sidelobes and grating lobes, a technique using L1-norm minimization was tested. One advantage of this technique is it only requires a single aperture. The resulting image retains phase information which allows the images to be then coherently summed, resulting in better quality images. In this paper a description of the algorithm is provided. The algorithm was applied to a FLGPR data set to show its ability to reduce both sidelobes and grating lobes. Resulting images are shown. C1 USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Burns, B (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 835713 DI 10.1117/12.922807 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400035 ER PT S AU Burns, B Clark, WW McMichael, I AF Burns, Brian Clark, William W. McMichael, Ian BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Modeling GPR Data from LIDAR Soil Surface Profile SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Ground Penetrating Radar AB Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been applied for several years to the problem of detecting both anti-personnel and anti-tank landmines. One major challenge for reliable mine detection using GPR is removing the response from the ground. When the ground is flat this is a straightforward process. For the NIITEK GPR, the flat ground will show up as one of the largest responses and will be consistent across all the channels, making the surface simple to detect and remove. Typically, the largest responses from each channel, assumed to be the surface, are aligned in range and then zeroed out. When the ground is not flat, the response from the ground becomes more complicated making it no longer possible to just assume the largest response is from the ground. Also, certain soil surface features can create responses that look very similar to those of mines. To further complicate the ground removal process, the motion of the GPR antenna is not measured, making it impossible to determine if the ground or antenna is moving from just the GPR data. To address surface clutter issues arising from uneven ground, NVESD investigated profiling the soil surface with a LIDAR. The motion of both the LIDAR and GPR was tracked so the relative locations could be determined. Using the LIDAR soil surface profile, GPR data was modeled using a simplified version of the Physical Optics model. This modeled data could then be subtracted from the measured GPR data, leaving the response without the soil surface. In this paper we present a description and results from an experiment conducted with a NIITEK GPR and LIDAR over surface features and buried landmines. A description of the model used to generate the GPR response from the soil and the algorithm that was used to subtract the two provided. Mine detection performances using both GPR only and GPR with LIDAR algorithms are compared. C1 [Burns, Brian; Clark, William W.; McMichael, Ian] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Burns, B (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 835712 DI 10.1117/12.922806 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400034 ER PT S AU Derzko, Z Eylander, JB Broach, JT AF Derzko, Zenon Eylander, John B. Broach, J. Thomas BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Schedule optimization for IR detection of buried targets SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE finite elements; WRF; CTB; soils; buried targets; weather prediction ID CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION AB Schedule optimization of air platforms for IR sensors is a priority because of 1) the time sensitive nature of the IR detection of buried targets, 2) limited air platform assets, and 3) limited bandwidth for live-feed video. Scheduling optimization for airborne IR sensors depends on transient meteorological predictions, transient soil properties, target type and depth. This work involves using predictions from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a regional weather model, as input to the Countermine Computational Test Bed (CTB), a 3D finite element model that accounts for coupled heat and moisture transfer in soil and targets. The result is a continuous 2-day optimized schedule for airborne IR assets. In this paper, a 2-day optimized schedule for an airborne IR sensor asset is demonstrated for a single geographical location with a buried target. Transient physical surface and subsurface soil temperatures are presented as well as the phase-shifted, transient thermal response of the target. C1 [Derzko, Zenon; Broach, J. Thomas] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Derzko, Z (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83570N DI 10.1117/12.918490 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400021 ER PT S AU Derzko, Z Nguyen, O Phan, C Lydic, R Broach, JT AF Derzko, Zenon Oanh Nguyen Chung Phan Lydic, Richard Broach, J. Thomas BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Rain effects on physical soil temperatures with buried targets SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE finite elements; ADH; heat and moisture transfer; soils; buried targets; precipitation; rain ID MODEL AB Rain affects the thermal properties of soil and the temperature of soils and buried targets in the penetration depth of the water. This work involves using predictions from the Countermine Computational Test Bed, (CTB), a 3-D finite element model that accounts for coupled heat and moisture transfer in soil and targets. The meteorological data set used in this work is one day of a meteorological data set, repeated over 3 days. The repeated meteorological data set is required to isolate the effects of rain. The CTB is used to predict and compare surface and subsurface soil and target temperatures with and without rain. The meteorological data set contains 24hrs without rain, followed by 14 hrs of rain at a precipitation rate of 5 mm/hr, then 10 hours plus 1 subsequent day without rain and with no cloud cover. C1 [Derzko, Zenon; Oanh Nguyen; Chung Phan; Lydic, Richard; Broach, J. Thomas] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Derzko, Z (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83570M DI 10.1117/12.918485 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400020 ER PT S AU Derzko, Z Nguyen, O Phan, C Lydic, R Broach, JT Moore, T AF Derzko, Zenon Oanh Nguyen Chung Phan Lydic, Richard Broach, J. Thomas Moore, Timothy BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Cloud cover effects on physical soil temperatures with buried targets SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE cloud cover; finite elements; ADH; heat and moisture transfer; soil temperature; buried targets ID MODEL AB Cloud cover affects direct and diffuse solar radiation and IR downwelling, and the values for these 3 components are calculated using measured meterological data and varying the values of cloud cover and cloud type using algorithms from the literature. The effects of these 3 transient forcing function components on surface, subsurface and target interior temperatures are studied in this work. The cloud cover effects are isolated from the varying multi-day diurnal cycles by repeating the meteorological data for 1 day. Cloud cover is a subgrid variable and hence, is often reported as 0 or 100%. This study includes a comparison of the effects of these two cloud cover values on a single geographical location for 6 days, with each day repeating the meterological conditions of day 1. This work involves using predictions from the Countermine Computational Test Bed (CTB), a 3D finite element model that accounts for coupled heat and moisture transfer in soil and targets. C1 [Derzko, Zenon; Oanh Nguyen; Chung Phan; Lydic, Richard; Broach, J. Thomas] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Derzko, Z (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83570L DI 10.1117/12.918468 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400019 ER PT S AU Eslinger, OJ Winton, C Hines, AM Goodson, R Howington, SE Kala, R Fairley, J Price, S Elder, K AF Eslinger, Owen J. Winton, Corey Hines, Amanda M. Goodson, Ricky Howington, Stacy E. Kala, Raju Fairley, Josh Price, Stephanie Elder, Kelly BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Examining the sensitivity of simulated surface temperatures due to meteorological conditions SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE EO/IR; modeling and simulation; model validation; computational testbed AB The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has developed a suite of models that replicate the significant geo-physical processes that affect the thermal signatures sensed by infrared imaging systems. This suite of models also includes an electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) sensor model that produces synthetic thermal imagery. The EO/IR sensor model can be adapted to replicate the performance of other infrared sensor systems as well. It is well known that field-collected IR imagery can be influenced by the micro-topographic features of a particular location. As a result, the performance of automated target recognition algorithms and decisions based on their results can also be affected. Other significant contributors to false alarms and issues with probabilities-of-detection include the relative locations of vegetation and local changes in soil types or properties. For example, a change in the retention of soil moisture alone is known to contribute to false alarms due to changes in radiative and thermal properties of wet versus dry soil. Many aspects of field data collection efforts (weather, soil uniformity, etc.) cannot be controlled nor changed after the fact. Within a computational framework, however, plant and object locations, as well as weather patterns, can all be changed. In this work, the sensitivity of simulated IR imagery will be examined as it relates to initial states and boundary forcing terms due to weather conditions. Different approaches to these inputs will be examined using the computational testbed developed at the ERDC. C1 [Eslinger, Owen J.; Winton, Corey; Hines, Amanda M.; Goodson, Ricky; Howington, Stacy E.; Kala, Raju; Fairley, Josh; Price, Stephanie] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Eslinger, OJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr ERDC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM owen.j.eslinger@usace.army.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83570K DI 10.1117/12.922948 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400018 ER PT S AU Habersat, JD Schilling, BW Alexander, J Lehecka, T AF Habersat, James D. Schilling, Bradley W. Alexander, Joe Lehecka, Thomas BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Laser neutralization of surface and buried munitions SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE countermine technology; landmines; neutralization; laser AB In recent years NVESD has been investigating laser-based neutralization of buried mines and mine-like targets. This paper covers the most recent efforts in this area. A field-test was conducted to demonstrate the state-of-the-art capability for standoff laser neutralization of surface and buried mines. The neutralization laser is a Ytterbium fiber laser with a nominal power output of 10 kW and a beam quality of M-2 approximate to 1.8 at maximum power. Test trials were conducted at a standoff range of 50 meters with a 20 degrees angle of attack. The laser was focused to a submillimeter spot using a Cassegrain telescope with a 12.5 inch diameter primary mirror. The targets were 105 mm artillery rounds with a composition B explosive fill. Three types of overburden were studied: sand, soil, and gravel. Laser neutralization capability was demonstrated under these conditions for live rounds buried under 7 cm of dry sand, 4 cm of soil, and 2 cm of gravel. C1 [Habersat, James D.; Schilling, Bradley W.; Alexander, Joe] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Habersat, JD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 835718 DI 10.1117/12.921219 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400038 ER PT S AU Kala, RV Fairley, JR Price, SJ Ballard, JR Carrillo, AR Howington, SE Eslinger, OJ Hines, AM Goodson, RA AF Kala, Raju V. Fairley, Josh R. Price, Stephanie J. Ballard, Jerry R., Jr. Carrillo, Alex R. Howington, Stacy E. Eslinger, Owen J. Hines, Amanda M. Goodson, Ricky A. BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Overview of Computational Testbed for Evaluating Electro-Optical/Infrared Sensor Systems SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Computation Testbed; High Performance Computing; Geophysical Modeling and Imaging ID MODEL AB The U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) developed a near-surface computational testbed (CTB) for modeling geo-environments. This modeling capability is used to predict and improve the performance of current and future-force sensor systems for surface and near-surface threat detection for a wide range of geo-environments. The CTB is a suite of integrated models and tools used to approximately replicate geo-physical processes such as radiometry, meteorology, moisture transport, and thermal transport that influence the resultant signatures of both natural and man-made materials, as perceived by the sensors. The CTB is designed within a High Performance Computing (HPC) framework to accommodate the size and complexity of the virtual environments required for analyzing and quantifying sensor performance. Specifically, as a rule-of-thumb, the size of the scene should encompass an area that is at a minimum, the size of the spatial coverage of the sensor. This HPC capability allows the CTB to replicate geophysical processes and subsurface heterogeneity with high levels of realism and to provide new insight into identifying the geophysical processes and environmental factors that significantly affect the signatures sensed by multispectral imaging, near-infrared, mid-wave infrared, long-wave infrared, and ground penetrating radar sensors. Additionally, this effort is helping to quantify the performance and optimal time-of-use for sensors to detect threats within highly heterogeneous geo-environments by reducing false alarms from automated target recognition algorithms. C1 [Kala, Raju V.; Fairley, Josh R.; Price, Stephanie J.; Ballard, Jerry R., Jr.; Carrillo, Alex R.; Howington, Stacy E.; Eslinger, Owen J.; Hines, Amanda M.; Goodson, Ricky A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kala, RV (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83570J DI 10.1117/12.922910 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400017 ER PT S AU Luke, RH Cumo, MA AF Luke, Robert H. Cumo, Mark A. BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Ground Tracking Using Microsoft Kinect Sensor for Ground Penetrating Radar SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ground tracking; Microsoft Kinect; GPR ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; LANDMINE DETECTION; DISCRIMINATION AB Ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems have been successfully developed and deployed for buried object detection in real-world environments. Currently, the detection algorithms using GPR assume a flat earth model and incoming data is manipulated so the air ground interface conforms to this requirement. This manipulation of data occasionally results in missed detections and false alarms. Knowing the exact location of the air-ground interface could be used to relax the flat earth assumption and alleviate some of the associated detection problems. This paper describes a method of using the Microsoft Kinect sensor to track the ground for use in the buried object detection algorithms. C1 [Luke, Robert H.; Cumo, Mark A.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Luke, RH (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83571V DI 10.1117/12.918328 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400060 ER PT S AU Pinkham, DW Bonick, JR Woodka, MD AF Pinkham, Daniel W. Bonick, James R. Woodka, Marc D. BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Feature optimization in chemometric algorithms for explosives detection SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Feature selection; support vector machines; genetic algorithms; LIBS; Raman spectroscopy; explosive detection; optimization ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; CLASSIFICATION; UV AB This paper details the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) as a method to preselect spectral feature variables for chemometric algorithms, using spectroscopic data gathered on explosive threat targets. The GA was applied to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy (UVRS) data, in which the spectra consisted of approximately 10000 and 1000 distinct spectral values, respectively. The GA-selected variables were examined using two chemometric techniques: multi-class linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machines (SVM), and the performance from LDA and SVM was fed back to the GA through a fitness function evaluation. In each case, an optimal selection of features was achieved within 20 generations of the GA, with few improvements thereafter. The GA selected chemically significant signatures, such as oxygen and hydron peaks from LIB S spectra and characteristic Raman shifts for AN, TNT, and PETN. Successes documented herein suggest that this GA approach could be useful in analyzing spectroscopic data in complex environments, where the discriminating features of desired targets are not yet fully understood. C1 [Pinkham, Daniel W.; Bonick, James R.; Woodka, Marc D.] USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Pinkham, DW (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83571K DI 10.1117/12.923387 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400049 ER PT S AU Schnee, VP Woodka, MD Pinkham, D AF Schnee, Vincent P. Woodka, Marc D. Pinkham, Daniel BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Quantum Dot Material for the Detection of Explosive Related Chemicals SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Nanocrystals; Explosives; Stern-Volmer ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE; SENSORS; WATER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FLUOROPHORES; CHEMOSENSORS; SENSITIVITY AB Changes in the fluorescence of semiconductor nanocrystals were explored as a potential sensing mechanism for the detection of chemicals associated with landmines, IEDs and HME materials. A series of quantum dots (QDs) with fluorescence emissions spanning the visible spectrum was investigated using the Stern-Volmer relationship, specifically measuring the effect of quencher concentration on QD fluorescence intensity and photo-excited lifetime. The series of QDs was investigated with respect to their ability to donate excited-state electrons to an electron-withdrawing explosive related compound (ERC). Electron transfer was monitored by observing the steady-state fluorescence signal and the excited-state lifetimes of the QDs in the presence of ERC1. Increased sensitivities of QDs towards ERC1 were observed as the size and emission wavelength of the QDs decreased. As the QDs size decreased, the Stern-Volmer quenching constants increased. The larger QD exhibited the lowest K-sv and is thought to be quenched by a purely static quenching mechanism. As QD size decreased, an additional collisional quenching mechanism was introduced, denoted by a non-linearity in the quenching-vs-concentration Stern-Volmer plot. Increases in quenching efficiency were due to increased excited-state lifetimes, and the introduction of a collisional quenching mechanism The quenching constant for the smallest QD was approximately an order of magnitude higher than those of similarly evaluated commercially available fluorescent polymers, suggesting that QDs could be exploited to develop sensitive detectors for electron-withdrawing compounds such as nitroaromatics. C1 [Schnee, Vincent P.; Woodka, Marc D.; Pinkham, Daniel] USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Schnee, VP (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83571J DI 10.1117/12.921403 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400048 ER PT S AU Woodka, MD Shpil, JC Schnee, VP Polcha, JMP AF Woodka, Marc D. Shpil, J. Corey Schnee, Vincent P. Polcha, J. Michael P. BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Sensor array and preconcentrator for the detection of explosives in water SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Fluorescent Polymers; Sensor Array; Preconcentration; Tenax; Underwater Sensing; Explosives Detection; Artificial Olfaction ID POLYMER-FILMS; SORPTION; MICROCANTILEVERS; VAPORS; FIELD AB A sensor system has been constructed that is capable of detecting and discriminating between various explosives presented in ocean water with detection limits at the 10-100 parts per trillion level. The sensor discriminates between different compounds using a biologically-inspired fluorescent polymer sensor array, which responds with a unique fluorescence quenching pattern during exposure to different analytes. The sensor array was made from commercially available fluorescent polymers coated onto glass beads, and was demonstrated to discriminate between different electron-withdrawing analytes delivered in salt water solutions, including the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and tetryl, the explosive hydrolysis products 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, as well as other explosive-related compounds and explosive simulants. Sensitivities of 10-100 parts per trillion were achieved by employing a preconcentrator (PC) upstream of the sensor inlet. The PC consists of the porous polymer Tenax, which captures explosives from contaminated water as it passes through the PC. As the concentration of explosives in water decreased, longer loading times were required to concentrate a detectable amount of explosives within the PC. Explosives accumulated within the PC were released to the sensor array by heating the PC to 190 C. This approach yielded preconcentration factors of up to 100-1000x, however this increased sensitivity towards lower concentrations of explosives was achieved at the expense of proportionally longer sampling times. Strategies for decreasing this sampling time are discussed. C1 [Woodka, Marc D.; Shpil, J. Corey; Schnee, Vincent P.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Woodka, MD (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83571T DI 10.1117/12.923000 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400058 ER PT S AU Bowman, EK AF Bowman, Elizabeth K. BE Pham, T TI Persistent ISR: The Social Network Analysis Connection SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE social networks; social media; sentiment analysis AB Persistent surveillance provides decision makers with unprecedented access to multisource data collected from humans and sensor assets around the globe(1), yet these data exist in the physical world and provide few overt clues to meaning behind actions. In this paper we explore the recent growth in online social networking and ask the questions: 1) can these sites provide value-added information to compliment physical sensing and 2) what are the mechanisms by which these data could inform situational awareness and decision making? In seeking these answers we consider the range of options provided by Social Network Analysis (SNA), and focus especially on the dynamic nature of these networks. In our discussion we focus on the wave of reform experienced by the North African nations in early 2011 known as the Arab Spring. Demonstrators made widespread use of social networking applications to coordinate, document, and publish material to aid their cause(2). Unlike members of covert social networks who hide their activity and associations(4), these demonstrators openly posted multimedia information to coordinate activity and stimulate global support. In this paper we provide a review of SNA approaches and consider how one might track network adaptations by capturing temporal and conceptual trends. We identify opportunities and challenges for merging SNA with physical sensor output, and conclude by addressing future challenges in the persistent ISR domain with respect to SNA. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bowman, EK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 83891F DI 10.1117/12.923021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100037 ER PT S AU Kovach, JB AF Kovach, Jesse B. BE Pham, T TI Terra Harvest Mission Programming Approach SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Terra Harvest; unattended ground sensors; mission programming; JavaScript AB Terra Harvest is a DIA sponsored program that is developing a next generation architecture for Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) interoperability. One key element of this program is a mission programming methodology that allows standardization of the work flow required to program an UGS system. This technology is a key enabler needed to standardize the user experience. This paper describes the requirements for the Terra Harvest mission system and summarizes the different approaches that were considered for the mission system. This paper also describes the implementation of the JavaScript-based approach for mission programming that was selected for use in the Terra Harvest system. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kovach, JB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jesse.kovach@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 83890N DI 10.1117/12.922928 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100014 ER PT S AU Marcus, K Cook, T Scott, L Toth, A AF Marcus, Kelvin Cook, Trevor Scott, Lisa Toth, Andrew BE Pham, T TI Network Application and Framework for Quality of Information Processing SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quality of Information; Tactical Networks; autonomic and context-aware computing AB To improve the effectiveness of network-centric decision making, we present a distributed network application and framework that provides users with actionable intelligence reports to support counter insurgency operations. ARL's Quality of Information (QoI) Intelligence Report Application uses QoI metrics like timeliness, accuracy, and precision combined with associated network performance data, such as throughput and latency, and mission-specific information requirements to deliver high quality data to users; that is data delivered in a manner which best supports the ability to make more informed decisions as it relates to the current mission. This application serves as a testing platform for integrated experimentation and validation of QoI processing techniques and methodologies. In this paper, we present the software-system framework and architecture, and show an example scenario that highlights how the framework aids in network integration and enables better data-to-decision. C1 [Marcus, Kelvin; Cook, Trevor; Scott, Lisa; Toth, Andrew] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marcus, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 838907 DI 10.1117/12.921038 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100004 ER PT S AU Reiff, C Scanlon, M AF Reiff, Christian Scanlon, Michael BE Pham, T TI Acoustic Data Analysis and Scenario Over Watch from an Aerostat at the NATO SET-153 Field Experiment SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Aerostat; SET-153; over watch; video; acoustic array; localization; urban AB The purpose of the NATO SET-153 field experiment was to provide an opportunity to demonstrate multiple sensor technologies in an urban environment and determine integration capabilities for future development. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) experimental aerostat was used primarily as a persistent over watch capability as a substitute for a UAV. Continuous video was recorded on the aerostat and segments of video were captured of the scenarios on the ground that the camera was following manually. Some of the segments showing scenario activities will be presented. The captured pictures and video frames have telemetry in the headers that provides the UTM time and the Inertial Navigation System (INS) GPS location and the inertial roll, pitch, and yaw as well as the camera gimbal pan and tilt angles. The timing is useful to synchronize the images with the scenario events providing activity ground truth. The INS, GPS, and camera gimbal angle values can be used with the acoustic solution for the location of a sound source to determine the relative accuracy of the solution if the camera is pointed at the sound source. This method will be confirmed by the use of a propane cannon whose GPS location is logged. During the field experiment, other interesting acoustic events such as vehicle convoys, platoon level firefights with vehicles using blanks, and a UAV helicopter were recorded and will be presented in a quick analysis. C1 [Reiff, Christian; Scanlon, Michael] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Reiff, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 838914 DI 10.1117/12.919741 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100028 ER PT S AU Toth, S Hughes, W Ladas, A AF Toth, Susan Hughes, William Ladas, Andrew BE Pham, T TI Wide-area littoral discreet observation: success at the tactical edge SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE C1 [Toth, Susan; Ladas, Andrew] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Toth, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 838916 DI 10.1117/12.923680 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100030 ER PT S AU Whipps, GT Ertin, E Moses, RL AF Whipps, Gene T. Ertin, Emre Moses, Randolph L. BE Pham, T TI Threshold Considerations in Distributed Detection in a Network of Sensors SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB We consider the problem of distributed sensing and detection using a network of sensor nodes, and the challenges that arise in fusing disparate data. Multiple sensors make local inferences on the state of nature (e.g., the presence of a signal), and those observations are then transmitted to a regional fusion center. The fusion center is tasked to make improved decisions. We develop methods to optimize those decisions. Interoperability between disparate sensor nodes can be addressed by combining similar types of parameters (e.g., direction of arrival and location estimates to better infer location), albeit with varying qualities. As an initial problem, we consider the case where each sensor makes a binary decision on the presence of a signal source and the fusion node combines these to make a more accurate decision. We consider a lossy medium in which signals undergo a range-dependent propagation loss. We determine local thresholds that optimize a performance metric, including both constrained global detection performance and asymptotic error performance. We study the effect sensor node density on detection performance under a network load constraint. The asymptotic performance metrics provide indicators of the amount of value that each sensor contributes to the fusion task. C1 [Whipps, Gene T.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Whipps, Gene T.; Ertin, Emre; Moses, Randolph L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Whipps, GT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Ertin, Emre/G-4937-2012 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; ARO [W911NF-11-1-0391] FX The research reported here was partially supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and by a grant from ARO, W911NF-11-1-0391. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 83891B DI 10.1117/12.921361 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100035 ER PT S AU Rosario, D AF Rosario, Dalton BE Drummond, OE Teichgraeber, RD TI VNIR Data Processing of Small (Human) Targets SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Small targets; hyperspectral; human skin detection ID FACE RECOGNITION; IMAGES AB We demonstrate that human skin biometrics in the visible to near infrared (VNIR) regime can be used as reliable features in a multistage human target tracking algorithm suite. We collected outdoor VNIR hyperspectral data of human skin, consisting of two human subjects of different skin types in the Fitzpatrick Scale (Type I [Very Fair] and Type III [White to Olive]), standing side by side at seven ranges (50 ft to 370 ft) in a suburban background. At some of these ranges, the subjects fall under the small target category. We propose a three-step approach: Step 1, reflectance retrieval; Step 2, exploitation of absorption wavelength line at 577 nanometers, due to oxygenated hemoglobin in blood near the surface of skin; and Step 3, matched filtering on candidate patches in the input imagery that successfully passed Step 2, using as input all of the available bands in a spectral average representation of human skin. Step-3 functionality is only applied to patches in the imagery showing evidence of human skin (Step 2 output). Regardless of the targets' kinematic states, the approach produced some excellent results locating the presence of human skin in the example dataset, yielding zero false alarms from potential confusers in the scene. The approach is expected to function as the focus of attention stage of a multistage algorithm suite for human target tracking. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rosario, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9071-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8393 AR 839306 DI 10.1117/12.918357 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAZ40 UT WOS:000306173900004 ER PT S AU Chan, AL Schnelle, SR AF Chan, Alex Lipchen Schnelle, Stephen R. BE Kadar, I TI Target Tracking Using Concurrent Visible and Infrared Imageries SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XXI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Image fusion; infrared imagery; target detection; target tracking ID FUSION AB Visible and infrared video cameras are the most common imaging sensors used for video surveillance systems. Fusing concurrent visible and infrared imageries may further improve the overall detection and tracking performance of a video surveillance system. We performed image fusion using 13 pixel-based image fusion algorithms and examined their effects on the detection and tracking performance of a given target tracker. We identified five pyramid-based methods that produced significantly better performance, three of which also managed to achieve that with a relatively high efficiency. C1 [Chan, Alex Lipchen] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chan, AL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM Alex.L.Chan.Civ@mail.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9070-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8392 AR 83920P DI 10.1117/12.918373 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAZ38 UT WOS:000306170500021 ER PT J AU Moretti, JD Sabatini, JJ Chen, G AF Moretti, Jared D. Sabatini, Jesse J. Chen, Gary TI Periodate Salts as Pyrotechnic Oxidizers: Development of Barium- and Perchlorate-Free Incendiary Formulations SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE energetic materials; environmental chemistry; green chemistry; periodate; pyrotechnics ID HELD SIGNAL FORMULATIONS C1 [Moretti, Jared D.; Sabatini, Jesse J.; Chen, Gary] USA, Pyrotech Technol & Prototyping Div, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Moretti, JD (reprint author), USA, Pyrotech Technol & Prototyping Div, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM jared.d.moretti@us.army.mil; jesse.sabatini@us.army.mil FU Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP); US Army (Picatinny Arsenal, NJ) FX The authors thank the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) and the US Army (Picatinny Arsenal, NJ) for funding of this work. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 28 BP 6981 EP 6983 DI 10.1002/anie.201202589 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 968NY UT WOS:000305990800033 PM 22639415 ER PT S AU Bonick, JR AF Bonick, James R. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI Hybrid methodology for the detection, tracking, and classification of humans in difficult infrared video SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) XXII CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE infrared video; human detection; automatic target recognition; optical flow; oriented Haar transform AB The detection, tracking, and classification of humans in video imagery is of obvious military and civilian importance. The problem is difficult under the best of circumstances. In infrared (IR) imagery, or any grayscale imagery, the problem is compounded by the lack of color cues. Sometimes, human detection in IR imagery can take advantage of the thermal difference between humans and background-but this difference is not robust. Varying environmental conditions regularly degrade the thermal contrast between humans and background. In difficult data, humans can be effectively camouflaged by their environment and standard feature detectors are unreliable. The research described here uses a hybrid approach toward human detection, tracking, and classification. The first is a feature-based correlated body parts detector. The second is a pseudo-Hough transform applied to the edge images of the video sequence. The third relies on an optical flow-based vector field transformation of the video sequence. This vector field permits a multidimensional application of the feature detectors initiated in the previous two methods. Then a multi-dimensional oriented Haar transform is applied to the vector field to further characterize potential detections. This transform also shows potential for distinguishing human behavior. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bonick, JR (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9069-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8391 AR 839102 DI 10.1117/12.915512 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW86 UT WOS:000305839300002 ER PT S AU Hester, CF Risko, KKD AF Hester, Charles F. Risko, Kelly K. D. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI Defining ATR solutions using Affine Transformations on a Union of Subpaces Model SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) XXII CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ATR; informative representations; descriptive solution AB The ability to recognize a target in an image is an important problem for machine vision, surveillance systems, and military weapons. There are many "solutions" to an automatic target recognition (ATR) problem proposed by practitioners. Often the definition of the problem leads to multiple solutions due to the incompleteness of the definition. Solutions are also made approximate due to resource limitations. Issues concerning "best" solution and solution performance are very open issues, since problem definitions and solutions are ill-defined. Indeed from information based physical measurement theory such as found in the Minimum Description Length (MDL) the exact solution is intractable 1. Generating some clarity in defining problems on restricted sets seems an appropriate approach for improving this vagueness in ATR definitions and solutions. Given that a one to one relationship between a physical system and the MDL exists, then this uniqueness allows that a solution can be defined by its description and a norm assigned to that description. Moreover, the solution can be characterized by a set of metrics that are based on the algorithmic information of the physical measurements. The MDL, however, is not a constructive theory, but solutions can be defined by concise problem descriptions. This limits the scope of the problem and we will take this approach here. The paper will start with a definition of an ATR problem followed by our proposal of a descriptive solution using a union of subspaces model of images as described below based on Lu and Do(2). This solution uses the concept of informative representations 3 implicitly which we review briefly. Then we will present some metrics to be used to characterize the solution(s) which we will demonstrate by a simple example. In the discussions following the example we will suggest how this fits in the context of present and future work. C1 [Hester, Charles F.; Risko, Kelly K. D.] USA, Weap Dev & Integrat Directorate, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command,RDMR WDG S, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Hester, CF (reprint author), USA, Weap Dev & Integrat Directorate, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res Dev & Engn Command,RDMR WDG S, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9069-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8391 AR 83910H DI 10.1117/12.921297 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW86 UT WOS:000305839300015 ER PT J AU He, YP Brown, C He, YZ Fan, JG Lundgren, CA Zhao, YP AF He, Yuping Brown, Cameron He, Yizhuo Fan, Jianguo Lundgren, Cynthia A. Zhao, Yiping TI Porous three-dimensional nanorod arrays through selective chemical etching of nanocomposites SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES AB Three-dimensional Cu-Si and Cu-SiO2 nanorod arrays containing similar to 68 at% Cu have been fabricated by a glancing angle co-deposition technique. By selectively etching Cu in 0.05 M KCN methanol solution, porous nanorods with different shapes form, which are promising for applications in sensors, catalysts, and as medical capsules that are able to be loaded with functional materials. C1 [He, Yuping; Brown, Cameron; He, Yizhuo; Fan, Jianguo; Zhao, Yiping] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [He, Yuping; Brown, Cameron; He, Yizhuo; Fan, Jianguo; Zhao, Yiping] Univ Georgia, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fan, Jianguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fan, Jianguo] Univ Georgia, Ctr Adv Ultrastruct Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lundgren, Cynthia A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP He, YP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yphe@physast.uga.edu RI He, Yuping/F-2831-2011; He, Yizhuo/P-7803-2016; Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008; Brown, Cameron/H-9563-2014 OI He, Yizhuo/0000-0002-1160-8746; Brown, Cameron/0000-0002-9616-2084 FU US Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-10-2-0107] FX This work is supported by US Army Research Laboratory with the contract number of W911NF-10-2-0107. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 62 BP 7741 EP 7743 DI 10.1039/c2cc33389a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 971BH UT WOS:000306176300025 PM 22777132 ER PT J AU Jones, A Ingram, MV Ben-Porath, YS AF Jones, Alvin Ingram, M. Victoria Ben-Porath, Yossef S. TI Scores on the MMPI-2-RF Scales as a Function of Increasing Levels of Failure on Cognitive Symptom Validity Tests in a Military Sample SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form; MMPI-2-RF; Symptom validity tests; Military sample ID PERSONAL-INJURY LITIGANTS; RESTRUCTURED CLINICAL RC; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; REPEATABLE BATTERY; EVALUATION CONTEXT; FORENSIC SETTINGS; EFFORT INDEX; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; DISABILITY AB This research examined associations between the full range of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) validity and substantive scales and increasing levels of cognitive symptom validity test (SVT) failure in a sample of 501 military members who completed a neuropsychological evaluation primarily for mild traumatic brain injury resulting from a closed head injury and blast exposure or heat injury. SVT failure was associated with significant linear increases in all of the over-reporting MMPI-2-RF validity scales and most of the substantive scales. For the validity scales, all over-reporting scales had large effect sizes (ESs) when comparing a group that failed no SVTs with a group that failed three SVTs. A comparison between these two groups for the substantive scales revealed the largest ESs for scales related to somatic/cognitive complaints and emotional dysfunction. RBS (Response Bias Scale) had the largest ES of all scales (d = 1.69), followed by FBS-r (Symptom Validity Scale; d = 1.34), AXY (Anxiety, d = 1.21), and COG (Cognitive Complaints, d = 1.19). The scales related to behavioral dysfunction had the smallest ESs of all of the substantive scales, and there were no significant associations between the vast majority of these scales and SVT failure. With respect to clinically significant elevations, those who did not fail SVTs had clinically significant elevations only on COG and NUC (Neurological Complaints), and MLS (Malaise) approached clinical significance. For those who failed SVTs, RBS was the only over-reporting scale that was elevated across all failure groups. Those who failed any SVT had clinically significant elevations on COG, MLS, NUC, and AXY. Those who failed three SVTs had additional elevations on scales related to emotional dysfunction. C1 [Jones, Alvin] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Neurol Serv, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. [Ingram, M. Victoria] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Hlth, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. [Ben-Porath, Yossef S.] Kent State Univ, Dept Psychol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Jones, A (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Neurol Serv, 2817 Riley Rd,Bldg 4-2817, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. EM alvin.jones@amedd.army.mil NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1385-4046 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 5 BP 790 EP 815 DI 10.1080/13854046.2012.693202 PG 26 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 970EU UT WOS:000306111700003 PM 22709365 ER PT S AU Kaur, B Nelson, JK Williams, T O'Kane, BL AF Kaur, Balvinder Nelson, Jill K. Williams, Timothy O'Kane, Barbara L. BE Szu, H Dai, L TI Adaptive Region of Interest (ROI) Detection and Tracking for Respiration Measurement in Thermal Video SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, COMPRESSIVE SAMPLING, WAVELETS, NEURAL NET, BIOSYSTEMS, AND NANOENGINEERING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Compressive Sampling, Wavelets, Neural Net, Biosystems, and Nanoengineering X CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Region of Interest (ROI); Detection; Tracking; Respiration AB Respiration rate is a key guide for evaluating the physiological state of an individual during triage. Recent work has shown that high resolution thermal cameras can passively and remotely obtain respiration signals under controlled environmental conditions. This paper introduces an automatic end-to-end respiration signal measurement (through signal detection) approach based on statistical computation of the image intensities around the human nostril area in a thermal video. A method is presented to detect and track the nostril area and to calculate statistical values of the pixel intensity around the nostril area and correlate the statistical values with respiration signals from a contact sensor such as transducer belt. Results are based upon data collected from 200 subjects across two different experiments. This work provides not only a new image processing tool for tracking facial ROIs in thermal imagery, but also enhances our capability to provide non-contact, remote, passive, and real-time methods for measuring respiration for security and medical applications. C1 [Kaur, Balvinder; Williams, Timothy; O'Kane, Barbara L.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Kaur, B (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9079-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8401 AR 840117 DI 10.1117/12.922926 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BAW95 UT WOS:000305893600034 ER PT S AU Szu, H Jung, TP Makeig, S AF Szu, Harold Jung, T. P. Makeig, Scott BE Szu, H Dai, L TI ENHANCED DECISION MAKING THROUGH NEUROSCIENCE SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, COMPRESSIVE SAMPLING, WAVELETS, NEURAL NET, BIOSYSTEMS, AND NANOENGINEERING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Compressive Sampling, Wavelets, Neural Net, Biosystems, and Nanoengineering X CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB We propose to enhance the decision making of pilot, co-pilot teams, over a range of vehicle platforms, with the aid of neuroscience. The goal is to optimize this collaborative decision making interplay in time-critical, stressful situations. We will research and measure human facial expressions, personality typing, and brainwave measurements to help answer questions related to optimum decision-making in group situations. Further, we propose to examine the nature of intuition in this decision making process. The brainwave measurements will be facilitated by a University of California, San Diego (UCSD) developed wireless Electroencephalography (EEG) sensing cap. We propose to measure brainwaves covering the whole head area with an electrode density of N=256, and yet keep within the limiting wireless bandwidth capability of m=32 readouts. This is possible because solving Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and finding the hidden brainwave sources allow us to concentrate selective measurements with an organized sparse source sensing matrix [Phi(s)], rather than the traditional purely random compressive sensing (CS) matrix[Phi]. C1 [Szu, Harold] USA, RDECOM NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Szu, H (reprint author), USA, RDECOM NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. OI Makeig, Scott/0000-0002-9048-8438 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9079-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8401 AR 840112 DI 10.1117/12.926424 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BAW95 UT WOS:000305893600029 ER PT S AU Won, S Young, SS AF Won, Stephen Young, S. Susan BE Szu, H Dai, L TI Assessing the accuracy of image tracking algorithms on visible and thermal imagery using a deep restricted Boltzmann machine SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, COMPRESSIVE SAMPLING, WAVELETS, NEURAL NET, BIOSYSTEMS, AND NANOENGINEERING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Compressive Sampling, Wavelets, Neural Net, Biosystems, and Nanoengineering X CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE deep learning; restricted Boltzmann machine; image registration; video surveillance and monitoring ID OPTICAL-FLOW; NETWORKS AB Image tracking algorithms are critical to many applications including image super-resolution and surveillance. However, there exists no method to independently verify the accuracy of the tracking algorithm without a supplied control or visual inspection. This paper proposes an image tracking framework that uses deep restricted Boltzmann machines trained without external databases to quantify the accuracy of image tracking algorithms without the use of ground truths. In this paper, the tracking algorithm is comprised of the combination of flux tensor segmentation with four image registration methods, including correlation, Horn-Schunck optical flow, Lucas-Kanade optical flow, and feature correspondence methods. The robustness of the deep restricted Boltzmann machine is assessed by comparing between results from training with trusted and not-trusted data. Evaluations show that the deep restricted Boltzmann machine is a valid mechanism to assess the accuracy of a tracking algorithm without the use of ground truths. C1 [Won, Stephen; Young, S. Susan] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Won, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9079-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8401 AR 840107 DI 10.1117/12.918342 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BAW95 UT WOS:000305893600007 ER PT J AU Ananthasayanam, B Joseph, PF Joshi, D Gaylord, S Petit, L Blouin, VY Richardson, KC Cler, DL Stairiker, M Tardiff, M AF Ananthasayanam, Balajee Joseph, Paul F. Joshi, Dhananjay Gaylord, Scott Petit, Laeticia Blouin, Vincent Y. Richardson, Kathleen C. Cler, Daniel L. Stairiker, Matthew Tardiff, Matthew TI FINAL SHAPE OF PRECISION MOLDED OPTICS: PART II-VALIDATION AND SENSITIVITY TO MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND PROCESS PARAMETERS SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article DE Aspherical glass lens; Coupled thermo-mechanical numerical simulation; Micron deviation; Structural relaxation; Temperature dependent material parameters; Viscoelasticity AB In Part I of this study a coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model for the simulation of the entire precision glass lens molding process was presented. That study addressed the material definitions for the molding glass, L-BAL35, computational convergence, and how the final deviation of the lens shape from the mold shape is achieved for both a bi-convex lens and a steep meniscus lens. In the current study, after validating the computational approach for both lens types, an extensive sensitivity analysis is performed to quantify the importance of several material and process parameters that affect deviation for both lens shapes. Such a computational mechanics approach has the potential to replace the current trial-and-error, iterative process of mold profile design to produce glass optics of required geometry, provided all the input parameters are known to sufficient accuracy. Some of the critical contributors to deviation include structural relaxation of the glass, thermal expansion of the molds, TRS and viscoelastic behavior of the glass and friction between glass and mold. The results indicate, for example, the degree of accuracy to which key material properties should be determined to support such modeling. In addition to providing extensive sensitivity results, this computational model also helps lens molders/machine designers to understand the evolution of lens profile deviation for different lens shapes during the course of the process. C1 [Ananthasayanam, Balajee; Joseph, Paul F.; Joshi, Dhananjay] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Gaylord, Scott; Petit, Laeticia; Blouin, Vincent Y.; Richardson, Kathleen C.] Clemson Univ, COMSET, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Cler, Daniel L.] Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY USA. [Cler, Daniel L.] USA, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. [Stairiker, Matthew; Tardiff, Matthew] Edmund Opt, Pennsburg, PA USA. RP Joseph, PF (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jpaul@clemson.edu RI Richardson, Kathleen/A-6012-2011; OI Joshi, Dhananjay/0000-0002-6450-8415; Petit, Laeticia/0000-0002-1673-8996 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U. S. Army Research Office [56858-MS-DPS]; DoD-ARO through Benet Labs and Edmund Optics FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office under contract/grant number ARO No. 56858-MS-DPS and by a DoD-ARO Cooperative Research Agreement, "Molding Science of IR Optics," through Benet Labs and Edmund Optics, with subcontract to Clemson University. The authors thank Dr. Ulrich Fotheringham of SCHOTT AG for his expert guidance concerning structural relaxation. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-5739 J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PY 2012 VL 35 IS 7 BP 614 EP 636 DI 10.1080/01495739.2012.674838 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 969UK UT WOS:000306084600003 ER PT S AU Schill, JF Ogilvy, AJW AF Schill, John F. Ogilvy, Andrew J. W. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Novel Silicon/Aluminum (Si/Al) Alloys for use as Cold Plate Materials in Cryogenically Cooled Solid-State Lasers SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VIII CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD AB The issue of heat transfer in high energy lasers has been a serious problem for years. One valid method of mitigating this problem is the use of low quantum defect solid-state materials operated at cryogenic temperatures(1). A significant problem exists due to mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and repeatedly cycling through a temperature range of similar to 200 K. Other groups, T.Y. Fan et al at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, have used ingenious crystal holders to overcome this problem. In this paper, we suggest the use of silicon/aluminum (Si/Al) alloys produced by Sandvik Osprey Ltd. that can have their CTE altered easily to match the CTE of whatever crystal material is chosen and still have a thermal transfer coefficient suitable for large heat transfer. We show the results of testing three different Si/Al alloys for CTE and thermal conductivity. We further test the material in a flow boil-off cryogenic cooling system that shows that the CE6 alloy material is capable of heat transfer of 21.5KW/m(2)K, with cold plate temperatures maintained below 110 K. The CE6 material has a CTE that almost exactly matches YAG from 90-300K. C1 [Schill, John F.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Schill, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9059-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8381 AR 83811P DI 10.1117/12.921085 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAX05 UT WOS:000305903700040 ER PT S AU Farrell, ME Singamaneni, S Pellegrino, PM AF Farrell, Mikella E. Singamaneni, Srikanth Pellegrino, Paul M. BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, G TI Targeting Biological Sensing with commercial SERS substrates SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical and Biological Sensing Technologies IX CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE SERS; sensor; chemical; biological; Raman; detection; peptide; biomimetic ID ENHANCED-RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SILVER ELECTRODE; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA; DESIGN; TAGS AB There is an increasing need and challenge for early rapid and accurate detection, identification, and quantification of chemical, biological, and energetic hazards in many fields of interest (e.g., medical, environmental, industrial, and defense applications). Increasingly to meet these challenges, researchers are turning interdisciplinary approaches combining spectroscopy with nanoscale platforms to create technologies that offer viable and novel solutions for today's sensing needs. One technology that has gained increasing popularity to meet these needs is surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS is particularly advantageous as it does not suffer from interferences from water, requires little to no sample preparation is robust and can be used in numerous environments, is relatively insensitive to the wavelength of excitation employed and produces a narrow-band spectral signature unique to the molecular vibrations of the analyte. SERS enhancements (chemical and electromagnetic) are typically observed on metalized nanoscale roughened surfaces. For ideal SERS sensing, commercially available uniform and reproducible nanoscale surface demonstrating high sensitivity are desirable. Additionally, if these surfaces can be modified for the selective sensing of hazard materials, an ideal sensor platform for dynamic in field measurements can be imagined. In this proceedings paper, preliminary efforts towards the characterization and application of commercially available next generation Klarite substrates will be demonstrated. Additionally, efforts toward chemical modification of these substrates, through peptide recognition elements can be used for the targeting sensing of hazardous materials will be explored. C1 [Farrell, Mikella E.; Pellegrino, Paul M.] USA, Res Labs, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Farrell, ME (reprint author), USA, Res Labs, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008; Hankus, Mikella/A-9005-2012 NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9044-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8366 AR 836602 DI 10.1117/12.917312 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Optics SC Chemistry; Optics GA BAW54 UT WOS:000305751000001 ER PT S AU Massaro, R Zinnert, J Anderson, J Edwards, J Crawford, E Young, D AF Massaro, Richard Zinnert, Julie Anderson, John Edwards, Jarrod Crawford, Edward Young, Donald BE Henry, DJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Young, DL Bernier, KL Guell, JJ Rajan, SD TI LIDAR Flecks: Modeling the influence of canopy type on tactical foliage penetration by airborne, active sensor platforms SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications IX CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE LIDAR; foliage penetration; empirical modeling; airborne sensor ID FOREST AB Our research focuses on the Army's need for improved detection and characterization of targets beneath the forest canopy. By investigating the integration of canopy characteristics with emerging remote data collection methods, foliage penetration-based target detection can be greatly improved. The objective of our research was to empirically model the effect of pulse return frequency (PRF) and flight heading/orientation on the success of foliage penetration (FOPEN) from LIDAR airborne sensors. By quantifying canopy structure and understory light we were able to improve our predictions of the best possible airborne observation parameters (required sensing modalities and geometries) for foliage penetration. Variations in canopy openness profoundly influenced light patterns at the forest floor. Sunfleck patterns (brief periods of direct light) are analogous to potential "LIDAR flecks" that reach the forest floor, creating a heterogeneous environment in the understory. This research expounds on knowledge of canopy-specific characteristics to influence flight geometries for prediction of the most efficient foliage penetrating orientation and heading of an airborne sensor. C1 [Massaro, Richard; Zinnert, Julie; Anderson, John; Edwards, Jarrod] USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Massaro, R (reprint author), USA, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA USA. EM Ricky.D.Massaro@usace.army.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9038-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8360 AR 836008 DI 10.1117/12.918519 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW77 UT WOS:000305812700008 ER PT J AU Stanzione, JF Sadler, JM La Scala, JJ Wool, RP AF Stanzione, Joseph F., III Sadler, Joshua M. La Scala, John J. Wool, Richard P. TI Lignin Model Compounds as Bio-Based Reactive Diluents for Liquid Molding Resins SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE lignin; renewable resources; resins; styrene; sustainable chemistry ID STYRENE REPLACEMENTS; KRAFT LIGNIN; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; THERMOSETTING POLYMERS; EUGENOL; MONOMERS; METHACRYLATE; DERIVATIVES; COMPOSITES; CHEMISTRY AB Lignin is a copious paper and pulping waste product that has the potential to yield valuable, low molecular weight, single aromatic chemicals when strategically depolymerized. The single aromatic lignin model compounds, vanillin, guaiacol, and eugenol, were methacrylated by esterification with methacrylic anhydride and a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Methacrylated guaiacol (MG) and methacrylated eugenol (ME) exhibited low viscosities at room temperature (MG: 17 cP and ME: 28 cP). When used as reactive diluents in vinyl ester resins, they produced resin viscosities higher than that of vinyl esterstyrene blends. The relative volatilities of MG (1.05 wt?% loss in 18 h) and ME (0.96 wt?% loss in 18 h) measured by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were considerably lower than that of styrene (93.7 wt?% loss in 3 h) indicating the potential of these chemicals to be environmentally friendly reactive diluents. Bulk polymerization of MG and ME generated homopolymers with glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of 92 and 103 degrees C, respectively. Blends of a standard vinyl ester resin with MG and ME (50 wt?% reactive diluent) produced thermosets with Tgs of 127 and 153 degrees C, respectively, which are comparable to vinyl esterstyrene resins, thus demonstrating the ability of MG and ME to completely replace styrene as reactive diluents in liquid molding resins without sacrificing cured-resin thermal performance. C1 [Stanzione, Joseph F., III; Wool, Richard P.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Stanzione, Joseph F., III; Wool, Richard P.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Sadler, Joshua M.; La Scala, John J.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Stanzione, JF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wool@udel.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [WP-1758, W911NF-06-2-001] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Army Research Laboratory for financial support under the Strategic Environmental Research Development Program (SERDP) WP-1758 and through the Cooperative Agreement W911NF-06-2-001. In addition, the authors would like to thank Dr. Michael Mackay of the Materials Science and Engineering Department at the University of Delaware for usage of his DSC and TGA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 71 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 EI 1864-564X J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PY 2012 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1291 EP 1297 DI 10.1002/cssc.201100687 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 967VF UT WOS:000305935200021 PM 22517580 ER PT J AU Hunter, DR Stewart, JE AF Hunter, David R. Stewart, John E. TI Safety Locus of Control and Accident Involvement Among Army Aviators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED SELF-EFFICACY; INTERNAL-EXTERNAL-CONTROL; CONTROL SCALE; INDICATORS; CONSTRUCT; PILOTS AB In this study we assessed the relationship between locus of control (LOC) and accident involvement among U. S. Army aviators. Two scales reflecting internality or externality were created based on a priori assignment of items. Items were also subjected to principal components analysis, and 6 empirical scales were identified from that analysis. Correlations were computed between the 2 a priori scales, the 6 empirical scales identified by the principal components analysis, involvement in hazardous events, and recent and total career accident involvement. Several of the LOC measures correlated significantly with recent accident involvement. However, only 1 measure was correlated with career accident involvement. Applications of the results in the development of safety training interventions and the evaluation of training programs are discussed. C1 [Hunter, David R.] Aviat Human Factors Associates, Peoria, AZ 85383 USA. [Stewart, John E.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Hunter, DR (reprint author), Aviat Human Factors Associates, 9759 W Bent Tree Dr, Peoria, AZ 85383 USA. EM david.hunter@avhf.com NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 2 BP 144 EP 163 DI 10.1080/10508414.2012.663244 PG 20 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 970GP UT WOS:000306116400003 ER PT J AU Webb, CM Estrada, A Kelley, AM AF Webb, Catherine M. Estrada, Arthur, III Kelley, Amanda M. TI The Effects of Spatial Disorientation on Cognitive Processing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PERFORMANCE; IMPAIRMENT; DISPLAY; TASKS AB Previous research exploring the relationship between spatial orientation and cognition shows that if balance and orientation are unstable, there is a natural tendency to direct all mental resources to regaining orientation. To expand this line of research, this study examined how disorientation affects aviators' cognition while actively piloting a flight simulator. Thirty-six UH-60 aviators participated in the study, and were asked to perform cognitive tests (presented aurally) as they flew oriented and disoriented flight profiles. Test accuracy was significantly worse for the disoriented condition than the two oriented conditions for both cognitive tests. C1 [Webb, Catherine M.; Estrada, Arthur, III; Kelley, Amanda M.] USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Webb, CM (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. EM catherine.webb@us.army.mil NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 3 BP 224 EP 241 DI 10.1080/10508414.2012.689211 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 970GS UT WOS:000306116800002 ER PT J AU Gogineni, S Gao, XL David, NV Zheng, JQ AF Gogineni, S. Gao, X. -L. David, N. V. Zheng, J. Q. TI Ballistic Impact of Twaron CT709 (R) Plain Weave Fabrics SO MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE ballistic impact; plain weave fabric; viscoelastic; inter-yarn friction; energy absorption; residual velocity ID PENETRATION MECHANICS; ARMOR; PROJECTILES; PERFORATION; COMPOSITES; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; GEOMETRY; TARGETS; MODEL AB The ballistic impact of Twaron CT709 (R) plain weave fabrics is studied using a three-dimensional fabric model. The model is developed by treating each individual yarn as a continuum, and the time-dependent yarn behavior is phenomenologically described using a three-dimensional linear viscoelastic constitutive relation. A user subroutine VUMAT for ABAQUS/Explicit is compiled to incorporate the constitutive behavior. By using the newly developed model, a parametric study is carried out to analyze the effects of various parameters on the impact behavior of the fabrics, which include impact velocity, inter-yarn friction, and the number of fabric layers. The simulation results obtained include bullet residual velocity, fabric deformation and damage pattern, kinetic energy of the system, fabric strain energy, and frictional dissipation energy. The residual velocities predicted by the current model correlate well with existing experimental data, and the parametric study leads to the determination of the optimal number of fabric layers and the optimized level of inter-yarn friction that are needed to achieve the maximum energy absorption in the fabrics at specified impact velocities. C1 [Gao, X. -L.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Gogineni, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [David, N. V.] Univ Teknol MARA, Fac Mech Engn, Selangor, Malaysia. [Zheng, J. Q.] USA, Program Execut Off SOLDIER, Haymarket, VA USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM Xin-Lin.Gao@utdallas.edu RI N.V., David/B-1987-2010 OI N.V., David/0000-0003-4128-5850 FU U.S. Army-Soldier Equipment Program FX The work reported here is partially funded by the U.S. Army-Soldier Equipment Program. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank one anonymous reviewer for his/her helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6494 EI 1537-6532 J9 MECH ADV MATER STRUC JI Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 6 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.1080/15376494.2011.575532 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 968CA UT WOS:000305953400004 ER PT S AU Miziolek, AW AF Miziolek, Andrzej W. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Progress in fieldable laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies V CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); forensics; remote detection; chemometric analysis; stand-off detection ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; DISCRIMINATION; MINERALS; EXAMPLE; SENSOR AB In recent years there has been great progress in the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology field. Significant advances have been made both in fundamental and applied research as well as in data processing/chemometrics. Improvements in components, most notably lasers/optics and spectrometers are enabling the development of new devices that are suitable for field use. These new commercial devices recently released to the marketplace, as well as ones currently under development, are bringing the potential of LIBS for CBRNE threat analysis into real-world applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Miziolek, AW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM andrzej.w.miziolek.civ@mail.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9052-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8374 AR 837402 DI 10.1117/12.919492 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW56 UT WOS:000305752100002 ER PT B AU Barnes, CS AF Barnes, Colonel Scott BA Buratto, L Slade, S Hauranieh, ND BF Buratto, L Slade, S Hauranieh, ND TI Our Implantable Collamer Lens Experience SO PHAKIC IOLS: STATE OF THE ART LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Barnes, CS (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE ROAD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086-9447 USA BN 978-1-61711-061-0 PY 2012 BP 135 EP 139 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BAK12 UT WOS:000304381400026 ER PT J AU Hosur, M Barua, R Zainuddin, S Kumar, A Trovillion, J Jeelani, S AF Hosur, Mahesh Barua, Rajib Zainuddin, Shaik Kumar, Ashok Trovillion, Jonathan Jeelani, Shaik TI Rheology, Flexure and Thermomechanical Characterization of Epoxy/CNF Nanocomposites: Effect of Dispersion Techniques SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanofibres; Flexural analysis; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Rheology; Morphology ID NANOTUBE-REINFORCED EPOXY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPO SITES; FABRICATION; MATRIX; THERMOSETS; NANOFIBERS; BEHAVIOR AB The aim of this study is to investigate the optimum technique to disperse vapour grown carbon nanofibres (VGCNFs) in SC-1 epoxy uniformly and to evaluate their effect on the performance of SC-1 epoxy. In this study, ultrasonication and Thinky mixing methods were used either in isolation or in combination with 3-roll shear mixing. To achieve better dispersion, VGCNF was tested either by mixing with SC-1 resin directly or premixed with a solvent and then mixed with SC-1 resin after evaporating the solvent. Flexural tests were performed to evaluate mechanical performances, and the results exhibited 25.60% and 8.88% improvement of flexural strength and modulus, respectively over neat epoxy with only 0.2 wt.% loading. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated improvement in storage modulus, T-g, inflection temperature and residue content respectively over neat SC-1 epoxy. The high viscosity found by rheological analysis prevents their ubiquitous use in fibre reinforced composites. Thermal and mechanical properties at higher loading conditions were seen either to reduce or not significantly improve. These results indicate that the methods used for dispersion are suitable for low weight percent loading only. C1 [Hosur, Mahesh; Zainuddin, Shaik; Jeelani, Shaik] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Barua, Rajib] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Kumar, Ashok; Trovillion, Jonathan] USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Hosur, M (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM hosur@mytu.tuskegee.edu FU U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory [W9132-09-C-0010]; National Science Foundation EPSCoR Grant [0814013] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support received by U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory through contract #W9132-09-C-0010 and National Science Foundation EPSCoR Grant#0814013. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ISMITHERS PI SHROPSHIRE PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY, SHROPSHIRE, SY4 4NR, ENGLAND SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2012 VL 20 IS 6 BP 517 EP 530 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 967AC UT WOS:000305877500002 ER PT S AU Mackie, DM AF Mackie, David M. BE Kolk, AHJ Southern, SO Montgomery, KN Taylor, CW Kumar, BVKV Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Biometrics via IR Spectroscopy of the Epidermis: Potential and Difficulties SO SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLOBAL HEALTH, MILITARY MEDICINE, DISASTER RESPONSE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING II: AND BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing Technologies for Global Health, Military Medicine, Disaster Response and Environmental Monitoring II - and Biometric Technology for Human Identification IX CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE biometrics; IR; infrared; spectroscopy; epidermis; skin; FTIR AB We discuss the potential and difficulties of using infrared (IR) spectroscopy of the human epidermis as a biometric. We present preliminary data on the fingerpads of 9 individuals demonstrating the potential for uniqueness and stability. We also present data on the challenges presented by complications such as sebum changes, intra-individual location variability, and skin care products. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mackie, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM david.m.mackie.civ@mail.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9049-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8371 AR 83711T DI 10.1117/12.919902 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW71 UT WOS:000305799000035 ER PT S AU Metcalfe, GD Wraback, M Strikwerda, A Fan, KB Zhang, X Averitt, R AF Metcalfe, Grace D. Wraback, Michael Strikwerda, Andrew Fan, Kebin Zhang, Xin Averitt, Richard BE Anwar, AFM Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Terahertz Polarimetry Based on Metamaterial Devices SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS VI: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices and Systems VI - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Terahertz; metamaterials; polarimetry; spectroscopy AB Polarimetry is a well-developed technique in radar based applications and stand-off spectroscopic analysis at optical frequencies. Extension to terahertz (THz) frequencies could provide a breakthrough in spectroscopic methods since the THz portion of the electromagnetic spectrum provides unique spectral signatures of chemicals and biological molecules, useful for filling gaps in detection and identification. Distinct advantages to a THz polarimeter include enhanced imagecontrast based on differences in scattering of horizontally and vertically polarized radiation, and measurements of the dielectric response, and thereby absorption, of materials in reflection in real-time without the need of a reference measurement. To implement a prototype THz polarimeter, we have developed low profile, high efficiency metamaterialbased polarization control components at THz frequencies. Static metamaterial-based half-and quarter-wave plates operating at 0.35 THz frequencies were modeled and fabricated, and characterized using a MHz resolution, continuouswave spectrometer operating in the 0.09 to 1.2 THz range to verify the design parameters such as operational frequency and bandwidth, insertion loss, and phase shift. The operation frequency was chosen to be in an atmospheric window (between water absorption lines) but can be designed to function at any frequency. Additional advantages of metamaterial devices include their compact size, flexibility, and fabrication ease over large areas using standard microfabrication processing. Wave plates in both the transmission and reflection mode were modeled, tested, and compared. Data analysis using Jones matrix theory showed good agreement between experimental data and simulation. C1 [Metcalfe, Grace D.; Wraback, Michael] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Metcalfe, GD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM grace.metcalfe@us.army.mil OI Strikwerda, Andrew/0000-0001-8212-5891 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9041-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8363 AR 83630O DI 10.1117/12.918654 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW69 UT WOS:000305795500016 ER PT S AU Bennett, K Robertson, J AF Bennett, Kelly Robertson, James BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI The US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Multimodal Signature Database (MMSDB) Advanced Data Storage Solutions and Security of Data over the Web SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Data encryption; Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5); large datasets; secure data; portability; interoperability; dissemination of sensitive data AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) archives vast amounts of data requiring a secure, portable file format, along with a versatile software library for storing and accessing its data. Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) is a popular, general-purpose library and open-source file format designed for archiving data, and providing extreme interoperability and data encryption for secure accessibility. This paper will provide an overview of the current state of effectively integrating encryption algorithms into HDF5 datasets, along with possible applications, expectations, and limitations, including a discussion on creating a framework for dissemination of sensitive data over the Web. C1 [Bennett, Kelly] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bennett, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 838203 DI 10.1117/12.919736 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600002 ER PT S AU Byrd, KA Kaur, B Hodgkin, VA AF Byrd, Kenneth A. Kaur, Balvinder Hodgkin, Van A. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI The Use of Spectral Skin Reflectivity and Laser Doppler Vibrometry Data to Determine the Optimal Site and Wavelength to Collect Human Vital Sign Signatures SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV); Spectral Skin Reflectivity; Remote Vital Signs; Physiological Monitoring AB The carotid artery has been used extensively by researchers to demonstrate that Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) is capable of exploiting vital sign signatures from cooperative human subjects at standoff. Research indicates that, the carotid, although good for cooperative and non-traumatic scenarios, is one of the first vital signs to become absent or irregular when a casualty is hemorrhaging and in progress to circulatory (hypovolemic) shock. In an effort to determine the optimal site and wavelength to measure vital signs off human skin, a human subject data collection was executed whereby 14 subjects had their spectral skin reflectivity and vital signs measured at five collection sites (carotid artery, chest, back, right wrist and left wrist). In this paper, we present our findings on using LDV and reflectivity data to determine the optimal collection site and wavelength that should be used to sense pulse signals from quiet and relatively motionless human subjects at standoff. In particular, we correlate maximum levels of reflectivity across the ensemble of 14 subjects with vital sign measurements made with an LDV at two ranges, for two scenarios. C1 [Byrd, Kenneth A.; Kaur, Balvinder; Hodgkin, Van A.] USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Washington, DC USA. RP Byrd, KA (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC, NVESD, Washington, DC USA. EM info@nvl.army.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 83820F DI 10.1117/12.922904 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600012 ER PT S AU Goldman, GH Wolfe, O AF Goldman, Geoffrey H. Wolfe, Owen BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Acoustic change detection algorithm using an FM radio SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE acoustic; change detection; symbiotic; active; radio; anomaly AB The U.S. Army is interested in developing low-cost, low-power, non-line-of-sight sensors for monitoring human activity. One modality that is often overlooked is active acoustics using sources of opportunity such as speech or music. Active acoustics can be used to detect human activity by generating acoustic images of an area at different times, then testing for changes among the imagery. A change detection algorithm was developed to detect physical changes in a building, such as a door changing positions or a large box being moved using acoustics sources of opportunity. The algorithm is based on cross correlating the acoustic signal measured from two microphones. The performance of the algorithm was shown using data generated with a hand-held FM radio as a sound source and two microphones. The algorithm could detect a door being opened in a hallway. C1 [Goldman, Geoffrey H.; Wolfe, Owen] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldman, GH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM geoffrey.h.goldman.civ@mail.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 83820P DI 10.1117/12.918299 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600018 ER PT S AU Hull, D Adelman, R AF Hull, David Adelman, Ross BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI An interactive 2-D power-line modeling and simulation tool SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE power line; electric field; magnetic field; 2-D model; simulation; GUI AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory's Power-Line unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Modeling and Simulation (ARL-PLUMS) is a tool for estimating and analyzing quasi-static electric and magnetic fields due to power lines. This tool consists of an interactive 2-D graphical user interface (GUI) and a compute engine that can be used to calculate and visualize the E-Field and H-Field due to as many as seven conductors (two 3-phase circuits and a ground wire). ARL-PLUMS allows the user to set the geometry of the lines and the load conditions on those lines, and then calculate E-y, E-z, H-y, or H-z along a linear path or cutting plane, or in the form of a movie. The path can be along the ground or in the air to simulate the fields that might be observed, for example, by a robotic vehicle or a UAV. ARL-PLUMS makes several simplifying assumptions in order to allow simulations to be completed on a laptop PC interactively. In most cases, the results are excellent, providing a "90% solution" in just a few minutes of total modeling and simulation time. This paper describes the physics used by ARL-PLUMS, including the simplifying assumptions and the 2-D Method of Moments solver. Examples of electric and magnetic fields for different wire configurations, including typical 3-phase distribution and transmissions lines, are provided. Comparisons to similar results using a full 3-D model are also shown, and a discussion of errors that may be expected from the 2-D simulations is provided. C1 [Hull, David; Adelman, Ross] USA, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL SES P, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hull, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN RDRL SES P, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM david.m.hull6.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 838204 DI 10.1117/12.920483 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600003 ER PT S AU Mehmood, A Damarla, T AF Mehmood, Asif Damarla, Thyagaraju BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Blind separation of human and horse footstep signatures using independent component analysis SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Personnel detection; Seismic sensor; Footstep detection; Source Separation; ICA; Non-Gaussianity; Kurtosis AB Seismic footstep detection based systems for homeland security applications are important to perimeter protection and other security systems. This paper reports seismic footstep signal separation for a walking horse and a walking human. The well-known Independent Component Analysis (ICA) approach is employed to accomplish this task. ICA techniques have become widely used in audio analysis and source separation. The concept of ICA may actually be seen as an extension of the principal component analysis (PCA), which can only impose independence up to the second order and, consequently, defines directions that are orthogonal. They can also be used in conjunction with a classification method to achieve a high percentage of correct classification and reduce false alarms. In this paper, an ICA based algorithm is developed and implemented on seismic data of human and horse footsteps. The performance of this method is very promising and is demonstrated by the experimental results. C1 [Mehmood, Asif; Damarla, Thyagaraju] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mehmood, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM asif.mehmood1.ctr@mail.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 83820L DI 10.1117/12.919577 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600015 ER PT S AU Vinci, S Zhu, J Hull, D AF Vinci, Stephen Zhu, Jack Hull, David BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Analysis of Electrostatic Charge on Small-Arms Projectiles SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE electric-field; projectile charge; bullet detection AB Triboelectric (frictional) and combustion processes impart electrostatic charge on projectiles as they are fired. Additional charging and discharging processes alter the magnitude of charge in-flight and are complex functions of a plethora of environmental conditions. There is an interest in using electric-field sensors to help detect and track projectiles in counter-sniper and projectile ranging systems. These applications require knowledge of the quantity of charge, as well as the sensitivity of electric-field sensors. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) took part in multiple experiments at Aberdeen Proving Grounds (APG) to simulate a battlefield-like environment. Sensors were placed in strategic locations along the bullets' paths and recorded the electric-field signatures of charged small-arms bullets. The focus of this effort was to analyze the electric-field signatures collected during the APG experiment in order to estimate electrostatic charge on the bullets. Algorithms were written to extract electric-field bullet signatures from raw data; these signatures were further processed to estimate the miss distance, velocity and charge. The estimates of range and velocity were compared to similar estimates from acoustic signatures for verification. Ground-truth Global Positioning System (GPS) data were used to independently calculate ranges, azimuths, and miss distances. Signatures were filtered to remove clutter signals from power lines and other unwanted field sources. Closed-form equations were then fitted to the collected signatures to retrieve estimates for the magnitude of charge on the bullets. Test data, collected with sensors placed on a wall, showed enhanced E-field intensity. A Method of Moments (MoM) model of the wall was created to improve signature simulation. Detectable charges on bullets were found to exist in the 1 pC to 1 nC (10(-12) - 10(-9) C) range. Relationships between estimated charge, gun type, bullet caliber, noise thresholds and number of shots in sequence are presented and statistically analyzed. C1 [Vinci, Stephen; Zhu, Jack; Hull, David] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vinci, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM stephen.j.vinci.civ@mail.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 83820M DI 10.1117/12.920572 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600016 ER PT S AU Klipp, C AF Klipp, Cheryl BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Near-surface Turbulent Temperature Variances and Anisotropy at Multiple Scales of Motion SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Turbulence; anisotropy; temperature variance; multiresolution spectra; length scales; outer scale AB Using multiresolution spectra data and a measure of anisotropy based on the eigen values of the Reynolds stress tensor, the scale of maximum temperature variance is found to usually be greater than the scale at which the turbulence transitions from isotropy to anisotropy. The scale of the maximum temperature variance is just as likely to be equal to the scale of maximum turbulent kinetic energy as it is to be larger or smaller. The magnitude of the maximum temperature variance is not correlated with the scale of maximum variance, but is roughly correlated with the total heat flux. Also, the magnitude of the maximum temperature variance at 5 m above the ground (agl) only roughly correlates with the magnitude at 50 m agl. The anisotropy of the turbulence at the scale of maximum temperature variance tends to be more pancake-like than cigar-like in the variances especially at 5 m agl. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Klipp, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM cheryl.l.klipp.civ@mail.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 83800G DI 10.1117/12.918689 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300015 ER PT S AU Litz, MS Fan, ZY Carroll, JJ Bayne, S AF Litz, Marc S. Fan, Zhaoyang Carroll, James J. Bayne, Stephen BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, A TI Alpha Schottky Junction Energy Source SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications III CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Alpha emitter; Isotope power source ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL DIAMOND; DETECTORS; UV AB Isotope batteries offer solutions for long-lived low-power sensor requirements. Alpha emitting isotopes have energy per decay 103 times that of beta emitters. Alpha particles are absorbed within 20 mu m of most materials reducing shielding mitigation. However, damage to materials from the alphas limits their practical use. A Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) geometry is considered with an alpha emitting contact-layer on a diamond-like crystal semiconductor region. The radiation tolerance of diamond, the safety of alpha particles, combined with the internal field of the SBD is expected to generate current useful for low-power electronic devices over decades. Device design parameters and calculations of the expected current are described. C1 [Litz, Marc S.; Carroll, James J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Litz, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM marc.litz@us.army.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9055-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8377 AR 83770R DI 10.1117/12.918588 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAU70 UT WOS:000305554300018 ER PT S AU Maddux, JR Taylor, PJ AF Maddux, Jay R. Taylor, Patrick J. BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, A TI Novel methodology to determine thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials and comparison with device performance SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications III CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Thermoelectric measurements; Seebeck coefficient; Peltier effect; thermal conductivity; isothermal AB Accuracy of thermal conductivity measurements is an ongoing area of controversy in thermoelectric materials development. In this work, we demonstrate a novel steady-state method for characterizing thermal conductivity of bulk materials and devices under isothermal and near-isothermal conditions. The isothermal condition is achieved by exactly balancing Peltier heat flow against an externally imposed heat flow in the material. Under steady-state, isothermal conditions, heat flow in the material can be determined with high accuracy because external parasitic heat flows become negligible. We compare our results with conventional measurement techniques and also with measured thermoelectric device performance. Agreement between predicted and measured thermoelectric cooler performance is within 2%. Results for thermoelectric power generators will also be discussed. C1 [Maddux, Jay R.; Taylor, Patrick J.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Attn RDRL SEE I, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Maddux, JR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Attn RDRL SEE I, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM patrick.j.taylor36.civ@mail.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9055-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8377 AR 83770I DI 10.1117/12.921346 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAU70 UT WOS:000305554300012 ER PT S AU Proctor, TJ Finch, AS AF Proctor, Thomas J. Finch, Amethist S. BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, A TI DNA: Multiple Architectures for use in Electronics Applications SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications III CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE DNA; Directed Assembly; Nanoarchitectures; AFM; CD; Circular Dichroism ID NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOSTRUCTURES; COMPLEX AB A methodology that allows for the coupling of biology and electronic materials is presented, where double stranded DNA will ultimately serve as a template for electronic material growth. Self-assembled DNA structures allow for a variety of patterns to be achieved on the nanometer size scale that is difficult to achieve using conventional patterning techniques. DNA self assembly under non-aqueous conditions has yet to be presented in literature, and is necessary if unwanted oxidation of certain electronic substrates is to be avoided. Solubilization of the DNA in non-aqueous solvents is achieved by replacing charge stabilizing salts with the surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC). Herein, the procedures for the creation of self-assembled DNA nanostructures in aqueous and non-aqueous media are described, and these structures are subsequently deposited (drop cast, spin cast, and physically adsorbed) onto freshly cleaved mica or silicon wafers. The DNA architectures are characterized either in solution (circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD)) or on the surface (AFM). These studies illustrate the retention of DNA hierarchical structure under both conditions and this data will be presented by observing the structures using AFM imaging and CD spectroscopic studies C1 [Proctor, Thomas J.; Finch, Amethist S.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Proctor, TJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Finch, Amethist/H-9510-2013 OI Finch, Amethist/0000-0002-4650-6301 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9055-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8377 AR 83770U DI 10.1117/12.919667 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAU70 UT WOS:000305554300020 ER PT S AU Shaffer, EC Wood, MC AF Shaffer, Edward C. Wood, Mark C. BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, A TI Power and energy research at the Army Research Laboratory SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications III CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE operational energy; micropower; power generation; energy storage; power distribution; power components; energy conversion; wide band gap materials; fuel cell; fuel reformation ID EFFICIENCY; GAN AB The requirement for power and energy in a modernized, highly digital and network-centric Army is growing exponentially. In addition to the ongoing demand for improved soldier portable power sources, the need for more electric capabilities for combat and unmanned platforms and the requirements of emerging Operational Energy doctrine are driving development of high density, energy efficient power technologies. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is addressing these needs through developing a number of underpinning power and energy component technologies at the fundamental research level. ARL is leveraging core expertise in microelectronics and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), energy conversion, energy storage, and wideband gap materials and devices to advance selected niche areas that address military demands beyond commercial needs in partnership with the Army Research, Development and Engineering centers (RDECs), other services, other agencies, industry, and academia. The technologies under development can be broadly characterized under power generation and energy conversion, energy storage, power distribution, and thermal management. This discussion outlines progress, approach and the way ahead for ARL efforts. C1 [Shaffer, Edward C.; Wood, Mark C.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shaffer, EC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM edward.c.shaffer.civ@mail.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9055-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8377 AR 837702 DI 10.1117/12.925206 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAU70 UT WOS:000305554300001 ER PT S AU Snyder, JF Gienger, E Wetzel, ED Xu, K AF Snyder, J. F. Gienger, E. Wetzel, E. D. Xu, K. BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, A TI Energy density and rate limitations in structural composite supercapacitors SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications III CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE multifunctional; structural; composite; supercapacitor; battery; electrochemical; carbon; fiber; energy ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTES; ELECTRODES; STORAGE; DESIGN AB The weight and volume of conventional energy storage technologies greatly limits their performance in mobile platforms. Traditional research efforts target improvements in energy density to reduce device size and mass. Enabling a device to perform additional functions, such as bearing mechanical load, is an alternative approach as long as the total mass efficiency exceeds that of the individual materials it replaces. Our research focuses on structural composites that function as batteries and supercapacitors. These multifunctional devices could be used to replace conventional structural components, such as vehicle frame elements, to provide significant system-level weight reductions and extend mission times. Our approach is to design structural properties directly into the electrolyte and electrode materials. Solid polymer electrolyte materials bind the system and transfer load to the fibers while conducting ions between the electrodes. Carbon fiber electrodes provide a route towards optimizing both energy storage and load-bearing capabilities, and may also obviate the need for a separate current collector. The components are being integrated using scalable, cost-effective composite processing techniques that are amenable to complex part shapes. Practical considerations of energy density and rate behavior are described here as they relate to materials used. Our results highlight the viability as well as the challenges of this multifunctional approach towards energy storage. C1 [Snyder, J. F.; Gienger, E.; Wetzel, E. D.] USA, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Snyder, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9055-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8377 AR 837709 DI 10.1117/12.923030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAU70 UT WOS:000305554300005 ER PT S AU Sumner, JJ Ganguli, R Chmelka, B AF Sumner, James J. Ganguli, Rahul Chmelka, Brad BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, A TI Development of biologically modified anodes for energy harvesting using microbial fuel cells SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications III CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE microbial fuel cell; biofilm; alginate; biological catalysts; waste to energy ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SURFACES; BACTERIAL; PROTEINS; ADHESION; GOLD AB Biological fuel cells hold promise as an alternative energy source to batteries for unattended ground sensor applications due to the fact that they can be extremely long lived. This lifetime can be extended over batteries by scavenging fuel from the deployed environment. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are one class of such sources that produce usable energy from small organic compounds (i.e. sugars, alcohols, organic acids, and biopolymers) which can be easily containerized or scavenged from the environment. The use of microorganisms as the anodic catalysts is what makes these systems unique from other biofuel cell designs. One of the main drawbacks of engineering a sensor system powered by an MFC is that power densities and current flux are extremely low in currently reported systems. The power density is limited by the mass transfer of the fuel source to the catalyst, the metabolism of the microbial catalysts and the electron transfer from the organism to the anode. This presentation will focus on the development of a new style of microbially-modified anodes which will increase power density to a level where a practical power source can be engineered. This is being achieved by developing a three dimensional matrix as an artificial, conductive biofilm. These artificial biofilms will allow the capture of a consortium of microbes designed for efficient metabolism of the available fuel source. Also it will keep the microbes close to the electrode allowing ready access by fuel and providing a low resistance passage of the liberated electrons from fuel oxidation. C1 [Sumner, James J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sumner, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM james.sumner1@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9055-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8377 AR 83770A DI 10.1117/12.918290 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAU70 UT WOS:000305554300006 ER PT S AU Hays, AD Nettleton, J Barr, N Hough, N Goldberg, L AF Hays, A. D. Nettleton, John Barr, Nick Hough, Nathaniel Goldberg, Lew BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Improvements in Monoblock Performance using External Reflector SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIV CY JAN 22-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Parametric Oscillator; Mono Block; Eye-Safe; Solid-State ID LASER AB During the past few years the Monoblock laser has become the laser-of-choice for Army laser range-finders. It is eye-safe with emission at 1570 nm, high pulse energy, simple construction, and high efficiency when pumped by a laser-diode stack, providing advantages that are not available with other laser types. Although the divergence of the Monoblock output beam is relatively large, it can be reduced to <1 mR using a telescope with a large magnification. This solution, however, is not acceptable for applications where the laser and telescope size must be kept to a minimum. In this paper we present a simple and compact technique for achieving significant reduction in the Monoblock beam divergence using a partial reflector that is placed a short distance from the optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Using an ultra-compact 38 mm Monoblock with a 10 mm long KTP OPO, we achieved a beam divergence of <4 mR, corresponding to a >2.5 X reduction from the unmodified laser. Performance using this technique with various feedback and etalon spacings will be presented. Laser diode array and VCSEL pumping were both investigated with similar results. C1 [Hays, A. D.; Nettleton, John; Barr, Nick; Hough, Nathaniel; Goldberg, Lew] USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hays, AD (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8879-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8236 AR 823613 DI 10.1117/12.906378 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAW39 UT WOS:000305732400025 ER PT S AU Alexander, J Prieto, V Rowlett, C Golding, W Lee, P AF Alexander, Jason Prieto, Violeta Rowlett, Christopher Golding, William Lee, Patricia BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Manipulations of Cold Atoms on a Chip: Double Well Potential and 1-D Bose Gas SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE atom chip; double well; Tonks-Girardeau; interferometry; coherence; quantum information ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS AB We report on progress for a couple of experiments on manipulating cold atoms on a chip for quantum sensing. The first experiments are directed towards developing a compact atom interferometer on an atom chip using a double-well potential. The interferometer uses Rb-87 atoms magnetically confined in an atomic waveguide produced by wires on the surface of a lithographically patterned chip. Finite element modeling of combinations of different current configurations with various external bias fields indicated a means of coherently splitting the atomic cloud through dynamically adjusting the currents and bias fields. In these experiments we investigate real-time transformations between different double-well configurations adiabatically and non-adiabatically, and study their effects on the initially trapped atoms. Coherence properties of the two atomic wavepackets are examined. In another set of experiments we investigate the properties of bosons confined to (quasi) one dimension in our magnetic waveguide. When the atom-atom repulsive interaction becomes much larger than the kinetic energy, bosons confined in one dimension can enter a new state of matter, the Tonks-Girardeau gas, in which they behave like non-interacting fermions. However, the bosons can still occupy the same momentum state and therefore the gas cannot be fully described by either Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac statistics. This transition has been observed in optical lattices but not in magnetic atom chip waveguides. We discuss the conditions for obtaining a Tonks-Girardeau gas with Rb-87 atoms in our atom chip waveguide as well as a novel signature for observing the transition in our system. C1 [Alexander, Jason; Prieto, Violeta; Rowlett, Christopher; Golding, William; Lee, Patricia] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Alexander, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD USA. RI Lee, Patricia/B-6146-2012 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 840004 DI 10.1117/12.919546 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400002 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, Howard E. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Finsler Metrics in Quantum Circuit Optimization SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB A brief review is given of possible Finsler metrics defined on the SU (2(n)) group tangent bundle which may be suitable for quantum circuit optimization. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM howard.e.brandt.civ@mail.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 84000I DI 10.1117/12.918323 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400009 ER PT S AU Lee, PJ AF Lee, Patricia J. BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Phonons in a Double-Well: Transverse Vibrations in a Pair of Trapped Ions SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Trapped ion; double well; phonons; quantum information AB Double-well potentials have extensive applications in many branches of physics and have resulted in devices that are useful for precision sensing as well as quantum information processing. Here, we present a theoretical analysis of the transverse phonon coupling between a pair of trapped ions as described by a double-well system. Typically the phonons in trapped ions are used as an intermediary in quantum information processing, but here we focus on the dynamics of the phonons themselves. The double-well system is a special case of the more generalized Bose-Hubbard Model, with exactly two sites available to store particles. We draw an analogy to another double-well system in solid state physics: a Josephson junction containing a thin insulating barrier between two superconductors. Applications of the Josephson junction include superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which have emerged as sensitive magnetometers and also as qubits for quantum computation. Another analogy is the recent demonstrations of matter-wave interference with Bose-Einstein condensates in double-well traps, which have also shown great promise for applications in precise inertial and gravitational field sensing. We will also discuss experimental techniques that can be applied to control and manipulate this double-well system. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lee, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Lee, Patricia/B-6146-2012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 840007 DI 10.1117/12.918940 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400005 ER PT S AU Quraishi, Q Malinovsky, VS Alexander, J Prieto, V Rowlett, C Lee, P AF Quraishi, Qudsia Malinovsky, Vladimir S. Alexander, Jason Prieto, Violeta Rowlett, Christopher Lee, Patricia BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Optical frequency combs for atomic quantum control on atom-chips SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE coherent control; cold atom interferometry; atomchips; optical frequency combs ID INTERFEROMETRY; GAS AB A technique to drive stimulated Raman transition between spin and/or momentum states of ultracold Rb-87 atoms confined on an atomchip trap is discussed. We present our experimental and theoretical approach to an all-optical manipulation of the atoms using an optical frequency comb emitted by a modelocked ultrafast pulsed laser. C1 [Quraishi, Qudsia; Malinovsky, Vladimir S.; Alexander, Jason; Prieto, Violeta; Rowlett, Christopher; Lee, Patricia] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Quraishi, Q (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM qudsia.quraishi@gmail.com RI Lee, Patricia/B-6146-2012 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 840005 DI 10.1117/12.918944 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400003 ER PT S AU Servinsky, MD Allen, PC Tsao, CY Byrd, CM Sund, CJ Bentley, WE AF Servinsky, Matthew D. Allen, Patrick C. Tsao, Chen-Yu Byrd, Christopher M. Sund, Christian J. Bentley, William E. BE Kim, MS Tu, SI Chao, K TI Construction of a Cell Based Sensor for the Detection of Autoinducer-2 SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety IV CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE microbiologically induced corrosion; quorum sensing; Autoinducer-2 (AI-2); sensor cell; biofilm ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; BIOFILM FORMATION; VIBRIO-HARVEYI; QUORUM; AL-2; LUMINESCENCE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; REPORTER; BACTERIA AB Microbially Induced Corrosion (MIC) occurs at metal surfaces and is associated with microorganisms and their metabolic activities. These microbes can coexist as biofilms, growing as synergistic communities (consortia) that are able to affect electrochemical processes, both cathodic and anodic, often through co-operative metabolism. Recent research has revealed the role of "quorum sensing" molecules in control of microbial activities such as biofilm formation. In this paper, we propose the detection of quorum sensing molecules as a means of detecting bacterial contamination prior to the onset on biofilm formation. Further we outline the development of an E. coli cell based sensor for detection of the quorum sensing molecule Autoinducer-2 (AI-2). C1 [Servinsky, Matthew D.; Allen, Patrick C.; Tsao, Chen-Yu; Sund, Christian J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Servinsky, MD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI sund, christian/G-3424-2013 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9047-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8369 AR 83690V DI 10.1117/12.920590 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Optics SC Food Science & Technology; Optics GA BAW45 UT WOS:000305740600024 ER PT S AU Das, NC AF Das, Naresh C. BE Buford, JA Murrer, RL Ballard, GH TI Performance of bottom emitting isolated LWIR LED devices for IR scene projection SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVII CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Infrared LED; substrate thinning; LED efficiency; quantum cascade device AB We report a significant increase in electroluminescence from GaSb based Long-wave infrared (LWIR) inter band cascade (IC) LED device by substrate thinning and isolating pixel from each other. We use bottom emitting LWIR LED array for isolating each pixel by chemical etching. We observed 300% increase in light emission power of etched device. We fabricated an IC LED device with thirty cascade active/injection layers with InAs/Ga1-xInxSb/InAs quantum well (QW) active region. C1 USA, Micro Photon Branch, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Micro Photon Branch, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9034-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8356 AR 835605 DI 10.1117/12.922916 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW46 UT WOS:000305744300004 ER PT S AU Kim, H Billings, R Mohlere, RD Moss, SG Naumann, CB AF Kim, Hajin Billings, Roger Mohlere, Richard D. Moss, Stephen G. Naumann, Charles B. BE Buford, JA Murrer, RL Ballard, GH TI Common Hardware-in-the-Loop Development SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVII CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hardware-in-the-loop; architecture; cost-reduction AB An approach to streamline the Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation and test process is under development. This technique will attempt to provide a more flexible, scalable system. The overall goal of the system will be to reduce cost by minimizing redundant development, operational labor and equipment expense. This paper will present historical progress and current test results. C1 [Kim, Hajin] USA, RDECOM Aviat & Missile RDEC, RDMR SSE H, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USA, RDECOM Aviat & Missile RDEC, RDMR SSE H, Bldg 5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM hajin.j.kim@us.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9034-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8356 AR 83560O DI 10.1117/12.923090 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW46 UT WOS:000305744300015 ER PT S AU Smith, DD Myneni, K Chang, H Toftul, A Schambeau, C Odutola, JA Diels, JC AF Smith, David D. Myneni, Krishna Chang, H. Toftul, A. Schambeau, C. Odutola, J. A. Diels, J. C. BE Shahriar, SM Narducci, FA TI Tuning the sensitivity of an optical cavity with slow and fast light SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light V CY JAN 22-24, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Resonators; Laser Gyroscopes; Coherent Optical Effects AB We have measured mode pushing by the dispersion of a rubidium vapor in a Fabry-Perot cavity and have shown that the scale factor and sensitivity of a passive cavity can be strongly enhanced by the presence of such an anomalous dispersion medium. The enhancement is the result of the atom-cavity coupling, which provides a positive feedback to the cavity response. The cavity sensitivity can also be controlled and tuned through a pole by a second, optical pumping, beam applied transverse to the cavity. Alternatively, the sensitivity can be controlled by the introduction of a second counter-propagating input beam that interferes with the first beam, coherently increasing the cavity absorptance. We show that the pole in the sensitivity occurs when the sum of the effective group index and an additional cavity delay factor that accounts for mode reshaping goes to zero, and is an example of an exceptional point, commonly associated with coupled non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems. Additionally we show that a normal dispersion feature can decrease the cavity scale factor and can be generated through velocity selective optical pumping. C1 [Smith, David D.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Syst Dept, ES31, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Myneni, Krishna] US Army RDECOM, AMSRD AMR WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Chang, H.] ERC Inc, Jacobs ESTS Grp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Toftul, A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Schambeau, C.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Odutola, J. A.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Chem & Math, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Diels, J. C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Smith, DD (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Syst Dept, ES31, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 FU NASA; MSFC FX This work was sponsored by ILIR at the AMRDEC. A. Toftul acknowledges funding by the Nebraska Space Grant and NASA MSFC Education Programs Office. J. A. Odutola was supported by the NASA Administrator Fellows Program. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8916-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8273 AR 82730T DI 10.1117/12.914724 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAR79 UT WOS:000305324800012 ER PT S AU Marston, D AF Marston, Daniel BE Roy, K TI THE WAR IN BURMA, 1942-1945: THE 7/10TH BALUCH EXPERIENCE SO INDIAN ARMY IN THE TWO WORLD WARS SE History of Warfare LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Marston, Daniel] US Army Command, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. [Marston, Daniel] Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. [Marston, Daniel] Australian Natl Univ, Strateg & Def Studies Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Marston, D (reprint author), US Army Command, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-7827 BN 978-90-04-21145-2 J9 HIST WARFARE PY 2012 VL 70 BP 255 EP 283 PG 29 WC History SC History GA BYZ48 UT WOS:000300794200010 ER PT J AU Soller, BR Sliwa, J Yang, Y Zou, FM Ryan, KL Rickards, CA Convertino, VA AF Soller, Babs R. Sliwa, Jan Yang, Ye Zou, Fengmei Ryan, Kathy L. Rickards, Caroline A. Convertino, Victor A. TI Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of forearm muscle pH and oxygen saturation during simulated haemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near infrared spectroscopy; tissue oxygen saturation; SO2; pH; blood; trauma; muscle; haemorrhage ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE HISTIDYL RESIDUES; NORMAL ADULT HEMOGLOBIN; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; TISSUE PH; IN-VIVO; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT; END-POINTS; BLOOD AB Muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) is a very early indicator of internal bleeding, but reaches a low and constant value when organ oxygen utilisation is at a maximum. With haemorrhage, muscle pH (pH(m)) continues to decline indicating the severity of injury. During resuscitation, it is important to continue treatment until acidosis is reversed, even after normal levels of tissue oxygen are restored. SmO2 and pH(m) can be determined continuously and non-invasively using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Simultaneous determination of SmO2 and pH(m) from the same spectra are required for continuous monitoring of trauma patients. Acidosis enhances the release of oxygen from haemoglobin when there is insufficient oxygen available to the tissue (Bohr effect). An NIR spectroscopic-based patient monitor, however, must be capable of detecting independent variations in both pH(m) and SmO2. The results from an in vitro study of whole blood demonstrate spectral changes at the isosbestic point (800 nm) which were a strong function of pH, but independent of blood SO2 and scattering (cell size), suggesting that hydrogen ions directly affect the NIR spectrum in the region between 700 nm and 900 nm. Using a dual source, fibre optic-based system, NIR spectra (725-880 nm) were also collected from 40 human subjects undergoing lower body negative pressure as an experimental model of haemorrhage. SmO2 and pH(m) were calculated from the spectra collected from the forearm of each subject. Every muscle absorbance spectrum was fitted to a Taylor expansion attenuation model based upon Beer's law modified for a scattering component to calculate SmO2. The same spectra were corrected for subject variability using previously determined coefficients for principal component analysis loading correction. The corrected spectra were then used in a partial least-squares regression model previously developed from exercising subjects. pH(m) and SmO2 determined from the same spectra followed different time courses during simulated haemorrhage on human subjects. Taken together, results from these in vitro and in vivo studies show that the NIR spectroscopic-based monitor simultaneously and independently assesses SmO2 and pH(m). C1 [Ryan, Kathy L.; Convertino, Victor A.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Rickards, Caroline A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Soller, Babs R.; Sliwa, Jan; Yang, Ye; Zou, Fengmei] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Worcester, MA USA. RP Soller, BR (reprint author), Reflectance Med Inc, 116 Flanders Rd,Suite 1000, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. EM babs.soller@reflectancemedical.com FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Combat Casualty Care Research Program; NASA [NCC 9-58] FX This work was funded by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Combat Casualty Care Research Program and NASA Cooperative Agreement NCC 9-58. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 15 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 SI SI BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1255/jnirs.968 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 955SK UT WOS:000305041000012 ER PT S AU Hedden, AS Dietlein, CR Wikner, DA AF Hedden, Abigail S. Dietlein, Charles R. Wikner, David A. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Millimeter-wave electronically scanned reflectarray optimization and analysis SO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XV CY APR 26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE millimeter wave technology; millimeter wave imaging; scanned radar architecture; scanned reflectarray; phased arrays AB The development of millimeter-wave scanning reflectarrays and phased arrays provides an important path to enabling electronic scanning capabilities at high frequencies. This technology could be used to eliminate the mechanical scanners that are currently used with radar imaging systems. In this work, we analyze properties of wafer-scale two-dimensional rectangular lattice arrays that can be used with a confocal imager for 220 GHz electronic scanning of meter-sized fields of regard at 50 m. Applications include covert imaging of hidden anomalies. We examine tradeoffs between overall system size and array complexity and analyze properties of reflectarrays compatible with a system design that was chosen based on these considerations. The effects of phase quantization are considered in detail for arrays with 1- and 2-bit phase shifters and the results are compared in terms of impacts to image quality. Beam pointing accuracy, main beam energy fraction, and the number and intensity of quantization lobes that appear over the scan ranges of interest are compared. Our results indicate that arrays with 1- and 2-bit phase quantization achieve similar main beam energy efficiencies over the desired scan range. Without restricting the scan range, 1- bit phase quantization is insufficient, resulting in maximum errors that are comparable to the required minimum scan angle. Two-bit phase quantization is preferable, resulting in pointing angle errors of at most 15 % of the diffraction-limited beam-size. Both 1- and 2-bit phase quantization cases result in lobes appearing above our threshold, indicating that spurious returns are a problem that will require further attention. C1 [Hedden, Abigail S.; Dietlein, Charles R.; Wikner, David A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hedden, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9040-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8362 AR 836203 DI 10.1117/12.918647 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW53 UT WOS:000305750500002 ER PT S AU Sampath, AV Enck, RW Gallinat, CS Shen, H Wraback, M Zhou, Q McIntosh, D Campbell, JC AF Sampath, A. V. Enck, R. W. Gallinat, C. S. Shen, H. Wraback, M. Zhou, Q. McIntosh, D. Campbell, J. C. BE Fan, X Xiao, H Wang, A TI III-Nitride/SiC Avalanche Photodetectors for enabling compact biological agent identification and detection SO PHOTONIC MICRODEVICES/MICROSTRUCTURES FOR SENSING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Microdevices/Microstructures for Sensing IV CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB The development of low cost and compact biological agent identification and detection systems, which can be employed in place-and-forget applications or on unmanned vehicles, is constrained by the photodetector currently available. The commonly used photomultiplier tube has significant disadvantages that include high cost, fragility, high voltage operation and poor quantum efficiency in the deep ultraviolet (240-260nm) necessary for methods such as fluorescence-free Raman spectroscopy. A III-Nitride/SiC separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiode (SAM-APD) offers a novel approach for fabricating high gain photodetectors with tunable absorption over a wide spectrum from the visible to deep ultraviolet. However, unlike conventional heterojunction SAM APDs, the performance of these devices are affected by the presence of defects and polarization induced charge at the heterointerface arising from the lattice mismatch and difference in spontaneous polarization between the GaN absorption and the SiC multiplication regions. In this paper we report on the role of defect density and interface charge on the performance of GaN/SiC SAM APDs through simulations of the electric field profile within this device structure and experimental results on fabricated APDs. These devices exhibit a low dark current below 0.1 nA before avalanche breakdown and high avalanche gain in excess of 1000 with active areas 25x larger than that of state of the art GaN APDs. A responsivity of 4 A/W was measured at 365 nm when biased near avalanche breakdown. C1 [Sampath, A. V.; Enck, R. W.; Gallinat, C. S.; Shen, H.; Wraback, M.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sampath, AV (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9054-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8376 AR 83760O DI 10.1117/12.918866 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAU72 UT WOS:000305556800016 ER PT J AU Chang, MH AF Chang, Mou-Hsiung TI Discrete Approximations of Controlled Stochastic Systems with Memory: A Survey SO STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Discrete approximations; Finite difference approximation; Markov chain approximation; Stochastic functional differential equations ID DELAYED OBSERVATIONS; MARKOV SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS AB This survey article considers discrete approximations of an optimal control problem in which the controlled state equation is described by a general class of stochastic functional differential equations with a bounded memory. Specifically, three different approximation methods, namely (i) semidiscretization scheme; (ii) Markov chain approximation; and (iii) finite difference approximation, are investigated. The convergence results as well as error estimates are established for each of the approximation methods. C1 [Chang, Mou-Hsiung] USA, Math Sci Div, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), USA, Math Sci Div, Res Off, POB 12211, Rtc, NC 27709 USA. EM mouhsiung.chang.civ@mail.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-2994 J9 STOCH ANAL APPL JI Stoch. Anal. Appl. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 675 EP 724 DI 10.1080/07362994.2012.684327 PG 50 WC Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 962BQ UT WOS:000305514600007 ER PT J AU Bell, HP Howard, IL Freeman, RB Brown, ER AF Bell, Haley P. Howard, Isaac L. Freeman, Reed B. Brown, E. Ray TI Evaluation of remaining fatigue life model for hot-mix asphalt airfield pavements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fatigue; asphalt; criteria; DoD; PSPA ID STIFFNESS; FAILURE AB Several design criteria exist for predicting the fatigue life of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. Researchers previously developed an Aged Asphalt fatigue criterion from laboratory testing of aged field HMA airfield pavements. This criterion is unique because the majority of the existing fatigue criteria were developed from laboratory-prepared specimens. In this paper, a comparison of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Asphalt Institute (AI) and the Aged Asphalt fatigue models was completed for the HMA surfaces. The analysis showed that the Aged Asphalt fatigue criterion was more conservative than the DoD and AI fatigue criteria at low strain levels and low pavement modulus values. Furthermore, the Aged Asphalt fatigue criterion revealed that fatigue life decreased with increasing strains but increased with increasing modulus values. After evaluating the potential causes of this unexpected trend in detail, it is reasonable to expect that stiffer in situ mixes will have a longer fatigue life than less stiff mixes. C1 [Bell, Haley P.; Brown, E. Ray] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Howard, Isaac L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Starkville, MS USA. [Freeman, Reed B.] Louis Berger Grp, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Bell, HP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM haley.p.bell@usace.army.mil; ilhoward@cee.msstate.edu; rfreeman@irp-af.com; Ray.Brown@usace.army.mil NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1029-8436 J9 INT J PAVEMENT ENG JI Int. J. Pavement Eng. PY 2012 VL 13 IS 4 BP 281 EP 296 DI 10.1080/10298436.2011.566925 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 959EM UT WOS:000305295700001 ER PT J AU Mitrano, DM Barber, A Bednar, A Westerhoff, P Higgins, CP Ranville, JF AF Mitrano, Denise M. Barber, Angela Bednar, Anthony Westerhoff, Paul Higgins, Christopher P. Ranville, James F. TI Silver nanoparticle characterization using single particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS) and asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation ICP-MS (AF4-ICP-MS) SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; COLLOID ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL COLLOIDS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE FILTRATION; NATURAL COLLOIDS; AQUATIC COLLOIDS; SIZE; SEPARATION AB Methods to detect, quantify, and characterize engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in environmental matrices are highlighted as one of the areas of highest priority research needs with respect to understanding the potential environmental risks associated with nanomaterials. More specifically, techniques are needed to determine the size and concentration of ENPs in a variety of complex matrices. Furthermore, data should be collected at environmentally and toxicologically relevant concentrations. Both single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) and asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) ICP-MS offer substantial advantages for detecting ENPs and assessing many of the above parameters in complex matrices over traditional characterization methods such as microscopy, light scattering, and filtration. In this study, we compared the ability of two emerging techniques to detect well characterized, monodisperse silver ENPs and examined their overall applicability to environmental studies specifically with respect to their: (A) size and concentration detection limits, (B) resolution and (C) multi-form elemental analysis. We find that in terms of concentration detection limit (both, on a mass basis and particle number basis) SP-ICP-MS was considerably more sensitive than AF4-ICP-MS (ng L-1 vs. mu g L-1, respectively), and offers the unique ability to differentiate dissolved and nanoparticulate fractions of total metal. With a variety of optimization parameters possible, AF4-ICP-MS can detect a much smaller NP size (2 nm vs. 20 nm for SP-ICP-MS), provides the possibility for greater size resolution. C1 [Mitrano, Denise M.; Barber, Angela; Ranville, James F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bednar, Anthony] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Westerhoff, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ USA. [Higgins, Christopher P.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mitrano, DM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jranville@mines.edu RI Higgins, Christopher/B-1836-2010; OI Higgins, Christopher/0000-0001-6220-8673; ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885 FU Army Corps of Engineers [W912HZ-09-P-0163]; National Institute of Health Sciences [DE-FG02-08ER64613] FX We would like to thank the funding sources, by which this research was made possible. Army Corps of Engineers, grant number W912HZ-09-P-0163 and the National Institute of Health Sciences, grant number DE-FG02-08ER64613. NR 52 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 9 U2 169 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1131 EP 1142 DI 10.1039/c2ja30021d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 958QX UT WOS:000305256600010 ER PT S AU Shiao, M Wu, YT Ghoshal, A Ayers, J Le, D AF Shiao, Michael Wu, Y-T. (Justin) Ghoshal, Anindya Ayers, James Le, Dy BE Gyekenyesi, AL Yu, TY Shull, PJ Diaz, AA Wu, HF TI Probabilistic structural risk assessment for fatigue management using structural health monitoring SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure and Homeland Security CY MAR 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn, NIST DE CBM; SHM; fatigue life management; damage tolerance; DT; probabilistic; risk; NDI; structural reliability; inspection dependence; correlation AB The primary goal of Army Prognostics & Diagnostics is to develop real-time state awareness technologies for primary structural components. In fatigue-critical structural maintenance, the probabilistic structural risk assessment (PSRA) methodology for fatigue life management using conventional nondestructive investigation (NDI) has been developed based on the assumption of independent inspection outcomes. When using the emerging structural health monitoring (SHM) systems with in situ sensors, however, the independent assumption no longer holds, and the existing PSRA methodology must be modified. The major issues currently under investigation are how to properly address the correlated inspection outcomes from the same sensors on the same components and how to quantify its effect in the SHM-based PSRA framework. This paper describes a new SHM-based PSRA framework with a proper modeling of correlations among multiple inspection outcomes of the same structural component. The framework and the associated probabilistic algorithms are based on the principles of fatigue damage progression, NDI reliability assessment and structural reliability methods. The core of this framework is an innovative, computationally efficient, probabilistic method RPI (Recursive Probability Integration) for damage tolerance and risk-based maintenance planning. RPI can incorporate a wide range of uncertainties including material properties, repair quality, crack growth related parameters, loads, and probability of detection. The RPI algorithm for SHM application is derived in detail. The effects of correlation strength and inspection frequency on the overall probability of missing all detections are also studied and discussed. C1 [Shiao, Michael; Ghoshal, Anindya; Ayers, James; Le, Dy] USA, Res Lab, RDRL VTM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Shiao, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL VTM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9004-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8347 AR 834724 DI 10.1117/12.915660 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAM74 UT WOS:000304770700053 ER PT B AU Lim, RB AF Lim, Robert B. BE Tichansky, DS Morton, J Jones, DB TI Complications of Bariatric Surgery SO SAGES MANNUAL OF QUALITY, OUTCOMES AND PATIENT SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEIGHT-LOSS SURGERY C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96734 USA. RP Lim, RB (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96734 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7900-1 PY 2012 BP 249 EP 271 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7901-8_28 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7901-8 PG 23 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA BAF37 UT WOS:000304017200029 ER PT S AU Tewari, P Kealey, C Sung, J Maccabi, A Bajwa, N Singh, R Culjat, M Stojadinovic, A Grundfest, W Taylor, ZD AF Tewari, Priyamvada Kealey, Colin Sung, Jun Maccabi, Ashkan Bajwa, Neha Singh, Rahul Culjat, Martin Stojadinovic, Alexander Grundfest, Warren Taylor, Zachary D. BE Sadwick, LP OSullivan, CM TI Advances in biomedical imaging using THz technology with applications to burn wound assessment SO TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Technology and Applications V CY JAN 25-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE THz medical imaging; THz; Burn; Hydration ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; EX-VIVO; IN-VIVO; DEPTH; WATER AB Terahertz (THz) hydration sensing and image has been a topic of increased interest recently due largely to improvements in source and detector technology and the identification of applications where current hydration sensing techniques are insufficient. THz medical imaging is an expanding field of research and tissue hydration plays a key role in the contrast observed in THz tissue reflectance and absorbance maps. This paper outlines the most recent results in burn and corneal imaging where hydration maps were used to assess tissue status. A 3 day study was carried out in rat models where a THz imaging system was used to assess the severity and extent of burn throughout the first day of injury and at the 24, 48, and 72 hour time points. Marked difference in tissue reflectance were observed between the partial and full thickness burns and image features were identified that may be used as diagnostic markers for burn severity. Companion histological analysis performed on tissue excised on Day 3 confirms hypothesized burn severity. The results of these preliminary animal trials suggest that THz imaging may be useful in burn wound assessment where current clinical modalities have resolution and/or sensitivity insufficient for accurate diagnostics. C1 [Tewari, Priyamvada; Maccabi, Ashkan; Bajwa, Neha; Singh, Rahul; Culjat, Martin; Grundfest, Warren; Taylor, Zachary D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kealey, Colin; Culjat, Martin; Grundfest, Warren] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sung, Jun; Grundfest, Warren] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Stojadinovic, Alexander] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Stojadinovic, Alexander] Combat Wound Initat Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Taylor, ZD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Bioengn, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM zdeis@seas.ucla.edu FU Henry M. Jackson Foundation [708961] FX This work was sponsored by the Combat Wound Initiative (Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Dr. Alexander Stojadinovic) Award# 708961 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8904-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8261 AR 82610T DI 10.1117/12.915987 PG 8 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BAP69 UT WOS:000305073700025 ER PT S AU Woolard, D Zhang, WD AF Woolard, Dwight Zhang, Weidong BE Sadwick, LP OSullivan, CM TI THz Lasing in InAs/GaSb Broken-Gap Heterostructure Devices & Quantum-Dot Pillar Arrays SO TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Technology and Applications V CY JAN 25-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE THz lasing; broken-gap heterostructure; interband tunneling; TE emission; microdisk whispering gallery ID MICRODISK LASERS; MICROCAVITY; MODES AB A novel approach for the generation of THz radiation that utilizes "interband" transitions and tunneling processes occurring simultaneously within double-barrier (DB) GaSb/InAs/GaSb broken-gap (BG) resonant-tunneling-diodes (RTDs) is discussed. This paper focuses on the architectural and cavity designs for realizing TE polarized emission from single DB-BG-RTD devices and quantum-dot pillar arrays. Design techniques useful for mitigating CB drive current (& the associated thermal heating) while at the same time optimizing output power and power efficiency are discussed. C1 [Woolard, Dwight] USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Woolard, D (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dwight.l.woolard.civ@mail.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8904-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8261 AR 82610B DI 10.1117/12.915985 PG 8 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BAP69 UT WOS:000305073700009 ER PT J AU Wegan, MT Curtis, PD Rainbolt, RE Gardner, B AF Wegan, Michael T. Curtis, Paul D. Rainbolt, Raymond E. Gardner, Beth TI Temporal sampling frame selection in DNA-based capture-mark-recapture investigations SO URSUS LA English DT Article DE American black bear; capture-mark-recapture; genetic sampling; hair; population estimation; temporal sampling frame; Ursus americanus ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; BEARS URSUS-AMERICANUS; GRIZZLY BEARS; BLACK BEARS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; HAIR; DENSITY; MODELS; MINNESOTA AB Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) population parameter estimation utilizing DNA analysis from remotely-collected hair samples to identify individuals and generate encounter histories has become the standard methodology for estimating abundance of American black (Ursus americanus) and grizzly bear (U arctos) populations. However, few published studies have examined the time frame for efficiently collecting high-quality hair samples. Our objectives were to examine several measures of hair trapping success and sample quality, such as DNA amplification rates and the mean number of black bear hair samples collected per trap visit, from hair-snare samples collected in 2 non-overlapping, multi-interval sampling frames conducted during 2005 and 2006 at Fort Drum Military Installation in northern New York. Through our data analyses and a review of 12 other bear CMR studies using remote hair sampling, we emphasize that temporal sampling frame is a crucial consideration in study design. To avoid biased population estimates and to use financial, personnel, and temporal resources effectively, hair sampling should be conducted during late spring and early summer. C1 [Wegan, Michael T.; Curtis, Paul D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rainbolt, Raymond E.] USA, Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. [Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Wegan, MT (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM weganm@michigan.gov FU Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Research and Outreach Cooperative; USGS New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank the Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Research and Outreach Cooperative for partially funding this project. The USGS New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit also supported this research. M. Gore and D. Etter provided comments on an earlier draft. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT-IBA PI KNOXVILLE PA UNIV, TENNESSEE, 274 ELLINGTON HALL, KNOXVILLE, TN 379996 USA SN 1537-6176 J9 URSUS JI Ursus PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 955WQ UT WOS:000305052000006 ER PT S AU Hall, AJ Riddick, JC AF Hall, Asha J. Riddick, Jaret C. BE Lakhtakia, A MartinPalma, RJ TI Micro-electro mechanical Flapping Wing Technology for Micro Air Vehicles SO BIOINSPIRATION, BIOMIMETICS, AND BIOREPLICATION 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioinspiration, Biomimetics and Bioreplication CY MAR 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn DE piezoelectric bimorph actuator; coupled bend twist; shear and bending profile ID ACTUATORS; INSECT; BEAMS AB Army combat operations have placed a high premium on reconnaissance missions for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) (less than 15 cm in dimension and less than 20 g in mass). One approach for accomplishing this mission is to develop a biologically inspired flapping wing insect that can maneuver into confined areas and possess hovering capabilities. Analysis of insect flight indicates that in addition to the bending excitation (flapping), simultaneous excitation of the twisting degree-of-freedom (pitching) is required to manipulate the control surface adequately. Traditionally, bimorph piezoelectric PZT (Pb(Zr0.55Ti0.45)O-3) actuators have been used in many applications to excite the bending degree-of-freedom. In laminated or layered structures, bend-twist coupling is governed by the existence of at least one anisotropic layer not aligned with the primary plate axes. By adding a layer of off-axis PZT segments to a PZT bimorph actuator, thereby producing a layered structure to be referred to as a functionally-modified bimorph, bend-twist coupling may be introduced to the flexural response of the layered PZT. Furthermore, by selectively charging off-axis layers in specific combinations with the bimorph, the response of the functionally-modified bimorph may be tailored yielding a biaxial actuator to actively control the flapping wing response. The present study presents an experimental investigation of both traditional bimorph and functionally-modified PZT bimorph designs intended for active bend-twist actuation of cm-scale flapping wing devices. C1 [Hall, Asha J.; Riddick, Jaret C.] USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hall, AJ (reprint author), USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8996-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8339 AR 83390L DI 10.1117/12.917645 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAM73 UT WOS:000304769300017 ER PT J AU Sellers, MCK Zussblatt, NP Marsh, CP AF Sellers, Meredith C. K. Zussblatt, Niels P. Marsh, Charles P. TI Potassium perruthenate-treated carbon nanotube sheets for flexible supercapacitors SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Supercapacitor; Carbon nanotube; Polymer; Hydrogel; Ruthenium oxide AB High-throughput production of flexible, all-solid-state supercapacitors can be accomplished by integrating redox-functionalized commercial carbon nanotube sheets with H2SO4/PVA/H2O polymer hydrogel electrolyte. The chemical composition, elemental oxidation states, and crystallinity of the pristine and 0.02 M potassium perruthenate-treated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) sheets are examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In assembled hydrogel-based supercapacitor cells, ruthenium oxide-decorated MWCNT sheet electrodes exhibit a specific capacitance of 96 F/g at 1.0 A/g and good cycle stability. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sellers, Meredith C. K.; Zussblatt, Niels P.; Marsh, Charles P.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. [Marsh, Charles P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sellers, MCK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. EM Meredith.C.Sellers@usace.army.mil FU US Army ERDC, Section 219 CDR; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; US DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471]; NSF FX This research was funded by the US Army ERDC, Section 219 CDR Program. Dr. Sellers is supported by an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education postdoctoral fellowship. Materials characterization was performed at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials at the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the US DOE (DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471) and the NSF. We are grateful for the technical contributions of Dr. Carl Feickert, Andrew Friedl, and Justin Hesterberg, as well as the assistance of Dr. Richard Haasch and Robert Weber. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 18 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.02.012 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 951UT UT WOS:000304746200016 ER PT J AU Mahoney, CR Brunye, TT Giles, GE Ditman, T Lieberman, HR Taylor, HA AF Mahoney, Caroline R. Brunye, Tad T. Giles, Grace E. Ditman, Tali Lieberman, Harris R. Taylor, Holly A. TI Caffeine increases false memory in nonhabitual consumers SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arousal; Caffeine; False memory; Veridical memory ID COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; DECLARATIVE MEMORY; STRESS; HIPPOCAMPAL; RECOGNITION; ADULTS; MOOD AB Insight into caffeine's equivocal effects on memory can be derived from work suggesting both emotional arousal and psychosocial stress increase false memory rates without increasing veridical memory. This study investigated how a range of caffeine doses affect veridical and false memory formation in nonhabitual consumers. A double-blind, repeated-measures design with caffeine (0 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg caffeine) was used to examine memory using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Results showed that caffeine modulated arousal levels, peaking at 200 mg and returning to near baseline levels at 400 mg. Main effects of caffeine demonstrated higher critical lure recall and recognition ratings (i.e., false memory) as a function of dose, again peaking at 200 mg. Those who showed the highest arousal increases as a function of caffeine also tended to produce the highest false recall and recognition rates. Veridical memory was not affected. Results demonstrate that consumption of as little as 100 mg of caffeine elicits reliable inverted-U shape changes in arousal and, in turn, false memories in individuals who do not habitually consume caffeine. C1 [Mahoney, Caroline R.; Brunye, Tad T.; Giles, Grace E.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Mahoney, Caroline R.; Brunye, Tad T.; Giles, Grace E.; Ditman, Tali; Taylor, Holly A.] Tufts Univ, Dept Psychol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Ditman, Tali] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. [Lieberman, Harris R.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Mahoney, CR (reprint author), USA, Soldier Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM caroline.mahoney@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 35 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 2044-5911 J9 J COGN PSYCHOL JI J. Cogn. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 420 EP 427 DI 10.1080/20445911.2011.647905 PG 8 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 955OM UT WOS:000305030100005 ER PT S AU Sood, AK Welser, RE Sood, AW Puri, YR Poxson, D Cho, J Schubert, EF Dhar, NK Soprano, MB Balcerak, RS AF Sood, Ashok K. Welser, Roger E. Sood, Adam W. Puri, Yash R. Poxson, David Cho, Jaehee Schubert, E. Fred Dhar, Nibir K. Soprano, Martin B. Balcerak, Raymond S. BE Jiang, S Digonnet, MJF Dries, JC TI Development of Nanostructure Based Antireflection Coatings for EO/IR Sensors SO OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Components and Materials IX CY JAN 25-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID TECHNOLOGY AB EO/IR Nanosensors are being developed for a variety of Defense and Commercial Systems Applications. These include UV, Visible, NIR, MWIR and LWIR Nanotechnology based Sensors. The conventional SWIR Sensors use InGaAs based IR Focal Plane Array (FPA) that operate in 1.0-1.8 micron region. Similarly, MWIR Sensors use InSb or HgCdTe based FPA that is sensitive in 3-5 micron region. More recently, there is effort underway to evaluate low cost SiGe visible and near infrared band that covers from 0.4 to 1.6 micron and beyond to 1.8 microns. One of the critical technologies that will enhance the EO/IR sensor performance is the development of high quality nanostructure based antireflection coating. In this paper, we will discuss our modeling approach and experimental results for using oblique angle nanowires growth technique for extending the application for UV, Visible and NIR sensors and their utility for longer wavelength application. The AR coating is designed by using a genetic algorithm and fabricated by using oblique angle deposition. The AR coating is designed for the wavelength range of 250 nm to 2500 nm and 0 degrees to 40 degrees angle of incidence. These nanostructure AR coatings have shown to enhance the optical transmission in the band of interest and minimize the reflection loss to less than 3 percent substantial improvement from the thin film AR coatings technology. C1 [Sood, Ashok K.; Welser, Roger E.; Sood, Adam W.; Puri, Yash R.] Magnolia Opt Technol Inc, 52-B Cummings Pk, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Poxson, David; Cho, Jaehee; Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept ECSE & Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Dhar, Nibir K.] DARPA MTO, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Balcerak, Raymond S.] US Army, Redstone Arsenal, DARPA Programs Off, Huntsville, AL 35808 USA. RP Sood, AK (reprint author), Magnolia Opt Technol Inc, 52-B Cummings Pk, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8900-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8257 AR 82571C DI 10.1117/12.914374 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BAO44 UT WOS:000304905100042 ER PT J AU Palma-Oliveira, J Zemba, SG Ames, MR Green, LC Linkov, I AF Palma-Oliveira, Jose Zemba, Stephen G. Ames, Michael R. Green, Laura C. Linkov, Igor TI Uncertainty in Multi-Pathway Risk Assessment for Combustion Facilities SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE multi-pathway risk assessment; uncertainty; fate-and-transport modeling; waste combustion; mercury; polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins and furans ID MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTORS; BALTIC SEA; ATRAZINE AB Multi-pathway risk assessments (MPRAs) of contaminant emissions to the atmosphere consider both direct exposures, via ambient air, and indirect exposures, via deposition to land and water. MPRAs embody numerous interconnected models and parameters. Concatenation of many multiplicative and incompletely defined assumptions and inputs can result in risk estimates with considerable uncertainties, which are difficult to quantify and elucidate. Here, three MPRA case-studies approach uncertainties in ways that better inform context-specific judgments of risk. In the first case, default values predicted implausibly large impacts; substitution of site-specific data within conservative methods resulted in reasonable and intuitive worst-case estimates. In the second, a simpler, clearly worst-case water quality model sufficed to demonstrate acceptable risks. In the third case, exposures were intentionally and transparently overestimated. Choices made within particular MPRAs depend on availability of data as suitable replacements for default assumptions, regulatory requirements, and thoughtful consideration of the concerns of interested stakeholders. Explicit consideration of the biases inherent in each risk assessment lends greater credibility to the assessment results, and can form the bases for evidence-based decision-making. C1 [Palma-Oliveira, Jose] Univ Lisbon, Fac Psicol, P-1649013 Lisbon, Portugal. [Zemba, Stephen G.; Ames, Michael R.; Green, Laura C.] Cambridge Environm Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Linkov, Igor] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Concord, MA USA. [Linkov, Igor] US Army Corps Engineers, Concord, MA USA. RP Palma-Oliveira, J (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Psicol, Alameda Univ, P-1649013 Lisbon, Portugal. EM Jpalma-oliveira@fp.ul.pt OI Palma-Oliveira, Jose/0000-0001-9799-3464 FU Secil-Companhia Geral de Cal e Cimento, SA, Portugal FX This research was partially funded by Secil-Companhia Geral de Cal e Cimento, SA, Portugal. The ideas expressed here are our own, and we take responsibility for any errors. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 501 EP 516 DI 10.1080/10807039.2012.672881 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946CN UT WOS:000304327100003 ER PT J AU Andrei, P Zheng, JP Hendrickson, M Plichta, EJ AF Andrei, P. Zheng, J. P. Hendrickson, M. Plichta, E. J. TI Modeling of Li-Air Batteries with Dual Electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM/OXYGEN BATTERY; ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE; ENERGY; DENSITY AB Li-air batteries with organic electrolyte at the anode and aqueous electrolyte at the cathode (dual electrolyte systems) are modeled using the mass transport and drift-diffusion equations of the electrolyte during the discharge of the cells. Two regimes of operation are analyzed: (1) when the concentration of the electrolyte is smaller than the concentration of saturation of Li+OH- in water, and (2) when the electrolyte concentration reaches saturation and the reaction product is deposited at the cathode. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the dependence of the specific capacity, energy and power densities on the geometrical and material parameters during the two regimes of operation. It is shown that the energy density and specific capacity can be improved by increasing the solubility and the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in the cathode, but they are not much affected by adding a uniformly distributed catalyst in the cathode. The power density can be increased by 10% by increasing the solubility factor, the oxygen diffusion coefficient, or the reaction rate. The limiting factors for the low power density of these batteries are the low values of the oxygen diffusion coefficient in the cathode and the relatively high separator/anode and separator/cathode interface resistances. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.010206jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Andrei, P.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zheng, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hendrickson, M.; Plichta, E. J.] USA, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Andrei, P (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM pandrei@eng.fsu.edu FU National Science Foundation under Engineering Research Center [EEC-0812121]; US Army CERDEC FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Engineering Research Center Program no. EEC-0812121 and US Army CERDEC. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 6 BP A770 EP A780 DI 10.1149/2.010206jes PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 943QS UT WOS:000304140700010 ER PT S AU O'Connor, J AF O'Connor, John BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Infrared imagery acquisition process supporting simulation and real image training SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Defense Systems and Applications VII CY APR 24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID IDENTIFICATION C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Modeling & Simulat Div, Recognit Combatant Project NVM MM ROC, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP O'Connor, J (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Modeling & Simulat Div, Recognit Combatant Project NVM MM ROC, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9081-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8403 AR 840305 DI 10.1117/12.917095 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAK66 UT WOS:000304451500002 ER PT S AU Yamamoto, KK Vecherin, SN Wilson, DK Borden, CT Bettencourt, E Pettit, CL AF Yamamoto, Kenneth K. Vecherin, Sergey N. Wilson, D. Keith Borden, Christian T. Bettencourt, Elizabeth Pettit, Chris L. BE Kelmelis, EJ TI Software for multimodal battlefield signal modeling and optimal sensor placement SO MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling and Simulation for Defense Systems and Applications VII CY APR 24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE battlefield signal modeling; environmental effects; battlefield command and control (C2); mission planning; decision-support tools; object oriented programming ID SOUND-PROPAGATION AB Effective use of passive and active sensors for surveillance, security, and intelligence must consider terrain and atmospheric effects on the sensor performance. Several years ago, U. S. Army ERDC undertook development of software for modeling environmental effects on target signatures, signal propagation, and battlefield sensors for many signal modalities (e. g., optical, acoustic, seismic, magnetic, radio-frequency, chemical, biological, and nuclear). Since its inception, the software, called Environmental Awareness for Sensor and Emitter Employment (EASEE), has matured and evolved significantly for simulating a broad spectrum of signal-transmission and sensing scenarios. The underlying software design involves a flexible, object-oriented approach to the various stages of signal modeling from emission through processing into inferences. A sensor placement algorithm has also been built in for optimizing sensor selections and placements based on specification of sensor supply limitations, coverage priorities, and wireless sensor communication requirements. Some recent and ongoing enhancements are described, including modeling of active sensing scenarios and signal reflections, directivity of signal emissions and sensors, improved handling of signal feature dependencies, extensions to realistically model additional signal modalities such as infrared and RF, and XML-based communication with other calculation and display engines. C1 [Yamamoto, Kenneth K.; Vecherin, Sergey N.; Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Yamamoto, KK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Kenneth.K.Yamamoto@usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU U.S. Army ERDC Geospatial Research and Engineering, and Military Engineering business; ASA(ALT) Deployable Force Protection S&T Program Leader Mission PlanningTool (LMPT) FX Funding for this effort was provided by the U.S. Army ERDC Geospatial Research and Engineering, and Military Engineering business areas, and by the ASA(ALT) Deployable Force Protection S&T Program Leader Mission Planning Tool (LMPT) project. Development of the Raptor-X interface described in Section 6 is part of the LMPT project, which is led by the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate. Dr. Vecherin's work was performed during an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) administrated by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CRREL. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9081-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8403 AR UNSP 840307 DI 10.1117/12.919452 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAK66 UT WOS:000304451500004 ER PT J AU Gadagbui, B Patterson, J Rak, A Kutzman, RS Reddy, G Johnson, MS AF Gadagbui, Bernard Patterson, Jacqueline Rak, Andrew Kutzman, Raymond S. Reddy, Gunda Johnson, Mark S. TI Development of a Relative Source Contribution Factor for Drinking Water Criteria: The Case of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Relative source contribution; hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1; 1,3,5-triazine; RDX; explosives; exposure ID SOIL AB The consideration of multiple or cumulative sources of exposure to a chemical is important for adequately protecting human health. This assessment demonstrates one way to consider multiple or cumulative sources through the development of a relative source contribution (RSC) factor for the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazine (RDX), using the Exposure Decision Tree approach (subtraction method) recommended by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The RSC factor is used to ensure that the concentration of a chemical allowed by a regulatory criterion or multiple criteria, when combined with other identified sources of exposure common to the population of concern, will not result in unacceptable exposures. An exposure model was used to identify relevant potential sources for receptors. Potential exposure pathways include ingestion of soil, water, contaminated local crops and fish, and dermal contact with soil and water. These pathways are applicable only to areas that are in close proximity to current or former military bases where RDX may have been released into the environment. Given the physical/chemical properties and the available environmental occurrence data on RDX, there are adequate data to support a chemical-specific RSC factor for RDX of 50% for drinking water ingestion. C1 [Reddy, Gunda; Johnson, Mark S.] USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, Directorate Toxicol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Gadagbui, Bernard; Patterson, Jacqueline] Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Rak, Andrew; Kutzman, Raymond S.] Noblis Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Reddy, G (reprint author), USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, Directorate Toxicol, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM gunda.reddy@us.army.mil FU U.S. Army Environmental Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD FX We thank James Daniel of the Army Environmental Command, Shannon Cunniff, and Paul Yaroschak of the Department of Defense, Chemical and Materiel Risk Management Directorate for their continued interest in and support of this effort. We also thank Steven S. Kueberuwa, Manager, OW Health Advisory Program, US EPA, and Dr. Michael Dourson of TERA for a critical review of the article. We also thank Ms. Melissa Kohrman-Vincent of TERA for her assistance in organizing data and preparation of the article. This work was funded by the U.S. Army Environmental Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 338 EP 354 DI 10.1080/10807039.2012.650588 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 946CI UT WOS:000304326400005 ER PT S AU Ghoshal, A Ayers, JT Haile, M Shiao, M Le, DD AF Ghoshal, Anindya Ayers, James T. Haile, Mulugeta Shiao, Michael Le, Dy D. BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Lynch, JP TI Sensor Applications for Structural Diagnostics and Prognostics in Aerospace Systems SO SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2012, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 12-15, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Asian-Pacific Network Ctr Res Smart Struct Technol (ANCRiSST) DE Condition based Structural Health Monitoring; in situ sensor technologies; structural sensing; diagnostics and prognostics ID CARBON NANOTUBE NETWORKS; IN-SITU; IMPACT DAMAGE; STRAIN SENSOR; COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; ACTUATORS; GRAPHENE AB There are emerging sensor technologies that will be deployed in future rotorcraft or retrofitted to existing rotorcraft and aircraft for structural diagnostics and prognostics. The vehicle health management system is likely to contain heterogeneous sensor arrays. Thus the structural state awareness may require information data fusion from dissimilar sensor (heterogeneous) system. This paper reviews the state of the art commercial of the shelf (COTS) and emerging sensor technologies for structural damage monitoring of rotorcraft and aircraft health. C1 [Ghoshal, Anindya; Ayers, James T.; Haile, Mulugeta; Shiao, Michael; Le, Dy D.] USA, Ballist Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ghoshal, A (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM anindya.ghoshal.civ@mail.mil NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9002-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8345 AR 83452E DI 10.1117/12.916155 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAH76 UT WOS:000304192100063 ER PT J AU Olaode, OO Palmer, WD Joines, WT AF Olaode, Olusola O. Palmer, W. Devereux Joines, William T. TI Effects of Meandering on Dipole Antenna Resonant Frequency SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Dipole antennas; electrically small antennas; equivalent circuits; meandered line ID LINE ANTENNAS; DESIGN AB In low-frequency applications, antenna designers find that it is beneficial to adjust the resonant frequency while preferably maintaining the physical size as a means of improving the antenna's radiation resistance, which in turn improves the radiation efficiency. The closer the resonant frequency is to the frequency of operation, the more efficient the antenna is. Addition of bends is one such technique for increasing the electrical size of a dipole antenna while maintaining the same overall physical length. This letter presents a study of the effects of bends on the resonant frequency of a dipole antenna in the VHF frequency range. A broadband equivalent circuit model for a straight dipole from previous work is adapted to a three-bend meander dipole antenna, and its performance is compared to that of a straight dipole having the same overall physical length. The predicted frequency response of the broadband model is calculated using circuit simulation software and compared to results from computational electromagnetic modeling and network-analyzer measurement of prototype straight and meandered dipole antennas. C1 [Olaode, Olusola O.; Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Engn Sci Directorate, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Olaode, OO (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM olusola.olaode@duke.edu; william.d.palmer44.civ@mail.mil; william.joines@duke.edu RI Palmer, William/E-2296-2012 FU US Army Research Laboratory; US Army Research Office [W911NF-04-D-0001] FX This work was supported in part by the US Army Research Laboratory and the US Army Research Office under Agreement Number W911NF-04-D-0001, Delivery Order 0003. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 11 BP 122 EP 125 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2184255 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 944KX UT WOS:000304201500033 ER PT J AU Dietlein, CR Hedden, AS Wikner, DA AF Dietlein, Charles R. Hedden, Abigail S. Wikner, David A. TI Digital Reflectarray Considerations for Terrestrial Millimeter-Wave Imaging SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Imaging; millimeter-wave; reflectarray ID PHASE AB We investigate how realistic architecture considerations affect the performance of wafer-scale electronically scanned millimeter-wave reflectarrays. Considering the application of a confocal Gregorian optics geometry with a small angular field of view, we examine how a reflectarray's discrete (digital) phase state quantization and electrical size impact scan angle accuracy and quantization lobe performance degradation. We quantify the impact of these effects on the camera's imaging performance and show that, for these reflectarrays, phase quantization of 2 bits is sufficient. C1 [Dietlein, Charles R.; Hedden, Abigail S.; Wikner, David A.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SER M, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dietlein, CR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SER M, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM charles.dietlein@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 11 BP 272 EP 275 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2189545 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 944KX UT WOS:000304201500071 ER PT J AU George, J AF George, Jemin TI Robust fault detection and isolation in stochastic systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE robust fault detection; fault detection filter; uncertain stochastic systems; multiple actuator and sensor faults ID SLIDING MODE OBSERVERS; NONLINEAR UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS; DETECTION FILTER; SENSOR FAULTS; DETECTABILITY ANALYSIS; ADAPTIVE ESTIMATION; FAILURE-DETECTION; DESIGN; DIAGNOSIS; ACTUATOR AB This article outlines the formulation of a robust fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme that can precisely detect and isolate simultaneous actuator and sensor faults for uncertain linear stochastic systems. The given robust fault detection scheme based on the discontinuous robust observer approach would be able to distinguish between model uncertainties and actuator failures and therefore eliminate the problem of false alarms. Since the proposed approach involves estimating sensor faults, it can also be used for sensor fault identification and the reconstruction of true outputs from faulty sensor outputs. Simulation results presented here validate the effectiveness of the proposed robust FDI system. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP George, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jemin.george.civ@mail.mil FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was partially supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars (LARSS) Program. The author wishes to thank Dr Irene M. Gregory, Senior Research Engineer at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), for her guidance and support during his stay at NASA LaRC as a research scholar. Author would also like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and constructive criticism. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PY 2012 VL 85 IS 7 BP 779 EP 799 DI 10.1080/00207179.2012.666360 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 941SX UT WOS:000303986500001 ER PT J AU Darlington, DN Craig, T Gonzales, MD Schwacha, MG Cap, AP Dubick, MA AF Darlington, D. N. Craig, T. Gonzales, M. D. Schwacha, M. G. Cap, A. P. Dubick, M. A. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A RAT MODEL OF ACUTE COAGULOPATHY OF TRAUMA SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/35th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Int Federat Shock Soc C1 [Darlington, D. N.; Gonzales, M. D.; Cap, A. P.; Dubick, M. A.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Craig, T.; Schwacha, M. G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2012 VL 37 SU 1 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 946VL UT WOS:000304385500069 ER PT J AU Schwacha, MG Darlington, DN Craig, T Gonzales, MD Dubick, MA Cap, AP AF Schwacha, M. G. Darlington, D. N. Craig, T. Gonzales, M. D. Dubick, M. A. Cap, A. P. TI INFLAMMATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE COAGULOPATHY IN A RAT MODEL OF TRAUMA-HEMORRHAGE SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/35th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Int Federat Shock Soc C1 [Darlington, D. N.; Gonzales, M. D.; Dubick, M. A.; Cap, A. P.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Schwacha, M. G.; Craig, T.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2012 VL 37 SU 1 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 946VL UT WOS:000304385500070 ER PT J AU Slack, J Li, Y Lucca, JD AF Slack, J. Li, Y. Lucca, J. Dalle TI BLAST-INDUCED NEUROTRAUMA ELICITS EARLY COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION AND TNF ALPHA RELEASE IN RAT BRAIN SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/35th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Int Federat Shock Soc C1 [Slack, J.; Li, Y.; Lucca, J. Dalle] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2012 VL 37 SU 1 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 946VL UT WOS:000304385500078 ER PT J AU Sondeen, J Prince, D Polykratis, A DeGuzman, R Cap, AP Dubick, MA AF Sondeen, J. Prince, D. Polykratis, A. DeGuzman, R. Cap, A. P. Dubick, M. A. TI THE ADDITION OF PLATELETS OR CRYOPRECIPITATE TO PLASMA AS INITIAL RESUSCITATION DOES NOT ENHANCE THE HEMOSTATIC EFFECT OVER PLASMA ALONE IN AN ANESTHETIZED SWINE MODEL OF UNCONTROLLED SPLENIC HEMORRHAGE SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/35th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Int Federat Shock Soc C1 [Sondeen, J.; Prince, D.; Polykratis, A.; DeGuzman, R.; Cap, A. P.; Dubick, M. A.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2012 VL 37 SU 1 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 946VL UT WOS:000304385500153 ER PT J AU Martini, W Blackbourne, LH Dubick, MA AF Martini, W. Blackbourne, L. H. Dubick, M. A. TI RESUSCITATION EFFECTS OF LACTATED RINGER'S SOLUTION AND NORMAL SALINE ON HEMODYNAMICS, THROMBIN GENERATION, COAGULATION FUNCTION FOLLOWING SEVERE HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN PIGS SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/35th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Int Federat Shock Soc C1 [Martini, W.; Blackbourne, L. H.; Dubick, M. A.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2012 VL 37 SU 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 946VL UT WOS:000304385500208 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Barr, JL Prince, D Grubbs, DL Sondeen, J AF Dubick, M. A. Barr, J. L. Prince, D. Grubbs, D. L. Sondeen, J. TI TISSUE ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN SWINE SUBJECTED TO UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGE AND RESUSCITATED WITH CONVENTIONAL FLUIDS OR BLOOD PRODUCTS SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/35th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Int Federat Shock Soc C1 [Dubick, M. A.; Barr, J. L.; Prince, D.; Grubbs, D. L.; Sondeen, J.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2012 VL 37 SU 1 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 946VL UT WOS:000304385500246 ER PT J AU Waldrep, K Slack, J Simovic, M Lucca, JD AF Waldrep, K. Slack, J. Simovic, M. Lucca, J. Dalle TI COMPLEMENT INHIBITION AS THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN PORCINE TRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGE SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/35th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Int Federat Shock Soc C1 [Waldrep, K.; Slack, J.; Simovic, M.; Lucca, J. Dalle] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2012 VL 37 SU 1 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 946VL UT WOS:000304385500260 ER PT J AU Torres, LN Sondeen, J Polykratis, I Dubick, MA Torres, I AF Torres, L. N. Sondeen, J. Polykratis, I. Dubick, M. A. Torres Filho, I. TI IN VIVO EVALUATION OF THE ENDOTHELIAL GLYCOCALYX DURING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK USING INTRAVITAL MICROSCOPY SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the International-Federation-of-Shock-Societies/35th Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Int Federat Shock Soc C1 [Torres, L. N.; Sondeen, J.; Polykratis, I.; Dubick, M. A.; Torres Filho, I.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2012 VL 37 SU 1 BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 946VL UT WOS:000304385500274 ER PT J AU Arcone, SA Jacobel, R Hamilton, G AF Arcone, Steven A. Jacobel, Robert Hamilton, Gordon TI Unconformable stratigraphy in East Antarctica: Part I. Large firn cosets, recrystallized growth, and model evidence for intensified accumulation SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; WEST ANTARCTICA; POLAR FIRN; RADAR PROFILES; ICE SHEETS; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; PLATEAU; BACKSCATTER; GLACIERS AB Unconformable firn stratigraphy exists throughout a 650 km long radar profile that we recorded down-flow of megadune fields in the Byrd Glacier (East Antarctica) catchment. Profile segments reveal cosets of prograding bedding sequences up to 90 m thick and with lateral, along-crest dimensions up to tens of kilometers. We profiled them in oblique section and nearly parallel to the prevailing wind. The prograding snow accumulates on broad, low windward slopes located above ice-bed depressions, which implies long-term slope stability. The apparent subglacial control implies that the accumulation progrades in balance with ice velocity, which we measured at similar to 30 m a(-1). The sequences prograde over intensely modified and recrystallized wind-glaze firn, visible in the profiles as unstratified layers and zones up to several tens of meters thick. The intense recrystallization eliminates density stratification, and the altered layers appear to thicken into a connected network. Modeling of coset formation using wind and ice flow reproduces their dimensions and morphology. However, accumulation rates well above current regional estimates and existing data for megadunes are required because of the measured ice speed and required slope stability. The consistent unconformable strata along our traverse show that coset and recrystallized morphology extend far beyond the megadune fields. C1 [Arcone, Steven A.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Jacobel, Robert] St Olaf Coll, Dept Phys, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Hamilton, Gordon] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. EM Steven.A.Arcone@usace.army.mil FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [188643, 188987, 188765] FX This research was supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) grants 188643 (Arcone), 188987 (Jacobel) and 188765 (Hamilton). We thank Brian Welch and Daniel Breton for GPR recording and GPS processing; Brian Tracey, Seth Campbell, Kristin Schild and Monica Palmer for image processing; Ted Scambos, Jeffrey Severinghaus and Christopher Schuman for helpful comments during a conference in March 2008; and Paul Mayewski for his organization and leadership of the ITASE projects. We also thank Ted Scambos for his careful critique of the manuscript and helpful suggestions. Permission to published was granted by Director, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 19 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 208 BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.3189/2012JoJ11J044 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 939BW UT WOS:000303782900005 ER PT J AU Arcone, SA Jacobel, R Hamilton, G AF Arcone, Steven A. Jacobel, Robert Hamilton, Gordon TI Unconformable stratigraphy in East Antarctica: Part II. Englacial cosets and recrystallized layers SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; US-ITASE TRAVERSE; WEST ANTARCTICA; RADAR PROFILES; ICE-SHEETS; FIRN; GLACIERS; ACCUMULATION; VELOCITY; FLOW AB Complex unconformable englacial stratigraphy, including a segment of distinctive cosets of bed sequences, occurs throughout the thickness of a 3.2 MHz ice-sheet radar profile we acquired across the upper Byrd Glacier (East Antarctica) catchment. Some cosets span >10 km, are >100 m thick and are delineated by distinct horizons. At 40-90 m depth in firn, comparisons between 200 MHz and specially processed 3.2 MHz profiles reveal that the delineating horizons result from density-modified layers produced by decades to millennia of subaerial exposure, as detailed in our related paper (Part l). These comparisons, together with reflected waveforms at depth, also reveal that the modified layers retain their chemical stratification, and therefore the original unconformable surface. Two profile segments show high-amplitude transverse folds spanning much of the ice-sheet thickness. The parallel nature of most of them suggests basal sliding beneath long-term up-ice-flow accumulation zones, which we identify in satellite images as the likely sources for the cosets. The unconformable stratigraphy at depths greater than 2000 m shows that antidunal deposition and intense firn recrystallization zones have persisted for tens of thousands of years in this region of East Antarctica. C1 [Arcone, Steven A.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Jacobel, Robert] St Olaf Coll, Dept Phys, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Hamilton, Gordon] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Steven.A.Arcone@usace.army.mil FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [188643, 188987, 188765] FX This research was supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) grants 188643 (Arcone), 188987 (Jacobel) and 188765 (Hamilton). We thank Brian Welch for acquiring the 3.2 MHz radar data, and students at St Olaf College for assistance in the processing; Daniel Breton for recording and processing GPS data; Brian Tracey, Seth Campbell, Kristin Schild and Monica Palmer for satellite image processing; Ted Scambos for comments and suggestions; two anonymous reviewers; and Paul Mayewski for his organization and leadership of the ITASE projects. Permission to publish was granted by Director, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 208 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.3189/2012JoG11J045 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 939BW UT WOS:000303782900006 ER PT J AU Carlson, TJ Brown, RS Stephenson, JR Pflugrath, BD Colotelo, AH Gingerich, AJ Benjamin, PL Langeslay, MJ Ahmann, ML Johnson, RL Skalski, JR Seaburg, AG Townsend, RL AF Carlson, Thomas J. Brown, Richard S. Stephenson, John R. Pflugrath, Brett D. Colotelo, Alison H. Gingerich, Andrew J. Benjamin, Piper L. Langeslay, Mike J. Ahmann, Martin L. Johnson, Robert L. Skalski, John R. Seaburg, Adam G. Townsend, Richard L. TI The Influence of Tag Presence on the Mortality of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Exposed to Simulated Hydroturbine Passage: Implications for Survival Estimates and Management of Hydroelectric Facilities SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HYDRO-TURBINE PASSAGE; ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; BUOYANCY COMPENSATION; FISH; BEHAVIOR; RADIOTELEMETRY; DECOMPRESSION; IMPLANTATION; PERFORMANCE AB Each year, telemetry tags (acoustic, radio, and passive integrated transponder tags) are surgically implanted into thousands of fish to assess their passage and survival through hydropower facilities. One passage route that is of particular concern is through hydroturbines, where fish may be exposed to a range of potential injuries that include barotraumas from rapid decompression. The change in pressure from acclimation to exposure (nadir) has been identified as an important factor in predicting the likelihood of mortality and injury for juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha undergoing rapid decompression associated with simulated turbine passage. The presence of telemetry tags has also been shown to influence the likelihood of mortality and injury for juvenile Chinook salmon. We investigated the likelihood of mortality and injury for telemetry-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon that were exposed to a range of pressure changes associated with simulated turbine passage. Several factors were examined as predictors of mortal injury for fish undergoing rapid decompression; of these factors, the log(e) transformed ratio of acclimation pressure : exposure pressure (LRP) and the tag burden (tag mass expressed as a percentage of fish mass) were the most predictive. As the LRP and tag burden increased, the likelihood of mortal injury also increased. Our results suggest that previous estimates of survival for juvenile Chinook salmon passing through hydroturbines were negatively biased due to the presence of telemetry tags, and this has direct implications for the management of hydroelectric facilities. Realistic examples indicate how the bias in turbine passage survival estimates could be 20% or higher depending on the LRP and tag burden. Negative bias would increase as the tag burden and the pressure change ratio increase and therefore has direct implications for survival estimates. We recommend that future hydroturbine survival studies use the smallest telemetry tags possible to minimize the potential bias associated with tag presence. C1 [Carlson, Thomas J.; Brown, Richard S.; Stephenson, John R.; Pflugrath, Brett D.; Colotelo, Alison H.; Gingerich, Andrew J.; Benjamin, Piper L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Langeslay, Mike J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Ahmann, Martin L.; Johnson, Robert L.] USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Skalski, John R.; Seaburg, Adam G.; Townsend, Richard L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999,Mail Stop K6-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rich.brown@pnnl.gov FU USACE Portland District; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Funding for this study was provided by the USACE Portland District. We thank USACE staff, including Blaine Ebberts, Dan Feil, Brad Eppard, and the USACE Turbine Survival Technical Team, for their commitment, assistance, and oversight. This research required the assistance of many, including Ben Tice (Tice Engineering) and Clayton Grable and the staff of Reimers Systems, who contributed to the design and troubleshooting of the Mobile Aquatic Barotrauma Laboratory; Scott Abernethy, Craig Allwardt, Chris Anderson, Carmina Arimescu, Evan Arntzen, Jim Boyd, Scott Carpenter, Jessica Carter, Kathleen Carter, Kate Deters, Gayle Dirkes, Joanne Duncan, Marybeth Gay, Greg Gaulke, David Geist, Jill Janak, Kasey Knox, Andy LeBarge, Meng Markillie, Garrett McKinny, Craig McKinstry, Bob Mueller, Katie Ovink, Jennifer Panther, Mary Ann Simmons, Marie-Helene Theriault, Jake Tucker, Ricardo Walker, Abby Welch, Ian Welch, and Christa Woodley (all of PNNL); and Andrea Currie (PNNL), who provided editing assistance. The PNNL animal facilities used in this research are certified by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care; fish were handled in accordance with federal guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals, and protocols for our study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Battelle-Pacific Northwest Division. The PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.661384 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936OY UT WOS:000303601100006 ER PT S AU Haile, M Ghoshal, A AF Haile, Mulugeta Ghoshal, Anindya BE Matikas, TE Peters, KJ Ecke, W TI Application of compressed sensing in full-field structural health monitoring SO SMART SENSOR PHENOMENA, TECHNOLOGY, NETWORKS, AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Sensor Phenomena, Technology, Networks, and Systems Integration CY MAR 12-14, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Smart structures; embedded sensors; crack; spiky strain ID SIGNAL RECOVERY; RECONSTRUCTION; PURSUIT AB Embedded sensors are used in layers of composite structures to provide local damage detection. The presence of these sensors causes material and geometric discontinuities which in turn causes unwanted peaks of stress and strain with consequences on stiffness reduction. Often several of these sensors are embedded in structures aggregating the adverse effects of discontinuities to degrade the structural integrity. Structural damage is a sparse phenomenon and the mechanical metrics are smooth functions with few spikes near the location of damage. This sparsity and spikiness can be exploited to reduce the number of embedded sensors in composite structures. The goal of this paper is to adapt the compressed sensing theory and detect damage using far fewer sensors than conventionally possible. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, we performed a numerical experiment on a rectangular plate with a center hole, and have shown that the 2D strain-field can be recovered from few samples of discrete strain measurements acquired by embedded sensors. C1 [Haile, Mulugeta; Ghoshal, Anindya] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Haile, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM mulugeta.a.haile@us.army.mil; anindya.ghoshal@us.army.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9003-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8346 AR 834618 DI 10.1117/12.915429 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAB82 UT WOS:000303762300029 ER PT J AU Roebuck-Spencer, TM Vincent, AS Twillie, DA Logan, BW Lopez, M Friedl, KE Grate, SJ Schlegel, RE Gilliland, K AF Roebuck-Spencer, Tresa M. Vincent, Andrea S. Twillie, David A. Logan, Bret W. Lopez, Mary Friedl, Karl E. Grate, Stephen J. Schlegel, Robert E. Gilliland, Kirby TI Cognitive Change Associated with Self-Reported Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Sustained During the OEF/OIF Conflicts SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Military deployment; Mild traumatic brain injury; Computerized testing; ANAM; Military TBI ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SYMPTOM VALIDITY TEST; HEAD-INJURY; IRAQ-WAR; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES; POSTCONCUSSIVE SYMPTOMS; SPORTS CONCUSSION; DIAGNOSIS THREAT; ENDURING FREEDOM; TEST-PERFORMANCE AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has received much attention due to high rates of this injury in Service Members returning from the Iraq/Afghanistan conflicts. This study examined cognitive performance in Service Members tested with ANAM prior to and following deployment. The sample was divided into a control group (n = 400) reporting no TBI injury prior to or during most recent deployment, and a group who self-reported a TBI injury (n = 502) during most recent deployment. This latter group was divided further based on self-report of post-concussion symptoms at post-deployment testing. All three groups performed similarly at pre-deployment. The group reporting TBI with active symptoms performed worst at post-deployment and included the highest percentage of individuals showing significant decline in cognitive performance over time (30.5%). A small sample of symptomatic individuals with a non-TBI reported injury did not demonstrate similar declines in performance, suggesting that active symptoms alone cannot account for these findings. Of those reporting a TBI injury during deployment, 70% demonstrated no significant change in cognitive performance compared with baseline. Although the exact etiology of observed declines is uncertain, findings indicate that individuals who self-report TBI during deployment with active symptomatology at post-deployment are at greatest risk for declines in cognitive performance. These individuals can be identified using self-report and brief computer-based testing. Importantly, the majority of active-duty individuals reporting TBI during deployment do not present with lasting significant cognitive impairment, a finding consistent with the civilian literature on mild TBI. C1 [Roebuck-Spencer, Tresa M.; Vincent, Andrea S.; Schlegel, Robert E.; Gilliland, Kirby] Univ Oklahoma, Cognit Sci Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Twillie, David A.; Logan, Bret W.] Blanchfield Army Community Hosp, Ft Campbell, KY USA. [Lopez, Mary] US Army Bavaria Med Dept Act BMEDDAC, Vilseck, Germany. [Friedl, Karl E.; Grate, Stephen J.] USA, Telemed & Adv Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM tresa@ou.edu OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 FU DoD; Telemedicine & Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) at Fort Detrick, MD [W81XWH-07-2-0097]; ANAM FX This data analysis was conducted by the Center for the Study of Human Operator Performance (C-SHOP) at the University of Oklahoma and is made possible by a DoD Grant awarded and administered by the U.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Command (USAMRMC) and the Telemedicine & Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) at Fort Detrick, MD under Contract Number W81XWH-07-2-0097.; The University of Oklahoma (OU) holds the exclusive license for the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). The Cognitive Science Research Center (formerly C-SHOP) at OU is responsible for research and development of ANAM. VistaLifeSciences holds the exclusive license for ANAM commercialization. Author Friedl is a co-inventor on United States Patent 7,837,472 and has received royalties in connection with this patent. Authors Gilliland and Schlegel have standard university royalty agreements for the sale of ANAM. No other authors of this manuscript receive funds or salary support from ANAM sales. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1385-4046 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 BP 473 EP 489 DI 10.1080/13854046.2011.650214 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 936ER UT WOS:000303574200164 PM 22268558 ER PT J AU Crago, MS Gauer, R Frazier, J AF Crago, Mark S. Gauer, Robert Frazier, Joni TI Does cervical membrane stripping in women with group B Streptococcus put the fetus at risk? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLONIZATION C1 [Crago, Mark S.; Gauer, Robert] Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Frazier, Joni] Carolinas Healthcare Syst, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Crago, MS (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 60A EP 60B PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 934CX UT WOS:000303421200002 PM 22220298 ER PT J AU Deyle, GD Gill, NW Allison, SC Hando, BR Rochino, DA AF Deyle, Gail D. Gill, Norman W. Allison, Stephen C. Hando, Benjamin R. Rochino, Duneley A. TI Knee OA: Which patients are unlikely to benefit from manual PT and exercise? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-PREDICTION RULE; PHYSICAL-THERAPY; ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY; REPLACEMENT SURGERY; ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS; ACTIVATION FAILURE; COX-2 INHIBITORS AB Background The combination of manual physical therapy and exercise provides important benefit for more than 80% of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Our objective was to determine predictor variables for patients unlikely to respond to these interventions. Methods We used a retrospective combined cohort study design to develop a preliminary clinical prediction rule (CPR). To determine useful predictors of nonsuccess, we used an extensive set of 167 baseline variables. These variables were extracted from standardized examination forms used with 101 patients (64 women and 37 men with a mean age of 60.5 +/- 11.8 and 63.6 +/- 9.3 years, respectively) in 2 previously published clinical trials. We classified patients based on whether they achieved a clinically meaningful benefit of at least 12% improvement in Western Ontario MacMaster (WOMAC) scores after 4 weeks of treatment using the smallest and most efficient subset of predictors. Results The variables of patellofemoral pain, anterior cruciate ligament laxity, and height >1.71 m (5'7 '') comprise the CPR. Patients with at least 2 positive tests yielded a posttest probability of 88% for nonsuccess with this treatment (positive likelihood ratio=36.7). The overall prognostic accuracy of the CPR was 96%. Conclusion Most patients with knee OA will benefit from a low-risk, cost-effective program of manual physical therapy and supporting exercise.(1,2) The few patients who may not benefit from such a program are identifiable by a simple (preliminary) CPR. After validation, this rule could improve primary patient management, allowing more appropriate referrals and choices in intervention. C1 [Deyle, Gail D.; Gill, Norman W.; Allison, Stephen C.; Hando, Benjamin R.; Rochino, Duneley A.] Army Baylor Univ, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Program Orthoped Manual Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Deyle, GD (reprint author), Army Baylor Univ, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Program Orthoped Manual Phys Therapy, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM gail.deyle@amedd.army.mil NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP E1 EP E8 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 934CX UT WOS:000303421200001 PM 22220299 ER PT J AU Evans, WD Abroms, LC Poropatich, R Nielsen, PE Wallace, JL AF Evans, W. Douglas Abroms, Lorien C. Poropatich, Ronald Nielsen, Peter E. Wallace, Jasmine L. TI Mobile Health Evaluation Methods: The Text4baby Case Study SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; PROMOTION; PEOPLE; SYSTEM AB Mobile phones have been shown effective in several public health domains. However, there are few evaluations of the effectiveness of mobile health in health promotion. Also, although many studies have referenced behavioral theory, none appears to have explicitly tested theoretical assumptions or demonstrated mechanisms of change. More robust evaluation models that incorporate theory and measurement of behavioral mediators are needed. As in all public health programs, mobile health operates within a social ecological context. For example, organizational- and individual-level programs seek to influence health and health care practices and individual health behaviors. New programs such as Text4baby demonstrate how theory and explicit testing of mediators can be incorporated in evaluations. There are challenges and opportunities facing mHealth evaluations given the nature of the mobile channel. Mobile communication is ubiquitous, available at all times and places, and thus experimental control is often difficult. Natural experiments using variation in dosage of mHealth and place- or location-based designs may increase experimental control. Text4baby is a text messaging program that provides prenatal care messages to pregnant women and new mothers. It uses a partnership model with health care facilities often serving as local implementation partners. The authors review a case example of the evaluation of Text4baby at Madigan Army Medical Center. Participants were randomized to usual prenatal care plus text messaging or usual care alone. The evaluation has a theoretical model of behavior change and measures mediators as well as behavioral outcomes. Results will inform how behavioral theory works within mobile health programs. C1 [Evans, W. Douglas; Abroms, Lorien C.; Wallace, Jasmine L.] George Washington Univ, Dept Prevent & Community Hlth, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Poropatich, Ronald] USA, Med Res & Materiel Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. [Nielsen, Peter E.] USA, Med Res & Materiel Command, Madigan Healthcare Syst, Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Evans, WD (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Prevent & Community Hlth, 2175 K St NW,Suite 700, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM wdevans@gwu.edu OI Bihm, Jasmine/0000-0003-2942-9145 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2012 VL 17 SU 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1080/10810730.2011.649157 PG 8 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 936LK UT WOS:000303591700005 PM 22548595 ER PT J AU Jackovitz, AM Hanna, TL Quinn, MJ AF Jackovitz, Allison M. Hanna, Theresa L. Quinn, Michael J., Jr. TI RELATIVE SENSITIVITIES OF JAPANESE QUAIL TO FOREIGN RED BLOOD CELL CHALLENGES FOR IMMUNOTOXICITY TESTING SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN BOBWHITE; GROWTH AB Given evidence that the immune system is sensitive to environmental contaminants, evaluating immunocompetence in toxicology studies is increasingly important. By incorporating a test of humoral response into controlled reproductive and developmental studies, more comprehensive results can be gathered to assess the potential for disease. The foreign red blood cells (RBC) challenge is a minimally invasive method for evaluating humoral responses to a foreign antigen. Typically, antibody response is assessed following injections of sheep erythrocytes; however, Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) are only minimally sensitive to sheep RBC. In the present study, adult Japanese quail were treated with 5% solutions of RBC from goose, goat, cow, donkey, or pig in primary and secondary challenges. After each treatment, plasma samples were taken and antibody responses were measured for total immunoglobulins (Ig), IgG, and IgM. Overall, goose RBC generated the poorest responses in both primary and secondary challenges, while the strongest antibody responses were to pig and donkey RBC. Therefore, pig RBC appear to be a superior antigen for testing humoral response in Japanese quail. C1 [Hanna, Theresa L.; Quinn, Michael J., Jr.] USA, Inst Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Command, Hlth Effects Res Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21222 USA. [Jackovitz, Allison M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Jackovitz, AM (reprint author), USA, Inst Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Command, Hlth Effects Res Program, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21222 USA. EM allison.m.jackovitz.ctr@us.army.mil FU U.S. Environmental protection Agency Office of Prevention Pesticides and Toxic Substances [DW-21-92355001-1] FX We thank Valerie H. Adams for her thorough review. This study was funded by the U.S. Environmental protection Agency Office of Prevention Pesticides and Toxic Substances through interagency agreement DW-21-92355001-1. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2012 VL 75 IS 6 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.668163 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 936MF UT WOS:000303593800001 PM 22480169 ER PT J AU Karpov, KA Bergen, M Geibel, JJ AF Karpov, Konstantin A. Bergen, Mary Geibel, John J. TI Monitoring fish in California Channel Islands marine protected areas with a remotely operated vehicle: the first five years SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fish abundance; Hard bottom; Marine protected area; Remotely operated vehicle; Sample design; ANOVA ID DEEP-WATER; RESERVES; RECRUITMENT; SOUTHERN; DENSITY AB In 2003, California established a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the northern Channel Islands, offshore of Santa Barbara. In this paper, we analyzed data from remotely operated vehicle (ROV) surveys of fish on deep-water (31-100 m) hard-bottom substrates. We tested the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in density of target species inside and outside MPAs and also evaluated changes in density over time. The con founding variables water depth and substrate type were controlled by equalizing sampling effort. For the analysis, we used ANOVA with the factors treatment (MPA vs. fished), location of site pair (San Miguel Island, north Santa Rosa Island and southwest Santa Rosa Island) and time (2005 to 2008). Because the main factors were crossed, interactions between factors were used to indicate possible significant effects. Multiple t-tests were used to test for significant treatment effects depending on the type of interaction. Most significant interactions were associated with location. There was only one significant interaction between treatment and time. Using multiple comparison tests instead of averages from the main factors in the ANOVA exposed the underlying variability. No species was consistently more abundant in MPAs than in fished sites at all locations. This study evaluates the first 5 yr after implementation of the MPAs. With additional time, we expect densities to change and the full dimensions of protection should become evident. C1 [Karpov, Konstantin A.] Karpov Marine Biol Res, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. [Bergen, Mary] Rancho Dos Rios, Ojai, CA 93023 USA. [Geibel, John J.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Belmont, CA 95402 USA. RP Karpov, KA (reprint author), Karpov Marine Biol Res, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. EM kkarpov1@gmail.com FU Sportfish Restoration Act; Ocean Protection Council; California State Coastal Conservancy; Nature Conservancy; Marine Applied Research and Exploration; Marisla Foundation; Kingfisher FX This work represents the cooperative effort of many staff from both the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) and the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission who together worked hard to make this program a success. The field work could not have been completed without the vessel support on the RV 'Shearwater' provided by the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. CDFG funding for this project was augmented by grants from the Sportfish Restoration Act, the Ocean Protection Council, the California State Coastal Conservancy, The Nature Conservancy, Marine Applied Research and Exploration, the Marisla Foundation and Kingfisher. Thanks are due to Rikk Kvitek of California State University at Monterey Bay, and Guy Cochrane of the United States Geological Survey, for providing seafloor mapping. Special thanks are due to the following CDFG staff: Philip Law for statistical advice; Mary Patyten for editing assistance with the manuscript; and Chuck Valle for insightful guidance on how best to present this science to the reader. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 13 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 453 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.3354/meps09629 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 937PK UT WOS:000303670200004 ER PT J AU Spain, RD Priest, HA Murphy, JS AF Spain, Randall D. Priest, Heather A. Murphy, Jennifer S. TI Current Trends in Adaptive Training With Military Applications: An Introduction SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The U.S. military's operational and institutional training requirements continue to increase in scope and complexity; but training resources, including time, manpower, and money, are limited. Many of the solutions the military has proposed to meet these challenges depend heavily on adaptive training. The purpose of this special issue is to examine current trends in adaptive training, with a particular attention to the military environment. This article summarizes contemporary approaches and challenges to implementing adaptive training and provides an overview of the articles included in the special issue. C1 [Spain, Randall D.; Priest, Heather A.; Murphy, Jennifer S.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Spain, RD (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM randy.spain@us.army.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.676984 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 936FO UT WOS:000303576500001 ER PT J AU Bink, ML Cage, EA AF Bink, Martin L. Cage, Evelyn A. TI Developing Training Aids for Effectiveness Across Skill Levels SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; NAVIGATION; EXPERT AB The overarching goal was to develop a training aid that could address different skill levels across soldiers. A set of flashcards to train map-reading skill was developed that leveraged different types of information across skill levels. Two Initial Military Training companies completed grid-coordinate tests immediately following map-reading training and again 3 weeks later after using the training aid. The results indicated that there was differential benefit for the type of information in the training aid depending on the soldier's skill level and that the combined adaptive-training material improved performance across skill levels and not just within a given skill level. C1 [Bink, Martin L.] USA, Res Inst Behav Sci, Ft Benning Res Unit, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. [Cage, Evelyn A.] Auburn Univ, Consortium Res Fellows Program, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Cage, Evelyn A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Counseling Psychol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Bink, ML (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav Sci, Ft Benning Res Unit, POB 52086, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. EM martin.l.bink2.civ@mail.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 134 EP 147 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.672906 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 936FO UT WOS:000303576500004 ER PT J AU Bauer, KN Brusso, RC Orvis, KA AF Bauer, Kristina N. Brusso, Robert C. Orvis, Karin A. TI Using Adaptive Difficulty to Optimize Videogame-Based Training Performance: The Moderating Role of Personality SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-EFFICACY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; GOAL ORIENTATION; JOB-PERFORMANCE; CONSCIENTIOUSNESS; DIMENSIONS; ABILITY AB While videogames can easily be tailored to provide "adaptive training," little research exists examining whether this benefit enhances training outcomes. The current study investigated three task difficulty manipulations and the moderating role of personality. Participants engaged in six 7-minute missions in a videogame-based training task. Openness to experience and neuroticism, but not conscientiousness, interacted with task difficulty condition such that trainees higher in these traits performed better over the course of training in the adaptive condition. These results suggest that adaptive training can result in the greatest performance improvement when the trainee's personality is suited to the instructional environment. C1 [Bauer, Kristina N.; Brusso, Robert C.; Orvis, Karin A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Orvis, Karin A.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Bauer, KN (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, 250 Mills Godwin Bldg, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM kbauer1013@gmail.com RI Orvis, Karin/A-2523-2009 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 9 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 148 EP 165 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.672908 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 936FO UT WOS:000303576500005 ER PT J AU Schaefer, PS Dyer, JL AF Schaefer, Peter S. Dyer, Jean L. TI Bridging the Gap Between Adaptive Training Research and Army Practice SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEST-EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS; INSTRUCTIONAL-DESIGN; ACHIEVEMENT; CLASSROOM; EXPERTISE; PROGRAMS; STUDENTS; SCHOOLS AB This article assesses the overlap between academic research on adaptive training and how training is adapted in the Army. The literature review encompassed modes of adapting ranging from classroom research to experimental investigations. Army instructors were interviewed to determine how they adapted instruction and the factors that impacted adapting. Integrating these efforts showed that the modes of adapting found in the literature and modes common to the Army did not overlap greatly. Army courses and populations also differed substantially from those in the literature. The research needed to address the major gaps between the academic and Army settings is discussed. C1 [Schaefer, Peter S.; Dyer, Jean L.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. RP Schaefer, PS (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, POB 52086, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. EM peter.s.schaefer.civ@mail.mil NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 194 EP 219 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.672911 PG 26 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 936FO UT WOS:000303576500007 ER PT J AU Andrews, RS Becker, JJ Gagne, MR AF Andrews, R. Stephen Becker, Jennifer J. Gagne, Michel R. TI A Photoflow Reactor for the Continuous Photoredox-Mediated Synthesis of C-Glycoamino Acids and C-Glycolipids SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE C-glycosides; glycolipids; glycopeptides; photochemistry; redox chemistry ID VISIBLE-LIGHT PHOTOCATALYSIS; CROSS-COUPLING APPROACH; GLYCOSYL AMINO-ACIDS; SINGLET OXYGEN; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SERINE; GALACTOSYLCERAMIDE; DERIVATIVES; ASPARAGINE; GENERATION C1 [Andrews, R. Stephen; Gagne, Michel R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Becker, Jennifer J.] USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gagne, MR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mgagne@unc.edu FU Army Research Office; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER15630] FX J.J.B. thanks the Army Research Office for Staff Research Funding, and M.R.G. thanks the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER15630) for their support. NR 66 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 38 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 17 BP 4140 EP 4143 DI 10.1002/anie.201200593 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 928RN UT WOS:000303001000027 PM 22441991 ER PT J AU Viyannalage, L Lee, V Dennis, RV Kapoor, D Haines, CD Banerjee, S AF Viyannalage, Lasantha Lee, Vincent Dennis, Robert V. Kapoor, Deepak Haines, Christopher D. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI From Grignard's reagents to well-defined Mg nanostructures: distinctive electrochemical and solution reduction routes SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MAGNESIUM NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDAL MAGNESIUM; HYDROGEN STORAGE; SIZE; ELECTRODES; CHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY AB Anisotropic Mg nanowires have been successfully prepared by electrocrystallization of Grignard's reagents thought to proceed via a modified faces, steps, and kinks (FSK) mechanism. Mg nanoparticles with roughly hexagonal shapes have also been obtained via chemical reduction of the same Grignard's reagents. C1 [Viyannalage, Lasantha; Lee, Vincent; Dennis, Robert V.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Viyannalage, Lasantha] Graphene Devices Ltd, Williamsville, NY 14221 USA. [Kapoor, Deepak; Haines, Christopher D.] USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu FU SBIR Grant from the Department of Defense FX This work was funded through a SBIR Grant from the Department of Defense. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 42 BP 5169 EP 5171 DI 10.1039/c2cc31405c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 932WA UT WOS:000303320000033 PM 22516935 ER PT J AU Borgianini, SA Styles, R Brodie, RJ AF Borgianini, Stephen A. Styles, Richard Brodie, Renae J. TI Simple model of megalopal transport in narrow river-dominated estuaries SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Larval transport; Decapod larvae; Tidal currents; River discharge; Tidal freshwater; Modeling; Uca minax; Global warming ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS MEGALOPAE; CRAB UCA-ANNULIPES; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; BRACHYURAN MEGALOPAE; FIDDLER-CRABS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES; SETTLEMENT-PATTERNS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; LARVAL RELEASE AB In river-dominated estuaries such as Winyah Bay at the base of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina, USA, the net movement of water and pelagic larvae is toward the ocean. Larvae of many decapods are hypothesized to recruit back into estuaries using a complex behavior termed flood-tide transport (FTT). A pattern of late-stage larval behaviors in concert with daily tidal rhythms yields net larval transport upstream into the estuary. Tidal currents in narrow river channels exhibit little distortion of flow, resulting in near linear flows. This means that there is a linear decay in tidal current amplitude over the last few kilometers of the upper estuary that can be easily modeled with a simple 1-dimensional (1D) model. With our 1D model, we demonstrate that ebb and flood currents can be modeled accurately near the limit of maximum upstream tidal influence within narrow river-dominated estuaries. Our model predicts the damping of flood tidal current in the face of river discharge. This dampening restricts the upriver migration potential of larvae that use FTT to return to adult habitats, or colonize new habitat. When our model is coupled with FTT behavior, we can predict the ability of red-jointed fiddler crab Uca minax (LeConte 1855) larvae to recruit back to the freshwater reaches of the Pee Dee River estuary for any combination of river discharges or tidal amplitudes. The flow model we developed can be used to assess the potential impacts of changing river flow and sea level on larval recruitment to upstream areas of coastal rivers. C1 [Borgianini, Stephen A.] Univ S Carolina Beaufort, Dept Math & Sci, Bluffton, SC 29909 USA. [Styles, Richard] USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Brodie, Renae J.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Biol Sci, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. RP Borgianini, SA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina Beaufort, Dept Math & Sci, Bluffton, SC 29909 USA. EM borgians@uscb.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOB-0237484] FX This work would not have been possible without the input, criticism, and labor of J. Staton, R. Tankersley, J. Christy, D. Wethey, J. Jurissa, S. Trynum, H. Bull, R. Bier, J. Mraz, K. Butler, P. Lopez-Duarte, J. Jost, P. Brannock, M. Sutton Tabor, M. Flenniken, C. Borgianini, and the scientists and staff of the Baruch Marine Field Laboratory. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant IOB-0237484 (Colonizing land via the estuarine route: ontogeny of osmoregulation and settlement behaviors in three brackish water fiddler crabs). NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 452 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.3354/meps09605 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 931KD UT WOS:000303213900014 ER PT J AU Groom, KL Ruhl, DS Sniezek, JC AF Groom, Kelly L. Ruhl, Douglas S. Sniezek, Joseph C. TI Mantle Cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Saccular Cyst SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article DE lymphoma; saccular cyst; mantle cell lymphoma C1 [Groom, Kelly L.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Attn MCHK DSH, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Groom, KL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Attn MCHK DSH, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM kelly.groom@us.army.mil OI Ruhl, Douglas/0000-0002-7411-2385 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 146 IS 1 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1177/0194599811412927 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 935SA UT WOS:000303539300033 PM 21690270 ER PT S AU Aydelotte, B Braithwaite, CH McNesby, K Benjamin, R Thadhani, NN Williamson, DM Trexler, M AF Aydelotte, B. Braithwaite, C. H. McNesby, K. Benjamin, R. Thadhani, N. N. Williamson, D. M. Trexler, M. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI A STUDY OF FRAGMENTATION IN A NI plus AL STRUCTURAL ENERGETIC MATERIAL SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Aluminum; Nickel; Energetic; Fragmentation AB A study of fragmentation behavior in a Ni+Al structural energetic material was undertaken. Rings were fabricated from a Ni+Al structural energetic material and subjected to explosive fragmentation. Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) data and ring fragments were collected and analyzed. Fragment sizes were found to be much smaller than those typical of ductile metals like copper and aluminum. This is attributed to the unique microstructure of the Ni+Al material. Additionally, a TNT charge cased with Ni+Al was detonated to cause the fragmentation of the Ni+Al case; high-speed photography showed Ni+Al fragments igniting upon oblique impact with a white photographic background. C1 [Aydelotte, B.; Thadhani, N. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr,J Erskine Love Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Braithwaite, C. H.; Williamson, D. M.] Cavendish Lab, SMF Grp, Dept Phys, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [McNesby, K.; Benjamin, R.] US Army, Res Lab, RDRL WML C, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Trexler, M.] US Army, Res Lab, RDRL WMM D, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Aydelotte, B (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr,J Erskine Love Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Braithwaite, Chris/0000-0002-9916-3883 FU ONR/MURI [N00014-07-1-0740]; DOD SMART scholarship FX Funding was provided by ONR/MURI Grant No. N00014-07-1-0740. B. Aydelotte was supported by the DOD SMART scholarship. Valuable assistance was provided by Adam Collins (Cavendish) and the experimental technicians at ARL. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686470 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300258 ER PT S AU Baer, MR Root, S Gustavsen, RL Pierce, T DeFisher, S Travers, B AF Baer, M. R. Root, S. Gustavsen, R. L. Pierce, T. DeFisher, S. Travers, B. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT EQUATION OF STATE FOR HMX-BASED COMPOSITES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Isentropic compression; Z accelerator; polymer binders; energetic composites; CTH modeling AB In order to examine the temperature dependence of the equation of state (EOS) of HMX-based explosives, two energetic composites, PBX9501 and PBXN9, were subjected to shockless compression using the Sandia VELOCE magnetic compression system. Prior to compression, the energetic samples were heated to temperatures up to 155 degrees C, presumed to be below the HMX beta - delta phase transition at atmospheric pressure conditions. A Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) was used to measure particle velocity of the transmitted compression wave. Temperature corrections in the drive plates and windows were estimated and velocity profile data was analyzed using forward/backward integration methods along with an optimization method to determine unreacted Mie-Gruneisen EOS parameters. C1 [Baer, M. R.; Root, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gustavsen, R. L.; Pierce, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [DeFisher, S.; Travers, B.] US Army ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Baer, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Gustavsen, Richard/0000-0002-2281-2742 FU US Department of Energy's NNSA [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; DoD/DOE MOU JMP program FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energys NNSA under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 and funding for this work was supported by the DoD/DOE MOU JMP program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686245 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300033 ER PT S AU Batyrev, IG Mattson, WD Rice, BM AF Batyrev, I. G. Mattson, W. D. Rice, B. M. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI MODELING OF A RANDOM NETWORK OF EXTENDED CO SOLIDS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Poly-CO; DFT; pressure; vibration analysis; IR intensity ID PHASE-DIAGRAMS; PRESSURE AB We studied early stages of polymerization of CO under pressure. We performed density functional simulations of 128 and 432 atom models. Structures of a random network found at zero temperature were used for equilibration at 100 K by employing first principles MD. We found that the polymerization begins at 7 - 8 GPa and slightly depends on the size of the model. It turns out that there are several metastable phases of the extended CO solid, corresponding to different compression pressures from 7-8 GPa to 15 GPa with different numbers of CO fragments, not connected to the network. We also found that the transition to the phases is irreversible which results in hysteresis loops. Random network structures obtained, say, under 18 GPa could exist down to 3 GPa, while being compressed at 3 GPa it stays in a phase similar to the solid delta phase with intact CO fragments and minor distortion of the cubic phase. To analyze the random structure fragments we calculated normal modes and IR intensity in dipole approximation. Contributions from typical fragments of the random network are identified and compared with experimental IR measurements. C1 [Batyrev, I. G.; Mattson, W. D.; Rice, B. M.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. RP Batyrev, IG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686379 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300167 ER PT S AU Ciezak-Jenkins, JA AF Ciezak-Jenkins, J. A. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI THE HIGH PRESSURE CHARACTERIZATION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS: DIHYDRAZINIUM 5, 5 '- AZOTETRAZOLATE DIHYDRATE SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Diamond Anvil Cell; High-Pressure; high-nitrogen material ID 5,5'-AZOTETRAZOLATE AB The isothermal structural properties, equation of state, and vibrational dynamics of Dihydrazinium 5,5'- azotetrazolate dihydrate (HAT) were studied under high-pressure using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and optical Infrared microspectroscopy. X-ray diffraction characterization revealed the existence of a phase transition near 10.3 GPa from the P2/c to the P2 space group. Several spectral modifications associated with this transition, such as mode splitting and intensity changes were observed in the Infrared spectroscopic measurements, giving insight into the molecular structure of the high-pressure phase. C1 USA, Res Lab, RDRL WML B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ciezak-Jenkins, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WML B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686549 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300337 ER PT S AU Clayton, JD Leavy, RB Kraft, RH AF Clayton, John D. Leavy, R. Brian Kraft, Reuben H. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI DYNAMIC COMPRESSIBILITY, SHEAR STRENGTH, AND FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF CERAMIC MICROSTRUCTURES PREDICTED FROM MESOSCALE MODELS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE mesoscale; ceramics; silicon carbide; aluminum oxynitride; shock compression; fracture ID SILICON-CARBIDE; FAILURE; PENETRATION; CHARACTERIZE; PLASTICITY; TRANSITION; TARGETS; SPALL; FLOW AB Fundamental understanding of dynamic behavior of polycrystalline ceramics is advanced through constitutive theory development and computational modeling. At the mesoscale, microstructures of silicon carbide grains (hexagonal crystal structure) or aluminum oxynitride grains (cubic crystal structure) are subjected to compression or shear at high rates with varying confining pressure. Each grain is resolved by numerous three-dimensional finite elements, and behavior of each grain is modeled using nonlinear anisotropic elasticity. Cohesive fracture models and post-fracture contact are included. Normal and Weibull failure statistics from many simulations are collected and analyzed. Results demonstrate effects of load directionality, confinement, dilatation, elastic anisotropy and elastic nonlinearity, and grain boundary fracture properties on macroscopic (average) failure stresses for loading conditions in the ballistic regime. Predictions demonstrate reasonable agreement with data from macroscopic plate impact, unconfined compression, and flexure experiments. C1 [Clayton, John D.; Leavy, R. Brian; Kraft, Reuben H.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMP B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clayton, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WMP B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686456 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300244 ER PT S AU Dandekar, DP AF Dandekar, Dattatraya P. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI SHOCK RESPONSE OF SODA LIME GLASS AT 6 GPa SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Soda lime glass; Failure wave; spall strength; Failure wave velocity AB This paper describes the results of a variety of shock wave experiments performed on soda lime glass to understand the modifying influence of so called "Failure wave" on its compression, under single shock, release, and tension. These experiments were done to a peak shock induced stress of around 6-7 GPa. Shock induced response was recorded by means of VISAR. The results of these experiments performed on soda lime glass at 6-7 GPa indicate that: (i) The effect of failure wave propagation is to lower the impedances of failed glass under both shocked compressed and released states and the effect is not initiated instantaneously at the impact surface. (ii) Failure wave velocity is determined to be 1.42 km/s. (iii) The spall strength of soda lime glass in the region transversed by failure wave is not negligible i. e., the pull-back velocity is around 50 m/s. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686436 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300224 ER PT S AU Dorgan, RJ Lee, RJ Sutherland, GT AF Dorgan, Robert J. Lee, Richard J. Sutherland, Gerrit T. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI PREDICTING RUN DISTANCES FOR A MODIFIED WEDGE TEST SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Shear initiation; shock sensitivity; shock-to-detonation transition; PBXN-110 AB Simulations were used to aid in the development of a modified wedge test (MWT). This explosive sensitivity experiment allows the shockwave curvature to be defined in order to investigate the effect of combined shock-shear loading on sensitivity. Various widths of PBXN-110 donor slabs were used to define the shockwave curvature introduced to wedge samples of the same explosive. The donor slabs were initiated with a linewave generator and a Detasheet booster, and the shock wave was attenuated using a slab of PMMA. In developing simulations for these three material experiments, calibrations of the PBXN-110 ignition and growth model and of the PMMA constitutive model were investigated in order to choose between several models found in the literature. A calibration shot from the MWT was also used to demonstrate the appropriateness of the models selected. Experimental results were compared to CTH calculations to indicate if there were effects associated with highly curved shock fronts that could not be adequately predicted. The run distances predicted in CTH for the thicker donor slab compare very favorably with the actual experiments; however, for thinner donor slabs, the actual experimental results seem to suggest a more sensitive behavior than the simulations are able to capture. C1 [Dorgan, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Lee, Richard J.] US Navy, Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit T.] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Dorgan, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under the Hard Target Defeat Program; Jennifer Jordan at AFRL Eglin AFB FX Funding was provided in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under the Hard Target Defeat Program. The Authors would like to thank Jennifer Jordan at AFRL Eglin AFB for her support and helpful discussions. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686329 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300117 ER PT S AU Grinfeld, MA AF Grinfeld, M. A. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI THE GENERALIZED COURANT-FRIEDRICHS EQUATION OF STATE FOR CONDENSED MATTER SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE complete EOS; Mie-Gruneisen EOS; thermodynamics; shock waves; data conversion AB The equation of state (EOS) with separable internal energy played a big role in the analysis of dynamics of condensed matter and development of the mathematical basis of the shock-wave physics [1]. For such models the internal energy density E, as a function of the specific volume V and entropy density S can be presented as E(V, S)=Delta(V)+X(S), where functions Delta(V) and X(S) should be determined from experiment. We call this model the Courant-Friedrichs (CF) EOS. We suggest a generalized Courant-Friedrichs (gCF) EOS based on three functional degrees of freedom. It includes the CF EOS as a special case. The additional degree of freedom allows us to consider additional physical phenomena. We discuss the interrelations between the newly introduced gCF EOS and several classical EOS, including the incomplete Mie-Gruneisen EOS and its complete extensions. We also discuss how the three functions can be recovered from experimental data. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grinfeld, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686479 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300267 ER PT S AU Grinfeld, MA AF Grinfeld, M. A. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI A NOVEL EQUATION OF STATE FOR HYDROCODE SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE EOS; shock waves; thermodynamics AB A novel model equation of state (EOS) for hydrocode is suggested. This model is called the Delta chi-EOS because it depends on two functions of one variable each. The Delta chi-EOS generalizes the classical incomplete EOS like the ideal gas thermal EOS, the van der Waals EOS, and the virial EOS, among others. We demonstrate the incomplete and complete variants of the Delta chi-EOS. We also discuss how to recover the functions Delta and chi from experimental measurements. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grinfeld, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686400 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300188 ER PT S AU Lee, RJ Dorgan, RJ Sutherland, GT Benedetta, A Milby, CL AF Lee, Richard J. Dorgan, Robert J. Sutherland, Gerrit T. Benedetta, Ashley Milby, Christopher L. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI EFFECT OF SHOCKWAVE CURVATURE ON RUN DISTANCE OBSERVED WITH A MODIFIED WEDGE TEST SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE modified wedge test; shock sensitivity; run distance; shock-shear ID EXPLOSIVES; INITIATION AB The effect of wave curvature on shock initiation in PBXN-110 was investigated using a modified wedge test configuration. Various widths of PBXN-110 donor slabs were used to define the shockwave curvature introduced to wedge samples of the same explosive. The donor slabs were initiated with line-wave generators so that the shock from the donor would be the same shape, magnitude and duration across the entire input surface of the wedge. The shock parameters were varied for a given donor with PMMA spacers placed between the donor and the wedge sample. A high-speed electronic framing camera was used to observe where initiation occurred along the face of the wedge. Initiation always occurred at the center of the shock front instead of along the sides like that reported by others using a much smaller test format. Results were compared to CTH calculations to indicate if there were effects associated with highly curved shock fronts that could not be adequately predicted. The run distance predicted in CTH for a 50.8 mm wide donor slab (low curvature) compared favorably with experimental results. However, results from thinner donor slabs (higher curvature) indicate a more sensitive behavior than the simulations predicted. C1 [Lee, Richard J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Dorgan, Robert J.] Air Force Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit T.] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Benedetta, Ashley] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Milby, Christopher L.] Energet Technol Ctr, La Plata, MD, Argentina. RP Lee, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) provided partial funding for this work under their Hard Target Defeat Program. The Authors would like to thank John O'Connor and David Pickeral for their technical assistance at NSWC, Indian Head. We would also like to thank Jennifer Jordan at AFRL Eglin AFB for her support and helpful discussions. This work is dedicated to the late Charles S. Coffey. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686266 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300054 ER PT S AU Moore, JD Izvekov, S Lisal, M Brennan, JK AF Moore, J. D. Izvekov, S. Lisal, M. Brennan, J. K. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI PARTICLE BASED MULTISCALE MODELING OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF RDX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Dissipative particle dynamics; RDX; mesoscale modeling AB We used multiscale modeling to bridge the atomistic and microscale levels of description by coarse-graining hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) onto a single interaction site through force-matching, resulting in density-dependent potentials which span 0 to 10 GPa in bulk pressure. The resulting model reproduces several atomistic properties but cannot account for accurate energy exchange due to coarse-graining of the intramolecular degrees of freedom. To correct this, we account for momentum and energy transfer in mechanical shock treatments by utilizing constant energy dissipative particle dynamics (DPD-E). We present preliminary results for the parameterization of DPD-E for RDX via bulk simulations and mechanical shock loading, with results assessed by comparison to atomistic simulation. C1 [Moore, J. D.; Izvekov, S.; Brennan, J. K.] USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Lisal, M.] ASCR VVI, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, Hala Lab Thermodynam, Prague, Czech Republic. [Lisal, M.] Univ JE Purkyne, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Usti Nad Labem, Czech Republic. RP Moore, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Lisal, Martin/A-8176-2011 OI Lisal, Martin/0000-0001-8005-7143 FU ARL [W911NF-10-2-0039]; ONR; DoD; ORISE [201003211] FX ML acknowledges sponsorship by the ARL under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-10-2-0039. JKB and SI acknowledge support in part by the ONR and the DoD High Performance Modernization Program Software Application Institute for Multiscale Reactive Modeling of Insensitive Munitions. JDM gratefully acknowledges support, in part, by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program for the ARL administered by ORISE through an agreement between the DoE and ARL (Project ID: 201003211). NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686504 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300292 ER PT S AU Rice, BM AF Rice, Betsy M. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI MULTISCALE MODELING OF ENERGETIC MATERIAL RESPONSE: EASY TO SAY, HARD TO DO SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Molecular dynamics; Dissipative Particle Dynamics; MS-CG Potentials ID FORCE-FIELD; SIMULATIONS AB In recent years, multiscale modeling has routinely been included in materials research programs (including those involving energetic materials). However, too often the various models are applied in a piecemeal fashion due to the fledgling state of multiscale modeling. While the concept of multiscale modeling of energetic materials is straightforward, practical implementation of this type of hierarchical modeling is hindered by numerous technical challenges. Here we report our efforts in establishing a multiscale modeling capability to predict energetic material response and include a discussion of emerging models, methods and software, stumbling blocks, and paths forward in this new area of exploration within our laboratory. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686505 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300293 ER PT S AU Stiel, LI Baker, EL Murphy, DJ AF Stiel, L. I. Baker, E. L. Murphy, D. J. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI EXTENSION OF JAGUAR PROCEDURES FOR NEW GASEOUS SPECIES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Equations of state; Hugoniot; intermolecular potential; flurocarbons; chlorocarbons ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; HF AB Jaguar is a highly efficient and accurate thermochemical equilibrium program for the detonation properties of explosives. In previous studies, equation of state Exp-6 parameters for H-C-N-O gaseous explosives product species have been optimized with available individual species Hugoniot data. The Jaguar library also includes solid and liquid properties for carbon and aluminum, silicon, and boron compounds. In this study the Jaguar property library has been expanded to include additional gaseous detonation products. New Exp-6 parameters for gaseous fluorine and chlorine compounds have been established by analyses of Hugoniot data for the actual species or for reactants which decompose into these compounds. Tests with data for explosives and additional compounds containing fluorine and chlorine have been performed to determine the accuracy of calculated detonation properties in comparison to experimental data. C1 [Stiel, L. I.] NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Baker, E. L.; Murphy, D. J.] US Army, RDECOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Stiel, LI (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. FU Institute for Multi -Scale Reactive Modeling FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Institute for Multi -Scale Reactive Modeling. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686387 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300175 ER PT S AU Sutherland, GT AF Sutherland, G. T. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI EFFECT OF TEST METHOD ON POP PLOT RESULTS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Wedge Test; POP Plot; CTH; Shock Reactivity AB CTH hydrocode simulations performed for this study demonstrate that test method can affect shock reactivity measurements as displayed on the POP plot. For run distances greater than about 7 mm and pressures lower than 50 kbar, the run distances produced with the use of a flyer plate were shorter than those produced by a plane wave lens system. In contrast, the run distances were similar for pressures above 50 kbar. The plane wave lens system simulated was based on a 4 '' PWL used at the Army Research Laboratory and a combination of buffer plates. The sample explosive was taken to be Composition C4. Other simulations showed that measuring an average velocity of the buffer plate outside the center of the buffer plate will result in lower input pressures being calculated from the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions than those that would be calculated if the corresponding peak initial velocity at the buffer plate center was used. C1 USA, Lethal Div, WMRD, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Sutherland, GT (reprint author), USA, Lethal Div, WMRD, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686277 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300065 ER PT S AU Weingarten, NS Batyrev, IG Rice, BM AF Weingarten, N. Scott Batyrev, Iskander G. Rice, Betsy M. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Molecular dynamics; aluminum oxynitride; crystalline ceramics; plasticity AB Aluminum oxynitride, or AlON, is a polycrystalline ceramic material, whose transparency and high strength make it a potentially useful material for many structural engineering applications. The structure of AlON is cubic spinel, with anions forming a close-packed structure, and aluminum atoms occupying the tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites, with one site remaining vacant. However, the location of the vacancy is not unique, nor are the positions of the nitrogen atoms, which replace oxygen atoms in the close-packed structure. We have developed an interatomic potential based on the Buckingham model for use in classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of AlON. Using this model, and crystal structures determined from first principles calculations, we have calculated a number of material properties and we compare these to experimental values. We present the results of nonequilibrium MD simulations of single crystal AlON under applied tension, with a discussion of the yield and failure mechanisms of this material. C1 [Weingarten, N. Scott; Batyrev, Iskander G.; Rice, Betsy M.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL WML B, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Weingarten, NS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL WML B, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686516 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300304 ER PT S AU Semendy, F Wijewarnasuriya, P Meissner, G AF Semendy, Fred Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal Meissner, Greg BE Schoenfeld, WV Rumpf, RC VonFreymann, G TI Plasmon-enhanced optical photodiodes based on MEH-PPV polymer and fullerene blend on ITO SO ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICRO/NANO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics V CY JAN 24-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Dyoptyka, VUZIX Corp DE Photodiode; Plasmon; MEH-PPV; fullerene; Polymeric blends ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CURRENT-VOLTAGE; SCHOTTKY DIODE; CELLS AB We report the fabrication of silver plasmon-enhanced photodiodes with a single active layer sandwich mixture, using ITO with Ag nanoparticles and poly (2-methoxy-5-(20-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV): fullerene-C-60 blend. Ag nanoparticles were created first by e-beam depositing 20 angstrom of Ag on ITO followed by RTA annealing under nitrogen at 250 degrees C for 30 min. Devices were fabricated using spin casting the blend over the ITO/Ag nanoparticles. After baking, Al metal was deposited on top of MEH-PPV fullerene-C-60 blend using e-beam evaporation for the metal contacts. We observed enhanced absorbance due to the Ag nanoparticles and increased photo response by the fabricated photodetector. I-V characterization allowed us to determine the barrier height, diode ideality factor, and series resistance. The diode shows a non-ideal I-V behavior due to a high probability of electron and whole recombination in the depletion region or existence of tunneling current, or perhaps due to the presence of interfacial layer or series resistance. The photocurrent and the photoconductive behavior indicate that these devices can be used as solar cells. C1 [Semendy, Fred; Wijewarnasuriya, Priyalal] USA, SEDD, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Semendy, F (reprint author), USA, SEDD, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM alph.f.semendy.civ@mail.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8892-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8249 AR 82491I DI 10.1117/12.908880 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BZR80 UT WOS:000302640700037 ER PT J AU Percival, TJ Rasmussen, TE AF Percival, T. J. Rasmussen, T. E. TI Reperfusion strategies in the management of extremity vascular injury with ischaemia SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Review ID TRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; MUSCLE FOLLOWING ISCHEMIA; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HYPERTONIC SALINE; ETHYL PYRUVATE; COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; NEUROMUSCULAR RECOVERY; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; LOCAL HYPOTHERMIA; STRIATED-MUSCLE AB Background: Extremity injury with ischaemia is the most common pattern of vascular trauma and is a challenge for surgeons who must make decisions about the timing and mechanism of limb reperfusion. In modern military conflicts, effective use of limb tourniquets and rapid transport of the injured have increased the number of casualties who reach a medical service with potentially survivable vascular trauma. This report provides a review of extremity ischaemia and reperfusion following vascular trauma. Methods: A review was undertaken of extremity vascular injury with ischaemia, including a focus on adjuncts aimed at reducing reperfusion injury and improving neuromuscular recovery and limb salvage. Results: Findings from basic and clinical research support the need to restore perfusion to an ischaemic limb as soon as possible in order to achieve optimal neuromuscular recovery. Large-animal studies demonstrate that haemorrhagic shock worsens the impact of ischaemia on the neuromuscular structures of the limb and reduces the ischaemic threshold to as little as 1 h. Surgical adjuncts such as vascular shunts, fasciotomy, regional limb cooling and ischaemic conditioning may reduce the severity of ischaemic injury. Medical therapies have also been described including hypertonic saline, statins and ethyl pyruvate, which reduce the inflammatory response following limb reperfusion. Conclusion: Contemporary translational research refutes a casual approach to extremity vascular injury with ischaemia, instead emphasizing expedited reperfusion. Surgical and medical adjuncts exist to expedite reperfusion and mitigate reperfusion injury. Additional research and development of these adjuncts is necessary to improve quality or functional limb salvage after vascular trauma. C1 [Percival, T. J.; Rasmussen, T. E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Rasmussen, T. E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Suite B, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@amedd.army.mil NR 65 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0007-1323 J9 BRIT J SURG JI Br. J. Surg. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 99 SU 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1002/bjs.7790 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 930PG UT WOS:000303151000013 PM 22441858 ER PT J AU Trahan, CJ Dawson, C AF Trahan, Corey J. Dawson, Clint TI Local time-stepping in Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods applied to the shallow-water equations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Local time stepping; Multi-rate methods; Shallow water equations; Wetting and drying; Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin methods; Rainfall-runoff ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; VARYING TIME; SCHEMES; MODEL AB Large geophysical flows often encompass both coarse and highly resolved regions. Approximating these flows using shock-capturing methods with explicit time stepping gives rise to a Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) time step constraint. Even if the refined regions are sparse, they can restrict the global CFL condition to very small time steps, vastly increasing computational effort over the whole domain. One method to cope with this problem is to use locally varying time steps over the domain. These are also referred to as multi-rate methods in the ODE literature. Ideally, such methods must be conservative, accurate and easy to implement. In this study, we derive a second-order, local time stepping procedure within a Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) framework to solve the shallow water equations. This procedure is based on previous first-order work of the second author and collaborator Kirby [1-3]. As we are interested in both coastal and overland flows due to, e.g., rainfall, wetting and drying is incorporated into the model. Numerical results are shown, which verify the accuracy and efficiency of the approach (compared to using a globally defined CFL time step), and the application of the method to rainfall-runoff scenarios. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Trahan, Corey J.] USACE, ERDC Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Dawson, Clint] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Sci & Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Trahan, CJ (reprint author), USACE, ERDC Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM trahan@ices.utexas.edu; clint@ices.utexas.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0749015] FX The authors acknowledge the support of National Science Foundation Grant OCI-0749015. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2012 VL 217 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2012.01.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 928GP UT WOS:000302971500011 ER PT J AU Ronkese, RJ AF Ronkese, Robert J. TI An asymptotic model of a nonlinear adaptive orthotropic elastic rod SO GEORGIAN MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Orthotropic elasticity; bone remodeling; cancellous bone ID UNIQUENESS RESULT; BONE; EXISTENCE; PLATE AB Cancellous bone can be regarded as a lattice of asymptotically small rods and plates. In this paper, a thin rod of an orthotropic elastic material with a cross-section O(epsilon(2)) where epsilon << 1 is considered. This thin cross-section leads to asymptotic expansions of the displacement vector, stress and strain tensors, and of the temporal change in the volumetric fraction of solid bone in the bone matrix. A rate equation describing this change in the volumetric fraction governs the remodeling process of bone deposition and reabsorption. It has linear and quadratic terms of strain tensors and thus, its own asymptotic expansion. This expansion's leading term is used in some simple numerical simulations. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ronkese, RJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM rjronkese@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDERMANN VERLAG PI LEMGO PA LANGER GRABEN 17, 32657 LEMGO, GERMANY SN 1072-947X J9 GEORGIAN MATH J JI Georgian Math. J. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 157 EP 179 DI 10.1515/gmj-2011-0051 PG 23 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 930JD UT WOS:000303134800011 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM Dang, G Taysing-Lara, M Karagodsky, V Sun, TB Chang-Hasnain, C AF Zhou, Weimin Dang, Gerard Taysing-lara, Monica Karagodsky, Vadim Sun, Tianbo Chang-Hasnain, Connie BE ChangHasnain, CJ Koyama, F Willner, AE Zhou, W TI Slow-Light High Contrast Metastructure Hollow-Core Waveguides SO HIGH CONTRAST METASTRUCTURES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Contrast Metastructures CY JAN 22-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE optical hollow-core waveguide; metastructure; high contrast grating; slow-light AB We present a new type of Si-based, metastructure, hollow-core waveguide that has highly desirable "slow-light" and low-loss properties for providing time-delays or high-Q cavities in chip-scale integrated OE circuits. This waveguide has high contrast grating (HCG) metastructures as the 4 claddings/walls of a squared hollow-core structure. We have successfully fabricated this 3-D metastructure waveguide using a new nano-fabrication techniques including one self-aligned, cycled, modified Bosch etch process. Our computational modeling indicates that there is a slow-light region with very little propagation loss. We will report our preliminary experimental waveguide test results for propagation loss and group velocity. C1 [Zhou, Weimin; Dang, Gerard; Taysing-lara, Monica] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8913-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8270 AR 827009 DI 10.1117/12.908840 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZS22 UT WOS:000302693500006 ER PT J AU Olaode, OO Palmer, WD Joines, WT AF Olaode, Olusola O. Palmer, W. Devereux Joines, William T. TI Characterization of Meander Dipole Antennas With a Geometry-Based, Frequency-Independent Lumped Element Model SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Dipole antennas; equivalent circuit; lumped elements; meander antenna ID LINE ANTENNAS; DESIGN AB Meander antennas have gained widespread use in applications such as radio frequency identification (RFID) devices where space for the antenna is limited or a low-frequency operation is required. Several size-reduction and synthesis methods have been proposed over time. However, few studies have focused on developing models to characterize the operation of meander antennas. In addition, existing models are frequency-dependent, which means that they are inherently narrowband. An alternative model that is based entirely on the geometry of a meander dipole antenna (MDA) and is frequency-independent is proposed. To enhance the accuracy of the proposed model, the effect of mutual capacitances introduced through bending of the antenna wire is incorporated. The mutual capacitances are also a function of the antenna geometry. This model is expected to be more broadband relative to existing models. The equivalent circuit model proposed is validated through comparison to numerical simulations in EMCoS, a moment-method-based software package. The discrepancies between predictions of the resonant frequencies of MDAs with our model and simulation results are found to be less than 3%. Two classes of meander dipole antennas are introduced. C1 [Olaode, Olusola O.; Joines, William T.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Palmer, W. Devereux] USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Engn Sci Directorate, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Olaode, OO (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM olusola.olaode@duke.edu; william.d.palmer44.civ@mail.mil; william.joines@duke.edu RI Palmer, William/E-2296-2012 FU US Army Research Laboratory; US Army Research Office [W911NF-04-D-0001, 0003] FX This work was supported in part by the US Army Research Laboratory and the US Army Research Office under Agreement Number W911NF-04-D-0001, Delivery Order 0003. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 11 BP 346 EP 349 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2191380 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 924VL UT WOS:000302719300006 ER PT J AU He, YP Yang, B Yang, KK Brown, C Ramasamy, R Wang, H Lundgren, C Zhao, YP AF He, Yuping Yang, Bo Yang, Kaikun Brown, Cameron Ramasamy, Ramaraja Wang, Howard Lundgren, Cynthia Zhao, Yiping TI Designing Si-based nanowall arrays by dynamic shadowing growth to tailor the performance of Li-ion battery anodes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM ANODE; CORE-SHELL NANOWIRES; CARBON-COATED SI; HIGH-CAPACITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; NANOSTRUCTURED SILICON; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; COMPOSITE ANODE; NANOROD ARRAYS; ALLOY ANODES AB To target the low conductance and stress issues of Si anodes for rechargeable Li-ion batteries, we have systematically designed four unique Si nanorod-based anodes using a dynamic shadowing growth method. Multilayer Cu/Si and Cu side-coated Si nanorods serve to improve the conductance, meanwhile, uniform CuSi and composition-graded CuSi nanocomposites serve to relax the stress and increase the conductance. Under the identical charge/discharge conditions, both the uniform and graded CuSi composite nanostructures exhibit the best cycling performance with capacity retention of 60-80% after 100 cycles of Li-ion insertion and extraction. The morphology evolution reveals that the nanorod wall-like structures remain intact in the uniform and graded CuSi composite anodes, while they have peeled off from the current collectors in the intrinsic Si, multilayer Cu/Si, and Cu side-coated Si samples. The morphological changes of different Si-based nanoanodes have also been modeled by a beam network, revealing that Si-based composite nanostructures generate a low yield stress which could be the key to developing high performance Li-ion battery anodes. C1 [He, Yuping; Brown, Cameron; Zhao, Yiping] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Yang, Bo] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Yang, Kaikun; Wang, Howard] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja] Univ Georgia, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Fac Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lundgren, Cynthia] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP He, YP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yphe@physast.uga.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010; Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008; He, Yuping/F-2831-2011; Yang, Kaikun/I-8763-2012; Brown, Cameron/H-9563-2014 OI Yang, Kaikun/0000-0002-2971-9276; Brown, Cameron/0000-0002-9616-2084 FU US Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-10-2-0107] FX This work is supported by US Army Research Laboratory with the contract number of W911NF-10-2-0107. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 17 BP 8294 EP 8303 DI 10.1039/c2jm00003b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 919YG UT WOS:000302367500018 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Bahramian, Q Gibson, P Schreuder-Gibson, H Sun, G AF Zhu, Jing Bahramian, Qazaleh Gibson, Philip Schreuder-Gibson, Heidi Sun, Gang TI Chemical and biological decontamination functions of nanofibrous membranes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REGENERABLE ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILES; HALAMINE POLYMERIC BIOCIDES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS; DETOXIFYING FUNCTIONS; LIQUID PENETRATION; N-CHLORINATION; FABRICATION; PROTECTION; NANOPARTICLES AB Novel composite membranes with poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene-g-diallylmelamine) (PVA-co-PE-g-DAM) nanofibers layered on poly(propylene-g-diallylmelamine) (PP-g-DAM) meltblown nonwoven fabric were successfully developed as lightweight and breathable protective materials with chemical and biological decontamination functions. By controlling levels of coated nanofibers, three nanofibrous membranes with similar surface morphology, hydrophilicity and transport properties were prepared. The N-halamine precursor moieties in the membrane matrices can be converted to active N-halamine structures with a diluted sodium hypochlorite solution, and the active chlorine content on the membranes is rechargeable and durable. The chlorinated nanofibrous membranes demonstrated very powerful and rapid biocidal effects against both E. coli and S. aureus by contact, as well as excellent disinfection effect to wet bacterial penetration through the membrane. Furthermore, the efficient chemical detoxification functions of the halamine nanofibrous membranes were also observed by a total decontamination of aldicarb, a carbamate pesticide, within 30 min. These PVA-co-PE-g-DAM nanofiber composite membranes can serve as ideal ultra-light filtering media for chemical and biological protective clothing materials. C1 [Zhu, Jing; Bahramian, Qazaleh; Sun, Gang] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gibson, Philip; Schreuder-Gibson, Heidi] USA, Natick Soldier RDE Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-08-1-0005]; University of California, Davis FX This research was financially supported by Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-08-1-0005). J. Zhu is grateful to Jastro-Shields Graduate Student Research Fellowship Award at University of California, Davis. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 65 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 17 BP 8532 EP 8540 DI 10.1039/c2jm16605d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 919YG UT WOS:000302367500052 ER PT J AU Jow, TR Marx, MB Allen, JL AF Jow, T. Richard Marx, Michelle B. Allen, Jan L. TI Distinguishing Li+ Charge Transfer Kinetics at NCA/Electrolyte and Graphite/Electrolyte Interfaces, and NCA/Electrolyte and LFP/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li-Ion Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTES; BEHAVIORS; IMPEDANCE; LIFEPO4/C; CATHODE AB In examining the Li+ charge transfer kinetics at the graphite anode and the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), cathode in a full cell, we found that the activation energy, Ea, for the charge transfer at the graphite/electrolyte interface is about 68 kJ/mol, which is consistent with recently reported values. However, the Ea for the charge transfer at the NCA/electrolyte interface is about 50 kJ/mol, which is lower than at the graphite anode. With desolvation as the predominate step for limiting the kinetics and both electrodes subjected to the same electrolyte, the difference in Ea suggests that it is greatly influenced with respect to the nature of the electrode materials and their associated SEIs. This is further confirmed by the examination of Li+ charge transfer at the LiFePO4 (LFP)/electrolyte and the graphite/electrolyte interfaces using a LFP/graphite full cell. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.079205jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Jow, T. Richard; Marx, Michelle B.; Allen, Jan L.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jow, TR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM t.r.jow.civ@mail.mil FU DOE Office of Renewable Energy and Vehicle Technologies FX The authors thank K. Nechev, B. Deveney and S. Rickman at Saft America, Inc. for providing electrodes and helpful discussion and the DOE Office of Renewable Energy and Vehicle Technologies, Applied Battery Research for Transportation Program for partial financial support. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 11 U2 114 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 5 BP A604 EP A612 DI 10.1149/2.079205jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 917XL UT WOS:000302211800014 ER PT J AU Seo, DM Borodin, O Han, SD Ly, Q Boyle, PD Henderson, WA AF Seo, Daniel M. Borodin, Oleg Han, Sang-Don Ly, Quang Boyle, Paul D. Henderson, Wesley A. TI Electrolyte Solvation and Ionic Association I. Acetonitrile-Lithium Salt Mixtures: Intermediate and Highly Associated Salts SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FORCE-FIELD DEVELOPMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SOLVENT INTERACTIONS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSITION; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALPHA-ACETONITRILE; POWDER DIFFRACTION; APROTIC-SOLVENTS AB Solution structure is the key determinant for electrolyte properties, but little is known about the ion solvate structures present in liquids. A detailed exploration of this topic is begun here utilizing acetonitrile (AN) due to the simplicity of this solvent's interactions with Li+ cations. Phase diagrams have been prepared for (AN)(n)-LiClO4 and -LiBF4 mixtures (salts with intermediate ionic association). The solvate species present in the solid and liquid phases have been analyzed utilizing single crystal solvate structures and Raman spectroscopy to determine how the anion identity influences the solvate species equilibrium (i.e., ionic association and solvation number). The phase behavior and solvation interactions of these mixtures are compared with those for (AN)(n)-LiCF3SO3, -LiNO3 and -LiCF3CO2 mixtures (salts which are highly associated). Quantum chemical calculations for the (AN)(n)-LiBF4 and -LiClO4 solvates have been performed to aid in the analysis. Results from MD simulations for (AN)(n)-LiBF4 and -LiClO4 mixtures have been compared to the experimental work to explore both the insight gained and limitations of the experimental work and simulations for electrolyte characterization. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.jes112264] All rights reserved. C1 [Seo, Daniel M.; Han, Sang-Don; Ly, Quang; Henderson, Wesley A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ion Liquids & Electrolytes Energy Technol ILEET L, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Boyle, Paul D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Xray Struct Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Borodin, Oleg] USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Seo, DM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ion Liquids & Electrolytes Energy Technol ILEET L, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM whender@ncsu.edu RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0002169]; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Army Research Laboratory [DE-IA01-11EE003413] FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering which fully supported the experimental research under Award DE-SC0002169. The computational work was partially supported by an Interagency Agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under DE-IA01-11EE003413 for the Office of Vehicle Technologies Programs including the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 73 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 5 BP A553 EP A565 DI 10.1149/2.jes112264 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 917XL UT WOS:000302211800007 ER PT S AU Gupta, N AF Gupta, Neelam BE Schenk, H Piyawattanametha, W Noell, W TI SPECTRAL IMAGING CHARACTERIZATION OF MOEM TUNABLE FABRY-PEROT FILTER SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems XI CY JAN 24-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Bridger Photon, Inc, Dyoptyka, VUZIX Corp DE MOEM; Fabry-Perot; tunable filter; electrostatic actuation; visible near-IR; spectral imaging AB A miniature MOEM tunable Fabry-Perot (FP) filter development program to fabricate filters operating over spectral regions from the visible to the longwave infrared has recently succeeded in fabricating filters operating over visible/near infrared wavelength region from 400 to 800 nm. The main objective of this program is to design miniature hyperspectral imagers by placing such a miniature tunable FP filter in front of a commercial focal plane array with a suitable optical train. This novel MOEM filter design is based on using two semitransparent 30-nm thick silver-film mirrors-one fixed and one moving with application of an electrostatic force. The silver films were grown on low-cost thin commercial quartz wafers with low total thickness variation. The moving mirror is held in place by three leaf spring arm structures which were fabricated by wet etching of the quartz substrate. The size of the MOEM device is 18x24 mm(2). The tunable FP filter has a 6-mm optical aperture. The fixed part has three electrodes to apply voltages and the moving mirror is used as a ground electrode. Au bumps were deposited in both parts in order to control the initial air gap distance and an Au-Au bonding was used to bond the two parts together. The electrostatic actuation changes the spacing between the two mirrors which changes the transmitted wavelength. The spectral imaging performance of MOEM filter was characterized using a tunable source and a CCD camera with suitable optics. This paper describes the MOEM filter, its characteristics and present spectral imaging characterization experiment and results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8895-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8252 AR 82520E DI 10.1117/12.908428 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZS19 UT WOS:000302688500012 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM Okusaga, O Levy, E Cahill, J Docherty, A Menyuk, C Carter, G Horowitz, M AF Zhou, Weimin Okusaga, Olukayode Levy, Etgar Cahill, James Docherty, Andrew Menyuk, Curtis Carter, Gary Horowitz, Moshe BE Witzigmann, B Osinski, M Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y TI Potentials and Challenges for Optoelectronic Oscillator SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XX CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE optoelectronic oscillator; simulation-modeling; phase noise; optical fiber; Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering ID PHASE-NOISE AB We review our experimental and simulation-modeling studies on optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs). The OEO can have an intrinsic quality factor, Q that is orders of magnitude higher than that of the best electronic oscillators (i.e. Poseidon). However, our experimental results show that the OEO's current phase noise level is still worse than that of the Poseidon. This is caused by many noise sources in the OEO which reduce the "loaded-Q" in the loop system. In order to mitigate these noise sources, we have systematically studied such phenomena as the laser RIN, Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering in the fiber, vibration, etc. These noise sources are convoluted in both optical and electrical domains by many different physical effects; hence, it is very difficult to experimentally separate them, and only the dominant phase noise is observed in each offset-frequency. Therefore, we developed a computational model to simulate our experimental injection-locked dual-OEO system. By validating the model with our experimental results from both individual components and OEO loops, we can start to trace the individual phase noise sources. The goal is to use the validated model to guide our experiments to identify the dominant phase noise in each spectral region, and mitigate these noise sources so that the OEO can reach its full potential. C1 [Zhou, Weimin; Okusaga, Olukayode; Cahill, James] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8898-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8255 AR 82551N DI 10.1117/12.913933 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZU33 UT WOS:000302993700037 ER PT B AU Torres, DM Harrison, SA AF Torres, Dawn McDowell Harrison, Stephen A. BE Shiffman, ML TI Chronic HCV and Steatosis SO CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS: ADVANCES IN TREATMENT, PROMISE FOR THE FUTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Steatosis; Insulin resistance; Obesity; HOMA-IR; Diabetes; Metabolic syndrome ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; VIRUS CORE PROTEIN; FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; RIBAVIRIN COMBINATION THERAPY; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; GENOTYPE 4 PATIENTS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FIBROSIS PROGRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLUS RIBAVIRIN C1 [Harrison, Stephen A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, San Antonio, TX 78260 USA. [Torres, Dawn McDowell] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 1506 Palmer View, San Antonio, TX 78260 USA. EM stephen.harrison@amedd.army.mil NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1191-8 PY 2012 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1192-5_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1192-5 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA BZG43 UT WOS:000301512900004 ER PT J AU McCulloh, IA Johnson, AN Carley, KM AF McCulloh, Ian A. Johnson, Anthony Norvell Carley, Kathleen M. TI SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS TO IDENTIFY PERIODICITY SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fourier analysis; longitudinal networks; network dynamics; social network analysis; statistical process control ID MODELS AB Two key problems in the study of longitudinal networks are determining when to chunk continuous time data into discrete time periods for network analysis and identifying periodicity in the data. In addition, statistical process control applied to longitudinal social network measures can be biased by the effects of relational dependence and periodicity in the data. Thus, the detection of change is often obscured by random noise. Fourier analysis is used to determine statistically significant periodic frequencies in longitudinal network data. Two approaches are then offered: using significant periods as a basis to chunk data for longitudinal network analysis or using the significant periods to filter the longitudinal data. E-mail communication collected at the United States Military Academy is examined. C1 [Johnson, Anthony Norvell] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Carley, Kathleen M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Computat Anal Social & Org Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [McCulloh, Ian A.] Curtin Univ, Sch Informat Syst, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Johnson, AN (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM anthony.johnson@usma.edu OI Carley, Kathleen M/0000-0002-6356-0238 FU Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences [611102B74 F]; Army Research Organization [9FDATXR048]; Army Research Lab under the Collaborative Technology Alliances [DAAD19-01-2-0009, 20002504] FX This research is part of the United States Military Academy Network Science Center and the Dynamics Networks project in the Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS; http://www.casos.cs.cmu.edu) at Carnegie Mellon University. This work was supported in part by The Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Army Project No. 611102B74 F; The Army Research Organization, Project No. 9FDATXR048; and The Army Research Lab under the Collaborative Technology Alliances DAAD19-01-2-0009 and 20002504. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Institute, the Army Research Lab, or the U. S. government. The authors would like to thank Jon Storrick for building an operational version in *ORA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-250X J9 J MATH SOCIOL JI J. Math. Sociol. PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.1080/0022250X.2011.556767 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Sociology SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Sociology GA 923OC UT WOS:000302627600001 ER PT J AU Crutcher, S Osei, A Yildirim, A Biswas, A AF Crutcher, S. Osei, A. Yildirim, Ahmet Biswas, Anjan TI Oscillatory parabolic law optical spatial solitons SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear optics; Optical spatial soliton; Equivalent particle theory; Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation; Swing effect; Parabolic law ID NONLINEAR SCHRODINGERS EQUATION; 1-SOLITON SOLUTION; WAVE-GUIDE; MEDIA AB We apply equivalence particle principle to a higher order spatial Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLSE) that models the propagation of a beam with higher order nonlinearity (X-(5)). Using this principle, expressions for acceleration, spatial frequency, spatial period and other variables for a spatial soliton can be derived from the solution of a dual power law (or parabolic law) homogenous Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation(NLSE). These results agree well with numerical simulations of the perturbed Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation. We show that if the expression of the acceleration is bounded this means the spatial soliton propagates with a swing effect. Taking one step further in this theoretical study, we investigate the swing effect through the use of numerical simulations. C1 [Biswas, Anjan] Delaware State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Crutcher, S.] USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, WDID Elect & Comp Technol Funct, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Osei, A.] Oakwood Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Huntsville, AL 35896 USA. [Yildirim, Ahmet] Ege Univ, Dept Math, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. [Yildirim, Ahmet] Univ S Florida, Dept Math & Stat, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM biswas.anjan@gmail.com RI Biswas, Anjan /D-8500-2012 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 922WN UT WOS:000302579300005 ER PT J AU Daugherty, A Suvarnapunya, AE Runyen-Janecky, L AF Daugherty, Aaron Suvarnapunya, Akamol Eddie Runyen-Janecky, Laura TI The role of OxyR and SoxRS in oxidative stress survival in Shigella flexneri SO MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shigella; Oxidative stress; OxyR; SoxRS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; CATALASE; GENES; INACTIVATION; REGULATOR; INFECTION AB Shigella flexneri, a facultative intracellular pathogen, is exposed to a variety of environments inside and outside of the human host. Some of these environments may contain significant oxidative stress. S.flexneri mutants were generated with deletions in the major oxidative stress regulators oxyR and/or soxRS to test their importance in Shigella biology. Strains that contained a deletion of oxyR had reduced growth and survival during aerobic growth, but not microaerobic growth. The mutants were also defective in surviving exposure to oxidative stress: oxyR mutants were sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, while soxRS mutants were sensitive to superoxide. Although the Delta soxRS, Delta oxyR, and Delta oxyR/Delta soxRS mutant Shigellae survived similarly to the parental strains within macrophages, the mutants formed plagues on Henle cell monolayers that were slightly smaller than the plagues formed by the wildtype strain. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Daugherty, Aaron; Runyen-Janecky, Laura] Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Suvarnapunya, Akamol Eddie] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Runyen-Janecky, L (reprint author), Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. EM Lrunyenj@richmond.edu FU Public Health Service [AI075330]; University of Richmond School of Arts and Sciences; University of Richmond FX This work was supported by Public Health Service Grants AI075330 awarded to L.R.-J. and by funding from the University of Richmond School of Arts and Sciences and the University of Richmond Ethyl Science Scholarship to A.D. We would like to thank Dr. Malabi M. Venkatesan for support and guidance. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of the Army, or the U.S. Department of Defense, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-5013 J9 MICROBIOL RES JI Microbiol. Res. PY 2012 VL 167 IS 4 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.micres.2011.09.004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 925DV UT WOS:000302741900008 PM 22015257 ER PT S AU Cole, B Hays, A McIntosh, C Nettleton, J Goldberg, L AF Cole, Brian Hays, Alan McIntosh, Chris Nettleton, John Goldberg, Lew BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Compact VCSEL pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXI: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXI - Technology and Devices CY JAN 22-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solid state lasers; Nd:YAG; active Q-switching AB We have explored using 808nm Vertical Cavity Surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays for end-pumping of Nd:YAG lasers. A variety of laser designs were explored including a compact passively Q-switched lasers that produced a 22mJ pulse having a pulse width of <1.5ns, and an actively Q-switched laser that produced a 40mJ pulse having a 7 ns pulse width. The VCSEL pumped actively Q-switched laser was used as a source for sum frequency generation. Using a 2mm type II KTP and 3mm type I LBO, we generated greater than 5mJ at 355nm with a 21% THG conversion efficiency. C1 [Cole, Brian; Hays, Alan; McIntosh, Chris; Nettleton, John; Goldberg, Lew] USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, RDECOM CERDEC, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Cole, B (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, RDECOM CERDEC, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8878-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8235 AR 82350O DI 10.1117/12.908921 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR26 UT WOS:000302536200013 ER PT J AU Brusso, RC Orvis, KA Bauer, KN Tekleab, AG AF Brusso, Robert C. Orvis, Karin A. Bauer, Kristina N. Tekleab, Amanuel G. TI Interaction Among Self-Efficacy, Goal Orientation, and Unrealistic Goal-Setting on Videogame-Based Training Performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAANALYTIC EXAMINATION; REGULATORY PROCESSES; UNSOLVABLE PROBLEMS; MOTIVATION; KNOWLEDGE; OUTCOMES; SKILL; DISCREPANCIES; HELPLESSNESS; IMPACT AB This study sought to investigate what happens to trainee performance when an individual sets an unrealistically difficult performance goal early in training, which results in a large goal-performance discrepancy. Data from 185 trainees participating in a videogame-based training environment demonstrated that a single large discrepancy negatively impacts immediate subsequent training performance. Moreover, performance avoid goal orientation and self-efficacy were found to jointly moderate the impact of the discrepancy for both trainees' immediate subsequent performance and their rate of performance improvement across the training program. These findings highlight the importance of realistic goal-setting and trainee self-efficacy for optimizing videogame-based training success. C1 [Brusso, Robert C.; Orvis, Karin A.; Bauer, Kristina N.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Orvis, Karin A.] USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Arlington, VA USA. [Tekleab, Amanuel G.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Management & Informat Syst, Detroit, MI USA. RP Brusso, RC (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Psychol, 250 Mills Godwin Bldg, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rbrusso@odu.edu RI Orvis, Karin/A-2523-2009 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.639669 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 919SK UT WOS:000302348700001 ER PT J AU Maddi, SR Matthews, MD Kelly, DR Villarreal, B White, M AF Maddi, Salvatore R. Matthews, Michael D. Kelly, Dennis R. Villarreal, Brandilynn White, Marina TI The Role of Hardiness and Grit in Predicting Performance and Retention of USMA Cadets SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSONALITY CONSTRUCT; SUCCESS AB We examined the relative effectiveness of hardiness and grit as predictors of performance and retention among first year cadets at the USMA. Based on past research and theory, we expected that both hardiness and grit would predict unique variance in performance and retention even after controlling for past performance as measured by the Whole Candidate Score. Results of regression analyses revealed that hardiness and grit predicted unique variance in first year retention, but only hardiness predicted first year performance at USMA. These findings suggest that hardiness assessment and training may prove valuable in enhancing performance and retention within military training environments. C1 [Maddi, Salvatore R.; Villarreal, Brandilynn; White, Marina] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Psychol & Social Behav, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Matthews, Michael D.; Kelly, Dennis R.] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Maddi, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Psychol & Social Behav, 4201 SBS Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM srmaddi@uci.edu NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 37 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.639672 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 919SK UT WOS:000302348700002 ER PT J AU Deters, KA Brown, RS Boyd, JW Eppard, MB Seaburg, AG AF Deters, Katherine A. Brown, Richard S. Boyd, James W. Eppard, M. Brad Seaburg, Adam G. TI Optimal Suturing Technique and Number of Sutures for Surgical Implantation of Acoustic Transmitters in Juvenile Salmonids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVERS; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; SURVIVAL; SNAKE; RADIOTELEMETRY; GROWTH AB The size reduction of acoustic transmitters has led to a reduction in the length of the incision needed to implant a transmitter. Smaller suture knot profiles and fewer sutures may be adequate for closing an incision used to surgically implant an acoustic transmitter. As a result, faster surgery times and reduced tissue trauma could lead to increased survival and decreased infection for implanted fish. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of five suturing techniques on mortality, tag and suture retention, incision openness, ulceration, and redness in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha implanted with acoustic transmitters. Suturing was performed by three surgeons, and study fish were held at two water temperatures (12 degrees C and 17 degrees C). Mortality was low and tag retention was high for all treatments on all examination days (7, 14, 21, and 28 d postsurgery). Because there was variation by surgeon in suture retention among treatments, further analyses included only the one surgeon who received feedback training in all suturing techniques. Incision openness and tissue redness did not differ among treatments. The only difference observed among treatments was in tissue ulceration. Incisions closed with a horizontal mattress pattern had more ulcerations than did other treatments among fish held for 28 d at 17 degrees C. Results from this study suggest that one simple interrupted 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 suture is adequate for closing incisions on fish under most circumstances. However, in dynamic environments, two simple interrupted 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 sutures should provide adequate incision closure. Reducing bias in survival and behavior tagging studies is important when making comparisons with the migrating salmon population. Therefore, by minimizing the effects of tagging on juvenile salmon (reduced tissue trauma and reduced surgery time) researchers can more accurately estimate survival and behavior. C1 [Deters, Katherine A.; Brown, Richard S.; Boyd, James W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Eppard, M. Brad] USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Seaburg, Adam G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Deters, KA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM katherine.deters@pnl.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District FX Funding for the research described in this report was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District. The authors thank John Skalski of the University of Washington for scientific and statistical advice. Piper Benjamin, Scott Carpenter, Jessica Carter, Kathleen Carter, Andrea Currie, Gayle Dirkes, Greg Gaulke, Marybeth Gay, Andrew Gingerich, Jill Janak, Kasey Knox, Andy LeBarge, Bob Mueller, Jennifer Panther, Brett Pflugrath, Andy Solcz, John Stephenson, and Christa Woodley of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory provided valuable assistance. Animal facilities were certified by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care; fish were handled in accordance with federal guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals, and protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Battelle-Pacific Northwest Division. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by Battelle or the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.638594 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500001 ER PT J AU Koch, B Brooks, RC Oliver, A Herzog, D Garvey, JE Hrabik, R Colombo, R Phelps, Q Spier, T AF Koch, Brian Brooks, Ronald C. Oliver, Amanda Herzog, David Garvey, James E. Hrabik, Robert Colombo, Robert Phelps, Quinton Spier, Timothy TI Habitat Selection and Movement of Naturally Occurring Pallid Sturgeon in the Mississippi River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; REPRODUCTION; PADDLEFISH; DESIGNS; GROWTH AB The pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus is a U.S. federally endangered species that occurs in the 320-km middle Mississippi River (MMR). Historic in-channel island habitat has vanished, and the extent of the population's range within the MMR is unknown. We surgically implanted ultrasonic transmitters in 88 adult pallid sturgeon (>600 mm fork length; mean = 791 mm) during 2002-2005 and used boat-mounted hydrophones to quantify their seasonal use of major MMR habitat features (wing dikes, side channels, island side channel tips, tributaries, and main channel; total of 8,629 river kilometers monitored). Distance from habitat features (gravel bars, wing dikes, and island side channels) was quantified during spring, a period considered to be critical for many fish species. We quantified maximum seasonal movement of each fish in the entire MMR with stationary data-logging hydrophones during 2004-2006. Combining data across years and seasons, we found that pallid sturgeon selected the tips of wing dikes over other habitat features. However, during spring pallid sturgeon moved from the tips of wing dikes to within about 100 m of known gravel bars. Maximum distance moved by pallid sturgeon varied the most in spring relative to other seasons. One pallid sturgeon moved through the entire study reach, and a few individuals left the MMR for the Missouri River or the lower Mississippi River. Unique flow and substrate characteristics of wing dikes probably emulated missing habitat complexity (i.e., in-channel islands, deep scour holes, and sand bars). Other habitats such as gravel bars may be important during spring, although their contributions to reproduction, foraging, and survival of pallid sturgeon are unknown. The range of this pallid sturgeon population extends beyond the entire stretch of the MMR into other river basins; thus, the population requires rangewide management. C1 [Brooks, Ronald C.; Garvey, James E.; Phelps, Quinton] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Garvey, James E.; Phelps, Quinton] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Garvey, James E.; Phelps, Quinton] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Koch, Brian] Illinois Environm Protect Agcy, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. [Oliver, Amanda] USA, Corps Engineers, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Herzog, David; Hrabik, Robert] Missouri Dept Conservat, Open Rivers & Wetlands Field Stn, Jackson, MO 63755 USA. [Colombo, Robert] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Spier, Timothy] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP Garvey, JE (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM jgarvey@siu.edu RI Garvey, Jim/A-4919-2012 OI Garvey, Jim/0000-0001-5393-9351 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District FX We thank the many individuals, both at Southern Illinois University and the Missouri Department of Conservation, who helped with collection and tracking through the years. We also thank Jack Killgore and his crew at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer and Research Development Center, for assistance in capturing fish. Funding was primarily provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.652008 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500012 ER PT J AU Brown, RS Carlson, TJ Gingerich, AJ Stephenson, JR Pflugrath, BD Welch, AE Langeslay, MJ Ahmann, ML Johnson, RL Skalski, JR Seaburg, AG Townsend, RL AF Brown, Richard S. Carlson, Thomas J. Gingerich, Andrew J. Stephenson, John R. Pflugrath, Brett D. Welch, Abigail E. Langeslay, Mike J. Ahmann, Martin L. Johnson, Robert L. Skalski, John R. Seaburg, Adam G. Townsend, Richard L. TI Quantifying Mortal Injury of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Exposed to Simulated Hydro-Turbine Passage SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED-GAS SUPERSATURATION; COLUMBIA-RIVER; FISH PASSAGE; DECOMPRESSION; BAROTRAUMA; DAMS AB A proportion of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and other salmonids travel through one or more turbines during their seaward migration in the Columbia and Snake rivers. There is limited information on how these fish respond to the hydraulic pressures found during turbine passage events. We exposed juvenile Chinook salmon to varied acclimation pressures and subsequent exposure pressures to mimic the hydraulic pressures of large Kaplan turbines. Additionally, we varied abiotic (total dissolved gas and rate of pressure change) and biotic factors (condition factor, fish length, and fish weight) that may contribute to the incidence of mortal injury associated with fish passage through hydropower turbines. We determined that the main factor associated with the mortal injury of juvenile Chinook salmon during simulated turbine passage was the ratio between the acclimation pressure and the lowest exposure pressure. Condition factor, total dissolved gas, and rate of pressure change were found to only slightly increase the predictive power of the equations relating the probability of mortal injury to the conditions of exposure or the characteristics of the test fish during simulated turbine passage. This research should assist engineers and fisheries managers in operating and improving hydroelectric facilities while minimizing mortality and injury to turbine-passed juvenile Chinook salmon. Using these data, models can be built that might determine how much mortal injury is present at different turbine operations as pressures change. Further, pressure data coupled with the mortal injury data should be useful to engineers and turbine manufacturers when designing new turbines, which could not only increase power generation and efficiency but also minimize barotrauma to the fish that pass through them. C1 [Brown, Richard S.; Carlson, Thomas J.; Gingerich, Andrew J.; Stephenson, John R.; Pflugrath, Brett D.; Welch, Abigail E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Langeslay, Mike J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Ahmann, Martin L.; Johnson, Robert L.] USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Skalski, John R.; Seaburg, Adam G.; Townsend, Richard L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rich.brown@pnl.gov OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Funding for the research described in this report was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District. The authors thank USACE staff including Blaine Ebberts, Dan Feil, Brad Eppard, and the USACE Turbine Survival Technical Team for their commitment, assistance, and oversight. This research required the assistance of many people. Ralph Elston and the histology staff are thanked for their laboratory support. Ben Tice of Tice Engineering and staff of Reimers Systems, especially Clayton Grable, are thanked for their contributions to the design and troubleshooting of the Mobile Aquatic Barotrauma Laboratory. The authors thank Scott Abernethy, Craig Allwardt, Chris Anderson, Carmina Arimescu, Evan Arntzen, Jim Boyd, Scott Carpenter, Jessica Carter, Kathleen Carter, Kate Deters, Gayle Dirkes, Joanne Duncan, Chris Eilers, Marybeth Gay, Greg Gaulke, David Geist, Allison Hedges, Jill Janak, Kasey Knox, Andy LeBarge, Meng Markillie, Garrett McKinny, Craig McKinstry, Julie Miller, Jennifer Monroe, Tirell Monter, Bob Mueller, Katie Murray, Katie Ovink, Jennifer Panther, Mary Ann Simmons, Marie-Helene Theriault, Jake Tucker, Cherilynn Tunnicliff, Ricardo Walker, Ian Welch, and Christa Woodley of the PNNL. We appreciate the editing assistance of Andrea Currie, PNNL. The PNNL animal facilities used in this research are certified by the Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International; fish were handled in accordance with federal guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals, and protocols for our study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division. The PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 141 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.650274 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 903XC UT WOS:000301154500015 ER PT S AU Godshall, SH AF Godshall, Stacy H. BE Rebello, NS Engelhardt, PV Singh, C TI Implementation Of Phased-Array Homework: Assessment And Focused Understanding SO 2011 PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics Education Research Conference CY AUG 03-04, 2011 CL Omaha, NE SP Amer Assoc Phys Teachers DE Phased-array homework; assessment; homework system AB Students demonstrate different levels of understanding of material which often coincide with how diligent the students are with their daily preparation for class. Having students attempt homework problems prior to class enables them to be better prepared to ask specific questions about concepts and to perform on exams, as well as to develop as self learners. This paper will introduce "phased-array homework" that is a flexible system of assigning homework. In addition, this paper discusses resources for students that provide a scaffold for completing this type of homework. As the name of the homework system implies, phased-array homework (PAH) allows an instructor to shape and steer student understanding in much the same way that a phased-array antenna allows for the shaping and steering of a transmitted electromagnetic signal to yield its subsequent effective radiation pattern. Implementation method and results will be presented as well as student perspective on the system. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys & Nucl Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Godshall, SH (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys & Nucl Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0990-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1413 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1063/1.3679986 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA BZE76 UT WOS:000301281300006 ER PT J AU Hulshof, CM Stegen, JC Swenson, NG Enquist, CAF Enquist, BJ AF Hulshof, Catherine M. Stegen, James C. Swenson, Nathan G. Enquist, Carolyn A. F. Enquist, Brian J. TI Interannual variability of growth and reproduction in Bursera simaruba: the role of allometry and resource variability SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allocation; allometry; Bursera simaruba; Costa Rica; life history theory; tropical dry forest ID TROPICAL FORESTS; DRY-FOREST; PLANTS; COSTS; FRUIT; SIZE; ALLOCATION; RESPONSES; TREE; POPULATIONS AB Plants are expected to differentially allocate resources to reproduction, growth, and survival in order to maximize overall fitness. Life history theory predicts that the allocation of resources to reproduction should occur at the expense of vegetative growth. Although it is known that both organism size and resource availability can influence life history traits, few studies have addressed how size dependencies of growth and reproduction and variation in resource supply jointly affect the coupling between growth and reproduction. In order to understand the relationship between growth and reproduction in the context of resource variability, we utilize a long-term observational data set consisting of 670 individual trees over a 10-year period within a local population of Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. We (1) quantify the functional form and variability in the growth-reproduction relationship at the population and individual-tree level and (2) develop a theoretical framework to understand the allometric dependence of growth and reproduction. Our findings suggest that the differential responses of allometric growth and reproduction to resource availability, both between years and between microsites, underlie the apparent relationship between growth and reproduction. Finally, we offer an alternative approach for quantifying the relationship between growth and reproduction that accounts for variation in allometries. C1 [Hulshof, Catherine M.; Enquist, Brian J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stegen, James C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Swenson, Nathan G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] USA, Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Enquist, Carolyn A. F.] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Enquist, Brian J.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Enquist, Brian J.] Conservat Int, Trop Ecol Assessment & Monitoring TEAM Initiat, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. RP Hulshof, CM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM hulshof@email.arizona.edu RI Swenson, Nathan/A-3514-2012; Stegen, James/Q-3078-2016; OI Swenson, Nathan/0000-0003-3819-9767; Stegen, James/0000-0001-9135-7424; Enquist, Brian/0000-0002-6124-7096; Hulshof, Catherine/0000-0002-2200-8076 FU NSF [DBI-0906005, DBI-0805618]; TEAM from Conservation International; NSF ATB [DEB-0133974] FX Warm thanks to D. Venable, T. Huxman, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable and enlightening comments. We also thank G. C. Stevens for providing his impressive original data set; without it this study would not have been possible. C. M. Hulshof was supported by a NSF Graduate Diversity Fellowship and partially supported by a TEAM fellowship to B. J. Enquist from Conservation International. J. C. Stegen was supported by a NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Bioinformatics (DBI-0906005). N. G. Swenson was supported by a NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Bioinformatics (DBI-0805618). B. J. Enquist was supported by an NSF ATB award (DEB-0133974). NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 1 BP 180 EP 190 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915AU UT WOS:000301996100020 PM 22486098 ER PT J AU Bush, SE Robbins, RG AF Bush, Sarah E. Robbins, Richard G. TI New host and locality records for Ixodes simplex Neumann and Ixodes vespertilionis Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) from bats (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) in southern China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes simplex; Ixodes vespertilionis; ectoparasite; Chiroptera; Guizhou Province; Guangxi Autonomous Region; China ID SIPHONAPTERA; CHECKLIST; VIETNAM; MAMMALS; TICKS AB Between September 2004 and May 2007, 430 bats were examined for ectoparasites in southern China's Guizhou Province and Guangxi Autonomous Region. Ticks were found on 16 individuals from 6 bat species belonging to the families Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae. The tick Ixodes simplex Neumann was found on two species of vespertilionid bats, and Ixodes vespertilionis Koch was found on one species of hipposiderid and three species of rhinolophid bats. Five of the host records appear to be new, as are all the locality records for I. simplex in Guizhou Province and I. vespertilionis in the Guangxi Autonomous Region. C1 [Bush, Sarah E.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Robbins, Richard G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bush, SE (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM bush@biology.utah.edu; richard.robbins@osd.mil FU NSF [DEB-0344430, 0743491] FX We thank D. H. Clayton, J. Eger, B. Lim, A. T. Peterson and R. Brown for various forms of assistance. This work was supported by NSF grants DEB-0344430 and 0743491. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0164-7954 EI 1945-3892 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1080/01647954.2011.569509 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 913ZQ UT WOS:000301916600001 ER PT J AU Rushing, JF White, TD Brown, ER Garg, N AF Rushing, John F. White, Thomas D. Brown, E. Ray Garg, Navneet TI Criteria for using the Superpave gyratory compactor to design airport HMA mixtures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE HMA compaction; asphalt mix design; Superpave gyratory compactor; Marshall mix design; airport pavement AB Asphalt concrete pavements for commercial airport applications in the USA are constructed according to guidelines in Item P-401, 'Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements', Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular 150/5370-10E. Item P-401 specifies the material characteristics and construction requirements for airport asphalt pavements, but does not currently provide guidance for using the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) in the preparation of specimens used in the design of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Nearly all state departments of transportation in the USA use the SGC along with the Superpave mix design procedure. Since most HMA mixes are used in roadways, many asphalt contractors no longer maintain expertise and equipment for conducting the Marshall mix design procedure currently used by the FAA. The lack of contractors familiar with the Marshall method may become a significant problem for the FAA in the future. This paper describes a laboratory study of the HMA mix design for airport pavements, which uses the SGC. The purpose of the study was to determine the number of gyrations with the SGC needed to design asphalt pavement mixtures for airports. A value of 70 gyrations is recommended for further evaluations based on the comparisons of volumetric measurements of HMA mixture specimens compacted using Marshall compaction with specimens from the same mixture compacted using Superpave gyratory compaction. C1 [Rushing, John F.; Brown, E. Ray] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [White, Thomas D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Garg, Navneet] FAA, Airport Technol R&D Branch, William J Hughes Tech Ctr, Airport, NJ 08405 USA. RP Rushing, JF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD GM A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM john.f.rushing@usace.army.mil; tdwhite@cee.msstate.edu; ray.brown@usace.army.mil; navneet.garg@faa.gov FU FAA Airport Technology Research and Development Branch Under The FAA-ERDC FX The work described in this paper was supported by The FAA Airport Technology Research and Development Branch Under The FAA-ERDC Interagency Agreement. The contents of the paper reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented within. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the FAA. The paper does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Permission to publish was granted by Director, Geotechnical & Structures Laboratory, ERDC. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1029-8436 J9 INT J PAVEMENT ENG JI Int. J. Pavement Eng. PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1080/10298436.2011.617443 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 912KS UT WOS:000301797500004 ER PT J AU Baum, BJ AF Baum, Bruce J. TI The gene as a drug: exploring the possibilities with salivary glands SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharmacological-Society CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacolog Soc C1 [Baum, Bruce J.] NIDCR, Gene Transfer Sect, NIH, USA, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2012 VL 118 SU 1 BP 3P EP 3P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 913MY UT WOS:000301883300009 ER PT J AU Wang, P Beck, TM AF Wang, Ping Beck, Tanya M. TI Morphodynamics of an anthropogenically altered dual-inlet system: John's Pass and Blind Pass, west-central Florida, USA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal morphodynamics; nearshore sediment transport; barrier islands; tidal inlets; ebb tidal delta; flood tidal delta; tides; waves; Florida ID RANDOM WAVE TRANSFORMATION; LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; ENERGY-BALANCE-EQUATION; EBB-TIDAL DELTA; SURF-ZONE; FLOW MODEL; STABILITY; COAST; BAY AB The morphodynamics of the John's Pass-Blind Pass dual inlet system were investigated based on hydrodynamic and morphology measurements, and numerical modeling. The co-existence of the dual inlets is realized by the dominance of mixed-energy John's Pass in terms of tidal prism and size of the ebb delta and the artificial maintenance of the wave-dominated migratory Blind Pass. Due to the secondary role of Blind Pass, the aggressive anthropogenic activities there do not seem to have a significant influence on the morphodynamics of John's Pass. On the other hand, the opening (in 1848) and subsequent evolution of John's Pass had substantial influence on Blind Pass, causing it to migrate rapidly to the south. In addition, anthropogenic activities had much more influence on the morphodynamics of the secondary Blind Pass than that of the dominating John's Pass. Results from numerical modeling provide a semi-quantitative understanding of the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of John's Pass and Blind Pass in association with cold front passages, which have substantial influences on inlet morphology. Two large eddies are modeled from the interactions between the southward longshore current and John's Pass ebb and flood flow, respectively. These eddies are closely related to the morphodynamics of the channel margin linear bar and longshore transport divergence at the downdrift side. Both are key features of a mixed-energy inlet. The shallow water and wave-breaking-induced longshore current and elevated sediment suspension along the ebb delta terminal lobe provide the pathway for sediment bypassing. The morphodynamics of Blind Pass are dominated by wave forcing. The weak ebb jet is not capable of forming a sizable ebb delta and tends to be deflected by the strong longshore current, causing elevated longshore transport along the downdrift beach. The 90-degree turn of the inlet, which is common for wave-dominated migratory inlets, results in weak ebb flushing along the updrift (north) side of the inlet, and is responsible for the alongshore migration of the inlet before the artificial stabilization and sedimentation along the northern side of the inlet following stabilization. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Ping] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Beck, Tanya M.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM pwang@usf.edu FU US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC); Pinellas County Florida; University of South Florida FX This study was supported by US Army Engineer Research and Development Center's (ERDC) Coastal Inlet Research Program (CIRP), Pinellas County Florida, and the University of South Florida. Permission was granted by Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to publish this information. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 291 BP 162 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.06.001 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 910GQ UT WOS:000301625600013 ER PT J AU Garciano, LO Upadhyaya, SK Jahn, BR Jones, RA AF Garciano, L. O. Upadhyaya, S. K. Jahn, B. R. Jones, R. A. TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENTED PORTABLE SOIL TEST DEVICE THAT MEASURES SHEAR, SINKAGE, AND FRICTION PARAMETERS OF SOIL IN SITU SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cone index; Cone penetrometer; Instrumented portable soil test device; Soil-metal friction; Soil shear properties ID PREDICTION; TRACTION AB The objective of this study was to develop an instrumented, portable soil test device that can measure sinkage, shear, and frictional parameters of soil in situ. The device is composed of a cone tip (ASABE standard small cone) that will provide cone index values with depth as well as soil-metal friction when the unit is rotated. Moreover, the device consists of a conical shear vane unit to measure soil shear characteristics. Furthermore, it is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor to monitor the depth at which the cone index, soil-metal friction, and soil shear characteristic measurements are obtained. The operation of the device consists of pushing the unit into the soil just as is done with a cone penetrometer to obtain cone index values with depth. At desired depths, the whole unit is rotated to obtain soil-metal friction and shear characteristics. Tests conducted in a Capay clay soil, which had been sieved through a 0.85 mm sieve (U.S. sieve #20) had 2.0% d.b. moisture content, revealed that the cone index values obtained using this device agreed quite well with those obtained using a commercial cone penetrometer. Failure torque and axial loading graphs obtained from the tests showed a very high coefficient of determination (r(2) = 0.99) between cone torque and cone index, and a lower correlation (r(2) = 0.53) between shear vane torque and shear vane cone index. These relationships were similar to the typical results obtained when a Cohron sheargraph is used to conduct soil tests. A second prototype was developed that was similar in design to the first prototype except that it used commercial combination torque/force load cells to provide independent measurements of torque and force. In addition to the ultrasonic depth sensor, it was equipped with an angular displacement sensor for measuring angle of rotation. C1 [Garciano, L. O.; Upadhyaya, S. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jahn, B. R.] CSA Engn Moog Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. [Jones, R. A.] USA, Mobil Syst Branch, Geotech & Struct Lab, Corps Engineers Engn Res & Dev Ctr,Waterways Expt, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Garciano, LO (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM logarciano@gmail.com FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-04-1-0116]; Small Business Technology Transfer - Small Business Innovative Research (STTR-SBIR) [W911NF-07-C0084] FX We are grateful to the support received from the U.S. Army Research Office to conduct this research (Contract/Grant No. W911NF-04-1-0116). Furthermore, we would also like to acknowledge the funding for this project through a Small Business Technology Transfer - Small Business Innovative Research (STTR-SBIR) grant for the development of the second-generation device (Portable Fully Automated Soil Property Measurement Probe, STTR-SBIR Contract No. W911NF-07-C0084 for CSA Engineering/Moog, Inc., Mountain View, Cal.). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 5 EP 13 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 915TG UT WOS:000302049700001 ER PT J AU Owen, M Mulholland, G Guthrie, W AF Owen, Miles Mulholland, George Guthrie, Will TI Condensation Particle Counter Proportionality Calibration from 1 Particle.cm(-3) to 10(4) Particles.cm(-3) SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NIST AB This article presents a process to calibrate a condensation particle counter (CPC) over the concentration range from 1 particle.cm(-3) to 10(4) particles.cm(-3) with traceability to SI units as realized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The process combines two independent steps: a proportionality assessment over the range of the CPC using a consistent diluter and an absolute calibration of the CPC with an aerosol electrometer (AE) at high concentrations. The proportionality assessment, which is the focus of the article, is analogous to the attenuation method for testing the proportionality of high-power laser detectors. This procedure tests the proportionality of one CPC by itself and does not require the use of a calibrated reference CPC. The primary calibration of the CPC with the AE at high concentrations allows for an absolute calibration with NIST traceability, resulting in a simple one-parameter correction to the measured CPC data. The proportionality test enables uncertainties to be assigned to the CPC over an extended range of concentration beyond the lower detection limit of the AE, thereby establishing measurement traceability for low concentrations. The relative expanded uncertainty of the CPC with a coverage factor of k = 2 is 2.8% over the range of about 1 particle.cm(-3) to 10(4) particles.cm(-3). C1 [Owen, Miles] USA, Primary Stand Lab, US Army TMDE Act, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Mulholland, George] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guthrie, Will] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Owen, M (reprint author), USA, Primary Stand Lab, US Army TMDE Act, Bldg 5435 Fowler Rd, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM miles.owen@us.army.mil FU US Air Force Primary Standards Laboratory in Heath, Ohio FX The authors would like to thank the US Air Force Primary Standards Laboratory in Heath, Ohio, for sponsoring this project. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2012 VL 46 IS 4 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.637998 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 912CG UT WOS:000301771600008 ER PT J AU Kaczynski, W Leemis, L Loehr, N McQueston, J AF Kaczynski, W. Leemis, L. Loehr, N. McQueston, J. TI Nonparametric Random Variate Generation Using a Piecewise-Linear Cumulative Distribution Function SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Lifetime distributions; Modeling; Piecewise-linear functions; Simulation AB The standard approach to solving the interpolation problem for a trace-driven simulation involving a continuous random variable is to construct a piecewise-linear cdf that fills in the gaps between the data values. Some probabilistic properties of this estimator are derived, and three extensions to the standard approach (matching moments, weighted values, and right-censored data) are presented, along with associated random variate generation algorithms. The algorithm is a nonparametric blackbox variate generator requiring only observed data from the user. C1 [Kaczynski, W.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Leemis, L.; McQueston, J.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Loehr, N.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kaczynski, W (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM william.kaczynski@usma.edu FU NSF [DUE-0123022]; Omar Nelson Bradley Foundation FX We thank Michael Lewis for his assistance in formulating and verifying solutions of the nonlinear optimization program. We also thank Barry Nelson for his ideas provided in applying empirical likelihood theory to weighting data values. We acknowledge support for this research from the NSF via grant DUE-0123022 and the Omar Nelson Bradley Foundation. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 449 EP 468 DI 10.1080/03610918.2011.606947 PG 20 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 906JW UT WOS:000301342400002 ER PT J AU Kaczynski, W Leemis, L Loehr, N McQueston, J AF Kaczynski, W. Leemis, L. Loehr, N. McQueston, J. TI Bivariate Nonparametric Random Variate Generation Using a Piecewise-Linear Cumulative Distribution Function SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Density estimation; Marginal distributions; Modeling; Piecewise-linear functions AB An extension of the univariate case of nonparametric random variate generation using a piecewise-linear cumulative distribution function is developed. The method is a blackbox variate generation technique requiring only data pairs from the modeler. The technique is a novel nonparametric approach to density estimation, and generating variates for simulation is accomplished without explicitly computing the estimated joint density, thereby speeding up random point generation. The method presented effectively captures marginal distributions with multiple modes. The algorithm presented uses the convex hull of the observed data as a preliminary support, then generates the first element of the two-dimensional random vector via inversion of the marginal piecewise-linear cdf, and the second element from a conditional weighted piecewise-linear cdf created from selected values of the second variable. C1 [Kaczynski, W.] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Leemis, L.; McQueston, J.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Loehr, N.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kaczynski, W (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM william.kaczynski@usma.edu FU NSF [DUE-0123022]; Omar Nelson Bradley Foundation FX We thank Jeff Robinson from the General Motors Research and Development Center for providing the data for this article and Bruce Schmeiser for his help on describing the two-dimensional empirical cdf. We acknowledge support for this research from the NSF via grant DUE-0123022 and the Omar Nelson Bradley Foundation. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 469 EP 496 DI 10.1080/03610918.2011.594532 PG 28 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 906JW UT WOS:000301342400003 ER PT J AU Ronkese, RJ AF Ronkese, Robert J. TI A 2-D biharmonic equation for the displacement of an isotropic Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic plate SO COMPLEX VARIABLES AND ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE isotropic Kelvin-Voigt viscoelasticity; bone remodeling; cancellous bone ID ADAPTIVE ELASTICITY; UNIQUENESS RESULT; BONE; EXISTENCE AB Cancellous bone can be regarded as a lattice of asymptotically small rods and plates. In this article, a thin plate of an isotropic Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic material with a thickness epsilon << 1 is considered. This thickness leads to asymptotic expansions of the displacement, stress and strain tensors, and of the change in the volumetric fraction of solid bone in the bone matrix. A rate equation describing the change in the volumetric fraction with respect to time governs the remodeling process of bone deposition and reabsorption. It has linear and quadratic terms of strain tensors and thus, its own asymptotic expansion. This expansion's leading term is used in some simple numerical simulations. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ronkese, RJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM rjronkese@gmail.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1747-6933 J9 COMPLEX VAR ELLIPTIC JI Complex Var. Elliptic Equ. PY 2012 VL 57 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 243 EP 260 DI 10.1080/17476933.2010.551207 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 909WQ UT WOS:000301597500009 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, S Boumaiza, S Sarbishaei, H Quach, T Orlando, P Volakis, J Creech, G Wilson, J Khalil, W AF Balasubramanian, Sidharth Boumaiza, Slim Sarbishaei, Hassan Quach, Tony Orlando, Pompei Volakis, John Creech, Greg Wilson, James Khalil, Waleed TI Ultimate Transmission SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIO; 65 NM CMOS; MAGNETIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; TO-ANALOG CONVERTERS; CLASS-E PA; POWER-AMPLIFIER; SUPPLY MODULATOR; DELTA-SIGMA; TRANSMITTERS; DESIGN C1 [Balasubramanian, Sidharth; Volakis, John; Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Boumaiza, Slim; Sarbishaei, Hassan] Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Emerging Radio Syst Res Grp EmRG, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Wilson, James] USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Balasubramanian, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM khalil@ece.osu.edu RI Khalil, Waleed/H-1065-2012 FU National Science Foundation [1032604]; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under the NSF Grant 1032604 and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 64 EP 82 DI 10.1109/MMM.2011.2173983 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 908RQ UT WOS:000301508200007 ER PT J AU McPherson, JC Runner, R Buxton, TB Hartmann, JF Farcasiu, D Bereczki, I Roth, E Tollas, S Ostorhazi, E Rozgonyi, F Herczegh, P AF McPherson, James C., III Runner, Royce Buxton, Thomas B. Hartmann, John F. Farcasiu, Dan Bereczki, Ilona Roth, Erzsebet Tollas, Szilvia Ostorhazi, Eszter Rozgonyi, Ferenc Herczegh, Pal TI Synthesis of osteotropic hydroxybisphosphonate derivatives of fluoroquinolone antibacterials SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fluoroquinolone; Antibiotic; 1-Hydroxybisphosphonate; Osteotropic; Bone model; Adsorption ID BONE RESORPTION; TISSUE CULTURE; BISPHOSPHONATES; PRODRUGS; OSTEOMYELITIS; DISSOLUTION; PREVENTION; DELIVERY; VITRO AB 1-Hydroxybisphosphonate derivatives of ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin have been synthesized using Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The 1,2,3-triazol linked hydroxybisphosphonate derivative of ciprofloxacin exhibited antibacterial activity comparable to the parent antibiotic and all fluoroquinolone-bisphosphonates displayed osteotropic properties in a bone model. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Bereczki, Ilona; Roth, Erzsebet; Tollas, Szilvia; Herczegh, Pal] Univ Debrecen, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Med & Hlth Sci Ctr, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. [McPherson, James C., III; Runner, Royce; Buxton, Thomas B.] Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. [Hartmann, John F.] ElizaNor Biopharmaceut Inc, Princeton Jct, NJ USA. [Ostorhazi, Eszter; Rozgonyi, Ferenc] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Dermatol Venerol & Dermatooncol, Microbiol Lab, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. RP Herczegh, P (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Med & Hlth Sci Ctr, Egyet Ter I, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. EM herczeghp@gmail.com NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0223-5234 EI 1768-3254 J9 EUR J MED CHEM JI Eur. J. Med. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 BP 615 EP 618 DI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.049 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 904BY UT WOS:000301169800067 PM 22093760 ER PT J AU Carr, ML Tuthill, AM AF Carr, Meredith L. Tuthill, Andrew M. TI Modeling of Scour-Inducing Ice Effects at Melvin Price Lock and Dam SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Ice; Scour; Navigation; Dams; Navigation; Locks; Shear stress; Numerical models; Mississippi River; Riprap ID RIVER AB A numerical model was used to better understand ice-related scour processes at a large lock and dam. Large scour holes in front of Melvin Price Lock and Dam, the largest navigation structure on the Mississippi River, present a unique opportunity to explore this effect because the scour has been so severe and well documented. Likely scenarios for river ice accumulation and passage were identified based on historical flows and observations. For all simulations, the ice accumulated upstream of the gates as observed in the field and the ice thicknesses were found to match well with the general shape of the scour surveys. Ice thicknesses as large as 5.9 m and under-ice depth-averaged water velocities as great as 6.6 m/s were observed in the simulations. By using a shear stress criterion, the rock size necessary to prevent the scour exceeded the original rock size of 0.33 m for six of the seven cases. This study demonstrates that the presence of a localized thick ice accumulation increases the potential for bed shear and may cause movement of stone bed protection sized for open water conditions. Ice processes should therefore be considered in the design or rehabilitation of riprap protection at large lock and dam structures. DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000483. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Carr, Meredith L.; Tuthill, Andrew M.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Carr, ML (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM meredith.l.carr@usace.army.mil FU St. Louis District of the Corps of Engineers; Clarkson University in Potsdam, NY FX The writers acknowledge the St. Louis District of the Corps of Engineers who funded this study, particularly David Gordon, Timothy Lauth, and Bradley Krischel. The Writers acknowledge Donald Wilson and Glen Davis, who conducted the physical model study at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center's Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory in Vicksburg, MS. Finally the writers thank Hung Tao Shen, Ian Knack, and Tomasz Kolerski of Clarkson University in Potsdam, NY for their support and mentoring in the use of the DynaRICE model. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000483 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 910YS UT WOS:000301685100009 ER PT J AU Sia, RK Coe, CD Edwards, JD Ryan, DS Bower, KS AF Sia, Rose K. Coe, Charles D. Edwards, Jayson D. Ryan, Denise S. Bower, Kraig S. TI Visual Outcomes After Epi-LASIK and PRK for Low and Moderate Myopia SO JOURNAL OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; REFRACTIVE SURGERY; KERATOMILEUSIS; SURFACE AB PURPOSE: To evaluate visual outcomes following epi-LASIK compared to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: Of a total 294 patients aged >= 21 years, 145 (290 eyes) underwent epi-LASIK and 149 (298 eyes) underwent PRK for low to moderate myopia or myopic astigmatism. Epi-LASIK was performed with the Amadeus II epikeratome (Abbott Medical Optics) and PRK with the Amoils rotary epithelial brush (Innovative Excimer Solutions). All ablations were performed using the same excimer laser system. Outcome measures included intraoperative complications, corneal reepithelialization, postoperative pain, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal haze, and quality of vision. RESULTS: Mean preoperative MRSE was -2.97 +/- 1.19 diopters (D) for epi-LASIK versus -2.95 +/- 1.06 D for PRK. Complete reepithelialization was achieved by postoperative day 4 in 46.9% of epi-LASIK eyes versus 92.4% of PRK eyes, with superior UDVA at postoperative day 1 in the PRK group (P = .002). Using Fisher exact test, a significantly higher percentage of epi-LASIK eyes compared to PRK eyes achieved 20/15 or better at 1 month (25.8% vs 17.8%, P = .031), 3 months (62.3% vs 49.3%, P = .004), 6 months (77.1% vs 57.9%, P < .001), and 12 months (75.9% vs 61.9%, P = .002). A change in MRSE >0.50 D occurred in 8.4% of epi-LASIK eyes within the 3- and 12-month interval versus 17.7% of PRK eyes (P =. 04). No differences were noted between the two procedures in CDVA or clinically significant haze. CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASIK showed superior refractive efficacy and stability but required more time for wound healing, resulting in inferior early visual outcomes and a tendency to overcorrect higher refractive errors compared to PRK. Both treatments were safe and comparable in terms of pain and haze formation. [J Refract Surg. 2012; 28(1): 65-71.] doi:10.3928/1081597X-20111004-01 C1 [Sia, Rose K.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Refract Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Edwards, Jayson D.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Bower, Kraig S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Sia, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Refract Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1081-597X J9 J REFRACT SURG JI J. Refractive Surg. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.3928/1081597X-20111004-01 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 905VX UT WOS:000301305400013 PM 21985667 ER PT J AU Allen, KS Knight, TW Read, CM AF Allen, Kenneth S. Knight, Travis W. Read, Carey M., Jr. TI Design of an equilibrium core 1000 MWt Sodium-Cooled Heterogeneous Innovative Burner Reactor SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID MINOR ACTINIDE TRANSMUTATION; HYDRIDE FUEL TARGETS; BURNING FAST-REACTOR; SCENARIO AB In this research a sodium-cooled fast reactor is designed for the transmutation of minor actinides (MAs). The equilibrium core was designed in ERANOS 2.1 and verified in MCNPX 2.6.0. The design is innovative in the use of moderated and unmoderated heterogeneous MA targets in the core. Additionally the driver fuel uses a Np-Pu-U oxide to further help reduce the radiotoxicity of wastes from used nuclear fuel (UNF). The core design improves the transuranic feed rate of the burner by 27% while maintaining low assembly peak-to-average power. All of the major core design parameters are similar to the homogeneous design and the maximum clad damage for discharged fuel is expected to be less than 120 dpa. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Allen, Kenneth S.] US Mil Acad, Dept Phys & Nucl Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Knight, Travis W.; Read, Carey M., Jr.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Nucl Engn Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Allen, KS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys & Nucl Engn, Bartlett Hall, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM kenneth.allen@usma.edu; knighttw@engr.sc.edu; readcm@email.sc.edu OI Knight, Travis/0000-0002-8517-7395 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 EI 1872-759X J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 242 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.10.024 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 903AH UT WOS:000301084800012 ER PT J AU Allen, YC Couvillion, BR Barras, JA AF Allen, Yvonne C. Couvillion, Brady R. Barras, John A. TI Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing Imagery and Inundation Measures to Improve Land Change Estimates in Coastal Wetlands SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Land change; Remote sensing; Inundation; Multitemporal; Landsat ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ATCHAFALAYA DELTA; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; SATELLITE IMAGES; RIVER DELTA; TM DATA; LOUISIANA; KATRINA; FLAT AB Remote sensing imagery can be an invaluable resource to quantify land change in coastal wetlands. Obtaining an accurate measure of land change can, however, be complicated by differences in fluvial and tidal inundation experienced when the imagery is captured. This study classified Landsat imagery from two wetland areas in coastal Louisiana from 1983 to 2010 into categories of land and water. Tide height, river level, and date were used as independent variables in a multiple regression model to predict land area in the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) and compare those estimates with an adjacent marsh area lacking direct fluvial inputs. Coefficients of determination from regressions using both measures of water level along with date as predictor variables of land extent in the WLD, were higher than those obtained using the current methodology which only uses date to predict land change. Land change trend estimates were also improved when the data were divided by time period. Water level corrected land gain in the WLD from 1983 to 2010 was 1 km(2) year(1,) while rates in the adjacent marsh remained roughly constant. This approach of isolating environmental variability due to changing water levels improves estimates of actual land change in a dynamic system, so that other processes that may control delta development such as hurricanes, floods, and sediment delivery, may be further investigated. C1 [Allen, Yvonne C.; Barras, John A.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Environm Syst Branch, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Couvillion, Brady R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Allen, YC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Environm Syst Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM yvonne.c.allen@usace.army.mil FU US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District Office; US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center FX Continuing support during this analysis was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District Office, and the US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center. Thoughtful reviews by Greg Steyer (US Geological Survey), Guerry Holm (Louisiana State University), Sally Yost, and Molly Reif (both of US Army Corps of Engineers) greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9437-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 898VW UT WOS:000300771500014 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, S Nagarajan, S Ku, BC Coughlin, B Emrick, T Kumar, J Nagarajan, R AF Ravichandran, Sethumadhavan Nagarajan, Subhalakshmi Ku, Bon Choel Coughlin, Bryan Emrick, Todd Kumar, Jayant Nagarajan, Ramaswamy TI Halogen-free ultra-high flame retardant polymers through enzyme catalysis SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PEROXIDASE; POLYMERIZATION; PREGNANCY AB Over the past few years, the use of certain types of halogenated flame retardant additives such as decabromodiphenylether has come under intense scrutiny due to their toxicity, environmental persistence and bio-accumulation. There is an immediate need for the development of non-toxic alternative flame retardant materials and fire resistant polymers with comparable or better efficacies, obtained using benign synthetic approaches. Enzymatic polymerization is being used increasingly as an environmentally friendly alternative method for the synthesis of functional materials including polymers and additives. Here, we report a biocatalytic synthesis of a new class of thermally stable, ultra-fire resistant polyphenols based on deoxybenzoins. In calorimetric studies, these polyphenols exhibit very low heat release capacities (comparable to Nomex (TM)) and form a large amount of carbonaceous char rendering them suitable for flame retardant applications. C1 [Ravichandran, Sethumadhavan] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Nagarajan, Subhalakshmi] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01796 USA. [Ku, Bon Choel; Coughlin, Bryan; Emrick, Todd] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kumar, Jayant] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Nagarajan, Ramaswamy] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plast Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Nagarajan, Ramaswamy] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Ravichandran, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Ramaswamy_Nagarajan@uml.edu FU Toxic Use Reduction Institute and Commercial Ventures; Intellectual Property of UML; US Army Natick Soldier RDE Center [W911QY-10-C-0174] FX We thank Toxic Use Reduction Institute and Commercial Ventures and Intellectual Property of UML for their support. Funding for this research through contract number W911QY-10-C-0174 from the US Army Natick Soldier RD&E Center is also gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to acknowledge Drs Lynne Samuelson, Ramanathan Nagarajan and Ferdinando Bruno from the US Army, Natick, MA, for insightful discussions and suggestions. Richard Walters of Trace Technologies is gratefully acknowledged for his help with the PCFC measurements. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 819 EP 824 DI 10.1039/c2gc16192c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 901WS UT WOS:000300999700038 ER PT J AU Lee, IC St Clair, JG Gamson, AS AF Lee, Ivan C. St Clair, Jeffrey G. Gamson, Adam S. TI Catalytic partial oxidation of isobutanol for the production of hydrogen SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Isobutanol; Butanol; Catalytic partial oxidation; Short contact time; Fuel cell ID ALCOHOLS; ETHANOL; DECOMPOSITION; DEHYDRATION; CHEMICALS; METHANOL; FUELS AB Catalytic partial oxidation of isobutanol was investigated at various contact times and equivalence ratios for the purpose of H-2 production. This reaction was studied using a gamma-Al2O3 coated foam as a catalyst, as well as a similar foam with rhodium (Rh) added. The results show that little H-2 is produced when the Rh is absent, whereas selectivities as high as 62.92% were achieved (80% is the theoretical maximum) with the noble metal present. The alumina catalyst also displays no complete combustion regime for fuel lean combustion; instead, olefins, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water are the dominant products at all equivalence ratios. Additional results from catalytic partial oxidation of isobutene suggest that isobutene could be an intermediate during catalytic partial oxidation of isobutanol. With approximately 8.25 W of isobutanol, 3.61 W of H-2 can be attained with the Rh catalyst for use in small power devices, such as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The corresponding fuel-to-electricity efficiency was about 20.8%. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Ivan C.; St Clair, Jeffrey G.; Gamson, Adam S.] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lee, IC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ivan.c.lee2.civ@mail.mil NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 2 BP 1399 EP 1408 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.09.121 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 895BB UT WOS:000300470100026 ER PT J AU Hawes, BK Brunye, TT Mahoney, CR Sullivan, JM Aall, CD AF Hawes, Breanne K. Brunye, Tad T. Mahoney, Caroline R. Sullivan, John M. Aall, Christian D. TI Effects of four workplace lighting technologies on perception, cognition and affective state SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Industrial lighting; Color temperature; Cognition; Perception; Affective state ID FULL-SPECTRUM; TASK-PERFORMANCE; POSITIVE AFFECT; WORKING-MEMORY; MENTAL MODELS; MOOD; PICTURES; AROUSAL AB Light-emitting diodes (LED) are becoming an increasingly common lighting option for industrial applications, offering superior power efficiency and longevity relative to conventional fluorescent technologies. This study examined the visual perceptual, affective and cognitive implications of equipping temporary military shelters with either fluorescent or one of three advanced LED lighting systems with varied color temperature and luminance. Twenty-four volunteers were each tested over the course of five consecutive days, including a practice session and four test sessions, one for each of the lighting conditions. Volunteers showed highest visual acuity as measured on symbol identification and color recognition tasks with LED relative to fluorescent lighting and this effect was greatest at highest color temperatures. In terms of psychological and cognitive performance, volunteers showed increased fatigue ratings with fluorescent relative to LED, and this effect was associated with slower response times on tasks measuring spatial and verbal memory. Relevance to industry: Recent increases in the number of LED technologies being incorporated into industrial lighting applications carry implications for worker performance. We provide evidence that these advanced lighting technologies can promote increased alertness and visual cognitive efficiency among workers when compared to more traditional alternatives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brunye, Tad T.] USA, Cognit Sci Team, RDNS WSH S, NSRDEC, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Aall, Christian D.] USA, Fabr Struct Team, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Sullivan, John M.] USA, Special Projects Team, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Brunye, Tad T.; Mahoney, Caroline R.] Tufts Univ, Dept Psychol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Brunye, TT (reprint author), USA, Cognit Sci Team, RDNS WSH S, NSRDEC, 15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM tbruny01@tufts.edu NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2011.09.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 904RK UT WOS:000301215400015 ER PT J AU Desabrais, KJ Riley, J Sadeck, J Lee, C AF Desabrais, Kenneth J. Riley, Justin Sadeck, James Lee, Calvin TI Low-Cost High-Altitude Low-Opening Cargo Airdrop Systems SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 20th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference CY MAY 04-07, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP AIAA C1 [Desabrais, Kenneth J.; Riley, Justin; Sadeck, James; Lee, Calvin] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Airdrop Technol Team, Kansas St RDNS WPA T, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Desabrais, KJ (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Airdrop Technol Team, Kansas St RDNS WPA T, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM kenneth.desabrais@us.army.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.2514/1.C031527 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 889LY UT WOS:000300076400038 ER PT J AU Yue, K Krishnamurti, R Grobler, F AF Yue, Kui Krishnamurti, Ramesh Grobler, Francois TI Estimating the Interior Layout of Buildings Using a Shape Grammar to Capture Building Style SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Shape grammar; Building style; Constraint satisfaction ID HOUSES; GENERATION; LANGUAGE; DESIGNS; BRAND AB An algorithm is described for determining the interior layout of a building given three pieces of information: (1) the footprint of each story; (2) a reasonably complete set of exterior features; and (3) a shape grammar that describes the building style. Essentially, the algorithm prunes a layout tree generated by interpreting the shape grammar with constraints extracted from the footprint and exterior features. The Queen Anne house, commonly located in Pittsburgh, is chosen as the exemplars of the building style. It is shown how a shape-grammar interpreter for the Queen Anne house was developed and applied to the preceding problem. This shape-grammar interpreter provides the basis for developing grammar interpreters for general parametric shapes. For the purposes of illustration and comparison, applications of the approach to two other distinct building styles are briefly described. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000129. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Krishnamurti, Ramesh] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Sch Architecture, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Yue, Kui] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Grobler, Francois] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Krishnamurti, R (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Sch Architecture, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM kuiyue@microsoft.com; ramesh@cmu.edu; francois.grobler@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center, Champaign, IL FX This research was supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center, Champaign, IL. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL). The authors would like to thank Ulrich Flemming for permission to adapt some of his figures. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments and concerns. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 113 EP 130 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000129 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 894OY UT WOS:000300437500012 ER PT J AU Dahl, BJ Spotts, E Truong, JQ AF Dahl, Brandon J. Spotts, Eric Truong, James Q. TI Corneal collagen cross-linking: An introduction and literature review SO OPTOMETRY-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OPTOMETRIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE Collagen cross-linking; Keratoconus; Corneal ectasia; Riboflavin; Ultraviolet A ID ULTRAVIOLET-A LIGHT; TOPOGRAPHY-GUIDED PRK; PROGRESSIVE KERATOCONUS; EPITHELIAL DEBRIDEMENT; BULLOUS KERATOPATHY; RABBIT CORNEA; RIBOFLAVIN/UVA TREATMENT; CONTACT-LENS; IN-VITRO; UV-A AB BACKGROUND: This literature review analyzes the scientific evidence available regarding corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) as a treatment option for progressive keratectasia. METHODS: A literature search was performed using dates from 1990 to August 2010 regarding CXL Specific areas of focus for the literature review include safety and efficacy of the procedure as a stand-alone treatment or when used in conjunction with Intacs (R) corneal implants (Addition Technology (TM)) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). RESULTS: A total of 50 clinical trials and studies were identified. 20 of which met the inclusion criteria. Results of the included literature support the conclusion that CXL is a safe and efficacious treatment for progressive keratectasia. The results of CXL alone have shown stabilization or improvement in the maximum keratometry readings, best-corrected visual acuity, uncorrected visual acuity, and spherical and cylinder refractive measurements. CXL has been shown to enhance the effects of Intacs and has been proven successful when used in conjunction with PRK. CONCLUSION: CXL is an effective treatment for limiting the progression of keratectasia, thus reducing the need for penetrating keratoplasty. CXL has a similar side-effect profile and similar risk level as PRK. Optometry 2012;83:33-42 C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, West Point, NY USA. SUNY Coll Optometry, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Dahl, BJ (reprint author), Weed Army Community Hosp, Optometry Serv Box 105109, Ft Irwin, CA 92310 USA. EM brandon.dahl@us.army.mil NR 98 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER OPTOMETRIC ASSN INC PI ST LOUIS PA 243 N LINDBERGH BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63141 USA SN 1529-1839 EI 1558-1527 J9 OPTOMETRY JI Optometry PD JAN PY 2012 VL 83 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.optm.2011.09.011 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 902BU UT WOS:000301014400008 PM 22153823 ER PT J AU Wallin, MT Pretell, EJ Bustos, JA Caballero, M Alfaro, M Kane, R Wilken, J Sullivan, C Fratto, T Garcia, HH AF Wallin, Mitchell T. Pretell, E. Javier Bustos, Javier A. Caballero, Marianella Alfaro, Mercedes Kane, Robert Wilken, Jeffrey Sullivan, Cynthia Fratto, Timothy Garcia, Hector H. TI Cognitive Changes and Quality of Life in Neurocysticercosis: A Longitudinal Study SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; SPANISH VERSION; DEMENTIA; POPULATION; IMPAIRMENT; INVENTORY; SEIZURES AB Background: Few studies have focused on the cognitive morbidity of neurocysticercosis (NCC), one of the most common parasitic infections of the central nervous system. We longitudinally assessed the cognitive status and quality of life (QoL) of patients with incident symptomatic NCC cases and matched controls. Methodology/Principal Findings: The setting of the study was the Sabogal Hospital and Cysticercosis Unit, Department of Transmissible Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Sciences, Lima, Peru. The design was a longitudinal study of new onset NCC cases and controls. Participants included a total of 14 patients with recently diagnosed NCC along with 14 healthy neighborhood controls and 7 recently diagnosed epilepsy controls. A standardized neuropsychological battery was performed at baseline and at 6 months on NCC cases and controls. A brain MRI was performed in patients with NCC at baseline and 6 months. Neuropsychological results were compared between NCC cases and controls at both time points. At baseline, patients with NCC had lower scores on attention tasks (p < 0.04) compared with epilepsy controls but no significant differences compared to healthy controls. Six months after receiving anti-parasitic treatment, the NCC group significantly improved on tasks involving psychomotor speed (p < 0.02). QoL at baseline suggested impaired mental function and social function in both the NCC and epilepsy group compared with healthy controls. QoL gains in social function (p = 0.006) were noted at 6 months in patients with NCC. Conclusions/Significance: Newly diagnosed patients with NCC in this sample had mild cognitive deficits and more marked decreases in quality of life at baseline compared with controls. Improvements were found in both cognitive status and quality of life in patients with NCC after treatment. C1 [Wallin, Mitchell T.] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Neurol Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Wallin, Mitchell T.; Wilken, Jeffrey; Sullivan, Cynthia] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC USA. [Pretell, E. Javier] Hosp Alberto Sabogal, Dept Neurol, Callao, Peru. [Pretell, E. Javier; Bustos, Javier A.; Garcia, Hector H.] Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru, Lima, Peru. [Bustos, Javier A.; Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Sch Sci, Lima, Peru. [Bustos, Javier A.; Garcia, Hector H.] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Ctr Global Hlth Tumbes, Lima, Peru. [Caballero, Marianella] Natl Inst Neurol Sci, Cysticercosis Unit, Dept Transmissible Dis, Lima, Peru. [Alfaro, Mercedes] Appl Neuropsychol Serv PC, Centreville, VA USA. [Kane, Robert] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Wilken, Jeffrey; Sullivan, Cynthia; Fratto, Timothy] Washington Neuropsychol Res Grp, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Wallin, MT (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Neurol Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM mitchell.wallin@va.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [D43 TW001140]; VA Medical Center-Washington, D.C. FX This work was supported in part by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) training grant D43 TW001140 and pilot project support from the VA Medical Center-Washington, D.C. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2727 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 AR e1493 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001493 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 894GW UT WOS:000300416100031 PM 22303492 ER PT J AU Seda-Sanabria, Y Matheu, E Fainberg, MA AF Seda-Sanabria, Y. Matheu, E. Fainberg, M. A. BE EscuderBueno, I Matheu, E AltarejosGarcia, L CastilloRodriguez, JT TI Security risk assessment of dams and navigation locks SO RISK ANALYSIS, DAM SAFETY, DAM SECURITY AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Forum on Risk Analysis, Dam Safety, Dam Security, and Critical Infrastructure Management (3IWRDD-FORUM)/ICOLD Benchmark Workshop on Numerical Analysis of Dams (Benchmark) CY OCT 17-21, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IBERDROLA, iPresas Risk Anal, Univ Politecnica Valencia (UPV), Minist Ciencia Innovacion AB This paper describes the development and implementation of the Common Risk Model for Dams (CRM-D) methodology for security risk assessments. This methodology, whose implementation represents collaborative efforts between the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U. S. Department of Homeland Security, takes into account the unique features of dams and navigation locks and provides a systematic approach for evaluating and comparing risks to terrorist threats across a large portfolio. The development of the CRM-D methodology was aimed at alleviating some of the challenges associated with existing security risk assessment methodologies. While the previous methodologies have merit within a narrow field of application, none had the desirable properties of satisfying the need for a practical approach suitable for effective application to a large number of facilities, and whose results could be objectively compared to risk results across a large portfolio. The CRM-D methodology, which facilitates the consistent quantification of conditional risk, is relatively simple and easy to implement. As a methodology intended for portfolio-wide application, this approach tries to minimize logistical burden while taking maximum advantage of existing assessments with the goal of implementing risk prioritization efforts without having to collect significant amounts of new data. Generic configurations are used to characterize the security posture of critical components within a facility, and the corresponding vulnerability assessment is conducted based on pre-selected attack vectors. By combining the resulting vulnerability, expressed as the probability of successful attack (probability that a given type of attack against a specific component will be successful, given it is attempted), with the corresponding consequence estimates, a conditional risk value for each component, as well as the entire facility, can be calculated. The paper provides an overview of the CRM-D methodology and discusses its implementation. C1 [Seda-Sanabria, Y.] USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Seda-Sanabria, Y (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62078-9 PY 2012 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BYU50 UT WOS:000300401800054 ER PT J AU Sharp, MK Matheu, E Seda-Sanabria, Y AF Sharp, M. K. Matheu, E. Seda-Sanabria, Y. BE EscuderBueno, I Matheu, E AltarejosGarcia, L CastilloRodriguez, JT TI Blast damage assessment and mitigation for dams and navigation locks SO RISK ANALYSIS, DAM SAFETY, DAM SECURITY AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Forum on Risk Analysis, Dam Safety, Dam Security, and Critical Infrastructure Management (3IWRDD-FORUM)/ICOLD Benchmark Workshop on Numerical Analysis of Dams (Benchmark) CY OCT 17-21, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IBERDROLA, iPresas Risk Anal, Univ Politecnica Valencia (UPV), Minist Ciencia Innovacion AB This paper describes recent research efforts focused on improving blast damage prediction capabilities for dams and navigation locks. The outcomes from these efforts, which are used to inform the implementation of security risk assessment activities, enhance the current understanding regarding the effects of potential attack scenarios involving explosives and assist in the development of appropriate protective and mitigation measures. These research activities represent collaborative efforts between the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the U. S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The research efforts, which were performed by the USACE Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), included comprehensive numerical modeling and a large array of experimental tests intended to represent different effects produced by explosions that could induce structural damage on dams and their appurtenant structures. Depending on the characteristics of the blast, a given structure may be vulnerable to a number of effects, including airblast effects, solid material shock wave, fluid shock wave, and bubble effects. A main component of the research efforts focused on assessment and mitigation of blast-induced cratering, including understanding the effect of compaction, influence of phreatic surface, and definition of material damage zones. This paper presents an overview of these research efforts, and discusses their application to the development of mitigation techniques for embankment dams and repair and retrofit methodologies for navigation lock walls. C1 [Sharp, M. K.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Sharp, MK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62078-9 PY 2012 BP 381 EP 387 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BYU50 UT WOS:000300401800055 ER PT J AU Gaire, C Rao, S Riley, M Chen, L Goyal, A Lee, S Bhat, I Lu, TM Wang, GC AF Gaire, C. Rao, S. Riley, M. Chen, L. Goyal, A. Lee, S. Bhat, I. Lu, T. -M. Wang, G. -C. TI Epitaxial growth of CdTe thin film on cube-textured Ni by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Epitaxy; Cadmium telluride; Cube-textured nickel; Metal organic chemical vapor deposition; X-ray pole figures; Electron backscattered diffraction; Oriented domains ID SOLAR-CELLS; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; REDUCTION; INTERFACE; HYDROGEN AB Single crystal-like CdTe thin film has been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on cube-textured Ni(100) substrate. Using X-ray pole figure measurements we observed the epitaxial relationship of {111}(CdTe)//{001}(Ni) with [1 (1) over bar0](CdTe)//[010](Ni) and [11 (2) over bar](CdTe)//[100](Ni). The 12 diffraction peaks in the (111) pole figure of CdTe film and their relative positions with respect to the four peak positions in the (111) pole figure of Ni substrate are consistent with four equivalent orientational domains of CdTe with three to four superlattice match of about 1.6% in the [1 (1) over bar0] direction of CdTe and the [010] direction of Ni. The electron backscattered diffraction images show that the CdTe domains are 30 degrees oriented from each other. These high structural quality films may find applications in low cost optoelectronic devices. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaire, C.; Chen, L.; Lu, T. -M.; Wang, G. -C.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Rao, S.; Bhat, I.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Riley, M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Goyal, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lee, S.] USA, ARDEC Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Wang, GC (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM wangg@rpi.edu RI chen, liang/L-9868-2013 OI chen, liang/0000-0002-1680-2628 FU NSF [0506738, 0333314, 0828401] FX This work was supported by NSF 0506738, NSF 0333314, and NSF 0828401. We thank Tom Parker for help in experiments. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 520 IS 6 BP 1862 EP 1865 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.09.019 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 894WW UT WOS:000300459200034 ER PT J AU Gu, XK Knorr, DB Wang, GJ Overney, RM AF Gu, Xianke Knorr, Daniel B., Jr. Wang, Guojian Overney, Rene M. TI Layered and interfacially blended polyelectrolyte multi-walled carbon nanotube composites for enhanced ionic conductivity SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Poly(ethylene oxide); Poly(acrylic acid); Layer-by-layer; Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Polyelectrolyte; Ion conduction; Electrostatic force microscopy; Lateral force microscopy ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; FORCE MICROSCOPY; ULTRATHIN FILMS; PEO; ASSEMBLIES; CRYSTALLIZATION AB To enhance the ionic conductivity in solid phase polyelectrolyte systems for lithium ion battery applications demands effective control of the phase properties. Here, we report on a strategy involving a layer-by-layer methodology of two polyelectrolytes, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(acrylic) acid (PAA) and carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Optimization of the assembly strategy revealed that undoped and lithium-ion doped stacking of four layers provides excellent film growth and improvement of the ionic conductivity of up to 10(-5) S cm(-1), which exceeds conventional assemblies of lithium-ion doped [PEO/PAA] by up to two orders of magnitude. Although ionic conductivity was most effectively enhanced for ultrathin films (< 100 nm), [PEO/PAA/PEO/(PAA + MWNT)] stacking still provides an ionic conductivity of > 10(-6) Scm(-1) for thick films (> 2 mu m). The improvement of ionic conductivity was attributed to (i) interfacial phase mixing (blending) of the two polyelectrolytes, (ii) the MWNT contribution in the interfacial region, and (iii) the preferential adsorption of lithium-ions along the carbon nanotubes. This study involved a series of scanning probe methods including lateral force microscopy, and electrostatic force microscopy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Xianke; Knorr, Daniel B., Jr.; Overney, Rene M.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gu, Xianke; Wang, Guojian] Tongji Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Knorr, Daniel B., Jr.] USA, Macromol Sci & Technol Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21009 USA. RP Overney, RM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM roverney@u.washington.edu FU China Scholarship Council; ARCS FX We acknowledge Orb Acton and Prof. A. K.-Y. Jen's group for assistance in the gold deposition and impedance measurements, and Cheaptubes, Inc., and Thin Film Devices, Inc. for providing MWNT samples and ITO substrate materials, respectively. Xianke Gu thanks the China Scholarship Council for its fellowship support. D.B. Knorr thanks ARCS for a graduate fellowship. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 520 IS 6 BP 1872 EP 1879 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.09.020 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 894WW UT WOS:000300459200036 ER PT J AU Das, NC AF Das, Naresh C. TI Nano-plasmon enhancement effect on MWIR light emitting diode performance SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Infrared LED; Surface plasmon; LED efficiency; Quantum cascade device ID EFFICIENCY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We observed a significant increase in electro luminescence from GaSb based mid-wave infrared (MWIR) LED device through coupling with localized surface plasmon of a single layer Au nano-particles. We fabricated an interband cascade (IC) LED device with nine cascade active/injection layers with InAs/Ga1-xInxSb/InAs quantum well (QW) active region. Thin Au plasmon layer of 20 nm thickness is deposited on top anode electrode by e-beam technique, which resulted in 100% increase in light output for 50 mu m square mesa device. We also observed a reduction in the device turn on voltage and increase in the apparent black body emission temperature due to nano-structure surface plasmon layer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Microphoton Branch, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Microphoton Branch, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM naresh.das@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2011.11.005 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 901KQ UT WOS:000300966200026 ER PT J AU Campbell, S Kreutz, K Osterberg, E Arcone, S Wake, C Introne, D Volkening, K Winski, D AF Campbell, Seth Kreutz, Karl Osterberg, Erich Arcone, Steven Wake, Cameron Introne, Douglas Volkening, Kevin Winski, Dominic TI Melt regimes, stratigraphy, flow dynamics and glaciochemistry of three glaciers in the Alaska Range SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; ICE CORE; ECLIPSE ICEFIELD; YUKON-TERRITORY; SEA-LEVEL; CANADA; RECORD; USA; PROFILES AB We used ground-penetrating radar (GPR), GPS and glaciochemistry to evaluate melt regimes and ice depths, important variables for mass-balance and ice-volume studies, of Upper Yentna Glacier, Upper Kahiltna Glacier and the Mount Hunter ice divide, Alaska. We show the wet, percolation and dry snow zones located below similar to 2700 m a.s.l., at similar to 2700 to 3900 m a.s.l. and above 3900 m a.s.l., respectively. We successfully imaged glacier ice depths upwards of 480 m using 40-100 MHz GPR frequencies. This depth is nearly double previous depth measurements reached using mid-frequency GPR systems on temperate glaciers. Few Holocene-length climate records are available in Alaska, hence we also assess stratigraphy and flow dynamics at each study site as a potential ice-core location. Ice layers in shallow firn cores and attenuated glaciochemical signals or lacking strata in GPR profiles collected on Upper Yentna Glacier suggest that regions below 2800 m a.s.l. are inappropriate for paleoclimate studies because of chemical diffusion, through melt. Flow complexities on Kahiltna Glacier preclude ice-core climate studies. Minimal signs of melt or deformation, and depth age model estimates suggesting similar to 4815 years of ice on the Mount Hunter ice divide (3912 m a.s.l.) make it a suitable Holocene-age ice-core location. C1 [Campbell, Seth; Kreutz, Karl; Introne, Douglas; Winski, Dominic] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Campbell, Seth; Kreutz, Karl; Introne, Douglas; Winski, Dominic] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Campbell, Seth; Arcone, Steven] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Osterberg, Erich] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Wake, Cameron] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Volkening, Kevin] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Campbell, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM seth.campbell@umit.maine.edu RI Wake, Cameron/G-8114-2014; OI Wake, Cameron/0000-0002-5961-5902 FU US National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs [0713974, 0714004]; Denali National Park Service; US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; University Navstar Consortium (UNAVCO); Dan and Betty Churchill Exploration Fund; University of Maine Graduate Student Government; Talkeetna Air Taxi FX We thank the US National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs (awards 0713974 to K. Kreutz and 0714004 to C. Wake), the Denali National Park Service, the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, the University Navstar Consortium (UNAVCO), the Dan and Betty Churchill Exploration Fund, the University of Maine Graduate Student Government, and Talkeetna Air Taxi, for funding, equipment and logistical support. We thank Ron Lisnet and the University of Maine Department of Public Relations. We appreciate significant field and data-processing help from Mike Waszkiewicz, Eric Kelsey, Ben Gross, Tom Callahan, Max Lurie, Loren Rausch, Austin Johnson, Noah Kreutz, Sharon Sneed and Mike Handley. Lastly, we appreciate input and editing efforts from Peter Koons, Roger Hooke, Bernd Kulessa and two anonymous reviewers. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 14 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 207 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.3189/2012JoG10J238 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 898QV UT WOS:000300757800009 ER PT J AU Campbell, S Kreutz, K Osterberg, E Arcone, S Wake, C Volkening, K Winski, D AF Campbell, Seth Kreutz, Karl Osterberg, Erich Arcone, Steven Wake, Cameron Volkening, Kevin Winski, Dominic TI Flow dynamics of an accumulation basin: a case study of upper Kahiltna Glacier, Mount McKinley, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; WEST ANTARCTICA; ICE FLOW; STRATIGRAPHY; CREVASSES; FIRN; USA AB We interpreted flow dynamics of the Kahiltna Pass Basin accumulation zone on Mount McKinley, Alaska, USA, using 40, 100 and 900 MHz ground-penetrating radar profiles and GPS surface velocity measurements. We found dipping, englacial surface-conformable strata that experienced vertical thickening as the glacier flowed westward from a steep, higher-velocity (60 m a(-1)) region into flat terrain associated with a 90 degrees bend in the glacier and lower velocities (15 m a(-1)) to the south. Stratigraphy near the western side of the basin was surface-conformable to similar to 170 m depth and thinned as flow diverged southward, down-glacier. We found complex strata beneath the conformable stratigraphy and interpret these features as buried crevasses, avalanche debris and deformed ice caused by up-glacier events. We also suggest that basin dimensions, bed topography and the sharp bend each cause flow extension and compression, significantly contributing to conformable and complex strata thickness variations. Our findings show that surface-conformable stratigraphy continuous with depth and consistent strata thicknesses cannot be assumed in accumulation basins, because local and up-glacier terrain and flow dynamics can cause structural complexities to occur under and within surface-conformable layers. C1 [Campbell, Seth; Kreutz, Karl; Winski, Dominic] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Campbell, Seth; Kreutz, Karl; Winski, Dominic] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Campbell, Seth; Arcone, Steven] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Osterberg, Erich] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Wake, Cameron] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Volkening, Kevin] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Campbell, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM seth.campbell@umit.maine.edu RI Wake, Cameron/G-8114-2014; OI Wake, Cameron/0000-0002-5961-5902 FU US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [0713974, 0714004]; Denali National Park Service; US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; University Navstar Consortium (UNAVCO); Dan and Betty Churchill Exploration Fund; University of Maine Graduate Student Government; University of Maine Department of Public Relations; Talkeetna Air Taxi FX We thank the US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (awards 0713974 to K. Kreutz and 0714004 to C. Wake), the Denali National Park Service, the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, the University Navstar Consortium (UNAVCO), the Dan and Betty Churchill Exploration Fund, the University of Maine Graduate Student Government, the University of Maine Department of Public Relations, and Talkeetna Air Taxi, for funding, equipment and logistical support. We appreciate significant field help from Mike Waszkiewicz, Eric Kelsey, Ben Gross, Tom Callahan, Max Lurie, Loren Rausch, Ronald Lisnet, Austin Johnson and Noah Kreutz. We also thank Peter Koons, Roger Hooke, John Woodward, Daniel Binder and an anonymous reviewer for reviewing and significantly improving the manuscript. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2012 VL 58 IS 207 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.3189/2012JoG10J233 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 898QV UT WOS:000300757800016 ER PT J AU Blank, S Saivetz, CR AF Blank, Stephen Saivetz, Carol R. TI Playing to Lose? Russia and the "Arab Spring" SO PROBLEMS OF POST-COMMUNISM LA English DT Article AB In responding to the "Arab Spring," Russia has attempted to protect its interests in the region, block Western initiatives, and prevent contagion closer to home. Since the fall of Libya's Qaddafi, Moscow has been all the more determined to shield Syrian president Assad and draw Central Asian regimes closer to Russia. But there is little evidence that Moscow is credibly reclaiming its former standing as an international power broker. C1 [Blank, Stephen] USA, Strateg Studies Inst, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. [Saivetz, Carol R.] MIT, Secur Studies Program, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, Strateg Studies Inst, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1075-8216 J9 PROBL POST-COMMUNISM JI Probl. Post-Communism PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.2753/PPC1075-8216590101 PG 12 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 900IN UT WOS:000300880500001 ER PT J AU Tsai, A Moran, S Shoemaker, R Bradley, J AF Tsai, Al Moran, Scott Shoemaker, Richard Bradley, John TI Patient Suicides in Psychiatric Residencies and Post-Vention Responses: A National Survey of Psychiatry Chief Residents and Program Directors SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIENCE AB Objectives: This report focuses on post-vention measures taken by U.S. psychiatry residencies when a resident-in-training experiences a patient suicide. Methods: A survey distributed to program directors and chief residents obtained an estimate of the frequency of psychiatric residents' experiencing a patient suicide and the frequency of numerous post-vention activities utilized by psychiatric residencies in 2008. The survey looked at the presence or absence of a post-vention protocol within a program and determined whether there was an effect on the number of patient suicides and the frequency of post-vention activities within a program. The data were compared with the results of a similar survey from 1994 to determine whether there had been significant progress in the practice of supportive post-vention activities within training institutions. Results: There was a 21% response rate from chief residents (N=54) and a 31.1% response rate from program directors (N=94). Chief residents reported 1.44 suicides per residency, and program directors reported 0.88 suicides per residency for the 2008 calendar year. This corresponded to approximately 1 in 20 residents' experiencing a patient suicide in the 12-month period. Both groups reported approximately 1 in 5 psychiatry residency programs with written post-vention protocols, which was unchanged from the 1994 survey. When a protocol was in place, chief residents reported a statistically significant increase in timely notification of the program director, process groups, therapy or counseling, and emergency leave, whereas program directors reported a statistically significant decrease in post-vention therapy or counseling. Further statistical analysis revealed a tendency for programs with post-vention protocols to have more reported suicides. Conclusions: Post-vention protocols may be developed by residencies as a need to address residents experiencing a patient suicide. Discrepancies in the reports of chief residents and program directors in post-vention activities may reflect a lack of consensus on post-vention training and education within psychiatric residencies. C1 [Tsai, Al; Moran, Scott; Shoemaker, Richard; Bradley, John] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Fayetteville, NC USA. RP Tsai, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Fayetteville, NC USA. EM abt135@gmail.com NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 898PA UT WOS:000300753100008 PM 22362434 ER PT S AU Theisen, BL AF Theisen, Bernard L. BE Roning, J Casasent, DP TI The 19TH Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition: Student Built Autonomous Ground Vehicles SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XXIX: ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIX - Algorithms and Techniques CY JAN 23-24, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol (IS&T), SPIE DE intelligent robots; autonomous systems; ground vehicles; vehicle control; engineering education; IGVC AB The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of four, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI). The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 19 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from almost 80 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the four-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participation is presented. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Theisen, BL (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, 6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. EM bernard.theisen@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-948-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8301 AR 830104 DI 10.1117/12.909520 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BYT58 UT WOS:000300178300003 ER PT J AU Diaz-Alvarez, H Mlakar, P Mckenna, M AF Diaz-Alvarez, H. Mlakar, P. Mckenna, M. TI Field Test and Finite-Element Model of a Skewed Railroad Truss Bridge SO JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Railroad bridges; Skewed structures; Steel; Trusses; Finite-element method; Field tests; Skew angle; Railroad bridge; Steel truss; Finite-element model; Engine train; Infrasound; SAP2000 AB The skew angle affects the geometry and design of a bridge in many ways. For example, skew angles greater than 20 degrees will affect the bending moment and the shear force in an exterior beam. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center performed a full-scale load test on a skewed railroad steel truss bridge at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, in July, 2007. The superstructure of the bridge was instrumented with 42 reusable strain transducers to accurately measure the structure's response to a 260 kip train engine. Analyses were carried out to determine the effect of the skew angle in that response. A three-dimensional finite-element model (FEM) was developed from the data collected during the load test. The measured internal axial forces compared satisfactorily with the results from the FEM analysis. After the calibration of the model, the results indicated that the skew angle decreased the internal axial forces by approximately 16%, which was comparable to current design practice. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000211. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Diaz-Alvarez, H.; Mlakar, P.; Mckenna, M.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Diaz-Alvarez, H (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. EM henry.diaz-alvarez@usace.army.mil; paul.f.mlakar@usace.army.mil; mihan.h.mckenna@usace.army.mil FU AASALT Army Basic Research In-House Laboratory FX This research has been funded by the AASALT Army Basic Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program. The permission to publish this work was granted by the Director of the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (GSL). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0702 J9 J BRIDGE ENG JI J. Bridge Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 17 IS 1 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000211 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 894OW UT WOS:000300437300018 ER PT J AU Cooper, G Fresconi, F Costello, M AF Cooper, Gene Fresconi, Frank Costello, Mark TI Flight Stability of an Asymmetric Projectile with Activating Canards SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA) AB Driven by the creation of new smart projectile concepts with maneuver capability, projectile configurations with large aerodynamic asymmetries are becoming more common. Standard linear stability theory for projectiles assumes the projectile is symmetric, both from aerodynamic and mass properties perspectives. The work reported here extends standard projectile linear theory to account for aerodynamic asymmetries caused by actuating canards. Differences between standard linear and extended linear theories reported here are highlighted. To validate the theory, time simulation of the extended linear theory and a fully nonlinear trajectory simulation are made for a representative scenario, with excellent agreement noted. The extended linear-projectile theory offers a tool to address flight stability of projectiles with aerodynamic configuration asymmetries. C1 [Cooper, Gene; Fresconi, Frank] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Costello, Mark] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Cooper, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.2514/1.A32022 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 891HA UT WOS:000300206600013 ER PT J AU Naito, C Hoemann, J Beacraft, M Bewick, B AF Naito, Clay Hoemann, John Beacraft, Mark Bewick, Bryan TI Performance and Characterization of Shear Ties for Use in Insulated Precast Concrete Sandwich Wall Panels SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Sandwich panel; Prestressed concrete; Composite; Test; Constitutive model AB Insulated precast concrete sandwich wall panels are commonly used for exterior cladding on building structures. The insulation is sandwiched between exterior and interior concrete layers to reduce the heating and cooling costs for the structure. The panels can be designed as composite, partially composite, or noncomposite. Shear ties are used to achieve these varying degrees of composite action between the interior and exterior concrete layers. A variety of shear ties are available for domestic construction. An experimental study was conducted to assess the relative strength and response of these commercially available ties. Fourteen different shear tie types were examined, the failure modes and responses were quantified, and simplified engineer level multilinear strength curves were developed for each connection. The test results indicate that shear ties used in sandwich wall construction have considerable variation in strength, stiffness, and deformability. The maximum shear strength of the discrete ties averaged 9.3 kN (2,100 lbf) with a minimum of 3.2 kN (730 lbf) and maximum of 18.4 kN (4,138 lbf). The ties exhibited elastic-brittle, elastic-plastic, and plastic-hardening responses. The results were used to develop trilinear constitutive relationships, which were used to approximate the flexural response of sandwich wall panels. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000430. (c) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Naito, Clay] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Hoemann, John] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Hoemann, John] Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Bewick, Bryan] USAF, Res Lab, Panama City, FL USA. RP Naito, C (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM cjn3@lehigh.edu OI Naito, Clay/0000-0003-3835-8131 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA4918-07-D-0001, FA8903-08-D-8768] FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory (Dr. Robert Dinan and Dr. Michael Hammons, Program Managers) for funding this work under contracts FA4918-07-D-0001 and FA8903-08-D-8768. The experiments were performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory located at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, and at the University of Missouri-Columbia under Professor Hani Salim. The work was conducted under a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) between the Portland Cement Association, the Prestressed/Precast Concrete Institute, and the Tilt-Up Concrete Association. The authors would like to thank John Sullivan, Jason Krohn, Michael Sugrue, and the member companies of these organizations for technical and fabrication support of the research. The authors would also like to thank the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for efforts in revising this document. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000430 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 894PX UT WOS:000300440000006 ER PT J AU Ghoshal, A Le, D Kim, H AF Ghoshal, Anindya Le, Dy Kim, HeungSoo TI Technological assessment of high temperature sensing systems under extreme environment SO SENSOR REVIEW LA English DT Article DE High temperatures; Sensors; Engine components AB Purpose - Presently there exists no way to directly measure strain at high temperatures in engine components such as the combustion chamber, exhaust nozzle, propellant lines, and turbine blades and shaft. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach - Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) prediction, which is a critical element for a blade design, is a strong function of the temperature and strain profiles. Major uncertainties arise from the inability of current instrumentation to measure temperature and strain at critical locations. This prevents the structural designer from optimizing the blade design for high temperature environments, which is a significantly challenging problem in engine design. Findings - Being able to directly measure strains in different high temperature zones would deeply enhance the effectiveness of aircraft propulsion systems for fatigue damage assessment and life prediction. The state of the art for harsh environment, high temperature sensors has improved considerably over the past few years. Originality/value - This paper lays down specifications for high temperature sensors and provides a technological assessment of these new sensing technologies. The paper also reviews recent advances made in harsh environment sensing systems and takes a peek at the future of such technologies. C1 [Ghoshal, Anindya; Le, Dy] USA, Prognost & Diagnost Team, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Kim, HeungSoo] Dongguk Univ, Dept Mech Robot & Energy Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Ghoshal, A (reprint author), USA, Prognost & Diagnost Team, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. EM anindya.ghoshal@us.army.mil RI Kim, Heung Soo /F-6611-2011 OI Kim, Heung Soo /0000-0001-7057-5174 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0260-2288 J9 SENSOR REV JI Sens. Rev. PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1108/02602281211198476 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 895VK UT WOS:000300524600009 ER PT J AU Ochieng, CO Owuor, PO Mang'uro, LAO Akala, H Ishola, IO AF Ochieng, Charles O. Owuor, P. Okinda Mang'uro, Lawrence A. O. Akala, Hosea Ishola, Ismail O. TI Antinociceptive and antiplasmodial activities of cassane furanoditerpenes from Caesalpinia volkensii H. root bark SO FITOTERAPIA LA English DT Article DE Caesalpinia volkensii; Leguminosae; Furanoditerpene; rel. 1 beta,5 alpha-Dihydroxyvoucapane; rel. 1 beta,6 beta-Dihydroxyvoucapane; 19 beta-methyl ester ID ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; DITERPENES; ESTERS; CRISTA; ACID AB The chloroform and ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/kg) of Caesalpinia volkensii H. exhibited significant (P <= 0.05) antinociceptive activities using hot plate and writhing tests in mice while the later showed antiplasmodial activity (IC50 0.23 +/- 0.07 and 439 +/- 2.49 mu g/mL) against chloroquine - sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2), respectively. Two new furanoditerpenes [rel. 1 beta,5 alpha-dihydroxyvoucapane (1) and rel. 1 beta,6 beta-dihydroxyvoucapane; 19 beta-methyl ester (2)] together with seven known compounds [voucapane (3), voucapan-5-ol (4), deoxycaesaldekarin C (5), caesaldekarin C (6), 5-hydroxyvinhaticoic acid (7), triacontanyl-(E)-ferulate (8), triacontanyl-(E)-caffaete (9) and 30'-hydroxytriacontanyl-(E)-ferulate (10)] were isolated from the two extracts. The administration of 3, 4, Sand 6 (100 mg/kg i.p) caused a significant (P <= 0.05) reduction in the number of writhing episodes induced by acetic acid and (P <= 0.01) increased pain latency threshold in hot-plate test compared to control. However, the pure compounds indicated relatively (P <= 0.05) low antiplasmodial activity. The phytochemical constituents from the root bark of C. volkensii had better analgesic properties than antimalarial properties, justifying the use of the plant root bark as a remedy for pain. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ochieng, Charles O.; Owuor, P. Okinda; Mang'uro, Lawrence A. O.] Maseno Univ, Dept Chem, Maseno, Kenya. [Akala, Hosea] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Ishola, Ismail O.] Univ Lagos, Coll Med, Fac Basic Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Lagos, Nigeria. RP Ochieng, CO (reprint author), Maseno Univ, Dept Chem, Private Bag 40105, Maseno, Kenya. EM otieno.charles9@gmail.com OI Ishola, Ismail/0000-0001-9475-6754; Owuor, Philip/0000-0002-2571-0653 FU Deutscher Akademischer Austausch-dienst (DAAD) FX COO thanks the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch-dienst (DAAD) for funding the study through the in-country scholarship scheme. Dr. Heiko Schuster of Georg-August University Goettingen is highly thanked for providing both NMR and Mass spectrometry data. Mr. Patrick. C. Mutiso of Department of Botany, University of Nairobi is acknowledged for collection and identification of the plant. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0367-326X J9 FITOTERAPIA JI Fitoterapia PD JAN PY 2012 VL 83 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.09.015 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 891EZ UT WOS:000300201300011 PM 21968065 ER PT J AU Jones, JC Burks, R Owens, BD Sturdivant, RX Svoboda, SJ Cameron, KL AF Jones, Jennifer C. Burks, Robert Owens, Brett D. Sturdivant, Rodney X. Svoboda, Steven J. Cameron, Kenneth L. TI Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Meniscal Injuries Among Active-Duty US Military Service Members SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE knee injuries; lower extremity injuries; military athletes; injury epidemiology ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MENISCECTOMY; SPORTS; ARMY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; DISLOCATION AB Context: Few population-based studies have examined the incidence of meniscal injuries, and limited information is available on the influence of patient's demographic and occupational factors. Objective: To examine the incidence of meniscal injuries and the influence of demographic and occupational factors among active-duty US service members between 1998 and 2006. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Using the International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) codes 836.0 (medial meniscus), 836.1 (lateral meniscus), and 836.2 (meniscus unspecified), we extracted injury data from the Defense Medical Surveillance System to identify all acute meniscal injuries among active-duty military personnel. Patients or Other Participants: Active-duty military personnel serving in all branches of military service during the study period. Main Outcome Measure(s): Incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person-years at risk and crude and adjusted rates by strata for age, sex, race, rank, and service. Results: During the study period, 100201 acute meniscal injuries and 12115606 person-years at risk for injury were documented. The overall IA was 8.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]= 8.22, 8.32) per 1000 person-years. Main effects were noted for all demographic and occupational variables (P<.001), indicating that age, sex, race, rank, and service were associated with the incidence of meniscal injuries. Men were almost 20% more likely to experience an acute meniscal injury than were women (incidence rate ratio =1.18, 95% CI =1.15, 1.20). The rate of meniscal injury increased with age; those older than 40 years of age experienced injuries more than 4 times as often as those under 20 years of age (incidence rate ratio =4.25, 95% CI=4.08, 4.42). Conclusions: The incidence of meniscal injury was substantially higher in this study than in previously reported studies. Male sex, increasing age, and service in the Army or Marine Corps were factors associated with meniscal injuries. C1 [Jones, Jennifer C.; Owens, Brett D.; Svoboda, Steven J.; Cameron, Kenneth L.] Keller Army Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Sturdivant, Rodney X.] Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY USA. [Burks, Robert] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cameron, KL (reprint author), Keller Army Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, 900 Washington Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM kenneth.cameron@amedd.army.mil RI Burks, Robert/J-2481-2015 OI Burks, Robert/0000-0001-6443-6653 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 893DH UT WOS:000300335300008 PM 22488232 ER PT J AU Barry, BE Drnevich, VP Irfanoglu, A Bullock, D AF Barry, Brock E. Drnevich, Vincent P. Irfanoglu, Ayhan Bullock, Darcy TI Summary of Developments in the Civil Engineering Capstone Course at Purdue University SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Capstone; Design; Civil; Engineering AB The civil engineering capstone senior design course at Purdue University involves all seniors in their last semester before graduation and is titled "Civil Engineering Design Project." The course catalog describes it as "Planning, design, and analysis of a civil project; an integrated and realistic group project involving as much as possible all major aspects of the civil engineering profession." This high-enrollment course (30-120 students per semester) has been team taught since the early 1960s and many approaches to teaching it have been utilized. Since 2001, the version of the course discussed in this paper has been taught in the spring semester with the student teams responding to a request for proposals (RFP) for local projects following the design-build method of project delivery. The proposals are submitted in two phases: (1) conceptual designs and alternatives analyses; and (2) design-build project proposal with approximately 30% complete design, total construction cost, and scheduling. The design-build proposal is the culminating activity in the course. Both phases have oral presentation components. Students are assigned to teams on the basis of factors that include overall grade point average, grades in key courses, work experience, computer software skills, and Meyers-Briggs typology. Peer evaluations, time sheets, and invoices for services are required. Since 2007, projects have had to meet LEED requirements specified by the U.S. Green Building Council. Continual development of the Purdue University civil engineering capstone course is anticipated to serve as a case study for other civil engineering programs looking to develop or revise their senior design course. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000084. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Barry, Brock E.] US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Drnevich, Vincent P.; Irfanoglu, Ayhan; Bullock, Darcy] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Barry, BE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, Bldg 752, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM brock.e.barry@us.army.mil; drnevich@purdue.edu; ayhan@purdue.edu; darcy@purdue.edu OI Bullock, Darcy/0000-0002-7365-1918 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000084 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 894PW UT WOS:000300439900012 ER PT J AU Csokmay, JM Hill, MJ Chason, RJ Hennessy, S James, AN Cohen, J DeCherney, AH Segars, JH Payson, MD AF Csokmay, John M. Hill, Micah J. Chason, Rebecca J. Hennessy, Sasha James, Aidita N. Cohen, Jacques DeCherney, Alan H. Segars, James H. Payson, Mark D. TI Experience With a Patient-Friendly, Mandatory, Single-Blastocyst Transfer Policy: The Power of One EDITORIAL COMMENT SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material AB During in vitro fertilization, double embryo transfer not only increases the probability of live birth, but also increases the likelihood of multiple gestation and its inherent maternal and neonatal complications. Data from 2 meta-analyses suggest that single embryo transfer of cleavage-stage embryos reduces the likelihood of multiple births; however, live birth rates are also reduced. In a recent study, the implementation of a mandatory single-blastocyst transfer (mSBT) policy resulted in a 45% reduction in multiple gestations while maintaining good pregnancy rates. The present study tested the hypothesis that transfer of a single blastocyst in good prognosis patients during their first assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle would reduce the risk of multiple gestations while maintaining high pregnancy rates. This retrospective analysis investigated outcomes before and after implementation of an mSBT policy/algorithm at a university-based ART center. The participants were women younger than 38 years undergoing their first ART cycle in 2009 or 2010 with at least 4 high-grade embryos on day 3 after oocyte retrieval. Patients from 2009 completing ART before initiation of the mandatory single embryo transfer policy were the "before" group, and patients completing ART under the new mSBT policy in 2010 were the "after" group. Baseline demographics were similar in both groups. The primary study outcome measures were multiple gestation and clinical pregnancy rates. Of the 136 patients who met study inclusion criteria, 62 were in the before group and 74 in the after group. Compared with the before group, the after group had fewer blastocysts transferred per patient (1.9 vs. 1.3, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups in implantation rates (54.6% vs. 49.6%) or clinical pregnancies (67.7% vs. 63.5%). The rates of multiple gestations were markedly reduced after the policy was implemented (before group: 43.8% vs. after group: 14.6%, P < 0.001). More patients in the after group had >= 1 blastocyst cryopreserved than in the before group (52.8% vs. 30.6%, P = 0.01). These findings show that the mSBT algorithm maintains high pregnancy rates and improves the number of high-quality cryopreserved embryos, while markedly reducing the number of multiple gestations in good prognosis patients. C1 [Csokmay, John M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NICHD, Program Reprod & Adult Endocrinol, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. ART Inst Washington Inc, Washington, DC USA. Reprogenetics, Livingston, NJ USA. RP Csokmay, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 1 BP 31 EP 32 DI 10.1097/OGX.0b013e3182439f08 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 891MD UT WOS:000300220300014 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Jhabvala, MD Forrai, DP Waczynski, A Sun, J Jones, R AF Choi, K. K. Jhabvala, M. D. Forrai, D. P. Waczynski, A. Sun, J. Jones, R. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Electromagnetic design of resonator-QWIPs SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IX CY JAN 22-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE QWIP; FPA; EM modeling ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; QUANTUM AB Rigorous electromagnetic field modeling is applied to calculate the quantum efficiency (QE) of various quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) geometries. We found quantitative agreement between theory and experiment for linear grating coupled QWIPs, cross-grating coupled QWIPs, corrugated-QWIPs, and enhanced-QWIPs. Also, the model adequately explains the spectral lineshapes of the quantum grid infrared photodetectors. Equipped with a quantitative model, we designed resonant cavities that are suitable for narrowband imaging around 8 - 9 microns. The results show that with properly designed structures, the theoretical QE can be as high as 78% for 25-micron pixel pitch arrays and 46% for 12-micron pixel pitch arrays. Experimental efforts are underway. C1 [Choi, K. K.; Sun, J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-911-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8268 AR 82682O DI 10.1117/12.903605 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BYT71 UT WOS:000300191700069 ER PT J AU O'Neil, EF Shen, WG Jennings, HM Thomas, JJ Cummins, T AF O'Neil, Edward F. Shen, Weiguo Jennings, Hamlin M. Thomas, Jeffrey J. Cummins, Toney TI Development of Frangible Concrete to Reduce Blast-Related Casualties SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aggregate gradation; dynamic loading; frangible concrete; frangibility index; ground-granulated blast-furnace slag; high performance; microcracking ID ACTIVATED SLAG CONCRETE; C-S-H; HYDRATION; SHRINKAGE; STRENGTH; SILICATE; MORTARS; CEMENT AB A new high-performance material known as frangible concrete was developed with the goal of eliminating the potential for lethal-sized fragments of broken concrete when a structure is impacted by a dynamic load, such as the blast force from a terrorist vehicle bomb. Based on a strategy of developing concrete with moderate, quasi-static, load-bearing properties and high frangibility under dynamic loading conditions, the investigation made use of the shrinkage and fracture properties of cement and slag binders, along with the proper choice of aggregate and aggregate gradations. The development process included designed experiments to optimize mixture proportions against compressive strength and laboratory-scale impact tests followed by the manufacture of concrete masonry units (CMUs) for testing a wall under full-scale field blast conditions. C1 [O'Neil, Edward F.; Cummins, Toney] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Concrete & Mat Branch, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Shen, Weiguo] Wuhan Univ Technol, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Jennings, Hamlin M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Thomas, Jeffrey J.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. RP O'Neil, EF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Concrete & Mat Branch, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; OI Thomas, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2897-2023 FU Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center FX The authors would like to acknowledge the long-term support of the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, which funded this work and conducted the field blast experiment. Permission to publish this information was granted by the Director of the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 109 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 888UT UT WOS:000300030800004 ER PT J AU Deng, ZD Martinez, JJ Colotelo, AH Abel, TK LeBarge, AP Brown, RS Pflugrath, BD Mueller, RP Carlson, TJ Seaburg, AG Johnson, RL Ahmann, ML AF Deng, Z. Daniel Martinez, Jayson J. Colotelo, Alison H. Abel, Tylor K. LeBarge, Andrea P. Brown, Richard S. Pflugrath, Brett D. Mueller, Robert P. Carlson, Thomas J. Seaburg, Adam G. Johnson, Robert L. Ahmann, Martin L. TI Development of external and neutrally buoyant acoustic transmitters for juvenile salmon turbine passage evaluation SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Juvenile Salmon; Turbine passage; Fish telemetry; Acoustic transmitter ID SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; CHINOOK SALMON; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SURGICAL IMPLANTATION; TAGGING LESION; SUTURE TYPE; FISH; SYSTEM AB Fish can sustain injury or mortality when they pass through hydroelectric facilities. To develop a method to monitor the passage and survival of juvenile salmonids without bias through turbines within the Federal Columbia River Power System, we developed and fabricated two designs of neutrally buoyant transmitters: Type A (sutured to the dorsal musculature of the fish anterior to the dorsal fin) and Type B (two-part design attached with wire pushed through the dorsal musculature, ventral to the dorsal fin). To determine the efficacy of the two designs under non-turbine passage-related conditions, fish had one of the tags attached and were held for 14 days to determine any potential effects of the tags on growth, survival and tissue damage. We also evaluated the attachment method by monitoring tag retention. These two neutrally buoyant tag designs were compared to nontagged individuals and those surgically implanted with current Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) transmitters and passive integrated responder (PIT) tags. In addition, two suture materials (Monocryl and Vicryl Rapide) were tested for attachment of Type A tags. When compared with non-tagged individuals, fish tagged with Type A tags did not differ significantly with respect to growth or mortality over a 14-d holding period. However, fish tagged with Type B transmitters had lower growth rates than the nontagged controls or other tag treatments. The efficacy of two designs was also compared to nontagged individuals under shear exposure. Fish were exposed to a submerged, 6.35-cm-diameter water jet at velocities ranging from 3.0 to 12.2 m/s in a water flume to simulate turbine conditions within the Columbia River basin. Throughout the shear exposure study, no mortalities or tag loss were observed. There was also no significant difference in the rates of shear injury between untagged fish and fish tagged with Type A or Type B tags. When tissue damage was assessed for tagged individuals exposed to shear forces, those tagged with Type A tags showed lower rates and severity of injury when compared to Type B-tagged fish. Overall, Type A tags may be a viable tag design for juvenile Chinook salmon passing through hydropower facilities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Deng, Z. Daniel; Martinez, Jayson J.; Colotelo, Alison H.; Abel, Tylor K.; LeBarge, Andrea P.; Brown, Richard S.; Pflugrath, Brett D.; Mueller, Robert P.; Carlson, Thomas J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Seaburg, Adam G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Johnson, Robert L.; Ahmann, Martin L.] USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Deng, ZD (reprint author), POB 999,K9-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhiqun.deng@pnnl.gov RI Deng, Daniel/A-9536-2011 OI Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The work described in this article was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Portland District. The authors thank USACE staff, including Brad Eppard, Dennis Schwartz, and Mike Langeslay, and the USACE Turbine Survival Technical Team, for their commitment, assistance, and oversight. Author appreciation also goes out to Duane Balvage, Andrea Currie, Marybeth Gay, Jill Janak, Curt Lavender, Tim Linley, Geoff McMichael, Mitchell Myjak, Jes Smart, Cory Overman, John Stephenson, Noel Tavan, Ricardo Walker, Mark Weiland, all of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory animal facilities used in this research are AAALAC-certified; fish were handled in accordance with federal guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals, and protocols for our study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Battelle - Pacific Northwest Division. The study was conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA, which is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 113 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.08.018 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 887EZ UT WOS:000299911000010 ER PT J AU Field, JJ Sheetz, KE Chandler, EV Hoover, EE Young, MD Ding, SY Sylvester, AW Kleinfeld, D Squier, JA AF Field, Jeffrey J. Sheetz, Kraig E. Chandler, Eric V. Hoover, Erich E. Young, Michael D. Ding, Shi-you Sylvester, Anne W. Kleinfeld, David Squier, Jeff A. TI Differential Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence microscopy; nonlinear microscopy; nonlinear optics; second-harmonic generation (SHG); two-photon microscopy; ultrafast optics ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; SUPERCONTINUUM LIGHT-SOURCE; 3RD HARMONIC-GENERATION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; MULTIFOCAL MICROSCOPY; COUNTING MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; COHERENT AB Multifocal multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (mfMPLSM) in the biological and medical sciences has the potential to become a ubiquitous tool for obtaining high-resolution images at video rates. While current implementations of mfMPLSM achieve very high frame rates, they are limited in their applicability to essentially those biological samples that exhibit little or no scattering. In this paper, we report on a method for mfMPLSM in which whole-field detection with a single detector, rather than detection with a matrix of detectors, such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, is implemented. This advance makes mfMPLSM fully compatible for use in imaging through scattering media. Further, we demonstrate that this method makes it possible to simultaneously obtain multiple images and view differences in excitation parameters in a single scan of the specimen. C1 [Field, Jeffrey J.; Chandler, Eric V.; Hoover, Erich E.; Young, Michael D.; Squier, Jeff A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sheetz, Kraig E.] US Mil Acad, Dept Phys & Nucl Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Ding, Shi-you] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sylvester, Anne W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kleinfeld, David] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Field, JJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jjfield@gmail.com; kraigsheetz@gmail.com; echandle@mines.edu; ehoover@mines.edu; miyoung@mines.edu; Shi.you.Ding@nrel.gov; annesyl@uwyo.edu; dk@physics.ucsd.edu; jsquier@mines.edu FU National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [BRP EB-003832]; National Science Foundation (Renewable Energy Materials Research Science and Engineering Center); Division of Biological Instrumentation [0501862] FX This work was supported by the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering under Grant BRP EB-003832 and by the National Science Foundation (Renewable Energy Materials Research Science and Engineering Center). The work of A. W. Sylvester was supported by Division of Biological Instrumentation under Grant 0501862. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 14 EP 28 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2077622 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 887ND UT WOS:000299933700004 PM 27390511 ER PT J AU Yancosek, KE AF Yancosek, Kathleen E. TI Management of Dominant Upper Extremity Injuries: A Survey of Practice Patterns SO JOURNAL OF HAND THERAPY LA English DT Article ID HAND-DOMINANCE; HANDWRITING PERFORMANCE; THERAPY; HANDEDNESS; QUALITY; SYSTEM; LIFE AB Study Design: Internet survey. Purpose: To describe current practice patterns in hand therapy to 1) gain insights into beliefs of certified hand therapists (CHTs) related to initiating a hand dominance transfer, 2) describe CHTs' clinical decision-making strategies, and 3) describe research priorities related to hand dominance transfer in hand therapy. Participants: Five hundred sixty-three members of the American Society of Hand Therapists. Methods: The online Internet survey contained 30 questions related to four categories: 1) demographics of clinicians, 2) beliefs about hand dominance transfer, 3) clinical strategies and decision making, and 4) a research agenda related to hand dominance transfer. Data were sorted, compiled, and analyzed descriptively. Results: Respondents were primarily occupational therapists working as full-time staff therapists treating between nine and 15 patients per day with orthopedic injuries to the dominant upper extremity caused by trauma. The overwhelming majority of respondents (92.7%) believed that motivation is a factor in the success of the hand dominance transfer. Most respondents (83%) do not directly initiate a hand dominance transfer. The number one reason (64%) for not initiating a dominance transfer is that CHTs believe that their patients will regain full recovery of injured hand over time. If a transfer is initiated, the number one task addressed is handwriting (62%); the most commonly recommended piece of adaptive equipment was the handsfree can opener (63.8%); 72% educate on the risk of overuse injury to the noninjured (intact) limb. Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that more research needs to be done related to hand dominance transfer, specifically related to return to work rates, interventions using virtual reality, and assessments using neuroimaging technologies. C1 [Yancosek, Kathleen E.] USA, Inst Environm Med, USA Med Specialist Corps, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Yancosek, Kathleen E.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Yancosek, KE (reprint author), USA, Inst Environm Med, USA Med Specialist Corps, Mil Performance Div, 15 Kansas St,Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM kathleen.yancosek@us.army.mil NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU HANLEY & BELFUS-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0894-1130 J9 J HAND THER JI J. Hand Ther. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.jht.2011.08.002 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 889LN UT WOS:000300075300009 PM 22037284 ER PT J AU Stanton, SC Erturk, A Mann, BP Dowell, EH Inman, DJ AF Stanton, Samuel C. Erturk, Alper Mann, Brian P. Dowell, Earl H. Inman, Daniel J. TI Nonlinear nonconservative behavior and modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesters including proof mass effects SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Energy harvesting; piezoelectric; structural health monitoring; sensor; ferroelectric; actuator ID WEAK ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; VIBRATION ENERGY; LONGITUDINAL VIBRATIONS; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE; PIEZOCERAMICS; CANTILEVER; EXCITATIONS; VALIDATION; EQUATIONS AB Nonlinear piezoelectric effects in flexural energy harvesters have recently been demonstrated for drive amplitudes well within the scope of anticipated vibration environments for power generation. In addition to strong softening effects, steady-state oscillations are highly damped as well. Nonlinear fluid damping was previously employed to successfully model drive dependent decreases in frequency response due to the high-velocity oscillations, but this article instead harmonizes with a body of literature concerning weakly excited piezoelectric actuators by modeling nonlinear damping with nonconservative piezoelectric constitutive relations. Thus, material damping is presumed dominant over losses due to fluid-structure interactions. Cantilevers consisted of lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-5A and PZT-5H are studied, and the addition of successively larger proof masses is shown to precipitate nonlinear resonances at much lower base excitation thresholds while increasing the influence of higher-order nonlinearities. Parameter identification results using a multiple scales perturbation solution suggest that empirical trends are primarily due to higher-order elastic and dissipation nonlinearities and that modeling linear electromechanical coupling is sufficient. This article concludes with the guidelines for which utilization of a nonlinear model is preferred. C1 [Stanton, Samuel C.] USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Mann, Brian P.; Dowell, Earl H.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Erturk, Alper] Georgia Inst Technol, GW Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Inman, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Stanton, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM samuel.c.stanton2.civ@mail.mil RI Erturk, Alper/B-6365-2009 FU AFOSR MURI [F-9550-06-1-0326] FX Financial support from the Duke University Center for Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences and Dr Ronald Joslin through an Office of Naval Research (ONR) Young Investigator Award is gratefully acknowledged as is support from AFOSR MURI Grant No. F-9550-06-1-0326, "Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems for Future Air Force Vehicles," monitored by Dr B. L. Lee. NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 39 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 183 EP 199 DI 10.1177/1045389X11432656 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 889DF UT WOS:000300053000008 ER PT J AU Welling, DR McKay, PL Rasmussen, TE Rich, NM AF Welling, David R. McKay, Patricia L. Rasmussen, Todd E. Rich, Norman M. TI A brief history of the tourniquet SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 [Rasmussen, Todd E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Welling, DR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM dwelling@usuhs.mil NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.085 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 871YF UT WOS:000298772900044 PM 22183005 ER PT J AU Williams, RL Sroussi, NY Leung, K Marucha, PT AF Williams, Richard L. Sroussi, Nerve Y. Leung, Kai Marucha, Phillip T. TI Antimicrobial decapeptide KSL-W enhances neutrophil chemotaxis and function SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial peptide; Multifunctional; Neutrophil; Chemotaxis; Actin polymerization ID ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE; ACTIN CONFORMATION; RESPIRATORY BURST; INNATE IMMUNITY; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; HOST-DEFENSE; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; MODULATION; ACTIVATION AB Mammalian cationic antimicrobial peptides have received increased attention over the last decade, due to their prokaryotic selectivity and decreased risk of microbial resistance. In addition, antimicrobial peptides display differential biological effects on mammalian immune cell function, such as migration, adhesion, and modulation of respiratory burst, which make them even more attractive as therapeutic agents. Synthetic combinatorial libraries provide a time-efficient and cost-effective source for these diverse molecules. The novel synthetic antimicrobial peptide, KSLW (KKVVFWVKFK-NH2), has been shown to display a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, fungi and viruses. In this study, we evaluated the alternative biological activity of the decapeptide on neutrophil migration and function. KSLW was demonstrated to be chemotactic for neutrophils in micromolar amounts, and neutrophil treatment with KSLW, after 1 min, resulted in significant increases in F-actin polymerization. KSLW was shown to inhibit oxygen radical production in PMA- and LPS-stimulated neutrophils. Future studies, to determine if KSLW regulates neutrophil phagocytosis, adhesion, and apoptosis, or examining the effect of KSLW on other mammalian cell types, such as cell populations of healing-impaired wounds, would provide significant insight for the potential therapeutic strategies offered by antimicrobial peptides. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Williams, Richard L.; Leung, Kai] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Sroussi, Nerve Y.] Univ Illinois, Coll Dent, Dept Oral Med & Diagnost Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Marucha, Phillip T.] Univ Illinois, Coll Dent, Dept Periodont, Chicago, IL USA. RP Williams, RL (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res DTRD, 3650 Chambers Pass,Bldg 3610, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM richard.williams15@amedd.army.mil FU United States Army FX This study was supported by a grant from the United States Army. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD JAN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.11.022 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 889KR UT WOS:000300073100001 PM 22197491 ER PT J AU Langston, JL Wright, LKM Connis, N Lumley, LA AF Langston, Jeffrey L. Wright, Linnzi K. M. Connis, Nick Lumley, Lucille A. TI Characterizing the behavioral effects of nerve agent-induced seizure activity in rats: Increased startle reactivity and perseverative behavior SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Soman; Seizure; Acoustic startle response; Autoshaping; Operant behavior; Learning ID HIPPOCAMPAL CORTICOSTERONE BINDING; LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES; INDUCED BRAIN-DAMAGE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY; PREPULSE INHIBITION; DELAYED REINFORCEMENT; COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION; CONTEXTUAL RETRIEVAL; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA AB The development and deployment of next-generation therapeutics to protect military and civilian personnel against chemical warfare nerve agent threats require the establishment and validation of animal models. The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize the behavioral consequences of soman (GD)-induced seizure activity using a series of behavioral assessments. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24), implanted with a transmitter for telemetric recording of encephalographic signals, were administered either saline or 1.0 LD50 GD (11 0 sc) followed by treatment with a combination of atropine sulfate (2 mg/kg, im) and the oxime HI-6 (93.6 mg/kg, im) at 1 min post-exposure. Seizure activity was allowed to continue for 30 mm before administration of the anticonvulsant diazepam (10 mg/kg, sc). The animals that received GD and experienced seizure activity had elevated startle responses to both 100- and 120-dB startle stimuli compared to control animals. The GD-exposed animals that had seizure activity also exhibited diminished prepulse inhibition in response to 120-dB startle stimuli, indicating altered sensorimotor gating. The animals were subsequently evaluated for the acquisition of lever pressing using an autoshaping procedure. Animals that experienced seizure activity engaged in more goal-directed (i.e., head entries into the food trough) behavior than did control animals. There were, however, no differences between groups in the number of lever presses made during 15 sessions of autoshaping. Finally, the animals were evaluated for the development of fixed-ratio (FR) schedule performance. Animals that experienced GD-induced seizure activity engaged in perseverative food trough-directed behaviors. There were few differences between groups on other measures of FR schedule-controlled behavior. It is concluded that the GD-induced seizure activity increased startle reactivity and engendered perseverative responding and that these measures are useful for assessing the long-term effects of GD exposure in rats.. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Langston, Jeffrey L.; Wright, Linnzi K. M.; Connis, Nick; Lumley, Lucille A.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Neurobehav Toxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lumley, LA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Neurobehav Toxicol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Lucille.a.lange@us.army.mil FU NIH/NIAID [Y1-OD-9613-01]; USAMRICD [A120-B.P2009-02] FX This research was supported by an interagency agreement between NIH/NIAID (#Y1-OD-9613-01) and the USAMRICD (# A120-B.P2009-02) funded to Dr. Tsung-Ming Shih. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 100 IS 3 BP 382 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.011 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 889LI UT WOS:000300074800005 PM 21983492 ER PT J AU Sailer, K McCulloh, I AF Sailer, Kerstin McCulloh, Ian TI Social networks and spatial configuration-How office layouts drive social interaction SO SOCIAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Intra-organizational networks; Interaction patterns; Exponential random graph model; Office layout; Spatial configuration; Space Syntax ID LOGISTIC REGRESSIONS; LOGIT-MODELS; SPACE; COMMUNITIES; INNOVATION; SUPPORT; WORK AB This paper analyzes the spatial dimensions of office layouts in diverse knowledge-intensive workplace environments based on the theoretical and methodological propositions of Space Syntax, and brings this together with the analysis of intra-organizational interaction networks. Physical distances between agents are modeled in different ways and used as explanatory variables in exponential random graph modeling. The paper shows that spatial configuration in offices can be considered an important but not sole rationale for tie formation. Furthermore, it is shown that spatial distance measures based on detailed configurational analysis outperform simple Euclidean distance metrics in predicting social ties. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sailer, Kerstin] UCL, Bartlett Sch Grad Studies, London WC1E 7HB, England. [McCulloh, Ian] US Mil Acad, Network Sci Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Sailer, K (reprint author), UCL, Bartlett Sch Grad Studies, 1-19 Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7HB, England. EM k.sailer@ucl.ac.uk OI Sailer, Kerstin/0000-0001-6066-7737 NR 63 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-8733 J9 SOC NETWORKS JI Soc. Networks PD JAN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.socnet.2011.05.005 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Sociology SC Anthropology; Sociology GA 890FX UT WOS:000300131600005 ER PT J AU Armistead-Jehle, P Gervais, RO Green, P AF Armistead-Jehle, Patrick Gervais, Roger O. Green, Paul TI Memory Complaints Inventory Results as a Function of Symptom Validity Test Performance SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Symptom validity testing; Response bias; Memory complaints ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; BIAS SCALE RBS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; CHRONIC PAIN; IMPAIRMENT; FIBROMYALGIA; SPECIFICITY; SENSITIVITY; DYSFUNCTION; DEPRESSION AB The extant literature has consistently outlined a limited relationship between peoples' subjective reports of defective memory and their corresponding performances on objective measures of memory functioning. Several variables have been proposed to explain this finding, but few studies have investigated test-taker effort as a variable of interest. The primary aim of the current study was to examine reported memory problems as a function of symptom validity test (SVT) performances in two independent samples comprising individuals involved in disability claims. The findings demonstrated that as various SVT performances worsened there was a corresponding increase in subjective reports of memory complaints as assessed by the Memory Complaints Inventory. Data also supported the previous literature demonstrating non-significant correlations between subjective reports of memory problems and objective memory functioning in those who passed SVTs. The potential implications for these findings are discussed. C1 [Armistead-Jehle, Patrick] Ft Leavenworth Munson Army Hlth Ctr, Munson Army Hlth Ctr, Dept Behav Hlth, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. [Gervais, Roger O.] Neurobehav Associates, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Gervais, Roger O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Educ Psychol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. RP Armistead-Jehle, P (reprint author), Ft Leavenworth Munson Army Hlth Ctr, Munson Army Hlth Ctr, Dept Behav Hlth, 550 Pope Ave, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. EM patrick.jehle@amedd.army.mil NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1093/arclin/acr081 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 885TE UT WOS:000299802900009 PM 22106245 ER PT J AU Carney, J Daly, JM Nisalak, A Solomon, T AF Carney, Jennifer Daly, Janet M. Nisalak, Ananda Solomon, Tom TI Recombination and positive selection identified in complete genome sequences of Japanese encephalitis virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENGUE VIRUS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RNA RECOMBINATION; NS1; FLAVIVIRUS; PROTEIN; REPLICATION; INHIBITION; GENOTYPE; REVEALS AB The mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes encephalitis in man but not in pigs. Complete genomes of a human, mosquito and pig isolate from outbreaks in 1982 and 1985 in Thailand were sequenced with the aim of identifying determinants of virulence that may explain the differences in outcomes of JEV infection between pigs and man. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that five of these isolates belonged to genotype I, but the 1982 mosquito isolate belonged to genotype III. There was no evidence of recombination among the Thai isolates, but there were phylogenetic signals suggestive of recombination in a 1994 Korean isolate (K94P05). Two sites of the genome under positive selection were identified: codons 996 and 2296 (amino acids 175 of the nonstructural protein NS1 and 24 of NS4B, respectively). A structurally significant substitution was seen at NS4B position 24 of the human isolate compared with the mosquito and pig isolates from the 1985 outbreak in Thailand. The potential importance of the two sites in the evolution and ecology of JEV merits further investigation. C1 [Daly, Janet M.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. [Carney, Jennifer; Daly, Janet M.; Solomon, Tom] Univ Liverpool, Brain Infect Grp, Dept Clin Infect Microbiol & Immunol, Inst Infect & Global Hlth, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. [Nisalak, Ananda] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Daly, JM (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. EM janet.daly@nottingham.ac.uk OI Daly, Janet/0000-0002-1912-4500; Solomon, Tom/0000-0001-7266-6547 FU Medical Research Council [G116/194] NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 157 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s00705-011-1143-4 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 886HS UT WOS:000299845800008 PM 22033595 ER PT J AU Ringelberg, D Foley, K Reynolds, CM AF Ringelberg, D. Foley, K. Reynolds, C. M. TI Bacterial endophyte communities of two wheatgrass varieties following propagation in different growing media SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial endophyte; wheatgrass; in planta; community composition ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PRAIRIE PLANTS; ROOTS; 16S; POTATO; CYANOBACTERIA; COLONIZATION; POPULATION AB Bacterial endophyte communities of two wheatgrass varieties currently being used in the revegetation of military training ranges were studied. Culturable and direct 16S rDNA PCR amplification techniques were used to describe bacterial communities present in Siberian and slender wheatgrass seeds, leaf tissues, and root tissues following propagation in either sand or a peat-based growing mix. Our hypothesis was that the resulting plant endophytic communities would be distinct, showing not only the presence of endophytes originating from the seed but also the characteristics of growth in the two different growing media. Both culture and culture-independent assays showed the likely translocation of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gammaproteobacteria from seed to mature plant tissues as well as subsequent colonization by exogenous organisms. Statistical analysis of 16S terminal restriction fragment profiles identified growing media as having a greater significant effect on the formation of the endpoint endophytic communities than either plant tissue or wheatgrass variety. In silico digests of the ribosomal database produced putative identifications indicating an increase in overall species diversity and increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria following propagation in sand and Betaproteobacteria following propagation in the peat-based growing mix. Results indicated a substantial translocation of endophytes from seed to mature plant tissues for both growing media and that growing medium was a dominant determinant of the final taxonomy of the endpoint plant endophytic communities. C1 [Ringelberg, D.; Foley, K.; Reynolds, C. M.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ringelberg, D (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM david.b.ringelberg@usace.army.mil NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 58 IS 1 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1139/W11-122 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 885PM UT WOS:000299791300008 PM 22220581 ER PT J AU Williams, LR Wong, K Stewart, A Suciu, C Gaikwad, S Wu, N DiLeo, J Grossman, L Cachat, J Hart, P Kalueff, AV AF Williams, Larry R. Wong, Keith Stewart, Adam Suciu, Christopher Gaikwad, Siddharth Wu, Nadine DiLeo, John Grossman, Leah Cachat, Jonathan Hart, Peter Kalueff, Allan V. TI Behavioral and physiological effects of RDX on adult zebrafish SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seizures; Epilepsy; Pro-convulsant action; Behavioral activation; Cortisol; Zebrafish ID PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED SEIZURES; BOBWHITE COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENETRINITRAMINE RDX; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; LARVAL ZEBRAFISH; HUMAN-DISEASE; DANIO-RERIO; RAT-BRAIN; EXPRESSION AB 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a nitroamine explosive, with common toxic effects including seizures. Here, we explore the behavioral effects of acute RDX exposure in adult zebrafish Danio redo, a rapidly developing model in neuroscience and neurotoxicology research. Overall, a 30-min exposure to RDX low dose of 0.1 mM evoked behavioral activation in zebrafish, while a higher dose of 1 mM markedly reduced exploration, increased freezing and evoked seizure-like responses (i.e., bouts of hyperactivity, spasms, and corkscrew swimming). Likewise, whole-body cortisol levels were also significantly elevated in fish exposed to 1 mM (but not 0.1 mM) RDX. In line with clinical and animal data, our study demonstrates the dose-dependent behavioral activation and pro-convulsant effects of RDX in zebrafish-based models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wong, Keith; Stewart, Adam; Suciu, Christopher; Gaikwad, Siddharth; Wu, Nadine; DiLeo, John; Grossman, Leah; Cachat, Jonathan; Hart, Peter; Kalueff, Allan V.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Wong, Keith; Stewart, Adam; Suciu, Christopher; Gaikwad, Siddharth; Wu, Nadine; DiLeo, John; Grossman, Leah; Cachat, Jonathan; Hart, Peter; Kalueff, Allan V.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Neurosci Program, ZNRC, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Williams, Larry R.] USA, Publ Hlth Command, Directorate Toxicol Hlth Effects Res Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kalueff, AV (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Room 3731,1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM avkalueff@gmail.com RI Cachat, Jonathan/B-3719-2010 OI Cachat, Jonathan/0000-0002-6504-0869 FU Tulane University; Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC); Provost's Scholarly Enrichment Fund; LA Board of Regents P-Fund; Newcomb Fellows Grant FX The study was supported by Tulane University, Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Provost's Scholarly Enrichment Fund, LA Board of Regents P-Fund, and Newcomb Fellows Grant. The authors thank Russell Riehl, Evan Kyzar and Dillon Carlos for their help with this paper, and Dr. Michelle Schultz for her help with gene expression experiments. Materials of this study were presented in part at the 5th Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease symposium (September 2010, Corvallis, OR). NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 EI 1878-1659 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 155 IS 1 SI SI BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.02.010 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 869DC UT WOS:000298574900005 PM 21382508 ER PT J AU Dorman, DC Mokashi, V Wagner, DJ Olabisi, AO Wong, BA Moss, OR Centeno, JA Guandalini, G Jackson, DA Dennis, WE Lewis, JA Thomas, RS Chapman, GD AF Dorman, David C. Mokashi, Vishwesh Wagner, Dean J. Olabisi, Ayodele O. Wong, Brian A. Moss, Owen R. Centeno, Jose A. Guandalini, Gustavo Jackson, David A. Dennis, William E. Lewis, John A. Thomas, Russell S. Chapman, Gail D. TI Biological responses in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and Middle East sand (dust) SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Particle toxicity; nanoparticles; rat; in vivo; in vitro; pulmonary toxicity; cytotoxicity; dust inhalation ID ACUTE EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA; OIL FLY-ASH; AL ESKAN DISEASE; PROBE LEVEL DATA; AIR-POLLUTION; LUNG INJURY; PARTICULATE MATTER; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PULMONARY TOXICITY; TRANSITION-METALS AB Respiratory symptoms are frequently reported in personnel deployed to the Middle East. This project characterized the respiratory toxicity of inhaled Iraqi sand (IS). Adult rats underwent a 6-wk inhalation to air or mainstream cigarette smoke (MSCS) (3 h/d, 5 d/wk) that included exposure to IS or crystalline silica (1 mg/m(3), 19 h/d, 7 d/wk) or air during the last 2 weeks. Assessments included motor activity, whole-body plethysmography, cytological and biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung metal burden, nasal and lung pathology, and changes in lung protein and gene expression. A number of metals including nickel, manganese, vanadium, and chromium were detected in IS. Elevated lung parenchyma aluminum, silica, barium, manganese, and vanadium concentrations were seen in IS-exposed rats, suggesting that several metals present in IS are bioavailable. Rats exposed to IS only developed mild inflammation in the anterior nose and lung. Silica inhalation was associated with some pulmonary responses that were not seen in IS-exposed rats, such as mild laryngeal and tracheal inflammation, mild tracheal epithelial hyperplasia, and elevated lung silica concentrations. MSCS inhalation with or without co-exposure to either IS or silica resulted in changes consistent with pulmonary inflammation and stress response. Rats exposed to MSCS and silica had more widespread airway lesions when compared with rats exposed to MSCS only. Silica-exposed rats had more robust pulmonary gene expression and proteomic responses than that seen in IS-exposed rat. Our studies show that the respiratory toxicity of IS is qualitatively similar to or less than that seen following short-term silica exposure. C1 [Dorman, David C.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Mokashi, Vishwesh; Wagner, Dean J.; Olabisi, Ayodele O.] USN, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Med Res Unit, Dayton, OH USA. [Wong, Brian A.; Moss, Owen R.; Thomas, Russell S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Centeno, Jose A.; Guandalini, Gustavo] Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facil, Joint Pathol Ctr, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, MD USA. [Jackson, David A.; Dennis, William E.; Lewis, John A.] USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Chapman, Gail D.] USA, Mil Infect Dis Res Program, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Dorman, DC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM david_dorman@ncsu.edu RI Jackson, David/E-9984-2014; OI Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301 FU Office of Naval Research and Global War on Terrorism; USAMRMC; Military Operational Medicine Research Program FX This study was sponsored and funded by the Office of Naval Research and Global War on Terrorism, the USAMRMC and the Military Operational Medicine Research Program. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of Defense or the US Government. Citation of commercial organizations or trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Navy or Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.3109/08958378.2011.647413 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 884YM UT WOS:000299744800004 PM 22283445 ER PT J AU McAllister, QP Gillespie, JW VanLandingham, MR AF McAllister, Quinn P. Gillespie, John W., Jr. VanLandingham, Mark R. TI Nonlinear indentation of fibers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NANOSCALE MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION; HIGH-PERFORMANCE FIBERS; POLY(P-PHENYLENE TEREPHTHALAMIDE); ELASTIC-MODULUS; SINGLE-FIBER; NANOINDENTATION; HARDNESS; COMPRESSION; NANOWIRES; BEHAVIOR AB An instrumented indentation method is established to accurately measure the local elastic-plastic material properties of a single fiber by accounting for the additional sources of compliance associated with fiber indentation. The Oliver-Pharr instrumented indentation data analysis method is compared for indentation of a standard, planar fused silica sample and in the radial direction of homogeneous, isotropic E-glass fibers of two different diameters. Compliance contributions from substrate deflection and other nonindentation-related fiber deflections are quantified and shown to be negligible. The added compliance observed is attributed to the lack of constraint due to the finite geometry of a curved fiber surface. This compliance contribution is accounted for by using a proposed area correction to capture the geometry of the curved fiber-probe contact combined with a structural compliance correction. Implementation of these corrections to experimental indentation curves results in accurate measurements of the fiber elastic modulus and hardness. C1 [McAllister, Quinn P.; Gillespie, John W., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [VanLandingham, Mark R.] USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Army Res Lab,ATTN RDRL WMM B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM gillespi@udel.edu FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-06-2-0011] FX QM and JWG gratefully acknowledge sponsorship by the Army Research Laboratory under cooperative agreement W911NF-06-2-0011. The views and conclusions contained in this paper should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes not withstanding any copyright notation hereon. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Kenneth Strawhecker for useful discussions in data interpretation, Dr. Joseph Deitzel for help in formulating a proper mounting system, and Dr. Anthony V. Longobardo for supplying the 10-mu m E-glass samples and useful E-glass discussions. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 197 EP 213 DI 10.1557/jmr.2011.336 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 886TM UT WOS:000299876800025 ER PT J AU France, J AF France, John TI Edward III and the War at Sea: The English Navy, 1327-1377 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [France, John] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP France, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 227 EP 228 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 875VO UT WOS:000299063500018 ER PT J AU Dastrup, BL AF Dastrup, Boyd L. TI Field Artillery: Army Lineage Series. Parts 1 and 2 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Dastrup, Boyd L.] USA, Field Artillery Sch, Lawton, OK USA. RP Dastrup, BL (reprint author), USA, Field Artillery Sch, Lawton, OK USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 236 EP 237 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 875VO UT WOS:000299063500024 ER PT J AU Neiberg, M AF Neiberg, Michael TI Foch in Command: The Forging of a First World War General SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Neiberg, Michael] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Neiberg, M (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 875VO UT WOS:000299063500042 ER PT J AU Stentiford, BM AF Stentiford, Barry M. TI Guard Wars: The 28th Infantry Division in World War II SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stentiford, Barry M.] Sch Adv Mil Studies, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Stentiford, BM (reprint author), Sch Adv Mil Studies, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 273 EP 274 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 875VO UT WOS:000299063500050 ER PT J AU Biddle, TD AF Biddle, Tami Davis TI The Allied Air War and Urban Memory: The Legacy of Strategic Bombing in Germany SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Biddle, Tami Davis] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Biddle, TD (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 875VO UT WOS:000299063500057 ER PT J AU Larsen, WI Strong, JE Farley, JH AF Larsen, Wilma I. Strong, Jennifer E. Farley, John H. TI Risk Factors for Late Postpartum Preeclampsia SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE eclampsia; postpartum; postpartum period; preeclampsia; risk factors ID ECLAMPSIA AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for late postpartum preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective case control study of women readmitted in the postpartum period (>48 hours and <4 weeks) with preeclampsia. Inclusion criteria were readmission with confirmed preeclampsia. Variables examined were age, race, parity, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia in labor, mode of delivery and. history of preeclampsia in previous pregnancies. RESULTS: Data included 51 women who met the criteria for late postpartum preeclampsia. Initial analysis revealed that antenatal preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia in a prior pregnancy, body mass index (BMI) >30, African American race and cesarean delivery were all predictive of late postpartum preeclampsia. Asian ethnicity was protective. Final analysis using logistic regression concluded that African American race, cesarean delivery, BMI and hypertensive disease during the incident pregnancy were all significant predicators of late postpartum disease. CONCLUSION: BMI > 30, antenatal hypertensive disease, cesarean delivery and African American race were all predictive of readmission for late postpartum preeclampsia. Asian ethnicity appeared to be protective against developing late postpartum preeclampsia. Reprod Med 2012; 57:35-38) C1 Scott & White Mem Hosp & Clin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Temple, TX 76508 USA. Womens Healthcare Western Cty, Grand Junction, CO USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Larsen, WI (reprint author), 2401 S 31st St, Temple, TX 76504 USA. EM wlarsen@swmail.sw.org NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 885SU UT WOS:000299801900007 PM 22324265 ER PT J AU McKenna, MH Gibson, RG Walker, BE McKenna, J Winslow, NW Kofford, AS AF McKenna, Mihan H. Gibson, Robert G. Walker, Bob E. McKenna, Jason Winslow, Nathan W. Kofford, Aaron S. TI Topographic effects on infrasound propagation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; EXPLOSION; TERRAIN AB Infrasound data were collected using portable arrays in a region of variable terrain elevation to quantify the effects of topography on observed signal amplitude and waveform features at distances less than 25 km from partially contained explosive sources during the Frozen Rock Experiment (FRE) in 2006. Observed infrasound signals varied in amplitude and waveform complexity, indicating propagation effects that are due in part to repeated local maxima and minima in the topography on the scale of the dominant wavelengths of the observed data. Numerical simulations using an empirically derived pressure source function combining published FRE accelerometer data and historical data from Project ESSEX, a time-domain parabolic equation model that accounted for local terrain elevation through terrain-masking, and local meteorological atmospheric profiles were able to explain some but not all of the observed signal features. Specifically, the simulations matched the timing of the observed infrasound signals but underestimated the waveform amplitude observed behind terrain features, suggesting complex scattering and absorption of energy associated with variable topography influences infrasonic energy more than previously observed. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3664099] C1 [McKenna, Mihan H.; Walker, Bob E.; McKenna, Jason] USA, Geotech & Struct Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Gibson, Robert G.; Winslow, Nathan W.; Kofford, Aaron S.] Raytheon BBN Technol, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP McKenna, MH (reprint author), USA, Geotech & Struct Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Mihan.h.mckenna@usace.army.mil FU ERDC [W912HZ-08-C-0085] FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory for accommodating our participation in their experiment as well as Weston Geophysical Corporation. We would also like to thank Tom Anderson, Chris Simpson, Sarah McComas, Dan Costley, Roger Waxler, and our anonymous reviewers for their invaluable contributions to this manuscript. Permission to publish this paper was granted by Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Portions of this material are based upon work supported by the ERDC under Contract No. W912HZ-08-C-0085. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1121/1.3664099 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 876TN UT WOS:000299130700017 PM 22280569 ER PT J AU Martin, RL McAnally, KI Bolia, RS Eberle, G Brungart, DS AF Martin, Russell L. McAnally, Ken I. Bolia, Robert S. Eberle, Geoff Brungart, Douglas S. TI Spatial release from speech-on-speech masking in the median sagittal plane SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INFORMATIONAL MASKING; INTERAURAL TIME; LEVEL DIFFERENCES; INTELLIGIBILITY; LOCALIZATION; RECOGNITION; SOUND; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION; UNMASKING AB Several studies have described a release from speech-on-speech masking associated with separation of target and masker sources in the median sagittal plane. Some have excluded the possibility that small differences between target and masker interaural time disparities can fully account for this release. This study explored the mechanisms underlying the spatial release from speech-on-speech masking that can be obtained in the absence of such differences. In one condition, interaural time disparities were removed from the nominal median-sagittal-plane, head-related impulse responses used to generate the virtual auditory space within which competing sentences were presented. In other conditions, interaural level and spectral disparities also were manipulated by presenting competing sentences monaurally or diotically after convolution with one ear's head-related impulse responses. It was found that substantial spatial release from masking can be obtained in the absence of any interaural disparities and that such disparities probably make a relatively minor contribution to spatial release from speech-on-speech masking in the median sagittal plane. It is argued that this release from masking is driven primarily by a reduction in informational masking that occurs when monaural information at one, or both, of the listener's ears facilitates differentiation of competing sentences that emanate from spatially separated sources. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3669994] C1 [Martin, Russell L.; McAnally, Ken I.; Eberle, Geoff] Def Sci & Technol Org, Air Operat Div, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia. [Bolia, Robert S.] Off Naval Res Global, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. [Brungart, Douglas S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Martin, RL (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, Air Operat Div, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia. EM russell.martin@dsto.defence.gov.au NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 378 EP 385 DI 10.1121/1.3669994 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 876TN UT WOS:000299130700047 PM 22280599 ER PT J AU Sagripanti, JL Grote, G Niederwohrmeier, B Hulseweh, B Marschall, HJ AF Sagripanti, Jose-Luis Grote, Gudrun Niederwoehrmeier, Baerbel Huelseweh, Birgit Marschall, Hans-Juergen TI Photochemical Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN INACTIVATION; STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY; AMOTOSALEN; BACTERIA; COMPONENTS; LIGHT; INFECTION; VIRUS; PRESERVATION; TRANSFUSION AB Adaptability to a broad range of environments together with relatively high resistance to antibiotics and to disinfectants makes Pseudomonas aeruginosa a concern in hospitals and in public health. We investigated whether UVA-mediated photochemical inactivation of P. aeruginosa could be accomplished with high efficiency while at the same time preserving the sensitivity of subsequent diagnostic tests. We characterized dose responses and bactericidal kinetic rates of 5-iodonaphthyl 1-azide (INA) and of amotosalen (AMO) as these substances exposed to UVA are known to inactivate germs with minimal impact to blood products or to viral antigens. Neither UVA without photochemicals nor INA or AMO in the dark inactivated bacteria. We found that AMO was ca 1000-fold more effective in inactivating P. aeruginosa cells than INA under similar conditions. Photoinactivation with either INA or AMO at conditions that abolished bacterial infectivity did not impair polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. For comparison, similar titers of Bacillus atrophaeus spores (a surrogate for B. anthracis) remained unaffected at conditions that reduced the survival of P. aeruginosa below detection levels. The results presented in this study should assist in improved methods to inactivate P. aeruginosa in environmental, clinical and forensic samples without impairing subsequent nucleic acid- or immune-based analysis. C1 [Sagripanti, Jose-Luis] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. [Grote, Gudrun; Niederwoehrmeier, Baerbel; Marschall, Hans-Juergen] ABC Schutz WIS, Wehrwissensch Inst Schutztechnologien, Munster, Germany. RP Sagripanti, JL (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. EM joseluis.sagripanti@us.army.mil NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01029.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 871LU UT WOS:000298740400026 PM 22053910 ER PT J AU Coyne, KS Margolis, MK Bradley, LD Guido, R Maxwell, GL Spies, JB AF Coyne, Karin S. Margolis, Mary Kay Bradley, Linda D. Guido, Richard Maxwell, G. Larry Spies, James B. TI Further Validation of the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality-of-Life Questionnaire SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Article DE health-related quality of life; Patient-reported outcomes; Symptoms; Uterine fibroids ID ARTERY EMBOLIZATION; UFS-QOL; LEIOMYOMATA; OUTCOMES; TRIAL AB Objective: To further examine the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the uterine fibroid symptom and quality-of-life (UFS-QOL) questionnaire among women with and without uterine fibroids. Methods: A multicenter, non-randomized, prospective study was conducted with women undergoing treatment for uterine fibroids (fibroid treatment group [FTG]) and normal controls (normal control group [NCG]). Women in the FTG were recruited when they were scheduled for treatment; women in the NCG were recruited during their annual exam. Participants completed the UFS-QOL and a short form 36 health survey (SF-36) at enrollment and at 6 and 12 months. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, Spearman's correlations, t tests, and general linear models were used to analyze the internal consistency and test-retest reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity, and responsiveness of the UFS-QOL. Results: There were 89 NCG and 234 FTG women who completed the study. Mean age was 43.1 years for FTG and 40.8 for NCG (P < 0.001). The FTG reported significantly greater symptom severity and worse health-related quality of life (HRQL) than the NCG (all UFS-QOL subscales P < 0.001). The UFS-QOL subscales were significantly correlated in the expected direction and magnitude with each SF-36 subscale in the FTG, indicating acceptable concurrent validity. Cronbach's alphas were 0.73 to 0.97, reflecting adequate internal consistency. Each UFS-QOL subscale was responsive to changes after treatment in the FTG with effect sizes ranging between 1.1 and -2.35. The UFS-QOL remained stable in the NCG during the 1 year follow-up. Conclusion: The UFS-QOL is a valid and reliable measure to assess symptoms and HRQL in women with uterine fibroids and is highly responsive to treatment-related changes. C1 [Coyne, Karin S.] United BioSource Corp, Outcomes Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bradley, Linda D.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Guido, Richard] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Maxwell, G. Larry] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Spies, James B.] Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Coyne, KS (reprint author), United BioSource Corp, Outcomes Res, 7101 Wisconsin Ave,Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM karin.coyne@unitedbiosource.com FU US Army (USARMC) [A-12818.2b] FX This study was supported by a grant from the US Army (USARMC Contract Number A-12818.2b Gynecologic Disease Program). NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jval.2011.07.007 PG 8 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 879GU UT WOS:000299318500016 PM 22264981 ER PT J AU Daddis, GA AF Daddis, Gregory A. TI The Problem of Metrics: Assessing Progress and Effectiveness in the Vietnam War SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Body count; counter-insurgency; metrics; military effectiveness; strategy; Vietnam War AB During the Vietnam War the complex nature of fighting an insurgency posed significant problems for US Army officers attempting to measure progress and military effectiveness. While much of the Vietnam historiography maintains that 'body counts' served as the primary, if not only, indicator of wartime success, such arguments overlook the vast numbers of reports attempting to measure progress and performance. Problems in evaluating progress stemmed not from a lack of effort on the part of army officers or from a single-minded commitment to counting bodies. Rather, complications arose from attempting to collect too many facts, figures, and statistics without evaluating how accurately such data reflected progress in a complex political-military environment. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Hist, New York, NY 10996 USA. RP Daddis, GA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Hist, New York, NY 10996 USA. EM gregory.daddis@usma.edu NR 110 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 73 EP 98 DI 10.1177/0968344511422312 PG 26 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 884VN UT WOS:000299737000004 ER PT J AU Mudge, CR Bultemeier, BW Haller, WT AF Mudge, Christopher R. Bultemeier, Brett W. Haller, William T. TI The Influence of pH and Light on Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll after Exposure to Flumioxazin SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aquatic; chlorophyll; dissolved oxygen; herbicide; invasive species; photosynthesis; water quality ID PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; HYDROLYSIS; FLURIDONE; HERBICIDES; ENDOTHALL; PREPLANT AB Flumioxazin has recently (2010) been registered for aquatic use for control of hydrilla and other noxious invasive aquatic plant species. Due to the rapid degradation of flumioxazin, especially in high pH water, some hydrilla research trials have produced less than desirable results with rapid plant regrowth. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of pH on flumioxazin's effect on photosynthesis. Flumioxazin applied at concentrations >= 200 mu g ai L-1 in high (9.0) pH water and >= 100 mu g L-1 in low (6.0) pH water required 68 to 123 h to reduce photosynthesis by 50% (ET50). The effect of 400 mu g L-1 flumioxazin on photosynthesis of apical hydrilla tips was also compared at low (20 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), medium (170 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)), and high (400 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) light levels at pH 9.0. Low light treated tips were still photosynthetic at approximately 73% of the nontreated control plants 168 h after treatment. Low light treated hydrilla required an estimated 303 h to achieve a 50% reduction in photosynthesis, while high light plants only required 99 h. Chlorophyll content of hydrilla was reduced as flumioxazin concentration was increased from 100 to 1,600 mu g L-1. These data indicate that flumioxazin activity on hydrilla photosynthesis is influenced by herbicide concentration, water pH, and light intensity. C1 [Mudge, Christopher R.; Bultemeier, Brett W.; Haller, William T.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mudge, CR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Christopher.R.Mudge@usace.army.mil FU Valent U.S.A. Corporation; Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation FX The authors thank Valent U.S.A. Corporation for proving product and partial funding of this research as well as the Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation for providing partial funding. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1614/WS-D-11-00071.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 883XM UT WOS:000299668200002 ER PT J AU Kenefick, RW Cheuvront, SN Elliott, LD Ely, BR Sawka, MN AF Kenefick, Robert W. Cheuvront, Samuel N. Elliott, Leonard D. Ely, Brett R. Sawka, Michael N. TI Biological and analytical variation of the human sweating response: implications for study design and analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sweating rate; reproducibility; exercise-heat stress; sweating onset ID CUTANEOUS BLOOD-FLOW; HEAT-STRESS; CORE TEMPERATURE; EXERCISE; REPRODUCIBILITY; ACCLIMATION; ENVIRONMENTS; SENSITIVITY; STATISTICS; THRESHOLD AB Kenefick RW, Cheuvront SN, Elliott LD, Ely BR, Sawka MN. Biological and analytical variation of the human sweating response: implications for study design and analysis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R252-R258, 2012. First published November 9, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00456.2011.-Appropriate quantification of analytical and biological variation of thermoregulatory sweating has important practical utility for research design and statistical analysis. We sought to examine contributors to variability in local forearm sweating rate (SR) and sweating onset (SO) and to evaluate the potential for using bilateral measurements. Two women and eight men (26 +/- 9 yr; 79 +/- 12 kg) completed 5 days of heat acclimation and walked (1.8 l/min (V) over dotO(2)) on three occasions for 30 min in 40 degrees C, 20% RH, while local SR and SO were measured. Local SR measures among days were not different (2.14 +/- 0.72 vs. 2.02 +/- 0.79 vs. 2.31 +/- 0.72 mg.cm(2).min(-1), P = 0.19) nor was SO (10.47 +/- 2.54 vs. 10.04 +/- 2.97 vs. 9.87 +/- 3.44 min P = 0.82). Bilateral SR (2.14 +/- 0.72 vs. 2.16 +/- 0.71 mg.cm(2).min(-1), P = 0.56) and SO (10.47 +/- 2.54 vs. 10.83 +/- 2.48 min, P = 0.09) were similar and differences were <= 1 SD of day-to-day differences for a single forearm. Analytical imprecision (CV(a)), within (CV(i))-, and between (CV(g))-subjects' coefficient of variation for local SR were 2.4%, 22.3%, and 56.4%, respectively, and were 0%, 9.6%, and 41%, respectively, for SO. We conclude: 1) technologically, sweat capsules contribute negligibly to sweat measurement variation; 2) bilateral measures of SR and SO appear interchangeable; 3) when studying potential factors affecting sweating, changes in SO afford a more favorable signal-to-noise ratio vs. changes in SR. These findings provide a quantitative basis for study design and optimization of power/sample size analysis in the evaluation of thermoregulatory sweating. C1 [Kenefick, Robert W.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kenefick, RW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM robert.kenefick@us.army.mil NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 302 IS 2 BP R252 EP R258 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00456.2011 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 877FP UT WOS:000299163000007 PM 22071159 ER PT J AU Smith, I Marsh, K Segal, DR AF Smith, Irving, III Marsh, Kris Segal, David R. TI The World War II Veteran Advantage? A Lifetime Cross-Sectional Study of Social Status Attainment SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE race; World War II; education; occupation; income ID MENS LIVES; EARNINGS; MILITARY; COHORTS; RACE AB The impact of military service on the status attainment of World War II veterans has been studied since the 1950s; however, the research has failed to come to any consensus with regard to their level of attainment. Analyses have focused on cross-sectional or longitudinal data without considering the effects of service over the life course. The authors argue that World War II veterans, regardless of race, have greater attainment, measured in terms of education, income, and occupational prestige, over their lifetimes than nonveterans. They use census data from the 1950 through 2000 Public Use Microdata Sample. The authors find that military service afforded white veterans significant advantages through their early and middle working years; however, their nonveteran peers eventually caught up. They also find that black veterans receive more of a social status advantage relative to black nonveterans, and military service helps to close the socioeconomic gap between blacks and whites. C1 [Marsh, Kris] Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Irving, III] US Mil Acad, Sociol Program, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Segal, David R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Res Mil Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Segal, David R.] Univ Maryland, Educ & Dev Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Marsh, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, 2112 Art Sociol Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kmarsh@socy.umd.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 5 EP 26 DI 10.1177/0095327X10390463 PG 22 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 859HI UT WOS:000297867100001 ER PT J AU Ender, MG Rohall, DE Brennan, AJ Matthews, MD Smith, I AF Ender, Morten G. Rohall, David E. Brennan, Andrew J. Matthews, Michael D. Smith, Irving, III TI Civilian, ROTC, and Military Academy Undergraduate Attitudes toward Homosexuals in the U.S. Military: A Research Note SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE attitudes; homosexuals; gays and lesbians; DADT; undergraduates; military academy; ROTC; civilians; civil-military gap AB The authors investigate a gap in attitudes toward homosexuals in the U. S. military among a select group of people-American civilian undergraduates, Reserve Officer Training Corp (ROTC) cadets, and cadets at military academies. Using a subsample (N = 3057) of data from the Biannual Attitude Survey of Students (BASS), being a military academy cadet is associated with the strongest agreement for barring homosexuals from serving in the military, followed by ROTC cadets and civilians. These trends continue when controlling for respondents' sex and political affiliation-the two most significant predictors of agreeing to bar homosexuals from military service. A small reduction in agreement for barring was found among academy cadets over time. C1 [Ender, Morten G.] US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Rohall, David E.] Western Illinois Univ, Western Survey Res Ctr, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Brennan, Andrew J.] USA, Mt Div 10, Washington, DC USA. [Matthews, Michael D.] US Mil Acad, Engn Psychol Program, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Smith, Irving, III] US Mil Acad, Sociol Program, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ender, MG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Thayer Hall 282 E, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM morten.ender@usma.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1177/0095327X11410856 PG 9 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 859HI UT WOS:000297867100008 ER PT J AU Cohen, SP Plunkett, AR Wilkinson, I Nguyen, C Kurihara, C Flagg, A Morlando, B Stone, C White, RL Anderson-Barnes, VC Galvagno, SM AF Cohen, Steven P. Plunkett, Anthony R. Wilkinson, Indy Conner Nguyen Kurihara, Connie Flagg, Artemus, II Morlando, Benny Stone, Christina White, Ronald L. Anderson-Barnes, Victoria C. Galvagno, Samuel M., Jr. TI Headaches during war: Analysis of presentation, treatment, and factors associated with outcome SO CEPHALALGIA LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; headache; soldier; war ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; US SOLDIERS; CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE; BACK-PAIN; PREVALENCE; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MIGRAINE; INJURY; ADULTS AB Background: Headache is often associated with physical trauma and psychological stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of headache on personnel deployed in war zones and to identify factors associated with return to duty (RTD). Methods: Outcome data were prospectively collected on 985 personnel medically evacuated out of Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom for a primary diagnosis of headache between 2004 and 2009. Electronic medical records were reviewed to examine clinical and treatment patterns and the effect that myriad factors had on RTD. Results: 33.6% of evacuees returned to duty. The most common headaches were post-concussion (34.1%) and migraine (30.0%). Headaches typically associated with trauma such as post-concussion (18.7%), occipital neuralgia (23.1%), and cervicogenic headache (29.7%) had the lowest RTD rates, whereas tension headache (49.6%) was associated with the best outcome. Other variables associated with negative outcome included presence of aura (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30-0.88; p 0.02), traumatic brain injury (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.29-0.87; p = 0.01), opioid (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.26-0.63; p < 0.001), and beta-blocker (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12-0.61; p = 0.002) use, and co-existing psychopathology (p < 0.001 in univariable analysis). Conclusion: Headaches represent a significant cause of unit attrition in personnel deployed in military operations, with physical trauma and co-existing psychopathology associated with poorer outcomes. C1 [Cohen, Steven P.; Flagg, Artemus, II; Galvagno, Samuel M., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cohen, Steven P.; Plunkett, Anthony R.; Wilkinson, Indy; Kurihara, Connie; Morlando, Benny; Anderson-Barnes, Victoria C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cohen, Steven P.; Plunkett, Anthony R.; Wilkinson, Indy; White, Ronald L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Conner Nguyen; Stone, Christina; White, Ronald L.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Galvagno, Samuel M., Jr.] Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cohen, SP (reprint author), 550 N Broadway,Suite 301, Baltimore, MD 21029 USA. EM scohen40@jhmi.edu FU John P Murtha Neuroscience and Pain Institute; US Army; Army Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Initiative FX This work was supported in part by a Congressional Grant from the John P Murtha Neuroscience and Pain Institute, the US Army, and the Army Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Initiative. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0333-1024 J9 CEPHALALGIA JI Cephalalgia PD JAN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1177/0333102411422382 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 880SX UT WOS:000299428600002 PM 21994113 ER PT J AU Sabatini, JJ Nagori, AV Chen, G Chu, P Damavarapu, R Klapotke, TM AF Sabatini, Jesse J. Nagori, Amita V. Chen, Gary Chu, Phillip Damavarapu, Reddy Klapoetke, Thomas M. TI High-Nitrogen-Based Pyrotechnics: Longer- and Brighter-Burning, Perchlorate-Free, Red-Light Illuminants for Military and Civilian Applications SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE energetic materials; fireworks; nitrogen heterocycles; pyrotechnics; sustainable chemistry ID FIREWORKS; SALTS AB The full-up prototype testing of perchlorate-free, hand-held, signal illuminants for the US Armys M126A1 red star parachute hand-held signal is described. Compared to the perchlorate-containing control, the disclosed illuminants yielded excellent stabilities toward various ignition stimuli while offering superior pyrotechnic performance. Militarily, the illuminants provided further evidence that development of smaller hand-held signal items in an environmentally conscious way is a realistic and obtainable goal. The results are also important from the perspective of civilian fireworks, as the development of brighter, longer-burning, and environmentally compatible red-light-emitting pyrotechnics is now possible. C1 [Sabatini, Jesse J.; Nagori, Amita V.; Chen, Gary; Chu, Phillip] USA, RDECOM, ARDEC, Pyrotech Technol & Prototyping Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Damavarapu, Reddy] USA, RDECOM, ARDEC, Energet & Warheads Res & Dev Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Klapoetke, Thomas M.] Univ Munich, Dept Chem, D-81377 Munich, Germany. RP Sabatini, JJ (reprint author), USA, RDECOM, ARDEC, Pyrotech Technol & Prototyping Div, Bldg 3124, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM jesse.sabatini@us.army.mil RI Klapoetke, Thomas/B-6055-2014 OI Klapoetke, Thomas/0000-0003-3276-1157 FU Environmental Quality Technology and Ordnance Environmental Programs; US Army (Picatinny Arsenal, NJ); Ludwig Maximilians University (Munich, Germany) FX The authors are indebted to the Environmental Quality Technology and Ordnance Environmental Programs, the US Army (Picatinny Arsenal, NJ) and Ludwig Maximilians University (Munich, Germany) for funding of this work. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 628 EP 631 DI 10.1002/chem.201102485 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 871IJ UT WOS:000298731200030 PM 22161957 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, Y Hayashino, Y Jackson, JL Takagaki, N Hinotsu, S Kawakami, K AF Kobayashi, Y. Hayashino, Y. Jackson, J. L. Takagaki, N. Hinotsu, S. Kawakami, K. TI Diagnostic performance of chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging for colonic neoplasms: a meta-analysis SO COLORECTAL DISEASE LA English DT Review DE Colorectal neoplasms; chromoendoscopy; narrow band imaging; systematic review ID PIT PATTERN-ANALYSIS; MAGNIFICATION CHROMOSCOPIC COLONOSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION CHROMOENDOSCOPY; EARLY COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA; INDIGO CARMINE DYE; MAGNIFYING COLONOSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; CONVENTIONAL COLONOSCOPY; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; DISSECTING MICROSCOPY AB Aim We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic test performance of chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI) for colonic neoplasms. Method MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched (1966 to March 2009). Articles were included if: (i) chromoendoscopy or NBI was used, (ii) sensitivity and specificity were reported; (iii) absolute numbers of true-positive, false-positive, true-negative and false-negative results were provided or could be calculated; and (iv) pathology was used as the reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled using random effects model. Secondary analyses were conducted by limiting the studies in which magnifying endoscopy was used alone as a diagnostic modality, and polyp size and macroscopic appearance of lesions were not considered. Results Of 1342 screened articles, 27 met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity for chromoendoscopy and NBI was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92-0.95) and 0.94 (0.91-0.97), and specificity was 0.82 (0.77-0.88) and 0.86 (0.83-0.89), respectively. There were no differences in sensitivity (P = 0.99) or specificity (P = 0.54) between the two methods. In the secondary analysis, pooled sensitivity for choromoendoscopy and NBI was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.900.97) and 0.96 (0.93-0.99) and specificity was 0.80 (0.73-0.87) and 0.85 (0.78-0.92). respectively. Overall, the pooled false-negative rate was 0.057 (95% CI, 0.0400.73) for chromoendoscopy and 0.057 (95% CI, 0.0280.085) for NBI. Conclusion Chromoendoscopy and NBI had similar diagnostic test characteristics in the assessment of colonic neoplasms; however, the false-negative rate for both methods of 5.7% is an unacceptably high rate and currently therefore, neither method is ready for general use. C1 [Kawakami, K.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Pharmacoepidemiol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068505, Japan. [Hayashino, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Healthcare Res, Kyoto 6068505, Japan. [Jackson, J. L.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Takagaki, N.] Baptist Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Kyoto, Japan. RP Kawakami, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Pharmacoepidemiol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068505, Japan. EM kawakami-k@umin.ac.jp OI Hayashino, Yasuaki/0000-0002-2932-8478 NR 83 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-8910 J9 COLORECTAL DIS JI Colorectal Dis. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 14 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02449.x PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 857SM UT WOS:000297739500009 PM 20955514 ER PT J AU Lapcharoen, P Komalamisra, N Rongsriyam, Y Wangsuphachart, V Dekumyoy, P Prachumsri, J Kajla, MK Paskewitz, SM AF Lapcharoen, Parichat Komalamisra, Narumon Rongsriyam, Yupha Wangsuphachart, Voranuch Dekumyoy, Paron Prachumsri, Jetsumon Kajla, Mayur K. Paskewitz, Susan M. TI Investigations on the role of a lysozyme from the malaria vector Anopheles dirus during malaria parasite development SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lysozymes; Muramidase activity; Antimicrobial peptides; RNA interference; Plasmodium; Malaria ID SPOROGONIC DEVELOPMENT AB A cDNA encoding a lysozyme was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) from females of the malaria vector Anopheles dims A (Diptera: Culicidae). The 623 bp lysozyme (AdLys c-1) cDNA encodes the 120 amino acid mature protein with a predicted molecular mass of 13.4 kDa and theoretical pl of 8.45. Six cysteine residues and a potential calcium binding motif that are present in AdLys c-1 are highly conserved relative to those of c-type lysozymes found in other insects. RTPCR analysis of the AdLys c-1 transcript revealed its presence at high levels in the salivary glands both in larval and adult stages and in the larval caecum. dsRNA mediated gene knockdown experiments were conducted to examine the potential role of this lysozyme during Plasmodium berghei infection. Silencing of AdLys c-1 resulted in a significant reduction in the number of oocysts as compared to control dsGFP injected mosquitoes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kajla, Mayur K.; Paskewitz, Susan M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lapcharoen, Parichat; Komalamisra, Narumon; Rongsriyam, Yupha] Mahidol Univ, Dept Med Entomol, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Wangsuphachart, Voranuch] Mahidol Univ, Dept Social & Environm Med, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Dekumyoy, Paron] Mahidol Univ, Dept Helminthol, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Prachumsri, Jetsumon] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, US Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Paskewitz, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM paskewit@entomology.wisc.edu FU Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents Projects (DPST), Thailand FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents Projects (DPST) grants, Thailand. We would like to thank Olga Andreeva for sharing her expertise in dsRNA injections; Aditya Singh for statistical analysis of oocyst count data and Eric J. Shelley for help with P. berghei/mouse experiments. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2011.06.010 PG 8 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 880FM UT WOS:000299390300011 PM 21741400 ER PT J AU White, HS Alex, AB Pollock, A Hen, N Shekh-Ahmad, T Wilcox, KS McDonough, JH Stables, JP Kaufmann, D Yagen, B Bialer, M AF White, H. Steve Alex, Anitha B. Pollock, Amanda Hen, Naama Shekh-Ahmad, Tawfeeq Wilcox, Karen S. McDonough, John H. Stables, James P. Kaufmann, Dan Yagen, Boris Bialer, Meir TI A new derivative of valproic acid amide possesses a broad-spectrum antiseizure profile and unique activity against status epilepticus and organophosphate neuronal damage SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE New anticonvulsant drug; Status epilepticus; Pilocarpine-induced SE rat model; Soman-induced SE rat model; Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; PILOCARPINE MODEL; INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY; SEIZURES; DIAZEPAM; BRAIN; SOMAN; RATS; EPILEPTOGENESIS; LEVETIRACETAM AB Purpose: sec-Butyl-propylacetamide (SPD) is a one-carbon homolog of valnoctamide (VCD), a central nervous system (CNS)active amide derivative of valproic acid (VPA) currently in phase II clinical trials. The study reported herein evaluated the anticonvulsant activity of SPD in a battery of rodent seizure and epilepsy models and assessed its efficacy in rat and guinea pig models of status epilepticus (SE) and neuroprotection in an organotypic hippocampal slice model of excitotoxic cell death. Methods: The anticonvulsant activity of SPD was evaluated in several rodent seizure and epilepsy models, including maximal electroshock (MES), 6-Hz psychomotor; subcutaneous (s. c.) metrazol-, s. c. picrotoxin, s. c. bicuculline, and audiogenic, corneal, and hippocampal kindled seizures following intraperitoneal administration. Results obtained with SPD are discussed in relationship to those obtained with VPA and VCD. SPD was also evaluated for its ability to block benzodiazepine-resistant SE induced by pilocarpine (rats) and soman (rats and guinea pigs) following intraperitoneal administration. SPD was tested for its ability to block excitotoxic cell death induced by the glutamate agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and kainic acid (KA) using organotypic hippocampal slices and SE-induced hippocampal cell death using FluoroJade B staining. The cognitive function of SPD-treated rats that were protected against pilocarpine-induced convulsive SE was examined 10-14 days post-SE using the Morris water maze (MWM). The relationship between the pharmacokinetic profile of SPD and its efficacy against soman-induced SE was evaluated in two parallel studies following SPD (60 mg/kg, i. p.) administration in the soman SE rat model. Key Findings: SPD was highly effective and displayed a wide protective index (PI = median neurotoxic dose/median effective dose [TD50/ED50]) in the standardized seizure and epilepsy models employed. The wide PI values of SPD demonstrate that it is effective at doses well below those that produce behavioral impairment. Unlike VCD, SPD also displayed anticonvulsant activity in the rat pilocarpine model of SE. Thirty minutes after the induction of SE, the calculated rat ED50 for SPD against convulsive SE in this model was 84 mg/kg. SPD was not neuroprotective in the organotypic hippocampal slice preparation; however, it did display hippocampal neuroprotection in both SE models and cognitive sparing in the MWM, which was associated with its antiseizure effect against pilocarpineinduced SE. When administered 20 and 40 min after SE onset, SPD (100-174 mg/kg) produced long-lasting efficacy (e. g., 4-8 h) against soman-induced convulsive and electrographic SE in both rats and guinea pigs. SPD ED50 values in guinea pigs were 67 and 92 mg/kg when administered at SE onset or 40 min after SE onset, respectively. Assuming linear pharmacokinetics (PK), the PK-PD (pharmacodynamic) results (rats) suggests that effective SPD plasma levels ranged between 8 and 40 mg/L (20 min after the onset of soman-induced seizures) and 12-50 mg/ L (40 min after the onset of soman-induced seizures). The time to peak (tmax) pharmacodynamic effect (PD-tmax) occurred after the PK-tmax, suggesting that SPD undergoes slow distribution to extraplasmatic sites, which is likely responsible for antiseizure activity of SPD. Significance: The results demonstrate that SPD is a broad-spectrum antiseizure compound that blocks SE induced by pilocarpine and soman and affords in vivo neuroprotection that is associated with cognitive sparing. Its activity against SE is superior to that of diazepam in terms of rapid onset, potency, and its effect on animal mortality and functional improvement. C1 [Hen, Naama; Shekh-Ahmad, Tawfeeq; Kaufmann, Dan; Yagen, Boris; Bialer, Meir] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Pharm, Inst Drug Res, Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [White, H. Steve; Alex, Anitha B.; Pollock, Amanda; Wilcox, Karen S.] Univ Utah, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Anticonvulsant Drug Dev Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [McDonough, John H.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Pharmacol Branch, Div Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Stables, James P.] NINDS, ASP, Off Translat Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yagen, Boris; Bialer, Meir] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, David R Bloom Ctr Pharm, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Bialer, M (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Pharm, Inst Drug Res, Fac Med, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. EM bialer@md.huji.ac.il FU NINDS, NIH [NO1-NS-4-2359]; NIH/NINDS [Y1-O6-9613-01]; USAMRICD [A120-B.P2009-2]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency - Joint Science and Technology Office, Medical ST Division FX Studies conducted at the University of Utah were supported by NINDS, NIH Contract No. NO1-NS-4-2359 (HSW, ABA, KSW, ALP). The studies conducted at MRICD were supported by an Inter-Agency Agreement between NIH/NINDS (Y1-O6-9613-01) and USAMRICD (A120-B.P2009-2) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency - Joint Science and Technology Office, Medical S&T Division. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD JAN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 134 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03338.x PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 872DZ UT WOS:000298790100021 PM 22150444 ER PT J AU Blank, S AF Blank, Stephen TI Change or decay: Russia's dilemma and the West's response SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Blank, Stephen] USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 188 EP 189 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 879MZ UT WOS:000299335300035 ER PT J AU French, LM Lange, RT Iverson, GL Ivins, B Marshall, K Schwab, K AF French, Louis M. Lange, Rael T. Iverson, Grant L. Ivins, Brian Marshall, Katherine Schwab, Karen TI Influence of Bodily Injuries on Symptom Reporting Following Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in US Military Service Members SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE bodily injuries; mild traumatic brain injury; postconcussion symptoms; PTSD ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PERSISTENT POSTCONCUSSION SYNDROME; POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME; CHRONIC PAIN; DEPRESSION; SOLDIERS; BLAST; IRAQ; REHABILITATION; AFGHANISTAN AB Objective: To examine the relations among bodily injuries, traumatic stress, and postconcussion symptoms in a sample of combat-injured US service members who sustained a mild traumatic brain injury. Participants: One hundred and thirty-seven service members evaluated and treated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center following medical evacuation from the combat theater of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. All had sustained an uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury and concurrent bodily injuries. Procedure: Participants completed 2 symptom checklists within 3 months of injury. Severity of bodily injuries was quantified with a modified version of the Injury Severity Score that excluded intracranial injuries (ISS(mod)). Participants were classified into 4 ISS(mod) groups: minor (n = 17), moderate (n = 48), serious (n = 40), severe/critical (n = 32). Main outcome measures: Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NBSI) and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PCLC). Results: There was a significant negative association between ISSmod scores and the NBSI and PCLC total scores. There were significant main effects across the 4 groups for the NBSI and PCLC total scores. The highest NBSI and PCLC scores were consistently found in the ISSmod minor group, followed by the moderate, serious, and severe/critical groups. Conclusions: While it might be expected that greater comorbid physical injuries would be associated with greater symptom burden, in this study as the severity of bodily injuries increased, symptom burden decreased. Hypothesized explanations include: underreporting of symptoms; increased peer support; disruption of fear conditioning due to acute morphine use; or delayed expression of symptoms. C1 [French, Louis M.; Lange, Rael T.; Iverson, Grant L.; Ivins, Brian; Marshall, Katherine; Schwab, Karen] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Lange, Rael T.; Iverson, Grant L.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [French, Louis M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lange, RT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Bldg 1,Room B207,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM rlange@dvbic.org NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3182248344 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 879JV UT WOS:000299326400007 PM 21897286 ER PT J AU Zhang, GQ Hendrickson, M Plichta, EJ Au, M Zheng, JP AF Zhang, G. Q. Hendrickson, M. Plichta, E. J. Au, M. Zheng, J. P. TI Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Catalytic Properties of Hollandite Ag2Mn8O16 for Li-Air Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTRODES; ELECTROLYTES AB Hollandite Ag2Mn8O16 was prepared by solid-state chemical method, and was used as an electrochemical catalyst for oxygen reduction in lithium-air batteries. Several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to evaluate the characteristics of Ag2Mn8O16 catalyst and composite air electrodes made with Ag2Mn8O16/single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)/carbon nanofiber (CNF). The catalytic effect of Ag2Mn8O16 catalyst was studied using galvanostatic discharge method. Li-air cell with Ag2Mn8O16 catalyst exhibits a reduced discharge overvoltage and a large discharge capacity. This work shows that the hollandite Ag2Mn8O16 material is an effective electrochemical catalyst to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-air batteries. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.085203jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zhang, G. Q.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hendrickson, M.; Plichta, E. J.] USA, CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. [Au, M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Zhang, GQ (reprint author), Yangtze Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Chongqing 408100, Peoples R China. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu RI zhang, guoqing/G-7798-2011 OI zhang, guoqing/0000-0001-5896-0483 FU US Army-CERDEC; Savannah River National Laboratory; Chinese Ministry of Education [211147] FX This work was supported by US Army-CERDEC, Savannah River National Laboratory and Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 211147). NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 66 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 3 BP A310 EP A314 DI 10.1149/2.085203jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 878YA UT WOS:000299292100019 ER PT J AU Machain-Williams, C Mammen, MP Zeidner, NS Beaty, BJ Prenni, JE Nisalak, A Blair, CD AF Machain-Williams, C. Mammen, M. P., Jr. Zeidner, N. S. Beaty, B. J. Prenni, J. E. Nisalak, A. Blair, C. D. TI Association of human immune response to Aedes aegypti salivary proteins with dengue disease severity SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; dengue; dengue haemorrhagic fever; mosquito salivary proteins ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; VON-WILLEBRAND-FACTOR; NILE-VIRUS-INFECTION; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; WEST-NILE; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; ARTHROPOD SALIVA; IGG4 ANTIBODIES; BITES AB Dengue viruses (DENV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and can cause dengue fever (DF), a relatively benign disease, or more severe dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Arthropod saliva contains proteins delivered into the bite wound that can modulate the host haemostatic and immune responses to facilitate the intake of a blood meal. The potential effects on DENV infection of previous exposure to Ae.similar to aegypti salivary proteins have not been investigated. We collected Ae.similar to aegypti saliva, concentrated the proteins and fractionated them by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). By the use of immunoblots, we analysed reactivity with the mosquito salivary proteins (MSP) of sera from 96 Thai children diagnosed with secondary DENV infections leading either to DF or DHF, or with no DENV infection, and found that different proportions of each patient group had serum antibodies reactive to specific Ae similar to aegypti salivary proteins. Our results suggest that prior exposure to MSP might play a role in the outcome of DENV infection in humans. C1 [Machain-Williams, C.; Beaty, B. J.; Blair, C. D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeidner, N. S.; Nisalak, A.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. [Zeidner, N. S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Prenni, J. E.] Colorado State Univ, Prote & Metabol Facil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Blair, CD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM carlos.machain@uady.mx; carol.blair@colostate.edu OI Prenni, Jessica/0000-0002-0337-8450 FU U.S Medical Research and Materiel Command; National Institutes of Health, USA [N01 AI25489] FX We are grateful to Dr. Jill Troyer, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, for making the serum samples available at the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory. We thank Dr. James zumBrunnen, Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, for his help in the statistical analysis of the data presented in this work. This work was supported in part by a grant from the U.S Medical Research and Materiel Command (MPM and AN) and by National Institutes of Health, USA, contract N01 AI25489 (BJB and CDB). NR 49 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01339.x PG 8 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 869JK UT WOS:000298594000003 PM 21995849 ER PT J AU Hyslop, NL Stevenson, DJ Macey, JN Carlile, LD Jenkins, CL Hostetler, JA Oli, MK AF Hyslop, Natalie L. Stevenson, Dirk J. Macey, John N. Carlile, Lawrence D. Jenkins, Chris L. Hostetler, Jeffrey A. Oli, Madan K. TI Survival and population growth of a long-lived threatened snake species, Drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIC; Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) models; Elasticity analysis; Multistate CMR models; Sensitivity analysis; Stage-based matrix population model ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIABLES; CONCHO WATER SNAKE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; MARKED ANIMALS; BODY-SIZE; GEORGIA; ECOLOGY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT AB Demographic data provide a basis for understanding the life history and ecology of species, factors which are vital for informing conservation efforts; however, little is known regarding the population ecology of most snake species, including the threatened Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi). We used 11 years (1999-2009) of capture-mark-recapture (CMR) and 2.5 years (2003-2005) of radiotelemetry data from southeastern Georgia, USA, in a CMR modeling framework to estimate apparent survival, capture and transition probabilities, and evaluate factors influencing these parameters. The model-averaged estimate of overall apparent annual survival probability was 0.700 (+/- 0.030 SE) and is comparable to that obtained from known fate analysis (radiotelemetry) at the same site. Body size positively influenced survival, regardless of sex. Capture probability differed seasonally by sex, suggesting lower capture probability for females in fall and males in winter. There was no evidence for effect of precipitation or site-specific differences in survival. Model averaged estimate of annual adult survival estimated using multistate CMR models was 0.738 +/- A 0.030 and 0.515 +/- A 0.189 for subadults. We estimated population growth rate (lambda) and elasticity (proportional sensitivity) of lambda to vital rates using a stage-structured matrix population model. Population growth rate ranged from 0.96 to 1.03 depending on the value of the probability of transitioning from subadult to adult stage. The lambda was proportionally most sensitive to changes in adult survival rate, followed by subadult survival. Our results suggest that protecting adult snakes and their habitats would result in the highest likelihood of long-term population stability and growth. C1 [Hyslop, Natalie L.; Hostetler, Jeffrey A.; Oli, Madan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stevenson, Dirk J.; Jenkins, Chris L.] Orianne Soc, Clayton, GA 30525 USA. [Stevenson, Dirk J.; Macey, John N.; Carlile, Lawrence D.] USA, Ft Stewart Directorate Publ Works Fish & Wildlife, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. RP Hyslop, NL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 324 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hyslop@uga.edu RI Hostetler, Jeffrey/A-3345-2011 OI Hostetler, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3669-1758 FU Orianne Society; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; USGS Patuxent; Fort Stewart FX We gratefully acknowledge M. Wallace, R. Moulis, J. Waters, and R. Redmond for the use of their CMR data in these analyses. We thank The Orianne Society for providing funding for data analysis and manuscript preparation. Additional support was generously provided by J. Jensen, R. J. Cooper, J. M. Meyers, T. Norton, V. Rolland, K. McCarthy, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, USGS Patuxent, and the biologists and managers at Fort Stewart. K. Yamamura, L. Crespin, and an anonymous reviewer provided many helpful comments for which we are grateful. We also thank all of those who helped in the field throughout the years. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 68 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s10144-011-0292-3 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861WS UT WOS:000298051200015 ER PT J AU Jones, KF Andreas, EL AF Jones, Kathleen F. Andreas, Edgar L. TI Sea spray concentrations and the icing of fixed offshore structures SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE spray concentration profile; ice accretion; spume; spray generation ID AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; WIND-SPEED; NORTH-SEA; OCEAN; SALT; FLUX AB We compile measurements of sea spray droplet concentrations near the ocean surface for wind speeds from 0 to 28.8 m s-1. We plot each concentration distribution with the Andreas/Fairall spray generation function for that wind speed to display the production velocity distribution that is required for them to be compatible. The comparison shows that the equilibrium assumption is not consistent with this spray generation function. As an alternative, we try a spray concentration function from the literature and find that it represents the data well for moderate to high wind speeds. Using the compiled data, we then extend this concentration function to the very high wind speeds that generate spume droplets. This function has a stronger dependence on wind speed and a longer tail than the concentration function for jet and film droplets produced by bursting bubbles in whitecaps. To validate these concentration functions, we use a simple ice accretion model with weather data and icing observations from two offshore platforms. The results show that moderate-to-high wind speeds that generate film and jet droplets result in small ice accumulations. However, larger spume droplets created at very high wind speeds produce high icing rates. The spray generation function that is consistent with the equilibrium assumption has a median volume droplet radius characteristic of jet droplets for moderate and high wind speeds and a radius that is characteristic of spume droplets at very high speeds. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Jones, Kathleen F.] CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Jones, KF (reprint author), CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM kathleen.f.jones@usace.army.mil FU US Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service (MMS) [M07RG13274]; US Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0411] FX This work was supported by US Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service (MMS) under Interagency Agreement M07RG13274. The US Office of Naval Research also supported ELA through grant N00014-08-1-0411. We thank Kyle Monkelien of MMS for providing the original Ocean Bounty ballast reports for the winter of 1979 to 1980, Chet Miller of MMS for providing photographs of the Ocean Bounty, and Chip Alvord for providing information about the layout of Sedco 708. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 662 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1002/qj.897 PN A PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 879ZH UT WOS:000299372800010 ER PT J AU Werner, KA Marquart, L Norton, SA AF Werner, Kimberly A. Marquart, Laura Norton, Scott A. TI Lyngbya dermatitis (toxic seaweed dermatitis) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEABATHERS ERUPTION; MAJUSCULA; BAY AB Lyngbya dermatitis is an irritant contact dermatitis caused by the blue-green alga (or cyanobacterium), Lyngbya majuscula, commonly found in tropical and temperate waters worldwide. Lesions generally appear in a bathing suit distribution minutes to hours after exposure, initially with itching or burning, evolving into a blistering eruption which eventually desquamates leaving bright red, tender erosions that resolve spontaneously in about a week. Our case is of a 13-year-old female that presented with haphazard clusters of reddish-brown vesicles and papules on her abdomen one day after swimming in rough surf conditions on the shores of Oahu, Hawaii. Histopathological examination revealed an acute irritant contact dermatitis consistent with Lyngbya dermatitis. L. majuscule, with its wealth of biologically active compounds, should be a consideration in any patient presenting with an acute irritant contact dermatitis following temperate saltwater exposure. C1 [Werner, Kimberly A.; Marquart, Laura; Norton, Scott A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Marquart, Laura] USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. [Norton, Scott A.] Georgetown Univ Hosp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Werner, KA (reprint author), 801 S Greenbrier St 109, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. EM kimberlyawerner@gmail.com NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05042.x PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 869MR UT WOS:000298602700011 PM 21790555 ER PT J AU Penn-Barwell, JG Murray, CK Wenke, JC AF Penn-Barwell, J. G. Murray, C. K. Wenke, J. C. TI Early antibiotics and debridement independently reduce infection in an open fracture model SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-BRITISH VOLUME LA English DT Article ID OPEN TIBIAL FRACTURES; LONG-BONE FRACTURES; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; TIME-DELAY; MANAGEMENT; TRAUMA; WOUNDS; OPERATION; CHILDREN; OUTCOMES AB Most animal studies indicate that early irrigation and debridement reduce infection after an open fracture. Unfortunately, these studies often do not involve antibiotics. Clinical studies indicate that the timing of initial debridement does not affect the rate of infection but these studies are observational and fraught with confounding variables. The purpose of this study was to control these variables using an animal model incorporating systemic antibiotics and surgical treatment. We used a rat femur model with a defect which was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and treated with a three-day course of systemic cefazolin (5 mg/kg 12-hourly) and debridement and irrigation, both of which were initiated independently at two, six and 24 hour time points. After 14 days the bone and hardware were harvested for separate microbiological analysis. No animal that received antibiotics and surgery two hours after injury had detectable bacteria. When antibiotics were started at two hours, a delay in surgical treatment from two to six hours significantly increased the development of infection (p = 0.047). However, delaying surgery to 24 hours increase the rate of infection, but not significantly (p = 0.054). The timing of antibiotics had a more significant effect on the proportion of positive samples than earlier surgery. Delaying antibiotics to six or 24 hours had a profoundly detrimental effect on the infection rate regardless of the timing of surgery. These findings are consistent with the concept that bacteria progress from a vulnerable planktonic form to a treatment-resistant biofilm. C1 [Penn-Barwell, J. G.; Murray, C. K.; Wenke, J. C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Penn-Barwell, JG (reprint author), Royal Ctr Def Med, Acad Dept Mil Surg & Trauma, Birmingham Res Pk,Vincent Dr, Birmingham B15 2SQ, W Midlands, England. EM jowan@doctors.net.uk NR 40 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU BRITISH EDITORIAL SOC BONE JOINT SURGERY PI LONDON PA 22 BUCKINGHAM STREET, LONDON WC2N 6ET, ENGLAND SN 0301-620X J9 J BONE JOINT SURG BR JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Br. Vol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 94B IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1302/0301-620X.94B1.27026 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 879FU UT WOS:000299315900019 PM 22219257 ER PT J AU Mason, ST Esselman, P Fraser, R Schomer, K Truitt, A Johnson, K AF Mason, Shawn T. Esselman, Peter Fraser, Robert Schomer, Katherine Truitt, Anjali Johnson, Kurt TI Return to Work After Burn Injury: A Systematic Review SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the American-Burn-Association CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Burn Assoc ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; EMPLOYMENT; HEALTH; BARRIERS; HAND AB Consequences of major burn injuries often include losing the ability to engage in basic life functions such as work or employment. As this is a developing area of importance in burn care, the goal of this study was to perform a systematic review of the burn literature to ascertain a comprehensive view of the literature and identify return to work (RTW) factors where possible. A search was conducted and peer-reviewed studies that investigated predictors and barriers of returning to work of those with burn injuries, published since 1970 and written in English, were examined. From the 216 articles initially identified in the search, 26 studies were determined to meet inclusion criteria. Across studies, the mean age was 33.63 years, the mean TBSA was 18.94%, and the average length of stay was 20 days. After 3.3 years (41 months) postburn, 72.03% of previously employed participants had returned to some form of work. Important factors of RTW were identified as burn location, burn size, treatment variables, age, pain, psychosocial factors, job factors, and barriers. This systematic review suggests multiple conclusions. First, there is a significant need for attention to this area of study given that nearly 28% of all burn survivors never return to any form of employment. Second, the RTW literature is in need of coherent and consistent methodological practices, such as a sound system of measurement. Finally, this review calls for increased attention to interventions designed to assist survivors' ability to function in an employed capacity. (J Burn Care Res 2012;33:101-109) C1 [Mason, Shawn T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Johns Hopkins Burn Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Mason, Shawn T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Burn Surg, Johns Hopkins Burn Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Mason, Shawn T.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Warrior Resiliency Program, San Antonio, TX USA. [Esselman, Peter; Fraser, Robert; Schomer, Katherine; Truitt, Anjali; Johnson, Kurt] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mason, ST (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Johns Hopkins Bayview Burn Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182374439 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 877BQ UT WOS:000299151900021 PM 22138806 ER PT J AU Shupp, JW Moffatt, LT Nguyen, T Ramella-Roman, JC Hammamieh, R Miller, SA Leto, EJ Jo, DY Randad, PR Jett, M Jeng, JC Jordan, MH AF Shupp, Jeffrey W. Moffatt, Lauren T. Thu Nguyen Ramella-Roman, Jessica C. Hammamieh, Rasha Miller, Stacy-Ann Leto, Ellen J. Jo, Daniel Y. Randad, Pranay R. Jett, Marti Jeng, James C. Jordan, Marion H. TI Examination of Local and Systemic In Vivo Responses to Electrical Injury Using an Electrical Burn Delivery System SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the American-Burn-Association CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Burn Assoc ID MECHANISMS; TRAUMA; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCY; MODEL AB Electrical injuries are devastating and are difficult to manage due to the complexity of the tissue damage and physiological impacts. A paucity of literature exists which describes models for electrical injury. To date, those models have been used primarily to demonstrate thermal and morphological effects at the points of contact. Creating a more representative model for human injury and further elucidating the physics and pathophysiology of this unique form of tissue injury could be helpful in designing stage-appropriate therapy and improving limb salvage. An electrical burn delivery system was developed to accurately and reliably deliver electrical current at varying exposure times. A series of Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and subjected to injury with 1000 V of direct current at incremental exposure times (2-20 seconds). Whole blood and plasma were obtained immediately before shock, immediately postinjury, and then hourly for 3 hours. Laser Doppler images of tissue adjacent to the entrance and exit wounds were obtained at the outlined time points to provide information on tissue perfusion. The electrical exposure was nonlethal in all animals. The size and the depth of contact injury increased in proportion to the exposure times and were reproducible. Skin adjacent to injury (both entrance and exit sites) exhibited marked edema within 30 minutes. In adjacent skin of upper extremity wounds, mean perfusion units increased immediately postinjury and then gradually decreased in proportion to the severity of the injuries. In the lower extremity, this phenomenon was only observed for short contact times, while longer contact times had marked malperfusion throughout. In the plasma, interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were found to be augmented by injury. Systemic transcriptome analysis revealed promising information about signal networks involved in dermatological, connective tissue, and neurological pathophysiological processes. A reliable and reproducible in vivo model has been developed for characterizing the pathophysiology of high-tension electrical injury. Changes in perfusion were observed near and between entrance and exit wounds that appear consistent with injury severity. Further studies are underway to correlate differential mRNA expression with injury severity. (J Burn Care Res 2012;33:118-129) C1 [Shupp, Jeffrey W.; Moffatt, Lauren T.; Leto, Ellen J.; Jo, Daniel Y.; Randad, Pranay R.; Jeng, James C.; Jordan, Marion H.] Washington Hosp Ctr, Burn Ctr, Dept Surg, MedStar Hlth Res Inst, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Shupp, Jeffrey W.; Thu Nguyen; Ramella-Roman, Jessica C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Biomed Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Hammamieh, Rasha; Miller, Stacy-Ann; Jett, Marti] USA, Med Command, Inst Environm Hlth Res, Frederick, MD USA. RP Shupp, JW (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Burn Ctr, Dept Surg, MedStar Hlth Res Inst, 110 Irving St NW,Suite 3B-55, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182373a50 PG 12 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 877BQ UT WOS:000299151900023 PM 22079918 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JW Mason, ST Schomer, K Klein, MB AF Lawrence, John W. Mason, Shawn T. Schomer, Katherine Klein, Matthew B. TI Epidemiology and Impact of Scarring After Burn Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the American-Burn-Association CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Burn Assoc ID BODY-IMAGE; PERCEIVED STIGMATIZATION; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; PEDIATRIC BURNS; HEALTH SCALE; SELF-ESTEEM; SURVIVORS; SCARS; ADOLESCENTS; ADULTS AB The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on the incidence of hypertrophic scarring and the psychosocial impact of burn scars. In a comprehensive literature review, the authors identified 48 articles published since 1965 and written in English which reported the incidence and risk factors for hypertrophic scarring or assessed outcomes related to scarring. Most studies had important methodological limitations limiting the generalizability of the findings. In particular, the absence of standardized valid measures of scarring and other outcome variables was a major barrier to drawing strong conclusions. Among studies on hypertrophic scarring, the prevalence rate varied between 32 and 72%. Identified risk factors included dark skin, female gender, young age, burn site on neck and upper limb, multiple surgical procedures, meshed skin graph, time to healing, and burn severity. With regard to psychosocial outcomes, two studies compared pediatric burn survivors with a nonburn comparison group on a body image measure; neither study found differences between groups. Across studies, burn severity and location had a modest relationship with psychosocial outcome variables. Psychosocial variables such as social comfort and perceived stigmatization were more highly associated with body image than burn characteristics. To advance our knowledge of the epidemiology of scars and the burden of scars, future studies need to implement more rigorous methodologies. In particular, standardized valid measures of scarring and other outcomes should be developed. This process could be facilitated by an international collaboration among burn centers. (J Burn Care Res 2012;33:136-146) C1 [Klein, Matthew B.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Plast Surg, Burn Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Lawrence, John W.] CUNY, Dept Psychol, Coll Staten Isl, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Mason, Shawn T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Burn Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mason, Shawn T.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Warrior Resiliency Program, San Antonio, TX USA. [Schomer, Katherine] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Model Syst Knowledge Translat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Klein, MB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Plast Surg, Burn Ctr, 325 9th Ave,Box 359796, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM john.lawrence@csi.cuny.edu NR 66 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 23 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182374452 PG 11 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 877BQ UT WOS:000299151900025 PM 22138807 ER PT J AU Lundy, JB Cancio, LC AF Lundy, Jonathan B. Cancio, Leopoldo C. TI A Novel Technique for Split-Thickness Skin Donor Site Pain Control: Subcutaneous Catheters for Continuous Local Anesthetic Infusion SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID AGENTS C1 [Lundy, Jonathan B.; Cancio, Leopoldo C.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Lundy, JB (reprint author), 3400 Rawley Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jonathan.lundy1@amedd.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP E22 EP E23 DI 10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182356095 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 877BQ UT WOS:000299151900007 PM 22079913 ER PT J AU Woodring, J Srijan, A Puripunyakom, P Oransathid, W Wongstitwilairoong, B Mason, C AF Woodring, Joseph Srijan, Apichai Puripunyakom, Paksathorn Oransathid, Wilawan Wongstitwilairoong, Boonchai Mason, Carl TI Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Vibrio, Salmonella, and Aeromonas Isolates from Various Uncooked Seafoods in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN THAILAND; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; STRAINS; OYSTERS; VULNIFICUS AB Uncooked seafood samples were collected from open markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand, and were examined for the presence of Vibrio, Salmonella, and Aeromonas species from January to February 2008. From 120 samples, 272 bacterial isolates were identified through biochemical testing. Of all sea bass, shrimp, oyster, and blood cockle samples (30 of each) that were processed for culture, 114 (95%) samples had at least one detectable isolate of Vibrio, Salmonella, or Aeromonas, leaving only 6 (5%) samples free of them. All oyster sample (100%) had at least one pathogen, followed by sea bass (97%), blood cockles (97%), and shrimp (90%). Overall, 111 (92%) of all samples had detectable Vibrio spp., 32 (27%) had detectable Aeromonas spp., and 25 (21%) had detectable Salmonella enterica. There was no overall difference between positive samples collected from fresh markets versus supermarkets (relative risk, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.05). Resistance to ampicillin among isolated pathogens was relatively high (56%), while resistance to 12 other antibiotics, including azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was relatively low (0, 0, and 3%, respectively). Study results indicate that uncooked seafood in Bangkok, Thailand, commonly harbors enteric pathogens and that consumption of uncooked seafood should be avoided to reduce foodborne illnesses. C1 [Woodring, Joseph] Bavaria Med Dept, APO, AE 09112 USA. [Srijan, Apichai; Puripunyakom, Paksathorn; Oransathid, Wilawan; Wongstitwilairoong, Boonchai; Mason, Carl] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Woodring, J (reprint author), Bavaria Med Dept, CMR 411,Box 2343, APO, AE 09112 USA. EM joseph.woodring@us.army.mil RI Woodring, Joseph/G-1470-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 FU U.S. Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; Department of Enteric Disease at the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences in Bangkok, Thailand FX This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System and by the Department of Enteric Disease at the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences in Bangkok, Thailand. We thank Lieutenant Colonel Steven Cersovsky and Dr. Cara Olsen for their critical review, biostatistics assistance, and proofreading assistance. However, the opinions expressed herein are solely those of the authors. The views expressed herein are private and do not reflect official positions of the U.S. Army or U.S. Department of Defense. The opinions expressed are personal and are not to be construed as use guidelines for seafood importation or any other possible policy changes. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 75 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-211 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 875VJ UT WOS:000299063000007 PM 22221354 ER PT J AU Jones, NL Wallace, RM Jones, R Butler, C Zundel, A AF Jones, Norman L. Wallace, Robert M. Jones, Russell Butler, Cary Zundel, Alan TI Efficient application programming interface for multi-dimensional modeling data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE data standards; finite difference method; finite element method; 3D models; 2D models AB This paper describes an Application Programming Interface (API) for managing multi-dimensional data produced for water resource computational modeling that is being developed by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), in conjunction with Brigham Young University. This API, along with a corresponding data standard, is being implemented within ERDC computational models to facilitate rapid data access, enhanced data compression and data sharing, and cross-platform independence. The API and data standard are known as the extensible Model Data Format (XMDF), and version 1.3 is available for free download. This API is designed to manage geometric data associated with grids, meshes, riverine and coastal cross sections, and both static and transient array-based datasets. The inclusion of coordinate system data makes it possible to share data between models developed in different coordinate systems. XMDF is used to store the data-intensive components of a modeling study in a compressed binary format that is platform-independent. It also provides a standardized file format that enhances modeling linking and data sharing between models. C1 [Jones, Norman L.] Brigham Young Univ, Environm Modeling Res Lab, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Jones, Russell; Butler, Cary] USA, Corps Engineers Engineer Res & Dev Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Jones, Russell; Zundel, Alan] Aquaveo LLC, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Jones, NL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Environm Modeling Res Lab, 242C Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM njones@byu.edu FU US Army Engineer Research and Development Center in Vicksburg, MS FX This work was funded by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center in Vicksburg, MS. Permission to publish this paper was granted by the Chief of Engineers. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1464-7141 J9 J HYDROINFORM JI J. Hydroinform. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.2166/hydro.2011.013 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 869SK UT WOS:000298618300001 ER PT J AU Lindsey, CY Powell, BS Bolt, CR Brown, JE Adamovicz, JJ AF Lindsey, C. Y. Powell, B. S. Bolt, C. R. Brown, J. E. Adamovicz, J. J. TI VALIDATION OF QUANTITATIVE ELISAs FOR MEASURING ANTI-YERSINIA PESTIS F1 AND V ANTIBODY CONCENTRATIONS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATE SERA SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY & IMMUNOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ELISA; macaque; non-human primate; plague; plague immunity; Yersinia Pestis ID PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; AEROSOLIZED PLAGUE; IGG ELISAS; VACCINE; PROTECTION; MICE; MACROMOLECULES; INFECTION; ASSAYS AB This study systematically validated two quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for determining Yersinia pestis anti-F1 or anti-V IgG concentration in cynomolgus macaque sera. The results demonstrated that these ELISAs are reliable, reproducible, and suitable for their intended use to measure both anti-F1 and anti-V IgG in monkey sera following vaccination with a heterologous recombinant fusion F1-V protein (rF1-V). Statistical analysis demonstrated assay precision, accuracy, specificity, linearity/dilutional linearity, and robustness for both assays. The quantitative ranges of standard curves were defined as 40-700 ng/mLfor both anti-F1 and anti-V IgG. Either serological assay could be used to determine potency of F1/V antigen-based vaccines in surrogate clinical studies or to define correlates of protective immunity against plague under the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) two-animal rule. C1 [Lindsey, C. Y.; Powell, B. S.; Bolt, C. R.; Brown, J. E.; Adamovicz, J. J.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Adamovicz, JJ (reprint author), Midwest Res Inst, 110 Thomas Johnson Dr,Suite 170, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM jadamovicz@mriglobal.org FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [02-4-AA-001] FX This work was supported by a research grant from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, research plan #02-4-AA-001. The authors greatly thank Ms. Jenny Richardson and Mr. Rene Aguirre for their performance of the assays during the validation study. The authors would like to thank Mr. Stephen Little for his critical review of the abstract. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-1819 J9 J IMMUNOASS IMMUNOCH JI J. Immunoass. Immunoch. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 91 EP 113 DI 10.1080/15321819.2011.603774 PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 877VL UT WOS:000299210700009 PM 22181824 ER PT J AU O'Laughlin, SJ AF O'Laughlin, Shaun J. TI Unicameral Bone Cyst of the Calcaneus SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Munson Army Hlth Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP O'Laughlin, SJ (reprint author), Munson Army Hlth Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 43 EP 43 DI 10.2519/jospt.2012.0401 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 879UQ UT WOS:000299358300006 PM 22236658 ER PT J AU Alimardani, N Cowell, EW Wager, JF Conley, JF Evans, DR Chin, M Kilpatrick, SJ Dubey, M AF Alimardani, Nasir Cowell, E. William, III Wager, John F. Conley, John F., Jr. Evans, David R. Chin, Matthew Kilpatrick, Stephen J. Dubey, Madan TI Impact of electrode roughness on metal-insulator-metal tunnel diodes with atomic layer deposited Al2O3 tunnel barriers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID INFRARED DETECTION; JUNCTIONS; ANTENNA; FILMS AB Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel diodes on a variety of high and low work function metals with various levels of root-mean-square roughness are fabricated using high quality atomic layer deposited Al2O3 as the insulating tunnel barrier. It is found that electrode surface roughness can dominate the current versus voltage characteristics of MIM diodes, even overwhelming the impact of metal work function. Devices with smoother bottom electrodes are found to produce current versus voltage behavior with higher asymmetry and better agreement with Fowler-Nordheim tunneling theory, as well as a greater percentage of functioning devices. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3658380] C1 [Alimardani, Nasir; Cowell, E. William, III; Wager, John F.; Conley, John F., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Sch EECS, Kelley Engn Ctr 1148, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Evans, David R.] Sharp Labs Amer Inc, Camas, WA 98607 USA. [Chin, Matthew; Kilpatrick, Stephen J.; Dubey, Madan] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Alimardani, N (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch EECS, Kelley Engn Ctr 1148, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jconley@eecs.oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0805372, CHE-0847970]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-07-2-0083]; Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute FX This work was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (through DMR-0805372 and an REU supplement, as well as CHE-0847970), the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (through W911NF-07-2-0083), and the Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute. The authors thank Wei Wang (OSU) for assistance in acquiring AFM images and Cheng Tan for assistance with data collection. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 26 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 AR 01A113 DI 10.1116/1.3658380 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 874XY UT WOS:000298992800013 ER PT J AU Potrepka, DM Sanchez, LM Polcawich, RG AF Potrepka, Daniel M. Sanchez, Luz M. Polcawich, Ronald G. TI Atomic layer deposition of Pt growth template for orienting PbZrxTi1-xO3 thin films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers a method for sidewall growth due to its ability to deposit isotropic thin films. As a first step to provide underlying growth templates on sidewalls, proof-of-principal depositions were made on flat wafer surfaces using ALD Pt thin films deposited on: ALD HfO2, ALD Al2O3, and oxidized sputtered-Ti films. X-ray diffraction rocking curve full-width half maxima for 25 nm Pt films obtained after a rapid thermal anneal at 700 degrees C were 2.06 degrees, 5.45 degrees, and 7.84 degrees on the TiO2, Al2O3, and HfO2 coatings, respectively. Sheet resistance decreased with Pt thickness (deposited onto TiO2/SiO2/Si): from 5 Omega/square at 25 nm to 0.63 Omega/square at 100 nm. A 500 +/- 25 nm PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 film was deposited by a chemical solution deposition process onto 100 nm ALD Pt films deposited on the TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates. The 001 Lotgering factor derived from x-ray diffraction data was 0.56 for 001/100 oriented PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3664766] C1 [Potrepka, Daniel M.; Sanchez, Luz M.; Polcawich, Ronald G.] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SER L, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Potrepka, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, RDRL SER L, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM daniel.m.potrepka.civ@mail.mil OI Potrepka, Daniel/0000-0002-0528-1038 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 AR 01A129 DI 10.1116/1.3664766 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 874XY UT WOS:000298992800029 ER PT J AU Brooks, DN Weber, RV Chao, JD Rinker, BD Zoldos, J Robichaux, MR Ruggeri, SB Anderson, KA Bonatz, E Wisotsky, SM Cho, MS Wilson, C Cooper, EO Ingari, JV Safa, B Parrett, BM Buncke, GM AF Brooks, Darrell N. Weber, Renata V. Chao, Jerome D. Rinker, Brian D. Zoldos, Jozef Robichaux, Michael R. Ruggeri, Sebastian B. Anderson, Kurt A. Bonatz, Ekkehard Wisotsky, Scott M. Cho, Mickey S. Wilson, Christopher Cooper, Ellis O. Ingari, John V. Safa, Bauback Parrett, Brian M. Buncke, Gregory M. TI Processed nerve allografts for peripheral nerve reconstruction: A multicenter study of utilization and outcomes in sensory, mixed, and motor nerve reconstructions SO MICROSURGERY LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; REPAIR; INJURIES; LESIONS; CONDUITS; REGENERATION; ENTRAPMENTS; GRAFTS AB Purpose: As alternatives to autograft become more conventional, clinical outcomes data on their effectiveness in restoring meaningful function is essential. In this study we report on the outcomes from a multicenter study on processed nerve allografts (Avance (R) Nerve Graft, AxoGen, Inc). Patients and Methods: Twelve sites with 25 surgeons contributed data from 132 individual nerve injuries. Data was analyzed to determine the safety and efficacy of the nerve allograft. Sufficient data for efficacy analysis were reported in 76 injuries (49 sensory, 18 mixed, and 9 motor nerves). The mean age was 41 +/- 17 (1886) years. The mean graft length was 22 +/- 11 (550) mm. Subgroup analysis was performed to determine the relationship to factors known to influence outcomes of nerve repair such as nerve type, gap length, patient age, time to repair, age of injury, and mechanism of injury. Results: Meaningful recovery was reported in 87% of the repairs reporting quantitative data. Subgroup analysis demonstrated consistency, showing no significant differences with regard to recovery outcomes between the groups (P > 0.05 Fisher's Exact Test). No graft related adverse experiences were reported and a 5% revision rate was observed. Conclusion: Processed nerve allografts performed well and were found to be safe and effective in sensory, mixed and motor nerve defects between 5 and 50 mm. The outcomes for safety and meaningful recovery observed in this study compare favorably to those reported in the literature for nerve autograft and are higher than those reported for nerve conduits. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012. C1 [Brooks, Darrell N.; Safa, Bauback; Parrett, Brian M.; Buncke, Gregory M.] Buncke Clin, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. [Weber, Renata V.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Microsurg, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Chao, Jerome D.] Albany Med Coll, Div Plast Surg, Albany, NY 12208 USA. [Rinker, Brian D.] Univ Kentucky, Div Plast Surg, Lexington, KY USA. [Zoldos, Jozef] Arizona Ctr Hand Surg, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Robichaux, Michael R.] Baton Rouge Orthopaed Clin, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Ruggeri, Sebastian B.] Affiliated Arm Shoulder & Hand Surg, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Anderson, Kurt A.] Orthopaed Specialty Clin Spokane, Spokane, WA USA. [Bonatz, Ekkehard] Southlake Orthopaed, Birmingham, AL USA. [Wisotsky, Scott M.] Tampa Bay Orthopaed Specialists, Pinellas Pk, FL USA. [Cho, Mickey S.; Wilson, Christopher; Cooper, Ellis O.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Ingari, John V.] San Antonio Hand Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Brooks, DN (reprint author), Buncke Clin, 45 Castro St,Ste 121, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. EM Rangerstudy@gmail.com FU AxoGen, Inc.; Alachua, FL FX Grant sponsor: AxoGen, Inc.; Alachua, FL NR 48 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0738-1085 J9 MICROSURG JI Microsurgery PD JAN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1002/micr.20975 PG 14 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 877TY UT WOS:000299206800001 PM 22121093 ER PT J AU Endale, M Alao, JP Akala, HM Rono, NK Eyase, FL Derese, S Ndakala, A Mbugua, M Walsh, DS Sunnerhagen, P Erdelyi, M Yenesew, A AF Endale, Milkyas Alao, John Patrick Akala, Hoseah M. Rono, Nelson K. Eyase, Fredrick L. Derese, Solomon Ndakala, Albert Mbugua, Martin Walsh, Douglas S. Sunnerhagen, Per Erdelyi, Mate Yenesew, Abiy TI Antiplasmodial Quinones from Pentas longiflora and Pentas lanceolata SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Pentas longiflora; Pentas lanceolata; Rubiaceae; anthraquinone 5,6-dihydroxydamnacanthol; pyranonaphthoquinone; malaria ID MORINDA-CITRIFOLIA; PUTORIA-CALABRICA; RUBIA-CORDIFOLIA; ANTHRAQUINONES; PLANTS; ROOTS; PYRANONAPHTHOQUINONE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CULTURES; MALARIA AB The dichloromethane/methanol (1 : 1) extracts of the roots of Pentas longiflora and Pentas lanceolata showed low micromolar (IC(50) = 0.9-3 mu g/mL) in vitro antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant (W2) and chloroquine-sensitive (D6) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Chromatographic separation of the extract of Pentas longiflora led to the isolation of the pyranonaphthoquinones pentalongin (1) and psychorubrin (2) with IC(50) values below 1 mu g/mL and the naphthalene derivative mollugin (3), which showed marginal activity. Similar treatment of Pentas lanceolata led to the isolation of eight anthraquinones (4-11, IC(50) = 5-31 mu g/mL) of which one is new (5,6-dihydroxydamnacanthol, 11), while three nordamnacanthal (7), lucidin-omega-methyl ether (9), and damnacanthol (10) - are reported here for the first time from the genus Pentas. The compounds were identified by NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. C1 [Endale, Milkyas; Rono, Nelson K.; Derese, Solomon; Ndakala, Albert; Mbugua, Martin; Yenesew, Abiy] Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, Nairobi 3019700100, Kenya. [Alao, John Patrick; Sunnerhagen, Per] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, S-41323 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Akala, Hoseah M.; Eyase, Fredrick L.; Walsh, Douglas S.] USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, APO, AE 09831 USA. [Erdelyi, Mate] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, S-41323 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Erdelyi, Mate] Univ Gothenburg, Swedish NMR Ctr, S-41323 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Yenesew, A (reprint author), Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, Chiromo Rd, Nairobi 3019700100, Kenya. EM mate@chem.gu.se; ayenesew@uonbi.ac.ke RI Erdelyi, Mate/A-3686-2009; Sunnerhagen, Per/G-1696-2012; Annisa, Milkyas Endale/G-2197-2012; Derese, Solomon/H-5957-2016 OI Erdelyi, Mate/0000-0003-0359-5970; Sunnerhagen, Per/0000-0002-0967-8729; Derese, Solomon/0000-0002-2640-3583 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Natural Products Research Network for Eastern and Central Africa (NAPRECA); Swedish Research Council [VR2007-4407]; Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg FX M. Endale is thankful to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Natural Products Research Network for Eastern and Central Africa (NAPRECA) for a Ph.D. Scholarship. J.P. Alao and P. Sunnerhagen are thankful to the Chemical Biology Platform at the University of Gothenburg. M. Erdelyi is thankful for the financial support from the Swedish Research Council (VR2007-4407) and the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 78 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1055/s-0031-1280179 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 876LT UT WOS:000299109700006 PM 21979929 ER PT J AU Forman, HP Larson, DB Kaye, AD Kazerooni, EA Norbash, A Crowe, JK Javitt, MC Beauchamp, NJ AF Forman, Howard P. Larson, David B. Kaye, Alan D. Kazerooni, Ella A. Norbash, Alexander Crowe, John K. Javitt, Marcia C. Beauchamp, Norman J., Jr. TI Masters of Radiology Panel Discussion: Women in Radiology-How Can We Encourage More Women to Join the Field and Become Leaders? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE career path; diversity; leadership; residency; women; women in radiology C1 [Forman, Howard P.] Yale Univ, Dept Diagnost Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Larson, David B.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kaye, Alan D.] Bridgeport Hosp, Dept Radiol, Westport, CT USA. [Kazerooni, Ella A.] Univ Michigan Hosp, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Norbash, Alexander] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Crowe, John K.] Scottsdale Med Imaging, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Javitt, Marcia C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Beauchamp, Norman J., Jr.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Forman, HP (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Diagnost Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM howard.forman@yale.edu OI Norbash, Alexander/0000-0003-2986-2563 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 198 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.2214/AJR.11.8053 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 873LF UT WOS:000298884100049 PM 22194490 ER EF