FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Moon, MG McIntosh, MJ AF Moon, MG McIntosh, MJ TI Necessary modification of the nonrotational tapered impression coping of the EsthetiCone system SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USA,BERNHEIM DENT CLIN,FT BENNING,GA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 77 IS 2 BP 229 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70243-9 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WJ365 UT WOS:A1997WJ36500026 PM 9051617 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Skelton, HG Turiansky, G Wagner, KF AF Smith, KJ Skelton, HG Turiansky, G Wagner, KF TI Hyaluronidase enhances the therapeutic effect of vinblastine in intralesional treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS; CANCER; SKIN; ACID; PATHOGENESIS; MATRIX; TRIAL AB Background: Although intralesional vinblastine has been used with some success in the treatment of cutaneous lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), lesions commonly recur. When large lesions are treated, frequently there is considerable discomfort and, in some cases, secondary ulceration. Hyaluronidase has been used to increase dispersion of drugs administered by local injection. Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether intralesional hyaluronidase administered before intralesional vinblastine increases the dispersion of vinblastine and decreases toxicity. Methods: We treated six patients who had multiple cutaneous plaque lesions and tumors of KS with intralesional vinblastine, intralesional vinblastine preceded by intralesional hyaluronidase, or intralesional hyaluronidase alone. Results: Both intralesional vinblastine and intralesional vinblastine preceded by intralesional hyaluronidase caused clinical regression of lesions of KS; however, the combination of by aluronidase and vinblastine was more effective in treating tumor nodules. In addition, lesions treated with hyaluronidase and vinblastine recurred less often than those treated with vinblastine alone and showed no evidence of residual KS in two patients undergoing biopsy between 4 and 6 months after therapy. Conclusion: Intralesional hyaluronidase enhances vinblastine in the treatment of cutaneous lesions of KS without adding to the systemic toxicity. C1 USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,ABERDEEN,MD. HENRY M JACKSON FDN,BETHESDA,MD. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 36 IS 2 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70288-3 PN 1 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA WH016 UT WOS:A1997WH01600015 PM 9039176 ER PT J AU Bauch, TD Rubal, BJ Borecky, D AF Bauch, TD Rubal, BJ Borecky, D TI Digital acoustic analysis: A cost-effective alternative to echocardiography for evaluating systolic murmurs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 SU A BP 2254 EP 2254 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WF761 UT WOS:A1997WF76101434 ER PT J AU Sangiorgi, G Farb, A Carter, AJ Edwards, WD Virmani, R Schwartz, RS AF Sangiorgi, G Farb, A Carter, AJ Edwards, WD Virmani, R Schwartz, RS TI Contribution of neointima and adventitia to final lumen area in human coronary arteries treated by balloon angioplasty: A histopathologic analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MAYO CLIN,ROCHESTER,MN. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 SU A BP 7492 EP 7492 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WF761 UT WOS:A1997WF76100847 ER PT J AU Carter, AJ Laird, JR Gorman, PD Gurczak, P Garcia, MA Farb, A Virmani, R Lansky, AJ Popma, JJ Fischell, TA AF Carter, AJ Laird, JR Gorman, PD Gurczak, P Garcia, MA Farb, A Virmani, R Lansky, AJ Popma, JJ Fischell, TA TI Clinical evaluation of the coronary pullback atherectomy catheter: Procedural results and late clinical follow-up SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WASHINGTON HOSP CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 SU A BP 60150 EP 60150 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WF761 UT WOS:A1997WF76101966 ER PT J AU Thompson, IM AF Thompson, IM TI What's new in urology SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-CANCER RP Thompson, IM (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78234, USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL SURGEONS PI CHICAGO PA 54 EAST ERIE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 184 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA WF672 UT WOS:A1997WF67200018 PM 9022643 ER PT J AU Mann, RW Webster, AD AF Mann, RW Webster, AD TI An anthropologist's walk into the past SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Mann, RW (reprint author), USA,CENT IDENTIFICAT LAB,CILHI,310 WORCHESTER AVE,HICKAM AFB,HI 96853, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSN PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 SN 0003-0538 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA WK596 UT WOS:A1997WK59600008 PM 9046755 ER PT J AU Bailey, R Sinha, C Burgess, LPA AF Bailey, R Sinha, C Burgess, LPA TI Ketorolac tromethamine and hemorrhage in tonsillectomy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western Section of the American-Laryngological-Rhinological-and-Otological-Society-Inc CY JAN 12-14, 1995 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Amer Laryngol Rhinol & Otol Soc Inc, W Sect DE ketorolac tromethamine; tonsillectomy; hemorrhage; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ID OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; MORPHINE-SULFATE; RISK-FACTORS; ANALGESIA; SURGERY; PAIN; PETHIDINE AB Ketorolac tromethamine (KT) is a nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory analgesic. Its nonsedating property makes it an attractive analgesic for sleep apnea patients undergoing uvulopharyngopalatoplasty, but its antiplatelet activity makes the potential for postoperative hemorrhage a concern. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to evaluate the bleeding risk of KT using adult tonsillectomy patients as the model. Patients were randomized into two groups receiving Meperidine (MP) (controls) or KT for the first postoperative day. Posttonsillectomy bleeding rates of 7% (3/43) in the MP group and 18.9% (7/37) in the KT group were demonstrated, but this difference was not statistically significant. The number of HI doses administered had no effect on the incidence of bleeding or the number of cases requiring return to the operative suite for hemostasis. Although this study did not attain statistical significance, the trend towards increased hemorrhage with RT is worrisome. This study and other reports in the literature support the manufacturer's warning that the use of KT is contraindicated in major surgery. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,OTOLARYNGOL SERV,HONOLULU,HI 96859. WOMACK ARMY MED CTR,FT BRAGG,NC. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD FEB PY 1997 VL 107 IS 2 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1097/00005537-199702000-00006 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA WH990 UT WOS:A1997WH99000004 PM 9023238 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC AF Chisick, MC TI Satisfaction of active duty soldiers with family dental care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Session of the American-Association-for-Public-Health-Dentistry CY OCT 05-07, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Assoc Publ Hlth Dent AB In the fall of 1992, a random, worldwide sample of 6,442 married and single parent soldiers completed a self-administered survey on satisfaction with 22 attributes of family dental care. Simple descriptive statistics for each attribute were derived, as was a composite overall satisfaction score using factor analysis. Composite scores were regressed on demographics, annual dental utilization, and access barriers to identify those factors having an impact on a soldier's overall satisfaction with family dental care. Separate regression models were constructed for single parents, childless couples, and couples with children. Results show below-average satisfaction with nearly all attributes of family dental care, with access attributes having the lowest average satisfaction scores. Factors influencing satisfaction with family dental care varied by family type with one exception: dependent dental utilization within the past year contributed positively to satisfaction across all family types. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA,DENT RES DETACHMENT,EPIDEMIOL SECT,FT GEORGE G MEADE,MD, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 162 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WG392 UT WOS:A1997WG39200011 PM 9038028 ER PT J AU Bishop, BG Donnelly, JC AF Bishop, BG Donnelly, JC TI Proposed criteria for classifying potential dental emergencies in department of defense military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNTREATED PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; MANDIBULAR 3RD MOLAR; TREATMENT POPULATION; ACUTE PERICORONITIS; FLARE-UPS; LONGEVITY; THERAPY; COMBAT; RISK; POSITION AB Dental emergencies have been well documented and evaluated. The results of dental emergencies have been lost duty time, decreased unit effectiveness, disruption of routine care, and hindrance to the military mission. The potential of dental emergencies to reduce combat effectiveness is still a major concern. The current U.S. Army and Department of Defense (DOD) military personnel dental classification system, as regulated by DOD Instruction 6410.1, places certain patients broadly into the potential emergency, class 3 category. Changes are needed to make this system more effective and predictive. In addition to various acute conditions, more emphasis should be focused on caries- and surgery-related problems to identify the majority of individuals at high risk for emergencies. Based on an extensive literature review, changes in the current system of classification are proposed. RP Bishop, BG (reprint author), USA,DENT ACTIV,BILLY JOHNSON DENT CLIN,FT HOOD,TX 76544, USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 162 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WG392 UT WOS:A1997WG39200016 PM 9038033 ER PT J AU Reardon, MJ Gonzalez, RR Pandolf, KB AF Reardon, MJ Gonzalez, RR Pandolf, KB TI Applications of predictive environmental strain models SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECTAL TEMPERATURE; HEAT; PERFORMANCE AB Researchers at the U.S. Army Research institute of Environmental Medicine have developed and validated numerical models capable of predicting the extent of physiologic strain and adverse terrain and weather-related medical consequences of military operations in harsh environments. A descriptive historical account is provided that details how physiologic models for hot and cold weather exposure have been integrated into portable field advisory devices, computer-based meteorologic planning software, and combat-oriented simulation systems. It is important that medical officers be aware of the existence of these types of decision support tools so that they can assure that outputs are interpreted in a balanced and medically realistic manner. Additionally, these modeling applications may facilitate timely preventive medicine planning and efficient dissemination of appropriate measures to prevent weather- and altitude-related illnesses and performance decrements. Such environmental response modeling applications may therefore be utilized to support deployment preventive medicine planning by field medical officers. RP Reardon, MJ (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,BIOPHYS & BIOMED MODELING DIV,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 162 IS 2 BP 136 EP 140 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WG392 UT WOS:A1997WG39200017 PM 9038034 ER PT J AU Chaudhari, A Ron, E Rethman, MP AF Chaudhari, A Ron, E Rethman, MP TI Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates differentiation in primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Bone Morphogenetic Proteins CY JUN, 1994 CL BALTIMORE, MD DE bone morphogenetic protein; BMP; osteoblasts; primary cultures; rat calvaria; ascorbic acid ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INDUCTIVE PROTEIN; GROWTH-FACTORS; BOVINE BONE; BETA FAMILY; CELLS; OSTEOGENIN; EXPRESSION; INVITRO AB Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) was examined for its in vitro effects on biochemical markers representing osteoblast phenotype. Primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts were used in this study. The results indicated that rhBMP-2 stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity, parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced cyclic AMP production, and collagen biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in confluent cultures. The percent collagen synthesis also increased in a dose-dependent manner. Alkaline phosphatase activity was stimulated in a time-dependent manner by rhBMP-2 that reached its maximum 5 days after initiation. Cycloheximide (2 mu g/ml) inhibited rhBMP-2-stimulated alkaline phosphatase indicating de novo protein synthesis of the enzyme. Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1))-induced inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity observed in confluent primary cultures was completely abolished by rhBMP-2 at a concentration that was 43 times greater than the TGF-beta(1) concentration. Also, rhBMP-2 produced a small stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in cells grown in the absence of ascorbic acid; however, the effect was greatly enhanced in cells cultivated in the presence of ascorbic acid (50 mu g/ml). In view of the potentiating effect of ascorbic acid on rhBMP-2-induced stimulation of alkaline phosphatase, we speculate that ascorbic acid could amplify the osteoinductive effects of rhBMP-2 and thereby augment the efficacy of the BMP when used as bone repair material in vivo. rhBMP-2 (4.3-86 ng/ml) did not exhibit mitogenic effects on cultured osteoblasts. These data suggest that rhBMP-2 has the ability to induce expression of various markers associated with the osteoblast phenotype in primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts. In addition, we speculate that TGF-beta(1) may play a regulatory role in BMP-induced bone formation and ascorbic acid may potentiate the effects of rhBMP-2 in vivo. C1 USA,DENT RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,BIOCHEM SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20310. FOCAL INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 167 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1023/A:1006853009828 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WJ657 UT WOS:A1997WJ65700002 PM 9059979 ER PT J AU Ding, XZ Tsokos, GC Smallridge, RC Kiang, JG AF Ding, XZ Tsokos, GC Smallridge, RC Kiang, JG TI Heat shock gene-expression in HSP-70 and HSF1 gene-transfected human epidermoid A-431 cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE transfection; heat shock factor 1; heat shock protein 70 kd; epithelia; mRNA; RT-PCR ID ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; PROTEINS; PROTECTS; DAMAGE; INJURY; HSP70; DNA AB Thermotolerant cells display attenuated heat shock protein 70 kD (HSP-70) gene expression and signal transduction such as intracellular Ca2+ concentration and inositol trisphosphate in response to sublethal heat. To further investigate the regulation of heat shock gene expression, we developed constructs containing human HSP-70 and HSF1 genes and transfected human epidermoid A-431 cells. These cells were chosen because skin cells are especially vulnerable to heat shock and other environmental stressors. We report that A431 cells can be successfully transfected with HSP-70 and HSF1 genes as shown by the elevated levels of respective message and protein. Overexpression of HSP-70 in cells transfected with HSP-70 gene led to a down-regulation of the HSF1 gene expression. Interestingly, transfection of cells with the HSF1 gene was not associated with increased expression of HSP-70. Exposure of HSF1 gene-transfected cells to heat resulted in a transient but significant increase in HSP-70 gene expression as compared to that found in vector-transfected cells, which was completely inhibited by treatment with staurosporine. In conclusion, we have demonstrated successful transfection of human A-431 cells with HSF1 and HSP-70 genes, where the regulation of their expression can be studied. RP Ding, XZ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,DIV MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 167 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1023/A:1006833522418 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA WJ657 UT WOS:A1997WJ65700014 PM 9059991 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, MS Turell, MJ Knauert, FK Lofts, RS AF Ibrahim, MS Turell, MJ Knauert, FK Lofts, RS TI Detection of Rift Valley fever virus in mosquitoes by RT-PCR SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; phlebovirus; RT-PCR; mosquito; Culex pipiens ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRAL-RNA AB A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to detect Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus RNA in experimentally infected mosquitoes was developed. The specificity of the assay was evaluated with th ree other phleboviruses; sandfly fever Sicilian (Sabin), sandfly fever Naples (Sabin) and Punta Toro (MSP 3) viruses. The relative sensitivity of the assay, determined by using RVF virus RNA extracted from serial dilutions of virus culture, was approximately 50 plaque forming units. This sensitivity level was 100-fold higher when a nested PCR procedure was used. When the RT-PCR assay was used with coded samples of intrathoracically-infected and uninfected mosquito, the assay detected the virus in ail infected mosquitoes. With this assay, it was possible to detect RVF virus RNA in a single infected mosquito in the background of 10, 25 or 50 uninfected mosquitoes. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Ibrahim, MS (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIAGNOST SYST DIV,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1996.0075 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA WK709 UT WOS:A1997WK70900006 PM 9076714 ER PT J AU Louis, ED Klatka, LA Liu, Y Fahn, S AF Louis, ED Klatka, LA Liu, Y Fahn, S TI Comparison of extrapyramidal features in 31 pathologically confirmed cases of diffuse Lewy body disease and 34 pathologically confirmed cases of Parkinson's disease SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPRANUCLEAR GAZE PALSY; PROGRESSIVE DEMENTIA; CLINICAL-FEATURES; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; BODIES; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective: To compare the extrapyramidal features of pathologically confirmed cases of diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Background: The proportion of pathologically confirmed cases of DLBD diagnosed clinically as PD is as high as 88%. Few papers focus specifically on the extrapyramidal features of DLBD, Further characterization of these features might facilitate antemortem diagnosis, in particular, distinguishing DLBD from PD, Methods: Review of prospective and retrospective clinical data on a lar ge series of pathologically diagnosed cases of DLBD (N = 31) and PD (n = 34) seen between 1984 and 1995 at Columbia-Presbyterian MedicaI Center or the University of Rochester. Results: Those with DLBD had an older mean age of onset (67.9 years) than PD (62.0 years) (z = 6.5, p < 0.0001), Rest tremor was more common;PD (85.0%) than DLBD (55.0%) (x(2) = 4.3, p = 0.038). Myoclonus was more common in DLBD (18.5%) than PD (0%) (Fisher's p = 0.021). There were no differences in rigidity, bradykinesia, dystonia, or gaze palsies, Clinical response to levodopa may have been more common in PD (100%) than DLBD (70.0%) (Fisher's p = 0.059), The occurrence of any one of four clinical features (myoclonus, absence of rest tremor, no response to levodopa, or no perceived need to treat with levodopa) was 10 times more likely in DLBD than PD (odds ratio = 10.29, 95% confidence interval = 2.58-41.11). Conclusions: We demonstrated that several clinical features distinguish DLBD from PD. These features, in combination with reported differences in cognitive and psychiatric manifestations, may be used for diagnostic purposes in distinguishing DLBD from PD in prospective longitudinal cohort studies of DLBD. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY. COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,GERTRUDE H SERGIEVSKY CTR,NEW YORK,NY. COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,DIV NEUROPATHOL,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT NEUROL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07232, AG08702]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS01863] NR 44 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 376 EP 380 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WH535 UT WOS:A1997WH53500016 PM 9040725 ER PT J AU Singh, S Bowden, CM Rai, J AF Singh, S Bowden, CM Rai, J TI Gain enhancement in lasing without inversion in an optically dense medium SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL-FIELD; BISTABILITY; REFRACTION; LASERS; SYSTEM; STATES; INDEX AB Under suitable conditions, a Lambda-type three-level system driven by a strong pump field on one of the transitions and interacting with a weak probe field exhibits gain in a probe amplitude without population inversion [A. Imamoglu, J.E. Field and S.E. Harris, Phys. Rev. Lett 66 (1991) 1154]. We present a theory of gain without population inversion in an optically dense medium where the local-field corrections that arise due to near dipole-dipole interactions, become significant. Numerical calculations that account for strong pump induced nonlinearities in the dense medium, show evidence of a large enhancement of the probe gain without population inversion in an optically dense medium. C1 USA, MISSILE COMMAND,WEAPONS SCI DIRECTORATE,AMSMI,RD, WS,ST, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35898 USA. INDIAN INST TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, KANPUR 208016, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA. RP UNIV HYDERABAD, SCH PHYS, HYDERABAD 500046, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 135 IS 1-3 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00592-5 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA WC518 UT WOS:A1997WC51800019 ER PT J AU Gentile, GP AF Gentile, GP TI Advocacy or assessment? The United States strategic bombing survey of Germany and Japan SO PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article RP Gentile, GP (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,HIST DEPT,W POINT,NY, USA. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0030-8684 J9 PAC HIST REV JI Pac. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 53 EP 79 PG 27 WC History SC History GA WN082 UT WOS:A1997WN08200003 ER PT J AU Bass, JW Vincent, JM Person, DA AF Bass, JW Vincent, JM Person, DA TI The expanding spectrum of Bartonella infections .2. Cat-scratch disease SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Bartonella henselae; Bartonella quintana; cat-scratch disease; neuroretinitis; oculoglandular syndrome of Perinaud; adenopathy; encephalopathy; seizures; coma; stellate retinopathy; visual impairment ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE INFECTION; PARINAUDS OCULOGLANDULAR SYNDROME; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; CAUSATIVE AGENT; AFIPIA-FELIS; SP-NOV; FORMERLY ROCHALIMAEA; ACUTE ENCEPHALOPATHY; BACTERIAL-INFECTION RP Bass, JW (reprint author), TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HONOLULU,HI 96859, USA. NR 134 TC 167 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1097/00006454-199702000-00002 PG 17 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA WH263 UT WOS:A1997WH26300001 PM 9041596 ER PT J AU Kant, GJ Bauman, RA Widholm, JJ Ghosh, S Sharma, N AF Kant, GJ Bauman, RA Widholm, JJ Ghosh, S Sharma, N TI Sustained stress and fixed interval performance SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE stress; fixed-interval performance; food intake; quarter-life ID DEPRESSION AB The effects of sustained stress on response rate and temporal patterning (quarter life) of rats performing either a previously learned fixed-interval schedule (FI 60) or learning an FI 60 simultaneously with stress onset were determined. Rats lived 24 h/day in operant cages, where they earned all of their food via lever-pressing. During the stress portion of each experiment, one group of rats was able to avoid or escape signalled intermittent footshock (Avoidance/Escape Group), a second group (Yoked) did not have control over shock termination, a third group never received shock (Control). Shock trials were presented around the clock at approximately 5-min intervals and the stress portion of each study lasted 1-2 weeks. We have previously reported that rats tolerate this paradigm well and avoid/escape 99% of the shock trials. In rats previously trained on the FI task, both late of responding and quarter-life values were significantly decreased on the first day of stress for both the Avoidance/Escape and Yoked Groups. Food intakes and quarter-life values were not significantly different from the controls by stress Days 3 and 2, respectively. In the acquisition study, controls learned the FI task by Day 4 as judged by quarter-life of responding. FI task acquisition was significantly impaired in stressed rats compared to controls, not reaching asymptotic performance until Day 9 of stress. There were no major differences between the 2 stress groups in either study. These data demonstrate that stress may impair both the rate and patterning of behavior, and suggest that this rodent paradigm may usefully model some aspects of the effects of stress in humans. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Kant, GJ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0031-9384(96)00372-1 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA WG487 UT WOS:A1997WG48700019 PM 9035259 ER PT J AU Doyle, ME Labbate, LA AF Doyle, ME Labbate, LA TI Incidence of HIV infection among patients with new-onset psychosis SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; YOUNG-ADULTS; SEROCONVERSION; TRENDS AB To assess the frequency of HIV testing and the incidence of HIV infection among patients with new-onset psychosis, the records of 811 patients referred to a military hospital for acute psychosis during a two-year period were reviewed. Records of 518 patients were excluded because they had known chronic psychotic illnesses, repeat admissions for recurrent affective disorders with psychotic features, delirium, dementia, or pre-existing HIV infection. Of the 293 patients with new-onset psychotic illness, 84 percent (N = 246) were tested for HIV antibodies. None were seropositive for HIV. Although patients with new-onset psychosis were commonly assessed for HIV infection to clarify their diagnosis, HIV infection was not associated with new-onset psychosis. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIATR SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA WG884 UT WOS:A1997WG88400016 PM 9021857 ER PT J AU Bakshi, PR AF Bakshi, PR TI An overview of renewable energy commercialization in India SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article RP Bakshi, PR (reprint author), RRB CONSULTANTS & ENGINEERS PVT LTD,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,NEW DELHI,INDIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD FEB-MAR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/0960-1481(96)00091-2 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA VU499 UT WOS:A1997VU49900044 ER PT J AU McGuire, WP Hoskins, WJ Brady, MF Kucera, PR Partridge, EE Look, KY ClarkPearson, DL Davidson, M AF McGuire, WP Hoskins, WJ Brady, MF Kucera, PR Partridge, EE Look, KY ClarkPearson, DL Davidson, M TI Comparison of combination therapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin versus cyclophosphamide and cisplatin in patients with suboptimal stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer: A gynecologic oncology group study SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fox-Chase-Center and Free-University-Hospital Investigators Workshop and Consensus Conference on Paclitaxel - Part 3: Gynecologic Malignancies, Head and Neck Cancer, and Other Tumor Types CY JAN 18-20, 1996 CL MARRAKECH, MOROCCO SP Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Free Univ Hosp Invest, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEPT SURG,GYNECOL SERV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CORNELL UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NEW YORK,NY. ROSWELL PK CANC INST,GYNECOL ONCOL GRP,STAT OFF,BUFFALO,NY. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV GYNECOL ONCOL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV GYNECOL ONCOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,DIV OBSTET & GYNECOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. DUKE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV GYNECOL ONCOL,DURHAM,NC. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,AREA LAB SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 SU 2 BP S13 EP S16 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA WJ936 UT WOS:A1997WJ93600003 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ McLane, GF Constantine, C AF Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ McLane, GF Constantine, C TI Reactive ion etching of III-V nitrides SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on III-V Nitrides (TWN 95) CY SEP 21-23, 1995 CL CONGRESS CTR, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP AOARD, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE EDS, IEEE LEOS HO CONGRESS CTR ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GAN; INN; PLASMAS; ALN; GROWTH; BCL3; AIN AB The chemical inertness and high bond strengths of the III-V nitrides lead to slower plasma etching rates than for more conventional III-V semiconductors under the same conditions. High ion density conditions (>3 x 10(11) cm(-3) ) such as those obtained in ECR or magnetron reactors produce etch rates up to an order of magnitude higher than for RIE, where the ion densities are in the 10(9)cm(-3) range. We have developed smooth anisotropic dry etches for GaN, InN, AIN and their alloy based on Cl-2/CH4/H-2/Ar, BCl3/Ar, Cl-2/H-2, Cl-2/SF6, HBr/H-2 and HI/H-2 plasma chemistries achieving etch rates up to similar to 4000 Angstrom/min at moderate d.c. bias voltages (less than or equal to -150 V). Ion-induced damage in the nitrides appears to be less apparent than in other III-Vs. One of the key remaining issues is the achievement of high selectivities for removal of one layer from another. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. PLASMA THERM IP,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33716. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(96)00158-X PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WF763 UT WOS:A1997WF76300009 ER PT J AU Zavada, JM Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Mackenzie, JD Mileham, JR Wilson, RG Schwartz, RN HaggerottCrawford, M Shul, RJ Kilcoyne, SP Zhang, D Kolbas, RM AF Zavada, JM Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Mackenzie, JD Mileham, JR Wilson, RG Schwartz, RN HaggerottCrawford, M Shul, RJ Kilcoyne, SP Zhang, D Kolbas, RM TI Microdisk laser structures formed in III-V nitride epilayers SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on III-V Nitrides (TWN 95) CY SEP 21-23, 1995 CL CONGRESS CTR, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP AOARD, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE EDS, IEEE LEOS HO CONGRESS CTR AB Several kinds of nitride-based micro-resonators have been fabricated. Firstly, a microdisk laser structure comprising three InGaN/GaN quantum wells on a thick AIN buffer has been grown by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy and fabricated using a combination of non-selective Cl-2/CH4/H-2/Ar dry etching and selective KOH-based wet etching of the AlN. These structures are of potential use in short wavelength photonic or optoelectronic circuits. In a second structure Er was implanted into a GaN layer to produce strong emission at 1.54 mu m. Similar results have been obtained in Er-implanted AIN, and AIN doped during epitaxial growth. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Zavada, JM (reprint author), USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(96)00244-4 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WF763 UT WOS:A1997WF76300049 ER PT J AU Garshnek, V Logan, JS Hassell, LH AF Garshnek, V Logan, JS Hassell, LH TI The telemedicine frontier: Going the extra mile SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL REALITY; SATELLITE AB Telemedicine has the potential to have a greater impact on the future of medicine than any other modality and will profoundly alter the medical landscape of the twenty-first century. In the most remote areas, it can bring high-quality health care where none is now available. In global health care, it can enhance and standardize the quality of medical care, including developing countries. In the realm of space flight, it can provide a lifeline to medical expertise and monitoring. Through its mobility, it can provide urgently needed health care in instances of natural disaster. However, a number of challenges exist in its coordination and implementation on a global scale, specifically in the international and remote disaster scenarios. In the area of spaceflight, telemedicine capability will remain a consultation/information ''lifeline'', but additional onboard medical capability and expertise will become crucial complements as missions become more advanced and remote from Earth. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 LOGAN & ASSOCIATES,NORMAN,OK. RP Garshnek, V (reprint author), TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,AKAMAI TELEMED EVALUAT INITIAT,1 JARRETT WHITE RD,HONOLULU,HI 96859, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0265-9646(96)00036-7 PG 10 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XC726 UT WOS:A1997XC72600004 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Wassef, NM Hartman, KR Rudolph, AS Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Wassef, NM Hartman, KR Rudolph, AS Alving, CR TI Complement activation in vitro by the red cell substitute, liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: Mechanism of activation and inhibition by soluble complement receptor type 1 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; PATHWAY ACTIVATION; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY; HEMODIALYSIS; SYSTEM; ERYTHROCYTES; CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD AB BACKGROUND: Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) has been developed as an emergency blood substitute, yet its effect on human complement has never been explored. Considering that complement activation is a major pathogenic factor in the respiratory distress syndrome that often develops in trauma and shock, LEH-induced complement activation may be a critical safety issue. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Various LEH and corresponding empty liposomes were incubated with normal human sera, and various markers of complement activation (serum levels of C4d, Bb, SC5b-9, and CH50; C5a-induced granulocyte aggregation; membrane deposition of C3b) were measured. Incubations were also performed in the presence of (ethylene-bis[oxyethylenenitrilo]tetraacetic acid) (EGTA) and Mg++ (EGTA/Mg++) and soluble complement receptor type 1. RESULTS: LEH and liposomes activated human complement, as indicated by significant changes in one or more markers. The effect was primarily due to the presence of the phospholipid vehicle; small, unilamellar, highly homodispersed vesicles induced the greatest degree of complement activation. Complement activation was partially inhibited by EGTA/Mg++. The latter finding, together with the parallel increases in serum C4d and Bb, suggests activation of both the classical and alternative pathways. Soluble complement receptor type 1 (0.05-20 mu g/mL) efficiently inhibited all vesicle-induced complement activation. CONCLUSION: Because of complement activation, the use of LEH for transfusion may require careful evaluation of safety. Soluble complement receptor type 1 may be useful as a prophylactic agent for complement activation-related complications of liposome infusions. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MEMBRANE BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NAVAL RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 59 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.37297203517.x PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA WJ594 UT WOS:A1997WJ59400007 PM 9051089 ER PT J AU Woody, MA Krakauer, T Stiles, BG AF Woody, MA Krakauer, T Stiles, BG TI Staphylococcal enterotoxin B mutants (N23K and F44S): Biological effects and vaccine potential in a mouse model SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE staphylococcal enterotoxin B; mutant proteins; superantigen vaccines ID TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; STREPTOCOCCAL PYROGENIC TOXINS; T-CELL ACTIVATION; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; CYTOKINE RELEASE; SUPERANTIGEN; ANTIBODIES; SITE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB Superantigens produced by Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. The biological activities and vaccine potential of mutant staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) proteins, N23K and F44S, were studied in a lipopolysaccharide-potentiated mouse model. Although 10 mu g of SEB per mouse is equivalent to 30 LD(50), the same intraperitoneal dose of either mutant protein was nonlethal and did not elevate serum levels of tumor necrosis factors (TNF). N23K, F44S, and SEB were serologically identical in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal anti-SEB. Immunization with alum containing N23K, F44S, or SEB elicited an anti-SEB response that protected 80-87% of the mice against a 10 mu g SEB challenge. Controls lacking an anti-SEB titer did not survive. Pooled sera from immunized mice effectively, blocked SEB-induced T-cell proliferation in vitro. Naive mice survived a lethal SEB challenge when given pooled antisera 1, 2, or 4 h later, whereas the antisera failed to protect animals when administered 6 or 8 h after the toxin. Lethality at the Inter times was consistent with increased serum levels of TNF observed 6 h after SEB injection. These studies suggest that the N23K and F44S mutant proteins of SEB are less biologically active than the wild-type toxin, yet retain epitopes useful for eliciting a protective antibody response. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT IMMUNOL & MOL BIOL,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB PY 1997 VL 15 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(96)00166-1 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA WK883 UT WOS:A1997WK88300006 PM 9066029 ER PT J AU Romero, JD Outschoorn, IM AF Romero, JD Outschoorn, IM TI The immune response to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group B SO ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY VIROLOGY PARASITOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K1; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; SIALIC-ACID; NATURAL AUTOANTIBODIES; GROUP-A; ANTIGENS C1 INST SALUD CARLOS III,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,UNIDAD RESPUESTA INMUNE,MADRID 28220,SPAIN. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0934-8840 J9 ZBL BAKT-INT J MED M JI Zent.bl. Bakteriol.-Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Virol. Parasitol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 285 IS 3 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA WQ268 UT WOS:A1997WQ26800001 PM 9084108 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL TI Intermolecular potential for the hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine crystal (RDX): A crystal packing, Monte Carlo, and molecular dynamics study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FORCE-FIELD; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; MODEL; MINIMIZATION; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHM AB We have developed an intermolecular potential that describes the structure of the alpha-form of the hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX) crystal. The potential is composed of pairwise atom-atom (6-exp) Buckingham interactions and charge-charge interactions. The parameters of the Buckingham repulsion-dispersion terms have been determined through a combination of nonlinear least-squares fitting to observed crystal structures and lattice energies and trial-and-error adjustment. Crystal packing calculations were performed to determine the equilibrium crystallographic structure and lattice energy of the model. Then are no significant differences in the geometrical structures and crystal energies resulting from minimization of the lattice energy with and without symmetry constraints. Further testing of the intermolecular potential has been done by performing symmetry-constrained isothermal-isobaric Monte Carlo simulations. The properties of the crystal (lattice dimensions, molecular orientation, and lattice energy) determined from Monte Carlo simulations at temperatures over the range 4.2-300 K indicate good agreement with experimental data. The intermolecular potential was also subjected to isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics calculations at ambient pressure for temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 325 K. Crystal structures at 300 K are in outstanding agreement with experiment (within 2% of lattice dimensions and almost no rotational and translational disorder of the molecules in the unit cell). The space-group symmetry was maintained throughout the simulations. Thermal expansion coefficients were determined for the model and are in reasonable accord with experiment. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. NR 51 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 30 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 5 BP 798 EP 808 DI 10.1021/jp9624865 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WL110 UT WOS:A1997WL11000016 ER PT J AU Lockridge, O Blong, RM Masson, P Froment, MT Millard, CB Broomfield, CA AF Lockridge, O Blong, RM Masson, P Froment, MT Millard, CB Broomfield, CA TI A single amino acid substitution, Gly117His, confers phosphotriesterase (organophosphorus acid anhydride hydrolase) activity on human butyrylcholinesterase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PLASMA CHOLINESTERASE; HUMAN-SERUM-CHOLINESTERASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; SUCCINYLCHOLINE; MUTAGENESIS; APNEA AB The G117H mutant of human butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Substitution of Gly 117 with His to make the G117H mutant endowed butyrylcholinesterase with the ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of organophosphate esters, G117H was still able to hydrolyze butyrylthiocholine, benzoylcholine, and o-nitrophenyl butyrate, but in addition it had acquired the ability to hydrolyze the antiglaucoma drug echothiophate and the pesticide paraoxon. Wild-type butyrylcholinesterase was irreversibly inhibited by echothiophate and paraoxon, but G117H regained 100% activity within 2-3 min following reaction with these compounds. On a polyacrylamide gel, the same bands that stained for activity with butyrylthiocholine also stained for activity with echothiophate. G117H is the only enzyme known that hydrolyzes echothiophate. Diethoxyphosphorylated G117H aged with a half-time of 5.5 h, a rate 600 times slower than the rate of hydrolysis. Echothiophate and paraoxon were hydrolyzed with the same k(cat) of 0.75 min(-1). This calculates to a rate acceleration of 100 000-fold for hydrolysis of echothiophate and paraoxon by the G117H mutant compared to the nonenzymatic rate. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,OMAHA,NE 68198. SERV SANTE ARMEES,CTR RECH,UNITE BIOCHIM,F-38700 LA TRONCHE,FRANCE. USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Lockridge, O (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,EPPLEY INST,600 S 42ND ST,OMAHA,NE 68198, USA. RI Masson, Patrick/J-3964-2013 OI Masson, Patrick/0000-0002-7837-3662 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA 36727] NR 47 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 28 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 786 EP 795 DI 10.1021/bi961412g PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WF070 UT WOS:A1997WF07000014 PM 9020776 ER PT J AU Chao, LL Cargill, GS Levy, M Osgood, RM McLane, GF AF Chao, LL Cargill, GS Levy, M Osgood, RM McLane, GF TI Cathodoluminescence study of GaAs quantum wells and of submicron dots fabricated by magnetron reactive ion etching SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS/ALGAAS AB Cathodoluminescence has been employed to investigate the luminescence and lateral transport properties of excited carriers at 8 K in GaAs-AlGaAs quantum well material and in submicron features fabricated in this material by magnetron reactive ion etching. A carrier diffusion length of 0.85+/-0.04 mu m in quantum wells and a surface recombination velocity (5.4+/-0.8)x 10(3) m/s at etched sidewalls were measured. Also, the effect of feature size on luminescence efficiency was examined and compared with model calculations using the measured values of diffusion length and surface recombination velocity. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLUMBIA RADIAT LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10027. USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. RP Chao, LL (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN MAT SCI & MIN ENGN,NEW YORK,NY 10027, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 4 BP 408 EP 410 DI 10.1063/1.119124 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WE457 UT WOS:A1997WE45700002 ER PT J AU Andrews, LC Phillips, RL Miller, WB AF Andrews, LC Phillips, RL Miller, WB TI Mutual coherence function for a double-passage retroreflected optical wave in atmospheric turbulence SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BEAM WAVE; SPECTRAL MODEL; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION AB The mutual coherence function in the source-receiver plane of a reflected Gaussian beam wave from a retroreflector is calculated and analyzed for two refractive-index spectral models and compared with similar results for the case of a plane mirror. Specific expressions are calculated for the mean irradiance and spatial coherence radius based on a Gaussian model for the finite reflector. Results that we obtained here using a modified spectrum with a high wave-number rise and inner scale generally show greater amplitude enhancements in the reflected wave than predicted by the pure power-law spectrum of Kolmogorov. In contrast, a finite outer scale in the spectral model leads to a reduction in the amount of beam spreading caused by turbulence and, in the case of a retroreflector, also leads to a reduction in the peak amplitude enhancement on the optical axis. This last result is in contrast with a plane mirror reflector, in which outer scale effects tend to increase the peak amplitude enhancement on the optical axis. The theory also predicts that, except for small reflectors, the coherence radius associated with a retroreflector can be as much as 1.4 times larger than that associated with a plane mirror, and 1.2 times that of a bistatic configuration for a plane mirror. All calculations are based on weak fluctuation theory and generalized spectral representations that use complex ABCD ray matrices. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CTR RES EDUC OPT & LASERS,ORLANDO,FL 32816. USA,RES LAB,BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONM DIRECTORATE,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002. RP Andrews, LC (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT MATH,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 698 EP 708 DI 10.1364/AO.36.000698 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA WD524 UT WOS:A1997WD52400025 PM 18250728 ER PT J AU Laszlo, B Huie, RE Kurylo, MJ Miziolek, AW AF Laszlo, B Huie, RE Kurylo, MJ Miziolek, AW TI Kinetic studies of the reactions of BrO and IO radicals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ozone in the Lower Stratosphere CY 1995 CL HALKIDIKI, GREECE SP European Commiss DG XII, WMO, NASA, NOAA, IOC, SPARC, LAP ID PHOTOLYSIS; BR-2 AB The 193-nm laser photolysis of Br-2/N2O mixtures in N-2 buffer has been utilized to determine the absorption cross section of BrO and to study the reactions of O(P-3) with Br-2, O(P-3) with BrO, and the self reaction of BrO at room temperature. The measured kinetic data are in good agreement with the literature values. Molecular bromine formation in the self-reaction of BrO can be described by the concerted steps of Br+BrO-->BrOBr and Br+BrOBr-->Br-2+BrO. From a curve fitting of the simultaneously monitored BrO and IO decays in the Br-2/I-2/N2O system, room temperature rate constants for the BrO+IO-->Products and I+BrO-->IO+Br reactions of (6.9+/-2.7)x10(11) cm(3)/molecule/s and (1.2+/10.6)x10(-11) cm(3)/molecule/s, respectively, were derived. Similar experiments using IBr, instead of Br-2/I-2, revealed a marked sensitivity of the rate constant analysis to the accessible ratio of radical concentrations. Kinetic analysis of this complex reaction system is presented. C1 USA, RES LAB, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D1 BP 1523 EP 1532 DI 10.1029/96JD00458 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE445 UT WOS:A1997WE44500030 ER PT J AU Dave, JR Bauman, RA Long, JB AF Dave, JR Bauman, RA Long, JB TI Hypoxia potentiates traumatic brain injury-induced expression of c-fos in rats SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE c-fos mRNA; fluid percussion; hypoxia; immediate-early genes; ischemia; oncogene activation; rat brain; traumatic brain injury ID CORTICAL IMPACT INJURY; MESSENGER-RNA; ACCUMULATION; INDUCTION; CALCIUM; NMDA AB HALOTHANE-anesthetized male rats were subjected to either moderately severe parasagittal fluid percussion-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) or sham injury, and for 30 min immediately after injury hypoxia was induced in half the rats from each group by substituting a 13% O-2, source to deliver halothane for continued anesthesia. At 60 min post-TBI, Northern blot analysis showed a significant increase in c-fos mRNA levels, by 60-100% above sham control levels in the frontal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. Although hypoxia in sham-injured rats did not by itself alter c-fos mRNA levels, it did significantly potentiate the TBI-induced changes in c-fos mRNA in all three brain regions. These findings show that hypoxia is an important factor influencing genomic responses to TBI. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV NEUROSCI,BLDG 40,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1097/00001756-199701200-00002 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WX340 UT WOS:A1997WX34000003 PM 9080414 ER PT J AU Cohen, D Ashkenazi, S Green, MS Gdalevich, M Robin, G Slepon, R Yavzori, M Orr, N Block, C Ashkenazi, I Shemer, J Taylor, DN Hale, TL Sadoff, JC Pavliakova, D Schneerson, R Robbins, JB AF Cohen, D Ashkenazi, S Green, MS Gdalevich, M Robin, G Slepon, R Yavzori, M Orr, N Block, C Ashkenazi, I Shemer, J Taylor, DN Hale, TL Sadoff, JC Pavliakova, D Schneerson, R Robbins, JB TI Double-blind vaccine-controlled randomised efficacy trial of an investigational Shigella sonnei conjugate vaccine in young adults SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE O-ANTIGEN; SERUM ANTIBODIES; ORAL VACCINATION; FLEXNERI; POLYSACCHARIDE; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; CANDIDATE; IMMUNITY; ISRAEL AB Background The aim of this double-blind randomised vaccine-controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of a conjugate vaccine composed of Shigella sonnei O-specific polysaccharide bound to Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A (S sonnei-rEPA) and of an oral, live-attenuated Escherichia coli/S flexneri 2a (EcSf2a-2) hybrid vaccine among military recruits in Israel at high risk of exposure to Shigella spp. We report here our preliminary findings on the efficacy of S sonnei-rEPA; we have not documented sufficient cases to assess the efficacy of EcSf2a-2. Methods Between April, 1993, and August, 1994, male Israeli military recruits aged 18-22 years were asked to take part in our study. We enrolled 1446 soldiers from seven separate field sites (groups A-G). Soldiers were randomly allocated one injection of S sonnei-rEPA and four doses of oral placebo (n=576), four oral doses of EcSf2a-2 and one injection of saline placebo (n=580), or one injection of meningococcal tetravalent control vaccine and four doses of oral placebo (n=290). Because there were no cases of S flexneri 2a, the EcSf2a-2 and meningococcal vaccines were the control group. We defined S sonnei shigellosis as diarrhoea with a positive faecal culture for S sonnei. Each group of soldiers was followed up for 2.5-7.0 months. The primary endpoint was protective efficacy of S sonnei-rEPA against S sonnei shigellosis. Findings Cases of culture-proven S sonnei shigellosis occurred in four groups of soldiers (groups A-D), which comprised 787 volunteers (312 received S sonnei-rEPA, 316 received EcSf2a-2, and 159 received meningococcal control vaccine). In groups A-C, cases of shigellosis occurred 70-155 days after vaccination, whereas in group D cases occurred after 1-17 days. In groups A-C, the attack rate of shigellosis was 2.2% in recipients of S sonnei-rEPA compared with 8.6% in controls (protective efficacy 74% [95% CI 28-100], p=0.006). S sonnei-rEPA also showed significant protection against shigellosis in group D (43% [4-82], p=0.039). Prevaccination and postvaccination ELISA measurements of antibody to S sonnei lipopolysaccharide among recipients of S sonnei-rEPA showed that the vaccinees who developed S sonnei shigellosis had significantly lower serum IgG and IgA responses to the homologous lipopolysaccharide than those who did not (p=<0.05). Interpretation One injection of S sonnei-rEPA confers type specific protection against S sonnei shigellosis. The high antibody concentration induced by the conjugate vaccine in volunteers who did not develop shigellosis suggests that there is an association between serum antibody titre and protection. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER SCH MED,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH MED SCH,IL-91010 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NICHHD,DEV & MOL IMMUN LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD. RP Cohen, D (reprint author), CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,ISRAEL DEF FORCES MED CORPS,MIL POST 02149,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. NR 28 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 18 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9046 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)06255-1 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WC861 UT WOS:A1997WC86100008 PM 9111538 ER PT J AU Bangalore, AS Small, GW Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Kroutil, RT Traynor, CA Ko, JD AF Bangalore, AS Small, GW Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Kroutil, RT Traynor, CA Ko, JD TI Automated detection of trichloroethylene by Fourier transform infrared remote sensing measurements SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pittsburgh Conference CY MAR 06-10, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS; INTERFEROGRAMS; DESIGN; VAPOR AB Passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) remote sensing measurements are used to implement the automated detection of trichloroethylene (TCE) vapor in the presence of a variety of infrared background signatures, Through the use of a combination of bandpass digital filtering and piecewise linear discriminant analysis, this detection procedure is applied directly to short segments of the interferogram data collected by the FT-LR spectrometer, Data employed id this work were collected during open-air/passive cell terrestrial and passive cell laboratory measurements, infrared backgrounds employed included terrain, low-angle sky, and water backgrounds, in addition to laboratory blackbody measurements, Other potentially interfering chemical species present were carbon tetrachloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). These data are used to assemble two data sets of differing complexity, Optimization studies are performed separately with each. data set to study the influence of filter bandpass position, bandpass width, interferogram segment location, and segment size on the ability to detect TCE, The optimal parameters found consist of a Gaussian-shaped filter positioned at 939.5 cm(-1), with a width at half-height of 123.4 cm(-1). This filter is applied to interferogram points 111-220 (relative to the center-burst), When applied to a prediction set of 60 000 interferograms, the piecewise linear discriminant developed on the basis of these optimal parameters is found to detect TCE successfully in 96.2% of the cases in which it is present, The overall rate of false detections is 0.5%, The limit of detection of TCE is found to be 102 ppm-m at a temperature difference of 10.5 degrees C between the infrared background and the analyte, SF6 is observed to provide the greatest spectral interference among the compounds tested, producing a false detection rate of 8.6%, It is found that this false detection rate can be reduced to 1.5% through tile development of a probability-based interpretation of the piecewise Linear discriminant results, These results are observed to compare favorably with those obtained in a separate analysis of filtered single-beam spectra. C1 OHIO UNIV, DEPT CHEM, CLIPPINGER LABS, CTR INTELLIGENT CHEM INSTRUMENTAT, ATHENS, OH 45701 USA. USA, CTR DEV & ENGN, EDGEWOOD RES, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 USA. ARPA, HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP APPLICAT, ARLINGTON, VA 22204 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 2 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1021/ac9604200 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WC045 UT WOS:A1997WC04500002 ER PT J AU Krieger, JB Li, Y Liu, YL Iafrate, GJ AF Krieger, JB Li, Y Liu, YL Iafrate, GJ TI Simplified accurate approximation for the Kohn-Sham potential using the KLI method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Applications of DFT in Chemistry and Physics CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 1995 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DERIVATIVE DISCONTINUITIES; EXCHANGE; ENERGY AB The method of Krieger, Li, and Iafrate (KLI) [Phys. Rev. A46, 5453 (1992) and A47, 165 (1993)] is employed to calculate the Kohn-Sham (KS) potential, V-x sigma, for the exchange-only case in which the electron-electron interaction between ''core'' electrons in the Hartree-Fock exchange energy functional is treated in the local-spin-density (LSD) approximation with and without self-interaction-correction (SIG). The resulting V-x sigma(r) maintains the important analytic properties exhibited by the exact KS potential. When the core is taken to include all occupied states except those in the last two occupied subshells of the atom, we find that properties strongly dependent on the valence electron states continue to be accurately approximated. In particular, when the LSDSIC approximation is employed, we find the results of self-consistent calculations of the ionization potential and electron affinity are within 0.3 mRy of the exact KS results and that the energy eigenvalue corresponding to the highest energy occupied orbital and [r(2)] have an average error of a few tenths of 1% for both atoms and negative ions for Z less than or equal to 20. Similarly, slightly less accurate results are obtained when the LSD approximation is employed. These results suggest that the KLI method may be accurately and more easily applied to multiatom systems when this additional approximation is made. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Krieger, JB (reprint author), CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,DEPT PHYS,BROOKLYN,NY 11210, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 273 EP 279 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA VY651 UT WOS:A1997VY65100010 ER PT J AU Vanlandingham, MR McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Eduljee, RF Gillespie, JW McCulough, RL AF Vanlandingham, MR McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Eduljee, RF Gillespie, JW McCulough, RL TI Relating elastic modulus to indentation response using atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; SCALE C1 MAT DIRECTORATE,ARMY RES LAB,WILMINGTON,DE 19898. UNIV DELAWARE,CTR COMPOSITE MAT,NEWARK,DE 19716. RP Vanlandingham, MR (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,CTR COMPOSITE MAT,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. NR 10 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 8 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 117 EP 119 DI 10.1023/A:1018533708655 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WE274 UT WOS:A1997WE27400008 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA Zhao, MJ Anderson, DZ AF Vorontsov, MA Zhao, MJ Anderson, DZ TI Nonlinear dynamics of a 2D feedback system with photorefractive gain SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB We introduce a liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) based nonlinear optical system having a two-wave mixing photorefractive amplifier in a two-dimensional (2D) diffractive feedback loop. Experimental results demonstrate evidence of suppression of the influence of phase distortions caused both by the gain medium and by input beam (signal and pump) wavefront aberrations. When system feedback field intensity was increased we observed the formation of hexagonal transverse patterns. An increase in total intensity inside the photorefractive media resulted in the appearance of self-induced traveling waves. C1 USA,RES LAB,BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONM DIRECTORATE,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-6 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00506-8 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA WB601 UT WOS:A1997WB60100037 ER PT J AU Cimecioglu, AL Ball, DH Huang, SH Kaplan, DL AF Cimecioglu, AL Ball, DH Huang, SH Kaplan, DL TI A direct regioselective route to 6-azido-6-deoxy polysaccharides under mild and homogeneous conditions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID N-CHLOROSUCCINIMIDE-TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE; LITHIUM CHLORIDE-N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE; CHLORINATION; CHITIN C1 USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,DIV BIOTECHNOL,NATICK,MA 01760. UNIV CONNECTICUT,INST MAT SCI,POLYMER SCI PROGRAM,STORRS,CT 06269. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 13 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 155 EP 156 DI 10.1021/ma961282j PG 2 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA WC683 UT WOS:A1997WC68300023 ER PT J AU Stoute, JA Slaoui, M Heppner, DG Momin, P Kester, KE Desmons, P Wellde, BT Garcon, N Krzych, U Marchand, M Ballou, WR Cohen, JD AF Stoute, JA Slaoui, M Heppner, DG Momin, P Kester, KE Desmons, P Wellde, BT Garcon, N Krzych, U Marchand, M Ballou, WR Cohen, JD TI A preliminary evaluation of a recombinant circumsporozoite protein vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID B SURFACE-ANTIGEN; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; ASSOCIATION; EPITOPE AB Background The candidate vaccines against malaria are poorly immunogenic and thus have been ineffective in preventing infection. We developed a vaccine based on the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum that incorporates adjuvants selected to enhance the immune response. Methods The antigen consists of a hybrid in which the circumsporozoite protein fused to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is expressed together with unfused HBsAg. We evaluated three formulations of this antigen in an unblinded trial in 46 subjects who had never been exposed to malaria. Results Two of the vaccine formulations were highly immunogenic. Four subjects had adverse systemic reactions that may have resulted from the intensity of the immune response after the second dose, which led us to reduce the third dose. Twenty-two vaccinated subjects and six unimmunized controls under went a challenge consisting of bites from mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum. Malaria developed in all six control subjects, seven of eight subjects who received vaccine 1, and five of seven subjects who received vaccine 2. In contrast, only one of seven subjects who received vaccine 3 became infected (relative risk of infection, 0.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.88; P<0.005). Conclusions A recombinant vaccine based on fusion of the circumsporozoite protein and HBsAg plus a potent adjuvant can protect against experimental challenge with P. falciparum sporozoites. After additional studies of protective immunity and the vaccination schedule, field trials are indicated for this new vaccine against P. falciparum malaria. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,RIXENSART,BELGIUM. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 NR 33 TC 582 Z9 594 U1 3 U2 41 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 9 PY 1997 VL 336 IS 2 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.1056/NEJM199701093360202 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WC481 UT WOS:A1997WC48100002 PM 8988885 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Morgan, TO Jacobson, SJ AF Moul, JW Morgan, TO Jacobson, SJ TI Prostate-specific antigen in black men - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 9 PY 1997 VL 336 IS 2 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WC481 UT WOS:A1997WC48100016 ER PT B AU Watkins, WR Jordan, JB Trivedi, MM AF Watkins, WR Jordan, JB Trivedi, MM BE Shladov, I Rotman, SR TI Novel applications of hyperstereo vision SO 10TH MEETING ON OPTICAL ENGINEERING IN ISRAEL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Optical Engineering in Israel CY MAR 02-06, 1997 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Assoc Engineers & Architects Israel, Soc Chem Engineers & Chemists, Soc Sci & Software Engn, Israel Laser & Electro Opt Soc, State Israel Minist Sci, State Israel Minist Ind & Trade, Off Chief Scientist, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Commiss Opt, European Opt Soc, Asia Pacific Opt Federat, Electroopt Ind Ltd, Israel AB Recent stereo vision experiments show potential in enhancing vehicular navigation, target acquisition, and optical turbulence mitigation. The experiments involved the use of stereo vision headsets connected to visible and 8-12 mu m IR imagers. The imagers were separated by up to 50 m (i.e., wider platform separation than human vision, or hyperstereo) and equipped with telescopes for viewing at ranges of tens of meters up to 4 km. The important findings were: (1) human viewers were able to discern terrain undulations for obstacle avoidance, (2) human viewers were able to detect depth features within the scenes that enhanced the target acquisition process over using monocular viewing, and (3) human viewers noted appreciable reduction in the distorting effects of optical turbulence over that observed through a single monocular channel. For navigation, stereo goggles were developed for headset display and simultaneous direct vision for vehicular navigation enhancement. For detection, the depth cues can be used to detect even salient target features. For optical turbulence, the human mechanism of fusing two views into a single perceived scene can be used to provide nearly undistorted perception. These experiments show significant improvement for many applications. RP Watkins, WR (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2532-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3110 BP 72 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.281393 PN 1&2 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ74X UT WOS:A1997BJ74X00007 ER PT B AU Podlesak, TF Singh, H Schneider, S Behr, S AF Podlesak, TF Singh, H Schneider, S Behr, S BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI High peak current burst repetitive operation of a 125mm thyristor SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB Repetitive operation of symmetric 125-mm thyristors has been demonstrated under burst conditions consistent with some electric gun applications. The thyristor was produced by Silicon Power Corp. and utilizes a unique compact package that provides for double-sided cooling with a thermal resistance from junction to sink of 0.0033 WW. Single shot testing(1) was performed using a 10-m Omega pulse-forming network with a total capacitance of 21 mF into a matched load to determine operational limits. Computer simulations of the temporal behavior of the device using actual current pulse shapes were consistent with the experimental results. The device operated in a satisfactory manner at 120 kA peak current. Repetition rate testing was performed under burst conditions with large voltage reversals at the end of the pulse. A 26-m Omega PFN with total capacitance of 14 mF charged to 3 kV with a stored energy of 63 kJ was initially operated into a mismatched load of 13 m Omega. This provided a peak forward current of 75 kA and transferred charge of 45.4 C and a peak reverse current of 2.5 kA and 0.029 C residual charge. At the end of the pulse a negative voltage spike of -1.8 kV of 12 mu s duration was generated with -0.86 kV remaining on the network. Since no deleterious effects were observed, all additional tests were performed with a shorted toad. The pulse amplitude was 111 kA (64.5 C) with a di/dt of 800 A/mu s. At the end of the pulse, a negative pulse of -4.2 kV of 13 mu s duration was generated with -2.3 kV remaining on the network. A peak reverse current of -5.5 kA (0.049 C) with a di/dt of - 600 A/mu s and 21 mu s duration was observed. Pulse bursts were generated at 6 pulses per minute (PPM) for 10 pulses, and at 12 PPM for 5 pulses. Recovery characteristics were typical of normal recovery, with no evidence of heating effects. No deleterious effects were observed. Failure occurred at a forward current di/dt of 1062 A/mu s and a reverse current di/dt of 812 A/mu S. A device design with involute gate structure has been developed and reliable operation with di/dt's in excess of 1 kA/mu s and higher current levels is anticipated. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 396 EP 404 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800051 ER PT B AU Buchwald, WR Balekdjian, A Conrad, J Burger, JW Schoenberg, JSH Tyo, JS Abdalla, MD Ahern, SM Skipper, MC AF Buchwald, WR Balekdjian, A Conrad, J Burger, JW Schoenberg, JSH Tyo, JS Abdalla, MD Ahern, SM Skipper, MC BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Fabrication and design issues of bulk photoconductive switches used for ultra-wideband, high-power microwave generation SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL), in collaboration with the Air Force Phillips Laboratory, has been developing the fabrication process for lateral topology, high-power photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) used in phased-array, ultra-wideband (UWB) sources. This work presents issues associated with the development of these switches. First-generation devices (1.0 cm gap spacing) have been shown to achieve sub-nanosecond risetimes, working hold-off voltages of 50 kV, switched currents of 333 A into a 75 Omega load, and lifetimes in excess of 2 x 10(6) shots at 10 Hz. Later-generation devices (0.25 gap spacing) operate at 20 kV and 1 kHz, with improved risetimes, jitter characteristics, and trigger requirements. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, EP,ED, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Buchwald, WR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, EP,ED, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 970 EP 974 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800143 ER PT B AU Hummer, CR Berning, PR Hollandsworth, CE AF Hummer, CR Berning, PR Hollandsworth, CE BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Inductance calculation of a coil gun that launches a thin plate edge-on SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB A coil gun is a type of induction launcher that induces an eddy current in a metal projectile by a time varying magnetic induction produced by a launch coil. The interaction between the magnetic induction of the coil and the eddy currents can launch the plate with the velocity vector in the plane of the plate, i.e. edge-on(1) A previous published calculation of the eddy current in thin plates(2) includes the conductivity of the plate and the time variation of the applied magnetic field, which complicates the problem. Although these features are necessary for a general treatment of the subject, they complicate the problem and may not be necessary for applications where the skin depth is small compared to the length or width of the plate. For simplification, it has been assumed that the rectangular plate has an infinite conductivity, the plate has zero thickness, the applied magnetic induction is static, and the streamline function for the eddy currents can be expressed as a polynomial with adjustable coefficients. The curl of the stream line function yields the current density distribution. Under these assumptions, the integrals that result from the application of the Biot-Savart law are in principle analytic for any order of the polynomial, but their functional forms are very complicated. Their values, however, can be found by using recursion relations(3) After the evaluation of these integrals, the coefficients of the polynomial are adjusted so that the boundary conditions far the magnetic induction are satisfied on the plate's surface. This streamline function is then used to find the mutual inductance between the launch coil and plate for the given position. This procedure is repeated for other plate positions. With these results, it is possible to design the power supply for the coil gun and to predict the plate's velocity. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP Hummer, CR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1156 EP 1161 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800175 ER PT B AU Andreas, EL Cash, BA AF Andreas, EL Cash, BA GP AMS TI The transition from forced to free convection SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USA, Cold Reg & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700017 ER PT B AU Wilson, DK AF Wilson, DK GP AMS TI A general model for two-point, second-order, turbulent velocity statistics in the convective boundary layer SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRL IS EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRL IS EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700021 ER PT B AU Cionco, RM Steele, O Moran, G AF Cionco, RM Steele, O Moran, G GP AMS TI Preliminary laser Doppler velocimeter measurements of wind profiles in an urban domain SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USA, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cionco, RM (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 368 EP 369 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700186 ER PT B AU Cionco, RM Byers, JH AF Cionco, RM Byers, JH GP AMS TI Influence of airfield structures and complex terrain upon simulated local wind fields SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Cionco, RM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 468 EP 469 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700237 ER PT B AU Hobaugh, CF AF Hobaugh, CF GP UNIV WISCONSIN, DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING CONF UNIV WISCONSIN, DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING CONF TI Interactive strategies for collaborative learning SO 13TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING: COMPETITION CONNECTION COLLABORATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning - Competition, Connection, Collaboration CY AUG 06-08, 1997 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI HO UNIV WISCONSIN AB Assigning students to work in groups has long been an accepted practice to achieve collaborative learning. This paper provides a conceptual framework for a session on interaction strategies. Thoughtful instructional design can make the use of groups effective for distance learning too. C1 USA, Staff & Fac Dev Branch, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSITY WISCONSIN DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING CONFERENCE PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B-136 LATHROP H ALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 1997 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science SC Education & Educational Research; Information Science & Library Science GA BL91H UT WOS:000077113000022 ER PT B AU Hamner, CA Maier, MW AF Hamner, CA Maier, MW GP IEEE TI Methods to reduce range glint in radars SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The topic of this paper is the investigation of methods to reduce targe range glint in pulsed radar systems. To characterize and explore the range glint phenomenon, mathematical expressions of candidate frequency diversity HRR waveforms, range distributed target models, and range centroid estimation were developed using computer modeling to simulate target range glint. Error analysis/comparison of the statistical output of these candidate frequency diversity HRR waveform models illustrated their relative abilities to reduce range glint. RP Hamner, CA (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 83 EP 102 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30M UT WOS:A1997BH30M00005 ER PT S AU Phillips, PJ Moon, H Rauss, P Rizvi, SA AF Phillips, PJ Moon, H Rauss, P Rizvi, SA GP IEEE COMP SOC TI The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms SO 1997 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS / CVPR, IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 97) CY JUN 17-19, 1997 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB Two of the most critical requirements in support of producing reliable face-recognition systems are a large database of facial images and a testing procedure to evaluate systems. The Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program has addressed both issues through the FERET database of facial images and the establishment of the FERET tests. To date, 14,126 images from 1199 individuals are included in the FERET database, which is divided into development and sequestered portions. In September 1996, the FERET program administered the third in a series of FERET face-recognition tests. The primary objectives of the third test were to (1) assess the state of the art, (2) identify future areas of research, and (3) measure algorithm performance on large databases. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL SE SE,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. RI Rauss, Patrick/A-3029-2011 NR 0 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 4 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7803-4236-4 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 1997 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1109/CVPR.1997.609311 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ30G UT WOS:A1997BJ30G00022 ER PT B AU Sadler, BM Sadler, LC Pham, T AF Sadler, BM Sadler, LC Pham, T GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Optimal and robust shockwave detection and estimation SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB We consider detection and estimation of aeroacoustic shockwaves generated by supersonic projectiles. The shockwave is an N-shaped acoustic wave. The optimal detection/estimation scheme is considered based on an additive white Gaussian noise model. The introduction of an invertible linear transformation, such as the Fourier transform or the wavelet transform, does not improve detection performance under this model. However, if unknown interference and/or model mismatch is present, linear transforms may be of use. In addition, they may significantly reduce complexity at the cost of sub-optimality. We consider the use of the wavelet transform as a means of detecting the very fast rise and fall times of the shockwave, resulting in a I-D edge detection problem. This method is effective at moderate to high SNR and is robust with respect to unknown environmental interference that will generally not exhibit singularities as sharp as the N-wave edges. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 1889 EP 1892 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00474 ER PT B AU Swami, A AF Swami, A GP IEEE COMP SOC TI On some parameter estimation problems in alpha-stable processes SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB Current algorithms for estimating the parameters of a symmetric alpha-stable ARMA process are either highly non-linear, or assume small MA orders (q less than or equal to 3), or invoke the minimum-phase assumption. We use results from the statistics literature to show that the normalized correlation is well-defined; we show that the normalized cumulants are also well-behaved. We propose to use the correlation to estimate the spectrally-equivalent minimum-phase (SEMP) parameters, and then to use the cumulants to resolve the phase of the model. We also show that correlation-based techniques (such as ESPRIT) work well for estimating the parameters of harmonics observed in alpha-stable noise. Correlation-based algorithms are shown to work well despite the infinite variance of the alpha-stable process. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL IS TA,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 3541 EP 3544 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00887 ER PT B AU Johnson, JL Padgett, ML Friday, WA AF Johnson, JL Padgett, ML Friday, WA GP IEEE TI Multiscale image factorization SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN 97) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB A new hierarchical image decomposition is described which resolves an image into a set of image product factors. The set is ordered in scale from coarse to fine image detail. When the factored set is multiplied together it reproduces the original image. By selecting factors, coarse scene elements such as shadows, and fine scene factors such as noise, can be isolated. The scale of detail is controlled by the linking strength of a pulse coupled neural network, on which the system is based. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,WEAPONS SCI DIRECTORATE,AMSMI RD WS PL,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4123-6 PY 1997 BP 1465 EP 1468 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ42Y UT WOS:A1997BJ42Y00279 ER PT S AU Fazi, C Neudeck, PG AF Fazi, C Neudeck, PG BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI Wide dynamic range RF mixers using wide-bandgap semiconductors SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB This paper describes how wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon carbide or gallium nitride, can be useful in developing a wide dynamic range rf mixer with low intermodulation distortion products, instead of using conventional narrow bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon and gallium arsenide junctions, which have limited dynamic range. A wider dynamic range mixer allows for the reception of weak rf signals, even in the presence of strong undesired signals. This feature also permits closer location of rf sources and receivers with less severe interference. Using an improved high-level mixer can lead to better communications, radar, and navigational equipment for aircraft, maritime, and other applications that share an overcrowded rf spectrum. RP Fazi, C (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 49 EP 51 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00012 ER PT S AU Phu, P Adler, E Speulstra, J Clark, J Bartlett, M Fisher, J AF Phu, P Adler, E Speulstra, J Clark, J Bartlett, M Fisher, J BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI An ultra-wideband exciter for ground-penetration radar systems SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB Waveform requirements for a ground penetration ultra-wideband exciter (UWBE) include generating a frequency spectrum over a wide bandwidth, with a low-start frequency. A scripted linear-frequency-modulated waveform is used for the frequency coverage, with the added ability of arbitrarily notching-out portions of the transmitting spectrum in which radio frequency interference (RFI) exists. This exciter uses an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), which scripts waveform packets with notches in the spectrum. The AWG is coupled to a frequency synthesizing architecture (FSA) device for waveform packet placement to create a phase-continuous broad-band response. RP Phu, P (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 1135 EP 1138 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00265 ER PT B AU Pastore, R Kosinski, JA Cui, HL AF Pastore, R Kosinski, JA Cui, HL BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Network and drive considerations for SAW input IDT frequency tuning SO 1997 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 05-08, 1997 CL TORONTO MARRIOTT EATON CTR, TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc HO TORONTO MARRIOTT EATON CTR AB Communications receivers are often faced with the problem of trying to receive a weak signal in the presence of one or more strong interfering signals. Whereas the receiver may have sufficient sensitivity to receive the weak signal against a quiet background, when the background includes one or more strong interfering signals, the receiver will be desensitized to a level determined by the strength of the largest interfering signal and the dynamic range of the receiver. In these situations, it is highly desirable to include some sort of front-end filtering to attenuate the interfering signals prior to the first gain stage. In this paper, we discuss the design of a selectable performance front-end filter using acoustic surface waves. Selectable performance will be achieved using a finite impulse response (FIR) transversal filter topology. This topology, while critical to obtaining selectable performance, is also inherently a limiting factor when implemented using acoustic surface waves. The filter will be constrained to a fixed set of delay times determined jointly by the wave velocity and the deposited metallization. The resulting performance limits on filter parameters such as center frequency, passband bandwidth, shape factor, etc. are discussed. Current plans are to implement the tap weighting scheme using silicon ASICs to do quantized weighting. Based on some preliminary modeling, a topology has been developed which should allow the passband frequency to be shifted by a programmed amount while also reducing the aliased side lobes of the transfer function. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Pastore, R (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4153-8 PY 1997 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK64T UT WOS:000072927100028 ER PT B AU Kim, Y Vig, JR AF Kim, Y Vig, JR BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Experimental results on a quartz microresonator IR sensor SO 1997 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 05-08, 1997 CL TORONTO MARRIOTT EATON CTR, TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc HO TORONTO MARRIOTT EATON CTR AB The resonance frequency of a quartz bulk acoustic wave resonator is sensitive to temperature. This sensitivity has been exploited in thermometers made of single, macroscopic quartz resonators which can accurately detect temperature changes of microkelvins. It has been theoretically shown that a microresonator can be a high performance IR sensor and sensor array, combining its small thermal mass and high thermal isolation capability, the steep frequency vs. temperature characteristics of resonators made of certain cuts of quartz, and the intrinsic low noise characteristics of quartz crystal oscillators [1]. This paper is a progress report about the measurements on prototype AC-cut microresonator IR sensors operating at a 160 MHz fundamental mode frequency. The dimensions of the microresonators were 500 x 500 x 10 mu m(3) and 600 x 600 x 10 mu m(3). A 10 nm thickness of evaporated titanium was applied to the front side of the resonators for an IR absorption coating. The sensors were measured in a vacuum chamber. A 500 K blackbody IR source irradiated the samples through a zinc selenide IR window. A detectivity D* of 8 x 10(7) cmHz(0.5)watt(-1) was achieved. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4153-8 PY 1997 BP 449 EP 453 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK64T UT WOS:000072927100092 ER PT B AU Grier, DV AF Grier, DV BE McCarl, HN Martin, WE TI The declining infrastructure of the US inland waterways system and its impacts on future bulk mineral commodity transportation and markets SO 1997 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MINERAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SOCIETY (MEMS) - SIXTH ANNUAL MEMS PROFESSIONAL MEETING: THE MINERALS INDUSTRY: RESPONDING TO THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Professional Conference of the Mineral-Economics-and-Management-Society (MEMS) - The Minerals Industry: Responding to the Global Challenge CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 1997 CL BOULDER, CO SP Mineral Econ & Management Soc, ALCAN, Bateman Engn Inc, Cyprus Amax Minerals Co, J P Morgan, Knight Piesold LLC, Newmont Gold Co AB The inland waterway system plays a vital role in our nation's commerce by allowing the movement of huge quantities of liquid and dry bulk cargoes over long distances at very low cost per ton. These commodities included significant quantities of raw minerals and mineral products. In recent years, inland waterway traffic has exceeded 620 million tons annually, accounting for about 15-20 percent of total intercity commerce by volume. About 20 percent of the coal moving to utility plants and about 50 percent of our grain exports depend on this river network. Millions of tons petroleum, chemicals, forest products, metal ores, steel products and mineral aggregates all find their way to markets along our water arteries. The federal government, through the Army Corps of Engineers, has taken the lead to develop and maintain our inland waterways infrastructure through a combination of dredging, river training works, and over 200 locks and dams. The replacement value of these improvements is estimated at over $120 billion in current dollars and annual maintenance generally tops $400 million. But about half of these locks and dams will exceed their 50-year design lives by the year 2000. At the same time traffic has continued to grow and there is a need for larger replacement locks at many locations. A new lock is an expensive proposition, ranging from $150 million to over $1 billion, depending on the type and location. Further, as the system ages the need for maintenance increases. But funding is growing tighter. The need to reduce the federal deficit is squeezing the Corps along with all other federal agencies. It may be necessary to curtail maintenance or even abandon more lightly used parts of the system. Lockage fees, congestion fees, or increased fuel taxes are all possibilities. On a more positive note, the Corps is actively pursuing alternative low cost lock designs, new traffic management technologies, and small scale features to enhance capacity at existing locks. But these latter measures only buy several more years of operation at locks that are nearing capacity or are structurally obsolete. Replacement or major rehabilitation at many locks will become necessary in the next few years if the integrity of the inland navigation system is to be preserved. As yet there is no political consensus within the government or between commercial users and other stakeholder interests (such as recreation users, environmental concerns, hydropower, and water supply) over what actions to take and how to fund them. In the meantime, a crisis is indeed looming over our inland waterways infrastructure. C1 USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,INST WATER RESOURCES,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22315. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERAL ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENTSOC PI HOUGHTON PA PO BOX 721, HOUGHTON, MI 49931-0721 PY 1997 BP 273 EP 285 PG 13 WC Business; Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA BJ30Q UT WOS:A1997BJ30Q00016 ER PT B AU Belandres, P Dillingham, T Braverman, S AF Belandres, P Dillingham, T Braverman, S BE Ueda, S Nakamura, R Ishigami, S TI Persian Gulf War amputees: Injuries and rehabilitative needs SO 8TH WORLD CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL REHABILITATION MEDICINE ASSOCIATION (IRMA VIII), PTS 1-2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Congress of the International-Rehabilitation-Medicine-Association (IRMA VIII) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1997 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Int Rehab Med Assoc AB During the Persian Gulf War in 1991, a study was conducted that describes the injuries, complications, functional limitations, and rehabilitative needs of amputees managed at Waiter Reed Army Medical Center. Fourteen amputees were treated sustaining 21 amputations with 18 lower-limb and 3 upper-limb amputations. In six casualties there were multiple amputations. Battle injuries were the cause in 79%. Nerve injuries occurred in 79%, phantom pain in 64%, contractures in 86%, and Functional limitations in all casualties. Skin traction for open wounds was lacking in all but one case. With comprehensive rehabilitation, all casualties achieved independent ambulation, and 93% were independent in all ADLs at discharge, with one below-knee amputee successfully returning to duty. These findings highlight the need for education in skin traction techniques, and provision of multidisciplinary rehabilitative care for these casualties. RP Belandres, P (reprint author), USA,OPERAT MED RES DIRECTORATE,MED RES & MAT COMMAND,FT DETRICK,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MONDUZZI EDITORE PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA FERRARESE 119/2, 40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-323-0831-2 PY 1997 BP 623 EP 629 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA BJ98X UT WOS:A1997BJ98X00103 ER PT B AU Polejaev, VI Vorontsov, MA AF Polejaev, VI Vorontsov, MA BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Adaptive active imaging system based on radiation focusing for extended targets SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive imaging systems; beam focusing; coherent images; speckles; aberration correction AB An adaptive system for active imaging and radiation focusing on extended rough-surfaced objects in the presence of phase distortions was experimentally demonstrated. This technique is based on the use of two laser beams having different wavelengths, here a He-Ne and Argon laser. The Argon laser beam was used for adaptive radiation focusing on the rough target surface. The second laser beam served for target active imaging. The imaging system included the same wavefront correctors used for the radiation focusing system. For adaptive control of the wavefront correctors, a gradient technique based on a radiation focusing quality criterion optimization was applied. Statistical properties of the speckle field scattered by the target surface were used as the radiation focusing quality metric. To measure this criterion a single photodiode with a simple signal analysis method was employed. Adaptive correction was implemented with a nine electrode bimorph mirror and a liquid crystal spatial phase modulator having 127 individually addressed hexagonal liquid crystal cells. C1 USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20823. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20823, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1117/12.290150 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00023 ER PT B AU Carhart, GW Ricklin, JC Sivokon, VP Vorontsov, MA AF Carhart, GW Ricklin, JC Sivokon, VP Vorontsov, MA BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Parallel perturbation gradient descent algorithm for adaptive wavefront correction SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive imaging systems; adaptive phase distortion suppression; gradient descent optimization; stochastic parallel perturbations AB An adaptive imaging system with a liquid crystal phase modulator having 127 individually addressed hexagonal elements is experimentally studied. The system operation is based on direct optimization of an image quality metric dependent on image plane intensity distribution. For optimization of the image quality metric we applied a modified version of a stochastic perturbation gradient descent algorithm. Experimental results demonstrated the efficiency of the algorithm for high-resolution adaptive wavefront correction in an imaging system. A modification of the algorithm that significantly accelerates algorithm convergence is suggested and studied by numerical simulation. C1 USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20823. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20823, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1117/12.279040 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00024 ER PT S AU Delatte, NJ Fowler, DW McCullough, BF AF Delatte, NJ Fowler, DW McCullough, BF GP TRANSPORTAT RES BOARD TRANSPORTAT RES BOARD TRANSPORTAT RES BOARD TI Criteria for opening expedited bonded concrete overlays to traffic SO ADVANCES IN CONCRETE AND CONCRETE PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 76th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB For rehabilitation of concrete pavements, resurfacing with a bonded concrete overlay (BCO) may provide significantly longer life and reduced maintenance costs. Two important issues to consider in rehabilitation are bonding and rapid reopening of resurfaced sections. The purpose of accelerated or expedited concrete paving is to limit the duration of lane closure and inconvenience to the public. Expedited BCOs offer an economical method for substantially extending rigid pavement life. Research for expedited BCOs in El Paso and Fort Worth, Texas, has been carried out for the Texas Department of Transportation by the Center for Transportation Research at the University of Texas. Results of previous expedited BCO construction are reviewed. Laboratory testing for this project included a high-early-strength mix design, bond development of that mix design, and early-age fatigue strength of half-scale BCO models. A 122-m-long test strip was cast with eight different expedited BCO designs, and accelerated traffic loading was imposed at 12 hr. Recommendations are made for construction and quality control of BCOs for early opening to traffic. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Delatte, NJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, 535A Winans Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Delatte, Norbert/0000-0002-1811-4335 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-05973-9 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1997 IS 1574 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BK11W UT WOS:000071227200014 ER PT S AU Alexander, AM Haskins, RW AF Alexander, AM Haskins, RW GP TRANSPORTAT RES BOARD TRANSPORTAT RES BOARD TRANSPORTAT RES BOARD TI New field system for measuring degree of consolidation of concrete during vibration SO ADVANCES IN CONCRETE AND CONCRETE PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 76th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Significant progress has been made in the development of a field prototype device for slipform pavers to measure the degree of consolidation of concrete during vibration. The device operates an the principle that since air is an insulator and fresh concrete is a conductor, electrical impedance measurements can indicate the release of air during the consolidation of fresh concrete. When the air is released from the fresh concrete through the process of vibration, the electrical impedance of the concrete drops in value, The device, which is based on the impedance bridge, is portable, battery-powered. noise resistant, and easy to operate. Fresh concrete has been found to be equivalent to an RC (resistor and capacitor in parallel) circuit in terms of its electrical response. Limited tests indicate that the entrapped air is released al a faster rate than entrained air, creating two distinct parts to the AC-resistance curve. against time of vibration. The intersection of these two curves represents the point at which consolidation is complete. The system has a 0- to 15-V analog meter to indicate that point. of completion. Project constraints did not permit the research to be completed by resting its performance on a slipform paver. However, the likelihood of commercialization has been augmented since a prototype and specifications now exist for a portable field meter. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Alexander, AM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-05973-9 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1997 IS 1574 BP 116 EP 122 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BK11W UT WOS:000071227200016 ER PT B AU Underwood, JH Parker, AP AF Underwood, JH Parker, AP BE Karihaloo, BL Mai, YW Ripley, MI Ritchie, RO TI Fatigue life assessment of steel pressure vessels with varying stress concentration, residual stress and initial cracks SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE RESEARCH, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference in Fracture (ICF9) CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Congress Fracture DE metal fatigue; pressure vessels; fracture mechanics; high strength steels; residual stress; fatigue crack growth; stress concentration; stress - life curves AB A single parameter representation of local stress range, initial crack size and material yield strength is proposed for describing the intensity of the fatigue loading of a structural component. A logarithmic plot of single parameter fatigue life results provides a single straight line description of fatigue life behavior over a broad range of material, configuration and loading conditions. Expressions for calculating the local stress range at the failure site are outlined, including effects of vessel and stress concentrator configuration, applied and overstrain residual stresses, and pressure applied to hole and crack surfaces. The single parameter approach was used in a comparison of fatigue life results from 41 full size cyclic hydraulic pressure tests of cannon pressure vessels with twelve combinations of material strength, failure location, and applied and residual stresses. A log plot of mean results of the twelve data groups is well represented by a single straight line with a negative slope reasonably close to that predicted by fracture mechanics analysis. A significant outlier from the straight line trend of the data is a useful indicator of cracking due to other than conventional mechanical fatigue. Two examples of an outlier from the trend of cannon pressure vessel data were confirmed by metallography to be caused by environmental cracking. A third outlier was related to preexisting initial cracks due to aggressive machining. The effect of material yield strength on fatigue behavior can be simply and well represented using the single parameter approach. The correlation of a logarithmic straight line fit to the twelve sets of cannon pressure vessel results increased noticeably when the effect of material strength was included in the single parameter representation. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA,ARMAMENT RES,CTR DEV & ENGN,WATERVLIET,NY 12189, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042820-7 PY 1997 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ89P UT WOS:A1997BJ89P00020 ER PT B AU Kalro, V Tezduyar, T AF Kalro, V Tezduyar, T BE Grandinetti, L Kowalik, J Vajtersic, M TI Parallel 3D finite element computation of unsteady flows past a sphere SO ADVANCES IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on High Performance Computing - Technology and Applications CY JUN 24-26, 1996 CL CETRARO, ITALY SP NATO,Sci & Environm Affairs Div, European Union, CNR, European Commiss DGIII, Natl Res Council Italy, Univ Calabria, Alenia Spazio, ENEA, Ctr Italiano Ric Aerosp, Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Environment, Fujitsu, Hewlett Packard Convex, Hitachi, NEC, Oracle, Silicon Graph Cray Res AB In this article we present parallel 3D finite element computation of unsteady incompressible flows past a sphere. The Navier-Stokes equations of incompressible flows are solved on the Thinking Machine CM-5 using stabilized finite element formulations. An implicit time integration scheme, together with an element-vector based (matrix-free) iteration technique is used to solve the coupled, nonlinear equations generated every time step. Simulations use both hexahedral and tetrahedral meshes. Whereas the shape of the computational boundaries selected for the hexahedral mesh biases the shedding mechanisms, the boundary shape selected for the unstructured tetrahedral mesh does not result in a similar affect. In both cases, the primary frequency corresponding to vortex shedding is in close agreement with experimental measurements. A measurement of a secondary frequency, corresponding to the rotation of the shedding plane, is also reported. RP Kalro, V (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,ARMY HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP RES CTR,1100 WASHINGTON AVE S,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55415, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4550-9 J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1997 VL 30 BP 335 EP 352 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ12A UT WOS:A1997BJ12A00019 ER PT B AU Satterwhite, MB AF Satterwhite, MB BE Narayanan, RM Kalshoven, JE TI Luminescence of some airborne plant materials SO ADVANCES IN LASER REMOTE SENSING FOR TERRESTRIAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Laser Remote Sensing for Terrestrial and Oceanographic Applications CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fluorescence; luminescence; vegetation; pollen; pubescence; leaves AB The objective of this this study was to describe the excitation-emission spectra of seed pubescence, pollen and spores, and senesced plant materials that could be carried in the air column. Reference samples were a mature green-colored corn leaf, green-, yellow- and brown-colored soybean leaves, cellulose, commercial grade cotton batting and a soil. Spectral luminescence signatures were collected over the 300 to S00 nanometer region using a scanning spectrofluorometer, The excitation-emission spectra were broadband emission centroids in the 400-nm to 600-nm spectrum. Emission maxima were associated with the 440-nm, 470-nm and 370-nm excitation bands and the 455-nm to 590-nm emission bands. The coma of milkweed, silkvine, cotton (raw), cottonwood seeds and yellow-colored pollen and spores were highly fluorescent. The pappus of thistles, dandelion and goat's beard seeds and newly senesced grass leaves and glumes had moderate to high fluorescence. Dark brown-colored mushroom spores and weathered, senesced plant materials had low fluorescence. The emission spectra resembled that of reagent, microcrystalline cellulose although impurities incorporated within the plant materials altered their emission intensities from that of cellulose. Moderate to low emissions were from tan- to dark brown-colored materials, whereas the white-colored or light, tan-colored materials had high emissions. RP Satterwhite, MB (reprint author), USA,TOPOG ENGN CTR,7701 TELEGRAPH RD,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22315, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2474-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3059 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.277618 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ21X UT WOS:A1997BJ21X00006 ER PT B AU Harrison, JA Barker, WR AF Harrison, JA Barker, WR BE Hermann, FV TI Comparison of elastic layered theory and in-situ rigid pavement response at Denver International Airport SO AIRCRAFT/PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGY: IN THE MIDST OF CHANGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Airfield Pavement Conference on Aircraft/Pavement Technology - In the Midst of Change CY AUG 17-20, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Air Transport Div, Airfield Pavement Comm AB A primary departure runway at the Denver International Airport was instrumented to monitor pavement response to aircraft loads. The runway pavement consists of 457 mm (18 inches) of Portland Cement Concrete, a bond breaker (emulsified asphalt with nonwoven geotextile), 203 mm (8 inches) of cement-stabilized base, and 305 mm (12 inches) of lime-stabilized subbase over approximately 1.5 m (5 feet) of compacted clay fill. Controlled tests were conducted to collect in-situ concrete strain and deflection measurements using an F-15 load cart, a C-130 aircraft and a C-141 aircraft. Extensive field and laboratory tests were conducted on the pavement materials to identify material properties needed for analysis. Using the material properties and pavement structure, an elastic layer model was used to compute pavement response induced by the loading of aircraft. Comparisons between the measured and computed pavement response indicated that the interface condition (bonded or unbonded) between the surface and base layers is dependent on the aircraft gear configuration and direction of; strain. Where the shear strain is high, the best comparison is obtained with the unbonded (frictionless) interface model, whereas for low shear strain, the best comparison is obtained with the bonded interface model. In-situ concrete deflection sensors were anchored at 3 m (10 feet) and 6 m (20 feet). C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0286-8 PY 1997 BP 61 EP 76 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BM48T UT WOS:000078889700005 ER PT B AU Lin, MC Manocha, D Cohen, J Gottschalk, S AF Lin, MC Manocha, D Cohen, J Gottschalk, S BE Laumond, JP Overmars, M TI Collision detection: Algorithms and applications SO ALGORITHMS FOR ROBOTIC MOTION AND MANIPULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics CY JUL, 1996 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP CNRS, Reg Midi Pyrenees, Conseil Gen Haute Garonne AB Fast and accurate collision detection between general geometric models is a fundamental problem in modeling, robotics, manufacturing and computer-simulated environments, Most of the earlier algorithm are either restricted to a class of geometric models, say convex polytopes, or are not fast enough for practical applications. We present an efficient and accurate algorithm for collision detection between general polygonal models in dynamic environments. The algorithm makes use of hierarchical representations along with frame to frame coherence to rapidly detect collisions. It is rob bust and has been, implemented as part of public domain packages. In practice, it can accurately detect all the contacts between large complex geometries composed of hundreds of thousands of polygons at interactive rates. RP Lin, MC (reprint author), USA,RES OFF,CHAPEL HILL,NC, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU A K PETERS, LTD PI WELLESLEY PA 289 LINDEN ST, WELLESLEY, MA 02181 BN 1-56881-067-9 PY 1997 BP 129 EP 141 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BH42D UT WOS:A1997BH42D00009 ER PT J AU Conner, DA Marcolini, MA Edwards, BD Brieger, JT AF Conner, DA Marcolini, MA Edwards, BD Brieger, JT GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI XV-15 tiltrotor low noise terminal area operations SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Acoustic data have been acquired for the XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft performing a variety of terminal area operating procedures. This joint NASA/Bell/Army test program was conducted in two phases. During Phase 1 the XV-15 was flown over a linear array of microphones, deployed perpendicular to the flight path, at a number of fixed operating conditions. This documented the relative noise differences between the various conditions. During Phase 2 the microphone array was deployed over a large area to directly measure the noise footprint produced during realistic approach and departure procedures. The XV-15 flew approach profiles that culminated in IGE hover over a landing pad, then takeoffs from the hover condition back out over the microphone array. Results from Phase 1 identify noise differences between selected operating conditions, while those from Phase 2 identify differences in noise footprints between takeoff and approach conditions and changes in noise footprint due to variation in approach procedures. RP Conner, DA (reprint author), USA,JOINT RES PROGRAMS OFF,AFDD,HAMPTON,VA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00001 ER PT J AU Bousman, WG AF Bousman, WG GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI A qualitative examination of dynamic stall from flight test data SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Three flight conditions from the UH-60A Airloads Program are examined where dynamic stall occurs on the rotor: a symmetric pull-up that includes non-zero angular rates and accelerations; a high-speed, diving turn that includes non-zero angular rates, but nominally zero angular accelerations; and a level flight case with zero angular rates and accelerations. The two maneuver conditions result in severe pitch-link loads and represent design conditions for this military aircraft. Dynamic stall characteristics are identified in the section lift, the section pitching moment, and the trailing edge pressure and are used to create rotor disk maps that show the location and behavior of dynamic stall for this rotor. The measured blade pressures are used to examine the dynamic stall process itself and airfoil maps are developed that show the behavior of the dynamic stall vortex on the blade and its interaction with areas of supercritical flow. It is shown that the torsional dynamics of the rotor control where dynamic stall may occur, while the flight condition and the resulting aerodynamic inflow determine whether it will occur. RP Bousman, WG (reprint author), USA,AEROFLIGHTDYNAM DIRECTORATE,ATCOM,MOFFETT FIELD,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 368 EP 387 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00032 ER PT J AU Brock, RD AF Brock, RD GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Reducing cost of overhead SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB The paper will provide a brief overview of the Army Aviation Operating and Support Cost Reduction (OSCR) program and process. OSCR involves the selection of candidate design and procedural improvements that target operating and support cost reduction of aircraft ownership. OSCR is a continuing program of efforts that support the field through efficient use of assets, capabilities, as well as product improvements in the demanding environment of Army Aviation. It will be shown how Army Aviation has undertaken value added initiatives to reduce the operating and support costs for its rotorwing fleets. Such initiatives are of sufficient variety to parallel many industry and commercial applications. Examples of candidate initiatives may be as varied as depot utilization, changing the level of maintenance to address more at the unit level, selection of shop materials, more definitive and descriptive procedures for determining condition for replacement, improved handling instructions, product improvements, technology insertion, and aircraft modifications, Any aspect of Army Aviation and supported systems may be a candidate provided sufficient need or sufficient savings can be projected for an anticipated investment. The paper will discuss the Army Aviation OSCR process and selected examples and savings results. RP Brock, RD (reprint author), USA,AVIAT & TROOP COMMAND,ST LOUIS,MO, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 645 EP 649 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00054 ER PT B AU McEntire, BJ Shannon, SG Smith, C Crockatt, G AF McEntire, BJ Shannon, SG Smith, C Crockatt, G GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI AH-64 injury reduction potential with cockpit airbags and optical relay tube removal SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB U.S. Army AH-64A Apache helicopter accident data was reviewed. Specifically, the pilot and copilot injury data and injury producing mechanisms were analyzed to determine injury mitigation effectiveness if the copilot/gunner (CPG) optical relay tube (ORT) was removed or if the cockpit airbag system was installed. The total number of injuries and overall occupant injury mitigation were considered. This review required that each accident file be thoroughly reviewed to develop a complete understanding of the injury mechanics and event sequence not available by database review. A total of 49 AH-64 aircraft were involved in class A and B mishaps. Of these aircraft, 17 were removed from this study since they were either catastrophic (4), consumed by fire (6), or not considered applicable (7) since airbag deployment criteria were not met and injuries were not received. For the ORT removal concept, no changes to the pilot injuries resulted. In the CPG crew station, no reduction in fatal or critical injuries would have resulted with the ORT removed. It was determined that reductions of 12, 13.5, and 12.5 percent could be realized for the major, minor, and minimal injuries received, respectively. Overall, 11.7 percent of the 111 injuries received by the front seat occupants could have been prevented with the ORT removed. With installation of a cockpit airbag system, injury reductions resulted for both crew stations. In the CPG crew station (front seat), no reduction in fatal or critical injuries would have resulted with airbags installed. It was determined that reductions of 24.0, 29.7, and 32.5 percent could be realized for the major, minor, and minimal injuries received, respectively. Overall, 34.2 percent of the 111 injuries received by the front seat occupants could have been prevented (27.0 percent) or reduced in severity (7.2 percent) with an airbag system installed. In the AH-64 pilot crew station (rear seat), the one fatal and one critical injuries received could have been prevented with an airbag system. Prevention of 38.5, 29.0 and 28.6 percent of the major, minor, and minimal injuries received, respectively, could be realized. Overall, 43.2 percent of the 95 injuries received by the rear seat occupants could have either been prevented (31.6 percent) or reduced in severity (11.6 percent) with an airbag system installed. In conclusion, it was shown that removal of the ORT structure is effective at mitigating CPG head injuries, but not in reducing the individual's overall injury severity. The airbag was determined to be effective at mitigating injuries and reducing overall injury severity. RP McEntire, BJ (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,FT RUCKER,AL 36362, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 1168 EP 1175 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00095 ER PT J AU Walsh, MF AF Walsh, MF GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Army aviation logistics infrastructure for the twenty first century SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB The US Army Aviation and Troop Command (ATCOM), Program Executive Office - Aviation (PEO-AV), Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (ODCSLOG), and the US Army Aviation Center (USAAVNC) are sponsoring a program entitled Infrastructure Definition for Digitally Enhanced Aviation Logistics (IDDEAL). The objective of the program is to define an integrated Digital Aviation Logistics (DAL) infrastructure for Army aviation that will enable a significant process improvement throughout the life cycle of the aircraft and associated support equipment. The infrastructure definition will concentrate on the maintenance process (i.e. techniques, functions, roles and reporting requirements) to capitalize on emerging technology and best commercial practices. Following the Introduction and General Approach sections, this paper will present the results of the IDDEAL team's review of the current Army aviation infrastructure. It will then describe the capabilities of the DAL infrastructure and enablers that will help it be implemented effectively. That is followed by sections on advanced management concepts and conclusions. RP Walsh, MF (reprint author), USA,AVIAT & TROOP COMMAND,AVIAT APPL TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,FT EUSTIS,VA 23604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 1248 EP 1256 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00101 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JW Tischler, MB AF Fletcher, JW Tischler, MB GP AMER HELICOPTER SOC TI Improving helicopter flight mechanics models with laser measurements of blade flapping SO AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY - 53RD ANNUAL FORUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB A high fidelity linear model of the UH-60 helicopter flight dynamics at hover is developed using a combination of system identification and component-type simulation modeling techniques. The results are enhanced through the use of a new flight test database generated with the NASA/Army RASCAL JUH-60A helicopter which includes dynamic response data for the main-rotor blade motions in addition to those of the aircraft fuselage and drive train. Very high quality measurements of the main rotor blade motions are obtained using a new measurement method which employs hub-mounted laser distance transducers. The flight test data are first used to optimize a component-type flight mechanics simulation model of the UH-60 for hover. Correlation of the off-axis responses of the model with the flight data is shown to be greatly improved when an empirical aerodynamic phase lag correction is included in the main rotor aerodynamic model formulation. The updated simulation model is then used to refine the model structure used for a parametric system identification study. A 16 degree-of-freedom linear model is identified using the refined model structure and the laser flapping data. The model is valid over a frequency range of 0.5 to 40 rad/sec for the hover flight condition. Previously unidentifiable parameters are determined through use of the new flight data and refined model structure, and excellent identification of the off-axis response characteristics of the aircraft is achieved. The identified primary rotor flapping parameters agree well with theoretical values and provide a high level of confidence in the newly identified model. RP Fletcher, JW (reprint author), USA,ATCOM,CTR DEV & ENGN,AVIAT RES,AMES RES CTR,AEROFLIGHTDYNAM DIRECTORAT,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2538 PY 1997 BP 1467 EP 1494 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH89P UT WOS:A1997BH89P00118 ER PT J AU Taloumis, LJ Smith, TM Hondrum, SO Lorton, L AF Taloumis, LJ Smith, TM Hondrum, SO Lorton, L TI Force decay and deformation of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; CHAINS AB This study evaluated commercially available molded gray elastomeric ligatures from seven companies for force decay, dimensional change, and the relationship between ligature dimension and force, The initial wall thickness, inside diameter, outside diameter, and force levels of each ligature were measured. Three of four test groups of ligatures were stretched over stainless steel dowels with a circumference approximating that of a large orthodontic twin bracket. Test group 1 was kept at room temperature and humidity for 28 days and test group 2 in a synthetic saliva bath at 37 degrees C, pH 6.84 for 28 days. The residual forces and dimensional changes were measured, The third test group was placed in a synthetic saliva bath at 37 degrees C, pH 6.84, and force levels recorded at initial, 24 hours, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The fourth lest group of unstretched samples was placed in a synthetic saliva bath at 37 degrees C, pH 6.84 for 28 days to evaluate dimensional changes due solely to moisture sorption, The results for stretched samples in a simulated oral environment revealed the following: (1) Moisture and heat had a pronounced effect on force decay and permanent deformation, (2) a positive correlation existed between the wall thickness and force, (3) a negative correlation existed between the inside diameter and force, (4) a weak correlation existed between outside diameter and force, (5) the greatest force loss occurred in the first 24 hours and the decay pattern was similar for all ligatures tested, and (6) unstretched ligatures absorbed moisture in the range of 0.060% to 3.15%. The ligatures tested appear to be suitable for use during initial aligning and leveling. However, the rapid force loss and permanent deformation of these products may preclude their use for rotational and torque corrections. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DENT RES DETACHMENT,DENT MAT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 7 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0889-5406(97)70295-6 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WE347 UT WOS:A1997WE34700003 PM 9009917 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, ZS Beltran, J Cheung, YY Colon, E Herraiz, F AF Rosenberg, ZS Beltran, J Cheung, YY Colon, E Herraiz, F TI MR features of longitudinal tears of the peroneus brevis tendon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUPTURE; ANKLE; INJURIES; QUARTUS; MUSCLE; CT AB OBJECTIVE. Our objective is to describe the characteristic MR imaging features of longitudinal tears of the peroneus brevis tendon and to describe pathologic conditions and normal variants that are associated with these tears which may require surgical intervention at the time of primary tendon repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively reviewed 10 MR images of asymptomatic volunteers and 31 MR images of 27 patients with evidence of longitudinal splits of the peroneus brevis tendon. Seven of these cases were surgically proven. In addition, we assessed five pathologic conditions and normal variants: lateral collateral ligamentous tears; injuries to the superior peroneal retinaculum; low-lying muscle belly of the peroneus brevis tendon; peroneus quartus muscle; and convex, flat, or irregular retromalleolar groove. RESULTS. In the patient's group, we saw longitudinal splits as clefts and an irregularity of the contour of the peroneus brevis tendon with (71%) and without (29%) signal changes on proton density-weighted and T2-weighted MR imaging sequences. Divisions of the split tendon assumed a characteristic C-shaped configuration that partly enveloped the peroneus longus tendon. Fifteen cases revealed other pathologic conditions and normal variants known to be associated with or to predispose to tears of the peroneus brevis tendon. These include ankle ligamentous tears (it = 3); abnormal superior peroneal retinaculum (it = 4); low-lying muscle belly of the peroneus brevis tendon (it = 1); peroneus quartus muscle (it = 2); and convex, flat, or irregular retromalleolar groove (it = 15). MR imaging revealed tears in all patients with surgical proof (n = 7). CONCLUSION. MR imaging is a useful technique for revealing longitudinal tears of the peroneus brevis tendon as well as showing anatomic and pathologic factors associated with or predisposed to tears. C1 ST VINCENTS HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10011. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. HG MOSTOLES,DEPT RADIOL,MADRID 28935,SPAIN. RP Rosenberg, ZS (reprint author), HOSP JOINT DIS & MED CTR,INST ORTHOPAED,DEPT RADIOL,301 E 17TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10003, USA. OI Rosenberg MD, Zehava/0000-0003-1902-6350 NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 168 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VZ555 UT WOS:A1997VZ55500030 PM 8976937 ER PT J AU Soldatis, JJ Goodfellow, DB Wilber, JH AF Soldatis, JJ Goodfellow, DB Wilber, JH TI End-to-end operative repair of Achilles tendon rupture SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the AOSSM CY JUL, 1995 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Orthopaed Soc Sports Med ID NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT AB We present the long-term results of operative repair in 23 consecutive patients with Achilles tendon ruptures, treated between 1984 and 1991, to evaluate our treatment method and determine the clinical causes of rupture. Fifty-four percent of ruptures occurred in people in their 30s; 90% occurred during participation in acceleration-deceleration sports. All but three patients were treated within 1 week of injury with open, operative, end-to-end repair of the Achilles tendon. The remaining three patients were treated more than 3 weeks after injury. All patients followed a standard postoperative regimen. Followup averaged 3.6 years (range, 1 to 7.5). Seventeen patients were available for Cybex analysis, and the remaining patients were interviewed personally or by telephone. Subjectively, patients were very satisfied with the results of treatment. Objectively, physical examination and Cybex testing to measure strength and endurance revealed results somewhat better than those previously reported with operative repair. No patient experienced a rerupture, although one attenuated repair was noted 9 months postoperatively. Only two minor wound problems were recorded. Long-term results revealed near-normal function when comparing the injured side with the uninjured side. Ninety-two percent of patients returned fully to their preinjury levels of activity. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,ORTHOPAED SURG SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1177/036354659702500118 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA WD949 UT WOS:A1997WD94900018 PM 9006700 ER PT J AU Burke, DS AF Burke, DS TI Sing for the gov'nor: A call to advocacy for tropical medicine and hygiene SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Burke, DS (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WL889 UT WOS:A1997WL88900001 PM 9063351 ER PT J AU Suwanabun, N Chouriyagune, C Eamsila, C Watcharapichat, P Dasch, GA Howard, RS Kelly, DJ AF Suwanabun, N Chouriyagune, C Eamsila, C Watcharapichat, P Dasch, GA Howard, RS Kelly, DJ TI Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in Thai scrub typhus patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; DISEASES; ANTIBODY AB We report the development of an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi antibody in human sera. Results were compared with a standard test, the indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IIP). Control serum samples were collected from 96 American soldiers and 198 Royal Thai Army soldiers with no recent history of clinical illness. Sera were examined from 79 febrile, Thai scrub typhus patients presenting at Chiang Rai (76) and Bangkraui Nontaburi (3) Provincial hospitals (cases confirmed by elevated ITP IgG levels greater than or equal to 1:1,600, IgM levels greater than or equal to 1:400, or presence of an eschar). The mean + 2 SD, used for the upper limit of normal reactions in the IgG ELISA, was 0.10 for U.S. soldiers and 0.42 for Thai soldiers. Using the 0.10 cutoff value, 29% of the asymptomatic Thai soldiers would be designated as antibody positive. Variability of IgG ELISA values was greater in the Thai soldier group than in American soldiers, possibly reflecting previous exposure to O. tsutsugamushi. In the Thai patients, there was a significant correlation between LTP titers and single serum dilution (1:100) ELISA values (IgG, r = 0.75, n = 104; P < 0.0005; IgM, r = 0.70, n = 75; P < 0.0005) and between IIP titers and ELISA titers (IgG, r = 0.87, n = 103; P < 0.0005; IgM, r = 0.76, n = 75; P < 0.0005). The single serum dilution ELISA was as effective as the titration in determining presence of specific antibodies. The O. tsutsugamushi ELISA is a rapid and objective test amenable to accurately testing the large numbers of sera often obtained in seroepidemiologic investigations. C1 CHIANGRAI PRACHANUCHROA HOSP,DEPT MED,CHIANG MAI,THAILAND. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,ROYAL THAI ARMY MED DEPT,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. USN,MED RES INST,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USA,MED COMPONENT,ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP Suwanabun, N (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT RICKETTSIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WL889 UT WOS:A1997WL88900009 PM 9063359 ER PT J AU Humar, A Ohrt, C Harrington, MA Pillai, D Kain, KC AF Humar, A Ohrt, C Harrington, MA Pillai, D Kain, KC TI ParaSight(R)F test compared with the polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ASSAY; IMPORTED MALARIA; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; VIVAX AB Imported malaria is an increasing problem worldwide. A rapid and accurate test for Plasmodium falciparum infection would facilitate the diagnosis of malaria in the returned traveler The ParaSight(R)F antigen capture assay (dipstick test) is a new diagnostic test for P. falciparum based on detection of circulating histidine-rich protein-2 antigen. We performed a blinded evaluation of this assay compared with microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of P. falciparum infection in 151 febrile travelers. Compared with the PCR, the dipstick test had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 97%. The ability of the dipstick test to detect P. falciparum was similar with that of microscopy (88% versus 83%) since the species of Plasmodium in 14 of 133 malaria-infected patients could not be determined by microscopy due to low parasite numbers. The dipstick test was 40% sensitive for infections with < 50 parasites/mu l, 89% with 50-100 parasites/mu l, and greater than or equal to 93% with > 100 parasites/mu l. Circulating antigen was detectable in 68% of the patients seven days after initiation of treatment and in 27% at day 28. The dipstick test represents a simple and accurate test for the diagnosis of P. falciparum infection in the returned traveler. C1 TORONTO HOSP,TROP DIS UNIT,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,TORONTO,ON M5G 2C4,CANADA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPT THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. NR 21 TC 135 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WL889 UT WOS:A1997WL88900010 PM 9063360 ER PT B AU Reutter, DJ Sumpter, K Vickers, E Simak, R Henry, C Hoffland, L Smith, PB Brickhouse, M AF Reutter, DJ Sumpter, K Vickers, E Simak, R Henry, C Hoffland, L Smith, PB Brickhouse, M BE Heyl, M Ncguire, R TI Development of analytical technologies for the alternatives to incineration program SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO, Sci Comm RP Reutter, DJ (reprint author), USA,CBDCOM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4648-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 13 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BJ53R UT WOS:A1997BJ53R00003 ER PT B AU Bolt, D AF Bolt, D BE Heyl, M Ncguire, R TI System design recommendations for the collection, transfer and processing of real time air monitoring data SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO, Sci Comm RP Bolt, D (reprint author), USA,CBDCOM,BDT,AMSCB,BLDG E3549,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4648-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 13 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BJ53R UT WOS:A1997BJ53R00013 ER PT B AU Rohrbaugh, DK Sarver, EW AF Rohrbaugh, DK Sarver, EW BE Heyl, M Ncguire, R TI GC/MS screening of alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphonic acids SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO, Sci Comm RP Rohrbaugh, DK (reprint author), USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4648-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 13 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BJ53R UT WOS:A1997BJ53R00027 ER PT J AU Lulka, MF Chambers, JP Valdes, ER Thompson, RG Valdes, JJ AF Lulka, MF Chambers, JP Valdes, ER Thompson, RG Valdes, JJ TI Molecular imprinting of small molecules with organic silanes: Fluorescence detection SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE molecular imprinting; organic silanes; fluorescence ID POLYMERS AB Small molecules, peptides, and proteins can be imprinted using mixtures of organic silanes. Molecular imprints may serve as artificial receptors, i.e., biosensor sensing elements for detection of chemical and biological toxins, drugs, and environmental hazards. One method for detection of imprint-bound molecules is fluorescence. Molecular imprints to N-acetyltryptophanamide (NATA) and fluorescein were prepared, and their respective binding constants determined using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching plots of imprint-bound molecules using potassium iodide (KI) and acrylamide indicate bound molecules are shielded from the solvent environment. Scatchard plot analysis revealed two binding affinities, i.e., a K-d = 0.13 and 2.5 mu M for NATA binding to NATA imprints. Interestingly, NATA exhibited higher affinity, i.e., K-d = 1.3 and 35 nM, for the fluorescein imprint. These data support the usefulness of fluorescence techniques in molecular imprint-based detection technology. C1 USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Lulka, MF (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DIV LIFE SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78249, USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 13 BP 2301 EP 2313 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YC809 UT WOS:A1997YC80900002 ER PT J AU Greilich, PE Alving, BM ONeill, KL Chang, AS Reid, TJ AF Greilich, PE Alving, BM ONeill, KL Chang, AS Reid, TJ TI A modified thromboelastographic method for monitoring c7E3 Fab in heparinized patients SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA; CHIMERIC 7E3 FAB; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FORCE DEVELOPMENT; PROTAMINE; BLOCKADE; PLASMA; BLOOD; IIIA AB The monoclonal antibody, c7E3 Fab, binds to the platelet surface fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb/IIIa), inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot retraction. We performed an in vitro study to assess the ability of a modification of the thromboelastograph (MTEG) to detect inhibition of clot strength by c7E3 Fab and its reversal with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In the modified assay (MTEG), thrombin was added to whole blood (WE) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and the resultant maximum amplitude (MA) was measured, MA(WB) and MAppp, respec tively. Anticoagulated blood samples from 17 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were collected for a dose response (Part I; n = 5) and c7E3 Fab reversal (Part II; n = 12) study. Clot strength was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by c7E3 Fab. Ecteola cellulose effectively reversed the effect of heparin on the thrombin time and the addition of PRP significantly increased the MA(WB) (P < 0.0001) and MA(WB-ppp) (P < 0.0001). Subtracting the MA(ppp) from MA(WB) significantly magnified the response of MA to the addition of c7E3 Fab (P = 0.002) and its reversal with PRP (P = 0.005). This in vitro study indicates that the MTEG is a responsive assay demonstrating that inhibition by the antiplatelet c7E3 Fab is reversible with PRP. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ANESTHESIA SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,OPERAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT HEMATOL & VASC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1097/00000539-199701000-00006 PG 8 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WA795 UT WOS:A1997WA79500006 PM 8988995 ER PT S AU Richter-Menge, JA AF Richter-Menge, JA BE Walsh, JE TI Towards improving the physical basis for ice-dynamics models SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 25, 1997: PAPERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REPRESENTATION OF THE CRYOSPHERE IN CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELS HELD AT VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, 12-15 AUGUST 1996 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Representation of the Cryosphere in Climate and Hydrological Models CY AUG 12-15, 1996 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Int Glaciol Soc, Atmospher Environm Serv, Canada, Inst Earth Sci, Canada, Univ Victoria, Ctr Earth & Ocean Res, Canadian Meteorol & Oceang Soc AB In situ measurements of ice stress were made on a multi-ear flee in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea over a 6 month period, beginning in October 1993. The data suggest that, in this region of the Arctic during this experiment, there were two main sources of stress: a thermally induced stress caused by changes in air temperature, and a stress generated by ice motion. Due to the natural damping of the snow and ice above the sensor, the thermally-induced stresses are low frequency (order of days). Stresses associated with periods of ice motion have both a high-frequency (order of hours), and low-frequency content. The relative significance of these sources of stress is seasonal, reflecting the changes in the strength and continuity of the pack. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Richter-Menge, JA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-20-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1997 VL 25 BP 177 EP 182 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BK58K UT WOS:000072623800031 ER PT S AU Perovich, DK Tucker, WB AF Perovich, DK Tucker, WB BE Walsh, JE TI Arctic sea-ice conditions and the distribution of solar radiation during summer SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 25, 1997: PAPERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REPRESENTATION OF THE CRYOSPHERE IN CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELS HELD AT VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, 12-15 AUGUST 1996 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Representation of the Cryosphere in Climate and Hydrological Models CY AUG 12-15, 1996 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Int Glaciol Soc, Atmospher Environm Serv, Canada, Inst Earth Sci, Canada, Univ Victoria, Ctr Earth & Ocean Res, Canadian Meteorol & Oceang Soc AB Understanding the interaction of solar radiation with the ice cover is critical in determining the heat and mass balance of the Arctic ice pack, and in assessing potential impacts due to climate change. Because of the importance of the ice-albedo feedback mechanism, information on the surface state of the ice cover is needed. Observations of the surface state of sea ice were obtained from helicopter photography missions made during the 1994 Arctic Ocean Section cruise. Photographs from one flight, taken during the height of the melt season (31 July 1994) at 76 degrees N, 172 degrees W, were analyzed in detail. Bare ice covered 82% of the total area, melt ponds 12%, and open water 6%. There was considerable variability in these area fractions on scales <1km(2). Sample areas >2-3 km(2) gave representative values of ice concentration and pond fraction. Melt ponds were numerous, with a number density of 1800 ponds km(-2). The melt ponds had a mean area of 62 m(2), a median area of 14 m(2), and a size distribution that was well fit by a cumulative lognormal distribution. While leads make up only a small portion of the total area, they are the source of virtually all of the solar energy input to the ocean. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-20-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1997 VL 25 BP 445 EP 450 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BK58K UT WOS:000072623800077 ER PT J AU Hutchison, RE Banki, K Shuster, JJ Barrett, D Dieck, C Berard, CW Murphy, SB Link, MP Pick, TE Laver, J Schwenn, M Mathew, P Morris, SW AF Hutchison, RE Banki, K Shuster, JJ Barrett, D Dieck, C Berard, CW Murphy, SB Link, MP Pick, TE Laver, J Schwenn, M Mathew, P Morris, SW TI Use of an anti-ALK antibody in the characterization of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of childhood SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma CY JUN 05-08, 1996 CL LUGANO, SWITZERLAND DE adolescence; ALK antigen; anaplasia; anaplastic large-cell lymphoma; CD30 antigen; child; diagnosis; Ki-1 large-cell lymphoma; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PEDIATRIC-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; CD30 KI-1 ANTIGEN; MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS; CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY; CLINICAL-FEATURES; TRANSLOCATION; EXPRESSION AB Background. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase inappropriately expressed in lymphoid tissue involved by CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) with the translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35), which juxtaposes the nucleophosmin gene (NPM) with that encoding ALK, resulting in a hybrid (NPM-ALK) message. Patients and methods: A polyclonal antibody against residues of the kinase portion of NPM-ALK (designated anti-ALK 11) was tested for clinical utility in paraffin sections of 44 cases of pediatric large-cell lymphoma (LCL) and 17 additional lymphoma cases, by streptavidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase method. Results. Nineteen of 20 CD30+ cases (the majority exhibiting anaplastic morphology) labeled with anti-ALK 11, and 5/28 CD30- cases were also ALK+ (3 T cells, 1 null cell, and 1 B cell). Sixteen of 17 B-cell pediatric LCLs were negative, as were 6/6 cases of Hodgkin's Hodgkin's disease and 7/7 cases of adult B-cell lymphoma, In pediatric LCLs with adequate follow-up (24/44 ALK+), there was no significant association between ALK expression and two-year event-free survival, similar to the finding reported previously for CD30 expression in these cases. Conclusion. We conclude that the majority of pediatric CD30+ ALCLs show ALK overexpression, consistent with the presence of the t(2;5)-encoded NPM-ALK fusion, but that the clinical significance of this entity remains unproven. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. PEDIAT ONCOL GRP, STAT OFF, GAINESVILLE, FL USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, CHILDRENS MEM HOSP, CHICAGO, IL 60614 USA. STANFORD UNIV, MED CTR, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR, FT SAM HOUSTON, TX 78234 USA. MED UNIV S CAROLINA, CHARLESTON, SC 29425 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, MED CTR, WORCESTER, MA USA. MED COLL OHIO, TOLEDO, OH 43699 USA. PEDIAT ONCOL GRP, CHICAGO, IL USA. RP Hutchison, RE (reprint author), SUNY HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT CLIN PATHOL, 750 E ADAMS ST, SYRACUSE, NY 13210 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-41721, CA-29139, CA-31566] NR 61 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1997 VL 8 SU 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1023/A:1008293531450 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XB824 UT WOS:A1997XB82400008 PM 9187427 ER PT J AU Friedl, KE Hoyt, RW AF Friedl, KE Hoyt, RW TI Development and biomedical testing of military operational rations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE carbohydrate intake; energy expenditure; environmental extremes; exercise; history ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; HUMAN ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; HUMAN METABOLIC RESPONSE; READY-TO-EAT; CALORIC RESTRICTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; EXTENDED PERIOD; CHRONIC KETOSIS; EXERCISE; SOLDIERS AB This article gives a brief history of military nutrition research in this century and reviews recent advances made through field testing. Although modern rations are nutritionally complete, ration developers are challenged to improve palatability to promote increased intakes in held training and combat settings. The principal goal for military nutritionists is to identify the optimal macronutrient mix and specific ration components that sustain a soldier's performance in the face of operational stressors such as sleep deprivation, intense physical activity, climatic extremes, and hypobaric hypoxia. Energy expenditures during typical field-training exercises average approximately 4000 kcal/day, whereas energy intakes are usually 3000 kcal/day or less when operational rations are consumed. One way to ameliorate the effects of this shortfall is to provide soldiers with a carbohydrate beverage supplement. C1 USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA 01760. RP Friedl, KE (reprint author), USA,MED RES & MAT COMMAND,ARMY OPERAT MED RES PROGRAM,FT DETRICK,MD 21702, USA. OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 109 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1997 VL 17 BP 51 EP 75 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.51 PG 25 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XM786 UT WOS:A1997XM78600005 PM 9240919 ER PT B AU Mead, J Gabriel, R Murray, T Foley, G McMorrow, J AF Mead, J Gabriel, R Murray, T Foley, G McMorrow, J GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Analysis of several ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers AB Three ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers were investigated for use in Army Systems. A variety of tests were performed to analyze these materials including: differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and sonic modulus measurements. All three of the fibers exhibited similar properties, differing mainly in the modulus. Microdebonding tests were performed to evaluate the fiber matrix bonding strength of these fibers in their as-produced condition. The fiber matrix adhesion for the three fibers was found to be poor. RP Mead, J (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 1722 EP 1726 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00314 ER PT B AU Mohan, RV Bickerton, S Shires, DR Advani, SG Tamma, KK AF Mohan, RV Bickerton, S Shires, DR Advani, SG Tamma, KK GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Analysis and characterization of flow channels during manufacturing of composites by resin transfer molding SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers DE Resin Transfer Molding; flow channels; effects on fiber impregnation and pressures; experimental study; modeling and simulation; equivalent permeabilities AB The success of Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes, such as Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), depends on the complete impregnation of the fibrous reinforcing preform. Race tracking refers to a common phenomenon occurring near corners, bends, airgaps and other geometrical complexities involving sharp curvatures within a mold cavity creating fiber free regions. Hence these regions provide paths of least flow to the resin filling the mold, and may drastically effect flow front advancement and injection pressures. While race tracking has traditionally been viewed as an unwanted effect, the phenomenon has been used to improve the mold filling process in Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), and has potential to be similarly used for the other LCM processes, such as RTM, Advantages obtained through controlled use of race tracking include reduction of injection pressures required to fill a mold, for constant flowrate injection, or shorter mold filling times for constant pressure injection. Race tracking may also allow for resin to be channelled to areas of the mold which need to be filled early in the process. The present work experimentally investigates mold filling in the presence of flow channels within a simple mold configuration. Experimental flow front and pressure data measurements are employed to investigate and determine the optimal equivalent permeability value for these channels. The value is dependent on geometric properties and preform permeability. A model for equivalent, permeability is developed and used as input for numerical simulation of the mold filling process. The numerical simulations are based on a pure finite element based methodology. Both experimental data and numerical simulations are presented, demonstrating and validating the role of channels in reducing the mold and injection pressures. RP Mohan, RV (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 2388 EP 2400 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00439 ER PT J AU Marley, SE Eberhard, ML Steurer, FJ Ellis, WL McGreevy, PB Ruebush, TK AF Marley, SE Eberhard, ML Steurer, FJ Ellis, WL McGreevy, PB Ruebush, TK TI Evaluation of selected antiprotozoal drugs in the Babesia microti-hamster model SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; AZITHROMYCIN; EFFICACY; DISEASE AB The presently used therapy for Babesia microti infections, a combination of quinine and clindamycin, does not always result in parasitologic cures, To identify possible alternative chemotherapeutic agents for such infections, we screened, in the hamster-B. microti system, 12 antiprotozoal drugs that have either recently been released for human use or were in experimental stages of development at the Waiter Reed Army Institute of Research for the treatment of malaria and leishmaniasis, Several well-recognized antimalarial drugs, such as mefloquine, halofantrine, artesunate, and artelenic acid, exhibited little or no effect on parasitemia, Two 8-aminoquinolines, WR006026 [8-(6-diethylaminohexylamino)-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline dihydrochloride] and WR238605 [8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy-7) quinoline succinate], produced clearance of patent parasitemia, Furthermore, blood from infected hamsters treated with WR238605 via an intramuscular injection failed to infect naive hamsters on subpassage, thus producing a parasitologic cure, These two compounds merit further screening in other systems and may prove useful in treating human babesiosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ZOOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPT THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. FU NIAID NIH HHS [5T32 AI07322] NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WA656 UT WOS:A1997WA65600017 PM 8980761 ER PT S AU Marble, DK Bruch, SE Lainis, T AF Marble, DK Bruch, SE Lainis, T BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Using a 400 kV Van de Graaff accelerator to teach physics at West Point SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB A small accelerator visitation laboratory is being built at the United States Military Academy using two 400 kV Van de Graaff accelerators. This laboratory will provide quality teaching experiments and increased research opportunities for both faculty and cadets as well as enhancing the department's ability to teach across the curriculum by using nuclear techniques to solve problems in environmental engineering, material science, archeology, art, etc. This training enhances a students ability to enter non-traditional fields that are becoming a large part of the physics job market. Furthermore, a small accelerator visitation laboratory for high school students can stimulate student interest in science and provide an effective means of communicating the scientific method to a general audience. A discussion of the USMA facility, class experiments and student research projects will be presented. RP Marble, DK (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT PHYS,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1127 EP 1130 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00272 ER PT B AU Crocoll, WM Ellis, NC Simmons, DB AF Crocoll, WM Ellis, NC Simmons, DB BE Rogers, SK TI Evaluating three types of artificial neural networks for classifying vehicles with multisensor data SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications and Science of Artificial Neural Networks III CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE artificial neural networks; target classification; sensor fusion; data fusion; backpropagation networks; probabilistic networks; radial basis function networks AB A neural network methodology was developed and evaluated for performing vehicle classification with multisensor data collected from simulated unattended ground based sensors. A high fidelity computer simulation, called Sensor Evaluation Model (SENSEM), was used to create a battlefield scenario realistically simulating sensor-vehicle interactions consisting of three sensor types and four vehicle types. Data generated from sensor-vehicle interactions were preprocessed and used to train and test three types of neural networks. Backpropagation, Probabilistic, and Radial Basis Function networks were evaluated to determine differential performance effectiveness under various training conditions. Optimal network designs were experimentally determined for each network type for each training condition. An overall comparative analysis of classification accuracy and computational efficiency was then conducted to evaluate the performance between the network types' optimal network designs for each training condition. Results showed extremely high accuracy and rapid training and test times for all optimal network designs. Results also showed optimal network performance varied as a function of training conditions facilitating specification of the most effective neural network paradigm under certain conditions. The results of this research support the conclusion that neural network techniques can be applied successfully as part of an analysis subsystem for classifying vehicles with multisensor data obtained from unattended ground based sensors. RP Crocoll, WM (reprint author), USA,LOGIST MANAGEMENT COLL,FT LEE,VA 23801, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2492-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3077 BP 307 EP 318 DI 10.1117/12.271491 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BH60Z UT WOS:A1997BH60Z00033 ER PT J AU Gallacher, S Flynn, KJ Franco, JM Brueggemann, EE Hines, HB AF Gallacher, S Flynn, KJ Franco, JM Brueggemann, EE Hines, HB TI Evidence for production of paralytic shellfish toxins by bacteria associated with Alexandrium spp (Dinophyta) in culture SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM-CATENATUM; PROTOGONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; AXENIC CULTURE; CATENELLA; TETRODOTOXIN; TOXICITY; ANHYDROTETRODOTOXIN; SAXITOXIN; GROWTH; SPAIN AB A substantial proportion of bacteria from five Alexandrium cultures originally isolated from various countries produced sodium channel blocking (SCB) toxins, as ascertained by mouse neuroblastoma assay. The quantities of SCB toxins produced by bacteria and dinoflagellates were noted, and the limitations in comparing the toxicities of these two organisms are discussed. The chemical nature of the SCB toxins in selected bacterial isolates was determined as paralytic shellfish toxins by pre- and postcolumn high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and enzyme immunoassay. C1 UNIV COLL SWANSEA, SCH BIOL SCI, SWANSEA ALGAL RES UNIT, SWANSEA SA2 8PP, W GLAM, WALES. CSIC, INST INVEST MARINAS, VIGO 36208, SPAIN. USA, MED RES INST INFECT DIS, DIV TOXINOL, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. RP Gallacher, S (reprint author), SOAEFD, MARINE LAB, POB 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND. OI Flynn, Kevin/0000-0001-6913-5884 NR 53 TC 110 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 63 IS 1 BP 239 EP 245 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WA168 UT WOS:A1997WA16800037 PM 9065273 ER PT J AU Keeble, DJ Poindexter, EH Gerardi, GJ AF Keeble, DJ Poindexter, EH Gerardi, GJ TI Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of impurity defects in PbTiO3 SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE electron paramagnetic resonance; ferroelectricity; perovskite oxide; lead titanate ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BATIO3; IONS AB Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of metal ion impurities in the perovskite titanate PbTiO3 are presented, Results for Pt+3, Mn+4, and Cu+2 are given, and near-neighbor superhyperfine structure (shfs) splittings for the first Ph shell are reported for these ions at low temperature, The relation between the shfs and the local structure of the ion is discussed. C1 USA,ARMY RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. WILLIAM PATERSON COLL NEW JERSEY,DEPT CHEM & PHYS,WAYNE,NJ 07470. RP Keeble, DJ (reprint author), UNIV DUNDEE,CARNEGIE LAB PHYS,DUNDEE DD1 4DH,SCOTLAND. RI Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 51 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1366/0003702971938858 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA WJ128 UT WOS:A1997WJ12800021 ER PT B AU Donovan, M Donovan, K Rick, D AF Donovan, M Donovan, K Rick, D GP ASSPC QIAL & PARTICIPAT TI Learning from the best - Principles involved in creating high performance teamwork at Miller Brewing and the US Army Special Forces SO AQP'S 19TH ANNUAL SPRING CONFERENCE AND RESOURCE MART, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - "THE SPIRIT OF WORKING TOGETHER" LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Spring Conference and Resource Mart of the Association-for-Quality-and-Participation on the Spirit Working Together CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Assoc Qualit & Participat AB A key ingredient in achieving market leadership is developing and sustaining a competitive edge. One such ''edge'' is high performance teamwork. Two organizations, widely regarded as the best at what they do are Miller Brewing Company's Plant in Trenton, Ohio and the U.S. Army's Special Forces ... the Green Berets. These two very different organizations share a common commitment ... to develop and maintain high performance teams. Therefore, it is no surprise that these different organizations apply similar principles. In this article, we will look at several of these principles and examine how they are applied by both Miller Brewing and the Special Forces. C1 USA,WASHINGTON,DC 20310. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC QUALITY & PARTICIPATION PI CINCINNATI PA 801-B W 8TH ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45203 PY 1997 BP 428 EP 437 PG 10 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BH97M UT WOS:A1997BH97M00042 ER PT J AU Pehoushek, JF Heimer, WL AF Pehoushek, JF Heimer, WL TI Solitary facial lesion SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUIR-TORRE SYNDROME; NEOPLASMS RP Pehoushek, JF (reprint author), DWIGHT D EISENHOWER ARMY MED CTR,FT GORDON,GA 30905, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 133 IS 1 BP 98 EP & DI 10.1001/archderm.133.1.98 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA WC675 UT WOS:A1997WC67500015 PM 9006382 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Graham, JS Skelton, HG Hurst, CG AF Smith, KJ Graham, JS Skelton, HG Hurst, CG TI Additional observations using a pulsed carbon dioxide laser with a fixed pulse duration SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN,WASHINGTON,DC. USA,ARLINGTON,VA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), USA,NATL NAVAL CTR,6514 ROCKHURST RD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 133 IS 1 BP 105 EP 107 DI 10.1001/archderm.133.1.105 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA WC675 UT WOS:A1997WC67500020 PM 9006385 ER PT J AU Mukand, J Langlois, L Sniger, W AF Mukand, J Langlois, L Sniger, W TI Rehabilitative management of polyarteritis: A case report SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID CHURG-STRAUSS ANGIITIS; NODOSA; VASCULITIS AB A 75-year-old woman with polyarteritis who developed polyneuropathy and quadriplegia underwent intensive rehabilitation that resulted in significant improvement. This report discusses various therapeutic strategies for the successful management of patients with severe polyarteritis. Strategies include orthotics for both upper and lower extremities, sensory reeducation, edema management, and the use of adaptive devices in retraining the patient with activities of daily living. The associated neurological, orthopedic, renal, and cardiac complications in the context of rehabilitation for this complex condition are discussed. (C) 1997 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation C1 BOSTON UNIV,DEPT REHABIL MED,BOSTON,MA 02215. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT REHABIL MED,BETHESDA,MD. BROWN UNIV,DEPT ORTHOPED & REHABIL MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. BOSTON UNIV,DEPT REHABIL MED,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP Mukand, J (reprint author), SO NEW ENGLAND REHABIL CTR,DEPT REHABIL MED,21 PEACE ST,PROVIDENCE,RI 02907, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 89 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90017-4 PG 3 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA WB829 UT WOS:A1997WB82900017 PM 9014965 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Spielberg, H Cliff, RO Wassef, NM Rudolph, AS Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Spielberg, H Cliff, RO Wassef, NM Rudolph, AS Alving, CR TI Complement activation and thromboxane secretion by liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin in rats in vivo: Inhibition by soluble complement receptor type 1 SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; IN-VITRO; A(2); RABBIT AB Intravenous administration of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) in rats led to an early (within 15 min) decline of hemolytic complement (C) activity in the plasma along with a significant, parallel rise in thromboxane B-2 (TXB2) levels. The TXB2 response was inhibited by co-administration of soluble C receptor type 1 (sCR1) with LEH, as well as by C depletion with cobra venom factor. These observations provide evidence for a causal relationship between LEH-induced C activation and TXB2 release, and suggest that sCR1 could be useful in attenuating the acute respiratory, hematological and hemodynamic side effects of LEH described earlier in the rat. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USN,RES LAB,CTR BIOMOL SCI & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT MEMBRANE BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.3109/10731199709118925 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA XL592 UT WOS:A1997XL59200003 PM 9242930 ER PT J AU Peri, SP Bhadti, VS Hosmane, RS AF Peri, SP Bhadti, VS Hosmane, RS TI Bis[2-(4-carboxyphenoxy)carbonylethyl]phosphinic acid (BCCEP): A new reagent for hemoglobin modification SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The synthesis and hemoglobin cross-linking studies of a novel organic reagent, bis[2-(4-carboxyphenoxy)carbonylethyl]phosphinic acid (BCCEP; 2) has been reported. The reagent was synthesized in four steps from hydroxybenzoic acid. The tri-sodium salt of BCCEP was employed to cross-link oxyHb, and the product was purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The purified material was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, IEF, and HPLC analyses, which clearly showed the formation of covalent, intramolecular cross-links. While SDS-PAGE analyses of individual bands pointed to the molecular weight range of 32 kDa, the HPLC analyses suggested that the cross-links had formed between beta(1)-beta(2) subunits. The oxygen equilibrium measurements and the Hill plots were performed on the purified bands to assess oxygen affinity as well as cooperativity of oxygen binding of the modified hemoglobins. All bands corresponding to modified hemoglobins showed significantly reduced oxygen affinity as compared with that of cell-free hemoglobin, as desired. The modified hemoglobins, however, exhibited somewhat reduced oxygen-binding cooperativity as contrasted with human stroma-free hemoglobin. Molecular dynamics simulation studies (Insight II/Discover/Biosym) on the Reagent-HbA(0) complex suggested that the most likely amino acid residues involved in the cross-linking are Lys82 or N-terminal Val1 on one of the beta chains, and Lys144 on the other. C1 UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,LAB DRUG DESIGN & SYNTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21250. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,BLOOD RES DETACHMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL48632] NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 511 EP 520 DI 10.3109/10731199709117448 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA YC813 UT WOS:A1997YC81300002 PM 9352056 ER PT B AU Rabon, W AF Rabon, W GP AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL TI Using the Internet for electronics professionals SO ASQC'S 51ST ANNUAL QUALITY CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Quality Control Congress of the American-Society-for-Quality-Control CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Qual Control DE Electronics Division; Internet; newsgroups; World Wide Web (WWW) AB The INTERNET seems to be everywhere and talked about by everybody lately. Is it professionally useful for people in the electronics field? This paper will explore a brief history of the INTERNET and how it can be useful to electronics professional now. We will also discuss what efforts ASQC-ED has made to use the INTERNET and what we will be doing in the future. C1 USA, CECOM, Belvoir Div PIPE, Stafford, VA 22554 USA. RP Rabon, W (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Belvoir Div PIPE, 2002 Harpoon Dr,Aquia Harbour, Stafford, VA 22554 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL PI MILWAUKEE PA 611 E WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA PY 1997 BP 585 EP 586 PG 2 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BK34H UT WOS:000071845700095 ER PT J AU Singh, MP McNider, RT Meyers, R Gupta, S AF Singh, MP McNider, RT Meyers, R Gupta, S TI Nocturnal wind structure over land and dispersion of pollutants: An analytical study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wind profile; nocturnal; plume dispersion ID BOUNDARY-LAYER AB An analytical cum empirical formulation (AE formulation) is proposed to provide estimates of wind structure and plume width (and sigma(y)) over land for dispersion overnight. The formulation is an extension of our earlier studies (McNider et nl., 1993, Atmospheric Environment 27A, 2199-2214; Singh er nl., 1993, Boundary-Layer Met. 63, 397-423) with the basic difference that the latter formulation required the use of the mesoscale numerical model (MSNM) (McNider et al., 1988, Atmospheric Environment 11, 2445-2462), whereas the present study is a self-contained formulation. The study shows that the model results are significantly dependent on the initial wind profile at t = t(i) (around the time of sunset) when the inertial oscillations are expected to be triggered in the residual layer due to the surface heat flux reversal. The analysis shows that the results in respect of sigma(y) obtained from the AE formulation (based on the logarithmic/hyperbolic profile as an initial input) are in good agreement with those obtained from the MSNM. During the initial stages of the nocturnal dispersion (similar to first hour after sunset), when the traditional Briggs empirical formulations for sigma(y) are valid, it is shown that the AE formulation based on the logarithmic profile gives results very close to those obtained from the Briggs formulation. Since the AE formulation is a simple scheme and requires data routinely available at the meteorological stations, it can be conveniently used by the operational scientists and the regulatory agencies to provide estimates of the nocturnal wind structure and width of plumes dispersed over land. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 USA,RES LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM. RP Singh, MP (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,EARTH SYST SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00047-7 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VP273 UT WOS:A1997VP27300009 ER PT B AU Dowling, JP AF Dowling, JP BE Prentiss, MG Phillips, WD TI Hollow-fiber, evanescent light-wave, atom-bottle trap SO ATOM OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Atom Optics Conference CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE hollow; fiber; evanescent; light; laser; atom; guide; trap; blue; detuned AB Recent theoretical and experimental demonstrations have shown that blue-detuned laser light, propagating in the annular core-cladding region of a hollow-glass fiber, produces a repulsive, evanescent light-wave potential in the hollow, that can be used to guide near-resonant atoms down the fiber. In this work, I show that slight modifications to the hollow-fiber geometry can be used to turn this atom guide into an atom-bottle trap. The trap can be opened and shut by varying the aperture angle at which light couples into the fiber, allowing the atoms to be easily loaded. This trap has an advantage over other optical atom traps in that the atoms move coherently in a field-free region with only brief specular reflections at the step-like potential walls. RP Dowling, JP (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,WEAPONS SCI DIRECTORATE,AMSMI,RD,WS,ST,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2406-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2995 BP 126 EP 137 DI 10.1117/12.273748 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BH79X UT WOS:A1997BH79X00013 ER PT B AU Yip, PW Lin, SS AF Yip, PW Lin, SS BE Cohen, SH Lightbody, ML TI Atomic force microscopy of ion-beam modified carbon fibers SO ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY/SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Natick-Research-Development-and-Engineering-Center of US-Army-Soldier-System-Command Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (AFM/STM) Symposium CY JUN 07-09, 1994 CL NATICK, MA SP USA Soldier Syst Command, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr AB Several commercial PAN and pitch based carbon fibers were modified by a low voltage ion source of nitrogen or oxygen in the range of 400-1000 eV. The fiber reinforced epoxy composites made from the treated fibers were found to have higher interfacial strength than those made from the untreated ones. The improvement of adhesive strengths obtained from the transverse tensile stress measurement reached as high as three to four folds of the original fibers. This result could be explained from increased roughness and enhanced surface functionalities. The scanning electron microscope, which traditionally is used for surface characterization, fails to detect the mild surface alteration caused by the bombardment of the low-energy ion beams. Thus, the atomic force microscope (AFM) with near-atomic resolution might provide us the information needed for the understanding of ion-modified morphology. In the present investigation, the AFM instrument, manufactured by TopoMetrix is used in the characterization of the modified fibers. Preliminary AFM results indicate significant morphology and topography changes on the treated surfaces. RP Yip, PW (reprint author), USA,MAT RES LAB,WATERTOWN,MA 02172, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45596-X PY 1997 BP 241 EP 247 PG 3 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA BH52R UT WOS:A1997BH52R00028 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, MYD Meisel, LV Johnson, MA Wolfe, A Thomson, DJ AF Lanzerotti, MYD Meisel, LV Johnson, MA Wolfe, A Thomson, DJ BE Smith, DJ TI Fracture surface topography of energetic materials using atomic force microscopy SO ATOMIC RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY OF SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Resolution Microscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Height profiles spaced 0.008 mu m apart across the fracture surface of TNT melt-cast in polycarbonate sleeves have been obtained with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Spatial power spectra (wavelengths of 0.016 mu m to 4.0 mu m) have been calculated using both a prolate spheroidal data window and a Kaiser window in the horizontal space domain prior to using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. Results based on topographical profiles across the surface include the following. The power spectral density of the individual fracture surface profiles is found to decrease with increasing spatial frequency over the dimensional region examined approximate to 1.0 mu m(-1) to approximate to 10.0 mu m(-1). The spectral amplitudes are found to have a frequency dependence proportional to fs. The determined values of s in the dimensional region 1 - 10 mu m(-1) scatter in the range -1 < s < -4. Those values of s outside the range -3 < s less than or equal to -2 indicate non-fractal fracture. There is significant structure in the spectra even for those with slopes within the range of a fractal dependence. Both observations are consistent with the appearance of numerous peaks in the spectra that indicate that a substantial amount of the fracture occurs at grain boundaries in the form of large clusters of TNT. Such a fracture process is deterministic. RP Lanzerotti, MYD (reprint author), USA,ARDEC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-370-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 466 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BJ67H UT WOS:A1997BJ67H00028 ER PT S AU Phillips, PJ Moon, H Rauss, P Rizvi, SA AF Phillips, PJ Moon, H Rauss, P Rizvi, SA BE Bigun, J Chollet, G Borgefors, G TI The FERET September 1996 database and evaluation procedure SO AUDIO- AND VIDEO-BASED BIOMETRIC PERSON AUTHENTICATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Audio-Based and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA 97) CY MAR 12-14, 1997 CL CRANS MONTANA, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lausanne, Switzerland, Dalle Molle Inst Percept Artificial Intelligence, Martigny, Switzerland, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Swiss Grp Artificial Intelligence & Cognit Sci, Swiss Grp Specialized Telecommun Enterprise Networking & Serv Automat, MATRA Commun, SODEVAL S A, Valais Econ Dev Corp, SWISS TELECOM AB Two of the most critical requirements in support of producing reliable face-recognition systems are a large database of facial images and a testing procedure to evaluate systems. The Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program has addressed both issues through the FERET database of facial images and the establishment of the FERET tests. In this paper, we report on the FERET database and the September 1996 FERET test. This test is the third in a series of supervised face-recognition test administered under the FERET program. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Appl Sci, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jonathon@arl.mil RI Rauss, Patrick/A-3029-2011 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-62660-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1206 BP 395 EP 402 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK21A UT WOS:000071537700048 ER PT J AU Kovacs, B Liossis, SNC Dennis, GJ Tsokos, GC AF Kovacs, B Liossis, SNC Dennis, GJ Tsokos, GC TI Increased expression of functional Fas-ligand in activated T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO AUTOIMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE SLE; T cells; apoptosis ID INDUCED APOPTOSIS; DEATH APOPTOSIS; LYMPHOCYTES; DISEASE; PROTEIN; EVENTS; CD95; MICE AB The Fas ligand induces apoptosis upon binding to Fas/APO-1 (CD95) bearing target cells. Activation induced cell death (AICD) in T cells is mediated by upregulation of Fas ligand on the cell surface membrane upon crosslinking of the TCR. AICD is considered to be essential for the elimination of autoreactive T cells in the peripheral blood. To elucidate possible abnormalities in the process of AICD in human SLE, we studied the expression and function of Fas ligand in polyclonal T cell lines from patients with SLE, patients with other rheumatic diseases and normal controls. SLE T cells expressed on their surface significantly higher amounts of Fas ligand compared to the two control groups. Stimulation of the cells with anti-CD3 mAb lead to further increase in surface membrane Fas ligand expression in all three groups with SLE expressing the highest amounts. The percentage of increase was though lower in SLE T cells than in normal T cells or disease control cells. The T cells were examined for Fas ligand-mediated cytotoxicity in a Cr-51 release assay using Fas-expressing normal T cells as target cells. There was no difference in SLE and control T cells with regard to specific Cr-51 lysis, indicating that the Fas ligand expressed by the SLE T cells is functional. Our data show that activated T cells from patients with SLE express high amounts of functional Fas ligand with intact TCR-mediated upregulation. This could account for the high apoptotic rates that have been observed in lymphocytes from patients with SLE. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 2 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0891-6934 J9 AUTOIMMUNITY JI Autoimmunity PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.3109/08916939708994730 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XZ295 UT WOS:A1997XZ29500003 PM 9344329 ER PT B AU Phillips, MA Sims, SRF AF Phillips, MA Sims, SRF BE Sadjadi, FA TI A signal to clutter measure for ATR performance comparison SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Signal to Clutter; ATR; target spatial signature AB ATR algorithm performance is clearly directly related to the signature and clutter on which it operates. This paper describes a practical signal to clutter measure used for comparing data set relative detection and recognition difficulty by making use of the target signature directly. Results are shown on a variety of data sets. RP Phillips, MA (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2484-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3069 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.277137 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16U UT WOS:A1997BJ16U00007 ER PT B AU Pham, T Fong, MF AF Pham, T Fong, MF BE Sadjadi, FA TI Real-time implementation of MUSIC for wideband acoustic detection and tracking SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE acoustics; wideband; MUSIC; direction of arrival (DOA); high-resolution; real-time; ground vehicles AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been developing advanced acoustic array signal processing algorithms using small baseline arrays for detecting, performing direction finding, tracking, and classifying ground targets. In this paper, we discuss the wideband MUSIC algorithms and the real-time implementation of these algorithms in the ARL sensor testbed. Computational complexity issues and CPU platforms pertaining to the testbed are discussed. In addition, we present experimental results for multiple targets test runs showing the relative performance of the delay-sum and the incoherent wideband MUSIC algorithms versus ground truth. RP Pham, T (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2484-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3069 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1117/12.277112 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16U UT WOS:A1997BJ16U00026 ER PT B AU Curry, PA Hauer, CC Jones, BE AF Curry, PA Hauer, CC Jones, BE GP IEEE TI A paperless system of reporting and analyzing field failure data for IFTE ATS SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB Data collection from complex systems is typically inefficient and inaccurate since it requires a certain degree of operator interaction. Sample Data Collection (SDC) is a well known method of collecting data in some government agencies. This can be a very cumbersome method requiring many man-hours and much dedication of the data collectors in filling out surveys. me U.S. Army has developed a tool for its Integrated Family of Test Equipment (IFTE) which will replace this time and personnel intensive method with a real-time automated process which shall yield considerable cost savings and increase the accuracy of what is reported. Coupled with this reporting scheme are automated analyses, which are currently under development to satisfy the needs of the owners of the equipment under test Benefits of this automation are numerous. Determining mom accurate spares requirements, demonstrating/validating reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) values, and many more to be discussed. This automated approach is designed for the U.S. Army's IFTE Automated Test Systems(ATS) which diagnoses and repairs its electronic military systems including, but not limited to, complex avionics, communications, combat, tracked vehicles, and missiles. There are no special requirements for computer equipment, as a 486 generation processor based personal computer is used currently with commercial software tools. This paper details the way the test data is automatically logged into electronic format the system in place to collect this data, and possible ways to benefit from this technology using automated analyses - all paperless. RP Curry, PA (reprint author), USA,USATA ENGN,TMDE ACT,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633541 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00003 ER PT B AU Su, LP Bosco, CD England, W AF Su, LP Bosco, CD England, W GP IEEE TI Application of new information technology to DOD legacy paper technical manuals SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The Department of Defense is in the process of digitizing paper technical manuals (TMs). This consists, mainly, of direct copy to disk, with only a few being upgraded to Electronic Technical Manual (ETM) or Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM). However, there is no clear-cut methodology for cost-effectively converting paper manual to various levels of upgrade. The Advanced Technology Office, the U.S. Army Test, Measurement, and Diagnostics Equipment Activity, the U.S. Army Missile Command, has investigated the conversion technologies/tools and developed conversion procedures that can achieve these goals: the most cost effective, value-added, and user-friendly ETM/IETM. This article will provide some guidelines to assist the ETMs/IETMs developers to achieve these goals. RP Su, LP (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,TEST MEASUREMENT & DIAGNOST EQUIPMENT ACT,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00004 ER PT B AU Marinelli, AMP AF Marinelli, AMP GP IEEE TI The dynamic range tester: A patented, dual-channel, precision signal-to-noise ratio generator SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The Dynamic Range Tester (DRT) is a patented, prototype system designed at the Army Research Laboratory. This useful tool emulates field conditions in the laboratory in order to characterize signal processing hardware with repeatability and reliability. It is a multi-purpose, test instrument that simultaneously generates two highly isolated, wideband, ''real-world'' signals. The DRT contains precision attenuators that allow the user to independently vary the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of each generated signal. This prototype system operates from 30 to 400 MHz, and the patented design is extendible to all frequency ranges to produce useful instrumentation for telecommunications, telemetry, biomedical instrumentation, or other applications. The DRT can be used to determine dynamic range of a radio frequency (RF) system, as well as processing gain and frequency resolution of an acousto-optic (AO) system. It can be used for testing and demonstration purposes, to evaluate a system's tolerance to noisy inputs. It can be used to conduct bandwidth and interference testing and to determine two-tone dynamic range on a dual-input device. In the DRT, the phase of the signals is not controlled. However, the basic DRT design could be amended to include controls for varying the phase of the generated signals, if such a system were needed. RP Marinelli, AMP (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,RF IMAGE PROC BRANCH,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633638 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00050 ER PT B AU Zwick, H Elliott, R Schuschereba, ST Lund, DJ Stuck, BE AF Zwick, H Elliott, R Schuschereba, ST Lund, DJ Stuck, BE BE Lakshminarayanan, V TI In vivo cellular characterization of retinal pathology in a small eye animal model SO BASIC AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF VISION SCIENCE: THE PROFESSOR JAY M ENOCH FESTSCHRIFT VOLUME SE DOCUMENTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enoch Vision Science Symposium (EnochFest) CY APR 27-30, 1996 CL BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif Berkeley Sch Optometry, Alcon Labs Inc, Allergan Inc, Drs David & Eileen Birch, Family Raymond Eng, Heidelberg Engn Inc, Hoya Corp, Dr Donald Korb, Nidek Corp, Dr Hitoshi Ohzu, Opt Werke g Rodenstock, Pentax Asahi Opt Co, Retina Fdn Southwest, Smith Kettlewell Eye Res Inst, Dr Shinichi Yamade, Dr Tetsushi Yasuma, Welch Allyn Inc, Dr Irvin M Borish, Dr Edward Revelli AB We have used confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) to evaluate acute laser injury to the retina in a small eye animal model. The snake eye is optically unique, combining a high numerical aperture with a clear non-turbid ocular media. These optical qualities optimize image resolution in the spatial and depth dimension. We demonstrate that acute laser exposures capable of damaging the photoreceptor matrix may also alter the blood flow imaged at more interior levels of the retina. At lower levels of exposure more photoreceptors survive but turn highly reflective and are better detected with non-visible (780 nm) than visible (633 nm) imaging laser sources. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,OCULAR HAZARDS RES,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,7914 A DR,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4348-4 J9 DOC OPHTH P PY 1997 VL 60 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BH34E UT WOS:A1997BH34E00040 ER PT J AU Kolakowski, JE DeFrank, JJ Harvey, SP Szafraniec, LL Beaudry, WT Lai, KH Wild, JR AF Kolakowski, JE DeFrank, JJ Harvey, SP Szafraniec, LL Beaudry, WT Lai, KH Wild, JR TI Enzymatic hydrolysis of the chemical warfare agent VX and its neurotoxic analogues by organophosphorus hydrolase SO BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION LA English DT Article DE enzyme biocatalysis; detoxification; neurotoxins ID PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; PESTICIDES; SITE AB Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is a bacterial enzyme that hydrolyzes a variety of organophosphorus (OP) neurotoxins, including many widely used pesticides and chemical warfare agents containing P-O, P-F, P-CN and P-S bonds. It has extremely high efficiency in hydrolysis of many different phosphotriester and phosphothiolester pesticides (P-O bond) such as paraoxon (k(cat) > 3800 s(-1)) and coumaphos (k(cat) = 800 s(-1)) or phosphonate (P-F) neurotoxins such as DFP (k(cat) = 350 s(-1)) and the chemical warfare agent sarin (k(cat) = 56 s(-1)). In contrast, the enzyme has much lower catalytic capabilities for phosphonothioate neurotoxins such as acephate (k(cat) = 2.8 s(-1)) or the chemical warfare agent VX [O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate] (k(cat) = 0.3 s(-1)). This lower specificity for VX and its analogues are reflected by the specificity constants (k(cat)/K-m values) for VX = 0.75 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1) compared to 5.5 x 10(7) M-1 s(-1) for paraoxon. Different metal-associated forms of the enzyme demonstrated significantly varying hydrolytic capabilities for VX and its analogues, and the activity of OPH (Co+2) was consistently higher than that of OPH (Zn+2) by five to twenty fold. Hydrolysis of the P-S bonds was determined by monitoring the formation of free -SH groups, and the specific cleavage of the P-S bond was verified by P-31 NMR analysis. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM j-wild@tamu.edu NR 20 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2422 EI 1029-2446 J9 BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR JI Biocatal. Biotransform. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 4 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.3109/10242429709003196 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YN931 UT WOS:000071223100004 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Prol, HK Mathur, SP Akyel, Y Campbell, CBG AF Pakhomov, AG Prol, HK Mathur, SP Akyel, Y Campbell, CBG TI Search for frequency-specific effects of millimeter-wave radiation on isolated nerve function SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE nerve conduction; compound action potential; frequency-specific bioeffects ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI-CELLS; LOW-INTENSITY; IRRADIATION; GROWTH AB Effects of a short-term exposure to millimeter waves (CW, 40-52 GHz, 0.24-3.0 mW/cm(2)) on the compound action potential (CAP) conduction were studied in an isolated frog sciatic nerve preparation. CAPs were evoked by either a low-rate or a high-rate electrical stimulation of the nerve (4 and 20 paired pulses/s, respectively). The low-rate stimulation did not alter the functional state of the nerve, and the amplitude, latency, and peak latency of CAPs could stay virtually stable for hours. Microwave irradiation for 10-60 min at 0.24-1.5 mW/cm(2), either at various constant frequencies or with a stepwise frequency change (0.1 or 0.01 GHz/min), did not cause any detectable changes in CAP conduction or nerve refractoriness. The effect observed under irradiation at a higher field intensity of 2-3 mW/cm(2) was a subtle and transient reduction of CAP latency and peak latency along with a rise of the test CAP amplitude. These changes could be evoked by any tested frequency of the radiation; they reversed shortly after cessation of exposure and were both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the effect of conventional heating of 0.3-0.4 degrees C. The high-rate electrical stimulation caused gradual and reversible decrease of the amplitude of conditioning and test CAPs and increased their latencies and peak latencies. These changes were essentially the same with and without irradiation (2.0-2.7 or 0.24-0.28 mW/cm(2)), except for attenuation of the decrease of the test CAP amplitude. This effect was observed at both field intensities, but was statistically significant only for certain frequencies of the radiation. Within the studied limits, this effect appeared to be dependent on the frequency rather than on the intensity of the radiation, but this observation requires additional experimental confirmation. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 MCKESSON BIOSERV, BROOKS AFB, SAN ANTONIO, TX USA. RP WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, USA MED RES DETACHMENT,USA MCMR,BROOKS AFB, 8308 HAWKS RD, BLDG 1168, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-8462 EI 1521-186X J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:4<324::AID-BEM5>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA WW558 UT WOS:A1997WW55800005 PM 9140663 ER PT J AU Center, TD Grodowitz, MJ Cofrancesco, AF Jubinsky, G Snoddy, E Freedman, JE AF Center, TD Grodowitz, MJ Cofrancesco, AF Jubinsky, G Snoddy, E Freedman, JE TI Establishment of Hydrellia pakistanae (Diptera: Ephydridae) for the biological control of the submersed aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in the southeastern United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE aquatic weeds; hydrilla control; biological control of weeds; Hydrellia pakistanae; Hydrilla verticillata; phytophagous insects; bioagent release techniques; Ephydridae; Hydrocharitaceae ID INSECTS; QUALITY; TESTS AB The Indian leaf-mining fly Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier was released in the United States during October 1987 as a potential agent for the biological control of the submersed aquatic plant, Hydrilla uerticillata (L.f.) Royle. Since then, nearly 3 million individuals have been released in four states at over 25 separate locations. Hydrellia pakistanae is now permanently established at many locations in Florida as well as other portions of the southeastern United States. Despite early failures, populations established from at least 70% of the release attempts. Modifications of rearing and release procedures that considered the biology of the agent in relation to various habitat characteristics facilitated successful establishment. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 USAE,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS. BUR AQUAT PLANT CONTROL,FLORIDA DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35611. RP Center, TD (reprint author), ARS,USDA,AQUAT PLANT CONTROL RES UNIT,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1006/bcon.1996.0491 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WB848 UT WOS:A1997WB84800009 ER PT S AU Talley, JW Sleeper, PM AF Talley, JW Sleeper, PM BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI Roadblocks to the implementation of biotreatment strategies SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FLORIDA C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Talley, JW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-064-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 16 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48562.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200003 PM 9472311 ER PT S AU Gu, J Preckshot, GW Banerji, SK Bajpai, RK AF Gu, J Preckshot, GW Banerji, SK Bajpai, RK BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI Effect of some common solubility enhancers on microbial growth SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FLORIDA ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOIL-WATER SYSTEMS; TRITON X-100; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHYSICAL STATE; BIODEGRADATION; PHENANTHRENE; MINERALIZATION C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bajpai, RK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, EER, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-064-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48565.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200006 ER PT S AU Harvey, SD Fredrickson, HL Evans, WE Zappi, ME Hill, DO AF Harvey, SD Fredrickson, HL Evans, WE Zappi, ME Hill, DO BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI Evaluation of bioslurry ecosystems for removal of TNT from contaminated soil using a variety of process amendments SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FLORIDA ID SP B-STRAIN; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; BIODEGRADATION; SYSTEM C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. ASCI Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Harvey, SD (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-064-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 142 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48572.x PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200013 ER PT S AU Best, EPH Zappi, ME Fredrickson, HL Sprecher, SL Larson, SL Ochman, M AF Best, EPH Zappi, ME Fredrickson, HL Sprecher, SL Larson, SL Ochman, M BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI Screening of aquatic and wetland plant species for phytoremediation of explosives-contaminated groundwater from the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FL ID 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; SOILS; FATE C1 ASCL Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39081 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Best, EPH (reprint author), ASCL Corp, 3402 Wisconsin Ave,Suite 5, Vicksburg, MS 39081 USA. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-065-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48574.x PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200015 PM 9472320 ER PT S AU Larson, SL AF Larson, SL BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI Fate of explosive contaminants in plants SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FLORIDA C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Chem Branch, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Larson, SL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Chem Branch, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-064-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48575.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200016 PM 9472321 ER PT S AU Sikora, FJ Behrends, LL Phillips, WD Coonrod, HS Bailey, E Bader, DF AF Sikora, FJ Behrends, LL Phillips, WD Coonrod, HS Bailey, E Bader, DF BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI A microcosm study on remediation of explosives-contaminated groundwater using constructed wetlands SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FLORIDA ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; BIODEGRADATION C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Environm Technol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sikora, FJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-064-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 202 EP 218 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48576.x PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200017 PM 9472322 ER PT S AU Myers, TE Townsend, DM AF Myers, TE Townsend, DM BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI Recent developments in formulating model descriptors for subsurface transformation and sorption of trinitrotoluene SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FLORIDA ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; CONTAMINATED SOIL; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; BIODEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; FATE; TNT C1 USA, Engineers Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Myers, TE (reprint author), USA, Engineers Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-064-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48577.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200018 PM 9472323 ER PT S AU Gunnison, D Fredrickson, HL Kaplan, DL Allen, AL Mello, CM Walker, JE Myrick, G Evans, WE Ochman, M AF Gunnison, D Fredrickson, HL Kaplan, DL Allen, AL Mello, CM Walker, JE Myrick, G Evans, WE Ochman, M BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI Application of continuous culture technology for the development of explosives-degrading microorganisms SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FLORIDA C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Amer Sci Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Gunnison, D (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-064-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48578.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200019 ER PT J AU Scremin, OU Shih, TM Li, MG AF Scremin, OU Shih, TM Li, MG TI Mapping of cortical metabolic activation in soman-induced convulsions in rats SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE soman; organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors; pyridostigmine; convulsions; autoradiography; cerebral glucose utilization; brain lesions; rat ID CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; FOCAL MOTOR SEIZURES; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; C-14 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE; PROTECTION; PRETREATMENT; COMPOUND; ANIMALS; MODEL AB The metabolic activation of the cerebral cortex during convulsions induced by the organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor soman was studied in detail. Soman was given at a dose equivalent to 0.9 LD50 (100 mu g/kg SC after pretreatment with 26 mu g/kg pyridostigmine, IM, to decrease lethality) to examine separately the metabolic effects of severe acetylcholinesterase inhibition, present always with this dose, and convulsions, present only in some of the animals, Cerebral glucose utilization (CGU) values of cortex divided by CGU of brain stem (nCGU) were calculated for 96 locations in nine coronal slices. Animals injected with pyridostigmine-soman and that developed convulsions (n = 7) showed statistically significant increases of nCGU with regard to animals injected with saline (n = 5) in 33 locations, 27 of which were in a single cluster, with the piriform cortex at its center, Perirhinal cortex, and insular cortex also showed significantly higher nCGU in convulsing rats, Other foci of elevated nCGU were found in frontal and parietal locations, In animals injected with pyridostigmine-soman and that did not develop convulsions (n = 5) in spite of severe cholinesterase inhibition, a single location (piriform cortex) showed significantly higher nCGU than controls, Neuropathology evaluation showed a significant decrease in viable cells only in animals that developed convulsions, This effect correlated with enhanced nCGU. It is concluded that the presence of convulsions, and not exposure to pyridostigmine-soman, determined the pattern of nCGU cortical activation, which correlated closely with the structural changes. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90073. USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,NEUROTOXICOL BRANCH,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Scremin, OU (reprint author), W LOS ANGELES VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,11301 WILSHIRE BLVD,BLDG 115,ROOM 317,LOS ANGELES,CA 90073, USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PY 1997 VL 43 IS 4 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00029-4 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XK432 UT WOS:A1997XK43200009 PM 9241446 ER PT J AU Marini, AM Strauss, KI Jacobowitz, DM AF Marini, AM Strauss, KI Jacobowitz, DM TI Calretinin-containing neurons in rat cerebellar granule cell cultures SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE calretinin; unipolar brush cell; Lugaro cell; calretinin mRNA; glutamate receptor agonists; excitotoxicity; AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor subtype (GluR(2)R(3)) ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; UNIPOLAR BRUSH CELL; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; RECEPTOR SUBTYPES; GLUTAMATE; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN AB Using an antiserum against calretinin, a calcium-binding protein, we discovered two distinct neuronal cell types that stain intensely in enriched cerebellar granule cells. One neuronal cell type resembles unipolar brush cells, whereas the other resembles Lugaro cells. During early culture times, these calretinin-positive neurons are most numerous but represent less than one percent of the total neuronal population. In cultured cells, calretinin mRNA levels peak at day three in vitro, followed by a rapid decline to undetectable levels by day six in vitro. However, calretinin-immunoreactive neurons are observed up to 29 days in vitro. Excitotoxic concentrations of glutamate receptor agonists failed to elicit an excitotoxic response on the intensely staining calretinin-positive neurons, whereas greater than 95% of the cerebellar granule cells were susceptible to the excitotoxic actions of the glutamate receptor agonists. To distinguish between the two possibilities that calretinin-positive neurons either do not express glutamate receptors or they are not susceptible to the excitotoxic effects of glutamate receptor agonists, we performed immunocytochemistry using glutamate receptor antibodies to detect the presence of receptor protein. We found that the AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor (GluR(2)R(3)) colocalized with calretinin, suggesting that calretinin-immunoreactive neurons express the AMPA/kainate receptor; cerebellar granule cells, which are known to express this receptor, were also immunoreactive for the GluR(2)R(3) receptor. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NIMH,CLIN SCI LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Marini, AM (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT NEUROL,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PY 1997 VL 42 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0361-9230(96)00263-8 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WH105 UT WOS:A1997WH10500004 PM 9043714 ER PT J AU Dishman, RK Renner, KJ Youngstedt, SD Reigle, TG Bunnell, BN Burke, KA Yoo, HS Mougey, EH Meyerhof, JL AF Dishman, RK Renner, KJ Youngstedt, SD Reigle, TG Bunnell, BN Burke, KA Yoo, HS Mougey, EH Meyerhof, JL TI Activity wheel running reduces escape latency and alters brain monoamine levels after footshock SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE exercise; rat; NE; DA; 5-HT; ACTH; prolactin ID LEARNED HELPLESSNESS; SEROTONERGIC NEURONS; INESCAPABLE SHOCK; FEMALE RATS; STRESS; NOREPINEPHRINE; DEPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; CORTICOSTERONE AB We examined the effects of chronic activity wheel running on brain monoamines and latency to escape foot shock after prior exposure to uncontrollable, inescapable foot shock. Individually housed young (similar to 50 day) female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to standard cages (sedentary) or cages with activity wheels. After 9-12 weeks, animals were matched in pairs on body mass. Activity wheel animals were also matched on running distance. An animal from each matched pair was randomly assigned to controllable or uncontrollable inescapable foot shock followed the next day by a foot shock escape test in a shuttle box. Brain concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were assayed in the locus coeruleus (LC), dorsal raphe (DR), central amygdala (AC), hippocampus (CA1), arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and midbrain central gray. After prior exposure to uncontrollable foot shock, escape latency was reduced by 34% for wheel runners compared with sedentary controls. The shortened escape latency for wheel runners was associated with 61% higher NE concentrations in LC and 44% higher NE concentrations in DR compared with sedentary controls. Sedentary controls, compared with wheel runners, had 31% higher 5-HIAA concentrations in CA1 and 30% higher 5-HIAA concentrations in AC after uncontrollable foot shock and had 28% higher 5-HT and 33% higher 5-HIAA concentrations in AC averaged across both foot shock conditions. There were no group differences in monoamines in the central gray or in plasma prolactin or ACTH concentrations, despite 52% higher DA concentrations in the arcuate nucleus after uncontrollable foot shock and 50% higher DOPAC/DA and 17% higher 5-HIAA/5-HT concentrations in the PVN averaged across both foot shock conditions for sedentary compared with activity wheel animals. The present results extend understanding of the escape-deficit by indicating an attenuating role for circadian physical activity. The altered monoamine levels suggest brain regions for more direct probes of neural activity after wheel running and foot shock. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PSYCHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV S DAKOTA,DEPT BIOL,VERMILLION,SD 57069. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Dishman, RK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT EXERCISE SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-44893] NR 78 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PY 1997 VL 42 IS 5 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1016/S0361-9230(96)00329-2 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WR490 UT WOS:A1997WR49000010 PM 9092882 ER PT J AU Zaloznik, AJ AF Zaloznik, AJ TI Breast cancer stage at diagnosis: Caucasians versus Hispanics SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE hispanics; breast cancer; ethnicity; socioeconomic status ID DELAY; POPULATION; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL; SYMPTOMS; WOMEN AB In the Department of Defense health care system, all women have the same ability to access health care. Thus, there should be no racial differences in stage at diagnosis solely based on ability to seek health care. A retrospective review of breast cancer cases from 1980-1992 was conducted to determine if there were any differences in stage at diagnosis between Caucasian and Hispanic females. Data was available for 6134 Caucasian and 182 Hispanic females. Although not statistically significant, Hispanic females had fewer Stage I (41% versus 53%) and more Stage IIA (37% versus 28%) breast cancers than Caucasian females. Hispanic females had statistically fewer tumors less than or equal to 1 cm (p < 0.001). Caucasian females were older (median age 58 years) at presentation than Hispanic females (median age 51 years). Significantly (p = 0.002) more Hispanic females (44%) were <50 years old compared to Caucasian females (28%). When access to care is not an issue, Hispanic females tended to present at a more advanced stage although this did not reach statistical significance. Hispanic females with breast cancer were significantly younger than Caucasian females. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,ONCOL SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 42 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1023/A:1005760719089 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA WJ071 UT WOS:A1997WJ07100004 PM 9138601 ER PT J AU Drabick, JJ Gambel, JM Huck, E DeYoung, S Hardeman, L AF Drabick, JJ Gambel, JM Huck, E DeYoung, S Hardeman, L TI Microbiological laboratory results from Haiti: June-October 1995 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-DESERT-SHIELD; MILITARY PERSONNEL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RESISTANCE; DISEASE; INFECTIONS; ICEBERG; HEALTH; STORM AB From June to October 1995, the U.S. Army's 86th Combat Support Hospital was deployed in Haiti in support of the United Nations peacekeeping mission. The hospital's mission was to provide comprehensive health care to United Nations military and civilian personnel in Haiti. The hospital's laboratory, with microbiological and parasitological capability, was a critical asset in light of the infectious disease threats in Haiti A total of 356 microbiological (5.4%) and 887 parasitological (13.4%) tests were performed, out of a total of 6628 laboratory tests. One finding was the discovery of antibiotic-resistant urinary isolates of Escherichia coli, These were from community-acquired infections and included strains resistant to ampicillin (6/15), trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (6/15), and ciprofloxacin (8/15). Ampicillin (8/15) and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (3/15) resistance was also noted in Shigella spp. However, no chloroquine-resistant strains of malaria were encountered. Dengue virus, also mosquito borne, was a major pathogen. Antimicrobial-resistant nosocomial pathogens were also encountered. Deployed laboratories should be able to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and perform microbial identification to guide clinical management, conduct medical surveillance, and detect emerging resistance. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. 86TH COMAT SUPPORT HOSP,FT CAMPBELL,KY. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & LAB SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Drabick, JJ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XE445 UT WOS:A1997XE44500003 PM 9185362 ER PT J AU Mahle, JJ AF Mahle, JJ TI A Henry's law limit for the DR and DA equations SO CARBON LA English DT Letter DE activated carbon; adsorption equilibria; porosity ID ADSORPTION-ISOTHERMS; DUBININ-RADUSHKEVICH RP Mahle, JJ (reprint author), USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 432 EP 435 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)89616-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA WN927 UT WOS:A1997WN92700015 ER PT J AU Reucroft, PJ Rivin, D AF Reucroft, PJ Rivin, D TI Gas/vapor flow microcalorimetry on porous carbons .1. Heat of adsorption of toluene on a microporous carbon SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; microcalorimetry; adsorption properties ID CALORIMETRY AB The heat of adsorption of toluene on Maxsorb AW20, a high surface area microporous activated carbon, has been determined by flow microcalorimetry (FMC) at pore fill fractions ranging from 0.5 to 0.95. Consistent determination of the integral molar heat of adsorption requires independent measurement of the equilibrium adsorption isotherm. Molar heats determined from FMC/isotherm data are in qualitative agreement with molar heats obtained from FMC results and the adsorption amount determined with a down stream detector (DSD). Differential heats of adsorption/desorption are in good agreement with the integral heat of adsorption data over the fill fraction range investigated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Reucroft, PJ (reprint author), USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,SOLDIER SYST COMMAND,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1067 EP 1071 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00061-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA XT423 UT WOS:A1997XT42300005 ER PT J AU Fletcher, WP Gilbert, CS Biaglow, AI AF Fletcher, WP Gilbert, CS Biaglow, AI TI Stoichiometric adsorption complexes of boron trichloride and antimony pentafluoride in H-ZSM-5 SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lewis acid; Bronsted acid; zeolite; K-ZSM-5; boron trichloride; antimony pentafluoride; SbF5; BCl3; adsorption; acetone; NMR ID C-13 CHEMICAL-SHIFT; DEALUMINATED FAUJASITES; SOLID ACID; ACETONE; ZEOLITES; NMR; ALKYLATION; CHEMISTRY; CATALYST; PROBE AB This work demonstrates that inorganic metal halide compounds such as BCl3 and SbF5 can be used to prepare adsorption complexes with a stoichiometry of one molecule per Bronsted acid site in the zeolite H-ZSM-5. BCl3-acid site complexes are prepared by saturating the zeolite with BCl3 and then evacuating. The BCl3 complex desorbs above 400 K, and similar to 50% of the BCl3 remains adsorbed at temperatures above 750 K. SbF5-acid site complexes are prepared by saturating the zeolite, evacuating, and heating to 700 K in vacuum. The SbF5 complex is shown to polarize coadsorbed acetone to the same degree as magic acid. The stability of the metal halide complexes is further characterized with adsorption and reaction of propene and ethene to form oligomers. Small amounts (< 10%) of the metal halide desorb during the oligomer desorption experiment. C1 US MIL ACAD,DEPT CHEM,W POINT,NY 10996. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1023/A:1019036517178 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XZ637 UT WOS:A1997XZ63700008 ER PT S AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH BE Sasaki, K Hockwin, O TI Ocular exposure to environmental light and ultraviolet - The impact of lid opening and sky conditions SO CATARACT EPIDEMIOLOGY SE DEVELOPMENTS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Forum on Advanced Techniques in Lens and Cataract Research CY JUN 06-08, 1995 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN ID RADIATION; CATARACT RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,LASER OPT RADIAT PROGRAM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-3751 BN 3-8055-6360-4 J9 DEV OPHTHALMOL PY 1997 VL 27 BP 63 EP 75 PG 13 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BG82S UT WOS:A1997BG82S00011 PM 8969964 ER PT B AU Lanzerotti, MYD Autera, J Borne, L Sharma, J AF Lanzerotti, MYD Autera, J Borne, L Sharma, J BE Regel, LL Wilcox, WR TI Crystal growth of energetic materials during high acceleration SO CENTRIFUGAL MATERIALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Materials Processing at High Gravity - Centrifugal Materials Processing CY JUN 02-07, 1996 CL CLARKSON UNIV, POTSDAM, NY SP Corning Corp, Int Ctr Grav Mat Sci & Applicat HO CLARKSON UNIV AB Studies of the growth of crystals of energetic materials under conditions of high acceleration in an ultracentrifuge are reported. When a saturated solution is accelerated in an ultracentrifuge, the solute molecules move individually through the solvent molecules to form a crystal at the outer edge of the tube if the solute is more dense than the solvent. Since there is no evaporation or temperature variation, convection currents caused by simultaneous movement of solvent and solute are minimized and crystal defects are potentially minimized. Crystal growth is controlled by the g-level of the acceleration. We present results of TNT, RDX, and TNAZ grown at high g from various solutions. Crystals grown at high g were free of solution inclusions and gas bubbles. RP Lanzerotti, MYD (reprint author), USA,ARDEC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45607-9 PY 1997 BP 213 EP 219 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BJ17R UT WOS:A1997BJ17R00022 ER PT J AU Vezzoli, GC Chen, MF Caslavsky, J AF Vezzoli, GC Chen, MF Caslavsky, J TI New high dielectric strength materials: Micro/nanocomposites of suspended Au clusters in SiO2/SiO2-Al2O3-Li2O gels SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB We have materials-designed, synthesized, processed and characterized micro-nanocomposite materials consisting of a suspension of Au clusters in insulating matrices of SiO2 and of SiO2/Al2O3/Li2O, and we have tested this composite for high dielectric strength properties. The material was synthesized by the sol-gel method. The scientific approach to this research employs the percolation-theory expectation that at a critical topology of small metal elongated clusters amidst a ceramic or other insulating matrix, the dielectric constant will reach a peak as a function of some topological-geometric loci. Physical characterization of the material showed that the Au clusters were ellipsoid-like with average major axis of about 800 Angstrom (200 Angstrom minor axis). Chemical characterization suggests strongly that at least some of the Au clusters (particularly the very smallest ones) are positively charged. Dielectric constant measurements up to 10 kHz (over the temperature range of -100 to +100 degrees C) have shown an average dielectric constant of 364-986 in the Au-SiO2/Al2O3/Li2O (produced from eucryptite) and 5000 in the Au-SiO2. The high dielectric constant results from the summation of the dipole moments of the clusters which appear ideally to be truncated octahedrals. Published by Elsevier Science Limited and Techna S.r.l. RP Vezzoli, GC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,CERAM RES BRANCH,WATERTOWN,MA 02172, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 1997 VL 23 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0272-8842(96)00003-X PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WE968 UT WOS:A1997WE96800002 ER PT B AU Rapp, DC Santoro, RJ AF Rapp, DC Santoro, RJ GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI Analysis of soot particle inception in a C2H4/air, coannular, laminar diffusion flame SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rapp, DC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500010 ER PT J AU Park, SH McClain, S Tian, ZR Suib, SL Karwacki, C AF Park, SH McClain, S Tian, ZR Suib, SL Karwacki, C TI Surface and bulk measurements of metals deposited on activated carbon SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; FIBER SURFACES; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; IR SPECTROSCOPY; FT-IR; XPS; OXIDATION; CELLULOSE; OXYGEN; FILMS AB Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning Auger microscopy, elemental analyses, BET surface area, and thermogravimetric analyses have been used to study metals and adsorbed organics on the surface of metal-loaded activated carbon materials. Metals such as copper, zinc, and molybdenum have been deposited on activated carbon via incipient wetness methods. Studies of ground and unground samples show that the organic functional groups such as OH, CH2, CH3, C=O, C-O, C-O-C, and CH are exclusively found on the exterior of the metal loaded samples and not in the bulk. Surface studies show that Cu and Zn deposits are on the surface whereas Mo is deposited throughout the bulk of the Mo-loaded activated carbon systems. Surface data for the Cu system suggest the presence of CuCO3 and Cu(OH)P. The Zn species appears to be Zn2+ on the basis of XPS and SAM data. Mo appears to be oxidized, but a specific oxidation state and the oxidic species are not yet able to be determined. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,INST MAT SCI,DEPT CHEM,STORRS,CT 06269. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CHEM ENGN,STORRS,CT 06269. USA,RTE,SCERD,ERDEC,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RI Tian, Z. Ryan /R-6671-2016 OI Tian, Z. Ryan /0000-0002-5644-8483 NR 47 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1021/cm9602712 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA WC941 UT WOS:A1997WC94100028 ER PT J AU Millhouse, S Gifford, M AF Millhouse, S Gifford, M TI Net results SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 SANFORD COHEN & ASSOCIATES,MCLEAN,VA. RP Millhouse, S (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,ENGN & SUPPORT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 67 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA WA560 UT WOS:A1997WA56000037 ER PT J AU Kovacs, B Szentendrei, T Bednarek, JM Pierson, MC Mountz, JD Vogelgesang, SA Tsokos, GC AF Kovacs, B Szentendrei, T Bednarek, JM Pierson, MC Mountz, JD Vogelgesang, SA Tsokos, GC TI Persistent expression of a soluble form of Fas/APO1 in continuously activated T cells from a patient with SLE SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fas; systemic lupus erythematosus; autoimmunity; T cells ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; APOPTOSIS; LYMPHOCYTES; DEATH AB Objective: To report a patient with SLE whose T cells expressed disproportionally increased amounts of an alternatively spliced form of Fas/APO1 transcript and secreted a soluble form of Fas. Methods: We established continuously activated, short-term T cell lines from 16 patients with SLE and from 6 normal controls. The structure, expression and function of Fas was examined using RT-PCR and sequencing, flow cytometry (surface expression of Fas), ELISA (measurement of soluble Fas) and a PI-based cytotoxicity assay (functional analysis). Results: A soluble form of Fas which originates from an alternatively spliced transcript and lacks the transmembrane domain of the original molecule was the dominant product of the Fas-gene in one line (S18B) derived from a patient with very active SLE. Compared to a control line, the S18B cells displayed decreased surface Fas expression but increased accumulation of Fas inside the cell. The amount of soluble Fas in the culture supematant of S18B was found to be 1.8 times higher than that of a control line. Culture supernatants from S18B cells inhibited anti-Fas mAb-mediated T cell death. Conclusion: Continuously activated T cells from one patient with SLE displayed increased amounts of soluble Fas that inhibits anti-Fas mediated cell death. Although the frequency of this abnormality among patients with SLE and other diseases is unknown, increased production of soluble Fas may have contributed to the pathogenesis of SLE in the patient presented here. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL. VAMC,BIRMINGHAM,AL. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CLINICAL & EXPER RHEUMATOLOGY PI PISA PA VIA SANTA MARIA 31, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 0392-856X J9 CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL JI Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA WK670 UT WOS:A1997WK67000004 PM 9093768 ER PT J AU Mulligan, ME Fellows, DW Mullen, SE AF Mulligan, ME Fellows, DW Mullen, SE TI Pancreatic metastasis from Ewing's sarcoma SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE pancreas; neoplasms; neoplasms; metastases; Ewing's sarcoma AB A 26-year-old man with Ewing's sarcoma of the femur was found to have a solitary visceral metastatic focus in the pancreas. This very unusual occurrence and the topic of metastases to the pancreas in general are discussed. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0899-7071(95)00064-X PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WF300 UT WOS:A1997WF30000005 PM 9117927 ER PT B AU Brendle, BE AF Brendle, BE BE Hopper, DG TI Crewman's Associate: Display requirements for the digitized battlefield SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE crewstation; digitization; displays; human-computer interface; simulation AB Joint Vision 2010 is the conceptual template for how the United States Department of Defense will leverage technological opportunities to achieve new levels of effectiveness in joint warfighting. Battlefield digitization is a key component of this vision. in the Crewman's Associate Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD), crewstations for ground combat vehicles were developed that allow the soldier to use digitization to maximize weapon system performance. Requirements for ground combat vehicle displays that will be used on digitized battlefield can be derived from these crewstations. RP Brendle, BE (reprint author), USA,TANK AUTOMOT & ARMAMENTS COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,VETRON TECHNOL AREA,WARREN,MI 48397, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00017 ER PT J AU Lang, RM Blaisdell, GL DUrso, C Reinemer, G Lesher, M AF Lang, RM Blaisdell, GL DUrso, C Reinemer, G Lesher, M TI Processing snow for high strength roads and runways SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE snow compaction; snow strength; snow road tests; snow sections; snow tillage AB Using a variety of conventional snow processing equipment in deep snow fields in West Yellowstone, Montana, we studied snow processing techniques having the potential for producing high-strength snow roads and runways. The test location and timing were selected to obtain snow properties and winter ambient temperatures as dry and cold as possible, in a convenient location, to simulate conditions in polar regions. Four separate test sites, each with a different treatment, were established using the snow processing equipment. Observations were made for 12 weeks after construction to monitor the snow's hardness (strength) and its temperature distribution. Plane sections were taken at each site on a weekly basis to allow comparison of bond density and strength. We also used image analysis to find which critical microstructural properties correlate best with compressive strength changes. Temperature data were also correlated with strength changes. Test results indicate that a powered tiller with a relatively dense tooth population provided the highest strength snow. This snow was strong enough to easily support contact loads greater than 700 kPa, which could allow the use of conventional aircraft and wheeled vehicles in areas of deep snow. C1 USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. PACIFIC LUTHERAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TACOMA,WA 98447. EVERGREEN STATE COLL,OLYMPIA,WA 98505. LOGAN MFG CO,LOGAN,UT 84321. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(96)00014-6 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA WE255 UT WOS:A1997WE25500002 ER PT J AU Shoop, SA Bigl, SR AF Shoop, SA Bigl, SR TI Moisture migration during freeze and thaw of unsaturated soils: Modeling and large scale experiments SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frozen; Predict; Frost; Heave; Measurement; Hydrology; Potential ID WATER; HEAT AB A coupled heat flow and moisture flow model (FROSTB) was used to simulate large-scale freeze-thaw experiments to assess its ability to predict soil moisture conditions. The experimental data consist of temperature and soil moisture profiles measured during freeze-thaw cycles in a 1-m layer of frost-susceptible silty sand over roughly 2 m of gravelly sand. Two experimental conditions were modeled: (1) where the soil was fairly wet and the water table was shallow (1 m below surface), and (2) where the soil moisture was lower than specific retention and the water table was deep. Overall, the model predicts the frost penetration and heave quite well; however, it tends to overpredict ice formation. The additional ice in the modeled frozen soil then causes a slower thaw. Matching the (total) moisture contents in the drier soils results in underpredicting the heave. The discrepancies stem from the model representation of the physical processes involved in freezing (and frost heave) of unsaturated soil. We propose improvements through using a ''pseudo'' three-phase flow potential and calculating volumetric segregated ice content starting at 90% of saturation. The effects of changing the constants related to hydrologic properties are also discussed. RP Shoop, SA (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(96)00015-8 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA WE255 UT WOS:A1997WE25500003 ER PT S AU Dimoulas, A Tober, R Young, HD Leavitt, R Christou, A AF Dimoulas, A Tober, R Young, HD Leavitt, R Christou, A BE Shur, MS Suris, RA TI Strain-related excitonic in-plane optical anisotropy in (100) InGaAs/InAlAs/InP MQWs SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 23-27, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Govt Russian Federat, Russian Acad Sci, Minist Sci & Tech Policy, Russia, Russian Fdn Basic Res, AIXTRON Semiconductor Technol GmbH, Compound Semiconductor Magazine, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, RESTEC Exhibit Co ID QUANTUM-WELLS AB Strained (x = 0.48) and lattice-matched (x = 0.53) InxGa1-xAs/InAlAs/InP (100) MQWs have been investigated by photoreflectance. In the strained sample the relative intensities of the light-hole and heavy-hole excitcnic transitions is different for the two different polarizations of the incident light parallel and perpendicular to the [0-1-1] direction. This polarization anisotropy is explained in terms of the spontaneous formation of ''quantum wires'' and the presence of anisotropic strain due to spinodal-like phase decomposition of the InGaAs alloy in In-rich and Ga-rich regions. C1 USA, RES LAB, ADELPHI, MD 20783 USA. RP Dimoulas, A (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0452-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 155 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ12N UT WOS:A1997BJ12N00011 ER PT S AU Lucero, DS AF Lucero, DS GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Software measurement in the US Army SO COMPSAC 97 : TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 97) CY AUG 13-15, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc RP Lucero, DS (reprint author), USA,OPERAT TEST & EVALUAT COMMAND,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 0730-3157 BN 0-8186-8106-3 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 1997 BP 589 EP 590 DI 10.1109/CMPSAC.1997.625076 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJ50U UT WOS:A1997BJ50U00109 ER PT J AU Hryciw, RD Raschke, SA Ghalib, AM Horner, DA Peters, JF AF Hryciw, RD Raschke, SA Ghalib, AM Horner, DA Peters, JF TI Video tracking for experimental validation of discrete element simulations of large discontinuous deformations SO COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The discrete element method (DEM) simulates large discontinuous deformations as a natural outcome of discrete particle interactions. The method is well suited for problems such as plowing, penetration and hopper flows. However, verification of DEM simulations has been largely limited to comparisons with laboratory stress-strain diagrams of two dimensional simulations of at most a few thousand ideally-shaped particles. This paper presents an automated video tracking and digital image analysis system that has been developed to obtain soil particle displacement fields and velocities fr am small-scale laboratory experiments. A three-dimensional simulation of a laboratory plowing experiment is performed in which a one-to-one correspondence is achieved between the number of particles and their size distribution in simulation and physical experiment. The data obtained from the video tracking system are used to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative ability of the simulation to model the experiment kinematics. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. RP Hryciw, RD (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0266-352X J9 COMPUT GEOTECH JI Comput. Geotech. PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 235 EP & DI 10.1016/S0266-352X(97)00014-1 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Geology GA YD932 UT WOS:A1997YD93200004 ER PT S AU Ducey, R Chapman, R Edwards, S AF Ducey, R Chapman, R Edwards, S GP IEEE TI The US Army Yuma Proving Ground 900-kVA Photovoltaic Power Station SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY SIXTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 1997 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB In the early spring of 1997, a 900-kVA, utility-tied photovoltaic power station was installed at the U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), in the southwest corner of Arizona (see Fig. 1). The system will be used to offset peak demand and serve as an emergency power system for YPG's water treatment plant. The power station includes 450-kWp of Siemens M-55 modules, 5600-kWh of C&D motive power batteries (see Fig. 2), and a 900-kVA power processing (see Pig. 3) and control system from Trace Technologies. Enhanced by the battery load leveling system, the power station has the capacity to reliably provide from 450- up to 825-kVA to YPG's utility grid during the summer peak demand season. The YPG system has three basic operating modes: (1) daytime utility-tied, (2) nighttime utility-tied, and (3) stand-alone. The amount of power delivered to the grid is governed by either available power from the PV array or by a power level defined by the user, whichever is greater. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Ducey, R (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-3767-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 1997 BP 1261 EP 1264 DI 10.1109/PVSC.1997.654317 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BK48M UT WOS:000072313700301 ER PT B AU Pepi, M Champagne, V Grendahl, S Bhansali, K AF Pepi, M Champagne, V Grendahl, S Bhansali, K BE Pusey, HC Pusey, SC TI Investigation of main rotor spindle assembly retaining rods for an army utility helicopter fabricated by three different contractors SO CRITICAL LINK: DIAGNOSIS TO PROGNOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 51st Meeting of the SMFPT / 12th Biennial Conference on Reliability, Stress Analysis and Failure Prevention (RSAFP Committe of ASME) CY APR 14-18, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Soc Machinery Failure Prevent Technol, ASME, RSAFP Comm DE failure analysis; heat treatment; mechanical testing; PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel AB The US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) was tasked by the US Army Aviation and Troop Command (ATCOM) to perform a metallurgical examination of main rotor spindle assembly retaining rods fabricated from precipitation hardened (PH) 13-8 Mo stainless steel by three different manufacturers ("A", "B" and "C"). These components were subjected to prior spectrum load fatigue testing in order to qualify an alternate source. Manufacturer "A" was the current source, and this testing was performed to compare the results of "B" and "C" versus "A". The "C" components exhibited only half the fatigue resistance of the "A" and "B" components. Upon dimensional examination by ARL, it was determined that the root radius of an "A" and "C" rod did not conform to the governing requirements. Although the surface roughness of the parts from each manufacturer varied, all readings met the governing requirement. Hardness results differed only slightly between the rods, however, the tensile properties (of coupons sectioned from the original rods) were significantly different. Nevertheless, the hardness and tensile results met the minimum requirements specified. The results of fatigue testing (of coupons sectioned from the original rods) showed a dramatic difference between the rods. Metallography was utilized to examine the microstructure and grain size. The structure of each rod was consistent with the prior treatment, and the grain size met the governing requirement. The amount of delta (free) ferrite within the structure varied slightly from rod to rod, but was well within the specified limits. Banding was more prevalent within the "C" material than the "A" and "B" material. The threads of each rod were examined metallographically, since this was the area of failure as a result of the spectrum load fatigue testing. Although differences in the surface profile of the threads from the different manufacturers was noted, there was no evidence of gross abnormalities such as tear out or chatter. The chemical analysis of each rod varied, but each composition met the governing requirements. ARL subsequently heat treated a section from the "A" rod and a section of the "C" (the material from these two manufacturers showed the greatest disparity in ARL fatigue results) and machined mechanical test specimens (tensile and fatigue). This heat treatment included a solution heat treatment at 1700 degrees F for 1 hour plus an aging cycle performed at 1050 degrees F for 4 hours. These specimens yielded very similar hardness, mechanical property and fatigue resistance results. The hardness and mechanical properties of the "A" material actually had been slightly reduced, while the same attributes of the "C" material had risen considerably. It was determined that even though the hardness and tensile properties of the "C" material had met the minimum requirements of the governing specification, the values were not "typical" of PH 13-8 Mo steel aged at 1050 degrees F. Based upon the results of re-heat treating it was concluded that an inadequate prior heat treatment sequence was performed by the manufacturer. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pepi, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,WD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY MACHINERY FAILURE PREVENTION TECHNOLOGY PI HAYMARKET PA 4193 SUDLEY RD, HAYMARKET, VA 20169-2420 USA PY 1997 BP 19 EP 31 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BK29G UT WOS:000071682900003 ER PT B AU Champagne, V Grendahl, S Pepi, M Bhansali, K Liu, G AF Champagne, V Grendahl, S Pepi, M Bhansali, K Liu, G BE Pusey, HC Pusey, SC TI Effect of intergranular surface attack on the fatigue properties of AM355 material SO CRITICAL LINK: DIAGNOSIS TO PROGNOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 51st Meeting of the SMFPT / 12th Biennial Conference on Reliability, Stress Analysis and Failure Prevention (RSAFP Committe of ASME) CY APR 14-18, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Soc Machinery Failure Prevent Technol, ASME, RSAFP Comm DE failure analysis; AM355; fatigue; stainless steel AB A critical night safety component from an Army attack helicopter failed catastrophically in service. The part was fabricated from AM355 material which is a semiaustenitic precipitation hardenable stainless steel. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Aviation and Troop Command performed an in-depth metallurgical analysis of the broken component which revealed that the premature failure was attributable to fatigue. A multitide of fatigue cracks initiated as a result of crevice corrosion which was aggravated by fretting. Further analysis of material taken from various stages of processing revealed an intergranular surface attack which was determined to be caused from acid pickling during primary processing. The intergranular attack was sufficiently deep to entrap hard particles of silicon carbide (SiC). The particles of SiC were remnant from a sanding operation conducted on the surface of the parts. It was hypothesized that the surface intergranular attack may have led to premature crack initiation because of several factors; the breakdown of the protective passive layer, the stress concentration effect of the attack and the abrasive action of the trapped SiC particles within the intergranular surface attack. A study was subsequently conducted to quantify the effects of varying degrees of surface intergranular attack on the fatigue properties of the material. Fatigue specimens were machined from actual components taken from inventroy and from fielded components. The specimens were examined for evidence of intergranular surface attack utilizing light optical microscopy and seperated into four groups which described the degree of severity of attack based on appearance and depth measurement; none, light, moderate, and heavy. Fatigue test data showed a direct relationship between the number of cycles to failure and the severity of the surface intergranular attack. The specimens containing heavy or severe attack had fewer cycles to failure than the remaining specimens. This trend was observed throughout the entire study. Recommendations were made to control the amount of surface intergranular attack or to remove it altogether mechanically or by electrpolishing. C1 USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Champagne, V (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETY MACHINERY FAILURE PREVENTION TECHNOLOGY PI HAYMARKET PA 4193 SUDLEY RD, HAYMARKET, VA 20169-2420 USA PY 1997 BP 53 EP 66 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BK29G UT WOS:000071682900006 ER PT B AU Dunmire, H Shaffer, J AF Dunmire, H Shaffer, J BE Ross, RG TI The DOD family of linear drive coolers for weapon systems SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB The critical module of all second generation thermal imaging systems is the Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA). To meet the requirements of advanced Infrared (IR) Imaging systems of the 1990s and beyond the Department of Defense (DOD) has established a family concept for the SADAs. The family concept for second generation systems consists of the SADA I, SADA II, a!ld SADA III, The SADA family addresses the needs of high performance systems (Comanche), high/medium performance systems (Horizontal Technology Integration (HTI) Second Generation Imaging Systems and the Improved Target Acquisition System (ITAS)) and compact class systems (Javelin). A SADA consists of the Focal Plane Array (FPA), dewar, Command St Control Electronics (C&CE), and the cryogenic cooler. In support of the SADA family DOD has also defined a family of linear coolers. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the family of linear drive coolers that address the requirements of the SADA family and first generation applications. The linear drive cooler maintains the FPA al the desired operating temperature. The coolers are highly reliable, have low input power, a quick cooldown time, have low audible noise & vibration output, and are nuclear hardened. This paper will (1) outline the family of coolers that the Department of Defense has standardized oil, (2) highlight the characteristics of each cooler, (3) present the status of the various developmental & qualification efforts, (4) discuss the various;second generation users and first generation systems, and (5) cover application and integration. RP Dunmire, H (reprint author), USA,COMMUN & ELECT COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,NIGHT VIS & ELECT SENSORS DIRECTORATE,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00003 ER PT J AU Pattanapanyasat, K Thaithong, S Kyle, DE Udomsangpetch, R Yongvanitchit, K Hider, RC Webster, HK AF Pattanapanyasat, K Thaithong, S Kyle, DE Udomsangpetch, R Yongvanitchit, K Hider, RC Webster, HK TI Flow cytometric assessment of hydroxypyridinone iron chelators on in vitro growth of drug-resistant malaria SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE DNA; drug susceptibility testing; iron chelators; Plasmodium falciparum; propidium iodide ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM INVITRO; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEFEROXAMINE; THAILAND; DESFERRIOXAMINE; SENSITIVITY; INHIBITION; DNA AB The resurgence of drug-resistant malaria makes urgent the evaluation of new antimalarial agents. This study describes a flow cytometric method (FCM) for testing in vitro drug susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to several orally active hydroxypyridinone (CP) iron chelators and to the parenteral iron chelator desferrioxamine (DF). After exposure of parasites to various concentrations of iron chelating agents, aliquots of cultures were fixed with glutaraldehyde. The fixed samples were washed and stained for parasite DNA with propidium iodide and analyzed by how cytometry, The remaining cells were pulsed with H-3-hypoxanthine, using the microdilution radioisotope method. Both CP and DF showed dose-dependent inhibition of parasite growth. Of the compounds studied, DF exerted a stronger inhibitory effect. Fifty percent of inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of CP and DF determined by DNA fluorescence profiles in the now cytometer were consistent with those obtained from the radioisotope method and by microscopic examination, Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of drug required to inhibit parasite growth, as detected by the decreasing DNA fluorescence intensity of the schizont, correlated with observed abnormal microscopic morphology, The validity of the MIG, as indicated by deceased fluorescence intensity, was confirmed by subsequent parasite culture. Our FCM study demonstrated the sensitivity of both chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant malaria parasites to iron chelators, Addition of equimolar concentrations of ferric ion completely abolished the inhibitory effect of fron chelators, indicating the importance of iron for parasite growth and the primary effect of the compounds as iron (III) chelating agents. These data demonstrate that FCM provides a simple and reliable means for antimalarial drug susceptibility testing, and suggest that iron chelators have potential for the treatment of drug-resistant malaria. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,THALASSEMIA CTR,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. CHULALONGKORN UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT BIOL,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT PATHOBIOL,MAHIDOL,THAILAND. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ANTIPARASIT DRUG DISCOVERY,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,DEPT PHARM,LONDON WC2R 2LS,ENGLAND. DEPT MED,BECTON DICKINSON,SINGAPORE. RP Pattanapanyasat, K (reprint author), MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC MED,OFF RES & DEV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19970101)27:1<84::AID-CYTO11>3.0.CO;2-O PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA WA951 UT WOS:A1997WA95100011 PM 9000589 ER PT B AU Seiders, RP AF Seiders, RP BE Dundervill, RF Gerity, PF Hyder, AK Luessen, LH TI Civilian applicability of projects funded by the US Army Research Office SO DEFENSE CONVERSION STRATEGIES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Defense Conversion Strategies CY JUL 02-14, 1995 CL PITLOCHRY, SCOTLAND SP NATO Sci Comm AB A survey has been made of all active projects at the Army Research Office)(ARO)for the calendar year 1994. The database of projects was searched to find all those that were judged to have high potential for civilian applicability. It was found that of 919 total projects, 537 or 58.4% were included in this category. Furthermore, 180 (19.6%) were judged to have low potential, and only 200 (21.8%) were considered to have no potential for civilian applicability. Several high potential projects from the Chemical and biological Sciences Division are given as examples. C1 USA,RES OFF,ORGAN CHEM CHEM & BIOL SCI DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4364-6 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 9 BP 511 EP 514 PG 4 WC Public Administration; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public Administration; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BJ30D UT WOS:A1997BJ30D00036 ER PT B AU Pryor, JD AF Pryor, JD BE Dundervill, RF Gerity, PF Hyder, AK Luessen, LH TI Setting up successful strategic alliances SO DEFENSE CONVERSION STRATEGIES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Defense Conversion Strategies CY JUL 02-14, 1995 CL PITLOCHRY, SCOTLAND SP NATO Sci Comm C1 USA,SPACE & STRATEG DEF COMMAND,ADV TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,CDDS,AT C,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4364-6 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 9 BP 523 EP 539 PG 17 WC Public Administration; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public Administration; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BJ30D UT WOS:A1997BJ30D00039 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Skelton, HG Nelson, A Wagner, KF Hackley, BE AF Smith, KJ Skelton, HG Nelson, A Wagner, KF Hackley, BE TI Preservation of allergic contact dermatitis to poison ivy (Urushiol) in late HIV disease - The implications and relevance to immunotherapy with contact allergens SO DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Urushiol; HIV disease; immunotherapy; allergic contact dermatitis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED PATIENTS; TOPICAL DINITROCHLOROBENZENE; LANGERHANS CELLS; CYTOKINES; AIDS; DNCB AB Background: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DTH) are lost with progression of HIV disease, This loss of DTH commonly occurs before the onset of opportunistic infections and is an independent predictor of disease progression, Objective: We wanted to determine whether patients in late HIV disease with a history of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to poison ivy continue to react to poison ivy, Methods: Twelve HIV+ patients with a past history of ACD to poison ivy were tested with an extract prepared from poison ivy leaves, All but 1 patient had CD4+ T cell counts <200/mu l, and 5 patients had had an opportunistic infection. Results: All 12 patients showed positive reactions ranging from mild erythema and infiltration to marked erythema with bulla formation, Conclusions: ACD is considered a variant of DTH, and as DTH results in a T helper 1 cytokine pattern. However, the antigen-specific effector cells in ACD may be more diverse than in DTH. This diversity could explain the continued reaction to some contact allergens in late disease and may be important in the use of contact allergens for immunotherapy. C1 USA, MED RES INST CHEM DEF, ABERDEEN, MD USA. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20306 USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT DERMATOL, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-8665 J9 DERMATOLOGY JI Dermatology PY 1997 VL 195 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XU477 UT WOS:A1997XU47700010 PM 9310722 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Skelton, HG Yeager, J Lee, RB Wagner, KF AF Smith, KJ Skelton, HG Yeager, J Lee, RB Wagner, KF TI Pruritus in HIV-1 disease: Therapy with drugs which may modulate the pattern of immune dysregulation SO DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pruritus; antihistamines; antiprostaglandin; phosphodiesterase inhibitor ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; AIDS; PENTOXIFYLLINE; CELLS; CAMP; ACTIVATION; INHIBITION; MONOCYTES; COMPLEX AB Background: Pruritus in HIV-1+ patients is common and increases with disease progression. The causes of pruritus are numerous including xerosis, drug and photoeruptions, follicular and papular eruptions as well as infestations and infections by a wide range of organisms, One other possible factor contributing to pruritus is the pattern of immune dysregulation. With advancing HIV-1 disease there is Th1 to Th2 cytokine switching. Methods: After some positive results with prostaglandin inhibitors, we undertook a study in which we randomly placed patients on four different forms of therapy for their pruritus. The therapies included hydroxyzine with or without doxepin at night, pentoxifylline, indomethacin and topical moisturization with medium-strength topical steroids. All patients were evaluated for both subjective relief as well as side effects. Results: Patients placed on indomethacin obtained relief more consistently and more completely. Patients on pentoxifylline had the fewest side effects of all oral therapies, Patients on antihistamines with or without doxepin had the highest incidence of side effects, although more of these patients reported a greater degree of relief than patients on pentoxifylline. All patients on oral therapy overall had greater relief than patients using topical steroids, Conclusion: The systemic therapies which may modulate the pattern of immune dysregulation seen in HIV-1 disease may be beneficial in the pruritus seen in late-stage patients. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. Lab Corp Amer, Herdon, VA USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-8665 J9 DERMATOLOGY JI Dermatology PY 1997 VL 195 IS 4 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YT133 UT WOS:000071567900011 PM 9529556 ER PT J AU Meffert, JJ Peake, MF Wilde, JL AF Meffert, JJ Peake, MF Wilde, JL TI 'Dimpling' is not unique to dermatofibromas SO DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dermatofibroma; dimpling; physical signs; benign neoplasms; dermatoscopy; melanoma AB The dimpling of the skin with lateral compression or 'Fitzpatrick's sign' is considered by many to be pathognomonic for dermatofibromas (DFs). Despite the description of this sign in all major textbooks, not all DFs dimple and all that dimple are not DFs, Other diagnostic investigations such as the use of dermatoscopy may help to confirm the clinical suspicion of DF. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Reynolds Army Community Hosp, Ft Sill, OK USA. RP Meffert, JJ (reprint author), 19626 Encino Knoll, San Antonio, TX 78259 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-8665 J9 DERMATOLOGY JI Dermatology PY 1997 VL 195 IS 4 BP 384 EP 386 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YT133 UT WOS:000071567900018 PM 9529563 ER PT S AU Lickteig, CW AF Lickteig, CW BE Salvendy, G Smith, MJ Koubek, RJ TI Soldier-computer interactions and armor battalion performance SO DESIGN OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS: COGNITIVE CONSIDERATIONS SE ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS / ERGONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 97) CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Chinese Acad Sci, EEC, European Strateg Programme Res & Dev Informat Technol, ESPRIT, Human Factors & Ergon Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Japan Ergon Soc, Japan Management Assoc C1 USA, Res Inst, Armored Forces Res Unit, Ft Knox, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2647 BN 0-444-82183-X J9 ADV HUM FACT ERGON PY 1997 VL 21 BP 813 EP 816 PN A PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BK42Z UT WOS:000072153000200 ER PT S AU Lockett, JF AF Lockett, JF BE Smith, MJ Salvendy, G Koubek, RJ TI Task network modeling of human workload coping strategies SO DESIGN OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS: SOCIAL AND ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS SE ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS / ERGONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 97) CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Chinese Acad Sci, EEC, European Strateg Programme Res & Dev Informat Technol, ESPRIT, Human Factors & Ergon Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Japan Ergon Soc, Japan Management Assoc AB Models designed to predict human performance should account for changes in task execution attributable to human response to workload. This paper documents the use of a workload modeling tool called WinCrew, simulator trial data, and extensive rules for resolving dual task conflict to develop WinCrew inputs for modeling workload coping strategies. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, AMSRL HR MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2647 BN 0-444-82183-X J9 ADV HUM FACT ERGON PY 1997 VL 21 BP 71 EP 74 PN B PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BK43A UT WOS:000072153100018 ER PT S AU Singer, MJ Witmer, BG AF Singer, MJ Witmer, BG BE Smith, MJ Salvendy, G Koubek, RJ TI Presence: Where are we now SO DESIGN OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS: SOCIAL AND ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS SE ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS / ERGONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 97) CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Chinese Acad Sci, EEC, European Strateg Programme Res & Dev Informat Technol, ESPRIT, Human Factors & Ergon Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Japan Ergon Soc, Japan Management Assoc AB The efficacy of virtual environments (VE) has often been linked to the sense of presence reported by users. To test this premise, a reliable and valid measure of presence must be developed. That measure may be used to discover the relationship between presence and performance, or other measures. Presence is the subjective experience of being in a place or environment. It is a perceptual flow requiring directed attention and is based in the interaction of sensory stimulation, environmental factors, and internal tendencies. We developed a Presence Questionnaire (PQ) for measuring presence in virtual environments, and an Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ) measuring the degree of attention to or involvement in activities. Our research indicates that the PQ and ITQ are internally consistent measures with high reliability, there is a weak but consistent positive relation between presence and VE task performance, immersive tendencies are related to presence, and greater simulator sickness is related to less presence. Our investigations suggest that presence, as measured by the PQ, is a valid construct. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2647 BN 0-444-82183-X J9 ADV HUM FACT ERGON PY 1997 VL 21 BP 885 EP 888 PN B PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BK43A UT WOS:000072153100216 ER PT B AU Stanfield, RW AF Stanfield, RW BE Dubey, AC Barnard, RL TI The mine hunter/killer SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets II CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE mine hunter/killer; stand-off mine detection; stand-off mine neutralization AB The term ''mine hunter/killer'' has frequently served as a catch-all for almost any discussion of the integration of mine detection and neutralization technology. With the Army's recent approval of the Mine Hunter/Killer Advanced Technology Demonstration, the term now takes on a specific set of challenges and goals. In this paper, the author discusses the developing operational and functional requirements for the Mine Hunter/Killer, the mine types considered as targets for the system, and the implications of these factors for detection systems and neutralizers alike. The issue of ''stand-off'' is explored with an emphasis on the trade-offs thai must be made between it and overall system effectiveness. The author further discusses recent developments in both detection and neutralization technology that make the notion of a stand-off mine detection and neutralization system more realistic. This discussion includes a summary of forward looking radar, forward looking infrared sensors, and advanced signal processing architectures and algorithms. However, it focuses on standoff neutralization technology and fire control techniques, their stand-off and area kill capabilities, and the synergism between them and the detection suites. Recent neutralizer test results are provided as a basis for considering the requirements of stand-off mine detection systems for probability of detection, detection halo, and false alarm rate. The author concludes with a review of the mainstream Mine Hunter/Killer concept. RP Stanfield, RW (reprint author), USA,CECOM,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,NIGHT VIS & ELECT SENSORS DIRECTORATE,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2494-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3079 BP 420 EP 431 DI 10.1117/12.280867 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ34X UT WOS:A1997BJ34X00037 ER PT B AU Marquet, LC Ratches, JA AF Marquet, LC Ratches, JA BE Suresh, R TI Sensor systems for the digital battlefield SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digitization of the Battlefield II CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE sensors; digital battlefield; image transmission AB The concept of the U.S. Army's Digital Battlefield is presented. Also, newly proposed concepts for leading edge strike forces that are needed to cope with modern conflicts are described. The implications on sensors due to these new concepts are discussed, especially in light of new, unique applications, such as the individual soldier system, combat identification and military operations in urban terrain. The special consideration of image transmission from sensor to shooter or commander is addressed. Sensor trade-offs for the digital battlefield are being made and prototype sensor system demonstrators are being fabricated for testing and operational evaluation. RP Marquet, LC (reprint author), USA,COMMUN & ELECT COMMAND,NIGHT VIS & ELECT SENSORS DIRECTORATE,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2495-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3080 BP 6 EP 15 DI 10.1117/12.277168 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ16S UT WOS:A1997BJ16S00002 ER PT B AU Brendle, BE AF Brendle, BE BE Suresh, R TI Crewman's associate: Interfacing to the digitized battlefield SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digitization of the Battlefield II CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE crewstation; digitization; human-computer interface; simulation AB Joint Vision 2010 is the conceptual template for how the United States Department of Defense will leverage technological opportunities to achieve new levels of effectiveness in joint warfighting. Battlefield digitization is a key component of this vision. In the Crewman's Associate Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD), crew stations for ground combat vehicles were developed that allow the soldier to use digitization to maximize weapon system performance. RP Brendle, BE (reprint author), USA,TANK AUTOMAT & ARMAMENTS COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,WARREN,MI 48397, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2495-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3080 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ16S UT WOS:A1997BJ16S00020 ER PT J AU Bamberger, PK Otchy, DP AF Bamberger, PK Otchy, DP TI Ileoanal pouch in the active duty population - Effect on military career SO DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM LA English DT Article DE ileal pouch-anal anastomosis; ulcerative colitis; quality of life; familial polyposis ID CHRONIC ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ANAL ANASTOMOSIS; RESTORATIVE PROCTOCOLECTOMY; INDETERMINATE COLITIS; BROOKE ILEOSTOMY; ILEAL; COMPLICATIONS; POLYPOSIS; RESERVOIR AB Patients undergoing proctocolectomy with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) are reported to have an improvement in lifestyle and are able to return to their previous occupation. We questioned whether this was also true of active duty military personnel who require this operation. The rigors of military service are unlike that of most civilian occupations. Soldiers must maintain a physical fitness regimen and remain eligible to deploy overseas. We reviewed our experience with IPAA to determine whether our active duty patients could return to full duty. METHODS: The charts of all patients undergoing IPAA since October 1990 were reviewed, and each patient was interviewed by telephone to elicit late complications not noted in their medical records and to inquire about their present bowel function. Patients were classified as active duty or nonactive duty. Active duty patients were queried as to whether they have remained on active duty, have required a permanent profile, have been promoted, or have been deployed overseas. If a military medical evaluation board had determined whether they were fit for duty, the findings of the board were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients underwent an IPAA; 15 were active duty. Mean follow-up was 24 months. Indication for IPAA was ulcerative colitis in 76 percent of patients and familial adenomatous polyposis in 24 percent. J-Pouch was created in 88 percent of patients. Mean bowel movement frequency was seven per day, and 84 percent could defer a bowel movement for more than one hour. Leakage requiring a pad was reported by three patients (9 percent). Seven of 15 active duty patients (47 percent) remained on active duty, and 3 have been promoted. Of the eight patients who were evaluated by a medical evaluation board and were retired, only four were found unfit because of poor bowel function. Therefore, if it were not for other physical limitations, 11 of 15 (73 percent) active duty patients could have continued to serve. CONCLUSIONS: Barring other disqualifying illnesses, active duty soldiers can anticipate continuation of their military career following IPAA. Active duty soldiers, if motivated, can excel and maintain their status in the military. RP Bamberger, PK (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0012-3706 J9 DIS COLON RECTUM JI Dis. Colon Rectum PD JAN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA WB900 UT WOS:A1997WB90000014 PM 9102263 ER PT B AU Palermo, MR Wilson, JR AF Palermo, MR Wilson, JR BE Meegoda, JN Wakeman, TH Arulmoli, AK Librizzi, WJ TI Dredging state of the practice: Corps of engineers perspective SO DREDGING AND MANAGEMENT OF DREDGED MATERIAL SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Dredging and Management of Dredged Material Session, at GeoLogan 97 Conference CY JUL 16-18, 1997 CL LOGAN, UT SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Soil Properties Comm Geo Inst AB Approximately 400 million cubic yards of sediment must be dredged from waterways and ports each year to improve and maintain the nation's navigation system. Alternatives for the disposal of dredged material from these projects must be carefully evaluated from the standpoint of economics, technical feasibility, and environmental acceptability. Until the 1970s, dredging state of the practice focused on efficiency of the dredging operation and production capacity, with an emphasis on economics. With the passage of major environmental legislation in the early 1970s, the state of the practice;has evolved to include a broad range of environmental considerations, and the emphasis has shifted to a balance of economics and the environment. The presence of contaminated sediments in some harbors and channels is an especially significant problem. This paper provides a broad overview of the national dredging program, focusing on the technical state of the practice from the perspective of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Palermo, MR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0254-X J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1997 IS 65 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BM48A UT WOS:000078861900001 ER PT J AU Anderson, DR Harris, LW Chang, FCT Baze, WB Capacio, BR Byers, SL Lennox, WJ AF Anderson, DR Harris, LW Chang, FCT Baze, WB Capacio, BR Byers, SL Lennox, WJ TI Antagonism of soman-induced convulsions by midazolam, diazepam and scopolamine SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SEIZURE ACTIVITY; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; GUINEA-PIGS; BRAIN; EFFICACY; ATROPINE; PATHOLOGY; RATS; ACETYLCHOLINE; PRETREATMENT AB The effects of midazolam (MDZ), diazepam (DZ) and scopolamine (SCP) therapies on soman-induced electrocorticogram (ECoG) and biceps femoris electromyogram (EMG) activities and brain lesions were assessed in male rats. Animals received pyridostigmine (26 mu g/kg, im) 30 min before soman (87.1 mu g/kg, im) followed by therapy consisting of atropine (1.5 mg/kg) admired with 2-PAM (25 mg/kg, im) I min later; MDZ (0.5 mg/kg), DZ (1.77 mg/kg) or SCP (0.43 mg/kg) was administered im at 1 min after the onset of convulsions (CVs). Typically, within 5 min after soman the ECoG profile changed to a full-blown, spike-and-dome epileptiform (SDE) pattern followed by CVs and increased amplitude of EMG activity. Treatment with SCP restored ECoG and EMG profiles by 30 min. At 2 hr after exposure only 1 animal demonstrated a slight abnormality in ECoG activity which was normal at 24 hr. Similarly, DZ and MDZ restored EcoG and EMG profiles by 30 min; however, in contrast to SCP, 83% of the animals demonstrated reappearance of SDE 2 hrs after soman. SCP therapy also enabled rats to move about in their cages by 30 min post treatment.; In contrast, DZ- and MDZ treated rats remained incapacitated as late as 2 hr post-exposure. Animals were euthanized at 24 hr, and the extent of soman-induced brain lesions was determined by light microscopic analysis. When present, brain lesions were minimal in SCP-treated rats. The mean brain lesion scores across all experimental conditions ranked as follows: soman control > MDZ > DZ greater than or equal to SCP = saline control. These observations suggest that SCP may be highly effective in severe soman intoxication. C1 USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,DIV PATHOPHYSIOL,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Anderson, DR (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,DIV PHARMACOL,3100 RICKETTS POINT RD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 115 EP 131 DI 10.3109/01480549709003874 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XV518 UT WOS:A1997XV51800001 PM 9292273 ER PT J AU Capacio, BR Chang, FCT Spriggs, D Byers, CE Matthews, RL Benton, BJ AF Capacio, BR Chang, FCT Spriggs, D Byers, CE Matthews, RL Benton, BJ TI Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 4-aminopyridine in awake guinea pigs SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; AMINOPYRIDINES AB The selective blockade of potassium channels on excitable membranes by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) leads to facilitation of neurotransmitter release at a wide variety of synapses. This compound has been shown to be efficacious against lethality induced by saxitoxin (STX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) in guinea pigs. To characterize the actions of 4-AP in guinea pigs we have investigated its pharmacokinetics CPK) and pharmacodynamics following a 2 mg/kg, intramuscular (im) dose in awake chronically instrumented (IN) animals. Animals were chronically instrumented for electrophysiologic recordings of diaphragmatic electromyogram (DEMG), lead II electrocardiogram (ECG(II)) and electrocorticogram (ECoG). Also, PK studies were carried out in uninstrumented (UN) guinea pigs. Blood and electrophysiologic data were collected at predetermined time intervals up to 4 hours post 4-AP administration. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine plasma 4-AP concentrations. For IN and UN animals, plasma concentration-time data best fit a one-compartment model, and PK parameter estimates were similar for both groups. Peak plasma levels were found to occur between 16 and 17 min, and the half-lives of elimination were 65 and 71 min for IN and UN animals respectively. Heart and respiratory rates were elevated as early as 5 and 15 min respectively in response to 4-AP administration. The duration of action was approximately 1 - 1.5 half-lives of elimination beyond peak plasma levels. Maximum ECoG responses were observed between 12 - 15 min after 4-AP injection; some residual drug effects were still apparent at 240 min. The difference between the heart and respiratory rates and ECoG profiles suggests that these different physiological systems respond with varying degrees of sensitivity to plasma 4-AP concentrations. The stimulation of these systems is consistent with the action of 4-AP in reversing STX- and TTX-induced cardiorespiratory depression and decreased ECoG power in guinea pigs. RP USA, MED RES INST CHEM DEF, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0148-0545 EI 1525-6014 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 151 EP 172 DI 10.3109/01480549709003876 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XV518 UT WOS:A1997XV51800003 PM 9292275 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Kuhlmann, KJ Cline, JM Larcom, BJ Peterson, RD Courson, DL AF Lipscomb, JC Kuhlmann, KJ Cline, JM Larcom, BJ Peterson, RD Courson, DL TI Combustion products from advanced composite materials SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA AB Recent advances in armament and materials applications are beginning to outpace the development of adequate safety characterizations. To avoid unnecessary and restrictive regulations implemented to protect individuals from potential toxic consequences resulting from exposure to combustion products of advanced composite materials (ACM); this laboratory has begun an investigation of combustion characteristics. In this preliminary investigation we have assessed the production of particulate matter and the production of organic compounds contained in both the combustion vapor phase or associated with the particulate matter. The results of these investigations have revealed that a substantial fraction of the particulates appear to be in the respirable range and that a high number of organic compounds and potential toxicants are associated with particulate matter. These findings are the first to describe the production of potentially toxic atmospheres from the combustion of advanced composite materials and indicate the usefulness of further investigations to quantify the risk of exposure to humans. These and forthcoming data will be useful in determining proper protective equipment and precautions required to protect human health during exposures to products from the combustion of advanced composite materials. C1 Armstrong Lab, Div Toxicol, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Environm Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, Div Toxicol, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, OL-AL HSC-OET 2856 G St,Bldg 79, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.3109/01480549709003886 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300004 PM 9433657 ER PT J AU Whaley, JE Porter, RC AF Whaley, JE Porter, RC TI Overview of DOD activities in ecological risk assessment SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA AB Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, Congress has mandated that all designated hazardous waste sites will be remediated to protect human health and the environment. This law is the driving force behind the Department of Defense (DOD) ecological risk assessment (ERA) program. Ecological risk assessments are currently underway at many DOD sites with budgets ranging from five thousand to ten million dollars. However, with the advent of downsizing government and shrinking funds, efforts are being made within DOD to better refine these assessments. Two DOD work groups function to develop guidance for and assist project managers with the ERA process. These groups are the Army Biological Technical Assistance Group chaired by the Army Environmental Center and the Tri-Service Ecological Risk Assessment Work Group (ERWG) chartered by the Tri-Service Environmental Support Centers Coordinating Committee. Membership in the Tri-Service ERWG includes all facets of DOD. In the research arena, the Fate & Effects Research and Development Program is one of four primary thrust areas under the Army's Environmental Quality Technology Program "Clean Up" pillar. This program is currently being executed by three laboratories, the Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, the Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, and the Army Center for Environmental Health Research (Provisional), Ft. Detrick, MD. The goal of this program is to provide tools to improve environmental risk assessments, both human and ecological. The research is geared toward addressing user requirements and is defined by the Fate and Effects Research Program. C1 USA, Hlth Effects Res Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Whaley, JE (reprint author), USA, Hlth Effects Res Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.3109/01480549709003888 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300006 PM 9433659 ER PT J AU Mcdevitt, WM AF Mcdevitt, WM TI The Army Health Hazard Assessment (HHA) Program - An overview of the HHA process relative to materiel acquisition SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Mcdevitt, WM (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 419 EP 421 DI 10.3109/01480549709003898 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300016 PM 9433669 ER PT J AU Macko, JA AF Macko, JA TI Toxicology in the army acquisition pollution prevention program SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA C1 Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Mat Command, Acquisit Pollut Prevent Support Off, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Macko, JA (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 423 EP 425 DI 10.3109/01480549709003899 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300017 PM 9433670 ER PT B AU Davis, RE Woodcock, C Hardy, JP Ni, W Jordan, R McKenzie, JC AF Davis, RE Woodcock, C Hardy, JP Ni, W Jordan, R McKenzie, JC BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI Spatially-distributed modeling of snow in the boreal forest a simple approach SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab ID ENERGY-BALANCE; RUNOFF MODEL; CANOPY; VEGETATION; BUDGET AB Simulations using physics-based, coupled canopy-snow models provided the basis for developing simple regression models of net energy transfer to snow cover in the boreal forest. The simple models were driven by incoming solar radiation to the top of forest canopies, forest species, tree height and canopy density. Maps of the forest characteristics provided the basis for spatially distributing snow predictions over two test areas in the boreal forest. Over both test areas, variation of incoming solar radiation explained much of the variance in net energy transfer to snow cover. We found the strongest correlations for the relatively open, discontinuous canopies of the northern boreal forest. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 20 EP 28 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000003 ER PT B AU Haehnel, RB Lever, JH Tabler, RD AF Haehnel, RB Lever, JH Tabler, RD BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI Field measurements of snowdrift development rate SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab ID REQUIREMENTS; SIMULATION AB For successful snow drift modeling, similitude of drift geometry and development rate must be preserved between model and prototype. Earlier work revealed that field data documenting drift development are scarce, yet such data are necessary to validate proposed modeling methods. This requires measurement of the evolving drift topography and concurrent measurement of the incident mass transport and flow field throughout the drifting event. The authors established a field program to measure drift development on a two-dimensional solid fence during the winters of 1996 and 1997 at two field sites located in Wyoming. The developing drift topography was measured using graduated snow stakes placed around the objects. The incident mass transport was measured using a Wyoming snow fence as a snow trap. The incident flow field was also documented. Here we compare prototype drift geometries and development rates with corresponding preliminary model data obtained in a snow drifting wind tunnel. The field data revealed some inaccuracies in the model drift geometry and development rate which might result from distortion in snow transport concentration and particle trajectory lengths. Further work is required to minimize the effects of model distortions. The field data obtained in this work will serve as benchmark data for evaluating modeling methodologies. C1 Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Haehnel, RB (reprint author), Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000007 ER PT B AU Hardy, JP Davis, RE Jordan, R Ni, W Woodcock, C AF Hardy, JP Davis, RE Jordan, R Ni, W Woodcock, C BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI Snow ablation modeling in conifer and deciduous stands of the boreal forest SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab ID ENERGY-BALANCE; CANOPY; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION AB Both coniferous and deciduous forests alter the energy exchange and the accumulation and ablation of snow on the ground. Snow ablation modeling at the stand scale presents challenges to account for the variability in snow cover and the large variations of solar and thermal radiation incident to the forest floor. Previous work by the authors coupled a one-dimensional snow process model (SNTHERM), modified for forested conditions, with a model of radiation interactions with forest canopies to successfully predict snow ablation in a mature jack pine stand. Now, we use the same approach and model snow ablation in black spruce and aspen stands and verify the modeling effort by comparison with field data. A new routine is added to SNTHERM to account for forest litter on the snow surface, thereby affecting the albedo. We conducted field work during March 1996 in central Saskatchewan. We measured snow pack physical properties, meteorological parameters within the forest canopy, and incoming solar and thermal irradiance beneath the forest canopy. At peak accumulation snow depths in black spruce tree wells were approximately 65% of that measured in forest gaps. Snow in the aspen stand ablated 26 days before snow in the black spruce stand and both results compare favorably with available measured data. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hardy, JP (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 114 EP 124 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000012 ER PT B AU Melloh, R Daly, S Davis, R Jordan, R Koenig, G AF Melloh, R Daly, S Davis, R Jordan, R Koenig, G BE Albert, M Taylor, S TI An operational distributed snow dynamics model for the Sava River, Bosnia SO EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1997, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 54th Eastern Snow Conference/65th Western Snow Conference CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Canadian Geophys Union, Environ Canada-Natl hyrol Res Inst, US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab AB A method of estimating and forecasting snow pack dynamics for a large remote basin in Bosnia was developed and consists of a highly automated, spatially distributed model for operational simulation and forecasting of snow pack depth, snow water equivalent, soil freeze-thaw state, and flux of snow melt and rain infiltration to the base of the pack. The model, applied to hydrologic forecasts in Bosnia during the winter of 1996-1997, has potential use in domestic flood and water supply forecasting. SNTHERM, a complex one-dimensional energy balance model that takes into account most physical processes within the snow cover, was used for snow pack computations. The model was distributed across the landscape by 1-km pixels, using a categorical classification of the basin into 216 slope, aspect and meteorology types. The model system was highly automated. Runoff ratios (runoff/rainfall) for the winter of 1996-1997 compared well to long term average runoff coefficients, indicating precipitation data used to drive the model were reasonable. Supporting research issues are discussed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Melloh, R (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA PY 1997 BP 152 EP 162 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93F UT WOS:000083552000016 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Prol, HK Mathur, SP Akyel, Y Campbell, CBG AF Pakhomov, AG Prol, HK Mathur, SP Akyel, Y Campbell, CBG TI Frequency-specific effects of millimeter-wavelength electromagnetic radiation in isolated nerve SO ELECTRO- AND MAGNETOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLS; IRRADIATION; MICROWAVES; GROWTH; WAVES; STATE; WATER AB Effects of low-intensity millimeter waves (MMW) were studied in isolated frog nerve using a high-rate stimulation (HRS) functional test. Irradiation was performed in 3 frequency bands (41.14-41.54, 45.89-45.93, and 50.8-51.0 GHz), at 5 frequencies in each band. The incident power density was 2.5 mW/cm(2) for the 45.89-45.93 GHz band and 10-fold less for the other two bands. Each nerve underwent a single 38-min MMW or sham exposure accompanied by an HRS train (20 paired stimuli/s for 17 min). The second stimulus in each pair was delivered during the relative refractory period, 9 ms after the first one. HRS caused a temporary and reversible decrease of the amplitude and conduction velocity of compound action potentials. MMW irradiation attenuated these changes; the MMW effect on the conduction velocity could be caused by microwave heating, while the effect on the amplitude apparently was not thermal. The amplitude changed significantly only in the test action potential (the one evoked during the refractory period), thus testifying to an improvement of the nerve refractory properties. This effect depended on MMW frequency rather than intensity and reached maximum at 41.34 GHz. A 100-MHz deviation from this frequency (to 41.24 or 41.44 GHz) reduced the effect more than twofold, and a 200-MHz deviation eliminated it. The results provided further evidence for the existence of frequency-specific, resonance-type mechanisms of MMW interaction with biological systems. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,USA MED RES DETACHMENT,MICROWAVE BIOEFFECTS BRANCH,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78235. MCKESSON BIOSERV,BROOKS AFB,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78235. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), USA MCMR,USA MED RES DETACHMENT,BROOKS AFB,8308 HAWKS RD,BLDG 1168,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78235, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1061-9526 J9 ELECTRO MAGNETOBIOL JI Electro Magnetobiol. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.3109/15368379709016172 PG 15 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA WQ405 UT WOS:A1997WQ40500004 ER PT J AU Pakhomova, ON Belt, ML Mathur, SP Lee, JC Akyel, Y AF Pakhomova, ON Belt, ML Mathur, SP Lee, JC Akyel, Y TI Lack of genetic effects of ultrawide-band electromagnetic radiation in yeast SO ELECTRO- AND MAGNETOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; MUTATION AB Genetic effects of ultrawide-band (UWB) radiation pulses were studied in the D7 strain of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells were exposed in suspension for 30 min at the UWB pulse repetition rates of 0 Hz (sham treatment), 16 Hz, and 600 Hz. Measured parameters of UWB pulses were as following: 101-104 kV/m peak voltage, 164-166 ps rise time, 1.01-1.02 ns pulse width, and 0 Hz-2 GHz spectral bandwidth. Cells were plated immediately after the exposure and incubated for 7 days at 30 degrees C; then normal and aberrant colonies (mitotic crossovers, segregants, revertants, and convertants) were scored. The experiments established no statistically significant effect of UWB exposure on the colony-forming ability of yeast cells or the occurrence of mutations and chromosome recombinations. RP Pakhomova, ON (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,MCMR,USA MED RES DETACHMENT,MICROWAVE BIOEFFECTS BRANCH,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1061-9526 J9 ELECTRO MAGNETOBIOL JI Electro Magnetobiol. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.3109/15368379709015652 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA YD447 UT WOS:A1997YD44700001 ER PT B AU McNesby, KL Fell, NF Vanderhoff, JA AF McNesby, KL Fell, NF Vanderhoff, JA BE Fallahi, M Howden, E TI Detection and characterization of explosives using Raman spectroscopy: Identification, laser heating, and impact sensitivity SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE CHEMICAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical Technology for Remote Chemical Detection and Identification II CY APR 21, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be a useful tool for characterizing neat crystalline explosive samples and for identifying principle components in many propellant and explosive formulations. Recently, we have been investigating changes in Raman spect a of explosives and propellant formulations which occur as the temperature approaches the melting point of the sample. We report: recent measurements of Raman spectra of explosives and propellant formulations during bulk heating, and recent measurements of laser heating of the samples during measurement of Raman spectra. The results of these measurements are important to investigators using Raman spectroscopy to measure vibrational spectra at the surface of burning propellant samples. RP McNesby, KL (reprint author), USA,BALLIST RES LAB,IGNIT & COMBUST BRANCH,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2497-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3082 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.280923 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics GA BJ34Z UT WOS:A1997BJ34Z00013 ER PT B AU Jensen, JL Blonski, S Crosier, RB Schlein, MS Lean, MH AF Jensen, JL Blonski, S Crosier, RB Schlein, MS Lean, MH BE Fallahi, M Howden, E TI Concurrent multi-level simulation of an ultra high speed chemical imaging spectrometer: A design tool to decrease time and cost to prototyping SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE CHEMICAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical Technology for Remote Chemical Detection and Identification II CY APR 21, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE concurrent multi-level simulation; computational prototyping; modeling; simulation; virtual prototyping; chemical imaging sensor; virtual interferometer; computer aided engineering; cae AB Dwindling research and development funds coupled with increasing customer demands and rapidly developing technologies present a difficult dilemma to systems developers. A current area of innovation is the integration of the abundant but diverse computer resources (both hardware and software) into practical and powerful computing environments to support the product development processes in the industrial and defense sectors. Edgewood has leveraged a number of existing resources to create a ''virtual prototyping'' environment based on the principles of Concurrent Multi-Level Simulation. We named our environment the ''Computational Prototyping Network''. RP Jensen, JL (reprint author), USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2497-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3082 BP 136 EP 147 DI 10.1117/12.280924 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics GA BJ34Z UT WOS:A1997BJ34Z00014 ER PT S AU Dowling, JP AF Dowling, JP BE Dowling, JP TI The classical Lamb shift: Why Jackson is wrong! SO ELECTRON THEORY AND QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS: 100 YEARS LATER SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Electron Theory and Quantum Electrodynamics - 100 Years Later CY SEP 05-16, 1994 CL INT CTR PHYS & APPL MATH, EDIRNE, TURKEY SP NATO HO INT CTR PHYS & APPL MATH RP Dowling, JP (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,WEAPONS SCI DIRECTORATE,AMSMI,RD,WS,ST,BLDG 7804,RM 241B,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-45514-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI I B-PHY PY 1997 VL 358 BP 307 EP 312 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH74U UT WOS:A1997BH74U00025 ER PT B AU Rauss, PJ Phillips, PJ Hamilton, MK DePersia, AT AF Rauss, PJ Phillips, PJ Hamilton, MK DePersia, AT BE Schaefer, D Williams, EF TI The FERET (FacE REcognition Technology) program SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION - 25TH AIPR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th AIPR Workshop on Emerging Applications of Computer Vision CY OCT 16-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Appl Imagery Pattern Recognit Execut Comm DE automated face recognition; face database; FERET program AB The mission of the Department of Defense Counter-drug Technology Development Program Office's Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program is to develop automatic face-recognition systems for intelligence and law enforcement applications. To achieve this objective, the program supports research in face-recognition algorithms, the collection of a large database of facial images, independent testing and evaluation of face-recognition algorithms, construction of real-time demonstration systems, and the integration of algorithms into the demonstration systems. The FERET program has established baseline performance for face recognition. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been the program's technical agent since 1993, managing development of the recognition algorithms, database collection, and conducting algorithm testing and evaluation. Currently, ARL is managing the development of several prototype face-recognition systems that will demonstrate complete real-time video face identification in an access control scenario. This paper gives an overview of the FERET program, presents performance results of the face-recognition algorithms evaluated, and addresses the future direction of the program and applications for DoD and law enforcement. RP Rauss, PJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL SE RT,10235 BURBECK RD,SUITE 110,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. RI Rauss, Patrick/A-3029-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2366-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2962 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1117/12.267831 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BH32N UT WOS:A1997BH32N00026 ER PT B AU McGinnis, ML Phelan, RG AF McGinnis, ML Phelan, RG BE Sisti, AF TI Planning and scheduling virtual training for US military units in a resource-constrained environment SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE hueristics; scheduling; simulation; military; training AB The United States Army is presently developing a new family of high technology, computer-based training facilities called the Combined Arms Tactical Trainer (CATT). The first of these will be the Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT) where soldiers from armored and mechanized forces at battalion and below will conduct realistic training in manned modules using semi-automated forces (SAF) that operate on a digitized, virtual battlefield. The major scheduling tasks for planning a days' training include selecting training scenarios, scheduling the scenarios throughout the planning horizon, and scheduling training resources for conducting each training scenario. CCTT scheduling is complicated by several factors. Multiple scenarios may be scheduled simultaneously, training scenario duration varies by scenario, and resources for conducting each scenario vary by scenario type and may vary within a scenario type as well. This paper presents a hueristic approach to the CCTT scheduling problem. Scheduling results from the automated scheduling system demonstrate that the hueristic provides ''good'' training schedules in a timely manner. RP McGinnis, ML (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,CTR OPERAT RES,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2498-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3083 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1117/12.276722 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ16T UT WOS:A1997BJ16T00030 ER PT J AU Whitnall, MH Smallridge, RC AF Whitnall, MH Smallridge, RC TI Altered thyroid axis function in Lewis rats with genetically defective hypothalamic CRH/VP neurosecretory cells SO ENDOCRINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESS; TSH SECRETION; THYROTROPIN; GLUCOCORTICOIDS AB Lewis rats display hyporesponsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axes, overproduction of cytokines, and susceptibility to inflammatory disease. The Lewis corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurosecretory system contains normal numbers of vasopressin (VP)-deficient axon varicosities, but abnormally sparse VP-containing varicosities in the external zone of the median eminence, compared to the normoresponsive Sprague Dawley (SD), Wistar and Fischer 344 strains. Since VP may act as a thyrotropin-releasing factor, we hypothesized that thyroid axis responsivity may be altered in Lewis rats. T-3, T-4 and TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay, and free T-4 by equilibrium dialysis, in adult male Lewis and SD rats. One h cold (5 degrees C) induced significant increases in T-3, T-4 and TSH levels in Lewis rats but not in SD rats. Ninety min insulin-induced hypoglycemia (1 IU/kg, ip) induced a significant T-3 increase in Lewis rats and a significant T-4 increase in SD rats. Two h after ip LPS (0.25 or 0.75 mg/kg), T-4 levels fell significantly in Lewis rats but not in SD rats. TSH decreases were significant in Lewis rats after 0.75 mg/kg and in SD rats after 0.25 mg/kg. Baseline hormone levels were generally higher in Lewis rats; the differences were significant for T-3 and T-4 in the insulin experiments and for T-3, T-4 and free T-4 in the LPS experiments. The data suggest that reduced inhibition from the adrenocortical axis in Lewis rats leads to hyperresponsivity of the thyroid axis to cold, and greater LPS-induced decreases in T-4 levels, probably due to an exaggerated inhibitory cytokine response. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Radiat Pathophysiol & Toxicol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Whitnall, MH (reprint author), Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Radiat Pathophysiol & Toxicol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0743-5800 J9 ENDOCR RES JI Endocr. Res. PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 365 EP 376 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YM049 UT WOS:000071022800007 PM 9430824 ER PT J AU McClellan, DR BourdelatParks, B Salata, K Francis, GL AF McClellan, DR BourdelatParks, B Salata, K Francis, GL TI Sphingomyelinase affects hormone production by JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells SO ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FACTOR-ALPHA; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; GRANULOSA-CELLS; KAPPA-B; RELEASE; STEROIDOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION; FIBROBLASTS; CHOLESTEROL AB Critical illness affects the function of several endocrine organs, perhaps through the effects of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Although the mechanism by which TNF-alpha affects cell function is not fully known, the activation of sphingomyelinase by TNF-alpha and the subsequent liberation of ceramide have been recently proposed as important parts of the cellular effects of TNF-alpha. In previous studies, the cellular events which follow the activation of endogenous sphingomyelinase by TNF-alpha have been replicated in vitro by the direct addition of exogenous sphingomyelinase alone. In these studies, sphingomyelinase has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol in fibroblasts and testosterone in Leydig cells, and to decrease p450-aromatase activity in granulosa cells. Using a JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell model, the present study was designed to determine if sphingomyelinase might also affect placental hormone synthesis. The data show that sphingomyelinase significantly increased the basal production of progesterone, estradiol, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and further increased dibutyryl-adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (dBcAMP) stimulated progesterone and hCG. These data show that exogenous sphingomyelinase affects JEG-3 hormone production and suggest that sphingomyelinase and dBcAMP may have additive effects on progesterone and hCG synthesis. The present study also investigated the effects of ceramide on JEG-3 function. In contrast to sphingomyelinase, ceramide alone increased the synthesis of progesterone but had no effect on either estradiol or hCG, These latter findings suggest that ceramide generation may be only one part of the cellular events which occur following sphingomyelinase exposure. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. OGLETHORPE UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30319. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAILLIERE TINDALL PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1074-939X J9 ENDOCRINOL METAB JI Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XT152 UT WOS:A1997XT15200003 ER PT B AU Zufelt, JE AF Zufelt, JE BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Effects of reservoir regulation on ice jam thickness SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB Hydropower operations alter the natural levels of discharge in a river. In a seasonal sense, the effect of hydropower regulation is to average the flow, cutting off the very high and very low periods of discharge that may result in flooding or drought conditions. Peaking operations, however, may reverse this trend, resulting in flows that are much higher or lower than the natural flow levels for that time of the year. During winter, natural discharge levels are typically low and regulation for hydroelectric generation may result in brief periods of abnormally high and possibly low discharge under ice-covered conditions. Large variations in discharge over the hydropower cycling period may result in ice movement or grounding. Therefore, the range of discharge fluctuation is often limited during ice formation and breakup periods when the ice cover is most likely to move. This paper looks at the effects of these unsteady discharge fluctuations on the resulting ice cover thickness through the use of a numerical model. Two reservoir configurations are presented, which help examine the effects of hydropower regulation on the ice cover thickness in the reaches upstream and downstream from a hydropower facility. C1 USACRREL, Hanover, NH USA. RP Zufelt, JE (reprint author), USACRREL, Hanover, NH USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300026 ER PT B AU Sodhi, DS Borland, S Stanley, JM Donnelly, CJ AF Sodhi, DS Borland, S Stanley, JM Donnelly, CJ BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Ice effects on riprap: Small-scale tests SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB We conducted model tests to simulate interaction between floating ice sheets and sloping banks protected with riprap stones. Two series of tests were conducted, representing ice action against model riprap bank protection when the ice sheet moves perpendicular and at an angle of 45 degrees to the shoreline. The first series of tests simulates ice shoving action, while the second series of tests incorporated both shoving and shearing actions of ice in equal proportion. We conducted 35 tests during the first series and 53 tests during the second series. The results indicate that the size of maximum stone (D-100) should be about 2.5 times the ice thickness to avoid damage from ice action either perpendicular or at an angle of 45 degrees to the shoreline. The data on the probability of riprap failure indicate that the likelihood of riprap damage increases with the slope of a riprap protected bank. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sodhi, DS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 162 EP 167 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300027 ER PT B AU Lever, JH AF Lever, JH BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Ice jam mitigation for small streams SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB Small streams can cause severe ice-jam flooding. Ice booms can mitigate freezeup ice jams for low cost and environmental impact provided suitable low-velocity pools are available. Low-cost breakup ice-control structures also exist, although work remains to quantify their effectiveness. Ice weakening could provide effective breakup ice-jam mitigation at very low cost and environmental impact. However, large natural variability in ice hydraulic conditions, lack of suitable theory and incomplete field data make it difficult to quantify their effectiveness. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lever, JH (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 168 EP 173 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300028 ER PT B AU Tuthill, AM Carey, KL AF Tuthill, AM Carey, KL BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Ice retention with artificial islands on the St. Marys River SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB For the past two decades, a navigation ice boom has alleviated ice problems at the head of the Little Rapids Cut, a channel constriction on the St. Marys River near Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. This study assesses the feasibility of replacing portions of the ice boom with artificial islands constructed of quarried stone. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Tuthill, AM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 180 EP 185 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300030 ER PT B AU Haynes, FD AF Haynes, FD BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Ice control at locks and dams SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res DE lock and dam icing; ice control; air bubblers AB Locks and Dams have problems with ice every winter, especially those in the north. The most severe problem is ice accumulation in the miter gate recess. The second most severe problem around locks is ice in the upper approach. Another severe icing problem is water leaking past J-seals and subsequently freezing on cold surfaces, such as trunnion arms and adjacent concrete walls. In this paper, solutions to some of the most severe problems are presented., such as bubblers or some type of heater. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Haynes, FD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 186 EP 191 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300031 ER PT B AU Philbrook, C AF Philbrook, C BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Juvenile fish passage system at McNary Dam SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB Juvenile fish passage systems are widely used at Corps of Engineer (Corps) hydropower dams along the lower Snake and Columbia Rivers. They are an important aspect of anadromous fish survival in the Pacific Northwest. This paper outlines the basic elements of the juvenile fish passage system used at McNary Dam on the Columbia River. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Philbrook, C (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300066 ER PT B AU Wilhelms, SC Schneider, ML AF Wilhelms, SC Schneider, ML BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Total dissolved gas in the near-field tailwater of Ice Harbor dam SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB Total dissolved gas (TDG) saturation levels were measured and recorded along 3 lateral transects in the immediate area downstream of the Ice Harbor Spillway. The dissolved gas levels were dependent on total spillway discharge and spill pattern, reaching nearly 140 percent at the navigation lock guide wall for the largest discharge. The data showed significant and rapid gas absorption in the stilling basin, with a maximum TDG level of 162 percent at the stilling basin endsill for the largest discharge. A rapid desorption of TDG occurred over the next 200 ft of tailrace, reducing saturation to that measured at the end of the guide wall. These results provide a basis to develop alternative designs to reduce TDG produced at hydraulic structures. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wilhelms, SC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 513 EP 517 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300085 ER PT B AU Cain, JD AF Cain, JD BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Design of spillway deflectors for Ice Harbor Dam to reduce supersaturated dissolved gas levels downstream SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB Dissolved gas supersaturation occurs downstream of the eight Federal darns on the lower Snake and Columbia Rivers when spillway flows are released. This paper describes a new approach to optimize spillway deflector performance to reduce supersaturation levels downstream of Ice Harbor Dam. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Cain, JD (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 607 EP 612 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300101 ER PT J AU Robbins, RG Karesh, WB Rosenberg, S Schonwalter, N Inthavong, C AF Robbins, RG Karesh, WB Rosenberg, S Schonwalter, N Inthavong, C TI Two noteworthy collections of ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from endangered carnivores in the Lao People's Democratic Republic SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Adults of the ixodid ticks Haemaphysalis osiatica and Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and nymphs of an undetermined species of Amblyomma are reported from a Laotian specimen of the Asian golden cat, Catopuma temminckii, and an adult of Ixodes ovatus is reported from a Laotian specimen of Owston's palm civet, Chrotogale owstoni. These are the first published records of any ticks from either carnivore and the first record of I. ovatus from the Lao People's Democratic Republic. RP Robbins, RG (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WP008 UT WOS:A1997WP00800010 ER PT B AU Hsieh, BB AF Hsieh, BB BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI An optimal design of field data collection for improving numerical hydrodynamic model verification SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB A new design strategy using one stochastic control algorithm to select the number and locations of measurement sensors and one frequency response dynamic system to extend the total duration and geographical locations was proposed. This three-step design procedure offers a systematic approach of optimal field data collection for model verification. The mathematical formulation and designing concept was derived in an estuary hydrodynamic system. The methodology also can apply to other water related systems, such as groundwater flow and riverine dynamics. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, BB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 815 EP 820 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000138 ER PT B AU Bernard, RS AF Bernard, RS BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI Extension and validation of the MAC3D numerical model for applications involving bubble diffusers SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB MAC3D is a finite-volume numerical model for three-dimensional incompressible flow, which has been extended to compute the flow produced by bubble diffusers. An upward buoyant force, which is directly proportional to standard airflow rate but inversely proportional to local rise velocity and local depth, is imposed in the bubble plume. Eddy viscosity is computed using a mixing length that increases with distance from the bottom boundary. The extended model yields predicted velocities that exhibit fair agreement with observed values for both coarse and fine bubble diffusers submerged in a cylindrical tank. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bernard, RS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 833 EP 838 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000141 ER PT B AU Kim, KW Johnson, DH Sanchez, J AF Kim, KW Johnson, DH Sanchez, J BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI Preliminary verification of a 3D hydrodynamic model of the San Juan estuarine system SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB A three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model of the San Juan estuarine system has been developed and is being applied to provide flow fields to a 3D water quality eutrophication model of the system. Preliminary results from a portion of a simulation period during June-August 1995 are presented. These results demonstrate that the model reproduces the basic observed behavior of the system. A full verification of the model is ongoing. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 839 EP 845 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000142 ER PT B AU Johnson, BH Wang, HV AF Johnson, BH Wang, HV BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI Verification of a coupled 3D Chesapeake Bay and shelf hydrodynamic model SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB The development and subsequent verification of a three-dimensional (3D) model of Chesapeake Bay and its major tributaries that is coupled through an extended grid with the Atlantic Ocean is discussed. Since the modeling effort is focused on the bay's tributaries, only verification results in the tributaries are presented. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Johnson, BH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 846 EP 852 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000143 ER PT B AU Hall, B Gessler, D AF Hall, B Gessler, D BE Wang, SSY Carstens, T TI Modeling of sediment dynamics at river diversions SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND COASTAL HYDRAULICS: PROTECTING THE AQUATIC HABITAT, PROCEEDINGS OF THEME B, VOLS 1 & 2 SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res ID LOAD TRANSPORT AB The evaluation of sediment dynamics at river diversions is a complex problem. The percentage of suspended load diverted is not necessarily proportional to the flow. Secondary currents, which are the result of channel geometry, also impact the percentage of the sediment diverted. In addition, sediment characteristics impact the percentage of sediment diverted. Analytical and numerical methods are available to evaluate the problem. This paper provides a brief review of analytical approaches. The numerical model CH3D-SED is presented as an alternative to the analytical approach. A case study is presented in which the model is applied to the Head of Passes region of the Mississippi River. At Head of Passes, the Mississippi River has three major distributaries. Predictions are mode on the percentage of sediment diverted in each distributary. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hall, B (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0272-8 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 VL 27 BP 1156 EP 1161 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN27S UT WOS:000081412000195 ER PT J AU Yorks, TP West, NE Mueller, RJ Warren, SD AF Yorks, TP West, NE Mueller, RJ Warren, SD TI Toleration of traffic by vegetation: Life form conclusions and summary extracts from a comprehensive data base SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation; trampling; vehicles; traffic; resistance; resilience; data base ID DISTURBANCE; IMPACTS; FORESTS AB An exhaustive search of the literature for foot and vehicle traffic impacts on vegetation has yielded more than 400 citations, two thirds of which held sufficient detail to be usefully distilled into a personal-computer data base. A total of 1444 individual observations involving 737 species that were trampled are included. Compromises were made in the depth of entry detail and to allow comparability among data. Inconsistent, generally short-term, experimental practices disallowed formal statistical analyses. Within those constraints, graminoids emerged with the highest mean resistance and resilience among life-forms. Climbers and cactoids ranked lowest in these categories. The herbaceous, typically broader-leaved (forb) life-form appeared most likely to suffer immediate losses. Shrubs and trees had the longest-lasting decreases in diversity following traffic impact. Ail life-forms had sensitive species. The greatest general species and individual plant losses take place in the first few passes by feet, wheels, or tracks. Plant and soil damage increases with the amount of weight and power applied. Greater soil moisture and/or deeper overstory shading magnify those impacts. Additional precepts may become apparent to data-base users through increased ease in making comparisons. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. HIGH LEVEL RES,SMITHFIELD,UT 84335. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LABS,NAT RESOURCES DIV,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61826. NR 59 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s002679900011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VZ029 UT WOS:A1997VZ02900011 ER PT J AU Hewitt, AD AF Hewitt, AD TI Chemical preservation of volatile organic compounds in soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Laboratory protocols are necessary for assessing the concentration stability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in site-specific soil matrices, because refrigeration (4 degrees C) alone does not prevent microbiological degradation. An experimental approach was developed using hermetically sealed vials for storage and in-vial analysis. This technique avoids volatilization losses while assessing the apparent rate of microbiological degradation and enables an assessment of the effectiveness of chemical preservation. Using this approach, concentrations of most of the chlorinated compounds tested were unaffected by storage temperature and/or chemical preservation over a 28-day holding period. Aromatic compounds, however, were rapidly degraded (>95% loss) when stored at 22 degrees C over this same period and often showed a substantial reduction (30% or greater loss) when stored at 4 degrees C. Chemical preservation with either sodium chloride (NaCl) or sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) suppressed the microbiological degradation of these aromatic compounds in samples held at 22 degrees C. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1021/es960095y PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WC400 UT WOS:A1997WC40000028 ER PT S AU Wentsel, RS Simini, M Checkai, RT Ludwig, D LaPoint, TW AF Wentsel, RS Simini, M Checkai, RT Ludwig, D LaPoint, TW BE Dwyer, FJ Doane, TR Hinman, ML TI Ecological risk assessment procedures for US Army sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: MODELING AND RISK ASSESSMENT (SIXTH VOLUME) SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment - Modeling and Risk Assessment CY APR 15-18, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE ecological risk assessment; ERA; risk characterization; environmental fate; ecotoxicology; environmental toxicity; CERCLA; NPL; superfund AB This paper discusses U.S. Army guidance procedures for ecological risk assessments (ERA) for risk assessors under contract to the U.S. Army. Using this approach provides the Army with cost-effective, tiered procedures with which to direct and coordinate the scientific and technical efforts of contractors involved in ERA. Employing a common framework across sites can assure the Army that requirements of state and federal regulators are satisfied. The process described in this report follows the EPA ''Framework'' paradigm put forward in 1992. This document is a technical ''road map'', with examples and discussion of the thought process to lead environmental scientists through this effort. A tiered or phased approach has been put forward as a rational procedure by several scientists. The purpose of a tiered approach is to do the necessary and sufficient amount of work to characterize the risk to an ecological system with an acceptable degree of uncertainty. The assessment should proceed if risk is possible, but complete characterization of risk cannot be determined due to significant data gaps. The assessment should not proceed if no significant risk is apparent, or if the risk is so great that action (e.g., remediation, containment, etc.) is immediately warranted. RP Wentsel, RS (reprint author), USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2474-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 131 BP 197 EP 223 DI 10.1520/STP12242S PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BH65R UT WOS:A1997BH65R00013 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, JB AF Ellsworth, JB TI Diffusion of innovations, 4th edition - Rogers,EM SO ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Book Review RP Ellsworth, JB (reprint author), USA,FT HUACHUCA,AZ, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSOC EDUC COMMUNICATIONS & TECHNOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1025 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 820, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 1042-1629 J9 ETR&D-EDUC TECH RES JI ETR&D-Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA YL195 UT WOS:A1997YL19500007 ER PT J AU Forte, VA Burse, RL Cymerman, A AF Forte, VA Burse, RL Cymerman, A TI Blood oxygen saturation measured in the presence of a mixture of cyclopropane, sulfur hexafluoride, and ethane SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE O-2 saturation; anesthetic gases; measurement technique ID OPERATION EVEREST; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Some anesthetic gases interfere with the determination of blood O-2 values. We evaluated, for its potential for such interference, a gas mixture containing (v/v) similar to 70% ethane, 20% sulfur hexafluoride, and 10% cyclopropane, as is currently used in trace amounts to determine ventilation-perfusion (v/Q) ratios. Normal human blood samples wen first tonometered with control gas mixtures containing (v/v): (1) 20.9% O-2, 0.04% CO2; (2) 16.0% O-2, 4.0% CO2; and (3) 9.9% O-2, 7.8% CO2. A large quantity (20.9%) of the v/Q mixture was blended experimentally into the control mixture and the tonometry repeated. The entire experiment was then repeated substituting pure N-2 for the v/Q mixture as a dilution control. O-2 values were determined by three methods: (1) a polarographic electrode, ABL-300 (ABL); (2) a spectrophotometric method, Co-Oximeter (COOX); and (3) a galvanic cell, Lex-O-2-Con (LEX). The v/Q gas mixture lowered significantly all measured LEX values by 2.5-3.6 saturation percent (sat%), but showed no effect, dilution or otherwise, on the O-2 values determined by the COOX and ABL methods. The N-2 dilution lowe;ed the LEX values by an average of only 0.9 sat%, the ABL and the COOX were approximate to 0.6 sat% lower. We therefore suggest that, if any of these O-2 measurement methods are used in the presence of the v/Q mixture. baseline O-2 values should be determined both before and after injection of the mixture into the bloodstream, prior to performing other experimental manipulations. The difference between the two values, if any, can then be used to interpret subsequent results. RP Forte, VA (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,ALTITUDE RES DIV,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0301-5548 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL O JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA WH651 UT WOS:A1997WH65100011 PM 9007460 ER PT J AU Burris, H Storniolo, AM AF Burris, H Storniolo, AM TI Assessing clinical benefit in the treatment of pancreas cancer: Gemcitabine compared to 5-fluorouracil SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of an Eli Lilly and Company Satellite Symposium at the 8th European Conference on Clinical Oncology and Cancer Nursing on The Management of Cancer Patients CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL PARIS, FRANCE DE clinical trial; gemcitabine; pancreas cancer; clinical benefit; quality of life; chemotherapy; review AB An early study with gemcitabine in pancreas cancer indicated greater relief of disease-related symptoms than expected from the objective tumour response rate. A novel design was created to assess changes in symptomatology prospectively in two studies. The design focuses on typical features seen in patients with advanced pancreas cancer (pain, impaired function, weight loss) and the endpoint is 'clinical benefit response'. Traditional endpoints of objective tumour response and survival were also included. In a randomised study, the clinical benefit response rate for gemcitabine was 24% compared with 5% for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (P = 0.0022). The median survival was 5.65 months for gemcitabine compared with 4.41 months for 5-FU (P = 0.0025). The corresponding objective response rates were 5.4% and 0%. Disease stabilised in 39% and 19% of gemcitabine and 5-FU patients, respectively. In a second study of 5-FU-refractory patients, 27.0% of patients were clinical benefit responders. The median survival in this second study was 3.8 months; the objective response rate was 11%, and 30% of patients had stable disease. These trials show that gemcitabine improves disease-related symptoms and survival in patients with pancreas cancer. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ELI LILLY & CO,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46285. RP Burris, H (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. RI qiao, zhixin/I-3408-2012 NR 8 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 SU 1 BP S18 EP S22 DI 10.1016/S0959-8049(96)00324-3 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA WU051 UT WOS:A1997WU05100005 PM 9166095 ER PT J AU McLeod, DG Crawford, ED DeAntoni, EP AF McLeod, DG Crawford, ED DeAntoni, EP TI Combined androgen blockade: The gold standard for metastatic prostate cancer SO EUROPEAN UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Management of Prostate Cancer CY NOV 02-03, 1996 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Schering Plough Pharma DE androgen blockade, combined; prostate cancer; metastasis ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ENDOCRINE THERAPY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CARCINOMA; FLUTAMIDE; LEUPROLIDE; SUPPRESSION; ANTIGEN AB There is no debate that both the earlier diagnosis and the treatment of men with cancer of the prostate (CaP) are having an impact on patients with this disease. In many practices there are fewer and fewer patients presenting with the classic diagnosis of 'advanced disease', i.e., stage M (D2). Only a few years ago, a large percentage of men with CaP had bony metastases when they presented to a physician. Hormonal ablation was the optimal treatment, and the only question was whether bilateral orchiectomy or medical castration should be used. The median time to progression with either type of monotherapy was 12-18 months, and the median time to survival was 24-36 months. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, this scenario is still the norm. In the United States, Europe, and an increasing number of other countries, improved methods of detection with transrectal ultrasound and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) have resulted in a dramatic shift in the stage of disease at diagnosis. It is safe to say that in these countries the majority of prostate cancers are now being clinically diagnosed while still localized, and many organ-confined tumors are being definitively treated and cured. Nevertheless, many of these patients will be understaged at the time of diagnosis and will show progression following definitive therapy. In most surgical series approximately one half of patients will be found on pathologic examination to have pT3 disease. The use of PSA in the diagnosis of CaP has been mentioned, and it is being used extensively to monitor recurrent/residual disease. Hormonal therapy is being employed earlier in numerous clinical situations, and its use is no longer reserved solely for patients with metastatic disease. In this context combined androgen blockade has become the gold standard of treatment in neoadjuvant situations as well as for advanced CaP. Newer advances, including 3-month depot formulations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues, the reversibility of medical castration, the preference of most patients to have medical castration, and the approval of other antiandrogens in the United States, all have further strengthened the use of combined androgen blockade. Hormonal therapy in adjuvant settings, when there is a high likelihood of disease recurrence, is also being used in many clinical situations. In addition, there appears to be a role for certain types of hormonal therapy in chemoprevention. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV UROL,DENVER,CO 80262. RP McLeod, DG (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,HSHL,SGU,UROL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-2838 J9 EUR UROL JI Eur. Urol. PY 1997 VL 32 SU 3 BP 70 EP 77 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XP015 UT WOS:A1997XP01500010 PM 9267789 ER PT S AU Evans, RN Vandiver, TL AF Evans, RN Vandiver, TL BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Development of the annular composite motorcase for the advanced kinetic energy missile SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE carbon fibers; composite motorcase; filament winding AB The Advanced Kinetic Energy Missile (ADKEM) is a technology demonstration program being conducted by the U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) Research Development and Engineering Center (RD&EC). The objective of the ADKEM program is to develop a multimission design that greatly increases launch platform battlefield effectiveness over current and near term line of sight weapons systems. ADKEM will provide high lethality against armored ground vehicles as well as fixed and rotary wing aircraft. The ADKEM configuration consists of four 3.75 inch diameter composite motorcases clustered around a guided lethal mechanism carrying centerbody. The missile will achieve a peak velocity of MACH 6 at a range of less than 500 meters. In order to meet the ADKEM system velocity goals a light weight high performance motor is required. A motorcase with a high propellant weight fraction (PWF) provides ADKEM the capability to place the propulsion unit energy into lethal mechanism impact energy rather than into carrying parasitic motor weight. This paper will discuss the alternate ADKEM composite motorcase design that utilizes a unique annular motor concept. The annular composite motor concept (UNICORN) reduces the propulsion unit volume and provides an alternate boost approach to the ADKEM clustered booster configuration, without forfeiting the peak velocity at minimum range and other system requirements. This paper will discuss the annular motor design and fabrication techniques, as well as hydroburst and static test data. The ability to design and fabricate motors with short burn times, high pressures and high burn rates has been proven at the U.S. Army Missile Command. This technology provides MICOM the capability of developing light weight missile systems that require peak velocities of MACH 6 at minimum ranges of less than 500 meters and maximum ranges of 5 to 10 kilometers. C1 USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Evans, RN (reprint author), USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1459 EP 1470 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200144 ER PT S AU McNeill, DW Evans, RN AF McNeill, DW Evans, RN BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Development of composite structures for lethality testing in Light Gas Guns SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE Light Gas Guns; composite motorcase; filament winding AB Requirements for high fidelity models used in lethality testing are now being mandated. However, the cost of building and testing full scale test vehicles has lead to various types of scaled testing. One type of testing that is currently being used is Light Gas Guns. Gas guns allow the ability to match the need for high velocities, but at the cost of extremely high g loads induced by the gun blast. Historically, metals are used as the test vehicle, but often at the cost of model fidelity. With the increased use of composites in missile systems and the mandates for higher fidelity models, the need to utilize composites in test vehicles has become evident. This paper covers a successful effort to incorporate composite structures for the first time in the Light Gas Gun located at the University of Alabama in Huntsville(UAH). The success of this program paves the path building and testing models that have mass distributions that closely match those of the actual missile systems. C1 USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP McNeill, DW (reprint author), USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1471 EP 1481 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200145 ER PT J AU Young, AJ Lee, DT AF Young, AJ Lee, DT TI Aging and human cold tolerance SO EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; WATER IMMERSION; AGE; MEN; ENVIRONMENTS; HYPOTHERMIA; EXPOSURES; GENDER AB Hypothermia is widely considered to be a more serious threat for older than for younger persons because of older persons' impaired ability to defend body temperature during cold exposure. Some epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of death from hypothermia increases with age, but surveys of body temperature normally maintained by older persons while in their own homes do not indicate a large incidence of hypothermia. More reliable comparisons of thermoregulatory responses to cold stress in younger and older subjects have been performed under controlled conditions in laboratory experiments. Generally, older men appear less able than younger men to defend their core temperature during experimental cold exposures. Cold exposure may elicit a slightly smaller rise in metabolic heat production, and the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to cold may be less responsive in old than in young men. These aging effects may, however, be limited to men. In a recent study, older women appeared to defend core temperature during cold exposure as well as, or better than, younger women. Preventable changes in body composition and physical fitness rather than aging per se may contribute to impaired thermoregulatory responses to cold observed in older workers. RP Young, AJ (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0361-073X J9 EXP AGING RES JI Exp. Aging Res. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 45 EP 67 DI 10.1080/03610739708254026 PG 23 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA WK111 UT WOS:A1997WK11100004 PM 9049612 ER PT J AU Pandolf, KB AF Pandolf, KB TI Aging and human heat tolerance SO EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY ELDERLY MEN; SKIN BLOOD-FLOW; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; OLDER MEN; SWEATING SENSITIVITY; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; HUMID HEAT; DRY-HEAT; EXERCISE; AGE AB Collectively, the literature on heat tolerance suggests that middle-aged (45- to 64-year-old) men and women are more work-heat-intolerant and stiffer more physiological strain during heat acclimation than younger individuals. However, it is unclear whether the age differences in work-heat intolerance and physiological strain during heat acclimation are related to age per se or associated with other factors such as certain disease states, decreased physical activity, or lowered aerobic fitness. In contrast. the work-heat tolerance and physiological responses during heat acclimation of habitually active or aerobically trained middle-aged men are the same as or better than younger individuals. The reviewed studies emphasize the importance of aerobic fitness and pertinent morphological factors, such as body fat, body weight, and surface area in maintaining work-hear tolerance with aging. Recent studies suggest that middle-aged and older men and women may be more susceptible to greater heat strain at physiologically significant levels of dehydration than those younger. However, additional research appears necessary to support this hypothesis. When the effects of chronic debilitating diseases in the elderly (64 years old and older) are minimized, their heat tolerance and thermoregulatory responses are comparable to those of younger individuals. In fact, healthy and well acclimated elderly men and women appear to perform as well as younger individuals during desert walks in dry heat. This review discusses experimental observations from previously published studies concerning aging and hear tolerance or the physiological heat strain during heat acclimation at rest or during work; and it suggests future research efforts needed to understand this topic better. RP Pandolf, KB (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,ENVIRONM PHYSIOL & MED DIRECTORATE,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 65 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0361-073X J9 EXP AGING RES JI Exp. Aging Res. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 69 EP 105 DI 10.1080/03610739708254027 PG 37 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA WK111 UT WOS:A1997WK11100005 PM 9049613 ER PT B AU Rothman, AL Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Nimmannitya, S Innis, BL Stephens, HAF RicoHesse, R Suntayakorn, S Nisalak, A Sudiro, TM Lew, R Ennis, FA AF Rothman, AL Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Nimmannitya, S Innis, BL Stephens, HAF RicoHesse, R Suntayakorn, S Nisalak, A Sudiro, TM Lew, R Ennis, FA BE Saluzzo, JF Dodet, B TI Dengue hemorrhagic fever SO FACTORS IN THE EMERGENCE OF ARBOVIRUS DISEASES: EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Factors in the Emergence of Arbovirus Diseases CY DEC 08-10, 1996 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP Marcel Merieux Fdn DE dengue hemorrhagic fever; immunopathology; capillary leak syndrome AB The morbidity and mortality associated with severe dengue infections is a major increasing public health problem. The frequency of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is much greater during secondary infections with dengue virus strains of a different serotype than that which caused the primary infection. The immunopathological data have raised concerns about the safest approach for vaccine development. We hypothesize that the capillary leak syndrome in DHF is the result of intense activation of the numerous precursor dengue virus specific memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes by dengue-infected monocytes, which are also present in greater numbers in secondary infections due to antibody-dependent enhanced infection. The rapid production of large amounts of cytokines from activated T cells and monocytes disrupts endothelial cell bridges, causing sudden hemoconcentration, and, in severe cases, hypotensive shock. We are examining this and alternative hypotheses in a multifaceted research program which focuses on identifying the virologic and immunologic factors which increase the risk of developing severe dengue infections and DHF. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,WORCESTER,MA 01655. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT VIROL,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. BANGKOK CHILDRENS HOSP,BANGKOK,THAILAND. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT VIRUS DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. MAHIDOL UNIV,SCH MED,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. SIRIRAJ HOSP,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. SW FDN BIOMED RES,DEPT VIROL & IMMUNOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78245. KAMPHAENG PHET PROV HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,KAMPHAENG PHET 62000,THAILAND. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Ennis, FA (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,55 LAKE AVE N,WORCESTER,MA 01655, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUE & MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141, RUE DE JAVEL, PARIS, FRANCE BN 2-84299-005-6 PY 1997 BP 109 EP 116 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BJ25P UT WOS:A1997BJ25P00010 ER PT B AU Smith, JF Oberste, MS AF Smith, JF Oberste, MS BE Saluzzo, JF Dodet, B TI Epidemiology of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex viruses: recent investigations and implications for vaccine design and development SO FACTORS IN THE EMERGENCE OF ARBOVIRUS DISEASES: EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Factors in the Emergence of Arbovirus Diseases CY DEC 08-10, 1996 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP Marcel Merieux Fdn DE Venezuelan equine encephalitis; epidemiology; emerging strains; vaccines AB After a 20-year absence, equine epizootics caused by Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus have occurred in Venezuela and Colombia in 1995 and in Mexico in 1993 and 1996. In addition, enzootic VEE ID strains have recently been shown to be a significant cause of acute febrile disease in humans in northern Peru. Sequence analysis of strains isolated from the extensive epizootic which occurred in northern areas of both Venezuela and Colombia has revealed these strains to be very similar to classic IC epizootic strains which have caused previous epizootics in these areas. However, analysis of the isolates from Mexico has shown these strains to be very similar to local enzootic IE strains which were not previously known to be virulent for equines or have epizootic potential. This observation raises the possibility that new epizootic VEE strains may be emerging, and that such strains may be sufficiently different antigenically from the classical IA/B and C epizootic strains that new vaccines may be required to control some future epizootics. Vaccine candidates could be generated relatively quickly by site-directed mutagenesis of full-length cDNA clones as has recently been accomplished with the VEE IA/R strain. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV VIROL,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUE & MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141, RUE DE JAVEL, PARIS, FRANCE BN 2-84299-005-6 PY 1997 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BJ25P UT WOS:A1997BJ25P00022 ER PT S AU Troiano, E Underwood, JH Scalise, A OHara, GP Crayon, D AF Troiano, E Underwood, JH Scalise, A OHara, GP Crayon, D BE Underwood, JH Macdonald, BD Mitchell, MR TI Fatigue analysis of a vessel experiencing pressure oscillations SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 28TH VOL SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY SP ASTM Comm E 08 Fatigue & Fracture, USA Res Off DE low cycle fatigue; pressure oscillation; pressure vessel; cumulative damage model; residual stresses; hoop stress; radial stress; fatigue cracks; Palmgren-Miner rule; environmentally assisted cracking AB A pressure vessel, designed and tested under laboratory conditions for tens of thousands of cycles, failed in service after only a few cycles. Thousands of oscillatory pressure reversals have been measured at each loading. However, the predominance of the stress amplitudes were well below the critical threshold values necessary to initiate fatigue cracking. Analysis has demonstrated that the disparity between lab cycling and field loading conditions cannot be explained simply by mechanical loading alone. Further investigation into the problem revealed that an extremely aggressive environment, the by-products of the internal combustion from within the pressure vessel, along with high temperatures, pressures, and other sources of high tensile loading all contribute to the short fatigue life of the vessel. RP Troiano, E (reprint author), USA,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,BENET LABS,WATERVLIET,NY 12189, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2410-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1321 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1520/STP12321S PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BJ51Y UT WOS:A1997BJ51Y00022 ER PT S AU Vigilante, GN Underwood, JH Crayon, D Tauscher, S Sage, T Troiano, E AF Vigilante, GN Underwood, JH Crayon, D Tauscher, S Sage, T Troiano, E BE Underwood, JH Macdonald, BD Mitchell, MR TI Hydrogen induced cracking tests of high strength steels and nickel-iron base alloys using the bolt-loaded specimen SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 28TH VOL SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY SP ASTM Comm E 08 Fatigue & Fracture, USA Res Off DE threshold stress intensity; hydrogen induced cracking; hydrogen cracking; hydrogen embrittlement; environmental fracture; environmental cracking; crack growth rates; high strength steels; nickel-iron base alloys AB Hydrogen induced cracking tests were conducted on high strength steels and nickel-iron base alloys using the constant displacement bolt-loaded compact specimen, The bolt-loaded specimen was subjected to both acid and electrochemical cell environments in order to produce hydrogen. The materials tested wen A723, Maraging 200, PH 138 Mo, Alloy 718, Alloy 706, and A286, and ranged in yield strength fi om 760-1400 MPa. The effects of chemical composition refinement? heat treatment: and strength on hydrogen induced crack growth rates and thresholds were examined, In general, all high strength steels tested exhibited similar crack growth rates and threshold levels. In comparison, the nickel-iron base alloys tested exhibited tip to three orders of magnitude lower crack growth rates Shan the high strength steels tested. It is widely known that high strength steels and nickel base allow exhibit different crack growth rates, in part, because of their different crystal cell structure. In the high strength steels tested refinement and heat treatment had some effect on hydrogen induced cracking, though strength was the predominant factor influencing susceptibility to cracking. When the yield strength of one of the high strength steels tested was increased moderately, from 1130 MPa to 1275 MPa the incubation times decreased by over two orders of magnitude, the crack growth rates increased by an order of magnitude, and the threshold stress intensity was slightly lower. RP Vigilante, GN (reprint author), USA,ARMAMENT RD&E CTR,BENET LABS,WATERVLIET,NY 12189, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2410-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1321 BP 602 EP 616 DI 10.1520/STP12332S PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BJ51Y UT WOS:A1997BJ51Y00033 ER PT J AU Piascik, RS Newman, JC Underwood, JH AF Piascik, RS Newman, JC Underwood, JH TI The extended compact tension specimen SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE extended compact tension specimen; compliance; stress-intensity factor AB An extended compact tension, EC(T), specimen has been developed for fatigue and fracture testing. The EC(T) specimen exhibits distinct advantages compared to other cracked specimen configurations, i.e., standard compact tension, single-edge crack, and middle-crack tension specimens. Documented herein are stress-intensity factor and compliance expressions for the EC(T) specimen. C1 USA,ARMAMENT RE&E CTR,BENET LABS,WATERVLIET,NY 12189. RP Piascik, RS (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MECH MAT BRANCH,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb00287.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA WV711 UT WOS:A1997WV71100004 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TF Grant, CL Brar, GS Thorne, PG Schumacher, PW Ranney, TA AF Jenkins, TF Grant, CL Brar, GS Thorne, PG Schumacher, PW Ranney, TA TI Sampling error associated with collection and analysis of soil samples at TNT-contaminated sites SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical error; heterogeneity spatial variability; on-site analysis; sampling error; soil; TNT; composite sampling AB This study assessed short-range spatial heterogeneity of TNT concentrations in surface soils at explosives-contaminated sites. Discrete and composite samples were analyzed by both on-site colorimetric techniques and standard laboratory protocols. Three locations were sampled at each of three installations, and the results were used to estimate the relative contributions of analytical error and sampling error. The major contaminant at seven of the nine sampling locations was TNT, and the on-site colorimetric method provided results that were in excellent agreement with laboratory results from the use of SW846 Method 8330. At four of the seven TNT locations, short-range concentration variations were modest and analyte distribution was sufficiently Gaussian to allow application of normal distribution statistics to fractionate the total error variances. For these four locations, standard deviations due to sampling were greater than the corresponding standard deviations due to analysis by factors ranging from 2.6 to 22.8. This relationship held whether characterization was done with the use of on-site analysis or laboratory analysis. For the other three TNT locations, enormous short-range spatial heterogeneity was encountered and sampling error overwhelmed analytical error. To improve estimates of mean concentrations, sampling error was reduced by the use of composite sampling strategies. Overall, this study indicates that characterization of explosives-contaminated sites with the use of a combination of composite sampling, infield sample homogenization, and on-site colorimetric analysis is an efficient method of obtaining accurate and precise mean concentration estimates that are representative of the area. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. SCI & TECHNOL CORP,HANOVER,NH 03755. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1997 VL 1 IS 3 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1997)1:3<151::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-# PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA WY382 UT WOS:A1997WY38200005 ER PT J AU Thorne, PG Jenkins, TF AF Thorne, PG Jenkins, TF TI A field method for quantifying ammonium picrate and picric acid in soil SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE picric acid; ammonium picrate; explosives; field screening ID ACUTE TOXICITY; EXPLOSIVES; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A simple field method for the determination of ammonium picrate and picric acid in soil was developed. Picric acid is a strong acid with a pKa = 0.80, and is colorless when dissolved in an organic solvent, whereas its anion (picrate) is bright yellow, picric acid and picrate ions were extracted from undried soil by shaking with acetone; any picric acid extracted was rapidly converted to picrate in the wet acetone. Picrate was extracted from the acetone soil extracts by passing the solutions through a solid-phase anion exchanger to remove interferences, Acidified acetone was used to convert the picrate to picric acid and elute it from the ion exchanger. The absorbance of the solution at 400 nm was measured; then the picric acid was converted to the colored picrate ion by diluting the eluent with water. Absorbance at 400 nm was measured again and the concentration of picrate was obtained from the difference in the absorbance measurements, corrected for dilution. The method detection limit is 1.3 mu g g(-1) of soil. Field-contaminated soils were assayed, and the results compared favorably to those from HPLC analyses in the range of 10-4400 mu g g(-1). The method is simple to use, can be implemented under field conditions, and complements on-site methods for TNT, RDX, and 2,4-DNT. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1997 VL 1 IS 3 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1997)1:3<165::AID-FACT6>3.0.CO;2-W PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA WY382 UT WOS:A1997WY38200006 ER PT J AU Harden, CS Shoff, DB AF Harden, CS Shoff, DB TI Detection of methyl isocyanate in air with the use of hand-held ion mobility spectrometers SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ion mobility spectrometry; methyl isocyanate; hand-held detectors; ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry mass spectrometry; chemical agent monitor AB Methyl isocyanate (MIC), CH3NCO, is a relatively simple molecule, but ion mobility spectra derived from studies of this molecule are complex. MIC is known to polymerize, which would lead one to expect that proton-bound monomer, proton-bound dimer, and even larger proton-bound ions could be observed. Indeed, this is the case, and a number of other species can also be observed. In this case headspace above a relatively fresh (i.e., recently purchased) MIC sample was analyzed, and numerous peaks were observed in a single spectrum. Peak identities and intensities were, of course, concentration dependent. Over a range of concentrations, as many as 16 peaks were observed. IR(IS systems used for these studies included chemical agent monitors (both water and acetone chemistry), a miniaturized hand-herd IMS device (Mini-IMS) and an IMS-MS/MS instrument. Although ion mobility spectra are complex, it has been shown that hand-held IMS devices can be useful for detecting or monitoring airborne concentrations of this toxic and hazardous compound. IMS/MS/MS experimentation yielded some mass identifications, and possible ion compositions are proposed. Reduced ion mobility of H+(CH3NCO)(H2O)(n) was tentatively determined to be 1.91 +/- 0.02 cm2/V s. (C) 1997. C1 USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1997 VL 1 IS 5 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1997)1:5<285::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-T PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA XR327 UT WOS:A1997XR32700004 ER PT B AU Jenkins, TF Brar, GS Thorne, PG Walsh, ME Schumacher, PW Grant, CL Ranney, TA Stutz, MH AF Jenkins, TF Brar, GS Thorne, PG Walsh, ME Schumacher, PW Grant, CL Ranney, TA Stutz, MH GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Sampling error associated with collection and analysis of soil samples at explosives-contaminated sites SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB This study assessed short-range spatial heterogeneity of explosives concentrations in surface soils. Samples collected 61 cm apart were analyzed individually and as composites by both colorimetric onsite methods and standard laboratory protocols. Ten locations were sampled at four installations and the results were used to estimate the relative contributions of analytical and sampling error. The major contaminant at seven of the ten sampling locations was TNT while 2,4-DNT, HMX, and ammonium picrate (AP) were each the major contaminant at one of the other three. Results from colorimetric onsite analysis were in excellent agreement with laboratory results, particularly for TNT and HMX. For five sampling locations, enormous short-range spatial heterogeneity was encountered and sampling error overwhelmed analytical error.For the other five sampling locations, short-range concentration variations were less extreme and normal distribution statistics were used to fractionate total error variances. Standard deviations due to sampling were greater than those due to analysis by factors ranging from 2.6 to 22.9, whether on-site or laboratory analyses were used. Site characterization was substantially improved using a composite sampling strategy. Overall, characterization of explosives-contaminated sites using a combination of composite sampling, in-field sample homogenization, and on-site colorimetric analysis is an efficient method of obtaining accurate and precise results that are representative of the area sampled. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jenkins, TF (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 85 EP 94 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900008 ER PT B AU Hewitt, AD Lukash, NJE AF Hewitt, AD Lukash, NJE GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Rapid method for estimating the total concentration of volatile organic compounds in soil samples SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB This report describes an on-site method of estimating the total concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil, relative to a site-specific 0.2 mg/kg standard. The purpose of this decision tool is to allow on-site sampling activities to incorporate the appropriate soil sample collection and handling protocols necessary for high- and low-level gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Combining rapid on-site analysis with sampling procedures that limit substrate disaggregation and exposure improves efforts to achieve site-representative estimates for vadose zone contamination. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 386 EP 392 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900039 ER PT B AU Hewitt, AD AF Hewitt, AD GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Passive soil vapor versus grab samples for determining volatile organic compound concentrations SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB The GORE-SORBER Module, a passive soil vapor method, and the mean of two colocated grab samples handled and analyzed using an in-vial method were compared for estimating volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination in the near-surface vadose zone. The strong semi-log correlation between these two methods (r(2) = 0.944) and equally strong linear correlation for grab samples taken 15 cm apart (r(2) = 0.957) indicate 1) a fairly homogeneous distribution existed for this contaminant, and 2) that this passive soil vapor technology offers a promising means of estimating subsurface concentrations in locations where grab samples cannot be easily obtained. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 393 EP 397 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900040 ER PT B AU Robitaille, G Ruddle, M AF Robitaille, G Ruddle, M GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI SCAPS characterization of VOC contaminated sites SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA C1 USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Robitaille, G (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 443 EP 452 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900046 ER PT B AU Davis, WM Powell, JP Konecny, K Furey, J Thompson, CV Wise, M Robitaille, G AF Davis, WM Powell, JP Konecny, K Furey, J Thompson, CV Wise, M Robitaille, G GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Rapid in-situ determination of volatile organic contaminants in groundwater using the site characterization and analysis penetrometer system SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB Site characterization for subsurface contaminants is time consuming and costly. The Tri-Service Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) has been developed to reduce the time and cost required for site characterization. A technique has been developed and demonstrated that is capable of accessing groundwater, sparging VOC contaminants in-situ and analyzing the contaminant concentration using a field portable ion trap mass spectrometer. The results obtained with the SCAPS in-situ technique indicated a strong linear relationship with EPA Methods. C1 USA Engineers, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Davis, WM (reprint author), USA Engineers, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 464 EP 469 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900048 ER PT B AU Morgan, JC Adams, JW Ballard, JH AF Morgan, JC Adams, JW Ballard, JH GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Field demonstration of the SCAPS cone penetrometer gamma probe for rad-waste detection SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB A novel probe for the detection and identification of radionuclides has been developed by the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station under the sponsorship and combined effort of the Department of Energy for on-site characterization of the soil subsurface using the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS). The SCAPS is a rapid, in-field tool system of specialized subsurface sensors and samplers that provide a cost-effective means to characterize soil conditions. Soil penetration and analysis to depths of 50 m are possible in nominally compacted soils. The device uses a NaI scintillation crystal to detect gamma radiation in soil at the probe tip. The emitted gamma rays from radioactive waste that may be present are collected and analyzed to diagnose their identity and relative concentration. The design has been optimized and sensitivity limits are currently being investigated. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, IITRI WES Tech Grp, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Morgan, JC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, IITRI WES Tech Grp, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 600 EP 611 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900060 ER PT B AU Stutz, MB Jenkins, TF Robitaille, G AF Stutz, MB Jenkins, TF Robitaille, G GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Unevaluated site characterization "toolbox" SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB In todays economic environment, many facilities do not have the wherewithall to perform a traditional characterization in order to determine whether there site is contaminated. In addition, they may not have personnel with adequate knowledge as to what procedures to use or even the capability to determine what technologies are available. Many sites, either previously ignored or thought to be uncontaminated are now becoming subject to regulatory review, possibly as a result of changes in proposed use or reuse. With the tremendous advances in field portable technologies that can generate real-time measurement data as well as the development of innovative field analytical, sampling, and sample handling techniques, the tools are now available, or will soon be available, to allow for comparatively inexpensive site characterizations that meet regulatory requirements. The objective of this effort was to provide the procedures necessary to enhance a performers ability to determine contamination in a cost effective manner. It takes the form of a series of steps that include a) the performance of a preliminary assessment, b) the decision making process for selecting the appropriate options, c) the more detailed description of the options, and d) what to do with the results. C1 USA, Ctr Environm, SFIM, AEC,ETT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Stutz, MB (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm, SFIM, AEC,ETT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 658 EP 663 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900065 ER PT B AU Adams, JW Davis, WM Cespedes, ER Buttner, WJ Findlay, MW AF Adams, JW Davis, WM Cespedes, ER Buttner, WJ Findlay, MW GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Development of cone penetrometer electro-chemical sensor probes for chlorinated solvents and explosives SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB Electrochemical sensor technology has been successfully adapted for use as sensors in the cone penetrometer probes that are used to perform subsurface in situ soil contaminant identification with the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS). The SCAPS is a rapid, in-field tool system of specialized subsurface sensors and samplers that provide a cost-effective means to characterize soil conditions at depths of up to 50 m. Two contaminant-specific probes have been optimized to expand the capabilities of SCAPS. They are 1) an explosives probe, and 2) a probe for chlorinated hydrocarbon containing materials (RCl), primarily solvents. Early Versions of the SCAPS explosives probe have been used at four sites. Detailed laboratory assessment of thermal decomposition processes of explosive compounds has made it possible to distinguish the presence of nitroaromatic compounds from inorganic, nitrates that may also be present in explosive-contaminated soils. The RCl SCAPS probe is a soil vapor sensor that is selective for chlorinated compounds. The probe sensitivity is excellent. In situ soil vapor measurements made with this sensor correlate well with contaminant concentration measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The SCAPS RCl probe has been used at several sites to record TCE vapor levels between 10 and >10,000 ppm. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Adams, JW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 667 EP 670 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900066 ER PT B AU Miles, BH Cortes, J Cespedes, ER AF Miles, BH Cortes, J Cespedes, ER GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) detection of heavy metals using a cone penetrometer: System design and field investigation results SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) investigators have designed, fabricated and field tested a cone penetrometer sensor based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The patented LIES penetrometer design presented here is a useful tool in the detection, identification and delineation of heavy metals in soils in the vadose zone. The LIES penetrometer is forced into the ground using a hydraulic ram system mounted within the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) truck. The probe design relies on a recessed window geometry to avoid output window damage and a 80 millijoule Nd:YAG laser inside the probe to create the plasma. The probe design is discussed with particular emphasis on design tradeoffs, strengths and limitations of this design. The sensor was initially tested at WES and then immediately afterward at Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP), a chromium contaminated site, in August of 1996. These tests validated the recessed window design and the feasibility of a laser in the probe. Data are presented showing Chromium at depths up to 15.5 feet. Lead contamination data is presented from sensor tests at a small arms firing range at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi, Mississippi in September 1996. Probe pushes form the basis of a 3-D contaminant plume model of the subsurface at this site. Field test results to date indicate the LIES technique and the probe design described here can be used to successfully locate and identify heavy metals. Further work is expected to include utilization of approximate grain size data, provided by the soil classification portion of the probe, to account for grain size induced changes in the heavy metal emission peak magnitudes. Additional laboratory as well as field studies are needed to better characterize the effects of grain size and soil moisture on measurements and should allow for a more exact quantitative analysis. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miles, BH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 671 EP 680 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900067 ER PT B AU Swami, A Sadler, B AF Swami, A Sadler, B BE Viberg, M Cardoso, JF TI Modulation classification via hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis SO FIRST IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP ON SIGNAL PROCESSING ADVANCES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC 97) CY APR 16-18, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, Ecole Natl Super Telecommun, NSF, ONR AB Automatic recognition of digital modulation schemes (identification of the symbol constellation) is increasingly important in both overt and covert operations. Previous ap preaches have exploited specific characteristics of the signaling schemes in order to distinguish between members of a limited set of constellation types. When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high, the received symbol sequence (i.e., after carrier, timing, and baseband recovery) forms natural clusters in the I-Q plane; hence, the clusters can be easily detected. This is the basis of pattern (template) matching schemes. However, the situation is not so nice when SNR is low, or in the presence of carrier and phase offsets and inter-symbol interference. We propose to use a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis algorithm (HACA) which, for a specified number of clusters, will yield the virtual constellation which best describes the data. The number of clusters can be estimated from plots of the cluster separation distance. By proper choice of the dissimilarity measure used in HACA, problems due to frequency offset and phase jitter can be handled. We note that a specific advantage of HACA is that it can be used to detect an unknown constellation. Pattern matching schemes can also be used to decide between different constellations with the same number of symbols and the virtual constellation estimated by HACA. Preliminary classification can be accomplished by using elementary higher-order statistics (HOS). Simulation results illustrating the performance of the proposed algorithms are included. RP Swami, A (reprint author), ARMY RES LAB,TA,IS,AMSRL,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3944-4 PY 1997 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1109/SPAWC.1997.630180 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJ68Z UT WOS:A1997BJ68Z00036 ER PT S AU Liu, J Morton, DC Miller, MR Li, Y Forsythe, EW Tompa, GS AF Liu, J Morton, DC Miller, MR Li, Y Forsythe, EW Tompa, GS BE Fulks, RT Parsons, GN Slobodin, DE Yuzuriha, TH TI Development of high-efficiency Zn2SiO4:Mn thin films for flat panel cathodoluminescent displays SO FLAT PANEL DISPLAY MATERIALS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flat Panel Display Materials and Large-Area Processes, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 03, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Komatsu Technol, Corning Inc, Dow Chem Co, dpiX, Eastman Kodak Co, Sharp Microelectr Technol Inc, Xerox Corp AB Zn2SiO4:Mn thin films were deposited and studied as thin film phosphors for flat panel cathodoluminescent displays. Crystallized films with improved electrical conductivity were obtained after conventional and rapid thermal annealings in a Na environment at 850-1100 degrees C for 0.25 to 60 minutes. A maximum cathodoluminescent efficiency of 1.3 Lm/V was achieved under dc excitation at 1500 volts. The luminescent emission from these thin films was peaked around 525 nm. The decay time of these films was controlled in the range of 2 to 10 ins by varying the deposition and annealing parameters. The fast response time of these thin films overcomes the long decay limitation of the Zn2SiO4:Mn powder phosphor in practical display applications. RP Liu, J (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,SENSORS & ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-375-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 471 BP 305 EP 311 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ69K UT WOS:A1997BJ69K00045 ER PT B AU Dixon, JR AF Dixon, JR GP ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS TI Task Force Based Floodplain Management partnerships SO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-FACETED WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers on Floodplain Management in a Multifaceted World CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Assoc State Floodplain Management, Arkansas Soil & Water Conservat Commiss, Fed Emergency Management Agcy C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Dixon, JR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CTR PI BOULDER PA INSTITUTE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CAMPUS BOX 482 UNIVERSITY COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309-0482 USA PY 1997 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BL77Z UT WOS:000076708700007 ER PT B AU Greenup, R AF Greenup, R GP ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS TI Flood hazard mitigation plan for the five-parish area of Assumption, Lafourche, Lower St. Martin, St. Mary, and Terrebonne SO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-FACETED WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers on Floodplain Management in a Multifaceted World CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Assoc State Floodplain Management, Arkansas Soil & Water Conservat Commiss, Fed Emergency Management Agcy C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Greenup, R (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CTR PI BOULDER PA INSTITUTE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CAMPUS BOX 482 UNIVERSITY COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309-0482 USA PY 1997 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BL77Z UT WOS:000076708700012 ER PT B AU Brown, L AF Brown, L GP ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS TI Flood preparedness planning: Lafayette Parish, Louisiana SO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-FACETED WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers on Floodplain Management in a Multifaceted World CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Assoc State Floodplain Management, Arkansas Soil & Water Conservat Commiss, Fed Emergency Management Agcy C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Brown, L (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CTR PI BOULDER PA INSTITUTE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CAMPUS BOX 482 UNIVERSITY COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309-0482 USA PY 1997 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BL77Z UT WOS:000076708700013 ER PT B AU Wingate, MR AF Wingate, MR GP ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS TI Hydrology and hydraulics master planning for the Chitimacha Indian Tribe SO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-FACETED WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers on Floodplain Management in a Multifaceted World CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Assoc State Floodplain Management, Arkansas Soil & Water Conservat Commiss, Fed Emergency Management Agcy C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Wingate, MR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CTR PI BOULDER PA INSTITUTE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CAMPUS BOX 482 UNIVERSITY COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309-0482 USA PY 1997 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BL77Z UT WOS:000076708700022 ER PT B AU Bonner, V Brunner, G Evans, T AF Bonner, V Brunner, G Evans, T GP ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS TI A GIS interface to HEC-RAS SO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-FACETED WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers on Floodplain Management in a Multifaceted World CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Assoc State Floodplain Management, Arkansas Soil & Water Conservat Commiss, Fed Emergency Management Agcy C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hydrol Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Bonner, V (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hydrol Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CTR PI BOULDER PA INSTITUTE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CAMPUS BOX 482 UNIVERSITY COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309-0482 USA PY 1997 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BL77Z UT WOS:000076708700035 ER PT B AU Robinson, RK Orth, KD Hansen, WJ AF Robinson, RK Orth, KD Hansen, WJ GP ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS TI ECO-EASY: Cost-effectiveness and incremental-cost analyses software for environmental planning SO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-FACETED WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers on Floodplain Management in a Multifaceted World CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Assoc State Floodplain Management, Arkansas Soil & Water Conservat Commiss, Fed Emergency Management Agcy C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Robinson, RK (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CTR PI BOULDER PA INSTITUTE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CAMPUS BOX 482 UNIVERSITY COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309-0482 USA PY 1997 BP 309 EP 313 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BL77Z UT WOS:000076708700045 ER PT B AU Orth, KD Robinson, RK Hansen, WJ AF Orth, KD Robinson, RK Hansen, WJ GP ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS TI A framework to assist with multifaceted floodplain investment decisions SO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-FACETED WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers on Floodplain Management in a Multifaceted World CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Assoc State Floodplain Management, Arkansas Soil & Water Conservat Commiss, Fed Emergency Management Agcy C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Orth, KD (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CTR PI BOULDER PA INSTITUTE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CAMPUS BOX 482 UNIVERSITY COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309-0482 USA PY 1997 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BL77Z UT WOS:000076708700046 ER PT B AU Hansen, MJ Robinson, RK Skaggs, LL AF Hansen, MJ Robinson, RK Skaggs, LL GP ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS ASSOC STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS TI Environmental planning research at the US Army Corps of Engineers: The Evaluation of Environmental Investments Research Program SO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-FACETED WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers on Floodplain Management in a Multifaceted World CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR SP Assoc State Floodplain Management, Arkansas Soil & Water Conservat Commiss, Fed Emergency Management Agcy C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CTR PI BOULDER PA INSTITUTE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE CAMPUS BOX 482 UNIVERSITY COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309-0482 USA PY 1997 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BL77Z UT WOS:000076708700047 ER PT B AU Henry, KS Stark, JA AF Henry, KS Stark, JA GP PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE OF XIV ICSMFE TI Geosynthetic barriers to prevent poisoning of waterfowl SO FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering CY SEP 06-12, 1997 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY AB The feasibility of using geosynthetics to cover contaminated pond sediments and prevent waterfowl access to them was studied. Geosynthetic barriers were placed in ponds, the water above them was vigorously stirred, and the barriers were loaded by dropping a mass onto them to determine their ability to retain sediment below them and withstand damage. The barriers reduced the amount of sediment resuspended during stir and loading tests by at least 30%, and sustained no damage. Thus, they can probably prevent waterfowl from accessing and eating toxic particles contained in the sediment below them. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Henry, KS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-894-0 PY 1997 BP 1819 EP 1822 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BK70V UT WOS:000073134500096 ER PT S AU Catalano, GD Catalano, KC AF Catalano, GD Catalano, KC GP EP INNOVATIONS TI Transformation: From teacher-centered to student-centered engineering education SO FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION 1997 - 27TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, BOLS I - III SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Education - Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change (FIE 97) CY NOV 05-08, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE Educ Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Soc Engn Educ, Educ Res & Methods Div, Univ Pittsburgh AB A student-centered approach to engineering education is presented. Roles for the instructor/professor wishing to employ the student-centered model are identified and examples are given. Case studies from a Research I institution and a federal service academy are provided. RP Catalano, GD (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & MECH,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4087-6 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1997 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BJ93M UT WOS:A1997BJ93M00025 ER PT S AU Murtagh, J Sobiesk, E AF Murtagh, J Sobiesk, E GP EP INNOVATIONS TI Exploring the ethical, legal, and social aspects of the computing discipline SO FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION 1997 - 27TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, BOLS I - III SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Education - Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change (FIE 97) CY NOV 05-08, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE Educ Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Soc Engn Educ, Educ Res & Methods Div, Univ Pittsburgh AB Computer science professionals must be prepared to handle ethical, in addition to technical, challenges. Situations in industry demand this - and the Computer Science Accreditation Board (CSAB) requires that undergraduate programs address it. This paper describes a course which helps prepare students to face these ethical challenges. CS 400, Computer Science Seminar, is a one credit hour graded course taken by our computer science majors in their last semester of undergraduate study. The course addresses the ethical, legal, and social aspects of the computing discipline. Students are exposed to some of the ethical challenges they might face in their careers as computer scientists through case studies, assigned journal readings, and guest speakers. We also discuss graduate study in computer science, membership in professional societies and the importance of reading journals to stay current in this fast-moving field. This paper presents an overview and then describes the implementation of this seminar program. RP Murtagh, J (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT COMP SCI & ELECT ENGN,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4087-6 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1997 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BJ93M UT WOS:A1997BJ93M00104 ER PT S AU Ruocco, AS Dixon, RS AF Ruocco, AS Dixon, RS GP EP INNOVATIONS TI A multidisciplinary capstone teaching model - An integrated, multilevel, intradisciplinary engineering design approach SO FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION 1997 - 27TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, BOLS I - III SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Education - Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change (FIE 97) CY NOV 05-08, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE Educ Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Soc Engn Educ, Educ Res & Methods Div, Univ Pittsburgh AB This paper presents the design of a curricular program that meets the educational needs of an interdisciplinary student cohort (e.g. where many are not majoring in any engineering discipline) through courses with intradisiplinary involvement between different stages in the instructional sequence. It proposes a curricular paradigm which allows students to work in groups on a single, large, real-world problem over multiple terms. Students from senior level courses act as the group leaders/mentors for student groups from lower level courses. This teaching method will provide the student with an engineering design experience more consistent with his/her eventual real-world experience than more traditional curricular paradigms have allowed. RP Ruocco, AS (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4087-6 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1997 BP 1011 EP 1014 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BJ93M UT WOS:A1997BJ93M00233 ER PT S AU Catalano, GD AF Catalano, GD GP EP INNOVATIONS TI Greening the engineering curriculum: Reflections upon possibilities SO FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION 1997 - 27TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, BOLS I - III SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Education - Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change (FIE 97) CY NOV 05-08, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE Educ Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Soc Engn Educ, Educ Res & Methods Div, Univ Pittsburgh AB Ideas on nurturing an environmental, awareness in tomorrow's engineers are discussed. Topics include engineering professional codes of conduct, valuing the natural world, and connecting to nature through the creative arts. RP Catalano, GD (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & MECH,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4087-6 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1997 BP 1087 EP 1089 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BJ93M UT WOS:A1997BJ93M00251 ER PT S AU Carver, CA Stone, G Powell, C AF Carver, CA Stone, G Powell, C GP EP INNOVATIONS TI Developing reusable multimedia tutorials SO FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION 1997 - 27TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, BOLS I - III SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Education - Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change (FIE 97) CY NOV 05-08, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE Educ Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Soc Engn Educ, Educ Res & Methods Div, Univ Pittsburgh AB This paper addresses the development of a reusable multimedia tutorial. Like all large organizations, the United States Army is constantly developing new software. One such project, the Warfighter's Simulation 2000 (WARSIM 2000) project is being developed to replace existing legacy constructive simulation packages with a single integrated command and control constructive simulation package. This will fundamentally change how the Army conducts constructive simulation training and as such, the National Simulation Center and Simulation and Instrumentation Command developed a multimedia tutorial to highlight the differences between existing constructive military simulations and the emerging WARSIM 2000 software package. Similar packages such as the Standard Army Training System Training Exercise Development System Multimedia Tutorial and Combined Arms Tactical Trainer Multimedia Trainer had been previously developed. But instead of developing another multimedia tutorial for a single application, a multimedia tutorial was developed that could be easily adapted for other multimedia tutorials and provided for user adaptation, knowledge assessment, and information presentation using commonly available software tools. This ability to reuse software components and easily substitute source materials provides an attractive and cost-effective alternative to the typical, time-extensive development cycle of multimedia software development. RP Carver, CA (reprint author), NATL SIMULAT CTR,FT LEAVENWORTH,KS 66027, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4087-6 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1997 BP 1402 EP 1406 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BJ93M UT WOS:A1997BJ93M00330 ER PT B AU Otooni, MA Atkinson, JF Brown, IG AF Otooni, MA Atkinson, JF Brown, IG BE Shiota, I Miyamoto, Y TI Thermoelectrically modulated nanoscale multilayered gradient materials for application in the electromagnetic gun systems SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials (FGM 96) CY OCT 21-24, 1996 CL AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Soc Non Tradit Technol, FGM Forum, Sci & Technol Agcy, Japan HO AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR AB Analysis of fired rails from electromagnetic railguns indicates severe surface damage occurs due to high current arcing and tribological mismatch. We have explored the behavior of several nanoscale multilayered materials as possible routes to improve the thermomechanical properties of the rail and armature materials Structures investigated include (i) Ti-Co alloy on Ta-Cu alloy on die (diamond-like carbon) on stainless steel; (ii) Ti-Co alloy on Ta-Cu alloy on die on Cu, (iii) Ti-Co alloy on Ta-Cu on Cu; and (iv) Ti-Co on Ta-Cu alloy on Al The alloys were all 50:50 at% and film thicknesses were in the range 400-1000 Angstrom. The films were formed using a repetitively pulsed vacuum are plasma deposition method with substrate biasing-and IBAD-like techniques. The surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, optical microscopy, microhardness measurements, arc erosion resistance and scratch resistance tests. Preliminary results show improvement in the microhardness, are erosion resistance and scratch resistance, most especially for the dlc-coated surfaces. This kind of multilayered approach to the fabrication of electromagnetic railgun and armature surfaces could be important for future advanced Electromagnetic EM Gun systems. RP Otooni, MA (reprint author), USA,ARMAMENT RES DEV & ENGN CTR,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82548-7 PY 1997 BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1016/B978-044482548-3/50112-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BJ82W UT WOS:A1997BJ82W00111 ER PT J AU Dodd, DE Kinkead, ER Wolfe, RE Leahy, HF English, JH Vinegar, A AF Dodd, DE Kinkead, ER Wolfe, RE Leahy, HF English, JH Vinegar, A TI Acute and subchronic inhalation studies on trifluoroiodomethane vapor in Fischer 344 rats SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE AB Trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) is being considered as a replacement compound for halon fire suppressants. Its structure is similar to that of Halon 1301 (CF3Br), but it has very low ozone depletion potential compared to CF3Br. As part of the process of developing environmental and health effects criteria, acute, 2-week, and 13-week nose-only inhalation toxicity studies were conducted in Fischer 344 rats. In the acute study, three groups of 30 male rats each were ex-posed to 0 (control), 0.5, or 1.0% (v/v) CF3I for 4 hr and euthanized immediately following exposure, 3 days postexposure, or 14 days postexposure. There were no deaths and no clinical signs of toxicity throughout the study. Histopathologic examination of select tissues showed no lesions of pathologic significance. In the 2-week study, four groups of 5 male rats each were exposed for 2 hr/day, 5 days/week to 0, 3, 6, or 12% CF3I. No deaths were observed, though lethargy and slight incoordination were noted in rats of the 6 and 12% groups at the conclusion of each daily exposure. Mean body weight gains were depressed in rats of the 6 and 12% groups. Serum thyroglobulin and reverse T-3 (rT(3)) values were increased at all exposure levels. At necropsy, no gross lesions or differences in absolute or relative organ weights were noted. Histopathologic examination of the thyroid and parathyroid glands indicated no morphological abnormalities in the CF3I-exposed rats. In the 13-week study, four groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were exposed to 0, 2, 4, or 8% CF3I 2 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. Rats exposed to 4 or 8% CF3I had lower mean body weights than the controls. Deaths observed in the 2 and 8% groups were attributed to accidents resulting from the restraint system employed. Hematologic alterations were minimal and considered insignificant. Increases in the frequency of micronucleated bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in rats of all three CF3I groups. Serum chemistry alterations observed in rats of all CF3I exposure groups included decreases in T-3 and increases in thyroglobulin, rT(3), T-4, and TSH. Relative organ weight increases (8% CF3I group) occurred in the brain, liver, and thyroid glands; decreases were observed in the thymus and testes. A decrease in relative thymus weights and an increase in relative thyroid weights were observed also in rats of the 2 and 4% groups. Histopathological findings included a mild inflammation in the nasal turbinates of rats exposed to 4 or 8% CF3I, mild atrophy and degeneration of the testes (4 and 8% CF3I groups), and a mild increase in thyroid follicular colloid content in rats of all CF3I exposure groups. Though NOAELs were observed far select target organs (e.g., nasal turbinates, testes), NOAELs were not apparent in all target organs examined (e.g., thyroid glands, bone marrow). (C) 1997 Society of Toxicology. C1 USA,MED RES UNIT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,DAYTON,OH 45433. RP Dodd, DE (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,POB 31009,DAYTON,OH 45437, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 64 EP 77 DI 10.1006/faat.1996.2260 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA WE862 UT WOS:A1997WE86200007 PM 9024674 ER PT J AU Stormont, JC Henry, KS Evans, TM AF Stormont, JC Henry, KS Evans, TM TI Water retention functions of four nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles SO GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE geotextile; water entry suction; water retention function; capillary rise; capillary barrier AB The water retention functions of four nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles were measured. Each of the four geotextile types were tested in two conditions: new and cleaned. The water retention functions of each geotextile specimen were found to be hysteretic. The new geotextile specimens always contained more water at comparable suction heads than the cleaned geotextile specimens. At zero suction head, the new specimens approached saturation, whereas the cleaned specimens were less than 20% saturated. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. GeoSyntec Consultants, Huntington Beach, CA 92648 USA. RP Stormont, JC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Evans, T. Matthew/H-1185-2015 OI Evans, T. Matthew/0000-0002-8457-7602 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU INDUSTRIAL FABRICS ASSOC INT PI ST PAUL PA 1801 COUNTY ROAD B W, ST PAUL, MN 55113-4052 USA SN 1072-6349 J9 GEOSYNTH INT JI Geosynth. Int. PY 1997 VL 4 IS 6 BP 661 EP 672 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology; Materials Science GA YT868 UT WOS:000071653100005 ER PT B AU Valdes, JJ Goode, MT Brubaker, RR Motin, VL Boyleston, WH Chambers, JP AF Valdes, JJ Goode, MT Brubaker, RR Motin, VL Boyleston, WH Chambers, JP BE Wise, DL TI Detection of bacterial DNA sequences via oligonucleotide-based biosensors SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Biotechnology on Global Environmental Biotechnology Approaching the Year 2000 CY JUL 15-20, 1996 CL NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA SP Int Soc Environm Biotechnol, NE Univ, Centennial Celebrat, Coll Engn, US DOE, Off Hlth & Environm Res, Off Energy Res, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Sea Grant Program, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, US Dept Def, USA Res Off, Chem & Biol Div, USA Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr HO NORTHEASTERN UNIV C1 USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Valdes, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Motin, Vladimir/O-1535-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 341 EP 345 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK47P UT WOS:000072298000030 ER PT B AU Markowski, MJ Sethi, AS AF Markowski, MJ Sethi, AS GP IEEE TI Real-time wireless communication using splitting protocols SO GLOBECOM 97 - IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 97) CY NOV 03-08, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE AB Addressing the problem of packet transmission in a wireless soft real-time system, we present five splitting protocols that take packet deadlines into account. We show, as in the case of non real-time splitting algorithms, that blocked access versions offer higher success rates than free access ones. Of the two best performing blocked access protocols, performance under moderate to heavy loads further shows the superiority of the Sliding Partition CRA over the Two Cell CRA. RP Markowski, MJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4199-6 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 1997 BP 1621 EP 1625 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJ90L UT WOS:A1997BJ90L00309 ER PT B AU Lunardini, VJ AF Lunardini, VJ BE Knutsson, S TI Thawing of frozen soil with a linearly increasing surface temperature SO GROUND FREEZING 97: FROST ACTION IN SOILS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ground Freezing and Frost Action in Soils CY APR 15-17, 1997 CL LULEA, SWEDEN AB The Neumann solution, valid for a surface temperature that instantaneously increases, has been used for many years to estimate freeze/thaw depths. If the surface temperature varies with time, the Neumann solution can be used with an equivalent surface temperature. This can give reliable results for the total depth of freeze/thaw, but is significantly in error at intermediate times. An analytic solution to the problem with the surface temperature increasing linearly with time is presented here and compared to the results predicted by the Neumann solution. If the Stefan number is small, the growth of the thawed zone is nearly linear in time, but as the Stefan increases, it become increasingly nonlinear. The Neumann solution greatly exaggerates the thermal changes during the early growth and underpredicts them during the latter part of the warming. These results can lead to significant errors in calculating the effects of warming on frozen ground. RP Lunardini, VJ (reprint author), USA CRREL,APPL RES DIV,HANOVER,NH, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-872-X PY 1997 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ04M UT WOS:A1997BJ04M00016 ER PT B AU Nakano, Y AF Nakano, Y BE Knutsson, S TI A mathematical model called M-1 and the Gilpin model of soil freezing SO GROUND FREEZING 97: FROST ACTION IN SOILS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ground Freezing and Frost Action in Soils CY APR 15-17, 1997 CL LULEA, SWEDEN AB The property of a frozen fringe described by the Gilpin model is studied analytically when an ice layer is growing. The frozen fringe described by the Gilpin model is shown to be essentially one special case of the model M-1 introduced by Nakano in 1990. By comparing the behavior of the Gilpin's frozen fringe with experimental data of two kinds of porous media, we show that the Gilpin model is too restrictive to accurately describe their behavior. RP Nakano, Y (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-872-X PY 1997 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ04M UT WOS:A1997BJ04M00018 ER PT B AU Henry, KS Holtz, RD AF Henry, KS Holtz, RD BE Knutsson, S TI Capillary rise of water in geotextiles SO GROUND FREEZING 97: FROST ACTION IN SOILS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ground Freezing and Frost Action in Soils CY APR 15-17, 1997 CL LULEA, SWEDEN AB Capillary barriers can reduce frost heave in soils when they are placed above the water table and below the depth of freezing. Past guidance for the use of granular capillary barriers suggests that they should be thicker than the height of capillary rise of water in them. However, a review of capillary physics indicates that a porous material can be a capillary barrier when its base is placed above the water table at a distance greater than the capillary rise of water in it. We tested this idea experimentally and present results that support it. We also tested the effects on geotextile capillary behavior of 1) rinsing in water and 2) adding fine soil particles. We measured the capillary rise of water in geotextiles subjected to one of four treatments, then placed specimens of geotextiles subjected to the same treatments in dry soil columns, and gradually raised the water table until the soil above the geotextile became moist through capillary action. The distance between the water table and the geotextile when moisture breakthrough occurred was compared to the capillary rise in the geotextiles. Geotextiles that were rinsed then dried exhibited no capillary rise and even capillary depression. Geotextiles that were rinsed first, dried, and then had fine soil particles placed into their pores exhibited capillary rise, probably because the soil particles clung to the fibers and changed fiber wettability, rather than significantly changing the pore sizes. This suggests that geotextile capillary barriers may lose effectiveness when soil particles become emplaced in them. This could be mitigated by using either geotextiles with increased thickness or smaller pore sizes, or both, or geocomposite capillary barriers. RP Henry, KS (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-872-X PY 1997 BP 227 EP 233 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ04M UT WOS:A1997BJ04M00031 ER PT B AU Danyluk, LS Ketcham, SA AF Danyluk, LS Ketcham, SA BE Knutsson, S TI Deformation of a retaining wall by ground freezing SO GROUND FREEZING 97: FROST ACTION IN SOILS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ground Freezing and Frost Action in Soils CY APR 15-17, 1997 CL LULEA, SWEDEN AB Field measurements were made of the horizontal movement of a large retaining wall in Hopkinton, NH, USA. The reinforced concrete retaining wall is part of an earthen dike on the downstream side of an earth-filled dam. The dike is used to separate an existing wood-cribbed dam and its associated forebay pool from the outlet channel of the earth dam. The wall, completed in 1963, is 71 m long and varies in height from 5.7 to 10.7 m. Previous surveys have indicated that outward displacements at the top of the wall occur during the winter and rebound partially during the spring. Observations of the wall show severe, permanent deformation. The owner of the dam-the US Army Engineer Division, New England-is concerned about the stability of the wall and plans on doing remedial work shortly. Prior to the 1995-96 winter season, the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory installed various sensors on and behind the wall to continuously measure these displacements and to provide information for the repair strategy. The measurements indicate that the movement is frost related. Horizontal movement at the top of the wall of 20 mm, and increased earth pressure behind the wall of almost 200 kPa, were measured during the period of frost penetration. As the frost subsided in the spring, the earth pressure approached pre-winter values. Although the displacement at the top of the wall did rebound, it did not recover completely. This paper will present and discuss data recorded during the 1995-96 winter. These will include temperatures on the face of the wall, as well as the soil behind it, pressure between the wall and backfill material, lateral displacement at the top of the wall, and the angle of rotation along the face of the wall. RP Danyluk, LS (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-872-X PY 1997 BP 421 EP 426 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BJ04M UT WOS:A1997BJ04M00063 ER PT B AU Hsieh, BB AF Hsieh, BB BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI Quantitative analysis of calibration performance and simulation reliability in groundwater model SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB A system response approach which uses Fourier transform through a multiple-input/single-output (MISO) nonlinear system to evaluate the groundwater numerical model performance of calibration and simulation reliability has been developed. This approach offers more insight into the actual physical behavior than the traditional statistical method does. To improve simulation reliability, a computational procedure was derived to examine model sensitivity and reduce uncertainty. The application showed that this approach proved to be an excellent tool for quantitatively evaluating the model performance and obtaining more reliable simulation results. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, BB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000041 ER PT B AU Holland, JP AF Holland, JP BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI Development of environmental quality modeling and simulation systems for the US Department of Defense SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB The U.S. Army is the lead within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) modeling and simulation (M&S) tool science and technology development in support of environmental quality (EQ). This research and development is led for the Army by the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES). WES is an international leader in EQ M&S for groundwater, estuaries, reservoirs, rivers, watersheds, and wetlands. Described below are a series of WES-developed M&S tools that directly support EQ. In addition, the technology and knowledge gaps that must be overcome in order to achieve the levels of EQ modeling technology required by DoD are overviewed. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Holland, JP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000052 ER PT B AU Richards, DR Jones, NL AF Richards, DR Jones, NL BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI A conceptual model approach to modeling groundwater with GMS SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB A conceptual model approach to groundwater modeling has been implemented in the Department of Defense Groundwater Modeling System (GMS). This new approach to handling human interaction with GMS is based on the engineer or scientist visualizing the hydrogeologic conceptual model on the computer screen and then having the computer develop the numerical model. A single conceptual model is used to generate a Variety of groundwater models, both finite-element and finite-difference. The development seeks to drastically increase modeling efficiency and eliminate much of the tedium involved in data entry. Additionally, several different types of numerical models can be developed from a single application to check their results and their applicability to the problem. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Richards, DR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000053 ER PT B AU Schmidt, JH Roig, LC AF Schmidt, JH Roig, LC BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI The adaptive hydrology (ADH) model: a flow and transport model for coupled surface water - Groundwater analyses SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res ID POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATORS; 2ND-ORDER ELLIPTIC-SYSTEMS AB The ADH model for coupled surface water and groundwater flow and transport is designed to be robust for a variety of basin scale hydrologic processes. Unique features of the model include the following: 1) Galerkin/least squares formulation; 2) internal error indication; 3) h-adaptivity; 4) tracking of the lateral free boundary between the flooded and drained portions of the surface flow domain; 5) internal subdomain data structures designed for separate bookkeeping across processors; and 6) implementation within the Groundwater Modeling System graphical user interface. C1 USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000060 ER PT B AU Talbot, CA Richards, DR Brown, CJ Stephens, GT Anderson, GA AF Talbot, CA Richards, DR Brown, CJ Stephens, GT Anderson, GA BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI A procedure for modeling groundwater impacts of dredged material facilities SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB Dredged material disposal facilities, also known as confined disposal facilities (CDFs), are necessary to store dredged sediments from the nation's waterways. These dredged sediments may be contaminated with toxic chemicals from years of industrial activities that could endanger surface and groundwater drinking water supplies. As a result, regulatory agencies are increasingly requesting the use of 3D numerical groundwater models to determine the impacts of the CDF on surface and groundwater resources. A numerical modeling approach is presented that has proven useful at two Corps of Engineers sites and could be applied at others as well. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Talbot, CA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000062 ER PT B AU Maier, RS Holland, JP Peters, JF AF Maier, RS Holland, JP Peters, JF BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI A least-squares procedure for identifying boundary conditions consistent with water table elevation SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB A least-squares procedure for calibrating boundary conditions to obtain steady state pressure distributions consistent with known water-table elevations is presented. The procedure is applied to a model problem and evaluated for different choices of the regularization parameter. C1 Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Maier, RS (reprint author), Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, 1100 Washington Ave So, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000067 ER PT B AU Tracy, FT AF Tracy, FT BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI Evaluation of the Non-Isothermal/Thermal Unsaturated/Saturated Flow and Transport (NUFT) code using analytical solutions SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB The Non-isothermal / Thermal Unsaturated / Saturated Flow and Transport (NUFT) code is a suite of 3-D multi-phase, multi-component models for numerical solution of non-isothermal flow and transport in porous media. These distinct models are imbedded in a single code in order to utilize a common set of utility routines and input file format. One of the first stages in testing such a computer program is to examine the performance of the numerical solutions by comparing them to analytical solutions. This paper describes test problems for unsaturated flow and two-phase flow and how well NUFT modeled them. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tracy, FT (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 427 EP 432 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000070 ER PT B AU Kasper, EF Haworth, LA Szoboszlay, ZP King, RD Halmos, ZL AF Kasper, EF Haworth, LA Szoboszlay, ZP King, RD Halmos, ZL BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Effects of in-flight field of view restriction on rotorcraft pilot head movement SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE helicopters; field-of-view; pilot workload; visionic systems; night-vision devices; pilot performance; helmet-mounted displays AB The work reported in this paper examines the effect of restricting visual field-of-view(FOV) on rotorcraft pilot head movement. To simulate the FOVs of current and future helmet mounted displays (HMDs) used for night vision pilotage, a FOV restrictor was attached to the helmets of the test subject pilots. The restrictor limited horizontal FOV to 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20 degrees. Ten test subject pilots executed a set of low altitude flight maneuvers in an instrumented NAH-1S helicopter at the NASA Crows' Landing Airfield. Head movement was measured with an infrared head tracker for those pilots who flew in the rear seat and by a video camera for those who flew in the front seat. Test data indicated that pilots responded to restrictions in horizontal FOV by changing their pattern of head movement, both in azimuth and elevation. These compensation strategies change as FOV decreases and vary from pilot to pilot. Test results reported in this paper, in conjunction with referenced data outlining FOV effects on flight performance, handling qualities, and visual cue ratings, give visionic system designers and users predictive information on pilot workload and performance. RP Kasper, EF (reprint author), USA,AVIAT RES DEV & ENGN CTR,NASA,ROTORCRAFT DIV,AEROFLIGHTDYNAM DIRECTORATE,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.276658 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00004 ER PT B AU Braithwaite, MG Durnford, SJ AF Braithwaite, MG Durnford, SJ BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Novel flight instrument display to minimize the risk of spatial disorientation SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE spatial disorientation; instrument displays; helicopter AB This novel flight instrument display presents information to the pilot in a simple and easily comprehensible format by integrating the five orientational flight parameters (aircraft attitude, airspeed, altitude, rate of climb or descent and aircraft heading). It allows the pilot to select specific orientation parameters and then follow a simple tracking task which ensures that these parameters are maintained or, if necessary, recovered. The pilot can at any time check any parameter he wishes, but is free from the requirement to continually sample and combine information from the traditional instruments to maintain stable flight. Cognitive workload to maintain orientation is thus reduced. Our assessment of the display in a UH-60 helicopter simulator showed that the novel display makes recovery from unusual aircraft attitudes and instrument flying easier than when using the standard instrument panel. RP Braithwaite, MG (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,POB 620577,FT RUCKER,AL 36362, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.276654 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00015 ER PT B AU Girolamo, H Darty, M Wessling, F AF Girolamo, H Darty, M Wessling, F BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Maintenance and repair support system (MARSS) SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The Maintenance and Repair Support System (MARSS) is a new, revolutionary platform for mobile computing and communications designed for the soldier operating on the digital battlefield of the future. MARSS is the first major research and development program that addresses the issues of mounting mobile computing apparatus directly onto the human body and represents an important leap forward toward hands free man-machine interface. The goal of the program was to develop a system capable of workstation level performance in a package that fits comfortably with the human body and enhances the user's ability to perform complex tasks that would otherwise require extensive learning and time to accomplish. The MARSS system uses advanced micro-optical displays such as the Active Matrix Electroluminescent (AMEL) image source for near real time video display across a spectrum of rugged environmental conditions. The MARSS system has evaluated by U.S. Army maintainers and represents a dual use technology that can benefit both military and commercial users. The MARSS effort is a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) program in collaboration with the U. S. Army Soldier Systems Command (SSCOM) executed by McDonnell Douglas under SSCOM contract number DAAK60-95-C2029. RP Girolamo, H (reprint author), USA,SOLDIER SYST COMMAND,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1117/12.276639 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00017 ER PT B AU Perconti, P AF Perconti, P BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Noise limited resolution of the advanced helicopter Pilotage helmet mounted display and image intensified camera SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE noise limited resolution; helmet mounted display; image intensified camera AB The Advanced Helicopter Pilotage (AHP) program is developing a wide field-of-view, night and adverse weather vision system for helicopter navigation and obstacle avoidance. The AHP hardware consists of a second generation thermal sensor, a high definition image intensified camera, and a helmet mounted display (HMD). The specifications for next generation night vision sensors require through the system (sensor and display) performance measures. As such, particular importance is given to the quantification of limiting resolution at operationally relevant illumination levels rather than measures performed under typical laboratory illumination. In this paper, descriptions of the AHP HMD and image intensified camera are given, and the measured modulation transfer function of the HMD is reported. Also covered are the results of noise limited resolution testing of the AHP HMD and image intensified camera. A comparison of MTF and noise limited resolution measures, made under the appropriate illumination, using a Dage HR-2000 monitor is presented. RP Perconti, P (reprint author), USA,NIGHT VIS & ELECT SENSORS DIRECTORATE,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 254 EP 263 DI 10.1117/12.276646 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00025 ER PT B AU McLean, WE Rash, CE McEntire, J Braithwaite, MG Mora, JC AF McLean, WE Rash, CE McEntire, J Braithwaite, MG Mora, JC BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI A performance history of AN/PVS-5 and ANVIS image intensification systems in US Army aviation SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB In 1973, the Department of the Army adopted night vision devices for use in aviation. Known as the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggle (NVG), these devices, which are based on the principle of image intensification (I-2), have become the mainstay for the aviator's capability to operate during periods of low illumination, i.e., at night. In the 26 years that have followed, a number of engineering advancements have improved greatly the performance of these devices. The current version, using 3(rd) generation I-2 technology, is known as the Aviator's Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS). The performances histories of NVGs and ANVIS are presented with an emphasis on visual and biodynamic issues which have, and do, affect aviator mission effectiveness and safety. RP McLean, WE (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,FT RUCKER,AL 36362, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 264 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.276647 PG 35 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00026 ER PT J AU Baumstark, AL MichelenaBaez, E Navarro, AM Banks, HD AF Baumstark, AL MichelenaBaez, E Navarro, AM Banks, HD TI Epoxidation by dimethyldioxirane: Kinetics for cis-alkenes SO HETEROCYCLIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DIOXIRANE; REACTIVITY; CHEMISTRY AB Kinetic data for epoxidation of a series of cis-alkenes and cycloalkenes by dimethyldioxirane in dried acetone are reported; the results are consistent with a concerted, electrophilic process with a spiro-transition state. C1 USA,ERDEC,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Baumstark, AL (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CTR BIOTECH & DRUG DESIGN,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1R 5FA SN 0793-0283 J9 HETEROCYCL COMMUN JI Heterocycl. Commun. PY 1997 VL 3 IS 5 BP 393 EP 396 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YH280 UT WOS:A1997YH28000001 ER PT S AU Sanov, A Arnold, DW Korolik, M Ferkel, H Bieler, CR Capellos, C Wittig, C Reisler, H AF Sanov, A Arnold, DW Korolik, M Ferkel, H Bieler, CR Capellos, C Wittig, C Reisler, H BE Mullin, AS Schatz, GC TI Collision-induced dissociation of highly excited NO2 in the gas phase and on MgO (100) surfaces SO HIGHLY EXCITED MOLECULES: RELAXATION, REACTION, AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Highly Excited Molecules - Relaxation, Reaction, and Structure, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID CONTROLLING BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; PRODUCT STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIRECT INELASTIC-SCATTERING; BOND SELECTED REACTION; TRANSITION-STATE; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; OVERLAPPING RESONANCES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHLORINE ATOMS; HYDROGEN-ATOMS AB Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of NO2 in highly excited mixed (2)A(1)/B-2(2) states is studied in crossed molecular beams at collision energies of similar to 2000 cm(-1) and on crystalline MgO(100) at collision energies of similar to 2000 and 4400 cm(-1).The yield spectra obtained by scanning the excitation laser wavelength while monitoring NO fragments show features identical to those in the fluorescence excitation spectrum of NO2, but the yield of CID decreases exponentially with the increase of the amount of energy required to reach the threshold for the monitored NO state. The results are discussed in terms of a mechanism in which highly excited NO2 undergoes further activation by collisions, followed by unimolecular decomposition. The NO product spin-orbit excitations are sensitive to the chemical identity of the collider and bear the imprints of exit-channel interactions, which are more significant on the MgO(100) surface than in the gas-phase. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, AMSTA,AR,AEE, Dover, NJ 07801 USA. RP Sanov, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3534-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1997 VL 678 BP 291 EP 303 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BK07P UT WOS:000071071400020 ER PT B AU Pati, AS Jacobs, R AF Pati, AS Jacobs, R GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI US Army PEM fuel cell programs SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The United States Army has identified the need for lightweight power sources to provide the individual soldier with continuous power for extended periods without resupply. Due to the high cost of primary batteries and the high weight of rechargeable batteries, fuel cell technology is being developed to provide a power source for the individual soldier, sensors, communications equipment and other various applications in the Army. Current programs are in the tech base area and will demonstrate Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Power Sources with low weight and high energy densities. Fuel Cell Power Sources underwent user evaluations in 1996 that showed a power source weight reduction of 75%. The quiet operation along with the ability to refuel much like an engine was well accepted by the user and numerous applications were investigated. These programs are now aimed at further weight reduction for applications that are weight critical; system integration that will demonstrate a viable military power source; refining the user requirements; and planning for a transition to engineering development. C1 USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, AMSEL RD C2 PD E, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Pati, AS (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, AMSEL RD C2 PD E, 10108 Gridley Rd,Suite 1, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 793 EP 795 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.660267 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900147 ER PT J AU Clarke, JA AF Clarke, JA TI Emulating shared memory to simplify distributed-memory programming SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A system called Network Distributed Global Memory simplifies parallel computing in a distributed-memory environment by allowing processors to be programmed as though they had shared memory. NDGM manages message passing; applications perform puts and gets to a virtual buffer. Porting a 3D fluid dynamics code to NDGM was much easier than writing an explicit message-passing version. RP Clarke, JA (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,RAYTHEON ESYST,RM 220 BLDG 394,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1109/99.590858 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA WU073 UT WOS:A1997WU07300010 ER PT B AU Shah, P Jones, KA AF Shah, P Jones, KA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Numerical simulations of the SiC thyristor's on state and gate turn off performance SO IEEE/CORNELL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN HIGH SPEED SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND CIRCUITS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/Cornell Conference on Advanced Concepts in High Speed Semiconductor Devices and Circuits CY AUG 04-06, 1997 CL ITHACA, NY SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Wright Labs, Dept Air Force AB Two-dimensional, nonisothermal, drift-diffusion model based numerical simulations have been performed on gate turn off (GTO) SIC thyristor structures to investigate the on state properties and turn off performance. The low carrier mobility, and the incomplete ionization of deep impurities leads to steps or a steep grade, in the I-V curve in the negative differential resistance region (NDR) of structures with high doped base regions. These NDR region shape has been experimentally observed in the past. Carrier lifetime also influences the shape of the NDR region. Structures exhibiting these steps or high grade in the NDR region have slower gate turn off performance than structures with a flatter NDR region. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shah, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RL, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3970-3 PY 1997 BP 245 EP 254 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK09H UT WOS:000071163000028 ER PT J AU Burton, LW AF Burton, LW TI In-bore stiffness considerations for electromagnetic projectile armatures and boreriders SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB Experience with conventional tank cannons has shown that interaction between a projectile and gun bore determines the projectile muzzle exit conditions which greatly influences the subsequent out-of-bore flight and terminal accuracy. Significant effort has been devoted to examining this phenomenon and has led to the development of models capable of predicting the in-bore dynamic characteristics of projectile/tube interactions. These models have shown that the relative stiffness of the projectile boreriding surfaces can be a deterministic factor of the resulting in-bore motion. The armature of an EM projectile must serve a dual role, namely, provide a current path across the rails while also providing lateral support during the launch. This presents a conflict for the EM projectile designer who must ensure an armature stiff enough tea maintain rail contact, yet have sufficient ''spring'' to absorb lateral disturbances imparted by the gun barrel. This paper reports the results of an in-bore dynamic analysis which examined the effects of varying armature and borerider stiffness. Analysis runs were conducted with a SLEKE II projectile model launched from the Task a railgun. The analysis found that maintaining equivalent contact stiffnesses for the boreriders of a saddleback sabot, such as the SLEKE II, minimizes the difference in transverse acceleration between the two contacts, thus reducing projectile in-bore balloting. RP Burton, LW (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL WT PD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1109/20.559858 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200009 ER PT J AU Kerwien, SC AF Kerwien, SC TI Metallurgical analysis of an aluminum sabot fired in the cannon caliber electromagnetic gun (CCEMG) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB An aluminum 7475 alloy sabot fired from the Cannon Caliber Electromagnetic Gun (CCEMG) [1] was metallurgically characterized. More melting was seen on the rear contact surface than the front and bubbles and cracks due to high-temperature oxidation (HTO) were observed [2]. The hardness profile showed a decrease in hardness along the outer surfaces of the sabot, particularly the contact surfaces. The softening and the HTO suggest that the material was pushed past its melting; point (477 - 635 C). Cracks caused by overaging were found at the roots of the contact surfaces. Black residue found in the launcher was analyzed and found to be various compounds and nonstoichiometric compounds of aluminum and copper. These compounds did not oxidize. RP Kerwien, SC (reprint author), USA,ARMAMENT RES DEV & ENGN CTR,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1109/20.559912 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200019 ER PT J AU Zielinski, A Hildenbrand, D AF Zielinski, A Hildenbrand, D TI Observation and simulation of armature contact performance in the cannon-caliber electromagnetic gun SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB Major components developed under the Cannon-Caliber Electromagnetic Gun (CCEMG) Program are presently undergoing tests at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) located at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), MD. The CCEMG Launcher is a series-augmented barrel 2.25 m in length and has a rectangular bore cross section of 17.3 mm x 37.3 mm. The system is designed to operate with a peak current of 835 kA, a launch package mass of 185 g, and an exit velocity of 1,850 m/s. CCEMG is a multishot system demonstrator. The test results we discuss here are for single-shot operation. The muzzle voltage in-an augmented launcher contains contributions from the fields due to the augmenting turn. These imposed voltage terms tend to mask the transition of the armature contact, thereby making the transition event less discernable than In a simple railgun. The Army Railgun Modular Simulator (ARMS) computer code has been modified to provide one-dimensional (1-D), lumped parameter model of the launcher and contact wear at the armature-to-rail interface. The CCEMG launcher data are used to further validate the ARMS code and contact wear model. Additionally, a two-dimensional, transient finite difference (2-D TFD) model is used to assess heating in the armature. In this paper we present photographic and electrical data from two shots in which armature performance is simulated. C1 PARKER KINET DESIGNS INC,WHARTON,NJ 07885. RP Zielinski, A (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1109/20.559935 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200029 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Soencksen, K Webb, DW Weinacht, P AF Zielinski, AE Soencksen, K Webb, DW Weinacht, P TI Integrated launch package performance in the cannon-caliber launcher SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB The Cannon-Caliber Electromagnetic Gun (CCEMG) Program is a major effort toward proving the viability of electromagnetic weapons for future use by the Armed Forces. The effort is focused on the successful, system-designed integration of several major components. Crucial to the success of the program are the operational characteristics of tbe launcher and the integrated launch package (ILP). This paper addresses the launch and flight, characteristics, accuracy, and terminal performance of the ILP and subprojectile. The results presented here represent the first known experimental assessment of these parameters obtained from electric gun firings of a tactical flight body over realistic ranges. To date, 39 shots have been fired using a 1.6-MJ capacitor bank located at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL). A wide variety of instrumentation was Incorporated to survey transitional, free-flight, and terminal ballistic regimes from the gun muzzle to target impact 222 m downrange. Free-flight aerodynamic data indicated that the round has adequate in-flight stability. Round-to-round dispersion was computed over a wide range of launch velocities based on downrange impact locations and was used to provide estimates of the dispersion at the design launch velocity of 1,850 m/s. A detailed analysis of the transitional ballistic process has been performed to quantify the various contributors to the total launch disturbance. The results indicated that the sab-ot/armature discard contributes equally with the aerodynamic jump toward target impact dispersion and increases with launch velocity. For the current launcher configuration, the variability of the discard process is oriented in the vertical direction. Finally, impact data on armor were limited but nonetheless indicate the round is capable of meeting the CCEMG system requirements. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1109/20.559936 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200030 ER PT J AU Kathe, E Gast, R Vottis, P Cipollo, M AF Kathe, E Gast, R Vottis, P Cipollo, M TI Analysis of launch induced motion of a hybrid electromagnetic/gas gun SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB In recent years, great strides have been made regarding the identification of the dominant loads that cause beam type vibrations of cannons during ballistic operation. These motions infringe upon shot accuracy because at projectile disengagement, the muzzle's kinematic state may compromise the projectile's intended flight path. This is particularly relevant to coil gun loading, which, unlike gas launch, applies the recoil load to the muzzle end of the barrel instead of the breech. This effectively places the barrel in a state of columnar compression during the launch cycle that may exacerbate structural vibrations known as gun ''whip.'' RP Kathe, E (reprint author), USA,BENET LABS,WATERVLIET,NY 12189, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 178 EP 183 DI 10.1109/20.559941 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200033 ER PT J AU Vottis, PM Cipollo, M Kathe, E Zabar, Z Levi, E Birenbaum, L AF Vottis, PM Cipollo, M Kathe, E Zabar, Z Levi, E Birenbaum, L TI Use of electromagnetic coil launcher to increase muzzle velocity of conventional cannons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID FREQUENCY SIGNAL ANALYSIS; WIGNER DISTRIBUTION; TIME SIGNALS; TOOL AB The paper deals with the design and operation of an experimental hybrid cannon consisting of a 60 mm bore gas cannon using standard propellant and a traveling-wave induction accelerator. The projectile, consisting of an aluminum cylinder weighing 120 grams, is initially brought up to a speed of 600 m/s in the gas cannon. The pulsed-power stage is designed to accelerate the projectile further to a velocity of 700m/s. C1 POLYTECH INST NEW YORK, BROOKLYN, NY 11201 USA. RP USA, BENET LABS, WATERVLIET, NY 12189 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 190 EP 194 DI 10.1109/20.559943 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200035 ER PT J AU Bourham, MA Gilligan, JG Oberle, WF AF Bourham, MA Gilligan, JG Oberle, WF TI Analysis of solid propellant combustion behavior under electrothermal plasma injection for ETC launchers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID SIMULATION; GUNS; BALLISTICS AB Enhanced burn rates of solid propellants through plasma erosion has been studied showing evidence of increased burn rate with injection of electrothermal plasmas into the propellant. These experiments are designed to evaluate the effectiveness of maximizing energy versus momentum transport, and the influence of geometry on the burn rates of the JA-2 solid granular propellant. A series of experiments has shown an evidence of enhanced burn rate at pressures between 55 and 90 MPa (8,000 and 12,000 psi, respectively) over 400 mu s pulse length. A 20 to 40% enhancement in the burn rates has been observed when plasma is injected parallel to the surface of the propellant. When plasma is injected normal to the surface, the burn rate increases by about a factor of three. A set of experiments has been designed to measure the burn rates when the electrothermal plasma is injected at various angles, from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, to the surface of the propellant. Experiments were conducted at a constant input energy of 5 kJ+/- 2% to the electrothermal plasma source and constant base pressure of 15 Torr, which provides a 12,300 psi plasma pressure at the source exit close to the surface of the propellant. Results indicate increased burn rates with increased angle of injection. Optical emission spectroscopy measurement revealed a decrease in plasma temperature, at the plasma-propellant interface, with increased angle of injection. The plasma temperature at 90 degrees injection angle is about 30% less than that at 0 degrees. The temperature decrease may be attributed to increased burn rates at larger angles, which results in an increased effectiveness of the vapor shield plasma. the plasma density also decreases with increased angle of injection, but increases again at 90 degrees. There effects may also be due to increased neutral constituents at the plasma-propellant interface at larger injection angles. However, the plasma density at 90 degrees, where the burn rate is at a maximum, increases by approximately a factor of two higher than that of the source plasma. C1 USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. RP Bourham, MA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT NUCL ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1109/20.559969 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200051 ER PT J AU Hankins, OE Bourham, M Mann, D AF Hankins, OE Bourham, M Mann, D TI Observations of visible light emission from interactions between an electrothermal plasma and a propellant SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB A set of experiments has been conducted on the experimental plasma-propellant interaction facility PIPE to measure the burn rates of JA2 solid propellant as it function of plasma impingement angle with respect to the propellant surface. The propellant test stand is designed such that the angle of plasma impact on the propellant surface can be varied 0 to 90 degrees. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements were taken during these shots. Fiber optics were situated in two places, one closer to the plasma source and the second at the propellant's rear edge near the point of impact of plasma and propellant. The fiber optics are connected to an optical multichannel analyzer set to observe neutral copper lines and molecular C-2 Swan Bands in the 505-585 nm spectral region. Time-averaged core arc temperatures of 8,800 to 14,000 K and plasma densities of 2 x 10(23) to 4.5 x 10(23) m(3) have been deduced by measurements along the axis of the device using the relative intensities and the Stark broadening of the copper lines. As the angle of plasma impact with the propellant surface increases from 0 to 90 degrees, the overall radiant emission increases, falls and increases. However, the measured plasma temperature decreases gradually and plasma density falls by nearly a factor of two before increasing substantially at 90 degrees. Comparisons with the measured burn rates of the JA2 propellent versus inclination angle suggests a stronger correlation of plasma burn rate with plasma kinetic energy than with the radiative heat flux. C1 USA,RES OFF,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Hankins, OE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT NUCL ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.1109/20.559972 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200054 ER PT J AU Katulka, GL Oberle, WF Wren, GP Okamitsu, J Messina, NA AF Katulka, GL Oberle, WF Wren, GP Okamitsu, J Messina, NA TI Pulsed-power and high energy plasma simulations for application to electrothermal-chemical guns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Under U.S. Army ARDEC contract DAAA21-93-D1003, Princeton Combustion Research Laboratories (PCRL) has recently completed the development of a PC-based, end-to-end electrothermal-chemical (ETC) gun ballistic simulation code called PPIB. PPIB is a time-dependent, lumped-paramter, electrothermal-chemical gun ballistic simulator, which has a one-dimensional plasma submodel. The code has been validated against a 4MJ pulsed power system, 30-mm ETC plasma experiments, and plasma capillary calculations from the stand alone Powell code. In addition, results obtained for high energy plasma simulations are also provided. Included in this study are: 1) the electrical transfer efficiencies of various plasma capillary tubes; 2) the amount of energy partitioned into internal, kinetic, and work energy; and 3) the radiant energy partitioning of the plasma inside the capillary tube during the electrical discharge. The study is concluded with an estimate of the overall energy delivered for the entire process of power supply discharge to electrical plasma generation and radiation for a given test case. C1 LOCKHEED MARTIN DEF SYST,PRINCETON COMBUST RES LABS,MONMOUTH JCT,NJ 08852. RP Katulka, GL (reprint author), USA,BALLIST RES LAB,WEAPONS TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1109/20.559973 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200055 ER PT J AU Oberle, WF Wren, GP AF Oberle, WF Wren, GP TI An analysis of ballistic parameters/mechanisms affecting efficiency in electrothermal-chemical (ETC) guns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB Historically, electrothermal-chemical (ETC) gun firings have failed to achieve ballistic performance its measured by ballistic ratios (BRs) commensurate with those for conventional powder guns. In this paper, the ETC ballistic cycle is examined in an attempt to identify possible aspects of the ETC process leading to the lower-than-expected BRs. Results indicate that at least a partial answer may be the energy required to evaporate and dissociate the polyethylene and metal electrodes of the plasma capillary, state changes which occur in the combustion gases due to the higher temperatures of the plasma and radiative energy losses. RP Oberle, WF (reprint author), USA,BALLIST RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1109/20.559975 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200057 ER PT J AU White, KJ Stobie, I Oberle, W Katulka, G Driesen, S AF White, KJ Stobie, I Oberle, W Katulka, G Driesen, S TI Combustion control requirements in high loading density, solid propellant ETC gun firings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB This report investigates and quantifies the requirements for increasing performance (muzzle kinetic energy) in existing high performance (tank) gun systems utilizing solid propellants. Factors studied include propelling charge mass or loading density, propellant specific energy, grain geometry, and the use of electrothermal-chemical concepts. Results indicate that significant increases in performance require not only increased system energy but, more importantly, propellant combustion control in terms of the mass generation rate to operate near ideal gun performance. Specific requirements and approaches (e.g., burn rate modification by plasma interaction) to obtain the ''ideal'' gun performance are discussed. Plasma-propellant interaction study results are also discussed. RP White, KJ (reprint author), USA,BALLIST RES LAB,AMSRL WT PA WEAPONS TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1109/20.560036 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200064 ER PT J AU Wren, GP Oberle, WF Gough, PS AF Wren, GP Oberle, WF Gough, PS TI Consideration of pressure gradients in electrothermal-chemical (ETC) guns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB In this paper we explore possible physical causes for lower performance than anticipated In experimental electrothermal-chemical (ETC) firings using a one-dimensional code coupled to a plasma code to account for interaction between the rate of plasma flux and external pressure. Gradients in physical variables such as pressure are examined in comparison to conventional solid propellant guns. C1 PAUL GOUGH ASSOCIATES,PORTSMOUTH,NH. RP Wren, GP (reprint author), USA,BALLIST RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 356 EP 361 DI 10.1109/20.560037 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200065 ER PT J AU Berning, PR Hummer, CR Le, CD Coburn, WO AF Berning, PR Hummer, CR Le, CD Coburn, WO TI A theoretical and experimental study of the electromagnetic environment surrounding a magnetic induction launcher SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB Electromagnetic (EM) field measurements were conducted near a prototype system that launches metal plates via EM induction. These plates are intended to augment a vehicle's passive armor by intercepting incoming kinetic energy (KE) projectiles some distance away from the vehicle. The subscale EM induction launcher consists of two 4.5-turn, 15 cm square spiral coils machined from 1.27 cm thick copper-beryllium plate, This type of system is designed to launch a 15 cm square aluminum plate in an edge-on orientation. As was done for an earlier design [W. Coburn, C. Le, and H. Martin, ''Electromagnetic Field Measurements Near a Single Stage Reconnection Gun,'' U.S. Army Research Laboratory Report ARL-MR-206, April 1995], both the short-term magnetic fields associated with the launch process and the long-term electric fields associated with the flying plate were measured. A theoretical model designed to simulate the magnetic fields surrounding the launcher has been developed and its results compare favorably with measured data. C1 USA,RES LAB,AMSRL WT ND,ADELPHI,MD 20873. RP Berning, PR (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL WT WD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 368 EP 372 DI 10.1109/20.560039 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200067 ER PT J AU Kerwien, SC AF Kerwien, SC TI Metallurgical post-mortem analysis of the cannon caliber electromagnetic gun: Rails and insulating sidewalls SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB A post-mortem tear down analysis was performed on the chromium-copper rails (alloy C18200) and alumina insulating sidewalls (AD-96) of the Cannon Caliber Electromagnetic Gun (CCEMG) after it had launched forty-nine aluminum alloy 7475 slugs or sabots with projectiles. The rails did not exhibit signs of gouging, however, a layer of aluminum from the armatures, approximately 13 microns thick, was deposited on them. The hardness and conductivity values of the rail material remained consistent along the length of the rails. The alumina sidewalls were cracked at the breech end of the gun from the start of the gun to a distance of 61 cm. Most of the cracks were due to the armatures cutting notches in the ceramic and exceeding the critical crack size of the material. Molten aluminum was found in the cracks suggesting that the cracks had formed in service and not due to the tear down procedure. Aluminum had deposited on and adhered to the alumina sidewalls as well as the rails. Despite sustaining some damage to the sidewalls and a buildup of aluminum on the rails and sidewalls the gun functioned until its decommissioning. RP Kerwien, SC (reprint author), USA,ARMAMENT RES,CTR DEV & ENGN,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1109/20.560044 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200072 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Viscoelastic behavior of composite rotors at elevated temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID CYLINDERS AB The composite rotor of a pulsed-power machine is built with radial precompression to enhance mechanical performance; however, the preload might decrease due to the viscoelastic behavior of materials at elevated temperatures. In this investigation, an analytical solution is developed to study the viscoelastic problem of thick-walled cylinders. The analysis accounts for ply-by-ply variations of rotor structural properties, ply orientations, and temperature gradients through the thickness of rotors. Fiber-reinforced composite materials generally illustrate extreme anisotropy in viscoelastic behavior. The viscoelasticity exists mainly in matrix dominant properties, such as transverse and shear, while the fiber dominant properties behave more like elastic mediums. Accordingly, the viscoelastic characteristics of composite cylinders is quite different from those of isotropic cylinders. Currently, finite element packages such as ABAQUS, ANSYS, and DYNA3D are not very suitable for the viscoelastic analysis of composite cylinder because of the lack of anisotropic viscoelastic elements. The prestress in the hoop-wound fiber, which generates radial compression in the rotor, might decrease due to Poisson's effect alone from the creep behavior in the transverse properties of composite. The result also shows the effects of layup construction and fiber orientations on the anisotropic behavior of composite rotors. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA,BALLIST RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1109/20.560048 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200076 ER PT J AU Burke, T Xie, KH Singh, H Podlesak, T Flemish, J Carter, J Schneider, S Zhao, JH AF Burke, T Xie, KH Singh, H Podlesak, T Flemish, J Carter, J Schneider, S Zhao, JH TI Silicon carbide thyristors for electric guns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TEMPERATURE AB The feasibility of using silicon power thyristors for electric gun pulsers has been established. The advantages of solid state switches are highly significant for electric gun systems. Nevertheless, the size and weight of a solid state pulser built using silicon devices is non-optimal due to limited device performance. The improved material properties of silicon carbide offer the potential of reducing the size and weight of the pulser by increasing device power density and di/dt capabilities. Studies have estimated the improvement to be a significant 60% reduction in both volume and weight, mainly due to improvement in di/dt capability. This improvement is highly desirable to build a solid state pulser capable of meeting the size and weight constraints of a tactical system. In this paper, we present a quantitative theoretical assessment of high-power silicon carbide (SiC) thyristor capabilities for EML applications based on the experimental evaluation of high power density prototype SiC thyristors and the design and performance modeling of a 4 kV SiC thyristor. This information provides the technical background to assess device performance improvement and claims for reduced pulser size and weight. This study confirms that a current density of 6 kA/cm(2) is feasible, and that a di/dt improvement of 2.5 times is a reasonable expectation, and further indicates the potential to operate SiC thyristors at current densities above 10 kA/cm(2), and at much higher di/dts. In this regime, performance would be limited by cooling technology and packaging, rather than by the semiconductor. This capability would result in a size and weight reduction by a factor of 4 rather than the predicted 2.5. C1 VICTRON INC,EATONTOWN,NJ 07724. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RP Burke, T (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 432 EP 437 DI 10.1109/20.560051 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200079 ER PT J AU Podlesak, TF Burke, T Singh, H Ayres, G Schneider, S AF Podlesak, TF Burke, T Singh, H Ayres, G Schneider, S TI Solid state switches for electric gun applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB The Army Research Laboratory has conducted experimental evaluations on commercially available solid state switches for application to electric gun systems. These switches were developed largely for the electric power industry and were designed for high average current, long term operation Operating these devices at the short pulse lengths required by electric guns enables the peak currents to exceed the nominal ratings by more than an order of magnitude. These devices sire all thyristor types chosen for high surge current capability and low forward drop losses. The investigation includes thyristors of domestic and foreign manufacture and also novel control structures and packaging. The silicon wafers vary in diameter from 50 mm to 100 mm and have a minimum off-state blocking voltage rating of 2 kV. The evaluations were performed using pulsers with low impedances (10 to 250 milliohms), with pulse widths varying from 0.5 ms (FWHM) to 2.0 ms (FWHM). The inverse capabilities of symmetric devices under short circuit conditions were studied and the ability to withstand full voltage reversals after high forward surge currents was demonstrated. Series, parallel and phased operation of multiple switches was also demonstrated. C1 VITRON,EATONTOWN,NJ. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,PULSE POWER BRANCH,AMSRL WT NH,FT MONMOUTH,NJ, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 490 EP 494 DI 10.1109/20.560061 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200089 ER PT J AU Singh, H Carter, JL Creedon, J AF Singh, H Carter, JL Creedon, J TI Comparison of switching technologies for a tactical EML application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB Capabilities of switches to meet pulser requirements for a high energy tactical application are reviewed. Characteristics of solid state and non-solid state switching devices are discussed with respect Co their rating limits when operated in an electromagnetic launcher system at a peak voltage of 15 kilovolts, a peak current of 3.6 million amperes and a pulse width of 4 milliseconds. The switch types compared were selected for their ability to conduct high. peak current at high coulomb levels while operating In mobile tactical system having severe volumetric constraints. A series-parallel arrangement of silicon controlled rectifiers was considered to offer the best approach for the tactical system. C1 VITRON INC,EATONTOWN,NJ. RP Singh, H (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,PULSE POWER BRANCH,AMSRL WT NH,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1109/20.560065 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200093 ER PT J AU Williams, W OMalley, K AF Williams, W OMalley, K TI A lightweight composite shielding material for electromagnetic gun launchers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB There is a need for the development of a lightweight electromagnetic shield that can be easily installed and maintained to provide high-performance shielding for electric gun barrels, In the past few years, there have been advancements in the development of lightweight material, which could be quite useful in the electric gun technology, One such material is TI-Shield, manufactured by Texas Instruments, Inc. TI-Shield is a lightweight, composite, multi-layered, shielding material consisting of copper-alloy49-copper. The copper-alloy49-copper are bonded by a cladding process and is available in thicknesses from 0.02-0.04 cm. Subscale tests were conducted using a sample of this composite material, and the results are presented for overall shielding effectiveness for magnetic fields, in the frequency range extending from 30 Hz - 3 KHz. C1 CALVEN LE ARMY RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. RP Williams, W (reprint author), USA,ARDEC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1109/20.560086 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200114 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Werst, MD AF Zielinski, AE Werst, MD TI Cannon-caliber electromagnetic launcher SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB The University of Texas at Austin, Center for Electromechanics (UT-CEM) designed and fabricated a rapid-fire railgun launcher. Three, five-round salves of 185-g Launch packages are to he accelerated to 1,850 m/s at a rate of 5 Hz. The 2.25-m-long series-augmented launcher has a 30-mm round-bore equivalent rectangular geometry and is water-glycol cooled. Rapid-fire operation is achieved by driving the launcher with multiple 835-kA peak pulses provided by the Cannon-Caliber Electromagnetic Gun (CCEMG) compulsator. A single shot launcher prototype was tested for the CCEMG system Pt UT-CEM and at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL). The launcher has demonstrated an efficiency over 50%. A high CCEMG system efficiency is in part due to the use of a solid armature and Is enhanced by having a structurally stiff railgun. Historically, a railgun's stiffness was proportional to its weight. Laboratory-based railguns that have respectable mechanical properties have required massive structures that pre nowhere near meeting the requirements of future vehicle integration and weaponization. The CCEMG railgun design incorporates a directional preloading mechanism, ceramic sidewalls, and a composite overwrap, which together give it a structural stiffness dominated by a high-modulus ceramic. The overall mass of the launcher is 273 kg. These characteristics make the cannon-caliber Launcher one of the most ''fieldable'' railguns built to date. C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR ELECTROMECH,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 630 EP 635 DI 10.1109/20.560087 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200115 ER PT J AU Aden, TC Brown, JL Churchwell, VD Dewar, P Juhasz, A Kaplan, Z Williams, J AF Aden, TC Brown, JL Churchwell, VD Dewar, P Juhasz, A Kaplan, Z Williams, J TI Summary of the Hypervelocity Weapon System field experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB The Hypervelocity Launcher Product Office of the U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command has completed the first field experiment for the Hypervelocity Weapon System (HVWS). The HVWS is being developed as a cost-effective, bottom-tier element of the overall Theater Missile Defense (TMD) architecture. The HVWS is C-130 transportable and will complement the total spectrum of TMD assets. The objective of the overall field experiment is to assess the suitability of the HWVS technology to meet the requirements for TMD and Air Defense (AD) missions. To achieve this objective, program effort is focused on resolution of four Key HVWS issues: interceptor launch survivability, fire control tracking accuracy, interceptor guidance to intercept, and intercept lethality. Intermediate field experiments will assess the launch survivability, guidance and control issues of the D2 interceptor, and the tracking accuracy of the fire control system. The final field experiment is planned to culminate in the intercept of a SCUD-type target as well as other TMD and AD targets. This paper presents a summary of the results of the first field experiment, which was conducted at the U.S. Army Hellfire Range on Eglin AFB, FL. The specific objectives of an approach used for the field experiments are discussed. Descriptions of the HVWS subsystem technologies employed during the FY93 experiments are presented along with discussions of the experimental results in the key HVWS issue areas. C1 BDM ENGN SERV CO,HUNTSVILLE,AL. USA,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20310. SOREQ NUCL RES CTR,IL-70600 YAVNE,ISRAEL. RP Aden, TC (reprint author), USA,SPACE & STRATEG DEF COMMAND,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 636 EP 641 DI 10.1109/20.560088 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200116 ER PT J AU Podlesak, T Singh, H Carter, J Creedon, J AF Podlesak, T Singh, H Carter, J Creedon, J TI On the feasibility of mounting an electrothermal chemical gun system on a combat vehicle SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has completed a study on the feasibility of mounting an electrothermal chemical (ETC) gun pulser on an M1 Abrams main battle tank, as a possible variant for the next generation of this weapon system, The ETC gun will provide enhanced lethality without increasing weapon caliber or propellant requirement. This was part of a larger study involving other Army research elements The ARL approach examined capacitor and inductor based energy storage and pulse forming networks. With adequate prime electrical power, available from a thermal engine driven generator, the above systems were smaller in size than alternative rotating machine based systems, and can sustain rapid fire as long as they have projectiles, These systems also have the advantage of modular construction, allowing the components to be placed wherever there is space available in the tank, This resulted in a majority of the system being capable of being placed in the tank turret, which had the advantage of an easy coupling of the gun pulser to the gun breech, This system passes continuous charging power through slip rings to the pulse forming network in a fully rotatable turret, avoiding the dubious practice of passing pulse power through sliding contacts. RP Podlesak, T (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,PULSE POWER BRANCH,AMSRL WT NH,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 651 EP 656 DI 10.1109/20.560091 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200119 ER PT B AU Trang, AH Irion, HG AF Trang, AH Irion, HG GP IEEE TI Simulation of close-in & stand-off mine detection SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB A simple model for normal incident angle and close- in detection was developed and presented at the SPIE conference in 1996. Complex models that include normal and oblique incident angles and stand-off detection are included in this paper. The models and algorithms are based on electromagnetic and radar equations. Electromagnetic equations determining transmission and reflection coefficients, attenuation factors, and wave numbers, as well as radar equations involving power and radar cross-section are used in the simulation. Variables included in the models are operating frequencies, three and four boundary models, two detection techniques, four mine types, different environments, and four incident angles. RP Trang, AH (reprint author), USA,CECOM,NIGHT VIS & ELECT SENSORS DIRECTORATE,AMSEL RD NV CD MD,10221 BURBECK RD,SUITE 430,FT BELVOIR,VA 22060, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1132 EP 1134 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00339 ER PT B AU ONeill, K AF ONeill, K GP IEEE TI Exploration of innovative radar sensing schemes for subsurface object detection SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The problem of abandoned landmines and unexploded ordnance is particularly acute when these objects are near the surface, so that their radar returns cannot easily be separated from the ground surface response. To address this, we pursue simulations here designed to test methods of sensor deployment and data processing that exploit angular, positional, and frequency diversity for detection of metallic targets that are on the order of the subsurface wavelength in size. Rigorous 2-D computations were performed and results processed for the angular correlation function (ACF) approach, in which one performs a coherent average of received signals from two incidence and observation angles. Simulations pursue the behavior of the ACF under realistic ground roughness and moisture content, target geometry, and highest practical resolution GPR frequencies. To achieve an expanded ensemble of cases, given a single subject ground surface, we average both over frequencies and overlapping incident beam locations. RP ONeill, K (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1135 EP 1137 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00340 ER PT B AU ONeill, K AF ONeill, K GP IEEE TI Radar detection of near-surface buried metallic reflectors in wet soil SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB For ground penetrating radar (GPR) sensing, with antennas positioned safely or conveniently above the surface, one must contend with the ground surface reflection as well as reflections from targets sought below it. Employing low enough frequencies to penetrate moist soil means resolution that will often not allow one to distinguish the surface from target return. New measurements at CRREL were analyzed using innovative methods to sucessfully reveal buried mine and mine-like targets in wet, rocky soil. With broad band short pulse illumination, one method used a simple model that predicted the expected waveforms when surface and target echoes interacted. The other method treated the same cases but proceeds from the observation that the total overlapping surface plus target return is distended in time relative to a reflection from the surface alone. By processing to define and isolate cumulative energy return over time, one could distinguish cases in which targets lay just below the surface. Both methods were successful with moist loamy soil. Performance of the second approach was also good in an extreme case, when seasonal effects were exploited. RP ONeill, K (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1288 EP 1290 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00390 ER PT B AU Sousa, RC Simeonsson, JB AF Sousa, RC Simeonsson, JB GP IEEE TI Developmental studies for remote and in-situ detection of halogenated compounds by laser-induced photofragmentation fragment detection spectrometry SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The analytical capabilities of a one-color, laser-induced photofragmentation/fragment detection technique for the remote and in situ detection of halogenated compounds is reported. For brominated compounds, 260.634-nm laser radiation is used to fragment the target compound and also excite the characteristic Br atom photofragment by means of its two-photon 4p(4)5p D-4(3/2)degrees <-- 4p(5 2)P(3/2)(degrees) transition, whose absorption cross section is estimated to be 3.8x10(-43) m(4). Detection is accomplished by (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, as well as, laser-induced fluorescence and stimulated emission from the 4p(4)5p D-4(3/2)degrees --> 4p(4) 5s(4) P-5/2,P-3/2 transitions at 844 and 751 nm, respectively. The SE signal is distinct from the LIF signal in that it is coherent, bidirectional, and propagates coaxially with the laser beam. It is also approximately two orders of magnitude greater than the LIF signal at 844 nm because of photophysical amplification. The technique has been demonstrated for CH3Br, CHCIBr2, and CHBr3 at total gas pressures of 1-760 Torr with detection limits in the parts-per-billion. RP Sousa, RC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL WT PC,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 2103 EP 2105 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00652 ER PT B AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH GP LASER INST AMER TI Evolving issues in laser safety SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB The approach to laser safety has come a long way since the 1960s when the first guidelines were issued by defense research organizations in the US and the UK, and then by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Although the search for ''eye-safe'' numbers continues in a few laboratories, this work is almost exclusively centered on deriving retinal thresholds for ultra-short (sub-nanosecond) lasers. Setting limits in this temporal region has been difficult, since there are conflicting data sets and there is a limited amount of data to extrapolate to other spectral regions. In the standards arena, the concentrated efforts have been in terms of product classification and attempts to resolve the eternal question of ''how safe is safe?'' Recent efforts to revise safety standards do not always take into account the historical rationale for the MPEs and forget that safety factors were already placed into the limits, and further safety factors are quite unnecessary. Finally, the study of accidents raises the question of whether our approach to eye protection and enclosures are adequate and whether separate standards and guidance is needed for different applications. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,LASER OPT RADIAT PROGRAM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00003 ER PT B AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH GP LASER INST AMER TI An overview of the IEC 835-1 standard for laser and LED products and their use SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB The IEC Standard 825-1 is the pre-eminent international laser safety standard. Although initially intended only as a manufacturer's system-safety, product performance standard, it has grown as well in acceptance as an authoritative source for information on safe use of lasers. Emphasis in revisions of this standard has, however, centered on manufacturer's requirements, the definition of laser hazard classes, and measurement procedures for classification. The initial standard, IEC 825 was first published in 1984 and drew heavily on the American National Standard ANSI Z-136.1 and the US Federal Performance Standard for Laser Products (21CFR1040). Although the IEC standard has evolved, the basic philosophy and most requirements remain unchanged. The only significant changes have resulted from new scientific data, for clarification or the need to change a clearly needless requirement which has plagued either manufacturers or users. The most significant change that took place with the second edition of the standard (i.e., IEC 825-1) has been to include LEDs as if they were lasers. This fundamental change was made at the final meeting prior to voting on the new edition. Consequently, an adequate review of the impact upon applications, underlying assumptions in the MPEs and AELs, and classification measurement had not been fully studied. As a result, the major activity of IEC TC-76 during the last three meetings has been in attempting to correct problems arising from the inclusion of LEDs in the same standard. Today, IEC TC-76 has been working to develop nested sub-classes to account for the wide range of risk presented by LEDs and lasers. This has led to proposals for Classes 1A and 1B to provide a class based upon a worst-case risk analysis (1A) and a ''reasonably foreseeable'' definition (1B). Other sub-classes have been proposed as well. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,LASER OPT RADIAT PROGRAM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 44 EP 57 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00006 ER PT B AU Lund, DJ Edsall, PR Fuller, DR Hoxie, SW AF Lund, DJ Edsall, PR Fuller, DR Hoxie, SW GP LASER INST AMER TI Bioeffects of near-infrared lasers SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Retinal damage thresholds (ED(50)s) were determined in Rhesus monkey eyes for 100 ms exposures to collimated radiation from a tunable Ti:Sapphire laser at several wavelengths from 690 nm to 900 nm. Prior research using 15 ns duration laser pulses showed a strong variability of ED50 with wavelength for retinal exposure in Rhesus monkeys to laser radiation in the near infrared spectrum. Current studies with the Ti:Sapphire laser show similar variability of ED50 with wavelength for 100 ms retinal exposures. Previously measured light transmission and absorption properties of ocular tissues do not provide a complete or obvious explanation for the significant variations of threshold with small changes in wavelength. Similar wavelength dependencies of ED50 for the two exposure durations in the wavelength range of 750 nm to 830 nm suggest that linear absorption is a cause of the variability. However, differences in the ED50 curves at other wavelengths show that nonlinear mechanisms also contribute. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 166 EP 174 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00021 ER PT B AU Zwick, H Ness, JW Molchany, JM Stuck, BE Loveday, J AF Zwick, H Ness, JW Molchany, JM Stuck, BE Loveday, J GP LASER INST AMER TI Neural motor ocular strategies associated with the development of a pseudofovea following laser induced macular damage and artificial macular occlusion. Is the fovea replaceable? SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Loss of visual acuity following acute photic injury and subsequent recovery is well known. The mechanisms that underlie foveal neural plasticity were assessed in this study. In two patients that recovered to 20/15 Snellen visual acuity following accidental induced foveal damage, contrast sensitivity measurements made under ophthalmoscopic visualization of the retina revealed a preferred retinal location that was superior and temporal to the damaged fovea. This area was used especially for smaller contrast sensitivity targets requiring foveal resolution. Similar PRL sites were obtained in similar investigations using a Purkinje Eye-Tracker to simulate a small central scotoma. Measures of ocular accommodation obtained in these experiments suggest that a central scotoma may induce an accommodative shift as the oculomotor system shifts to a new PRL for smaller targets that require foveal resolution. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00022 ER PT B AU Zwick, H Elliott, WR Stuck, BE Lund, DJ Schuschereba, ST Li, G AF Zwick, H Elliott, WR Stuck, BE Lund, DJ Schuschereba, ST Li, G GP LASER INST AMER TI In-vivo laser-induced photoreceptor pathology and vascular pathophysiology in a small eye animal model SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) was used to evaluate acute laser retinal injury in a small eye animal model. The snake eye is optically unique, combining a high numerical aperture with a clear ocular media and a cornea covered with a hard dry spectacle. These qualities allow resolution of photoreceptors, retinal receptor orientation, and retinal blood cell behavior. Acute argon laser exposure observed in vivo may eliminate photoreceptors, produce highly reflective and enlarged photoreceptors, as well as changes in receptor density and orientation. Enhanced photoreceptor reflectivity was observed with a near IR imaging source. Similar exposure at the retinal vasculature showed blood cell flow alteration, producing ''sticky'' blood cells with neutrophil like response. Q-switched laser exposure produced larger lesion areas at lower energy levels with lower photoreceptor reflectivity. These observations have significant implications for visual function recovery mechanisms in higher order animal species. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,BAFB,SAN ANTONIO,TX, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00023 ER PT B AU Franks, JK Zadravec, D AF Franks, JK Zadravec, D GP LASER INST AMER TI Eye safety classification of a diode laser rangefinder SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Due to unsymmetrical irradiance pattern of most diode lasers combined with inherent astigmatism diode laser based devices are not trivial to classify. In absence of non-standard collimation optics such as cylinders, wedges, special fibres etc. used to reduce inherent astigmatism and to circularize the laser beam, cross section geometry of such a collimated beam may vary substantially going from near field to far field. This adds to complexity of classification procedure in the following manner: angular subtense has to be evaluated at several distances in front of the device and radiant exposure in the near field doesn't necessarily behave as a uniform function of increasing distance from the device. RP Franks, JK (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 299 EP 301 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00036 ER PT B AU Marshall, WJ AF Marshall, WJ GP LASER INST AMER TI Current progress on ANSI Z136.6 standard for the safe use of lasers SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer DE laser hazards; ANSI Z136 standard; maximum permissible exposure; visual interference; restricted airspace; flight zones AB An ANSI Z136 sub committee has been formed to create a standard for the safe use of lasers outdoors - the sixth in a series of standards for the safe use of lasers. The standard is intended to address unique product performance requirements of Class 3b and Class 4 lasers used outdoors. In addition, hazardous reactions to bright light, and distraction from critical tasks by the beams from visible lasers used at night, are addressed. Specific industries affected by the standard are laser light show companies, research lasers used in astronomy, airline pilots, and laser use by the military. RP Marshall, WJ (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED GUNPOWDER,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 457 EP 462 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00058 ER PT B AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH GP LASER INST AMER TI Risk assessment of optically aided viewing SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer DE lasers; telescopes; microscopes; eye safety AB The definition and measurement of Class 1 and Class 3A accessible emission limits (AELs) relates very much to one simple question: ''How much energy will be collected by magnifying optics?'' To simulate the increased risk of optically aided viewing by telescopes and binoculars, a 50-mm aperture (at one time 80-mm) has been used in ANSI, CDRH and IEC standards. The current measurement criterion found in IEC 825-1 was a compromise, and makes use of a 50-mm aperture at a distance of 100 mm to define a geometrical collection efficiency to simulate not only that of telescopes and binoculars, but also that of highly diverging laser and LED emission patterns as well. It was later recognized that this was a rather arbitrary mathematical construct designed to mimic both a high-power eye-loupe at a very close distance (14 mm) and a 7X50 binocular at a much greater viewing distance. This approach is not followed in the US standards, and the two types of sources are treated differently. While the IEC approach appears at a first glance to have the advantage of simplicity and requires little laboratory space for measurements, it fails to accurately describe the real hazard for both conditions of optically aided viewing. Hand-held magnifiers and eye-loupes increase the retinal or corneal hazard by effectively collimating the divergent beam and directing more energy into the true limiting aperture: the eye's pupil (simulated by the 7-mm aperture for dark-adapted viewing). By contrast, telescopes and binoculars which can produce a sharp image only at distances beyond at least 2 meters, collect more radiant energy. A better simulation of risk is afforded by a 50-mm aperture at 2 meters and a 7-mm aperture at about 10 cm. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,LASER OPT RADIAT PROGRAM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 520 EP 530 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00066 ER PT B AU Stuck, BE Zwick, H Lund, DJ Scales, DK Gagliano, DA AF Stuck, BE Zwick, H Lund, DJ Scales, DK Gagliano, DA GP LASER INST AMER TI Accidental human retinal injuries by laser exposure: Implications to laser safety SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB In the past several years, the USAMRD has evaluated several laser accident/incident cases. The accidents generally occurred at close range from q-switched laser systems and resulted in retinal injury with visual function loss with varying degrees of recovery. The time course of the ophthalmoscopic consequences of the injuries was evaluated by conventional and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO). Functional evaluations included Snellen visual acuity, Amsler Grid, threshold visual fields, contrast sensitivity, color discrimination tests and performance of a pursuit tracking task. The clinical results and situational assessments of five exposure incidents are described. Five cases involved single or multiple exposures to q-switched neodymium (4) and ruby (1) laser radiation. All exposures were within 5 degrees of the fovea, yet none directly in the foveola. All patients reported subjective central vision loss in the acute phase. In one patient the visual acuity recovered from 20/60 at one week to 20/25 in four months with minimal central visual field loss. Three patients showed little to no recovery measured at 12 months with suppression of both high and low spatial frequency contrast sensitivity. Deep retinal scar formation and retinal traction were evident in two cases with vitreous hemorrhage. Nerve fiber layer damage to the papillo-macular bundle was clearly evident by SLO in one case. Visual performance measured with a pursuit tracking task revealed significant performance loss relative to normal tracking observers. Recovery from accidental laser eye injury depends on the exposure dose and location of the injury site within the retina and the potential for complicating secondary effects (e.g. scar formation, nerve fiber loss). When secondary effects are minimal, recovery to normal or near normal visual acuity may occur modified by ocular-motor processes that shift the preferred retinal location superior and slightly temporal to the fovea. RP Stuck, BE (reprint author), US ARMY MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,7914 A DR,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 576 EP 585 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00072 ER PT B AU Blonski, S Lean, MH Jensen, JL Crosier, RB Schlein, MS AF Blonski, S Lean, MH Jensen, JL Crosier, RB Schlein, MS BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Computational prototyping of the Chemical Imaging Sensor SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Spectrometry Conference CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE virtual prototyping; imaging spectrometry; Fourier transform interferometry; infrared remote sensing AB A computational prototyping environment has been developed for the Chemical Imaging Sensor, an infrared imaging passive standoff detection device based on the rapid-scan Fourier transform interferometer (Turbo-FT). The environment uses commercially available software (AVS) which features a visual programming interface, extensive visualization capabilities, interactive steering, and an ability to distribute computations over a heterogenous group of computers. Physical models developed to simulate device behavior are incorporated into AVS modules and data-flow networks. The main distinctions of the models are the use of a ray tracing algorithm in the simulations of interference in the optical system and the application of the radiometric model of MODTRAN for realistic simulations of atmospheric transmittance and radiance. The simulations predict abilities of the device to measure interferograms and spectra as well as spectral images of clouds containing harmful chemicals. RP Blonski, S (reprint author), USA,EDGEWOOD RES,CTR DEV & ENGN,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2540-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3118 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1117/12.278937 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ97Y UT WOS:A1997BJ97Y00033 ER PT S AU Lenz, DE Brimfield, AA Cook, LA AF Lenz, DE Brimfield, AA Cook, LA BE Aga, DS Thurman, EM TI Development of immunoassays for detection of chemical warfare agents SO IMMUNOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Immunochemical Technology for Environmental Applications, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-29, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID INHIBITION ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; MOUSE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SULFUR MUSTARD; CALF THYMUS; SOMAN; ELISA; QUANTIFICATION; PROTECTION; PARAOXON; ADDUCTS AB With the advent of enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) and monoclonal antibodies, there has been considerable effort devoted to the development of antibodies to detect and quantify low molecular weight toxic substances in environmental or biological fluids. Monoclonal antibodies developed against a structural analogue of the chemical warfare agent soman when used in a competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA) were capable of detecting soman in buffer solutions at a level of 10(-6) M (similar to 180 ng/mL). These antibodies were found to be highly specific for soman even in the presence of its major hydrolysis product. Subsequent studies with antisoman monoclonal antibodies extended the level of sensitivity to similar to 80 ng/mL These antibodies did not cross react with other chemical warfare nerve agents such as sarin or tabun. In all cases, the time for a confirmatory test was two hours or less. These reagents offer a sensitive, rapid and low cost approach to the diagnosis or detection of the presence of toxic chemical substances. More recent efforts have focussed on developing antibodies specific for sulfur mustard a highly reactive vesicating agent. RP Lenz, DE (reprint author), USA, MED RES INST CHEM DEF, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL BRANCH, 3100 RICKETTS POINT RD, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3487-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 657 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BH17H UT WOS:A1997BH17H00006 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, JS Middlebrook, JL Atassi, MZ AF Rosenberg, JS Middlebrook, JL Atassi, MZ TI Localization of the regions on the C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of botulinum toxin A recognized by T lymphocytes and by antibodies after immunization of mice with pentavalent toxoid SO IMMUNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPERM-WHALE MYOGLOBIN; COMPREHENSIVE SYNTHETIC APPROACH; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENETIC-CONTROL; TETANUS TOXIN; STRUCTURAL PREDICTIONS; ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES; CELL RECOGNITION; HUMAN-HEMOGLOBIN; ALPHA-CHAIN AB We have mapped the regions recognized by T and/or B cells (Abs) on the C-terminal domain (H-c) of the heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNTIA) after immunization of two inbred mouse strains with pentavalent toroid (BoNTs A, B, C, D and E). Using a set of synthetic overlapping peptides, encompassing the entire H-c domain (residues 855-1296), we demonstrated that T cells of Balb/c (H-2(d)) mice, primed with one injection of toroid, recognized two major regions within residues 897-915 and 939-957. After multiple inoculations with toroid, T cells of Balb/c expanded their recognition ability and responded very well to challenge with peptide 1261-1279 and moderately to stimulation with peptide 1249-1167. Unlike Balb/c T cells, those of toroid-primed SJL (H-2(S)) mice exhibited a more complex profile and responded to challenge with a large number of overlapping peptides. After one toroid injection, however, three peptides, 897-925, 939-957/953-971 overlap and 1052-1069, were the most potent T cells stimulators. After three toroid injections, peptides 897-915 and 1051-1069 remained immunodominant while the third region was shifted upstream to 925-943/939-957 overlap. The immunodominant epitope within peptide 897-915 was recognized exclusively by T cells, since no Abs were detected against this region. The Ab binding profiles of the two mouse strains were quite similar, showing only small quantitative differences. Both, Balb/c and SJL anti-toroid Abs displayed strong binding mainly to peptide 2177-1195, followed by peptides 869-887/883-902 overlap and 2275-1296. In addition, a significant amount of Balb/c anti-toroid Abs was bound to peptide 1235-2153. Unlike Balb/c Abs, that interacted weakly with peptides 995-1013 and 1052-1069, the anti-toroid Abs of SJL mice exhibited strong binding toward both peptides. The results showed that, in a given strain, the regions recognized by anti-toroid Abs and T cells may coincide or may be uniquely B or T cell determinants. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USA,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,DIV LIFE SCI,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,UT 84022. USA,DIV LIFE SCI,DUGWAY PROVING GROUND,UT 84022. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0882-0139 J9 IMMUNOL INVEST JI Immunol. Invest. PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.3109/08820139709022704 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XL596 UT WOS:A1997XL59600008 PM 9246568 ER PT J AU Liossis, SNC Tsokos, GC AF Liossis, SNC Tsokos, GC TI Heat-shock of normal T-cells and T-cell lines downregulates the TCR/CD3-mediated cytoplasmic Ca2+ responses and the production of inositol trisphosphate SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION AB The application of heat shock to different types of cells is known to cause multiple biochemical and metabolic changes. The predominant event though is an increased synthesis and expression of a family of proteins, the heat-shock proteins (Hsp). Some of these proteins are currently considered to be involved in the signal transduction pathway. We investigated for any possible effects of heating fresh normal peripheral T-cells and T-cell lines, on the early signal transduction events which follow the antigen (Ag) receptor-complex (TCR/CD3) crosslinking. More specifically, the Ag-receptor-initiated free cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)) responses and the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) were evaluated. Heating fresh unmanipulated peripheral T-cells 8 hours before the TCR/CD3 stimulation resulted in decreased [Ca2+](i) responses. This was also true for cells of normal short-term T-cell lines as well. The TCR/CD3-mediated production of IP3, which is a mediator of the [Ca2+](i) response, was also decreased in heat-shocked T-cells. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.3109/08923979709007672 PG 11 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YM721 UT WOS:000071094200009 PM 9436050 ER PT S AU Marinelli, AMP AF Marinelli, AMP GP IEEE INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC TI The dynamic range tester: A versatile laboratory instrument for generating two highly isolated RF signals, each with variable signal-to-noise ratio SO IMTC/97 - IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SENSING, PROCESSING, NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect AB The Dynamic Range Tester (DRT) is a dual-channel, variable signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) generator that operates in the radio frequency (rf) range (30-400 MHz) [1]. It is a convenient tool for generating two highly isolated, noisy test signals from a single signal source, in order to simulate two antennas receiving the same signals. The DRT can also process two different signals, one in each channel, in order to simulate two antennas receiving different signals. According to the selected configuration, the DRT combines the user-supplied signal(s) with internally generated noise in two separate channels. Each channel of the DRT generates wideband, random noise that is uncorrelated and isolated from the noise in the other channel by approximately 90 dB. The maximum output power is 1 W (+30 dBm) signal and 1 W noise for a 20-MHz bandwidth. The signal(s) and noise power levels may be incrementally and individually varied to generate test signals with specific S/Ns from +80 dB to -80 dB. Using both outputs of the DRT, correlator processing gains of up to 160 dB can be evaluated since correlation is multiplicative. The frequency range and bandwidth of the generated signals are limited by selecting from a bank of filters or connecting an external filter in each channel. The DRT is used for a variety of testing and demonstration purposes, including determination of dynamic range of an rf system, frequency resolution of a correlator or spectrum analyzer, and interference and bandwidth testing. RP Marinelli, AMP (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,RF IMAGE PROC BRANCH,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-3748-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1997 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH95G UT WOS:A1997BH95G00009 ER PT B AU Reynolds, CM Koenen, BA Carnahan, JB Walworth, JL Bhunia, P AF Reynolds, CM Koenen, BA Carnahan, JB Walworth, JL Bhunia, P GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Rhizosphere and nutrient effects on remediating subarctic soils SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 1 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Increased microbial activity in rhizosphere soil may be useful in enhancing bioremediation rates and endpoints. Rhizosphere-based remediation systems would be inexpensive to implement and maintain, and applicable to remote or permafrost sites. Field data that compare rhizosphere-enhanced bioremediation rates to other alternatives are limited, yet are needed for evaluating the acceptability of rhizosphere-based treatment systems. We conducted a field study in Fairbanks, Alaska, to compare the effects of nutrients and vegetation on rhizosphere-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated with either diesel or crude oil. A buried-bag technique was used to reduce contaminant spatial variability. Replicate soil samples were taken prior to fertilization and seeding and at the end of the first growing season. Soil extracts were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbon by gas chromatography. The greatest total petroleum hydrocarbon reduction rates during the initial 54 days were from Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, Lam.) and Arctared Fescue (Festuca rubra, L.) with nutrients. For this treatment, remediation rates for diesel- and crude-oil-contaminated soil were 207% and 290% of the controls, respectively. Nutrient additions without plants also increased reduction rates of total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations relative to controls. In some cases, plants without nutrient additions reduced remediation rates. Competition between plants and microorganisms for bioavailable carbon and nutrients may have caused this. RP Reynolds, CM (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(1) IS 1 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89S UT WOS:A1997BH89S00067 ER PT B AU Medina, VF McCutcheon, SC Wolfe, NL Larson, SL AF Medina, VF McCutcheon, SC Wolfe, NL Larson, SL GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Phytoremediation of explosives in soil and water: Engineering studies SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. USA,CORPS ENGN WATERWAYS EXPT STN,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00078 ER PT B AU Behrends, LL Sikora, FJ Coonrad, SH Pier, PA Almond, RA Bader, DF AF Behrends, LL Sikora, FJ Coonrad, SH Pier, PA Almond, RA Bader, DF GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Phytoremediation of explosives in groundwater using constructed wetlands SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN. USA,CTR ENVIRONM,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 315 EP 315 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00082 ER PT B AU Cleland, DD Smith, VH Graham, DW AF Cleland, DD Smith, VH Graham, DW GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Microbial population dynamics during hydrocarbon biodegradation under variable nutrient conditions SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Natural soils contain a wide variety of microbial species capable of mineralizing both long-chain alkanes and polycyclic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. Using a batch microcosm-based screening procedure, a range of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) external supply conditions, and phenanthrene as a hydrocarbon source, we determined that N and P not only influenced biodegradation rates but also caused population shifts to occur amongst the microfauna in a soil system. Results indicated that both the absolute amount and relative proportion of N and P impacted the size and diversity of the biodegrading microbial populations. In addition to effecting microorganism growth-rates, nutrient supply conditions influenced the individual species dominance. When examined in conjunction with bioavailable N and P, the dominant species appear to fulfill consistent roles within each consortium. RP Cleland, DD (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM ENGN,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00027 ER PT B AU OMara, MK AF OMara, MK GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Case study of bioventing including nutrient addition at Kincheloe AFB SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr RP OMara, MK (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,BUFFALO,NY, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00068 ER PT B AU Hampton, ML Sisk, WE AF Hampton, ML Sisk, WE GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Surfactant enhancement of soil slurry biotreatment of explosives-contaminated soils SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB In 1995, the U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of soil slurry biotreatment of explosives, in which contaminated soils are biodegraded in an aqueous suspension. Following encouraging laboratory tests, USAEC conducted a field test of the feasibility of improving bioslurry treatment through the use of food-grade surfactants. The demonstration employed 4 reactors, configured to evaluate the relative benefits of surfactant on both processing time and soil loading. Although surfactant addition reduced the process's initial adaptation time, metabolic intermediate products accumulated for longer periods during treatment. RP Hampton, ML (reprint author), USA,CTR ENVIRONM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00034 ER PT J AU Sizemore, DR Elsinghorst, EA Eck, LC Branstrom, AA Hoover, DL Warren, RL Rubin, FA AF Sizemore, DR Elsinghorst, EA Eck, LC Branstrom, AA Hoover, DL Warren, RL Rubin, FA TI Interaction of Salmonella typhi strains with cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MEROZOITE INVASION; AVIRULENT; CARRIERS; TYPHIMURIUM; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN AB Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) provided this laboratory with a tool to develop a primary-cell assay for evaluating the relative virulence of newly constructed Salmonella typhi carrier strains, In this study, the interaction with and survival within MDM were compared for Delta aroA143-attenuated strains, wildtype virulent strains, and the current oral-vaccine strain, Ty21a. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WA609 UT WOS:A1997WA60900045 PM 8975929 ER PT J AU Agin, TS Wolf, MK AF Agin, TS Wolf, MK TI Identification of a family of intimins common to Escherichia coli causing attaching-effacing lesions in rabbits, humans and swine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CITROBACTER-FREUNDII BIOTYPE; MURINE COLONIC HYPERPLASIA; EAE GENE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; VIRULENCE PROPERTIES; CLONAL RELATIONSHIPS; INTIMATE ATTACHMENT; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HAFNIA-ALVEI AB Intimin, an outer membrane protein encoded by eaeA that mediated close attachment of enteropathogenic bacteria to apical surfaces of epithelial cells, is required for formation of the attaching-effacing lesions and for full pathogenesis of the bacteria. Analysis of the eaeA sequence indicates that there is a high degree of homology at the N termini but less at the C termini of intimins. Antisera specific for the C-terminal third of RDEC-1 intimin, used to screen outer membrane proteins from 50 rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), human EPEC, and human enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain, identified cross-reactive intimins from 24 isolates. Sequence analysis of the eaeA genes from human EPEC O111 and EHEC O26 isolates indicates that their intimins have C termini nearly identical to that of RDEC-1 intimin. Our results suggest that there are at least three families of related intimins and that the presence of intimin similar to that of RDEC-1 is not restricted by serogroup or host specificity. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 50 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WA609 UT WOS:A1997WA60900048 PM 8975932 ER PT B AU Meitzler, TJ Singh, H Arefeh, L Gerhart, GR Sohn, E AF Meitzler, TJ Singh, H Arefeh, L Gerhart, GR Sohn, E BE Holst, GC TI Computing the probability of target detection in infrared and visual scenes using the fuzzy logic approach SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELLING, AND TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing VIII CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The probability of detection (Pd) of targets in infrared and visually cluttered scenes is computed using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). The FLA is presented by the authors as a robust and high fidelity method for the computation and prediction of the Pd of targets. The Mamdani/Assilian, Sugeno and Neurofuzzy-based models have been investigated. A limited data set of visual imagery has been used to model the relationships between several input parameters; the contrast, camouflage condition, range, aspect, width, and experimental Pd. The fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy models gave predicted Pd values that had 0.98 correlation to the experimental Pd's. The results obtained indicate the robustness of the fuzzy-based modeling techniques and the applicability of the FLA to those types of problems having to do with the modeling of human object detection and perception in any spectral regime. RP Meitzler, TJ (reprint author), USA,TANK AUTOMOT & ARMAMENTS COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,WARREN,MI 48397, USA. RI Meitzler, Thomas/D-1065-2017 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2478-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3063 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.276071 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ13A UT WOS:A1997BJ13A00001 ER PT B AU Cannon, MB Passmore, RC Olree, KT Dawson, JA AF Cannon, MB Passmore, RC Olree, KT Dawson, JA BE Holst, GC TI Improved acquisition capabilities of tactical IR seekers modeled with the infrared sensor performance analysis model SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELLING, AND TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing VIII CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The Infrared Sensor Performance Analysis Model (ISPAM) is a statistical tool used to evaluate detection and acquisition performances of IR sensors and seekers. ISPAM has become increasingly important in providing performance estimates for developmental infrared seekers. While models with varying degrees of freedom offer higher fidelity, the ISPAM model offers quick-look performances with relative ease particularly important in the early design phase of programs. Recent modifications to the model have been necessary to improve the fidelity in areas such as complex background clutter, signal processing techniques, and target discrimination. The model now more accurately represents the performance of state-of-the-art tactical IR sensors and seekers. In support of these modifications, the effectiveness of signal processing for target discrimination in a variety of clutter backgrounds was recently evaluated. An algorithm testbed utilizing a generic tracker and various spatial and temporal processing techniques was used in a Monte Carlo fashion to determine acquisition-ranges based on each technique. Results of one of these spatial processes, an anti-median filter, were compared to field test data generated using this same processing technique by a current developmental seeker and tracker. The acquisition ranges from this field test were compared with that of the ISPAM model. This paper will address the general methodology of ISPAM's performance prediction, and the effectiveness of signal processing on target acquisition and tracking determined from the algorithm testbed. RP Cannon, MB (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,CTR RES DEV & ENGN,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2478-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3063 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1117/12.276068 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ13A UT WOS:A1997BJ13A00017 ER PT B AU Duykers, GL AF Duykers, GL BE Holst, GC TI Test results of a ''factory'' calibration technique for non-uniformity correction of an InSb infrared system SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELLING, AND TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing VIII CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Residual fixed pattern noise (RFPN) is a strong system performance driver for missile seekers using infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA). RFPN is a result of variations in response from detector to detector in an IRFPA given a uniform input flux. This issue is further complicated by the need for reasonable correction methods for a fielded system where blackbody sources would not be available. One means of correcting a fielded system is to determine and store gains at the factory, and collect a one point offset correction in the field. For this method to be viable, gains must be stable through time. This paper presents test results for a multi-point piecewise linear correction technique using stored gains with offsets being collected just prior to correction. Data on gain stability over time and FPA temperature are presented. Results are also presented for a linear correction technique used at various FPA temperatures between approximately 77.9 to 88.1 degrees Kelvin. RP Duykers, GL (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,AMSMI RD MG IR,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2478-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3063 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.276069 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ13A UT WOS:A1997BJ13A00018 ER PT B AU Silverman, J Mooney, JM Caefer, CE AF Silverman, J Mooney, JM Caefer, CE BE Andresen, BF Strojnik, M TI Tracking point targets in cloud clutter SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIII Conference CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE staring IR camera; point target tracking; cloud clutter; triple temporal filter; metrics AB To realize the potential of modern staring IR technology as the basis for an improved IRST one requires better algorithms for detecting unresolved targets moving at fractions of a pixel per frame time. While available algorithms for such targets in white noise are reasonably good, they have high false alarm rates in non-stationary clutter, such as evolving clouds. We review here a new class of temporal filters which have outstanding signal to clutter gains in evolving clouds and still retain goad signal to temporal noise sensitivity in blue sky or night data. The generic temporal filter is a damped sinusoid, implemented recursively, Our final algorithm, a triple temporal filter (TTF) based on six parameters, consists of a sequence of two damped sinusoids followed by an exponential averaging filter, along with an edge suppression feature. Initial tests of the TTF filter concept demonstrated excellent performance in evolving cloud scenes. Three ''trackers'' based an the TTF operate in real-time hardware on laboratory TR cameras including an empirical initial version; and two recent forms identified by an optimization routine. The latter two operate. best in the two distinct realms: one for evolving cloud clutter, the other for temporal noise-dominated scenes such as blue sky or stagnant clouds. Results are presented both as specific examples and metric plots over an extensive database of local scenes with targets of opportunity. RP Silverman, J (reprint author), USA,ROME LAB,INFRARED SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2476-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3061 BP 496 EP 507 DI 10.1117/12.280369 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ64N UT WOS:A1997BJ64N00053 ER PT B AU Tidrow, MZ Chiang, JC Li, SS Bacher, K AF Tidrow, MZ Chiang, JC Li, SS Bacher, K BE Andresen, BF Strojnik, M TI A two-stack two-color high strain quantum well infrared photodetector SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIII Conference CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE multiple quantum wells; infrared photodetector; two-stack; two-color; InGaAs; mid-wavelength infrared; long wavelength; infrared; strain; lattice mismatch AB A very high performance two-stack, two-color, high strain (HS-) quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) has been demonstrated. The sample was grown on a semi-insulating (100) GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). It consists of two stacks of MWIR and LWIR QWIPs as the active region with a 100nm thick highly doped contact layer grown between the two stacks. Each stack is designed to have detection in one of the two atmospheric windows, 3-5 mu m (MWIR) and 8-12 mu m (LWIR), respectively. The MWIR stack consists of 20 periods of 300 Angstrom Al0.38Ga0.62As barrier and 24 Angstrom doped In0.35Ga0.65As well sandwiched between two 5 Angstrom, GaAs, and the LWIR stack is composed of 20 periods of 500 Angstrom Al0.27Ga0.73As barrier and 55 Angstrom GaAs well, In this work, a 35 % of Indium has been employed in the MWIR-stack which nor only shifts the peak wavelength to 4.3 mu m, but also enhances the responsivity greatly in this wavelength band. This is due to the fact that higher Indium concentration in the InGaAs QW reduces the electron effective mass and increases the intersubband absorption. Despite of the large strain induced by tile high Indium concentration, the device is highly uniform with very low dark current. For the MWIR stack, a peak responsivity of R-p = 0,65 A/W and D* = 1.9x10(11) cm-Hz(1/2)W at 4.3 trm, 3 V bias, and 77 K were obtained, while for the LWIR stack, R-p = 0,55 A/W and D* = 2.7x10(10) cm-Hz(1/2)/W at 9.4 mu m, 2 V bias, and 77 K were obtained using 45 degrees light coupling. Normal incidence without: grating coupling also has high responsivity with about 50 % for the MWIR stack and 40 % for the LWIR stack, respectively, compared with the 45 degrees incidence coupling. The BLIP temperature was found to be 125 K for the MWIR stack with a cutoff wavelength of lambda(c)=4.6 mu m and 70 K for the LWIR stack with lambda(c)=10 mu m. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL,SE,SI,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2476-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3061 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.1117/12.280397 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ64N UT WOS:A1997BJ64N00080 ER PT J AU Anderson, DR Byers, SL Clark, CR Schlehr, JA AF Anderson, DR Byers, SL Clark, CR Schlehr, JA TI Biochemical alterations in rat lung lavage fluid following acute sulfur mustard inhalation SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 95 Meeting CY APR 09-13, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA ID EARLY DAMAGE INDICATORS; TOXICITY; INJURY; GAS AB Although sulfur mustard (HD) is well known for its skin vesicating properties, most of the mortality associated with HD is due to pulmonary damage and associated infections. We have employed an in vivo HD vapor exposure model followed by bronchoalveolar lavage to provide biochemical evidence of HD-induced lung injury. Anesthetized rats were intratracheally intubated and exposed to 0.35 mg HD in 0.1 ml ethanol or ethanol alone for 50 min. At 1, 4, or 24 h postexposure, rats were euthanized, and the lungs were lavaged with saline (37 degrees C). The resulting lavage fluid was centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed on a Cobas FARA clinical analyzer for changes in lactate dehydrogenase (indicator of cytotoxicity), gamma-glutamyltransferase (bronchial epithelial damage), and total protein. Results showed a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyltransferase at each of the time points examined. Total protein levels were significantly elevated at 4 and 24 h. The identification of biochemical parameters providing the earliest indications of pulmonary injury, coupled with a description df early pathologic changes, may contribute to an understanding of HD-induced lung injury and to the subsequent development of a potential therapeutic intervention. RP Anderson, DR (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,APPL PHARMACOL BRANCH,MCMR-UV-PA,3100 RICKETTS POINT RD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA WE196 UT WOS:A1997WE19600004 ER PT J AU Cowan, FM Anderson, DR Broomfield, CA Byers, SL Smith, WJ AF Cowan, FM Anderson, DR Broomfield, CA Byers, SL Smith, WJ TI Biochemical alterations in rat lung lavage fluid following acute sulfur mustard inhalation .2. Increases in proteolytic activity SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; GUINEA-PIG; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPOSURE; CULTURE; SKIN AB Inhalation exposure of rats to sulfur mustard (HD) followed by assay of lung lavage fluid with Chromozym TH (thrombin-like) and TRY (trypsin-like) serine protease substrates revealed a time-dependent increase in proteolytic activity. HD (0.35 mg) in absolute ethanol (100 mu l) or ethanol alone (control) was placed in a glass vapor generator at 37 degrees C, and test rats were subjected to inhalation exposure for 50 min. Increased proteolysis of the TH substrate (2.6 times control levels) was seen at 4 h after HD exposure, and enhanced proteolysis of both TH and TRY substrates, 13.1 and 2.6 times control levels, respectively, was observed at 24 h. HD inhalation exposure causes lung pathology that includes multifocal petechial hemorrhages, epithelial necrosis, and separation at the mucosal-submucosal interface beginning at 6 h postexposure, with atelectasis and edema beginning at 12-18 h, and these pathological changes become more pronounced at 24 h post HD exposure (Anderson et al., 1996). The increased proteolytic activity at 4 and 24 h post HD exposure in rat lung lavage fluid is coincident with the time course of onset and development of tissue pathology in lung following HD exposure. HD-increased proteolysis may provide a biochemical marker for HD-induced pathology that might facilitate identification of mechanisms of HD action and of medical countermeasures to HD. C1 USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,BIOCHEM PHARMACOL BRANCH,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,APPL PHARMACOL BRANCH,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA WE196 UT WOS:A1997WE19600005 ER PT B AU Stenberg, DP Weaver, JB Spano, JJ Keebler, H AF Stenberg, DP Weaver, JB Spano, JJ Keebler, H BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR TI The changing world of acquisition management SO INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT - THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP: THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 97) CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Portland State Univ, Engn Management Program, Univ Tokyo, Univ Cambridge, IEEE Engn Management Soc, IEEE Oregon Sect, INFORMS Technol Management Soc q, Japan Soc Sci Policy & Res Management, Washington Cty Reg Strategies Board, Multnomah Cty Reg Strategies Board, KVO Advertising & Public Relat DE Horizontal Technology Integration; HTI; acquisition; IPT; multiple application; material AB As the acquisition world continues to change, new management practices are mandated, and reduced federal funding is forcing the Government to invest in technology upgrades of existing systems. Horizontal Technology Integration (HTI), a management philosophy, is the application of common enabling technologies across multiple systems to improve the warfighting capability of the force [6]. RP Stenberg, DP (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,AMC SWMO HTI,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3574-0 PY 1997 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1109/PICMET.1997.653346 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJ74R UT WOS:A1997BJ74R00111 ER PT B AU Masino, TR AF Masino, TR GP INST ENVIRONM SCI TI A comparison of test course spatial power spectral densities for test consistency SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Technical Meeting on Integrated Product Development CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Inst Environm Sci DE profilometer; terrain profiles; test course comparison; spatial PSDs AB When testing vehicles it becomes important to quantify terrain roughness of the test courses used, especially if the test site changes and a comparable test for the same vehicles at the new site is required. To survey all of the courses involved would be rather costly and time consuming. Instead, tile Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) profilometer was employed to quantify the terrain profiles at two test sites. The ATC profilometer is a wagon type trailer (4 wheels with 2 axles) which is drawn by a tow vehicle. The purpose of the profilometer is to make dimensional measurements necessary to determine a detailed profile (plot of elevation versus distance) of the terrain that the test vehicles are required to negotiate during testing. The terrain profiles were measured and were summarized in the form of spatial power spectral densities (PSDs). Since most of the courses from the first site were quite similar, an average spatial PSD was developed. Spatial PSDs from the second site were then compared with the average PSD from the first site, and the best matches were selected for testing at the second site. RP Masino, TR (reprint author), USA,ABERDEEN TEST CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 BN 1-877862-55-X PY 1997 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ09L UT WOS:A1997BJ09L00002 ER PT B AU Yowell, L Connon, WH AF Yowell, L Connon, WH GP INST ENVIRONM SCI TI Efficient testing using previously acquired data SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Technical Meeting on Integrated Product Development CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Inst Environm Sci DE accelerated life testing; equivalent damage; stress testing; structural testing AB A Munitions Lift Trailer was tested at the Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) in 1993-1994. Testing consisted of 3000 miles over moderate, rough and limit test courses as defined by MIL-STD-1784A. Stress and acceleration measurements were made at 122 locations during portions of the test. Structural failures were encountered during the test and the trailer was modified accordingly. It is currently scheduled for a complete retest at ATC. Testing for 3000 miles of a low speed support vehicle is time consuming and expensive. Using data from previous testing, the test conditions which cause significant structural stress will be determined and the test will be limited to those identified conditions. These are anticipated to be a reduced subset of the entire test scenario. This paper will discuss the techniques required to determine the critical test conditions and will recommend a reduced test scenario based on those results. RP Yowell, L (reprint author), USA,ABERDEEN TEST CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 BN 1-877862-55-X PY 1997 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ09L UT WOS:A1997BJ09L00016 ER PT B AU Connon, WH AF Connon, WH GP INST ENVIRONM SCI TI The DoD's virtual test and training range SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Technical Meeting on Integrated Product Development CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Inst Environm Sci DE virtual testing; modeling and simulation; synthetic environments; computer simulation AB The Virtual Test and Training Range (VTTR) is a new DoD program (FY96) which will design and develop are integrated configuration and mission control system to enable common range-like operation of live and synthetic resources from multiple labs, ranges and facilities. This system will create an affordable, realistic, synthetic combat and engineering environment for Test and Evaluation and Training and will consist of procedures, specifications and applicable software and hardware to Facilitate integration of constructive live and virtual components from multiple sources. The VTTR is being built to reduce the materiel acquisition cycle time, to expand tile training and testing envelope and to reduce resource requirements. Tare cycle time can be reduced substantially by the effective use of modeling and simulation throughout the product development cycle, minimizing the build-test-fix-test... process. Using VTTR in the initial stages of the development cycle will involve the Pester much earlier in the cycle than the current practice and will improve the test process through enhanced knowledge transfer between the developer and the tester. The ability to combine test and Braining will also shorten the acquisition cycle and will provide test data that Is currently unavailable due to cost constraints or lack of engineering information acquired during training exercises. Sophisticated, physics based models will also pra ride multiple data samples which have been previously limited due to resource constraints (e.g., missile firings, destructive tests). Techniques like those proposed for VTTR have shown significant benefits in the automotive and aerospace industries and the payoff to DoD acquisition programs is expected to be similar. The test community and organizations such as the IES face many challenges as we transition to synthetic testing. We must transform oar vast corporate knowledge of test techniques and ''ground truth'' data into synthetic procedures and best environments, and we must use these new tools to provide relevant information to the materiel developer throughout the product life cycle to enhance the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of the product. Because of ongoing efforts ire test tailoring and life cycle environment definition, the IES is uniquely positioned to move the acquisition process from the industrial age to the information age. RP Connon, WH (reprint author), USA,ABERDEEN TEST CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 BN 1-877862-55-X PY 1997 BP 110 EP 116 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ09L UT WOS:A1997BJ09L00018 ER PT B AU Stadterman, TJ Connon, W Barker, D AF Stadterman, TJ Connon, W Barker, D GP INST ENVIRONM SCI TI Accelerated vibration life testing of electronic assemblies SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Technical Meeting on Integrated Product Development CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Inst Environm Sci DE accelerated life testing; physics of failure; vibration testing; reliability testing; electronic assembly testing AB This paper describes a physics-of-failure approach for accelerated life testing of electronic assemblies using vibrational stress. Accelerated life testing is achieved by testing at stress levels greater than usage levels, and/or eliminating non-damaging portions of the usage environment from the test process, to reduce the time-to-failure, or life, of the item. The introduction provides a discussion of two difficulties encountered in accelerated life testing that have limited its application and acceptance. By using an example of an accelerated life test program for an U.S. Army electronic system, the paper then describes the steps for planning, conducting and evaluating an accelerated vibration test. The proposed accelerated testing program reduces system-level testing and testing costs over a conventional reliability test. Development of the accelerated vibration schedules and the use of physics of failure to analyze test data are stressed. Problems encountered during the implementation of this test program are also discussed. RP Stadterman, TJ (reprint author), USA,MAT SYST ANAL ACT,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 BN 1-877862-55-X PY 1997 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ09L UT WOS:A1997BJ09L00035 ER PT J AU Sengupta, S Maria, JP Sengupta, LC Synowcyznski, J McKnight, SH AF Sengupta, S Maria, JP Sengupta, LC Synowcyznski, J McKnight, SH TI The effect of ceramic target processing on pulsed laser deposited thin films of barium strontium titanium oxide SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp AB The effect of ball-milling on the powder, electronic, and optical properties of the barium strontium titanium oxide (Ba1-xSrxTiO3, BSTO; 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) ceramics have been studied in detail.([1]) Thin films of these BSTO compositions were synthesized by the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method. The ablation targets were prepared from unmilled and milled powders of BSTO. The structural, optical, and electronic properties of the bulk ceramics and the thin films were investigated. A detailed report of these studies will be presented. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MAT RES LAB,STATE COLL,PA 16802. RP Sengupta, S (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS & MAT RES DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1-4 BP 425 EP 435 DI 10.1080/10584589708221719 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YG175 UT WOS:A1997YG17500040 ER PT J AU Sengupta, LC Synowcyznski, J Chiu, LH AF Sengupta, LC Synowcyznski, J Chiu, LH TI Investigation of the effect of particle size on the optical and electronic properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 composite ceramics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; OXIDE AB As a part of an effort to optimize the performance of the ceramic phase shifters, various composites of barium strontium titanium oxide (Ba1-xSrxTiO3; BSTO; 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) combined with other nonelectrically active oxide ceramics have been formulated which possess low loss tangents and have high tunabilities. To further engineer the electronic properties of the materials, we have studied the effect of ball-milling on the powder characteristics of Ba0.6ST0.4TiO3/MgO[1] composite ceramics. The effect of the reduction of the overall particle size of the materials from ball-milling is dependent on the additive oxide content; for samples with oxide content > 5.0 wt%, the dielectric constant, and tunability (%) are decreased. Additionally, the materials have been characterized using FTIR, FT-Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and grain size analysis has been performed. RP Sengupta, LC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAP & MAT RES DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1080/10584589708013003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YF222 UT WOS:A1997YF22200029 ER PT J AU Benedetto, JM AF Benedetto, JM TI Imprint induced failure modes in ferroelectric non-volatile memories SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID CAPACITORS AB The development of a preferential state in FE capacitors due to prolonged storage in a particular memory state, i.e. ''preferential aging induced imprint,'' causes a significant vulnerability in FE non-volatile memories. Imprint due to repeated rewriting of the capacitor or by the application of a DC bias, i.e. ''external bias induced imprint,'' appears to be much more common in FE capacitors than preferential aging induced imprint, but may not pose as serious a problem from a reliability standpoint. RP Benedetto, JM (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1080/10584589708015694 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR715 UT WOS:A1997WR71500005 ER PT J AU Sengupta, LC Ngo, E Synowczynski, J AF Sengupta, LC Ngo, E Synowczynski, J TI Fabrication and characterization of ferroelectric composite ceramics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID TITANATE AB New composites of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BSTO) and nonferroelectric oxide ceramic composites with lower barium content have recently been formulated. The electronic properties of the materials including the temperature dependent properties of the dielectric constant have been investigated. The materials exhibit reduced dielectric constants, epsilon', and loss tangents, tan delta, which reduce the overall impedance mismatch and the insertion loss of the device. In addition, the tunability, change in the dielectric constant with applied voltage; is maintained at a sufficiently high level for all dielectric constants of interest. Some initial work on the microwave properties of the materials using a cylindrical TE(01) mode-filtered X-band cavity have been investigated. Fourier Transform Raman spectra were taken to provide a compositional analysis of the specimens and to provide insight into the effect of strontium and oxide additives on the structural properties. These properties have been correlated to the electronic and the microwave properties of the composite ceramic materials. RP Sengupta, LC (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,DIV CERAM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1-4 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1080/10584589708015709 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR715 UT WOS:A1997WR71500020 ER PT B AU Litz, MS Judy, DC Huttlin, GA Lazard, C Libelo, LF Zhang, XC Lu, ZG AF Litz, MS Judy, DC Huttlin, GA Lazard, C Libelo, LF Zhang, XC Lu, ZG BE Brandt, HE TI Wideband, dielectric, electric-field sensor SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE EO sensor; wideband rf sensor AB An ultra-wideband, nonperturbing, electric-field sensor is being developed that uses the linear electro-optic effect and is packaged in a suitcase-sized optical configuration. The methodology has been demonstrated on the optical bench with ZnTe and used to measure an applied electric field. The immediate goal is to demonstrate the sensor up to 5 GHz and apply it to unknown fields in a configuration that uses DAST crystals, which are significantly more sensitive than ZnTe. This sensor eventually will be applied to the measurement of electromagnetic pulses, preserving the amplitude, polarization, and phase content of the detected signal. Preliminary measurements reported here verify the crystal sensitivity and response linearity. Variations in optical configurations are compared on the basis of sensitivity. RP Litz, MS (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. RI Zhang, Xi-Cheng/G-1306-2016 OI Zhang, Xi-Cheng/0000-0003-3721-1357 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.284005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00009 ER PT B AU Latess, J Lazard, CJ Sriram, S Kingsley, SA AF Latess, J Lazard, CJ Sriram, S Kingsley, SA BE Brandt, HE TI High-power, integrated photonic, electric field sensor SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB A Mach-Zehnder interferometer designed as an electric field transducer operates without metal electrodes by incorporating a novel substrate configuration. The lithium niobate device uses reverse poling of one of the interferometer arms, which provides opposing optical phase changes in the two interferometer arms when placed in an electric field. The fabricated devices exhibit a measured minimum detectable field of 0.22 V/m root Hz and frequency response greater than 6 GHz. Theoretical calculations show that fields in excess of 330 kV/m can be detected before appreciable distortion occurs. RP Latess, J (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.284006 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00010 ER PT B AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Brandt, HE TI Possible bremsstrahlung recoil force on the linear dynamic polarisation charge of a relativistic test particle in a nonequilibrium beam-plasma system SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE radiative instability; bremsstrahlung; beam-plasma systems; relativistic electron beams AB A formulation is given for the recoil force on the linear dynamic polarization current of a relativistic test particle participating in collective bremsstrahlung in a nonequilibrium beam-plasma system. Possible contributions arise from terms involving interaction of the total field of the test particle with its own induced linear dynamic polarization. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.279426 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00012 ER PT S AU Krasko, GL AF Krasko, GL BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Energetics of ideal grain boundary fracture in iron and the thermodynamic criterion of impurity embrittlement SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Modeling of grain boundary (GB) relaxation during ideal fracture, and the fracture energetics of a Sigma 3 (111) GB in Fe was performed using the modified Finnis-Sinclair semi-empirical method, and utilizing the so-called ''environment-sensitive embedding energies'' of impurity atoms, introduced earlier by the author. The calculations were done for both the clean GB, and GB with the following impurity atoms: H, B, C, N, O, P and S. The ideal fracture was modeled by separating the two halves of crystal normal to the GB, step-wise, minimizing the total crystal energy at every step. The interplanar distances were varied, while the Fe interatomic spacing within the hexagonal planes was held fixed. When the distance between the two crystal halves: one with the impurity and another without, exceeded the interatomic interaction cut-off radius (3.6 Angstrom), two different free surfaces - with and without the impurity - emerged. The GB and surface energies were found both for the pure Fe, and that with impurity atoms at the GB or free surface. Both the (111) GB energy and the (111) surface energy of pure Fe agree well with experimental data and results of previous semi-empirical modeling. In general, the correlation between the embrittling/ cohesion enhancing effect of impurities in GB and the difference between the GB and free surface energies agrees with the thermodynamic criterion of embrittlement. RP Krasko, GL (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,DIV MAT,AMSRL,WM,ME,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00029 ER PT B AU Barnes, MJ AF Barnes, MJ BE Rozenblit, J Ewing, T Schulz, S TI Process centered displays and cognitive models for command applications SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems CY MAR 24-28, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Engn Comp Based Syst, Univ Arizona AB The purpose of this paper is to discuss the theoretical and operational considerations for knowledge representation using process-centered display concepts for modern military applications. The command and control environment of an Army maneuver brigade is described in enough detail to establish its inherent complexity. Theoretical models of human knowledge are contrasted to perceptual principles of display representation and the importance of process knowledge for command decision making is discussed. After defining the elements of a process-centered display environment, a general experimental framework is proposed to ensure the scientific validity as well as the operational usefulness of the display concepts being developed. RP Barnes, MJ (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,FT HUACHUCA FIELD ELEMENT,FT HUACHUCA,AZ, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7890-9 PY 1997 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1109/ECBS.1997.581835 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH45H UT WOS:A1997BH45H00018 ER PT B AU Knapp, BG AF Knapp, BG BE Rozenblit, J Ewing, T Schulz, S TI C3I information flow models: Integrating and interfaces SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems CY MAR 24-28, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Engn Comp Based Syst, Univ Arizona AB This report describes human-centered modeling efforts recently completed or ongoing so that users and developers of military C3I systems quantitatively assess changes in operational procedures and information technology brought about by today's political-military climate. One model is an information flow and task workload simulation, another is a rule-based information quality assessment model, and a third is a tool To model skill-ability demands for C3I jobs. Although each model has proven highly useful and successful independently, an intelligent interface linking all three models is proposed. This in effect establishes a C3I meta-model, where users can directly visualize and frame their C3I system questions, using a query and feedback interchange, and the interchange results are automatically translated to model terms and variable settings, and computational instructions. RP Knapp, BG (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,FT HUACHUCA FIELD ELEMENT,FT HUACHUCA,AZ 85616, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7890-9 PY 1997 BP 136 EP 138 DI 10.1109/ECBS.1997.581838 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH45H UT WOS:A1997BH45H00019 ER PT S AU Rhodes, DL Wolf, W AF Rhodes, DL Wolf, W GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Allocation and data arrival design of hard real-time systems SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER DESIGN - VLSI IN COMPUTERS AND PROCESSORS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Design - VLSI in Computers and Processors (ICCD 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Design Automat, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB This paper presents new models for process activation and process scheduling for real-time embedded systems. We introduce a realistic, yet high-level input data arrival model which includes both polled and interrupt-driven process activation. We consider the effect of combinations of these process activation styles on a static, priority-based preemptive scheduler Given a set of periodic tasks and a set of resources (e.g. processors), a configuration is defined as: i) a mapping of each process to a resource; ii) assignment of priority to each process; and iii) a mapping of each interprocess communication event to either a polled or interrupt-driven implementation. We present a new method which utilizes an exact schedule analysis to determine a configuration which can meet hard real rime deadlines subject to a fixed limit on the number of interrupts available per resource. Task graph examples and comparisons are used to validate the method. RP Rhodes, DL (reprint author), USA,CECOM,RD&E CTR,AMSEL RD C2 SC M,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6404 BN 0-8186-8207-8 J9 PR IEEE COMP DESIGN PY 1997 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1109/ICCD.1997.628900 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BJ80H UT WOS:A1997BJ80H00056 ER PT B AU Rosario, DS AF Rosario, DS GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Estimating squinted SAR data: An efficient multivariate minimization approach using only essential 3-D target information SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Differences among images formed with the same radar viewing direction, but with different radar motion directions, are a pressing issue for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition. An efficient algorithm that exploits essential three-dimensional target information and basic characteristics of SAR image formation is proposed to manage the problem. A proof-of-principle experiment using SAR images of a target produced promising results. RP Rosario, DS (reprint author), USA,ARMY RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 718 EP 721 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90D UT WOS:A1997BJ90D00182 ER PT S AU Gebhart, DL Hale, TA AF Gebhart, DL Hale, TA GP INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC INT EROS CONTROL ASSOC TI Evaluation of dust control agents at Fort Campbell, Kentucky SO INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 28: EROSION CONTROL AND THE ENVIRONMENT ... WORKING IN HARMONY SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Erosion-Control-Association Conference 28 CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Hydro Blanket, N Amer Green, Amer Excelsior Co, Earth Sci Div AB Wheeled and tracked vehicle operation on dry, unsurfaced roadways creates tremendous amounts of dust as soil particles are dislodged and carried into the atmosphere through wind action. Numerous products have been developed for controlling dust on unsurfaced roadways, but very little data exists from replicated, large scale field experiments designed to evaluate their effectiveness, durability over time, and cost. To assist installation public works, environmental, and natural resources managers in selecting durable and cost effective dust control products, a research/demonstration project on unsurfaced roadways at Fort Campbell was initiated during the spring of 1996. Products evaluated included 38% calcium chloride, proprietary polyvinyl acrylic emulsion, soybean processing by-products, and an untreated control. At Fort Campbell, each dust control product was applied to recently graded segments of unsurfaced roadways according to manufacturers recommendations. This arrangement was repeated three times, allowing for statistical inferences to be drawn from the dust control data. Dust control data were collected at monthly intervals following product application. Levels of dust control associated with each product and the untreated control were evaluated using dust collection pans and photographic images captured immediately preceding and at five seconds after controlled vehicle traffic. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance and products ranked in order of effectiveness using mean separation procedures. Cost and performance data suggest that calcium chloride provided good levels of dust control for periods exceeding 90 days. Conversely, polyvinyl acrylic emulsion and soybean processing by-products were exhibiting deterioration after 60 days, especially on road surfaces completely covered with limestone aggregates. RP Gebhart, DL (reprint author), USA, CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LABS, POB 9005, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1997 VL 28 BP 377 EP 384 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BH75C UT WOS:A1997BH75C00033 ER PT J AU Smith, A Hayes, DR AF Smith, A Hayes, DR TI The shadow of the polls: Electoral effects on international agreements SO INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE two-level games; international negotiations ID PRESIDENTIAL-CANDIDATES; DOMESTIC POLITICS; FOREIGN-POLICY AB Using Putnam's (1988) metaphor of two-level games, we consider the relationship between international agreements and domestic elections. We develop a Reversion Point game to reflect the anarchy of the international system. In this game, deals last only as long as both sides continue to support them. When nations form international agreements, they do so knowing how these agreements affect future renegotiations. Rather than model the electorate as an informal ratifier of agreements, we assume that voters make deliberate choices about which party to elect. Since agreements made prior to an election affect the deals that are renegotiated following an election, today's agreements affect which party the electorate prefer to renegotiate agreements in the future. Thus, agreements affect the outcome of elections. A government's strategy in negotiations is therefore affected by how deals influence future renegotiation and elections. We characterize the circumstances under which elections compel governments to accept agreements that myopically they do not support or reject agreements that are myopically favorable. C1 TROY STATE UNIV,FT BRAGG,NC. RP Smith, A (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT POLIT SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0305-0629 J9 INT INTERACT JI Int. Interact. PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 79 EP 108 DI 10.1080/03050629708434902 PG 30 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA XG351 UT WOS:A1997XG35100004 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Crowley, JS AF Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Crowley, JS TI Sustaining female helicopter pilot performance with dexedrine(R) during sleep deprivation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To investigate the efficacy of Dexedrine(R) for maintaining the performance of sleep deprived female aviators, 6 female UH-60 pilots were exposed to 2 40-hr sleep deprivation periods during which they alternately received Dexedrine(R) (3 10-mg doses) or placebo. Dexedrine improved 6 of 9 flight simulator maneuvers and enhanced general levels of alertness as measured by EEG and Profile of Mood States assessments. The results from a cognitive test were negligible and inconsistent, probably because of the short test duration. Overall, it appeared that Dexedrine(R) effectively sustained the performance, alertness, and mood of female UH-60 pilots despite short-term sleep loss. There were no problematic side effects. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,AEROMED FACTORS BRANCH,FT RUCKER,AL 36362, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 15 EP 36 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap0701_2 PG 22 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA WK920 UT WOS:A1997WK92000002 ER PT J AU Comperatore, CA Allan, LW AF Comperatore, CA Allan, LW TI Effectiveness of institutionalized countermeasures on crew rest during rapid transitions from daytime to nighttime flying SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Aircrews frequently experience sleep loss when working rapidly rotating flight schedules. This study evaluated the efficacy of crew rest maintenance policies implemented by a school df aviation, After night flights, pilots living at home experienced daily reductions in sleep time, whereas pilots living under the school's regulations maintained equivalent sleep durations after day and night flights. In-house pilots maximized the use of rest opportunities when organizational support was both explicit and deliberate. Often overlooked, institutional support may be a critical element in the development and successful execution of crew rest plans. RP Comperatore, CA (reprint author), USA,AEROMED RES LAB,MCMR UAS AF,POB 620577,FT RUCKER,AL 36363, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap0702_3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA WW375 UT WOS:A1997WW37500003 ER PT J AU Stewart, JE AF Stewart, JE TI The effects of the AH-64A Pilot's Night Vision System on the performance of seven simulated maneuver tasks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Pilot's Night Vision System (PNVS) allows the pilot of the AH-64A Apache helicopter to fly and navigate effectively at night. The PNVS restricts field of view (FOV) and degrades visual acuity, two factors that should adversely affect pilot performance during night operations, especially for flight maneuvers that rely on peripheral cues. Participants, all AH-64A instructor pilots, flew a mission profile in a high-fidelity simulation of the AH-64A. The profile consisted of seven routine maneuvers that were flown first under daytime (baseline) conditions (using a rear projection display with a 174 degrees FOV) then under night conditions (with a simulated PNVS display with a 40 degrees FOV). Automated performance measures were the main dependent variables. It was expected that pilot performance degradation would be significant on hovering turns, takeoffs, and landings, and negligible on stationary hovering and hover taxiing. Significant performance degradations were found for all maneuver tasks. Applications of the findings to training and pilot workload standards are discussed. RP Stewart, JE (reprint author), USA, RES INST, ROTARY WING AVIAT RES UNIT, BLDG 5100, FT RUCKER, AL 36362 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 183 EP 200 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap0703_1 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA XH509 UT WOS:A1997XH50900001 ER PT J AU Lewicki, DG Ballarini, R AF Lewicki, DG Ballarini, R TI Rim thickness effects on gear crack propagation life SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE rims; crack propagation; crack growth; gears; fracture mechanics; finite element modeling; stress intensity; factors ID TOOTH AB Analytical and experimental studies were performed to investigate the effect of gear rim thickness on crack propagation life. The FRANC (FRacture ANalysis Code) computer program was used to simulate crack propagation. The FRANC program used principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics, finite element modeling, and a unique re-meshing scheme to determine crack tip stress distributions, estimate stress intensity factors, and model crack propagation. Various fatigue crack growth models were used to estimate crack propagation life based on the calculated stress intensity factors. Experimental tests were performed in a gear fatigue rig to validate predicted crack propagation results. Test gears were installed with special crack propagation gages in the tooth fillet region to measure bending fatigue crack growth. Good correlation between predicted and measured crack growth was achieved when the fatigue crack closure concept was introduced into the analysis. As the gear rim thickness decreased, the compressive cyclic stress in the gear tooth fillet region increased. This retarded crack growth and increased the number of crack propagation cycles to failure. C1 NASA, USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Propuls Directorate,Langley Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Lewicki, DG (reprint author), NASA, USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Propuls Directorate,Langley Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PY 1997 VL 87 IS 1 BP 59 EP 86 DI 10.1023/A:1007368801853 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA ZC473 UT WOS:000072582800004 ER PT J AU Bless, SJ Gooch, W Satapathy, S Campos, J Lee, M AF Bless, SJ Gooch, W Satapathy, S Campos, J Lee, M TI Penetration resistance of titanium and ultra-hard steel at elevated velocities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY OCT 08-10, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY ID ROD PROJECTILES AB Hypervelocity penetration data are reported for two high strength materials of potential importance for the next generation of armored vehicles-titanium and ultra-hard steel. For titanium, it is found that the mass efficiency has not achieved its hydrodynamic limit at 2.57 km/s. The observed R-t values can be explained with a penetration model that takes shear cracks into account. For ultra-hard steel, the hydrodynamic limit for mass efficiency is achieved at 2.6 km/s. The performance of this material is also found to depend strongly on the ratio of target thickness to penetrator diameter. C1 USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD. RP Bless, SJ (reprint author), INST ADV TECHNOL,AUSTIN,TX, USA. RI Satapathy, Sikhanda/L-5264-2015 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1-5 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)87486-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YJ678 UT WOS:A1997YJ67800014 ER PT J AU Grace, FI Rupert, NL AF Grace, FI Rupert, NL TI Analysis of long rods impacting ceramic targets at high velocity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY OCT 08-10, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY ID PENETRATION; ALUMINUM; KM/S AB This paper presents an analysis of recently reported experimental data on penetration of semi-infinite ceramic and metal targets by long rods at relatively high velocity (up to 4,500 m/s). Data examined were for pure tungsten rods having length-to-diameter ratios of 15 and 20. The rods were impacted by confined aluminum nitride (AlN), alumina (Al2O3), and a metal target of aluminum in reverse ballistic tests. Penetration rates were reported to be essentially constant throughout the penetration process at all impact velocities considered. Further, depths of penetration characterized as ''primary penetration'' agreed with expected levels based on measured penetration rates and rod erosion rates. However, above an impact velocity of about 2,000 m/s, considerably more penetration was observed in ALN and aluminum targets. In this effort, established techniques were used to treat penetration into semi-infinite ceramic, to include the high initial strength of the ceramic and its degradation, in time, through time-dependent damage mechanisms. The model results agreed with reported primary penetrations for AlN and aluminum targets. Further, additional ''secondary penetration'' by the rod erosion products at these high impact velocities was explored. The paper includes detailed descriptions of the analysis and some physical interpretations for the observations. RP Grace, FI (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1-5 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)87501-X PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YJ678 UT WOS:A1997YJ67800029 ER PT J AU Tharion, WJ Montain, SJ OBrien, C Shippee, RL Hoban, JL AF Tharion, WJ Montain, SJ OBrien, C Shippee, RL Hoban, JL TI Effects of military exercise tasks and a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on rifle shooting performance in two shooting positions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE marksmanship; backpack carry; rock climbing; uphill running; sport drinks ID MARKSMANSHIP AB The effect of exercise, consumption of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink and shooting position (standing vs. prone) on marksmanship accuracy and sighting time were measured in 27 experienced marksmen. Participants 'dry-fired' a laser equipped rifle simulator system at a 2.3 cm circular target at a distance of 5 m. Marksmanship was assessed under the following conditions: (1) at rest; (2) after completing a 14.7 km road march (10.4 km with a 21 kg pack); and (3) after a combined timed rock climb and 700 m uphill run. The road march reduced marksmanship accuracy and sighting time (p < 0.05) while the climb and uphill run did not affect marksmanship. Consumption of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink did not preserve marksmanship accuracy after exercise. Shooting prone was significantly more accurate and faster than shooting from the standing position (p < 0.05). Relevance to industry The effects of drinking a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink and performing heavy work on a subsequent fine motor-visual vigilance type task was studied. Implications are for the military, but also for industries whose work involves tasks that are both physically demanding and require precision (e.g. linemen working for the telephone company climbing a pole and then cutting a small single wire). C1 USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,NATICK,MA 01760. RP Tharion, WJ (reprint author), USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,MIL NUTR DIV,GEOCENTERS INC,NATICK,MA 01760, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0169-8141(95)00087-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA VU979 UT WOS:A1997VU97900004 ER PT J AU Hahn, SM Sullivan, FJ DeLuca, AM Sprague, M Hampshire, VA Krishna, MC Russo, A Mitchell, JB AF Hahn, SM Sullivan, FJ DeLuca, AM Sprague, M Hampshire, VA Krishna, MC Russo, A Mitchell, JB TI Protection of mitomycin C induced skin extravasation with the nitroxide, 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL (3-CP) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitroxide; mitomycin-C; extravasation; skin; swine; 3-CP ID DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; CYTOTOXICITY; PREVENTION; INJURIES; NECROSIS; ULCERS; OXYGEN; DAMAGE; TEMPOL; DMSO AB Extravasation tissue injury from chemotherapeutic drugs is a serious clinical problem. A swine model has been useful for studying skin extravasation and evaluating potential antidotes. Mitomycin C (MMC) skin extravasation was studied. Nitroxides, a class of compounds which are protective against a variety of oxidative stresses in vitro, including MMC, were tested as antidotes. Miniature swine were anesthetized and given intradermal (ID) injections of MMC. MMC alone caused skin necrosis and ulceration. Several nitroxides were screened as protectors of MMC induced skin necrosis. 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL (3-CP) was the lone nitroxide which protected if given 5 min after extravasation. Administration of 3-CP 10 min after MMC injection was not protective. In vitro studies with monolayered V79 cells showed that 3-CP had a direct protective effect against MMC cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent fashion. Therefore, in the swine model doses of 3-CP ranging from 25-100 mM were tested and found to protect against MMC skin necrosis 90 days after injection. Histologic sections of the 3-CP- and MMC-treated pig skin showed a marked reduction in the degree of acute inflammation and the absence of deep dermal scarring when compared to MMC alone. C1 NCI,RADIAT BIOL BRANCH,DIV CLIN SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. NIH,VET RESOURCES PROGRAM,NATL CTR RES RESOURCES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT JOURNAL ONCOLOGY PI ATHENS PA C/O PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS, EDITORIAL OFFICE, 1, S MERKOURI ST, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA WA196 UT WOS:A1997WA19600018 PM 21533354 ER PT J AU Wright, TW Ravichandran, G AF Wright, TW Ravichandran, G TI Canonical aspects of adiabatic shear bands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Failure Mode Selection in Solids, at the International Mechanical Engineering Congress CY NOV 12-17, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION AB It is demonstrated that, for relatively mild conditions on the thermal-viscous Row law, the structure of all adiabatic shear bands is the same within scalings that depend only on simple material properties. This fact in turn suggests that measurements made in the neighborhood of a band, together with the known canonical structure, may provide a window into material response under extreme conditions that are not accessible by ordinary laboratory means. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CALTECH,GRAD AERONAUT LABS,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP Wright, TW (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 309 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(97)80002-2 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA XL861 UT WOS:A1997XL86100002 ER PT J AU Sawyer, TE Bonner, JA Gould, PJ Foote, RL Deschamps, C Trastek, VF Pairolero, PC Allen, MS Lange, CM Li, H AF Sawyer, TE Bonner, JA Gould, PJ Foote, RL Deschamps, C Trastek, VF Pairolero, PC Allen, MS Lange, CM Li, H TI Identification of risk groups in patients with completely resected N1 non-small cell lung carcinoma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 317 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)80920-0 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000445 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, BJ Donaldson, SS Mendenhall, WM Recht, A Hoppe, RT Grigsby, PW Turrisi, AT Tepper, JE Roach, M Larson, DA Withers, HR Purdy, JA AF Goldsmith, BJ Donaldson, SS Mendenhall, WM Recht, A Hoppe, RT Grigsby, PW Turrisi, AT Tepper, JE Roach, M Larson, DA Withers, HR Purdy, JA TI The Internet Radiation Oncology Journal Club - A multi-institutional collaborative education project. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,HONOLULU,HI. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. JOINT CTR RADIAT THERAPY,BOSTON,MA. MALLINCKRODT INST RADIOL,ST LOUIS,MO. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27515. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 356 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)80998-4 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000521 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Zhao, H Krasko, GL AF Grujicic, M Zhao, H Krasko, GL TI Atomistic simulation of Sigma 3 (111) grain boundary fracture in tungsten containing various impurities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; METALS AB The effect of various impurities and micro-alloying additions (B, N, C, O, Al, Si, S and P) on the intrinsic resistance of the Sigma 3 (111) grain boundary in tungsten has been investigated using the molecular dynamics simulation. The atomic interactions have been accounted for through the use of Finnis-Sinclair interatomic potentials. The fracture resistance of the grain boundary has been characterized by computing, in each case, the ideal work of grain boundary separation, the mode I stress intensity factor and the Eshelby's F-1 conservation integral at the onset of crack propagation. The results obtained suggest that pure tungsten is relatively resistant to grain boundary decohesion and that this resistance is further enhanced by the presence of B, C and N. Elements such as O, Al and Si however, have a relatively minor effect on the cohesion strength of the Sigma 3(111) grain boundary. In sharp contrast, S and P greatly reduce this strength making tungsten quite brittle. These findings have been correlated with the effect of the impurity atoms on material evolution at the crack tip. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Program Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AMSRL MA CC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Program Mat Sci & Engn, 241 Flour Daniel EIB, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 341 EP 355 DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(97)87508-7 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YR245 UT WOS:000071475500008 ER PT J AU Segletes, SB AF Segletes, SB TI Homogenized penetration calculations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB A model was developed which describes the penetration of a target composed of multiple discrete elements in terms of the penetration of an equivalent single-element target of identical thickness. To achieve this aim, the effective density and target resistance terms for the equivalent target have been homogenized from the densities and target resistances of the individual discrete elements composing the original target. Though the current model may be employed to treat a target's internal air gaps in the homogenization process, the current model does nothing special to address target considerations, such as obliquity, confinement, length-to-diameter (L/D) effects, etc. Rather, the model was intentionally restricted to flat-plate-type target elements being impacted at normal incidence, to focus upon the homogenization technique itself. To avoid the need to transform the shape or velocities of the bodies in question, only techniques which strictly preserved length and time dimensions were considered. Several homogenization schemes were examined and compared to the corresponding multi-element penetration calculation. It was determined that a straightforward volume averaging of target properties is usually not sufficient to effectively simulate a multi-element target. Other techniques presented here seem to do a better job at predicting residual penetrator length and velocity, respectively. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Segletes, SB (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AMSRL,WT,TD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0020-7683(95)00286-3 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA VU134 UT WOS:A1997VU13400004 ER PT J AU Olson, CT Menton, RG Kiser, RC Matthews, MC Stotts, RR Romano, JR Koplovitz, I Hackley, BE Johnson, JB AF Olson, CT Menton, RG Kiser, RC Matthews, MC Stotts, RR Romano, JR Koplovitz, I Hackley, BE Johnson, JB TI Efficacies of atropine/2-PAM and atropine/HI-6 in treating monkeys intoxicated with organophosphonate nerve agents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-PAM; atropine; HI-6; monkeys; nerve agents; organophosphates ID STAGEWISE AB The efficacies of atropine (ATR)/2-PAM and ATR/HI-6 in treating male rhesus monkeys injected with the neurotoxic organophosphonate (OF) agents GA, GB, GD, GF, or VX were compared. Experiments were conducted using no more than 8 monkeys per OP and treatment regimen. Doses were selected using a modified up-and-clown experimental design, challenging one monkey per day per OP and treatment. Results were used to approximate the median, lethal dose (MLD) for groups of treated monkeys or monkeys given only a vehicle following challenge with an OF. Mortality and signs of intoxication with each treatment were statistically compared. Doses of 2-PAM (25.7 mg/kg) or HI-6 (50 mg/kg) and atropine (0.4 mg free base/kg) were given in a single intramuscular (IM) injection 1 min following challenge with an OF. Strong and well-defined relationships between agent close and 10-h lethality were observed in untreated animals. The 10-h IM OP MLDs for untreated monkeys were estimated to be 80, 43, 8.0, 22, and 7.4 mu g/kg for GA, GB, GD, GF, and VX, respectively. No statistical differences were found between ATR/2-PAM and ATR/HI-6 treatment efficacies in preventing lethality for arty of the OPs. Both oxime combinations appear to provide protection against a 2 x 10-h MLD of GA, GF, or VX; only ATR/2-PAM provided this level of protection from GB, and neither oxime provided protection from 2 x 10-h GD MLD. C1 USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD. BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. RP Olson, CT (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,JM-3,505 KING AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43201, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XB220 UT WOS:A1997XB22000004 ER PT J AU Hudson, HL Thach, AB Lopez, PF AF Hudson, HL Thach, AB Lopez, PF TI Retinal manifestations of acute murine typhus SO INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endemic typhus; murine typhus; retina; retinitis; Rickettsia typhi ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; NEURORETINITIS; FLEAS AB Purpose: To report the ocular manifestations of acute serologically confirmed murine typhus. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical history, photography and fluorescein angiography of two patients with acute murine typhus with ocular involvement was conducted. Results: A 38 year old male and a 49 year old female were included in the study. Both complained of fever, headache, rash, night sweats and pulmonary symptoms. They had noted the recent onset of diminished visual acuity and floaters. Examination of the posterior pole revealed mild optic nerve head edema (in one patient), intraretinal hemorrhages and small localized areas of retinal whitening. The history confirmed that both patients had been exposed to fleas and the serologic testing was positive for Rickettsia typhi. The systemic and ocular findings resolved after the use of systemic antibiotics. Conclusion: Rickettsial diseases such as murine typhus should be included in the differential diagnosis of otherwise healthy individuals who present with an acute systemic febrile illness and retinitis or neuroretinitis. Summary Statement: The clinical features of two patients with serologically proven acute murine typhus with ocular involvement are presented. Both patients presented with a retinal whitening that resolved after treatment. C1 Ctr Excellence Eye Care, Miami, FL 33176 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Doheny Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Retina Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophtalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lopez, PF (reprint author), Ctr Excellence Eye Care, Baptist Med Arts Bldg E Tower,8940 N Kendall Dr,, Miami, FL 33176 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5701 J9 INT OPHTHALMOL JI Int. Ophthalmol. PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1023/A:1026495423480 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA ZK662 UT WOS:000073347800002 PM 9587827 ER PT J AU Thach, AB Marx, JL Frambach, DA LaBree, LD Lopez, PF AF Thach, AB Marx, JL Frambach, DA LaBree, LD Lopez, PF TI Choroidal hypoperfusion after surgical excision of subfoveal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration SO INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-related macular degeneration; indocyanine green; choroid; choroidal circulation; subfoveal surgery ID RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; INDOCYANINE GREEN VIDEOANGIOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE ANGIOGRAPHY; BLOOD-FLOW; TRANSPLANTATION; EXPERIENCE; FEATURES AB Purpose. To study the choroidal circulation after surgical excision of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes (SFCNVM) in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods. Twelve eyes of eleven patients with ARMD that underwent surgical excision of SFCNVMs were evaluated with stereoscopic color fundus photography, stereoscopic fluorescein angiography (FA) and scanning laser ophthalmoscope-indocyanine green videoangiography (SLO-ICGv). The patients were followed for a mean of 7.9 months (range 2 to 14 months). Results. Preoperatively, all eyes had angiographic evidence of a SFCNVM, with SLO-ICGv showing the presence of a choriocapillary blush. Postoperatively, stereoscopic color fundus photographs documented that the bed of the surgical excision was characterized by an absence of visible retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) pigmentation in all eyes. Stereoscopic FA of the excision bed revealed choriocapillary hypofluorescence with visible dye perfusion in the underlying medium and large choroidal vessels in all eyes. SLO-ICGv of the excision bed disclosed the presence of perfused medium and large choroidal vessels, but a marked choroidal hypofluorescence with loss of the choriocapillary and small choroidal vascular filling within the excision bed in eleven of the twelve eyes. Conclusion. Our results indicate that both choriocapillary and small choroidal vascular filling is frequently abnormal or absent in the bed of surgically excised subfoveal neovascular membranes in ARMD. This finding, which may represent either pathologic or iatrogenic choriocapillary and small choroidal vascular atrophy or occlusion with preservation of perfusion in the underlying medium and large choroidal vessels, may influence structural and visual recovery after submacular surgery for ARMD, despite RPE transplantation or regeneration. C1 DOHENY EYE INST,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5701 J9 INT OPHTHALMOL JI Int. Ophthalmol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 205 EP 213 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WT107 UT WOS:A1997WT10700007 ER PT J AU Barbiero, RP James, WF Barko, JW AF Barbiero, RP James, WF Barko, JW TI The effects of a change in withdrawal operations on phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin (USA) SO INTERNATIONALE REVUE DER GESAMTEN HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE reservoir management; flushing rate; phosphorus loading ID IMPOUNDMENTS; PHOSPHORUS; SHALLOW; RIVERS; TIME; LAKE AB Selective withdrawal through the surface outlet was employed in Eau Galle Reservoir to reduce phytoplankton populations by 1) strengthening thermal stability, thereby decreasing vertical entrainment of hypolimnetic phosphorus (P); and 2) increasing epilimnetic flushing rate and discharge of algae. In spite of substantial release of sediment P over the growing season, epilimnentic P concentrations were overwhelming dominated by external sources, and thus insensitive to changes in withdrawal depth. Nor did surface withdrawal increase flushing rate sufficiently to affect phytoplankton biomass. In one year, an increase in thermal stability, due in part to surface withdrawal, permitted the development of a metalimnetic chlorophyll maximum in a summer that also experienced relatively low populations of 'nuisance' cyanophytes, and can be regarded as a positive effect of the change in operations. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Bot, Galway, Ireland. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. AScI Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Barbiero, RP (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Bot, Galway, Ireland. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0020-9309 J9 INT REV GES HYDROBIO JI Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. PY 1997 VL 82 IS 4 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1002/iroh.19970820410 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YP111 UT WOS:000071243800007 ER PT J AU Benedetti, JK Burris, HA Balcerzak, SP Macdonald, JS AF Benedetti, JK Burris, HA Balcerzak, SP Macdonald, JS TI Phase II trial of topotecan in advanced gastric cancer: A Southwest Oncology Group study SO INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS LA English DT Article DE advanced gastric cancer; topotecan; phase II trial ID DOXORUBICIN; MITOMYCIN; 5-FLUOROURACIL AB Topotecan (NSC 609099) is a camptothecin analogue that demonstrated activity against a variety of human tumors in preclinical studies. A phase II trial was performed with topotecan given to patients with locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Topotecan was administered IV Bolus over 30 minutes on a daily X 5 schedule, every three weeks, with a starting dose of 1.5 mg/m(2). Twenty patients were entered onto the study, all of whom were eligible. All patients were evaluable for toxicities. Half of these patients experienced at least one Grade 4 hematologic toxicity, comprised of either granulocytopenia or leukopenia (4 patients with both, 3 patients with grade 4 granulocytopenia, and 2 patients with only grade 4 leukopenia). Other non-life threatening (Grade 3) toxicities included nausea (2 patients), weakness (2 patients), weight loss (1 patient), blurred vision (1 patient), diarrhea (1 patient) and malaise/fatigue/lethargy (1 patient). Two patients achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 10% (95% confidence interval of 1.2 to 31.7%). The median survival for the 20 patients was five months. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. TEMPLE UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. RP Benedetti, JK (reprint author), SW ONCOL GRP 9150,OPERAT OFF,CTR STAT,14980 OMICRON DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78245, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6997 J9 INVEST NEW DRUG JI Invest. New Drugs PY 1997 VL 15 IS 3 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1023/A:1005899720463 PG 4 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YE329 UT WOS:A1997YE32900011 PM 9387050 ER PT J AU Seal, L Von Hoff, D Lawrence, R Izbicka, E Jamison, RM AF Seal, L Von Hoff, D Lawrence, R Izbicka, E Jamison, RM TI An in vitro assessment of the antineoplastic potential of 2H-1,3-oxazine-2,6(3H)-dione (3-oxauracil), a novel pyrimidine SO INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS LA English DT Article DE 3-oxauracil; human tumor cell lines; BACTEC in vitro assay ID SYSTEM; CANCER AB The pyrimidine (uracil) analogue 3-oxauracil(OU) previously had been shown to completely inhibit the growth of E. coli B and decrease by 96% the replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 when present in the culture fluid at a concentration of 10(2) mu M. Limited in vivo studies in mice demonstrated antiviral effects without significant toxicity when given i.p. daily for two weeks at a concentration of 3.23 mg/kg. However, the antineoplastic properties of OU were unknown. We assessed the ability of OU to inhibit the proliferation of various human tumor cell lines (3 pancreatic, 1 colon, 1 neuroendocrine, and 1 lung) in an in vitro radiometric (Bactec) system. In the pancreatic lines (RWP-2, MiaPaCa-2, and PANC-1), the colon line (HT-29), the neuroendocrine line (COLO 320DM), and the lung cancer cell line (SK-MES-1), OU at a concentration of 10(3) mu M, produced a dramatic decrease in percent cell survival. When compared with cytotoxic drugs of choice for these tumor cells (gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and adriamycin, respectively) a significantly higher concentration of OU was required usually to achieve comparable results with two exceptions. These were the HT-29 and the COLO 320DM cell lines. These results indicate OU has significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxic activity against pancreatic, colon, neuroendocrine, and nonsmall cell lund cancer lines, when compared to untreated control cultures. Additional in vivo testing of this potential antineoplastic agent is warranted. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Shreveport, LA USA. RP Seal, L (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6997 J9 INVEST NEW DRUG JI Invest. New Drugs PY 1997 VL 15 IS 4 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1023/A:1005962224801 PG 5 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZC471 UT WOS:000072582600003 PM 9547671 ER PT B AU Galbicka, G AF Galbicka, G BE Hayes, LJ Ghezzi, PM TI Rate and the analysis of behavior: Time to move forward? SO INVESTIGATIONS IN BEHAVIORAL EPISTEMOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nevada Conference on Philosophy of Science in Psychological Perspective CY JAN, 1996 CL RENO, NV ID FIXED-INTERVAL SCHEDULES; VARIABLE-INTERVAL; REINFORCEMENT; SHOCK; PUNISHMENT; MECHANICS; DYNAMICS C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CONTEXT PRESS PI RENO PA 933 GEAR STREET, RENO, NV 89503-2729 USA BN 1-878978-29-2 PY 1997 BP 85 EP 100 PG 16 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC History & Philosophy of Science; Psychology GA BQ34R UT WOS:000088060500009 ER PT B AU Kwon, H Venkatraman, M Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Venkatraman, M Nasrabadi, NM GP IEEE TI Very low bit rate video codec using variable blocksize entropy-constrained residual vector quantization SO ISCAS '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS I - IV: CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS IN THE INFORMATION AGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 97) - Circuits and Systems in the Information Age CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL HONG KONG, HONG KONG SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc DE very low bit rate video coding; vector quantisation; DCT; variable blocksize AB In this paper we study coding of video sequences at very low bitrates using an entropy-constrained variable block size residual vector quantizer. For a given complexity, it is well understood that structured vector quantizers perform better than unstructured and unconstrained vector quantizers. A combination of structured vector quantizers is used in this paper to encode the video sequences. The proposed codec uses a Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) based transform vector quantizer and a variable-rate residual vector quantizer in cascade. The transform-VQ captures the low-frequency information using only a small portion of the bit-budget, while the later stage residual VQ captures the high-frequency information using the remaining bits. A strategy to adaptively refine only areas of high activity using recursive decomposition and selective refinement is used in the later stages. An entropy constraint is used to modify the codebooks to allow better entropy coding of the indices. Performance of the proposed codec is evaluated and compared with the H.263 based codec. Experimental results show not only better quantitative performance but also significantly better perceptual quality. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3583-X PY 1997 BP 1460 EP 1463 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJ47Z UT WOS:A1997BJ47Z00366 ER PT J AU Porter, KR Mascola, JR Hupudio, H Ewing, D VanCott, TC Anthony, RL Corwin, AL Widodo, S Ertono, S McCutchan, FE Burke, DS Hayes, CG Wignall, FS Graham, RR AF Porter, KR Mascola, JR Hupudio, H Ewing, D VanCott, TC Anthony, RL Corwin, AL Widodo, S Ertono, S McCutchan, FE Burke, DS Hayes, CG Wignall, FS Graham, RR TI Genetic, antigenic and serologic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; genotype; neutralization tests ID HIV-1 SUBTYPES; THAILAND AB To examine the genetic and antigenic characteristics of HIV-1 in Indonesia, samples from 19 HIV-positive volunteers were studied. By a combination of PCR typing and DNA sequence analysis, 12 of the 19 volunteers were determined to be infected with HIV-1 clade B and seven with clade E. Six of the seven Indonesian clade E isolates were from volunteers associated with the Indonesian Military during a peacekeeping mission in Cambodia. Infectivity reduction neutralization assays showed that the Indonesian E viruses were effectively neutralized by Thailand clade E HIV-1 antisera but not by U.S. clade B antisera. The Indonesian clade B virus tested was neutralized by U.S. clade B antisera and not by the Thailand E antisera. Using a previously described serologic typing ELISA based on clade B and E V3 peptides, genetic clade was accurately determined in eight of eight sera tested. This is the first report of the genetic and antigenic analysis of HIV-1 isolates from Indonesia. The data indicate that at least two genetic and antigenic HIV-1 clades (clade E and B) circulate in Indonesia. C1 NATL NAVAL MED CTR, VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS PROGRAM, DEPT INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. NAVAL MED RES UNIT 2, DEPT VIROL, JAKARTA, INDONESIA. CTR DIS CONTROL, P2LP, JAKARTA, INDONESIA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DIV RETROVIROL, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. HENRY M JACKSON FDN, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. GATOT SUBROTO ARMY HOSP, JAKARTA, INDONESIA. DIRECTORATE HLTH, ARMY HEADQUARTERS, JAKARTA, INDONESIA. OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WA979 UT WOS:A1997WA97900001 PM 8989203 ER PT J AU Vanlandingham, MR McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Elings, JR Huang, X Bogetti, TA Eduljee, RF Gillespie, JW AF Vanlandingham, MR McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Elings, JR Huang, X Bogetti, TA Eduljee, RF Gillespie, JW TI Nanoscale indentation of polymer systems using the atomic force microscope SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscope; force curves; indentation; elastic modulus; polymers; elastomer; polyurethane epoxy; fiber-reinforced polymer composite; interphase regions ID NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; THIN-FILMS; COMPOSITES; INTERPHASE; CONTACT; BEHAVIOR; ADHESION; HARDNESS AB The use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) to measure surface forces has been developed to optimize its operation as a surface imaging tool. This capability can potentially be extended to evaluate nanoscale material response to indentation and would be ideal for the evaluation of multi-component polymer systems, such as adhesives and composites. In this paper, previous work related to the development of the AFM as a nanoindentation device is reviewed, and a technique is proposed which allows the AFM to be used to probe local stiffness changes in polymer systems. Cantilever probes with spring constants ranging from 0.4-150 N/m were used to investigate a number of polymer systems, including an elastomer, several polyurethane systems, thermally cured epoxies, a thermoplastic polymer-thermosetting polymer adhesive system, and a thermoplastic matrix composite. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Mat Sci Program, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 41 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 41 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1-4 BP 31 EP 59 DI 10.1080/00218469708010531 PG 29 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA ZA359 UT WOS:000072355600003 ER PT J AU Colbeck, SC AF Colbeck, SC TI Capillary bonding of wet surfaces - The effects of contact angle and surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liquid-bridge adhesion; capillarity; water film; contact angle; surface roughness; surface coatings; adhesion force AB Capillary bonding of wet solids through a water film is common and important for a variety of problems. An existing experimental technique for the measurement of capillary bonding forces was improved and used to show how fractional wetted area and capillary bonding force vary with water 'tension' for glass, polyethylene, and aluminum on porous ceramic. The effects of contact angle and roughness were explored. The results show that increasing the contact angle clearly reduces the capillary bonding, but the effects of surface roughness were much more complicated. Roughness can increase or decrease capillary bonding, depending on the exact conditions. RP Colbeck, SC (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1163/156856197X00750 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA WL619 UT WOS:A1997WL61900005 ER PT J AU Belnap, CS Benson, PM Engler, RJM AF Belnap, CS Benson, PM Engler, RJM TI Recurrent staphylococcal skin abscesses Job's variant: Response to chronic isotretinoin therapy. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 13 EP 13 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200013 ER PT J AU Nelson, MR Katial, RK Engler, RJM AF Nelson, MR Katial, RK Engler, RJM TI Idiopathic CD4 (ICD4) lymphocytopenia and chronic fatigue: Clinical response to an alternative medicine-PCM-4. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 22 EP 22 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200022 ER PT J AU Liossis, SNC Kovacs, B Dennis, G Kammer, GM Tsokos, GC AF Liossis, SNC Kovacs, B Dennis, G Kammer, GM Tsokos, GC TI B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus display abnormal antigen-receptor-mediated early signal transduction events. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 95 EP 95 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200094 ER PT J AU Sitz, KV LoomisPrice, LD Kim, SR Kenner, JR Sau, P Eckels, KH Redfield, RR Birx, DL AF Sitz, KV LoomisPrice, LD Kim, SR Kenner, JR Sau, P Eckels, KH Redfield, RR Birx, DL TI Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing using V3 loop peptides identifies T-lymphocyte epitopes in HIV-infected individuals. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. JACKSON FDN MED EDUC & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 208 EP 208 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200207 ER PT J AU Kovacs, B Tsokos, GC AF Kovacs, B Tsokos, GC TI Crosslinking of the Fas antigen suppresses the CD3-mediated signaling events in T cells by inhibiting the association of the p56lck protein tyrosine kinase with the zeta chain of the T cell receptor. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 822 EP 822 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200820 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T AF Krakauer, T TI Superantigen-activated T lymphocytes adhered to human endothelial cells. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1290 EP 1290 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201286 ER PT J AU Weber, RW Lin, FL Stafford, WW Ledoux, RA Westley, CR Katial, RK AF Weber, RW Lin, FL Stafford, WW Ledoux, RA Westley, CR Katial, RK TI Cross-reactivity among mugwort and sage pollens: Evaluation by ELISA inhibition and immunoblotting of nine Artemisia species. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1431 EP 1431 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201430 ER PT J AU Engler, RJM Hershey, JN Salata, KF Heisser, A Carregal, VA Smith, LJ Carpenter, GB AF Engler, RJM Hershey, JN Salata, KF Heisser, A Carregal, VA Smith, LJ Carpenter, GB TI Intradermal route as good as intramuscular in hepatitis B vaccine booster immunization. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1732 EP 1732 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201727 ER PT J AU Tumpkin, CD DeGuzman, RD Veltri, NS Garramone, SM Katial, RK Engler, RJM AF Tumpkin, CD DeGuzman, RD Veltri, NS Garramone, SM Katial, RK Engler, RJM TI In-vivo dose response of delayed type hypersensitivity skin test reactions to tetanus, candida and mumps. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1733 EP 1733 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201728 ER PT J AU Katial, RK RattoKim, S Sitz, K Engler, RJM AF Katial, RK RattoKim, S Sitz, K Engler, RJM TI Varicella immunity: Persistent serologic non-response to immunization. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1734 EP 1734 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201729 ER PT J AU Garramone, SM Tumpkin, CD DeGuzman, RD Veltri, NS Katial, RK Engler, RJM AF Garramone, SM Tumpkin, CD DeGuzman, RD Veltri, NS Katial, RK Engler, RJM TI Comparison of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test (ST) reactions to tetanus, candida and mumps on the forearm (FA) versus the anterior thigh (AT). SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1735 EP 1735 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201730 ER PT J AU Myers, KW Patel, AR Veltri, NS Katial, R Engler, RJM AF Myers, KW Patel, AR Veltri, NS Katial, R Engler, RJM TI PPD delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing (ST): Discordance between perpendicular readings. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1736 EP 1736 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201731 ER PT J AU Carregal, VA Bernton, EW Carpenter, GB Smith, LJ Squire, EN Engler, RJM AF Carregal, VA Bernton, EW Carpenter, GB Smith, LJ Squire, EN Engler, RJM TI Sulfonamide desensitization in HIV. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1751 EP 1751 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201745 ER PT J AU Seitz, JP Leitner, WW Seguin, MC Lyon, JA Sheehy, MJ AF Seitz, JP Leitner, WW Seguin, MC Lyon, JA Sheehy, MJ TI Synergy between separate plasmids encoding antigen and B7-1, delivered to mouse skin via gene gun. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. AURAGEN INC,MIDDLETON,WI. RI Leitner, Wolfgang/F-5741-2011 OI Leitner, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3125-5922 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1972 EP 1972 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201966 ER PT J AU Barsoum, IS Kopydlowski, KM Cuenin, P Setterstrom, JA AF Barsoum, IS Kopydlowski, KM Cuenin, P Setterstrom, JA TI Evaluation of hypersensitivity to microencapsulated ampicillin in guinea pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AB The purpose of this study was to determine if the sustained release of ampicillin from a biodegradable drug-delivery system (microencapsulated ampicillin anhydrate (MEAA)) will increase or decrease the intensity of a hypersensitivity reaction compared with that observed with free drug. Ovalbumin, which is known to elicit a marked hypersensitivity reaction in guinea pigs, and microencapsulated ovalbumin (MOVA) were tested in parallel with ampicillin and MEAA. Guinea pigs were sensitized biweekly by subcutaneous and intramuscular injections of ampicillin, MEAA, ovalbumin, MOVA or placebo microspheres (test articles), each mixed with Freund's adjuvant, and challenged 2 weeks later, intradermally, with the free compounds. In a separate set of experiments, guinea pigs were sensitized by implantation of the same agents in the caudal thigh of anaesthetized animals. Skin allergic reactions were tested at 1 and 3 weeks following local implantation of the test articles. Sera of sensitized guinea pigs were tested for specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and skin samples from the site of the inflammatory reaction were fixed, stained and evaluated histologically. Guinea pigs sensitized systemically with MEAA or MOVA showed smaller, but not statistically different skin allergic response than animals given corresponding free compounds. However, guinea pigs sensitized by local implantation of MEAA showed a significantly lower inflammatory response (P < 0.0001) than those given an equivalent dose of the free drug. Guinea pigs sensitized with placebo microspheres showed a low inflammatory skin reaction which was similar to those sensitized with all doses of MEAA. There was no significant difference in specific IgG antibody response in the sera of guinea pigs sensitized locally with either free or microencapsulated ampicillin or ovalbumin. Histology of skin revealed a milder inflammatory reaction with MEAA or MOVA than with ampicillin or ovalbumin, respectively. We conclude that the encapsulated ampicillin or ovalbumin and subsequent release of each agent will elicit a reduced hypersensitivity reaction in guinea pigs than will the free agent. RP Barsoum, IS (reprint author), USA,DENT RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,6825 16TH ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1093/jac/39.1.63 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XN558 UT WOS:A1997XN55800011 PM 9044029 ER PT J AU Hogan, A Ferrick, M AF Hogan, A Ferrick, M TI Winter morning air temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNOW COVER; SURFACE; BASIN AB Results of temperature measurements, which may be applied ro inference of winter temperatures in data-sparse areas. are presented. The morning air temperatures during three winters were measured at 80 places in a 10 km x 30 km area along the Connecticut River. NOAA climatologies show this region to have complex spatial variation in mean minimum temperature. Frequency analysis techniques were applied to evaluate the differences in daily local temperature. Temperature lapse or temperature inversion in the study area was inferred from the difference of surface temperature measurements 100 and 300 m above river level. The frequency of inferred temperature lapse and the inferred lapse rate diminished as snow cover increased. The frequency of inferred temperature inversion and inversion strength increased as snow cover increased. When more than 20 cm of snow covered the ground, an additional surface inversion was frequent in the layer less than 100 m above river level, and two-thirds of river level temperatures less than -20 degrees C occurred concurrent with these conditions. The daily temperature differences at the individual points, with respect to a defined point, were lognormally distributed. The magnitude and geometric standard deviation of temperature differences throughout the study area were larger on mornings when inversion was inferred. With respect to topography, temperature differences and the geometric standard deviation of temperature differences were smaller along flats or among basins than along or atop slopes on mornings when inversion was inferred. It is proposed that some meteorologically prudent inferences of surface temperature and near-surface temperature lapse or temperature inversion can be made for similar data-sparse areas. RP Hogan, A (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 52 EP 69 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0052:WMAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WE829 UT WOS:A1997WE82900005 ER PT J AU Netherland, MD AF Netherland, MD TI Turion ecology of Hydrilla SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrilla verticillata; subterranean turion; tuber; axillary turion; vegetative propagule ID VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; POTAMOGETON-GRAMINEUS L; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA; BENSULFURON METHYL; TUBER PRODUCTION; NORTH-CAROLINA; PLANTING DEPTH; SEDIMENT TYPE; GROWTH AB A literature survey was conducted to compile the numerous papers on the ecology of subterranean and axillary turions produced by the exotic macrophyte hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle). The monoecious and dioecious biotypes of hydrilla exhibit distinct differences in seasonal turion production, turion production in response to photoperiod, quantity and size of turions produced, and geographic distribution. Although a high level of variability exists within and between aquatic systems, several million subterranean turions per hectare have been reported. These propagules have been noted to remain quiescent in undisturbed sediment for up to 4 years and they represent the key target in breaking the life-cycle of hydrilla. The detached turions allow hydrilla to survive abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic induced stress. Although turions sprout optimally at temperatures between 15 and 35 C, factors such as light, CO2, oxygen, and various plant hormones and herbicides have been shown to either promote or inhibit sprouting. Improving control strategies for hydrilla requires a better understanding of factors that influence turion quiescence, sprouting, and longevity. RP Netherland, MD (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39190, USA. NR 76 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WP610 UT WOS:A1997WP61000001 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD AF Madsen, JD TI Seasonal biomass and carbohydrate allocation in a southern population of Eurasian watermilfoil SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Myriophyllum spicatum; phenology; starch; total nonstructural carbohydrate; autofragment; inflorescence ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM L; CRASSIPES MART SOLMS; PROTEIN; GROWTH; COMPONENTS; DYNAMICS; RESERVES; WEEDS AB Seasonal biomass and carbohydrate allocation patterns of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) were evaluated to elucidate potential points in the seasonal phenological cycle for improved control. Eurasian watermilfoil was sampled from outdoor 0.3 ha ponds in Lewisville, TX from January 1991 to December 1993 and analyzed for free sugars, starch and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC). Root crowns stored up to 30% TNC, followed by autofragments (25%), lower stems (22%), and upper stems and inflorescences (12%). Low levels of stored carbohydrates occurred in July (1991), April (1992), and May (1993). Low levels of stored carbohydrates also were observed in October for all three years. Low points in carbohydrate storage might be exploited to improve management of Eurasian watermilfoil. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,ATTN CEWES-ES-P,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WP610 UT WOS:A1997WP61000003 ER PT J AU Standifer, NE Madsen, JD AF Standifer, NE Madsen, JD TI The effect of drying period on the germination of Eurasian watermilfoil seeds SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM L; LAKE C1 USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,LEWISVILLE AQUAT ECOSYST RES FACIL,LEWISVILLE,TX 75056. USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WP610 UT WOS:A1997WP61000007 ER PT J AU Sharpe, SR Knapik, J Jones, B AF Sharpe, SR Knapik, J Jones, B TI Ankle braces effectively reduce recurrence of ankle sprains in female soccer players SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE ankle bracing; ankle sprains; female soccer players ID INJURIES; ORTHOSIS; SUPPORT; SPORTS AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of ankle bracing and taping in preventing recurrences of ankle sprains, specifically in female athletes. Design and Setting: Varsity soccer players' medical records over a five-year period were retrospectively reviewed at a Division III women's college. Data were extracted regarding any history of ankle sprain(s), type of intervention used as prophylaxis after the ankle sprain, number of exposures, and any incidence of recurrence. Subjects: All collegiate varsity soccer players who had suffered a previous sprain to either one or both ankles (38 players) were identified as subjects. Measurements: Each previously injured ankle (n = 56) was considered as a case for the analysis. Ankles that had a previous sprain received one of four interventions: 1) a canvas, laced ankle brace (n = 19), 2) taping (n = 12), 3) a combination of taping and ankle bracing (n = 8), or 4) no treatment (n = 17). Results: The four intervention groups had a total of 1717 practice exposures and 650 competitive game exposures; exposures did not differ among the 4 groups, Ankle sprain recurrence frequency was 0%, 25%, 25%, and 35% for the braced, taped, combination, and untreated groups, respectively. The recurrence incidence for the braced group was significantly lower than that of the other three groups. The ankle sprain recurrence frequency did not differ among the taped, combination, and no treatment groups. Conclusion: We suggest that prophylactic ankle bracing is effective in reducing the incidence of ankle sprains in female soccer players with a previous history of ankle sprains. C1 USA,BALLIST RES LAB,HUMAN RES & ENGN DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Sharpe, SR (reprint author), WELLESLEY COLL,DEPT PHYS EDUC RECREAT & ATHLET,WELLESLEY,MA 02181, USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA WQ596 UT WOS:A1997WQ59600003 PM 16558427 ER PT J AU Bracuti, AJ AF Bracuti, AJ TI Crystal structure of bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)-nitramine (BDNPN) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE energetic molecules; nitramines; oxidizers; propellants AB A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study substantiated that the target oxidizer molecule bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)-nitramine (BDNPN) had been synthesized. BDNPN crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2 with unit-cell dimensions a = 10.726(4) Angstrom, b = 5.922(3) Angstrom, c = 10.400(4) Angstrom, beta = 110.01(3)degrees, with Z = 2 and a density of 1.72g/cm(3). There are two molecules per unit cell which are approximately oriented along the c direction. The molecule contains two gem-dinitro groups and one planar nitramino group. RP Bracuti, AJ (reprint author), USA,ARDEC,ENERGET & WARHEADS DIV,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA WT174 UT WOS:A1997WT17400009 ER PT J AU Grigorov, M Weber, J Tronchet, JMJ Jefford, CW Milhous, WK Maric, D AF Grigorov, M Weber, J Tronchet, JMJ Jefford, CW Milhous, WK Maric, D TI A QSAR study of the antimalarial activity of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Chemical Structures Conference CY 1996 CL NOORDWIJKERHOUT, NETHERLANDS ID CIS-FUSED CYCLOPENTENO-1,2,4-TRIOXANES; CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT PARASITES; CONFORMATIONAL COVERAGE; RODENT MALARIA; DRUG; ARTEMISININ; CHEMOTHERAPY; QINGHAOSU; CHINA AB The antimalarial activity of a series of synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes is correlated with molecular structure by using a pharmacophore search method(CATALYST). The technique is shown to have predictive accuracy and confirms that docking between an active trioxane and the receptor, heme, is the crucial step for drug action. C1 UNIV GENEVA,DEPT ORGAN CHEM,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENEVA,DEPT PHYS,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENEVA,DEPT PHARMACEUT,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV EXPT THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. CTR SVIZZERO CALCOLO SCI,CH-6928 MANNO,SWITZERLAND. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1021/ci9601168 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA WE288 UT WOS:A1997WE28800017 PM 9025258 ER PT J AU Katial, RI Lieberman, MM Muehlbauer, SL Lust, JA Hamilos, DL AF Katial, RI Lieberman, MM Muehlbauer, SL Lust, JA Hamilos, DL TI gamma delta T lymphocytosis associated with common variable immunodeficiency SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE common variable immunodeficiency; gamma delta T lymphocytosis; hypogammaglobulinemia ID CELL RECEPTOR; ALPHA-BETA; IDENTIFICATION; REARRANGEMENT; LEUKEMIAS; INFECTION; GENES AB We present the case of a 28-year-old Caucasian female with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) since age 5 who had a long history of hospitalizations for unexplained fevers and pulmonary infiltrates. The patient developed mild lymphocytosis 7 months prior to our evaluation. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood revealed an expansion of gamma delta T lymphocytes, mild CD4 T lymphocytopenia, and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio (0.2). Two subpopulations of gamma delta T lymphocytes were found (CD3(+)/CD4(-)/CD8(+), 47%; CD3(+)/CD4(-)/CD8(-), 53%), the vast majority of which expressed V-delta 1. An infections cause for the patient's gamma delta T lymphocytosis could not be found. The sputum was chronically colonized with Staphylococcus aureus, and the organism produced TSST-1 in vitro. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) revealed marked lymphocytosis, but gamma delta T lymphocytes were not overrepresented in the BAL. Lymphocyte functional studies revealed poor proliferative responses to mitogens and staphylococcal superantigens and diminished cytokine production. V-delta 1 T lymphocytes from the patient's blood were not expanded in vitro in response to staphylococcal superantigens. TCR gene rearrangement studies confirmed the presence of J gamma and J beta 1 clonal rearrangements accounting for only a small subpopulation of the gamma delta T lymphocytes. These studies were repeated 5 months later and were unchanged. A bone marrow biopsy was negative for leukemia. Hence, the cause of the patient's gamma delta T lymphocytosis could not be determined despite evaluation for underlying malignancy. occult infection, or superantigen-driven stimulation. The patient ultimately died of progressive respiratory insufficiency. The state of current knowledge regarding gamma delta T lymphocytosis, decreased production of alpha beta T lymphocytes, and a low CD4/CD8 ratio in association with CVID is discussed. C1 FITZSIMONS ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,AURORA,CO 80045. MAYO CLIN,DIV HEMATOPATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV ALLERGY & IMMUNOL,ST LOUIS,MO. RP Katial, RI (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ALLERGY & IMMUNOL DEPT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0271-9142 J9 J CLIN IMMUNOL JI J. Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1023/A:1027384311897 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA WJ841 UT WOS:A1997WJ84100005 PM 9049784 ER PT J AU Ding, XZ Tsokos, GC Kiang, JG AF Ding, XZ Tsokos, GC Kiang, JG TI Heat shock factor-1 protein in heat shock factor-1 gene-transfected human epidermoid A431 cells requires phosphorylation before inducing heat shock protein-70 production SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE heat shock factor-1; heat shock protein-70; gene expression; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate; protein kinase A; epithelia ID DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; HSP70 GENE; FACTOR-I; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; STRESS; DAMAGE AB Heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) is a transcriptional factor that binds to heat shock elements located on the promoter region of heat shock protein genes, The purpose of this study was to further investigate the regulation of the expression of the heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) gene. The HSF1 gene was inserted into pCDNA3 plasmid and then transfected into human epidermoid A431 cells using the CaOP3 method. Control cells were transfected with vector alone, Expression of HSP-70, HSF1, and HSF2 genes and protein were determined, We found a significant increase in the expression of the HSF1 gene, but not HSP-70 and HSF2 genes, in the HSF1 gene-transfected cells, The amount of HSF1-heat shock element complex was significantly increased in both the nucleus and cytosol in HSF1 gene-transfected cells, indicating increased synthesis of HSF1, The amount of HSP-72 in these cells did not change, Therefore, overexpression of HSF1 protein failed to initiate transcription of the HSP-70 gene, Subsequently, we treated the cells with 1 mu M PMA (a protein kinase C stimulator), and HSP-70 mRNA and protein were measured at 1 or 4 h of the treatment, respectively. The levels of both HSP-70 mRNA and HSP-72 protein were significantly increased in nontransfected and transfected cells; the levels of HSP-72 in HSF1 gene-transfected cells were greater than that found in the vector-transfected cells, The PMA-induced increase in HSP-72 protein peaked 8 h after treatment with PMA and returned to baseline levels at 72 h, This increase was blocked by a PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, After treatment with PMA, HSF1 translocated quickly from cytosol to nucleus, The results suggest that phosphorylation of newly synthesized HSF1 and possibly of other factors are necessary for the induction of HSP-72, Activation of PKC can cause phosphorylation of HSF1, which leads to an enhanced but transient increase in HSP-70 production. RP Ding, XZ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV MED,DEPT CLIN PHYSIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1172/JCI119124 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA WC281 UT WOS:A1997WC28100020 PM 9011567 ER PT J AU Alexander, A Tzeng, JT AF Alexander, A Tzeng, JT TI Three dimensional effective properties of composite materials for finite element applications SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A model has been developed to compute the effective properties for an arbitrarily shaped element with multiple anisotropic material regions. The analysis utilizes a finite element technique to resolve the complexity of three-dimensional layer geometry, anisotropy, ply orientations, and multi-material regions within an element. Accordingly, the model accounts for complex geometries requiring changes in mesh density and/or arbitrarily shaped elements that cannot be readily aligned with the layers of the laminate. Discontinuity due to ply drop-off or layer terminations within an element is also considered. The computed elastic constants are accurate, especially for the transverse shear properties. The analysis is particularly suitable for finite element applications of near-net shaped thick-section structures. A preprocessor was developed incorporating the effective property model to allow for generation of finite element representations for computer codes such as DYNA3D and ABAQUS. C1 USA,RES LAB,WEAP TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. CUSTOM ANALYT ENGN SYST INC,FLINTSTONE,MD 21530. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1997 VL 31 IS 5 BP 466 EP 485 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA WT501 UT WOS:A1997WT50100002 ER PT J AU Fu, MC Hayes, CC East, EW AF Fu, MC Hayes, CC East, EW TI SEDAR: Expert critiquing system for flat and low-slope roof design and review SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The Support Environment for Design And Review (SEDAR) is a flexible, graphical expert critiquing system for use by both designers and reviewers during the design of flat and low-slope structure roof systems. SEDAR provides assistance during the design and review phases of the design process through the use of its error prevention, error detection, and design review critics, and a design suggestion critic. The primary contribution of SEDAR to the field of expert critiquing systems is a method for focusing its critiques through the use of a task model of the design domain. The task model, called the Designer's Task Model (DTM), was created from observing how roof designers decompose the roof-design task into interdependent subtasks associated with the layout of roof subsystems. SEDAR uses DTM to flexibly track the progress of roof designers so that its critics can provide the most relevant advice at appropriate times in the design process. Evaluation of a SEDAR prototype demonstrated that the system reduces the number of errors for roof designers and outlined directions for future research. C1 USA,CONSTRUCT ENGN RES LAB,CORPS ENGINEERS,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61821. RP Fu, MC (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT COMP SCI,1304 W SPRINGFIELD AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0887-3801 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(1997)11:1(60) PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA VZ143 UT WOS:A1997VZ14300010 ER PT J AU Gronet, PM Driscoll, CF Hondrum, SO AF Gronet, PM Driscoll, CF Hondrum, SO TI Resiliency of surface-coated temporary soft denture liners. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000378 ER PT J AU AbdelNabi, HM Vandre, R Farman, AG Pajak, J Scarfe, WC Farman, TT AF AbdelNabi, HM Vandre, R Farman, AG Pajak, J Scarfe, WC Farman, TT TI Comparison of six digital radiographic systems for endodontic length determination. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. USA,DEPT DENT RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20310. WRAIR,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1011 EP 1011 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001007 ER PT J AU Rouse, SJ Lewis, JB Cuenin, MF Niagro, FD AF Rouse, SJ Lewis, JB Cuenin, MF Niagro, FD TI Varied metronidazole concentrations stimulate and inhibit proliferation of osteoblast cultures. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,DENT CORPS,DEPT PERIODONT,DDEAMC,FT GORDON,GA. MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT ORAL BIOL,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1779 EP 1779 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001775 ER PT J AU Niagro, FD Chuang, AH Best, NH Raez, AG Craft, DW AF Niagro, FD Chuang, AH Best, NH Raez, AG Craft, DW TI Steroid hormone regulation of chemokine gene expression in mouse osteoblasts. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EISENHOWER ARMY MED CTR,FT GORDON,GA. USA,DENT ACTIV,FT GORDON,GA 30905. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1780 EP 1780 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001779 ER PT J AU Raulin, LA Myers, RA Guthmiller, JM Reynolds, MA Falkler, WA AF Raulin, LA Myers, RA Guthmiller, JM Reynolds, MA Falkler, WA TI Detection of shared epitopes with a human monoclonal antibody reactive with Aa. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH DENT,USA,DENT RES DETACHMENT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2674 EP 2674 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002672 ER PT J AU Lester, J Niagro, F Best, N Runner, R Runyan, D AF Lester, J Niagro, F Best, N Runner, R Runyan, D TI Changer in adhesion molecule expression in mechanically stressed osteoblast-like cells. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DWIGHT D EISENHOWER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,FT GORDON,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2687 EP 2687 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002679 ER PT J AU Buyer, J Niagro, F AF Buyer, J Niagro, F TI Method for osteoclast differentiation using a co-culture of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells from the adult mouse. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,DENTAC,EISENHOWER ARMY MED CTR,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2994 EP 2994 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002991 ER PT J AU Vincent, D Driscoll, C Hondrum, S AF Vincent, D Driscoll, C Hondrum, S TI Properties of three light body vinyl polysiloxane impression materials. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,DENT ACTIV,WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 3286 EP 3286 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68003280 ER PT J AU Reno, RC Panunto, MJ Piekarski, BH AF Reno, RC Panunto, MJ Piekarski, BH TI A Mossbauer study of tin-based intermetallics formed during the manufacture of dispersion-strengthened composite solders SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dispersion strengthening; intermetallics; Mossbauer spectroscopy; solder ID ALLOYS AB Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to characterize dispersion-strengthened composite solder powders that were formed through hot gas spray atomization. To perform quantitative measurements, we first measured the relative recoilless fractions of eutectic solder and three intermetallic compounds: Cu3Sn, Cu6Sn5, and Ni3Sn4. These results were then used to determine the concentrations of intermetallic species present in various composite solder samples. Mossbauer spectroscopy was shown to be an effective:tool in the analysis of dispersion-strengthened composite solders and was preferentially sensitive to the presence of tin-based intermetallics and oxides. C1 USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. RP Reno, RC (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY,DEPT PHYS,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0125-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA WF039 UT WOS:A1997WF03900003 ER PT J AU Johnson, MA Primack, PD Loushine, RJ Craft, DW AF Johnson, MA Primack, PD Loushine, RJ Craft, DW TI Cleaning of endodontic files .1. The effect of bioburden on the sterilization of endodontic files SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article AB Ninety-two new endodontic files were randomly assigned to five groups with varying parameters of contamination, cleaning method, and sterilization (steam or chemical), Files were instrumented in bovine teeth to accumulate debris and a known contaminant, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Positive controls produced growth on both T-soy agar plates and in T-soy broth, Negative controls and experimental files (some with heavy debris) failed to produce growth. The results showed that there was no significant difference between contaminated files that were not cleaned before sterilization and contaminated files that were cleaned before sterilization. Bioburden present on endodontic files does not appear to affect the sterilization process. C1 USA,YONGSAN,SOUTH KOREA. USA,DENT ACT,ENDODONT RESIDENCY PROGRAM,FT GORDON,GA. DD EISENHOWER MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,FT GORDON,GA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 32 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80203-8 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WA342 UT WOS:A1997WA34200007 PM 9594742 ER PT J AU Malone, KH Donnelly, JC AF Malone, KH Donnelly, JC TI An in vitro evaluation of coronal microleakage in obturated root canals without coronal restorations SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID CEMENT AB A study was conducted to evaluate coronal microleakage of Super EBA and Ketac-Endo when used as sealers with single-cone gutta-percha (GP) root canal obturation, The root canals of 24 extracted human teeth were instrumented with flared preparations to a minimum #40 master apical file size, Ten teeth were obturated with a single GP cone and Super EBA as the sealer and ten teeth were obturated with a single GP cone and Ketac-Endo as the sealer, Four teeth were used as controls, Salivary bacterial microleakage studies were conducted to determine whether these sealers could prevent coronal microleakage through the root canal in the absence of a coronal tooth restoration. There was no bacterial penetration through the apical foramen for either sealer tested during the 60-day test period. C1 ADV EDUC PROGRAM GEN DENT 2 YEAR,FT HOOD,TX. USA,DENT ACT,FT HOOD,TX. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80204-X PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WA342 UT WOS:A1997WA34200008 PM 9594743 ER PT J AU Christodoulatos, C Koutsospyros, AD Brodman, BW Korfiatis, GP AF Christodoulatos, C Koutsospyros, AD Brodman, BW Korfiatis, GP TI Biodegradation of diphenylamine by selected microbial cultures SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; diphenylamine; activated sludge; rate constants AB The degradation of diphenylamine (DPA) by pure Pseudomonas (P. cepacia, P. putida, P. resinovorans) and mixed activated sludge cultures in batch shaker flasks and bioreactor systems is described. The experiments were carried out at initial DPA concentrations in the range of 15-60 mg/l. Under the experimental conditions, all cultures were capable of degrading DPA, as a sole carbon source, at comparable rates. Addition of glucose as a co-substrate was found not to have an effect on the apparent biodegration rates. In the range of initial substrate concentrations attempted in this study, the DPA biodegradation rate was found to follow first-order kinetics. In bioreactor experiments, the biodegradation rate constant (k(1)) was determined to be 0.54 d(-1) corresponding to a half-life (t(1/2)) 1.40 days. The effect of these findings on the storage stability of nitrocellulose based propellant formulations are discussed. C1 UNIV NEW HAVEN,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,W HAVEN,CT 06516. USA,ARMAMENTS RES,CTR DEV & ENGN,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806. RP Christodoulatos, C (reprint author), STEVENS INST TECHNOL,CTR ENVIRONM ENGN,HOBOKEN,NJ 07030, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 15 EP 30 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WF492 UT WOS:A1997WF49200002 ER PT J AU Sturm, M Holmgren, J Konig, M Morris, K AF Sturm, M Holmgren, J Konig, M Morris, K TI The thermal conductivity of seasonal snow SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERS; ICE AB Twenty-seven studies on the thermal conductivity of snow (k(eff)) have been published since 1886. Combined, they comprise 354 values of k(eff), and have been used to derive over 13 regression equations predicting k(eff) vs density. Due to large (and largely undocumented) differences in measurement methods and accuracy, sample temperature and snow type, it is not possible to know what part of the variability in this data set is the result of snow microstructure. We present a new data set containing 488 measurements for which the temperature, type and measurement accuracy are known. A quadratic equation, [GRAPHICS] where rho is in g cm(-3), and k(eff) is in W m(-1)K(-1), can be fit to the new data (R-2=0.79). A logarithmic expression, [GRAPHICS] can also be used. The first regression is better when estimating values beyond the limits of the data; the second when estimating values for low-density snow. Within the data set, snow types resulting from kinetic growth show density-independent behavior. rounded-grain and wind-blown snow show strong density dependence. The new data set has a higher mean value of density but a lower mean value of thermal conductivity than the old set. This shift is attributed to differences in snow types and sample temperatures in the sets. Using both data sets, we show that there are well-defined limits to the geometric configurations that natural seasonal snow can take. C1 UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,POB 35170,FT WAINWRIGHT,AK 99703, USA. NR 65 TC 269 Z9 280 U1 8 U2 33 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1997 VL 43 IS 143 BP 26 EP 41 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA XK646 UT WOS:A1997XK64600003 ER PT J AU Sturm, M Benson, CS AF Sturm, M Benson, CS TI Vapor transport, grain growth and depth-hoar development in the subarctic snow SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVER; CLASSIFICATION; METAMORPHISM AB Measurements from the subarctic snowpack are used to explore the relationship between grain growth and vapor flow, the fundamental processes of dry-snow metamorphism. Due to extreme temperature gradients, the subarctic pack undergoes extensive depth-hoar metamorphism. By the end of the winter a five-layer structure with a pronounced weak layer near the base of the snow evolves. Grain-size increases by a factor of 2-3, while the number of grains per unit mass decreases by a factor of 10. Observed growth rates require significant net inter-particle vapor fluxes. Stable-isotope ratios show that there are also significant net layer-to-layer vapor fluxes. Soil moisture enters the base of the pack and mixes with the bottom 10 cm of snow, while isotopically light water vapor fractionates from the basal layer and is deposited up to 50 cm higher in the pack. End-of-winter density profiles for snow on the ground, compared with snow on tables, indicate the net layer-to-layer vapor flux averages 6 x 10(-7) kg m(-2) s(-1), though detailed measurements show the net flux is episodic and varies with time and height in the pack, with peak net fluxes ten times higher than average. A model, driven by observed temperature profiles, reproduces the layer-to-layer flux pattern and predicts the observed weak layer at the base of the snow. Calculated layer-to-layer vapor fluxes are ten times higher than inter-particle fluxes, which implies that depth-hoar grain growth is limited by factors other than the vapor supply. This finding suggests that gain and loss of water molecules due to sublimation from grains takes place at a rate many times higher than the rate at which grains grow, and it explains why grains can metamorphose into different forms so readily. C1 UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,POB 35170,FT WAINWRIGHT,AK 99703, USA. NR 45 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 24 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1997 VL 43 IS 143 BP 42 EP 59 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA XK646 UT WOS:A1997XK64600004 ER PT J AU Colbeck, SC AF Colbeck, SC TI Model of wind pumping for layered snow SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR AB Layering affects the air flow through snow caused by surface pressure variations. The horizontal and total fluxes are high in hoar layers but the pressure perturbations and vertical components of the flow do not penetrate as deeply as in homogeneous snow. that is because the layers ''pipe'' the flow horizontally toward the area of low pressure. An ice layer at the surface reduces the total flow everywhere. The flow decreases as ice-layer thickness increases and, in general, flow changes with permeability. However, the magnitude of the effect is proportionately weaker when the ice layers are further from the surface. The residence time is reduced when hoar layers are present due to shorter flow paths, reduced penetration into the deeper snow and higher speeds. RP Colbeck, SC (reprint author), USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1997 VL 43 IS 143 BP 60 EP 65 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA XK646 UT WOS:A1997XK64600005 ER PT J AU Cheng, TC Liu, L Wang, B Wu, J DeFrank, JJ Anderson, DM Rastogi, VK Hamilton, AB AF Cheng, TC Liu, L Wang, B Wu, J DeFrank, JJ Anderson, DM Rastogi, VK Hamilton, AB TI Nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding an organophosphorus nerve agent degrading enzyme from Alteromonas haloplanktis SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alteromonas organophosphorus acid anhydrolase gene; X-Pro dipeptidase; sequencing and functional homology to prolidase ID POLYVINYLIDENE DIFLUORIDE MEMBRANES; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; PROLIDASE DEFICIENCY; HYDROLYZING ENZYME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PURIFICATION; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; TRANSPOSON; PROTEINS AB Organophosphorus acid anhydrolases (OPAA) catalyzing the hydrolysis of a variety of toxic organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors offer potential for decontamination of G-type nerve agents and pesticides, The gene (opa) encoding an OPAA was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Alteromonas haloplanktis ATCC 23821, The nucleotide sequence of the 1,7-kb DNA fragment contained the opa gene (1.3 kb) and its flanking region. We report structural and functional similarity of OPAAs from A. haloplanktis and Alteromonas sp JD6.5 with the enzyme prolidase that hydrolyzes dipeptides with a prolyl residue in the carboxyl-terminal position. These results corroborate the earlier conclusion that the OPAA is a type of X-Pro dipeptidase, and that X-Pro could be the native substrate for such an enzyme in Alteromonas cells. C1 CHEMGEN CORP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. GEOCENTERS INC,GUNPOWDER BRANCH,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Cheng, TC (reprint author), USA,EDGEWOOD RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900358 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WM859 UT WOS:A1997WM85900011 PM 9079288 ER PT J AU Gilman, JK Naccarelli, GV AF Gilman, JK Naccarelli, GV TI Evaluation and management of sudden death survivors SO JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR; HOSPITAL CARDIAC-ARREST; ANTIARRHYTHMIC-DRUG EFFICACY; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; VENTRICULAR TACHYARRHYTHMIAS; FOLLOW-UP; THERAPY; RESUSCITATION; INDUCIBILITY; FIBRILLATION AB Only 20% of patients survive a cardiac arrest. Up to 80% of patients have a cardiac arrest secondary to a ventricular tachyarrhythmia, in the adult population, over 70% of the above patients have obstructive coronary artery disease; thus, coronary arteriography should be performed in all survivors of cardiac arrest. Once reversible causes have been treated, antiarrhythmic therapy is usually guided by Holter monitoring, electrophysiologic testing or both. Due to high recurrence rates on antiarrhythmic drugs, many patients are now treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Although these devices appear to improve sudden death survival, long-term overall survival may not be superior to ''best drug therapy.'' This hypothesis is currently being tested in two prospective randomized, multicenter trials. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,COLL MED,DIV CARDIOL,HERSHEY,PA 17033. PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,COLL MED,PENN STATE CARDIOVASC CTR,HERSHEY,PA 17033. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SERV CARDIOL,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0885-0666 J9 J INTENSIVE CARE MED JI J. Intensive Care Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA XF249 UT WOS:A1997XF24900001 ER PT J AU Idowu, OR Grace, JM Lee, KU Brewer, TG Peggins, JO AF Idowu, OR Grace, JM Lee, KU Brewer, TG Peggins, JO TI Rapid derivatization of alcohols with carboxylic-sulphonic mixed anhydrides for HPLC-UV/fluorescence analysis: Application to the detection of dihydroqinghaosu (DQHS) and its metabolites in biological samples SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AB The formation of ester derivatives of alcohols for the purpose of HPLC-ultraviolet/fluorescence analysis is achieved rapidly when a mixture of the alcohol and the triethylamine salt of the required acid in chloroform or dichloromethane is treated with a solution of either 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulphonyl chloride or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulphonyl chloride (mesitylenesulphonyl chloride) followed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine in the same solvent. Aromatic carboxylic acids give a quantitative yield of the esters while the yield is reduced for arylacetic acids. The procedure has been applied to the detection of dihydroqinghaosu (DQHS) and its metabolites in different types of biological samples. The general applicability of the method is also demonstrated by the ready esterification of the sterically hindered hydroxy groups of testosterone and 6 beta-hydroxy-testosterone. This approach to analytical esterification of alcohols is more convenient and more efficient than previous methods which require the prior conversion of the carboxylic acids to the acyl chlorides, acyl nitriles, acyl azides or the symmetric anhydrides. RP Idowu, OR (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DIV EXPT THERAPEUT, DEPT PHARMACOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1553 EP 1577 DI 10.1080/10826079708010994 PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WY579 UT WOS:A1997WY57900007 ER PT J AU Morrison, JB Martin, SH Robinson, DG Roddan, G Nicol, JJ Springer, MJN Cameron, BJ Albano, JP AF Morrison, JB Martin, SH Robinson, DG Roddan, G Nicol, JJ Springer, MJN Cameron, BJ Albano, JP TI Development of a comprehensive method of health hazard assessment for exposure to repeated mechanical shocks SO JOURNAL OF LOW FREQUENCY NOISE VIBRATION AND ACTIVE CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United-Kingdom Informal Group Meeting on Human Response to Vibration CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL MOTOR IND RES ASSOC, WARWICKSHIRE, ENGLAND HO MOTOR IND RES ASSOC ID WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION; LUMBAR SPINE AB This study describes a Health Hazard Assessment (HHA) method for evaluating exposures to repeated shocks in tactical ground vehicles (TGV). This method will predict the risk of injury to the crew of a TGV given its acceleration signature. The HHA will identify both acute and chronic health risks resulting from either a single shock, or prolonged exposure due to travel over rough terrain. The HHA is based partly on existing models, human response and injury data, as well as partly on experimental data obtained from volunteers exposed to a range of shock profiles and to prolonged repeated shock exposures. The HHA consists of three components: dynamic response models which predict seat-to-spine transmission of acceleration; a dose-recovery model for exposure to repeated shocks based on fatigue failure theory and subjective tolerance data; and an injury risk model based on the cumulative probability of failure. A biomechanical model was also developed which analyses spinal compression in response to shock This model does not form part of the HHA model, but will provide an independent evaluation of the HHA using the experimental data from this study. The components of the HHA are outlined and some test results presented. C1 BC Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L2, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Sci Appl, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Morrison, JB (reprint author), BC Res Inc, 3650 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L2, Canada. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MULTI SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 107 HIGH STREET, BRENTWOOD, ESSEX, ENGLAND CM 14 4RX SN 0263-0923 J9 J LOW FREQ NOISE V A PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 245 EP 256 PG 12 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA ZW497 UT WOS:000074416900003 ER PT J AU Fautua, DT AF Fautua, DT TI The ''Long-Pull'' army: NSC-68, the Korean War, and the creation of the Cold-War US Army SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article RP Fautua, DT (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 93 EP 120 DI 10.2307/2953916 PG 28 WC History SC History GA WD107 UT WOS:A1997WD10700005 ER PT J AU Gillett, MC AF Gillett, MC TI A history of medicine in the early US Navy - Langley,HD SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Gillett, MC (reprint author), USA,CTR MIL HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.2307/2953929 PG 2 WC History SC History GA WD107 UT WOS:A1997WD10700018 ER PT J AU Cosmas, GA AF Cosmas, GA TI Historical dictionary of the Spanish-American War - Dyal,D SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Cosmas, GA (reprint author), USA,CTR MIL HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20310, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 171 EP 172 DI 10.2307/2953937 PG 2 WC History SC History GA WD107 UT WOS:A1997WD10700026 ER PT J AU Bjorge, GJ AF Bjorge, GJ TI Mao's military romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950-1953 - Zhang,SG SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Bjorge, GJ (reprint author), USA,COMMAND & GEN STAFF COLL,FT LEAVENWORTH,KS, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 197 EP 198 DI 10.2307/2953957 PG 2 WC History SC History GA WD107 UT WOS:A1997WD10700047 ER PT J AU Sandler, S AF Sandler, S TI Communist logistics in the Korean War - Shrader,CR SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Sandler, S (reprint author), USA,SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND,FT BRAGG,NC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.2307/2953958 PG 2 WC History SC History GA WD107 UT WOS:A1997WD10700048 ER PT J AU Filbert, MG Ballough, GPH AF Filbert, MG Ballough, GPH TI Soman-induced, seizure-related apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,NEUROTOXICOL BRANCH,DIV PHARMACOL,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PY 1997 VL 69 SU S BP S214 EP S214 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA XM285 UT WOS:A1997XM28500844 ER PT J AU Feuerstein, M Berkowitz, SM Peck, CA AF Feuerstein, M Berkowitz, SM Peck, CA TI Musculoskeletal-related disability in US army personnel: Prevalence, gender, and military occupational specialties SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; RISK-FACTORS; WORKERS COMPENSATION; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; INFANTRY SOLDIERS; INJURIES; EXERCISE; ENVIRONMENT; RECRUITS; HEALTH AB Research on military populations indicates that musculoskeletal related disorders represent a prevalent source of outpatient visits, lost work time, hospitalization, and disability. Despite the increasing role of women in the military, little is known regarding the association among military occupations, gender, and disability. The study presented here analyzed 41,750 disability cases to determine: (1) prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disability (2) specific jobs associated with greater risk of musculoskeletal disability, and (3) association among gender, job-type, and disability. Results indicate: (1) back-related disorders represent the most prevalent sources of disability, (2) certain occupations were associated with higher disability risk, (3) women experienced higher overall, and musculoskelatal, disability risk, and (4) specific jobs were identified in which women experienced higher rates of musculoskeletal disability. These findings highlight the need to consider the interaction between workplace factors and gender on disability in the military work force. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USA,PHYS DISABIL AGCY,WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,FOREST GLEN SECT,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Feuerstein, M (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED & CLIN PSYCHOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 45 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1097/00043764-199701000-00013 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WF860 UT WOS:A1997WF86000011 PM 9029434 ER PT J AU Peterson, DE Blankenship, KR Robb, JB Walker, MJ Bryan, JM Stetts, DM Mincey, LM Simmons, GE AF Peterson, DE Blankenship, KR Robb, JB Walker, MJ Bryan, JM Stetts, DM Mincey, LM Simmons, GE TI Investigation of the validity and reliability of four objective techniques for measuring forward shoulder posture SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE shoulder; posture; method AB Clinicians often rely on visual inspection and descriptive terms to document a patient's forward shoulder posture. The purpose oi this study was to assess the validity and intrarater reliability of four objective techniques to measure forward shoulder posture. Subjects were 25 males and 24 females. Subjects had a lateral cervical spine radiograph taken, from which the horizontal distance from the C7 spinous process to the anterior tip of the left anterior acromion process was measured. Subjects then proceeded twice through a random order oi four measurements: the Baylor square, the double square, the Sahrmann technique, and scapular position. These results were then used to determine the intrarater reliability of each technique. Multiple regression analyses were performed on each measure's mean scores to determine both the correlation with and the predictive value for the radiographic measurement. The intraclass correlation coefficients for intrarater reliability ranged from .89 to .91. The correlation coefficients ranged from -.33 to .77, and the coefficients of determination ranged from .10 to .59 (N=49). The researchers demonstrated clinical reliability ibr each technique; however, validity compared with the radiographic measurement could not be established. These techniques may have clinical value in objectively measuring change in a patient's shoulder posture as a result oi a treatment program. Before any of these measures could be universally recommended in clinical practice, future research is necessary to establish interrater reliability and assess each technique's ability to detect postural changes over time. C1 BAYLOR UNIV,USA,GRAD PROGRAM PHYS THERAPY,MED DEPT CTR & SCH,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PHYS THERAPY,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA VZ511 UT WOS:A1997VZ51100006 PM 8979174 ER PT J AU Moon, MG AF Moon, MG TI Bite fork modification SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USA,FT BENNING,GA. BERNHEIM DENT CLIN,FT BENNING,GA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 77 IS 1 BP 102 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70217-8 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WE447 UT WOS:A1997WE44700020 PM 9029476 ER PT J AU Moon, MG AF Moon, MG TI Modification of the centric lock assembly of a semiadjustable articulator SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 BERNHEIM DENT CLIN,FT BENNING,GA. USA,WASHINGTON,DC 20310. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 77 IS 1 BP 103 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70218-X PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WE447 UT WOS:A1997WE44700021 PM 9029477 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JJ Bostian, KA AF Schmidt, JJ Bostian, KA TI Endoproteinase activity of type A botulinum neurotoxin: Substrate requirements and activation by serum albumin SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin; peptide proteolysis; metalloproteinases ID TETANUS TOXIN; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; B NEUROTOXIN; ZINC; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; FRAGMENTS; SNAP-25 AB Type A botulinum neurotoxin, a zinc-dependent endoproteinase that selectively cleaves the neuronal protein SNAP-25, can also cleave relatively short peptides. We found that bovine and other serum albumins stimulated the type A-catalyzed hydrolysis of synthetic peptide substrates, through a direct effect on the kinetic constants of the reaction. Furthermore, with bovine serum albumin in the assays, the optimum substrate size was 16 residues (11 on the amino-terminal side of the cleavage site and 5 on the carboxy-terminal side). To further investigate the catalytic requirements of the neurotoxin, peptides were synthesized with various amino acid substitutions at the P5 through P5' substrate sites. Changes at all of these locations affected values for both k(cat) and K-m. Substitutions at the P2, P1', and P2' sites had more pronounced effects on hydrolysis rates than did substitutions at the P1 site. Enzyme-substrate interactions at the P3' threonine probably involved the side-chain methyl group rather than the hydroxyl group. Replacing the P2' alanine with leucine eliminated detectable hydrolysis, but not binding, since this peptide was an inhibitor. A negatively charged residue was preferred at P5, but not at P4. The data indicate that type A botulinum neurotoxin has an extended substrate recognition region and a requirement for arginine as the P1' residue. RP Schmidt, JJ (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV TOXICOL,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 28 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1023/A:1026386710428 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WK407 UT WOS:A1997WK40700003 PM 9055204 ER PT J AU Hoppel, CPR Bogetti, TA Gillespie, JW AF Hoppel, CPR Bogetti, TA Gillespie, JW TI Design and analysis of composite wraps for concrete columns SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE composite; wraps; concrete; columns; bridge supports; design AB Composite jackets for concrete columns have potential for renewal of deteriorated structures and improving seismic resistance. Several experimental investigations have demonstrated that composite wraps increase load-carrying capacity and ductility of concrete columns subjected to axial compression. This paper describes a theoretical model to predict the nonlinear stress-strain response of the wrapped columns as a function of geometry and the constitutive behavior of the concrete and column wrap. Model predictions are compared to experimental results. The analytical equations can be used to develop relevant guidelines for optimum reinforcement efficiency as a function of column size and wrap architecture. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,CTR COMPOSITE MAT,NEWARK,DE 19716. UNIV DELAWARE,MAT SCI PROGRAM,NEWARK,DE 19716. RP Hoppel, CPR (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 7 BP 588 EP 602 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA WW291 UT WOS:A1997WW29100001 ER PT J AU Walworth, JL Woolard, CR Braddock, JF Reynolds, CM AF Walworth, JL Woolard, CR Braddock, JF Reynolds, CM TI Enhancement and inhibition of soil petroleum biodegradation through the use of fertilizer nitrogen: An approach to determining optimum levels SO JOURNAL OF SOIL CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; nutrient; salinity; water potential ID MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; OIL SLUDGE; DEGRADATION AB Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the relationship between soil water content and microbial response to soil nitrogen (N) in petroleum-contaminated soils. Various levels of N were added to a sand, a sandy loam, and a silt loam. Measurements of the extent of biodegradation in each soil (petroleum loss or CO2 production) indicated that biodegradation was related to soil N expressed as a function of soil water (mg N/kg soil H2O or mg N/I) better than N expressed as a function of soil dry matter (mg N/kg soil). A loamy sand was treated with four levels of N (0, 250, 500, 750 mg N/kg soil) and incubated at three water contents (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% on a dry soil weight basis). Soil water potential and O-2 consumption were best related to N expressed on the basis of soil water. It is concluded that expressing N in units of mg N/kg soil H2O (easily obtained by dividing [mg N/kg dry soil] by [soil moisture content]) can be used to determine fertilization rates for bioremediation processes. On this basis, an optimum N level of approximately 2000 mg N/kg H2O is tentatively identified for the range of soils and conditions tested. C1 UNIV ALASKA,SCH ENGN,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. UNIV ALASKA,INST ARCTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. USA,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,CORPS ENGINEERS,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP Walworth, JL (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,PALMER RES CTR,DEPT PLANT ANIM & SOIL SCI,FAIRBANKS,AK 99645, USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1058-8337 J9 J SOIL CONTAM JI J. Soil Contam. PY 1997 VL 6 IS 5 BP 465 EP 480 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YA597 UT WOS:A1997YA59700002 ER PT J AU Sahu, J Heavey, KR AF Sahu, J Heavey, KR TI Numerical investigation of supersonic base flow with base bleed SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES COMPUTATIONS; TURBULENCE MODEL; AFTERBODY AB A zonal, implicit, time-marching Navier-Stokes computational technique has been used to compute the turbulent supersonic base how over a cylindrical afterbody with base bleed. A critical element of calculating such hows is the turbulence model. Two eddy viscosity turbulence models have been used in the base region how computations. These models include an algebraic turbulence model and a two equation k-epsilon model. The k-epsilon equations are solved using an implicit algorithm, and calculations with the k-epsilon model are extended up to the wall. Flowfield computations have been performed for a cylindrical afterbody at M = 2.46 and at an angle of attack of alpha = 0 deg. The results are compared with the experimental data for the same conditions and the same configuration. Details of the mean flowfield as well as the turbulence quantities have been presented. In addition, the computed base pressure distribution has been compared with the experiment. In general, the k-epsilon turbulence model performs better in the near wake than the algebraic model and predicts the base pressure much better. RP Sahu, J (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,AERODYNAM BRANCH,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.2514/2.3173 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WG795 UT WOS:A1997WG79500011 ER PT J AU Montemarano, AD Sau, P James, WD AF Montemarano, AD Sau, P James, WD TI Superficial papillary adenomatosis of the nipple - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT DERMATOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Montemarano, AD (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DERMATOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA WD361 UT WOS:A1997WD36100031 ER PT J AU Boorla, R Rotenberger, K AF Boorla, R Rotenberger, K TI Load variability of a two-bladed helicopter SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A flight loads variability analysis program was conducted using the Bell Model OH-58C helicopter. A representative flight consisting of 33 maneuvers was repeated 30 times using six pilots (three from Bell Helicopter Textron and three from the Army) who flew the aircraft five times each. The resulting data were analyzed statistically to determine the parameters of distribution and variability using three different sets of data: peak loads, maneuver loads and total flight loads. In addition, the damage rates were also analyzed statistically. The results indicate that the maximum oscillatory loads exhibit a larger variability than that obtained by analyzing either maneuver loads or the flight loads and that the Weibull distribution can be used to represent the distribution shapes of both the maneuver and flight loads. Assessment of load variability on a total flight basis reduces the complexity of reliability computations. C1 USA,AVIAT SYST COMMAND,ST LOUIS,MO. RP Boorla, R (reprint author), BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON INC,FT WORTH,TX 76101, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WF418 UT WOS:A1997WF41800002 ER PT J AU Lyrintzis, AS Koutsavdis, EK Strawn, RC AF Lyrintzis, AS Koutsavdis, EK Strawn, RC TI A comparison of computational aeroacoustic prediction methods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Aeromechanics Specialists Conference of the American-Helicopter-Society CY OCT 11-13, 1995 CL BRIDGEPORT, CT SP Amer Helicopter Soc ID NOISE AB This paper compares two methods for predicting the noise from helicopter rotors in forward flight. Both methods use a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver for the Euler equations to predict the aerodynamic and acoustic solutions in the near field. The first method propagates the near-field noise using the acoustic analogy without quadrupole terms. The second method uses a Kirchhoff integration to propagate the near-field rotor noise to the far field. Computed results from both methods are compared with each other and with experimental data for test cases with both high-speed impulsive and blade-vortex interaction noise. Computed results show that both methods give similar results for cases where there is no transonic flow over the rotor blades. For higher-speed cases with transonic flow, the Kirchhoff method gives more accurate results. Both acoustic prediction methods require similar computational resources, but these requirements are small when compared to those of the CFD now solver. C1 USA, AFDD, NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP Lyrintzis, AS (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV, SCH AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WF418 UT WOS:A1997WF41800005 ER PT J AU Motta, CA Gomez, E Naulty, C LaChance, RK Poropatich, R Micheals, MR Robie, D Darling, B Parry, R Cannon, M Richter, J AF Motta, CA Gomez, E Naulty, C LaChance, RK Poropatich, R Micheals, MR Robie, D Darling, B Parry, R Cannon, M Richter, J TI A clinical telemedicine consultation system incorporating evaluative research SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PY 1997 SU S BP 977 EP 977 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA V3182 UT WOS:000171774300306 ER PT J AU Prather, DW Mirotznik, MS Mait, JN AF Prather, DW Mirotznik, MS Mait, JN TI Boundary integral methods applied to the analysis of diffractive optical elements SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; PHASE GRATINGS; DESIGN; BINARY; EFFICIENCY; GROOVES AB We apply boundary integrals to the analysis of diffraction from both conductive and dielectric diffractive optical elements. Boundary integral analysis uses the integral from of the wave equation to describe the induced surface distributions over the boundary of a diffractive element. The surface distributions are used to determine the diffracted fields anywhere in space. In contrast to other vector analysis techniques, boundary integral methods are not restricted to the analysis of infinitely periodic structures but extend to finite aperiodic structures as well. We apply the boundary element method to solve the boundary integral equations and validate its implementation by comparing with analytical solutions our results for the diffractive analysis of a circular conducting cylinder and a dielectric cylinder. We also present the diffractive analysis of a conducting plate, a conducting linear grating, an eight-level off-axis conducting lens, an eight-level on-axis dielectric lens, and a binary dielectric lens that has subwavelength features. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV AMER, DEPT ELECT ENGN, WASHINGTON, DC 20064 USA. RP USA, RES LAB,EO,SE,AMSRL, 2800 POWDER MILL RD, ADELPHI, MD 20783 USA. NR 39 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.14.000034 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA WC086 UT WOS:A1997WC08600005 ER PT J AU Videen, G Ngo, D AF Videen, G Ngo, D TI Light scattering from a cylinder near a plane interface: Theory and comparison with experimental data SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE SCATTERING; CONDUCTING PLANE; GROUND PLANE; SURFACE; SPHERE; BACKSCATTERING; PARTICLE; FRONT AB We derive a theory to calculate light scattering from a cylinder on or near a plane interface. There are no restrictions on the values of the refractive indices of the system constituents. We use the approximation that the interference component of the electromagnetic fields strikes the plane interface at normal incidence. The exact solution is asymptotically approached when either the cylinder-interface separation is large compared with the cylinder radius or the difference between the refractive indices separated by the plane interface becomes large or approaches zero. We compare numerical results with experimental Mueller matrix elements measured from a quartz fiber on an aluminum substrate. We find that numerical results calculated with this approximation are a significant improvement over those calculated assuming the interface to be perfectly conducting and those that do not include the interaction fields. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. EDGEWOOD RES & DEV ENGN CTR,ETE,SCBRD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.14.000070 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA WC086 UT WOS:A1997WC08600010 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA Karpov, AY AF Vorontsov, MA Karpov, AY TI Pattern formation due to interballoon spatial mode coupling SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL SYSTEMS; SINGLE FEEDBACK MIRROR; 2-DIMENSIONAL FEEDBACK; SODIUM VAPOR; INSTABILITIES; KNBO3; FILM AB We analyze new types of transverse interactions in nonlinear-optical systems with a Kerr slice and diffractive feedback. Results demonstrate that interactions between the most unstable modes that have wave vectors belonging to different mode instability hands (intepballoon interactions) cause the formation of new types of patterns. Made amplitude equations for these patterns that account for interactions between these patterns are obtained. Analysis of amplitude equations is confirmed by numerical simulation. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 34 EP 50 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.14.000034 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA WC274 UT WOS:A1997WC27400006 ER PT J AU Riddle, WA AF Riddle, WA TI Custer and the Cheyenne: George Armstrong Custer's winter campaign on the southern plains - Kraft,L SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Book Review RP Riddle, WA (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD JAN PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC History SC History GA WG329 UT WOS:A1997WG32900017 ER PT J AU Petrali, JP Lopolito, PT OglesbyMegee, SB Hamilton, TA Rhoads, LS AF Petrali, JP Lopolito, PT OglesbyMegee, SB Hamilton, TA Rhoads, LS TI Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characterization of an in vitro model of human epidermis: Its potential for sulfur mustard study SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT; DIFFERENTIATION AB The morphopathology of sulfur mustard dermal toxicity has been studied largely with in vivo models such as the hairless guinea pig and domestic weanling pig. Although these models have provided useful clues toward the understanding of mechanisms of sulfur mustard-induced dermal lesions, the correlation with human skin is not exact and the continuing availability of any animal model is problematic. In the interest of reducing research dependence on animal models, and to provide a laboratory model for sulfur mustard study with some level of correlation to human skin, we are evaluating an in vitro human epidermal model developed by Rhoads. The model was generated by seeding human keratinocytes onto Millipore Milli-Cm inserts precoated with type I collagen. The model, grown in culture for 7 days, presented a replicate display of epidermal structural components typically found in vivo. There was evidence of organotypic differentiation and stratification with characteristic cell types recognized to each epidermal stratum. Well-defined desmosomes, tonofilaments, human-type keratohyaline granules, and complete hemidesmosomes at the basement membrane zone were present. Immunohistochemical investigations revealed the generation of the epidermal proteins, bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA), and hemidesmosomal anchoring filament protein (GB3), both of which have been shown to be altered following dermal exposure to sulfur mustard. These characteristics, as well as the in-house availability of the model, may lead to its increasing facility as an appropriate in vitro human epidermal model for the replicate study of sulfur mustard-induced skin lesions. C1 USA,MRICD,DIV DRUG ASSESSMENT,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP Petrali, JP (reprint author), USA,MRICD,DIV COMPARAT MED,3100 RICKETTS POINT RD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA XN133 UT WOS:A1997XN13300002 ER PT J AU Petrali, JP Miskena, FJ Hamilton, TA Finger, AV Janny, SJ AF Petrali, JP Miskena, FJ Hamilton, TA Finger, AV Janny, SJ TI Sulfur mustard toxicity of the rabbit eye: An ultrastructural study SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT AB Whole body exposure to sulfur mustard (HD) produces cutaneous, respiratory, and ocular impairment. Of these, ocular damage causes the most immediate incapacitation. Heretofore, characterization of HD ocular toxicity has been limited largely to gross and histological observations. In this study we explore ultrastructural effects of ocular HD exposure and establish correlations with ultrastructural data already documented for dermal exposure. Anesthetized rabbits were exposed to 0.4 mu l liquid HD placed directly on the cornea. At 24 h postexposure, animals were euthanized for routine necropsy evaluations. Eyes processed for ultrastructural analysis showed consistent focal necrotic sloughing of corneal epithelial cells at the site of exposure. In addition, a spreading detachment of epithelium occurred because of a disabling of basal cell hemidesmosomes, which cleaved the epithelium from the stroma at the level of the lamina lucida. This led to large expanses of denuded stroma, with remnants of anchoring filaments, fragments of basal cell membranes, and cellular debris attached to the remaining lamina densa. Edema, degenerating fibroblasts, and inflammatory cellular infiltrates were persistent stromal responses at the site of exposure. These ultrastructural effects of corneal exposure appear to be consistent with that reported previously for skin, perhaps providing shared anatomical considerations for the development of effective prophylaxis and therapy. RP Petrali, JP (reprint author), USA,COMPARAT PATHOL BRANCH,DIV COMPARAT MED,MED INST CHEM DEF,1500 RICKETTS POINT RD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 227 EP 237 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA YK473 UT WOS:A1997YK47300004 ER PT J AU Graham, JS Smith, KJ Braue, EH Martin, JL Matterson, PA Tucker, FS Hurst, CG Hackely, BE AF Graham, JS Smith, KJ Braue, EH Martin, JL Matterson, PA Tucker, FS Hurst, CG Hackely, BE TI Improved healing of sulfur mustard-induced cutaneous lesions in the weanling pig by pulsed CO2 laser debridement SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL WARFARE; SKIN; INVIVO AB The healing of cutaneous wounds induced by the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide; HD] following pulsed CO2, laser debridement was examined in weanling pigs. Six animals (7-9 kg) were used to examine the efficacy of a Tru-Pulse CO2 laser in promoting improved healing. Each animal had 24 exposure sites on the dorsum. Eight sites were sham exposed, eight sites were exposed to saturated HD vapor for 5 min, and eight sites were exposed to saturated HD vapor for 15 min. Twelve sites on each pig were debrided using a pulsed CO2 laser. Two pigs were debrided each at 6, 24, and 48 h postexposure. The pigs were monitored during a 14-day healing period for erythema (by reflectance colorimetry), edema (Draize scoring), systemic toxicity (by hematological and clinical chemistry examinations), and lesion size (by video dermatoscopic examination and image analysis). At the end of the 14-day period, animals were euthanized and biopsies taken of all exposure sites for histopathological analysis. Laser- and HD-induced edema resolved within 3 days; erythema within 10 days. The HD exposures did not appear to cause systemic toxicities. For those sites exposed to HD vapor for 15 min, 46% of all nondebrided sites showed significant gross lesions at 14 days compared with small lesions in 17% of the debrided sites. Viability, thickness, and organization of the epidermis were all significantly improved by pulsed CO2 laser debridement. By 14 days postexposure, nondebrided HD-exposed sites had reepithelialized; however, the epidermis was characterized by cytological atypia, disordered maturation, scattered apoptotic/necrotic keratinocytes, and marked squamoid changes. A scale crust with intraepidermal inflammatory infiltrate was apparent on sites exposed to HD vapor for 15 min. The dermis was characterized by focal areas of mild necrobiotic changes with a sparse to moderately dense mononuclear infiltrate with scattered neutrophils (15 min exposures). In contrast, the epidermis of all sites debrided at 6, 24, or 48 h postexposure was thick, well organized with rete ridge formation, contained a well-formed basal cell layer showing a cuboidal morphology, and showed an ordered maturation with no cytological atypia and no intraepidermal inflammatory infiltrate. The papillary dermis showed increased stromal cell proliferation, no necrobiotic changes, and minimal inflammatory infiltrate. Laser debridement played a useful role in the management of mild to moderately severe cutaneous HD burns in weanling pigs. RP Graham, JS (reprint author), USA,MED RES INST CHEM DEF,COMPARAT PATHOL BRANCH,3100 RICKETTS POINT RD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 275 EP 295 PG 21 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA YK473 UT WOS:A1997YK47300008 ER PT J AU Costabile, RA AF Costabile, RA TI Infertility - Is there anything we can do about it? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPERMATOZOA C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Costabile, RA (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT SURG,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 157 IS 1 BP 158 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65312-6 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA VW915 UT WOS:A1997VW91500049 PM 8976240 ER PT J AU Heidenreich, A Moul, JW McLeod, DG Mostofi, FK Engelmann, UH AF Heidenreich, A Moul, JW McLeod, DG Mostofi, FK Engelmann, UH TI The role of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in mature teratoma of the testis SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE testis; testicular neoplasms; teratoma; lymph node excision ID I TESTICULAR TERATOMA; STAGE-I; PROGNOSIS; CANCER; ADULT; HISTOPATHOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; CHEMOTHERAPY; PREDICTION; CARCINOMA AB Purpose: Pure testicular teratoma is rare in adulthood with an incidence of 5%. Pure teratoma is considered less aggressive and less likely to metastasize than other nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Therefore, patients with mature teratoma have been considered candidates for surveillance protocols. We report our experience with 44 cases of primary pure testicular teratoma. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified 44 patients (5.7%) with primary pure teratoma of the testis of the 772 treated for testicular germ cell tumors at our institutions. Archival tumor blocks were available for pathological reevaluation and serial sections were obtained in all cases. A total of 35 patients (79.5%) who presented with clinical low stage disease, including stage I in 26 (59.1%) and stage IIA/B in 9 (20.4%), underwent radical orchiectomy followed by retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Nine patients (20.5%) who presented with clinically advanced disease (stages IIC to IV) were treated with primary chemotherapy and secondary retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy of residual masses. Results: The frequency of lymph node metastases was 19.2% in clinical stage I disease and 66% in stage IIA/B. Histopathological diagnosis of mature teratoma was confirmed in all cases. However, of 20 patients 16 (80%) had scars or calcifications in the adjacent parenchyma, indicating a burned out tumor, and 4 (20%) had microfocal embryonal carcinoma. None of the patients with clinical stage I disease had relapse during followup and the relapse rate in those with stage IIA/B disease was 33%. Median followup was 97 months (range 24 to 250). Overall 43% of patients with pure teratoma presented with metastatic disease. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the malignant potential of pure testicular mature teratoma. Based on our results metastases in testicular mature teratoma seem to result from metastasizing nongerm cell components undergoing early regression, as demonstrated by the high frequency of burned out tumors. We recommend that serial sections be taken of the orchiectomy specimen in all cases of pure mature teratoma to determine adequate management: retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in cases of associated scars, calcifications or microfocal malignant germ cell components and surveillance in cases of pure mature teratoma. C1 ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,GENITOURINARY PATHOL DEPT,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,UROL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIV COLOGNE,DEPT UROL,COLOGNE,GERMANY. RP Heidenreich, A (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT SURG,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 157 IS 1 BP 160 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65313-8 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA VW915 UT WOS:A1997VW91500050 PM 8976241 ER PT J AU Mokulis, J Thompson, I AF Mokulis, J Thompson, I TI Radical prostatectomy: Is the perineal approach more difficult to learn? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatectomy ID PELVIC LYMPHADENECTOMY; CANCER AB Purpose: We assessed the relative difficulty with which radical perineal and retropubic prostatectomy operations are learned. Materials and Methods: The first 10 radical perineal and retropubic prostatectomies performed by 6 graduating urology residents were reviewed for patient and tumor characteristics, duration of surgery and hospitalization, and complication rates. Results: A total of 120 patients was reviewed. Mean hospital stay was 2.5 days less after radical perineal prostatectomy, and estimated blood loss, number of transfusions and complication rates were also less for this procedure. All parameters used to estimate the outcome of the procedure indicated that radical perineal prostatectomy was learned more quickly than radical retropubic prostatectomy. Conclusions: In a residency training program radical perineal prostatectomy was learned at least as easily as retropubic prostatectomy. Due to expanding indications for this procedure, these findings should encourage urological surgeons to develop their skill with this approach. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RP Mokulis, J (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 157 IS 1 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65333-3 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA VW915 UT WOS:A1997VW91500070 PM 8976259 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Radical prostatectomy and cryotherapy - Some answers, more questions SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANCER C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT DEF CTR PROSTATE DIS RES,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 157 IS 1 BP 256 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65339-4 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA VW915 UT WOS:A1997VW91500076 PM 8976265 ER PT J AU Gravens, MB AF Gravens, MB TI Wave resolution effects on predicted shoreline positions SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-MODEL; BEACH; DIFFRACTION; REFRACTION AB The sensitivity of predicted shoreline positions to input wave conditions is examined using the numerical shoreline evolution model GENESIS. Simulated shoreline change over a 70-month period is compared to measured shoreline change for the same period. Shoreline change simulations were performed using seven different descriptions of the input incident wave conditions. Also examined is the influence of using estimates of wave conditions concurrent with the simulation period versus using representative wave conditions selected from a 20-yr database of hindcast wave conditions. The findings indicate that a more representative shoreline planform shape is predicted when the input wave specification includes alongshore variability due to wave transformation over the nearshore bathymetry. At sites where the nearshore contours are straight and parallel to the shoreline, there is little alongshore variability in the breaking wave conditions and inclusion of nearshore wave information in the input wave specification is less important. Although an improved prediction of shoreline change is obtained when nearshore wave conditions are used, ambiguity surrounds selection of an appropriate bathymetric grid resolution for nearshore wave transformation. Finally, it was found that the inclusion of nearshore wave information in the input wave specification is likely to improve the modeling result more than using offshore wave information concurrent with the period of evolution. RP Gravens, MB (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,COAST ENGN RES CTR,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 123 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1997)123:1(23) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA VZ140 UT WOS:A1997VZ14000004 ER PT J AU McAnally, WH Pritchard, DW AF McAnally, WH Pritchard, DW TI Salinity control in Mississippi River under drought flows SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Record low flow on the Mississippi River in 1988 created a potential for record prior movement of the saltwater wedge from the Gulf of Mexico, threatening water supply for the city of New Orleans and nearby communities. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers employed one-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical models to design temporary underwater sill that would limit upstream salinity intrusion. The sill was constructed and successfully protected the freshwater supplies of the New Orleans area with cost savings of over $50,000,000. Postdrought analysis showed that the models accurately predicted behavior of the salt wedge and the sill. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,SEVERNA PK,MD 21146. RP McAnally, WH (reprint author), USA,ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPT STN,HYDROL LAB,WATERWAYS & ESTUARIES DIV,3909 HALLS FERRY RD,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 123 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1997)123:1(34) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA VZ140 UT WOS:A1997VZ14000005 ER PT J AU Aguilera, NS Shields, DJ Byrd, JC Dow, NS Diehl, LF Abbondanzo, SL AF Aguilera, NS Shields, DJ Byrd, JC Dow, NS Diehl, LF Abbondanzo, SL TI Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated high grade transformation in fludarabine (FLD) treated low grade b-cell lymphomas (LGNHL). SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 691 EP 691 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WD486 UT WOS:A1997WD48600706 ER PT J AU Frankel, S Klassen, M Markowitz, L Kiat, K Phaibul, P Tara, P Brown, A Nanta, R Sorachai, N Nelson, A Robb, M Birx, D AF Frankel, S Klassen, M Markowitz, L Kiat, K Phaibul, P Tara, P Brown, A Nanta, R Sorachai, N Nelson, A Robb, M Birx, D TI The histopathology of HIV-1, subtype E, infected lymphoid tissue from Bangkok, Thailand. SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,ARMED FORCES PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,ARMY INST PATHOL,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 810 EP 810 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WD486 UT WOS:A1997WD48600825 ER PT J AU Asher, LVS Gandre, HV CockmanThomas, R Caudill, JD Longer, CF AF Asher, LVS Gandre, HV CockmanThomas, R Caudill, JD Longer, CF TI Hepatitis E virus-induced apoptosis in experimentally infected monkeys. SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 835 EP 835 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WD486 UT WOS:A1997WD48600850 ER PT J AU Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Jorgenson, DS Ramos, M Panos, R Johnson, FB AF Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Jorgenson, DS Ramos, M Panos, R Johnson, FB TI Microprobe analysis of pathological inclusions in fibrous capsules associated with silicone breast implants. SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,PLAST SURG SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. USN,MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 1062 EP 1062 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WD486 UT WOS:A1997WD48601077 ER PT B AU Zwick, H Elliott, R Schuschereba, ST Lund, DJ Stuck, BE AF Zwick, H Elliott, R Schuschereba, ST Lund, DJ Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI In vivo confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopic characterization of retinal pathology in a small eye animal model SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE laser; numerical aperture; small eye optics; confocal ophthalmoscopy; photoreceptors; blood toxicity AB We have used confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) to evaluate acute laser retinal injury in a small eye animal model. The snake eye is optically unique, combining a high numerical aperture with a clear ocular media and a cornea covered with a hard dry spectacle. These optical qualities allow detailed resolution of photoreceptors, retinal nerve fiber, and retinal capillary blood cells in an intact vertebrate eye. We demonstrated that acute laser exposures capable of damaging the photoreceptor matrix may also alter blood flow at more anterior levels of the retina. Changes in photoreceptor density and orientation were indicated in the early post exposure seconds at high dose acute Argon laser exposures. An increase in photoreceptor reflectivity was observed in surviving photoreceptors and was enhanced with a near IR CSLO imaging source. Q-switched exposure failed to show this enhancement, possibly because of greater subchoroidal involvement associated with acoustic damage processes. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.275253 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00007 ER PT B AU Lund, DJ Fuller, DR Hoxie, SW Edsall, PR AF Lund, DJ Fuller, DR Hoxie, SW Edsall, PR BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Variation of retinal ED50 with exposure duration for Near-IR sources SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE laser; retina; damage threshold; Ti:Sapphire; near infrared; time dependence AB A body of data relates the ED50 for laser-induced retinal damage to exposure duration for visible-wavelength laser exposure and for 1064 nm laser exposure. The data base, extending from subnanosecond exposures to kilosecond exposures, can for the most part, be fit to models based on thermal interactions, thermal-mechanical mechanisms, and photochemical processes. Exceptions to this fit occur between 1 and 100 microseconds where the damage mechanism transitions from exclusively thermal to thermal-mechanical. Disagreement exists as to whether this anomalous dip of ED50 is real or is an artifact of the data. We determined the laser-induced retinal ED50 in Rhesus monkey eyes for several exposure durations from 12 nanoseconds to 1000 milliseconds at 755 nm using a dye laser, an alexandrite laser, and a Ti:Sapphire laser. These data do not show a dip in ED50 in the microsecond time period. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.275254 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00008 ER PT B AU Zwick, H Ness, JW Loveday, J Molchany, J Stuck, BE AF Zwick, H Ness, JW Loveday, J Molchany, J Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Optimization of neural retinal visual motor strategies in recovery of visual acuity following acute laser induced macula injury SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE human laser injury; primary and secondary damage; pseudofovea; contrast sensitivity; artificial scotoma AB Laser induced damage to the retina may produce immediate and serious loss in visual acuity as well as subsequent recovery of visual acuity over a 1 to 6 month post exposure period. While acuity may recover, full utilization of the foveal region may not return. In one patient, a superior/temporal preferred retinal location (PRL) was apparent, while a second patient demonstrated significant foveal involvement and contrast sensitivity more reflective of foveal than parafoveal involvement. These conditions of injury were simulated by using an artificial scotoma technique which optically stabilized a 5 degrees opacity in the center of the visual field. The transmission of spatially degraded target information in the scotoma was 0%, 5% and 95%. Contrast sensitivity for the 0% and 5% transmission scotoma showed broad spatial frequency suppression as opposed to a bipartite contrast sensitivity function with a narrow sensitivity loss at 3 cycles/degree for the 95% transmission scotoma. A PRL shift to superior temporal retina with a concomitant change in accommodation was noted as target resolution became more demanding. These findings suggest that restoration of visual acuity in human laser accidents may depend upon the functionality of complex retinal and cortical adaptive mechanisms. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.275230 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00011 ER PT B AU Stamper, DA Lund, DJ Molchany, JW Stuck, BE AF Stamper, DA Lund, DJ Molchany, JW Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Transient disruption of human pursuit tracking performance for laser exposures below permissible exposure limits SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE lasers; psychomotor performance; vision; glare; human AB The proliferation of lasers for medical care, laser displays, industrial applications and audio-visual presentations (e.g., pointers) has increased the potential for accidental intrabeam exposure to visible laser radiation. The output of these laser devices may be limited to below permissible exposure limits, but they are perceived as bright and can affect performance. The disruption experienced while viewing a laser is related to factors that include the retinal irradiance level, wavelength ambient light level and mode (continuous wave (CW) and repetitively pulsed (RP)). This report describes studies where these factors were varied to assess the effects of laser light on tracking performance in a laboratory simulator and in a field study. Disruption was determined by measuring maximum error (the deviation from the center of a target expressed in milliradians) and total time off target. Performance disruption increased as irradiance levels increased and ambient light levels decreased. Under dawn/dusk conditions relatively low-level laser energy produced performance disruption. Green laser light at the peak of the photopic sensitivity curve was more disruptive than red laser light. increased error scores during CW and RP trials were attributed to average rather than peak power effects. More than 1500 laser exposures at levels up to MPE/2 have been given to volunteers. Despite transient performance disruption comparison of the pre and post-laser visual performance tests and fundus evaluations were unremarkable. RP Stamper, DA (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.275233 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00015 ER PT B AU Franks, JK Sliney, DH Wood, RL AF Franks, JK Sliney, DH Wood, RL BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Potential ocular hazards from solar exposure during extravehicular activity SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE astronaut; solar exposure; extraterrestrial solar spectrum; ''blue-light'' AB In earth orbit, the ambient optical radiation environment: provided by the sun is not the same as on the surface of the earth. The atmosphere provides a protective layer that is not present in space. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has published guidelines for exposure to broad-band optical radiation. These guidelines are called Threshold limit values (TLV(TM)). Potential hazards include photochemical and thermal effects on the eye and skin. These guidelines are intended to be used with artificial sources such as are lamps, however, they may be applied to solar exposure during extravehicular activity so that recommendations may be made to limit the risk of astronauts who are spending more and more time outside the Space Shuttle. Protective filters are discussed that will limit exposure to optical radiation. Permissible exposure times are calculated based on the ACGIH TLVs. Although thermal TLVs may be exceeded, exposures are well below injury thresholds. RP Franks, JK (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,5158 BLACKHAWK RD,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.275234 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00016 ER PT B AU Schuschereba, ST Scales, DK AF Schuschereba, ST Scales, DK BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Current therapy for laser-induced retinal injury: Overview of clinical and experimental approaches SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE laser; retina; macula; injury; neutrophils; edema; macular hole; vitreous hemorrhage; scarring; treatment AB Adequate treatment strategies do not exist for retinal laser injuries. To gain a better understanding of available treatments, data from a variety of human laser accident cases and relevant experimental work was evaluated. Most laser eye injury cases are not attended by an ophthalmologist for several hours to days after injury and most patients are not treated. treatment; only the FDA approved glucocorticoids are available for use. controversial. Experimental animal work during the acute phase of injury indicates that productive efforts have targeted neuroprotection, inflammation (PMNs), ischemia-reperfusion, and lipid peroxidation. Late stage issues for treatment are scarring, retinal hole persistence and expansion, and traction. In summary, treatments for acute and late phase injury are currently inadequate. Preserving existing neural elements should be the top priority in these injuries. We reccomend that relevant treatments begin immediately after injury. Other approaches are necessary to target early and late phase secondary damage events that are entrenched. RP Schuschereba, ST (reprint author), USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,BROOKS AFB,SAN ANTONIO,TX, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 171 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.275240 PG 18 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00021 ER PT B AU Sengupta, S McKnight, SH Sengupta, LC AF Sengupta, S McKnight, SH Sengupta, LC BE Dubowski, JJ TI Pulsed laser deposition of ferroelectric thin films SO LASER APPLICATIONS IN MICROELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing II CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE pulsed laser deposition; ferroelectric thin films; barium strontium titanium oxide; tunable ferroelectrics AB It has been shown that in bulk ceramic form, the barium to strontium ratio in barium strontium titanium oxide (Ba-1. xSrxTiO3, BSTO) affects the voltage tunability and electronic dissipation factor in an inverse fashion; increasing the strontium content reduces the dissipation factor at the expense of lower voltage tunability. However, the oxide composites of BSTO developed at the Army Research Laboratory still maintain low electronic loss factors for all compositions examined.(1) The intent of this study is to determine whether such effects can be observed in the thin film form of the oxide composites. The Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method has been used to deposit the thin films. The different compositions of the compound (with 1 wt% of the oxide additive) chosen were: Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3, Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3, Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3, and Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3. The electronic properties investigated in this study were the dielectric constant and the voltage tunability. The morphology of the thin films were examined using the Atomic Force Microscopy. Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy was also utilized for optical characterization of the thin films. The electronic and optical properties of the thin films and the bulk ceramics were compared The results of these investigations are discussed. RP Sengupta, S (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS & MAT RES DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2402-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2991 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1117/12.273732 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH84C UT WOS:A1997BH84C00027 ER PT B AU Kleinmeyer, JD Demaree, JD AF Kleinmeyer, JD Demaree, JD BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Computer enhanced photon tunneling microscopy for surface characterization of optical materials SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1996 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials - 1996 CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Bennett Opt Res, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE photon tunneling; microscopy; sapphire; ion implantation; damage AB Surface characterization of optical materials is a time consuming and complex process. The complexity of these materials provides a challenging task for determining the effects of such factors as polishing, surface defects, subsurface fracture and variations in optical surface coatings. Our laboratory has incorporated several types of non-intrusive techniques for surface analysis and sample characterization The newest and one of the most promising techniques is Computer Enhanced Photon Tunneling Microscopy. This paper describes our current photon tunneling microscopy (PTM) system and its use in the characterization of the surface topography of ion-implanted optical sapphire. Examination of implanted surfaces by PTM can be used to determine the amount of material removed by ion sputtering as well as the roughening of the surface by the implantation. RP Kleinmeyer, JD (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAP & MAT RES DIRECTORATE,DEPT ARMY,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2370-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2966 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1117/12.274286 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH93D UT WOS:A1997BH93D00021 ER PT B AU Horan, PJ Popovic, NA Islinger, RB Kuklo, TR Dick, EJ AF Horan, PJ Popovic, NA Islinger, RB Kuklo, TR Dick, EJ BE Anderson, RR Bartels, KE Bass, LS Gregory, KW Harris, DM Lui, H Malek, RS Muller, GJ Pankratov, MM Perlmutter, AP Reidenbach, HD Tate, LP Watson, GM Katzir, A TI Acute and chronic response of meniscal fibrocartilage to Holmium:YAG laser irradiation SO LASERS IN SURGERY: ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION, THERAPEUTICS, AND SYSTEMS VII, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Surgery - Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems VII CY FEB 08-09, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE arthroscopy; laser; meniscectomy AB The acute and chronic (10 week) histological effects of the Holmium:YAG laser during partial meniscectomy in an in vivo rabbit model were investigated. Twenty-four adult male New Zealand rabbits underwent bilateral parapatellar medial knee arthrotomies. In the right knee, a partial medial meniscectomy was done through the avascular zone using a standard surgical blade. In the left knee, an anatomically similar partial medial meniscectomy was performed using a Ho:YAG laser (Coherent, USA). This study indicates that the laser creates two zones of damage in the meniscal fibrocartilage and that the zone of thermal change may act as a barrier to healing. The zone of thermal change which is eventually debrided was thought at the time of surgery to be viable. In the laser cut menisci, the synovium appears to have greater inflammation early and to be equivalent with the scalpel cut after three weeks. At all time periods there appeared more cellular damage in the laser specimens. RP Horan, PJ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2381-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2970 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.275036 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Optics; Surgery GA BH93E UT WOS:A1997BH93E00018 ER PT J AU Barth, J AF Barth, J TI The Wall Street Journal lifetime guide to money: Everything you need to know about managing your finances - For every stage of life - Wiegold,CF SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Barth, J (reprint author), US MIL ACAD LIB,W POINT,NY 10996, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 122 IS 1 BP 116 EP 116 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WC742 UT WOS:A1997WC74200203 ER PT S AU Feaster, SR Quinn, DM AF Feaster, SR Quinn, DM BE Rubin, B Dennis, EA TI Mechanism-based inhibitors of mammalian cholesterol esterase SO LIPASES, PT B: ENZYME CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review ID SALT-STIMULATED LIPASE; CANDIDA-RUGOSA LIPASE; PANCREATIC LIPASE; PARA-NITROPHENYL; INTERFACIAL ACTIVATION; ACYLENZYME MECHANISM; CATALYZED-HYDROLYSIS; GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM; PROCOLIPASE COMPLEX; SERINE PROTEASES C1 UNIV IOWA, DEPT CHEM, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. RP Feaster, SR (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DIV BIOCHEM, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. NR 58 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182187-0 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1997 VL 286 BP 231 EP 252 PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BJ65Z UT WOS:A1997BJ65Z00011 PM 9309653 ER PT B AU Beck, WA Mirotznik, MS Faska, TS AF Beck, WA Mirotznik, MS Faska, TS BE Li, SS Liu, HC Tidrow, MZ TI Antenna structures for optical coupling in quantum-well infrared detectors SO LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED DETECTORS AND ARRAYS: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS V SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors and Arrays - Physics and Applications at the Joint International Meeting of the ECS/ISE CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Phillips Lab, Air Force Wright Lab, Jet Propulsion Lab AB Predicted performance for antenna-coupled quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) is presented. These structures contain a patterned metal antenna layer and dielectric backplane reflector in place of the usual metal phase grating. When illuminated by normally incident plane-wave illumination, the antenna structures generate both evanescent and propagating modes that have the required polarization to be absorbed by the aw stack. An undersampled spectral technique is also demonstrated for using the finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) technique to compute spectral quantum efficiency in a single FDTD run. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beck, WA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-186-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 33 BP 48 EP 62 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BK68U UT WOS:000073091700005 ER PT B AU Tidrow, MZ Jiang, XD Chiang, JC Li, SS Kennerly, SW AF Tidrow, MZ Jiang, XD Chiang, JC Li, SS Kennerly, SW BE Li, SS Liu, HC Tidrow, MZ TI Normal incidence N-type direct gap quantum well infrared photodetectors SO LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED DETECTORS AND ARRAYS: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS V SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors and Arrays - Physics and Applications at the Joint International Meeting of the ECS/ISE CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Phillips Lab, Air Force Wright Lab, Jet Propulsion Lab AB Normal incidence intersubband transition in n-type direct band gap quantum well structure is conventionally considered forbidden according to the quantum selection rules. However, it is a very desirable feature when the intersubband transition is used for quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) applications. In this paper, the results of several n-type direct band gap QWIP samples are given which show concrete experimental evidence of infrared detection under normal incidence condition. Three QWIP samples with different structures, processing procedures, and experimental conditions are examined to study the effects of the mesa edge, the substrate edge, and the metal-semiconductor interface diffusion. Explanations are attempted from both testing conditions and theoretical explorations. Further study is under way to explore the feasibility of using normal incidence n-type direct band gap QWIPs for large format focal plane array (FPA) applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-186-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 33 BP 199 EP 208 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BK68U UT WOS:000073091700019 ER PT J AU DavidBajar, KM Davis, BM AF DavidBajar, KM Davis, BM TI Pathology, immunopathology, and immunohistochemistry in cutaneous lupus erythematosus SO LUPUS LA English DT Article DE lupus erythematosus; cutaneous lupus erythematosus; cutaneous histopathology; cutaneous immunofluorescence ID MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX; SUN-EXPOSED SKIN; BAND TEST; UNINVOLVED SKIN; POSITIVE IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS; BULLOUS ERUPTION; RENAL-DISEASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ANTIBODIES C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 83 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0961-2033 J9 LUPUS JI Lupus PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1177/096120339700600210 PG 13 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA WL623 UT WOS:A1997WL62300010 PM 9061663 ER PT S AU Miller, MJ Wood, GL Salamo, GJ AF Miller, MJ Wood, GL Salamo, GJ BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Photorefractive beam fanning optical limiter SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB We have investigated the potential for using photorefractive phenomena in optical limiting devices. The major obstacle preventing the photorefractive limiter from reaching this potential has been speed of response. In this paper we report on several techniques which are successful in enhancing the photorefractive beam fanning response time. In particular, we demonstrate and characterize the use of applied electric fields, gratings to seed the beam fan, and cylindrical focusing. We also report the first demonstration of a prototype beam fanning optical limiter encompassing many of the proposed improvements. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700026 ER PT S AU Goedert, R Becker, R Clements, A Whittaker, T AF Goedert, R Becker, R Clements, A Whittaker, T BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Shadowgraphic imaging of dilute carbon and Mo2Ag4S8[PPh3](4) suspensions SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp DE laser induced breakdown; plasma; suspension; bubble; nonlinear materials; shadowgraph; imagery AB Time-resolved imagery is presented showing the changes that occur in the focal volume of dilute liquid/particle suspensions following the arrival of single, Q-switched, frequency-doubled, Nd:YAG laser pulses. Limiting data and corresponding imagery at 21, 84, 244, 790, and 2900 nanoseconds following the laser pulse are presented for a carbon particle suspension consisting of used (carbonized) 10W-15 motor oil and for a suspension of the inorganic metallic cluster molecule Mo2Ag4S8[PPh3](4). The images in conjunction with the accompanying limiting data show that the reduction in transmission, observed as the input pulse energy is increased, results from scattering from bubbles augmented by plasma absorption. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Goedert, R (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, MS 263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700037 ER PT S AU Demaree, JD Kirkpatrick, SR Kirkpatrick, AR Hirvonen, JK AF Demaree, JD Kirkpatrick, SR Kirkpatrick, AR Hirvonen, JK BE Alexander, DE Cheung, NW Park, B Skorupa, W TI Optical properties and surface roughness of ion implanted single crystal sapphire SO MATERIALS MODIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS BY ION BEAM PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Modification and Synthesis by Ion Beam Processing, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Implant Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Danfys A S, Diamond Semiconductor Grp Inc, Eaton Corp, Semiconductor Equipment Div, FHR GmbH, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf e V, High Voltage Engn, Sentech Instruments Berlin, Varian Associates Inc, Ion Implant Syst, Wacker Siltron AG, Zentrum Mikroelektr Dresden GmbH AB It has been shown that metal ion implantation can harden single crystal sapphire and introduce compressive stresses at the surface, which may lead to an increase in the fracture toughness of the material. This may significantly affect the usefulness of this material as a shatter-resistant optical window in missile applications. In this study, we have examined the extent to which sapphire can be implanted without severely degrading its optical quality by ion beam defect production. Optically-polished single-crystal c-axis sapphire was implanted with 150 keV Cr+, Ti+, and Si+ ions to doses of 0.3 - 3.0 x 10(17) ions/cm(2) at both room temperature and at 800 degrees C, to measure the optical effect of in situ annealing. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry showed evidence of implant species migration only in the case of Ti implanted at high temperatures; all other implant profiles were Gaussian. The optical transmittance of the sapphire was examined using visible spectrum transmission and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Si implantation resulted in a 10 % reduction in infrared transmittance at the highest ion dose, but this was reduced to 6 % when the implantation was done at high temperature. Both Cr and Ti implantation reduced the sapphire IR transmittance (by 16 % and 42 % respectively), but the effect of implantation temperature on transmittance was different. High temperature during implantation increased the transmittance of Cr-implanted samples, but further darkened Ti-implanted samples. Photon tunneling and atomic force microscopy showed that both Ti and Cr implantation roughened the surface of the material. RP Demaree, JD (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAP & MAT RES DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-342-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 438 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH43C UT WOS:A1997BH43C00070 ER PT S AU Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, JD Sengupta, LC Hirvonen, JK AF Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, JD Sengupta, LC Hirvonen, JK BE Alexander, DE Cheung, NW Park, B Skorupa, W TI Thermal annealing behavior of Si-DLC IBAD coatings SO MATERIALS MODIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS BY ION BEAM PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Modification and Synthesis by Ion Beam Processing, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Implant Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Danfys A S, Diamond Semiconductor Grp Inc, Eaton Corp, Semiconductor Equipment Div, FHR GmbH, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf e V, High Voltage Engn, Sentech Instruments Berlin, Varian Associates Inc, Ion Implant Syst, Wacker Siltron AG, Zentrum Mikroelektr Dresden GmbH AB Amorphous, 700 nm thick, diamond-like carbon coatings containing silicon (Si-DLC), formed by Ar+ ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) on silicon substrates, were annealed in air at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600 degrees C for 30 minutes. RBS analysis showed that the composition of the films remained the same up to 200 degrees C, but at higher temperatures the Si-DLC coatings began to oxidize at the outer surface of the coating, forming a surface layer of SiO2. After in-air annealing at 600 degrees C the coating had been completely converted to SiO2, with no trace of carbon seen by RBS. FTIR spectra of the unannealed coatings showed a very broad mode typical of Si-DLC bonding as well as some absorption features associated with Si and SiO2. Above 200 degrees C the transmission mode shifted to higher frequencies which may be caused by the growth of SiO2 and the decrease of the Si-DLC film thickness. The room temperature ball-on-disk friction coefficient of the coating against a 1/2 '' diameter 440 C steel ball at 1 N load ranged from 0.2 for the original coating up to 0.5 after a 100 degrees anneal and returned to 0.2 after annealing at 200-400 degrees C and fell to 0.12 after a 500 degrees C exposure. The average Knoop microhardness (uncorrected for substrate effects) was 10 GPa (1,000 KHN) for coatings annealed at temperatures as high as 400 degrees C. All coatings up to 500 degrees C passed the qualitative ''Scotch Tape'' test. RP Fountzoulas, CG (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,WEAPONS & MAT RES DIRECTORATE,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-342-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 438 BP 587 EP 592 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH43C UT WOS:A1997BH43C00087 ER PT S AU Otooni, MA Brown, IG Monteiro, O AF Otooni, MA Brown, IG Monteiro, O BE Alexander, DE Cheung, NW Park, B Skorupa, W TI Thermomechanically modulated nanoscale multilayered materials for application in electromagnetic gun systems SO MATERIALS MODIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS BY ION BEAM PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Modification and Synthesis by Ion Beam Processing, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Implant Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Danfys A S, Diamond Semiconductor Grp Inc, Eaton Corp, Semiconductor Equipment Div, FHR GmbH, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf e V, High Voltage Engn, Sentech Instruments Berlin, Varian Associates Inc, Ion Implant Syst, Wacker Siltron AG, Zentrum Mikroelektr Dresden GmbH AB Fired rails from electromagnetic railguns show severe damage from arcing and tribological mismatch. We have fabricated and studied several different nanoscale multilayered materials as possible routes to improve the thermal transport and thermomechanical properties of the rail and armature materials. A vacuum-are-based plasma deposition technique with wide control of ion energy was used for the sim synthesis, and high-energy high-dose (energy up to similar to 150 keV, dose up to similar to 1 x 10(17)cm(-2)) metal ion implantation was also used. The multilayered film structures formed and investigated included sublayers of Ti TiCo, ZrN, TaN and die (diamond-like carbon) in the following combinations: (i) ZrN on TiCo on TaN on die on a Cu substrate, (ii) ZrN on TiCo on TaN on die on an Al substrate, (iii) TiN on TiCo on TaN on a stainless steel substrate, and (iv) Ti on TiCo on a stainless steel substrate. Individual sublayer film thickness was in the range of 400 Angstrom-7 mu. The surfaces were characterized by SEM, TEM, RES, high energy electron diffraction, and microhardness measurements. Significant improvements in the material surface properties were obtained for virtually all of the surface structures investigated. Here we outline the material synthesis and surface modification techniques used and the materials characterization results obtained. RP Otooni, MA (reprint author), USA,ARDEC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 08706, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-342-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 438 BP 633 EP 638 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH43C UT WOS:A1997BH43C00094 ER PT B AU Mattice, M LaVigna, C AF Mattice, M LaVigna, C BE Varadan, VV Chandra, J TI Innovative active control of gun barrels using smart materials SO MATHEMATICS AND CONTROL IN SMART STRUCTURES - SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematics and Control in Smart Structures - Smart Structures and Materials 1997 CY MAR 03-06, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, USAF Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE active control; piezoelectric translators; digital control; strain sensing; stabilization; validation; smart materials; fiber optic strain gage AB The accuracy of stabilized, turreted gun systems like the 120mm gun on the M1A2 Abrams tank and the 30mm gun on the Apache helicopter are limited by, among other things, structural flexure of the gun barrel and support structure. An advanced actuation system based on piezoelectric translators and an optical fiber strain sensing system are described in conjunction with a rapid prototyping workstation for the design of distributed parameter control systems to actively minimize the effects of vibrations caused by traversing rough terrain or weapon firing. RP Mattice, M (reprint author), USA,CTR DEV & ENGN,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2452-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3039 BP 630 EP 641 DI 10.1117/12.276580 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics; Optics GA BJ12X UT WOS:A1997BJ12X00057 ER PT J AU Enzenauer, RJ Judson, PH AF Enzenauer, RJ Judson, PH TI Purine analogues for treatment of refractory essential mixed cryoglobulinemia SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Letter C1 HEMATOL ONCOL SERV,N PLATTE,NE. RP Enzenauer, RJ (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 72 IS 1 BP 92 EP 93 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WA872 UT WOS:A1997WA87200018 PM 9005296 ER PT B AU Kuo, CY Frost, JD AF Kuo, CY Frost, JD BE Chang, CS Misra, A Liang, RY Babic, M TI Initial fabric and uniformity of a sand specimen - An image analysis approach SO MECHANICS OF DEFORMATION AND FLOW OF PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanics of Deformation and Flow of Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL EVANSTON, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Comm Properties Mat, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Comm Fluid Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Appl Mech Div, Comm Geomech AB Variations of void ratio and differences in initial fabric within a specimen are principal reasons for the dependence of the response of laboratory specimens of granular materials upon the method of sample preparation. This paper describes new procedures which employ digital image processing and analysis techniques to quantify the initial fabric and uniformity of cohesionless soil specimens. For example, variations in the distribution of voids and particles are quantified using an automated implementation of Oda's local void ratio distribution methodology. The use of image processing methods is illustrated with the results of evaluations on an Ottawa 20-30 sand specimen which had its initial fabric "fixed" using a resin impregnation procedure. The results demonstrate that parameters such as uniformity, and initial and evolving fabric can be readily evaluated in an efficient and repeatable manner using automated image analysis procedures. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kuo, CY (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0251-5 PY 1997 BP 214 EP 227 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BK55C UT WOS:000072553600017 ER PT B AU Hopkins, M Tuhkuri, J Hansen, E AF Hopkins, M Tuhkuri, J Hansen, E BE Chang, CS Misra, A Liang, RY Babic, M TI 3D compression of circular ice floes: Comparing experiments and simulations SO MECHANICS OF DEFORMATION AND FLOW OF PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanics of Deformation and Flow of Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL EVANSTON, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Comm Properties Mat, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Engn Mech Div, Comm Fluid Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Appl Mech Div, Comm Geomech AB The compression of ice fields made up of thin floes is central to the processes of ice jam formation in northern rivers, pressure ridge formation in northern seas, and the dynamics of ice fields in Antarctic marginal seas. Model experiments were performed in which a floating layer of thin, circular ice floes, confined in a rectangular domain, were uniaxially compressed. The forces exerted by the ice against the moving boundary were measured. Geometrically similar, three-dimensional computer simulations were performed and the calculated forces are compared with the forces measured in the model experiments. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hopkins, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Tuhkuri, Jukka/E-6913-2012 OI Tuhkuri, Jukka/0000-0003-4837-352X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0251-5 PY 1997 BP 290 EP 298 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BK55C UT WOS:000072553600024 ER PT S AU Agin, TS Wolf, MK AF Agin, TS Wolf, MK BE Paul, PS Francis, DH Benfield, DA TI Immunological cross reactivity of EAEA (intimin) from E-coli that cause attaching and effacing lesions in humans and rabbits SO MECHANISMS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ENTERIC DISEASES SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Rushmore Conference on Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP USDA NRICGP, NAF EPSCoR S Dakota, Bayer, Agr Div, Shawnee Mission, Kansas, Pfizer, Cent Res Div, Lincoln, Solvay Anim Hlth, Mendota Heights, Boehringer Ingelheim Anim Hlth, St Joseph, Grand Labs Inc, Freeman, Ambico Inc, Dallas Ctr, Iowa, Eli Lilly & Co Fdn, Indianapolis, NOBL Labs Inc, Sioux Ctr, Iowa, Oxford Vet Labs Inc, Worthington, Rural Technol Inc, Brookings, Coll Agr & Biol Sci, Agr expt Stn, S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-LOCUS RP Agin, TS (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, 14TH & DALIHA ST, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45519-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1997 VL 412 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences GA BH98Z UT WOS:A1997BH98Z00017 PM 9192001 ER PT S AU Qiao, YR Asher, L Baze, W AF Qiao, YR Asher, L Baze, W BE Paul, PS Francis, DH Benfield, DA TI Apoptosis of crypt cells and inflammatory reactions in the small intestine of mice challenged with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B SO MECHANISMS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ENTERIC DISEASES SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Rushmore Conference on Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP USDA NRICGP, NAF EPSCoR S Dakota, Bayer, Agr Div, Shawnee Mission, Kansas, Pfizer, Cent Res Div, Lincoln, Solvay Anim Hlth, Mendota Heights, Boehringer Ingelheim Anim Hlth, St Joseph, Grand Labs Inc, Freeman, Ambico Inc, Dallas Ctr, Iowa, Eli Lilly & Co Fdn, Indianapolis, NOBL Labs Inc, Sioux Ctr, Iowa, Oxford Vet Labs Inc, Worthington, Rural Technol Inc, Brookings, Coll Agr & Biol Sci, Agr expt Stn, S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci ID SEB RP Qiao, YR (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DIV PATHOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45519-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1997 VL 412 BP 273 EP 275 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Research & Experimental Medicine; Veterinary Sciences GA BH98Z UT WOS:A1997BH98Z00045 PM 9192029 ER PT J AU Lee, BJ Vecchio, KS Ahzi, S Schoenfeld, S AF Lee, BJ Vecchio, KS Ahzi, S Schoenfeld, S TI Modeling the mechanical behavior of tantalum SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; TEXTURE; TEMPERATURE; STRESS AB A crystal plasticity model is proposed to simulate the large plastic deformation and texture evolution in tantalum over a wide range of strain rates. In the model, a modification of the viscoplastic power law for slip and a Taylor interaction law for polycrystals are employed, which account for the effects of strain hardening, strain-rate hardening, and thermal softening. A series of uniaxial compression tests in tantalum at strain rates ranging from 10(-3) to 10(4) s(-1) were conducted and used to verify the model's simulated stress-strain response. Initial and evolved deformation textures were also measured for comparison with predicted textures from the model. Applications of this crystal plasticity model are made to examine the effect of different initial crystallographic textures in tantalum subjected to uniaxial compression deformation or biaxial tensile deformation. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT APPL MECH & ENGN SCI,MAT SCI GRP,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,CLEMSON,SC 29634. USA,BALLIST RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. RP Lee, BJ (reprint author), FENG CHIA UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,TAICHUNG 40724,TAIWAN. RI Vecchio, Kenneth/F-6300-2011 OI Vecchio, Kenneth/0000-0003-0217-6803 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0087-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WF407 UT WOS:A1997WF40700010 ER PT J AU Rausch, EO Peterson, AF Wiebach, W AF Rausch, EO Peterson, AF Wiebach, W TI A low cost, high performance, electronically scanned MMW antenna SO MICROWAVE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Low cost, high performance, electronically scanned mm-wave (MMW) antennas are needed for commercial as well as military applications. In response to this need, a Ka-band (33 to 37 GHz) MMW Rotman lens was developed that will be integrated with a switch matrix and horn array to form a complete antenna system. This article discusses the Rotman lens only with emphasis on design and performance. The MMW antenna project was initiated by generating various lens configurations, which were input into a mathematical model and optimized. The resulting MMW Rotman lens configuration was fabricated, and the model was validated by measuring the 53-part S-matrix associated with the lens. Maximum sidelobe levels less than or equal to -30 dB were achieved. The measured insertion loss (weighting loss not included) ranged between 0.8 and 2.3 dB. The lens has 32 active antenna element array ports and 17 active beam ports. although the maximum scan angle for the present design is only +/- 22.2 degrees, greater scan angles up to +/- 45 degrees as well as frequencies up to 95 GHz are possible with different lens designs. All components of this MMW antenna can be fabricated with metallized plastic. The present design offers good performance that can be utilized in an operational system. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Rausch, EO (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Peterson, Andrew/0000-0003-2375-9047 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS INC PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA SN 0192-6225 J9 MICROWAVE J JI Microw. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 20 EP + PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V2744 UT WOS:000168672500001 ER PT S AU Soicher, H Gorman, F Tsedilina, EE Weitsman, OV AF Soicher, H Gorman, F Tsedilina, EE Weitsman, OV BE Chakrabarty, DK Gupta, SP TI Spread-F during quiet and disturbed periods at midlatitudes SO MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE: CHANGES AND ELECTRODYNAMICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C2.1 and C2.3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission C on Middle Atmosphere - Changes and Electrodynamics, at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Sci & Technol Dev Cty, Int Biosci Networks, Comm Space Res, 3rd World Acad Sci AB Spread-F has been investigated at a European vertical sounding station in Spain (40.6 degrees N, 0.6 degrees E) using modified ARTIST software. Analysis of color computer ionograms for 1991, year of high solar activity, was performed. Occurrence of spread-F was studied during magnetic storms and during quiet periods with Dst >-30 nT (nano Tesla) and Kp < 3. It is shown that spread-F is observed during disturbed periods as well as during very quiet periods lasting 3-8 days. Most frequently spread-F appears in dawn hours. Special analysis of ionospheric parameters and the spread-F index were made for the great magnetic storm of 24-26 March, 1991. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-00237 Warsaw, Poland. Tel Aviv Univ, RAMOT, IL-61392 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Soicher, H (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043308-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1997 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2199 EP 2202 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00671-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK42B UT WOS:000072091100021 ER PT J AU McDonald, JK Christensen, CR Grisham, JA Tanton, GA Syllaios, AJ AF McDonald, JK Christensen, CR Grisham, JA Tanton, GA Syllaios, AJ TI Magneto-optical rotation spectrum of semiconductors SO MIKROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Fed Eur Chem Soc, Hung Acad Sci, Working Comm Laser Phys Spectro HAS, Minist Cult Educ Hungary, Austrian Soc Anal Chem, Hung Nat Comm Technol Develop, Inst Isotopes HAS, Univ Veszprem, Central Res Inst Chem HAS DE magneto-optical rotation; Faraday-effect; semiconductors; FT-IR ID FARADAY-ROTATION; HGCDTE AB A Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer was used as a broad-band source to obtain magneto-optical rotation (MOR) spectra of semiconductor materials. Carrier concentrations obtained from the MOR data showed good agreement with those obtained From conventional Hall measurements. This technique has been shown to be a powerful tool in the study of impurity and defect levels in semiconductors. RP McDonald, JK (reprint author), USA,MISSILE COMMAND,AMSMI RD WS CM,REDSTONE ARSENAL,AL 35898, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0026-3672 J9 MIKROCHIM ACTA JI Mikrochim. Acta PY 1997 SU 14 BP 475 EP 477 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WW404 UT WOS:A1997WW40400115 ER PT B AU Bezwada, H Cook, WL Brown, MP Opiekun, DD AF Bezwada, H Cook, WL Brown, MP Opiekun, DD GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI An integrated management system for DoD communications networks using military and commercial satellites SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB The need to operate DoD communications networks on both military and commercial satellites requires an integrated management system which can plan, control and monitor the Warfighter's earth and space segment assets. This paper describes a management system architecture suitable for the 21st century, which can be adapted to the Defense Information Infrastructure Control Center (DIICC) hierarchy, The paper provides an overview of the differences between current military and commercial management systems, presents an operational concept for a future integrated system, lists functional requirements, and discusses enterprise and database management issues. Although the paper deals with SHF satellite systems, many of the concepts presented can be extended to UHF (225 MHz to 400 MHz) and EHF (44/20 GHz) satellite systems. The SHF bands include military satellites operating at X-band (8/7 GHz) and commercial satellites operating at C-band (6/4 GHz) and Ku-band (14/11 or 12 GHz). C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Bezwada, H (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 160 EP 166 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900031 ER PT B AU Pinkney, F Hampel, D DiPierro, S Abbe, BS Sheha, M AF Pinkney, F Hampel, D DiPierro, S Abbe, BS Sheha, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI UAV communications payload development SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB The Army Communications Electronics Command (CECOM) Space & Terrestrial Communications Directorate (S&TCD) is conducting a multi-year airborne communications range extension program, primarily in support of the Battlefield Information Transmission System (BITS) initiative. As part of this program the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is currently under contract to CECOM to design and develop a payload as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based communications relay package to operate with the Army's High Capacity Trunk Radios (HCTR's) for test, evaluation and demonstrations. The basic function of this payload is to simultaneously relay full-duplex communication links to and from ground-based HCTR's. The maximum data rate that will be supported across these full-duplex links is 45 Mbps over a range up to 100 miles. Multiple full-duplex communication Links can be supported by this UAV payload at the penalty of reduced communication range and/or reduced data rate throughput for each link. In addition to this full-duplex communications capability, a broadcast communication adjunct (at data rates up to T1) will also be provided. This secondary capability will utilize the identical uplink subsystem as the full-duplex payload but will use an S-band downlink package for broadcast to a small, hand-held, omni-directional antenna based receiver. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Pinkney, F (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900077 ER PT B AU Torrieri, D AF Torrieri, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Future Army mobile multiple-access communications SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is accepted as the basic means of providing mobile multiple-access communications in future Army wireless networks. However direct-sequence CDMA is susceptible to the near-far problem. Although in principle the solution to the near-far problem is power control, this paper shows that fading severely limits what power control can achieve. Frequency-hopping CDMA networks largely avoid the near-far problem by continually changing user carrier frequencies over appropriate hopsets. Other inherent advantages of frequency hopping desirable in the next generation of Army wireless communication networks are described. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 650 EP 654 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900125 ER PT B AU Dzik, TJ McMahon, M AF Dzik, TJ McMahon, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI MIL-STD-188-220A evolution: A model for technical architecture standards development SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB The Army has embarked upon a program for digitizing the battlefield to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The new digitized Army (Force XXI) will be more integrated, automated and mobile. The increased mobility will dictate increased reliance on wireless communications and seamless communications. This is driving the development of the tactical internet and new joint standards for use over Combat Network Radio (CNR) - MIL-STD-188-220A [1]. This paper relates the development of the MlL-STD-188-220A protocol suite, acclaimed as an unprecedented achievement in DoD standards evolution, and related synergistic activities which assured a timely, quality standard, including: the protocol, Joint CNR Working Group, simulation, formal specifications, protocol tester, systems development, testing, and experiment results. C1 USA, CECOM RD&E, Software Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Dzik, TJ (reprint author), USA, CECOM RD&E, Software Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 704 EP 709 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900135 ER PT B AU Marvel, LM Hartwig, GW AF Marvel, LM Hartwig, GW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The performance of image compression algorithms in noisy environments SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB In the effort to digitize the battlefield, one of the most difficult capabilities to provide is the reliable transmission of imagery across the available data links. The most severe obstacles occur at lour echelons, where, most often, the communication link is provided by combat net radios. The low-bandwidth, noisy nature of this physical channel represents the most serious challenge to implementation of the digital battlefield of the future. These channels snake the compression of any imagery a requirement for timely transmission. In this paper, we explore the effects of noise on a variety of image compression techniques, namely fractal, wavelet, DPCM, and the most recent compression standard for still imagery, JPEG version 6. Methods for minimizing the effects of the noisy channel are also considered. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Marvel, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 777 EP 781 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900149 ER PT B AU Ruppe, R Griswald, S Walsh, P Martin, R AF Ruppe, R Griswald, S Walsh, P Martin, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Near term digital radio (NTDR) system SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB The Near Term Digital Radio (NTDR) System(Figure 1) is an Army open architecture networked data radio serving as a backbone for Platoon to Brigade that utilizes commercial modules and a standard bus. The NTDR System Architecture employs a two-tier hierarchical network concept designed to increase capacity and reduce multiple access interference and relay delays. This paper will present an overview of the development of the NTDR System from market surveys conducted by the Communications Electronics Command(CECOM) to a contract being managed by the Tactical Radio Communications Systems Program Manager(PM TRCS). Some testing results from the Future Digital Radio Broad Area Announcement (FDR BAA) will be presented in this discussion as well as the cooperative test approach that included industry, CECOM, and the Electronic Proving Ground(EPG). The theory of operation and the current build description of the NTDR hardware and software will be presented as the system is prepared for the Division XXI exercise(DIV XXI). Test results from the early testing will be discussed and an overview of modeling results of network performance in a tactical environment will be presented. C1 USA, CECOM, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Ruppe, R (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1282 EP 1287 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900243 ER PT B AU Staba, J Binnion, J Craighill, E Hicks, B Seaton, S AF Staba, J Binnion, J Craighill, E Hicks, B Seaton, S GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Trunked land mobile radio in tactical applications SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB In 1993, DARPA and CECOM embarked on a program called Commercial Communications Technology Testbed (C2T2). The goal of C2T2 was to systematically evaluate the applicability of commercial communication systems to tactical users, specifically the dismounted infantry. After a 6 month study phase the first commercial system to be evaluated was chosen. This system was a trunked Land Mobile Radio system. The systematic evaluations quickly evolved into a less systematic field use of a C3 system in an Advanced Warfighting Experiment (AWE). This paper will describe the communication system, effort required, experiences, lessons learned, problems and some of the data provided by the insertion of this radio system into two AWEs: Warrior Focus for the Army Infancy and then Hunter Warrior for the Marine Corps. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Staba, J (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1288 EP 1292 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900244 ER PT B AU Staba, J Vaga, T Dennis, T Sharret, I AF Staba, J Vaga, T Dennis, T Sharret, I GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI CDMA cellular architecture for army tactical communications SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB This paper explores enhancements to the MSE mobile services by adding commercial CDMA cellular terminals (based on the IS-95 standard), base stations and Mobile Telephone Switching Offices (MTSO). Three alternative architectures for distributed cellular control of IS-95 CDMA were compared in terms of cost and MSE network utilization. The three alternatives are: 1) remoted MTSO; 2) hybrid MTSO; and 3) fully distributed MTSO. Network performance for each of these alternatives was modeled using COMNET III. Each architecture approach was also demonstrated in a laboratory environment. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Staba, J (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1303 EP 1307 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900247 ER PT B AU Kovach, KM Siliato, JM Beale, FT AF Kovach, KM Siliato, JM Beale, FT GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Application of the system engineering process in developing joint system architectures SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB The Department of Defense has defined C41 Architectures in terms of Operational, System, and Technical Architectures. The definition, implementation, and successful fielding of systems which are compliant with the architectural framework depends on the successful determination and refinement of first, the operational architecture and,second Architecture. amalgamation of both the technical requirements as determined by the Technical Architecture and the operational requirements as defined in the Operational-Architecture. System an the articulation of the System Architecture is The US Army CECOM RDEC under the auspices of the Combined Arms Command and Control (CAC2) Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) has developed and refined a process by which the operational users can articulate their Operational Architecture in terms which ore useful to the material development community and then ultimately provide feedback to the technical solutions I provided by disciplined system engineering process. The CECOM RDEC has pioneered efforts relating to the use of various modeling tools and laboratory assets to provide analysis of current and emerging tactical communications infrastructures. The analysis provides the users the capability to validate and approve their operational architectures while system developers can use the same information to define the system architectures. The purpose of this paper is to explain the CECOM System Architecture process and how it con be adapted to the Joint Arena. A key to understanding this process is mr explanation of the process by which designers of communications architectures can identify and define the joint operational C41 requirements for military operations. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, RDEC,Modeling Simulat & C3I Architecture Div, Command & Control Syst Integrat Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kovach, KM (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, RDEC,Modeling Simulat & C3I Architecture Div, Command & Control Syst Integrat Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1345 EP 1350 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900255 ER PT B AU Fonzo, AG Bradley, MK Garhart, JS AF Fonzo, AG Bradley, MK Garhart, JS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Use of commercial products for configuration management of military networks SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB There is a need for an automated architecture engineering fool to support advanced communication networking efforts. Agencies, such as the US Army's Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM) and Program Executive Office Command, Control, and Communications Systems (PEO-C3S) have the requirement for a suite of applications to provide detailed diagramming, definition and analysis. Many COTS and GOTS products are available to perform some of the tasks required in analyzing, designing, developing, and implementing a network Many tools which are graphically oriented for use in designing a Network do nor provide the capability of automated analysis. While many other network analysis fools are not graphical or user-friendly, they lack the ability to store relevant "user" data. Some of the information to populate the network architectures exists in inventory databases but the data is not easily accessible and does not contain all the information required. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Command Control & Commun Syst, Program Execut Off, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Fonzo, AG (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Command Control & Commun Syst, Program Execut Off, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1351 EP 1355 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900256 ER PT B AU Procopio, VJ Prettie, CW Barnett, WT AF Procopio, VJ Prettie, CW Barnett, WT GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI On-the-move high-capacity trunk radio field measurements SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB This paper describes field measurements made in support of CECOM's on-the-move High-Capacity Trunk Radio research and development program. The measurements probe channel characteristics and, in a field environment, assess demodulator performance using dynamic adaptive equalization as a mitigation technique for microwave broadband wireless links. The measurements were made over ranges of 1 to 40 mires while stationary or mobile at speeds up to 55 mph in hilly and flat terrain at 7.5 and 4.45 GHz. A data rate of 50 Mbps (25 Mbaud QPSK) was used for the measurements. The measurements are believed to be the first of their kind. Laboratory simulation is described in a companion paper. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Space & Terrestrial Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Procopio, VJ (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Space & Terrestrial Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1487 EP 1491 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900281 ER PT B AU Zbozny, J Menell, R Turczyn, S Lin, CL AF Zbozny, J Menell, R Turczyn, S Lin, CL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Development and application of the 188-220 protocol test tool (PTT) SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB The 188-220 Protocol Test Tool (PTT) was developed by the US Army CECOM Software Engineering Center. It combines software and hardware to monitor, decode, display, and analyze MIL-STD-188-220 traffic on the Combat Net Radio (CNR) network. It operates under the Microsoft Windows NT operating system on a Pentium-class personal computer. This paper describes the functionality, capabilities, development process, and application of the PTT. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Software Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Zbozny, J (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Software Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1492 EP 1496 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900282 ER PT B AU Markowski, MJ Sethi, AS AF Markowski, MJ Sethi, AS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Wireless MAC protocols for real-time battlefield communications SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc DE real-time communication protocols; wireless soft real-time MAC protocols; real-time splitting protocols AB Addressing the problem of timely packet transmission in a wireless soft real-time system such as one would find on the battlefield we present five splitting protocols that take packet deadlines into account. Three are blocked access and two are free access algorithms. Mathematical models of the algorithms are developed and compared with simulations. We show, as expected, that the blocked access algorithms usually offer higher success rates than the free access versions. Of the two best performing blocked access protocols, performance differences are slight on a lightly loaded channel. Under heavy load, however, one is shown to have better performance, and thus would be the best choice for implementation. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Markowski, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1580 EP 1584 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900299 ER PT B AU Torrieri, D Bakhru, K AF Torrieri, D Bakhru, K GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Neural-network superresolution SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB The design options of superresolution using a neural network are discussed. Four specific neural-network architectures using different preprocessors are described, and their performances are compared. The correlation transformer is found to be the preprocessor that provides the best performance and the simplest implementation. The correlation transformer converts N complex inputs derived from a phased-array antenna into N(N + 1)/2 complex outputs that are applied to the neural network. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1594 EP 1598 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900302 ER PT S AU Huang, YL Gooch, W AF Huang, YL Gooch, W BE Chinni, MJ TI Whirl tower containment barrier study SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE impact; whirl tower; protective screen; CTH; RHA AB The impact dynamics of a failed rotor segment of a UH-60 helicopter rotor blade on the containment barrier of a whirl tower test facility was examined, both analytically and numerically. The subsequent analysis provided a recommendation for increasing the barrier's resistance to penetration by any hazardous fragments resulting from the future failure of rotor blades during testing. This paper summarizes the analytical analysis and the confirmatory numerical analysis using the Eulerian code CTH. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Huang, YL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900001 ER PT S AU Parks, JG AF Parks, JG BE Chinni, MJ TI The effect of statistics on ground combat modeling SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Early attempts to mathematically model ground combat provided a deterministic insight into what is in reality a stochastic attrition process. Under certain combat conditions, deterministic model parameters yield a good approximation to the mean value of the corresponding stochastic variable. The converse is also true; stochastic combat models have been "abstracted" to obtain a deterministic model equivalent. In the present paper, statistics are introduced into deterministic models to examine the effect on weapon and countermeasure effectiveness. Combat vehicle parameters are treated as random variables with normal distributions. The effect of quality control on fire power and survivability equipment is analyzed in terms of combat results. The exploitation of statistical effects in defense situations is presented. C1 USA, Tank Automot, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Parks, JG (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900003 ER PT S AU Edge, H Clarke, J AF Edge, H Clarke, J BE Chinni, MJ TI Computation of noncircular and circular missile flow fields with graphical user interface driven ZEUS SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE graphical user interface; computational fluid dynamics; aerodynamics; missiles; projectiles AB This paper describes the implementation of a graphical user interface (GUI) for an existing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, the zonal Euler solver (or ZEUS). Within the environment provided by the GUI, the user generates input fries for running ZEUS, creates and inspects the computational grid executes ZEUS and its auxiliary programs, manages solution files, and executes the flow field visualization program named FAST. The version of ZEUS employed in the GUI is configured to compute the flow fields of axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric missiles. The GUI presents a number of input parameters in an easy-to-use format that allows the user to generate a vast array of projectile and missile geometries. The GUI user is provided feedback to indicate whether the input will direct the ZEUS code to perform as intended using a ZEUS simulation program. Both ZEUS and the ZEUS simulation program provide the user with information in the form of PLOT3D formatted files, which can be visualized by FAST. Most aspects of computing and visualizing a ZEUS CFD solution have been addressed within the GUI. The GUI not only provides an input interface between the user and ZEUS, but also a systematic, coherent method of application and execution of ZEUS, thus making ZEUS a more useful, quicker, and easier CFD tool to use. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Edge, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900006 ER PT S AU Jansen, BJ Hamilton, JA Pooch, UW AF Jansen, BJ Hamilton, JA Pooch, UW BE Chinni, MJ TI Modeling and simulating an Army information support structure SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE network modeling; network simulation; systems integration; Network Manager's Workbench TCL/TK AB The Workbench is a component of a larger objective to build a Network Manager's Toolkit. The larger objective is to develop an integrated set of tools that will support eight network performance areas. The Workbench is the component that integrates this set of tools by providing the means for communication with each other. This paper presents a brief overview and background of the Network Manager's Toolkit and the specific design goals of the Workbench component. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Jansen, BJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900011 ER PT S AU Sowa, AJ Lieske, RF Matts, JA Miller, JL AF Sowa, AJ Lieske, RF Matts, JA Miller, JL BE Chinni, MJ TI Ballistic kernels - Sharable fire control ballistic simulation software SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE ballistics; military software; sharable and/or reusable software; technical fire control AB A ballistic kernel is a computer software configuration item intended for use in technical fire control systems as a set of standard, generic, and layered software modules which, when used together, are capable of performing the required ballistic simulations necessary for a weapon system to accomplish a fire mission. The development of a product line consisting of ballistic kernel applications across weapon platforms has begun with sharability and ultimately reusability as key design goals. The software combines the fire control algorithms in current fielded weapon systems with various database information all in one configuration item. The algorithms and database formats are being standardized through the cooperative effort of five NATO countries. This cooperation should greatly enhance the interchangeability of ammunition between countries in the field. Each kernel will have a defined set of interfaces allowing them to be revised with minimal need for re-certifying the operational software containing it. This paper provides a broad overview of the V.S. ballistic kernel product line effort to date with specific focus on a NATO Artillery Ballistic Kernel (NABK) currently in development which will serve as the parent kernel to U.S. applications. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Firing Tables & Aeroballist Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sowa, AJ (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Firing Tables & Aeroballist Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900014 ER PT S AU Bowman, M Ingber, L AF Bowman, M Ingber, L BE Chinni, MJ TI Canonical momenta of nonlinear combat SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE military; physics; decision support systems; optimization; stochastic ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; NEOCORTICAL INTERACTIONS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MODELS AB The context of nonlinear combat calls for more sophisticated measures of effectiveness. We present a set of tools that can be used as such supplemental indicators, based on stochastic nonlinear multivariate modeling used to benchmark Janus simulation to exercise data from the U.S. Army National Training Center (NTC). As a prototype study, a strong global optimization tool, adaptive simulated annealing (ASA), is used to explicitly Bt Janus data, deriving coefficients of relative measures of effectiveness, and developing a sound intuitive graphical decision aid, canonical momentum indicators (CMI), faithful to the sophisticated algebraic model. We argue that these tools will become increasingly important to aid simulation studies of the importance of maneuver in combat in the 21st century. C1 USA, Mat Command, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RP Bowman, M (reprint author), USA, Mat Command, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900017 ER PT S AU Campbell, L AF Campbell, L BE Chinni, MJ TI An embedded simulation/multimedia training program for the forward area air defense command and control weapons system display SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE education; behavioral science; emulation; interactive simulation; real-time simulation AB The U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery School (USAADASCH) at Fort Bliss, Texas teaches 2800 new enlisted soldiers and 200 junior officers each year on the operation and maintenance of the Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit (SHTU), an expensive, complex, military hardened Command and Control automation device. To accomplish this, they have 12 actual devices networked in a training classroom environment. The cost of the equipment precludes the possibility of providing significant hands-on training time for individual soldiers. At the request of the program manager for Forward Area Air Defense Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence (FAADC3I), and the USAADASCH, we have developed a multimedia training application that includes an embedded Simulation of the SHTU and FAADC3I software. The application, which runs on existing multimedia classroom equipment, monitors student performance as it guides them through an introduction to the equipment and its functionality, into the initialization of the equipment, continuing into operating procedures for the equipment, and culminating in a series of combat missions using the simulated SHTU. C1 US Mil Acad, Off Artificial Intelligence, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Campbell, L (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Off Artificial Intelligence, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900038 ER EF