FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Priest, JW Kwon, JP Moss, DM Roberts, JM Arrowood, MJ Dworkin, MS Juranek, DD Lammie, PJ AF Priest, JW Kwon, JP Moss, DM Roberts, JM Arrowood, MJ Dworkin, MS Juranek, DD Lammie, PJ TI Detection by enzyme immunoassay of serum immunoglobulin G antibodies that recognize specific Cryptosporidium parvum antigens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAST-GUARD CUTTER; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; WATER; PROTEINS; OOCYSTS; HUMANS; 17-KDA; MICE; IGA AB Human infection with Cryptosporidium parvum usually elicits characteristic immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibody responses against two sporozoite surface antigens,vith apparent molecular masses of approximately 27 and 17 kDa. We have determined that these two antigens are actually complex: families of related antigens, We have developed two new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection and quantitation of serum IgG antibodies against both antigens. The assays utilize a recombinant form of the 27-kDa antigen and a partially purified native fraction isolated from sonicated whole oocysts that contains 17-kDa antigen. An immunoblot assay previously developed in our laboratory sen ed as the reference, or "gold standard" seroassay for the assessment of the new ELISAs. Positive responses with the recombinant-27-kDa-antigen ELISA were correlated with the immunoblot results for the 27-kDa antigen, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 92%, respectively. Similarly, positive responses with the partially purified native-17-kDa-antigen ELISA correlated with the immunoblot results for the 17-kDa antigen, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 94%, respectively. For both ELISAs the median IgG antibody levels for serum sets collected during outbreaks of waterborne C. parvum infection were at least 2.5-fold higher than the levels determined for a nonoutbreak set. Using the immunoblot as the "gold standard," the new ELISAs were more specific and, in the case of the 27-kDa-antigen ELISA, more sensitive than the crude oocyst antigen ELISA currently in use. These assays will be useful in future epidemiologic studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Mailstop F13,Bldg 23,Rm 1025,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1392 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 187NG UT WOS:000079792400030 PM 10203492 ER PT J AU McNeil, MM Lasker, BA Lott, TJ Jarvis, WR AF McNeil, MM Lasker, BA Lott, TJ Jarvis, WR TI Postsurgical Candida albicans infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROPOFOL; STRAINS; WOMEN AB From 16 to 30 April 1990, four of 364 (1%) postsurgical patients at one hospital developed Candida albicans fungemia or endophthalmitis. The ease patients' surgeries were clustered on two days. To identify risk factors for C, albicans infections, we conducted a cohort studs comparing these 4 patients with 67 control patients who had surgeries on the same days but did not acquire C. albicans infections. The participation of anesthesiologist 9 (relative risk [RR], undefined; P < 0.001) and receipt of intravenous propofol, an anesthetic agent without preservative, which was administered by an infusion pump (RR, 8.8: P = 0.048) were identified as risk factors for C, albicans infections. The anesthetic had been recently introduced in the hospital. Hand cultures of 8 of 14 (57%) anesthesiologists were positive for Candida species; one yielded C, albicans, Anesthesiologist 9 was the only. one to use stored syringes of propofol in the infusion pump and to reuse propofol syringes. DNA fingerprinting with a digoxigenin-labeled C, albicans repetitive element 2 probe and electrophoretic karyotyping showed two distinct banding patterns among patient isolates. We hypothesize that extrinsic contamination of propofol by anesthesiologist 9 likely resulted in C, albicans infections. These data suggest that strict aseptic techniques must be used when preparing and administering propofol. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Invest & Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1398 EP 1403 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 187NG UT WOS:000079792400032 PM 10203494 ER PT J AU Sumner, JW Childs, JE Paddock, CD AF Sumner, JW Childs, JE Paddock, CD TI Molecular cloning and characterization of the Ehrlichia chaffeensis variable-length PCR target: an antigen-expressing gene that exhibits interstrain variation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WHITE-TAILED DEER; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; RICKETTSIALES; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; AMPLIFICATION; IXODIDAE; STRAINS AB A clone expressing an immunoreactive protein with an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa was selected from an Ehrlichia chaffeensis Arkansas genomic library by probing with anti-E, chaffeensis hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid. Nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding a 198-amino-acid polypeptide. The ORF contained four imperfect, direct, tandem 90-bp repeats. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences did not show close homologies to entries in the molecular databases. PCR with primers whose sequences matched the sequences flanking the ORF was performed with DNA samples extracted from cell cultures infected with nine different isolates of E. chaffeensis, blood samples from seven patients with monocytic ehrlichiosis, and Amblyomma americanum ticks collected in four different states. The resulting amplicons varied in length, containing three to six repeat units. This gene, designated the variable-length PCR target, is useful for PCR detection of E, chaffeensis and differentiation of isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sumner, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 31 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1447 EP 1453 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 187NG UT WOS:000079792400041 PM 10203503 ER PT J AU Kilgore, ML Steindel, SJ Smith, JA AF Kilgore, ML Steindel, SJ Smith, JA TI Cost analysis for decision support: The case of comparing centralized versus distributed methods for blood gas testing SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CARE; GLUCOSE AB Distributed testing, performed in satellite laboratories or at the bedside, is proliferating within healthcare systems. Users prefer it, and it is fast and convenient. A guide look at marginal costs, however, suggests that cost differentials between distributed and centralized testing may be prohibitive. Sound decision making on the part of health system administrators requires a broader understanding of the costs and benefits of testing options. This study illustrates an approach to cost analysis for decision support where opportunity costs (the costs associated with the next best alternative) provide the basis for decision making. Health system administrators need to understand the opportunity costs involved in their decisions to avoid being misled by analyses that omit important cost elements from consideration. We describe approaches to determining the costs of "stat" laboratory testing options. The costs of various blood gas testing options are compared among a central blood gas laboratory, two satellite laboratories, and point-of-care analysis. Opportunity costs were determined by modeling the substitution of one testing process for another. The cost analysis finds that a judicious mix of alternate-site testing methods can generate annual savings of between $250,000 and $330,000, and at the same time reduce test reporting times. In other words, technology that superficially appears more costly can deliver better service with lower costs. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kilgore, ML (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU PHS HHS [563, U50/CCU412262-01] NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 44 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 194QY UT WOS:000080206100010 PM 10537498 ER PT J AU Li, SQ Liu, CG Klimov, A Subbarao, K Perdue, ML Mo, D Ji, YY Woods, L Hietala, S Bryant, M AF Li, SQ Liu, CG Klimov, A Subbarao, K Perdue, ML Mo, D Ji, YY Woods, L Hietala, S Bryant, M TI Recombinant influenza A virus vaccines for the pathogenic human A Hong Kong 97 (H5N1) viruses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Structure and Replication of Negative Strand RNA Viruses CY 1998 CL EVANSTON, ILLINOIS ID A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ; CONJUNCTIVITIS; EMERGENCE; INFECTION; CLEAVAGE; FERRETS; SITE; GENE AB Recombinant reassortment technology was used to prepare H5N1 influenza vaccine strains containing a modified hemagglutinin (HA) gene and neuraminidase gene from the A/Hong Kong/156/97 and A/Hong Kong/483/97 isolates and the internal genes from the attenuated cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 influenza virus strain. The HA cleavage site (HA1/HA2) of each H5N1 isolate was modified to resemble that of "low-pathogenic" avian strains. Five of 6 basic amino acids at the cleavage site were deleted, and a threonine was added upstream of the remaining arginine, The H5 HA cleavage site modification resulted in the expected trypsin-dependent phenotype without altering the antigenic character of the H5 HA molecule. The temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted phenotype of the attenuated parent virus was maintained in the recombinant strains, and they grew to 10(8.5-9.4) EID50/mL in eggs. Both H5N1 vaccine virus strains were safe and immunogenic in ferrets and protected chickens against wild-type H5N1 virus challenge. C1 Aviron, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Davis, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Li, SQ (reprint author), Aviron, 297 N Bernardo Ave, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. NR 29 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1132 EP 1138 DI 10.1086/314713 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 189TQ UT WOS:000079922600011 PM 10191214 ER PT J AU Cama, RI Parashar, UD Taylor, DN Hickey, T Figueroa, D Ortega, YR Romero, S Perez, J Sterling, CR Gentsch, JR Gilman, RH Glass, RI AF Cama, RI Parashar, UD Taylor, DN Hickey, T Figueroa, D Ortega, YR Romero, S Perez, J Sterling, CR Gentsch, JR Gilman, RH Glass, RI TI Enteropathogens and other factors associated with severe disease in children with acute watery diarrhea in Lima, Peru SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 24-28, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HUMAN ROTAVIRUS; FATAL DIARRHEA; DEHYDRATION; BANGLADESH; INFANTS; ASTROVIRUS; PROTECTION; ANTIBODIES AB To evaluate enteropathogens and other factors associated with severe disease in children with diarrhea, 381 children <5 years of age with diarrhea and moderate to severe dehydration (in-patients) and 381 age-, sex-, and date-of-visit-matched children with mild diarrhea (outpatients) presenting to a hospital in Peru, were studied. Rotavirus was detected in 52% of the in-patients and 35% of the out-patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.6-3.2); 95% of the rotaviruses among in-patients were of serotypes G1-G4. The risk of severe diarrhea was particularly great in children who were not exclusively breast-fed in early infancy and who also lacked piped water in their homes (for children with both characteristics OR = 6.8, 95% CI = 3.6-12.8). The high prevalence of rotavirus and its association with severe diarrhea underscores the need for rotavirus vaccines. Interventions to educate mothers and improve access to safe water should augment the impact of rotavirus vaccines in preventing severe diarrhea. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AB Prisma, Naval Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, Peru. Childrens Hlth Inst, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1144 DI 10.1086/314701 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 189TQ UT WOS:000079922600012 PM 10191215 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, I Ung, H Moran, AP Yoo, D Prendergast, MM Nicholson, MA Sheikh, K Ho, T Asbury, AK McKhann, GM Griffin, JW AF Nachamkin, I Ung, H Moran, AP Yoo, D Prendergast, MM Nicholson, MA Sheikh, K Ho, T Asbury, AK McKhann, GM Griffin, JW TI Ganglioside GM1 mimicry in Campylobacter strains from sporadic infections in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; MOTOR AXONAL NEUROPATHY; MILLER-FISHER-SYNDROME; JEJUNI INFECTION; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CHEMICAL STRUCTURES; NORTHERN CHINA; CHOLERA-TOXIN; CORE REGION AB To determine whether GM1-like epitopes in Campylobacter species are specific to O serotypes associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) or whether they are frequent among random Campylobacter isolates causing enteritis, 275 random enteritis-associated isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were analyzed. The isolates were collected in the United States using a cholera toxin-binding assay. Overall, 26.2% of the isolates were positive for the GM1-like epitope. Of the 36 different O serotypes in the sample, 21 (58.3%) contained no strains positive for GM1, whereas in 6 serotypes (16.7%), >50% of isolates were positive for GM1. GBS-associated serotypes were more likely to contain strains positive for GM1 than were non-GBS-associated serotypes (37.8% vs. 15.1%, P = .0116). The results suggest that humans are frequently exposed to strains exhibiting GM1-like mimicry and, while certain serotypes may be more likely to possess GM1-like epitopes, the presence of GM1-like epitopes on Campylobacter strains does not itself trigger GBS. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Microbiol, Galway, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Zanvyl Krieger Mind Brain Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Nachamkin, I (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, 4th Floor Gates Bldg,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Ho, Tony/F-1019-2011 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-31528, NS-34846] NR 59 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1189 DI 10.1086/314725 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 189TQ UT WOS:000079922600018 PM 10191221 ER PT J AU Moore, JM Nahlen, BL Misore, A Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Moore, JM Nahlen, BL Misore, A Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Immunity to placental malaria. I. Elevated production of interferon-gamma by placental blood mononuclear cells is associated with protection in an area with high transmission of malaria SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IFN-GAMMA; PREGNANT-WOMEN; BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFECTION; CYTOKINES; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS; MICE AB In areas in which malaria is holoendemic, primigravidae and secundigravidae, compared with multigravidae, are highly susceptible to placental malaria (PM), The nature of gravidity-dependent immune protection against PM was investigated by measuring in vitro production of cytokines by placental intervillous blood mononuclear cells (IVBMC). The results demonstrated that interferon (IFN)-gamma may be a critical factor in protection against PM: production of this cytokine by PM-negative multigravid IVBMC was elevated compared with PM-negative primigravid and secundigravid and PM-positive multigravid cells. Low IFN-gamma responsiveness to malarial antigen stimulation, most evident in the latter group, was balanced by increased interleukin (IL)-4 production, suggesting that counter-regulation of these two cytokines may be a crucial determinant in susceptibility to PM. A counter-regulatory relationship between IL-IO and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also observed in response to malarial antigen stimulation. These data suggest that elevated production of IFN-gamma, as part of a carefully regulated cytokine network, is important in the control of PM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1218 EP 1225 DI 10.1086/314737 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 189TQ UT WOS:000079922600023 PM 10191226 ER PT J AU Ammon, A Petersen, LR Karch, H AF Ammon, A Petersen, LR Karch, H TI A large outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by an unusual sorbitol-fermenting strain of Escherichia coli O157 : H- SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; SCHEME AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 does not ferment sorbitol, a factor used to differentiate it from other E. coli. From December 1995 to March 1996, 28 children with hemolytic uremic syndrome in Bavaria, Germany, were identified; many had a sorbitol-fermenting (sf) E. coli O157:H- cultured. A case-control study showed a dose-response relationship between sausage consumption and illness. A second case-control study showed a relationship between mortadella and teewurst consumption and illness, particularly during December (mortadella odds ratio [OR], 10.5, P = .004; teewurst OR, 6.2, P = .02), Twelve sf O157:H- were characterized to determine clonality and virulence traits. The strains possessed the Stx(2), eae, and EHEC-hlyA genes but were nonhemolytic on blood agar plates. The O157:H- isolates belonged to phage type 88 and had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. This outbreak was caused by sf E. coli O157:H-, which is not detectable by culture on sorbitol MacConkey's agar. Consumption of two sausages, including a raw beef-containing sausage, was statistically related to illness. C1 Robert Koch Inst, D-10963 Berlin, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Hyg, Wurzburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ammon, A (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Stresemannstr 90-102, D-10963 Berlin, Germany. EM ammona@rki.de NR 15 TC 93 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1274 EP 1277 DI 10.1086/314715 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 189TQ UT WOS:000079922600033 PM 10191236 ER PT J AU Al-Tawfiq, JA Palmer, KL Chen, CY Haley, JC Katz, BP Hood, AF Spinola, SM AF Al-Tawfiq, JA Palmer, KL Chen, CY Haley, JC Katz, BP Hood, AF Spinola, SM TI Experimental infection of human volunteers with Haemophilus ducreyi does not confer protection against subsequent challenge SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 98th Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 17-22, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID DEPENDENT RABBIT MODEL; OUTBREAK; IMMUNITY; CELLS AB Two groups of human volunteers were inoculated with 2 doses of live Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP. The reinfection group consisted of 7 subjects who previously had participated in experimental infection with 35000HP to the pustular stage of disease. The control group consisted of 7 naive subjects. Papules developed at 92.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.1%-99.8%) of sites inoculated with live bacteria, in the reinfection group, and at 85.7% (95% CI, 57.2%-98.2%) of sites in the control group. Sixty-nine percent (95% CI, 36.8%-90.9%) of papules evolved into pustules in the reinfection group, compared with 41% (95% CI, 15.2%-72.3%) in the control group. The recovery rates of H. ducreyi from surface cultures and the histopathology of biopsies obtained from both groups were similar. Thus, experimental infection to the pustular stage of disease does not provide protective immunity against subsequent challenge. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Dermatol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Spinola, SM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Med, Emerson Hall,Room 435,545 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM sspinola@iupui.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1RR00750]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI27863, AI31494] NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1283 EP 1287 DI 10.1086/314732 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 189TQ UT WOS:000079922600035 PM 10191238 ER PT J AU Williams, SB Flanigan, TP Artenstein, AW VanCott, TC Smith, D Mayer, K Koup, RA AF Williams, SB Flanigan, TP Artenstein, AW VanCott, TC Smith, D Mayer, K Koup, RA TI CCR5 genotype and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific mucosal antibody in seronegative women at high risk for HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION; INDIVIDUALS; PROGRESSION; RESISTANCE; TYPE-1; GENE C1 Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Flanigan, TP (reprint author), Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1310 EP 1312 DI 10.1086/314743 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 189TQ UT WOS:000079922600043 PM 10191415 ER PT J AU Costero, A Edman, JD Clark, GG Kittayapong, P Scott, TW AF Costero, A Edman, JD Clark, GG Kittayapong, P Scott, TW TI Survival of starved Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) in Puerto Rico and Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; survival; Puerto rico; Thailand ID BLOOD; FITNESS AB Survival of adult Aedes aegypti (L.) was studied in Thailand (1995) and Puerto Rico (1996) during periods of high and low dengue virus transmission. Resting males and females were collected inside houses by aspiration. Females were separated into different cages by their degree of engorgement and ovarian development. Teneral adults were obtained from pupae collected from natural breeding sites. All mosquitoes were given access to water, held at ambient temperature in the shade, and their survival monitored daily. We calculated median survival for each stage to estimate when mosquitoes had to feed again or die. No differences in survival between seasons were observed in Thailand. In Puerto Rico, except for wild males, survival was longer in the cool/dry season than in the hot/rainy season, indicating that mosquitoes may need to feed more frequently during the high than low dengue transmission season. During both study periods and at both sites, blood-engorged females survived as long or longer than mosquitoes in other gonotrophic or developmental stages. Except in Puerto Rico during the cool season, when females had a relatively high probability of surviving 3-4 d without feeding, females needed to feed approximately every other day to avoid death caused by starvation. Our results indicate that in some regions, there are seasonal differences in the length of time female Ae. aegypti can survive without feeding, females with a blood meal can survive for a longer time than those without blood, and teneral males can live longer without food than teneral females. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CDC, San Juan Labs, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Mahidol Univ, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Scott, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22119] NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 272 EP 276 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 203AZ UT WOS:000080686000011 PM 10337096 ER PT J AU Ernst, PB Gold, BD AF Ernst, PB Gold, BD TI Helicobacter pylori in childhood: New insights into the immunopathogenesis of gastric disease and implications for managing infection in children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID NEGATIVE DUODENAL-ULCER; INTERFERON-GAMMA; T-CELLS; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PEPTIC-ULCER; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SUCROSE PERMEABILITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; FELIS INFECTION C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Immunol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ernst, PB (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Room 2300,UTMB,301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK50669, DK53708, DK51677] NR 117 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 28 IS 5 BP 462 EP 473 DI 10.1097/00005176-199905000-00005 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 192RX UT WOS:000080093800005 PM 10328119 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Nelson, A AF Dietz, WH Nelson, A TI Barriers to the treatment of childhood obesity: A call to action SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; OVERWEIGHT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hlth Partners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 134 IS 5 BP 535 EP 536 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70235-0 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 195HM UT WOS:000080244600005 PM 10228284 ER PT J AU Ballew, C Khan, LK Kaufmann, R Mokdad, A Miller, DT Gunter, EW AF Ballew, C Khan, LK Kaufmann, R Mokdad, A Miller, DT Gunter, EW TI Blood lead concentration and children's anthropometric dimensions in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; TOXICITY; STATURE; HUMANS; BONE; AGE AB Objective: To assess the association between lead exposure and children's physical growth. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Participants: A total of 4391 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American children age 1 to 7 years. Measurements and Results: We investigated the association between blood lead concentration and stature, head circumference, weight, and body mass index with multiple regression analysis adjusting for sex, ethnic group, iron status, dietary intake, medical history, sociodemographic factors, and household characteristics. Blood lead concentration was significantly negatively associated with stature and head circumference. Regression models predicted reductions of 1.57 cm in stature and 0.52 cm in head circumference for each 0.48 mu mol/L (10 mu g/dL) increase in blood lead concentration. We did not find significant associations between blood lead concentration and weight or body mass index. Conclusions: The significant negative associations between blood lead concentration and stature and head circumference among children age 1 through 7 years, similar in magnitude to those reported for the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980, suggest that although mean blood lead concentrations of children have been declining in the United States for 2 decades, lead exposure may continue to affect the growth of some children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ballew, C (reprint author), Mail Stop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 45 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 134 IS 5 BP 623 EP 630 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70250-7 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 195HM UT WOS:000080244600020 PM 10228299 ER PT J AU Coyle, K Basen-Engquist, K Kirby, D Parcel, G Banspach, S Harrist, R Baumler, E Weil, M AF Coyle, K Basen-Engquist, K Kirby, D Parcel, G Banspach, S Harrist, R Baumler, E Weil, M TI Short-term impact of safer choices: A multicomponent, school-based HIV, other STD, and pregnancy prevention program SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL BEHAVIORS; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVENTION; HEALTH; INFECTION; RISK AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of their first year of Safer Choices, a theoretically based multicomponent HN, STD, and pregnancy prevention program for high school youth. The study featured a randomized trial involving 20 schools in California and Texas, with a cohort of 3,869 ninth-grade students. Students who completed both the baseline and the first follow-up survey approximately seven months later were included in the analysis (n = 3,677). Safer Choices enhanced 9 of 13 psychosocial variables including knowledge, self efficacy for condom use, normative beliefs and attitudes regarding condom use, perceived barriers to condom use, risk perceptions, and parent-child communication. Safer Choices also reduced selected risk behaviors. Specifically Safer Choices reduced the frequency of intercourse without a condom in the three months prior to the survey, increased use of condoms at last intercourse, and increased use of selected contraceptives at last intercourse. C1 ETR Associates, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coyle, K (reprint author), ETR Associates, POB 1830, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 USA. NR 22 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAY PY 1999 VL 69 IS 5 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 202KP UT WOS:000080651700003 PM 10363221 ER PT J AU Cleveland, JL Gooch, BF Shearer, BG Lyerla, RL AF Cleveland, JL Gooch, BF Shearer, BG Lyerla, RL TI Risk and prevention of hepatitis C virus infection implications for dentistry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; CHRONIC VIRAL-HEPATITIS; B VIRUS; OCCUPATIONAL RISK; NATURAL-HISTORY; BLOOD EXPOSURE; ORAL SURGEONS; PERSONNEL; INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B AB Background. The occupational risk of hepatitis C virus, or HCV, infection in dentistry is very low. Nonetheless, the lack of an effective vaccine, the high rates of chronic infection and the limited effectiveness of treatment may cause concern for dental workers who come into contact with blood in : their daily practices. Description of the Disorder. The authors discuss the natural history, diagnosis and treatment, and patterns of transmission of HCV infection, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommendations for management and follow-up of health care workers after occupational exposure to HCV. Clinical Implications, In the absence of an effective vaccine or postexposure prophylaxis, prevention of occupational transmission of HCV in dental settings continues to rely on the use of universal precautions, including barrier precautions and the safe handling of sharp instruments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Dent Assoc, Council Sci Affairs, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lyerla, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Mailstop F-10,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 130 IS 5 BP 641 EP 647 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 194PX UT WOS:000080203700013 PM 10332128 ER PT J AU White, MD Kolar, LM Steindel, SJ AF White, MD Kolar, LM Steindel, SJ TI Evaluation of vocabularies for electronic laboratory reporting to public health agencies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Clinical laboratories and clinicians transmit certain laboratory test results to public health agencies as required by state or local law. Most of these surveillance data are currently received by conventional mail or facsimile transmission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, and Association of Public Health Laboratories are preparing to implement surveillance systems that will use existing laboratory information systems to transmit electronic laboratory results to appropriate public health agencies. The authors anticipate that this will improve the reporting efficiency for these laboratories, reduce manual data entry, and greatly increase the timeliness and utility of the data. The vocabulary and messaging standards used should encourage participation in these new electronic reporting systems by minimizing the cost and inconvenience to laboratories while providing for accurate and complete communication of needed data. This article describes public health data requirements and the influence of vocabulary and messaging standards on implementation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS G-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 194EW UT WOS:000080180000001 PM 10332652 ER PT J AU Dilley, A Crudder, S AF Dilley, A Crudder, S TI von Willebrand disease in women: The need for recognition and understanding SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VONWILLEBRANDS-DISEASE; BLEEDING DISORDERS; MENORRHAGIA; PREVALENCE; SPRAY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crudder, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Hematol Dis Branch, Mailstop E-64,1600 Clifton RD NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 8 IS 4 BP 443 EP 445 DI 10.1089/jwh.1.1999.8.443 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 230ZN UT WOS:000082281700011 PM 10839695 ER PT J AU Wilson, RS Bennett, DA Beckett, LA Morris, MC Gilley, DW Bienias, JL Scherr, PA Evans, DA AF Wilson, RS Bennett, DA Beckett, LA Morris, MC Gilley, DW Bienias, JL Scherr, PA Evans, DA TI Cognitive activity in older persons from a geographically defined population SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PROSE RECALL; INTELLIGENCE; PERFORMANCE; COMMUNITY; ADULTS; AGE AB Patterns of cognitive activity, and their relation to cognitive function, were examined ill a geographically defined biracial population of persons aged 65 years and older. Persons (N = 6,162) were given cognitive performance tests and interviewed about their participation in common cognitive activities, like reading a newspaper. Overall, more frequent participation in cognitive activities was associated with younger age, more education, higher family income, female gender, and White race; participation in activities judged to be more cognitively intense was not strongly related to age, bat was associated with more education, higher family income, male gender, and White race. Substantial heterogeneity in activity patterns remained after accounting for demographic factors, however. In an analysis controlling for demographic variables, level of cognitive function on performance tests was positively related to composite measures of the frequency and intensity of cognitive activity. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the relation of cognitive activity patterns to stability and change ill cognitive function in older persons. C1 Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilson, RS (reprint author), Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson Blvd,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG101G1, AG11101] NR 27 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 10 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5014 J9 J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. B-Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 54 IS 3 BP P155 EP P160 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA 200ZN UT WOS:000080570300003 PM 10363036 ER PT J AU Wiktor, SZ Sassan-Morokro, M Grant, AD Abouya, L Karon, JM Maurice, C Djomand, G Ackah, A Domoua, K Kadio, A Yapi, A Combe, P Tossou, O Roels, TH Lackritz, EM Coulibaly, D De Cock, KM Coulibaly, IM Greenberg, AE AF Wiktor, SZ Sassan-Morokro, M Grant, AD Abouya, L Karon, JM Maurice, C Djomand, G Ackah, A Domoua, K Kadio, A Yapi, A Combe, P Tossou, O Roels, TH Lackritz, EM Coulibaly, D De Cock, KM Coulibaly, IM Greenberg, AE TI Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; IVORY-COAST; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; AFRICAN PATIENTS; WEST-AFRICA; ADULTS; KENYA; CHEMOTHERAPY AB Background There is a high incidence of opportunistic infection among HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Africa and, consequently, high mortality. We assessed the safety and efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 800 mg/160 mg (co-trimoxazole) prophylaxis in prevention of such infections and in decrease of morbidity and mortality. Methods Between October, 1995, and April, 1998, we enrolled 771 HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 and HIV-2 dually seroreactive patients who had sputum-smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (median age 32 years [range 18-64], median CD4-cell count 317 cells/mu L) attending Abidjan's four largest outpatient tuberculosis treatment centres. Patients were randomly assigned one daily tablet of co-trimoxazole (n=386) or placebo (n=385) 1 month after the start of a standard 6-month tuberculosis regimen. We assessed adherence to study drug and tolerance monthly for 5 months and every 3 months thereafter, as well as rates of admission to hospital. Findings Rates of laboratory and clinical adverse events were similar in the two groups. 51 patients in the co-trimoxazole group (13.8/100 person-years) and 86 in the placebo group (25.4/100 person-years) died (decrease In risk 46% [95% CI 23-62], p<0.001). 29 patients on co-trimoxazole (8.2/100 person-years) and 47 on placebo (15.0/100 person-years) were admitted to hospital at least once after randomisation (decrease 43% [10-64]), p=0.02). There were significantly fewer admissions for septicaemia and enteritis in the co-trimoxazole group than in the placebo group. Interpretation In HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis, daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis was well tolerated and significantly decreased mortality and hospital admission rates. Our findings may have important implications for improvement of clinical care for such patients in Africa. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Ctr Diagnost & Rech SIDA, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CHU Treichville, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Minist Sante Publ, Programme Natl Lutte Contre SIDA, Malad Sexuellement Transmissibles & TB, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Wiktor, SZ (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 33 TC 326 Z9 330 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 353 IS 9163 BP 1469 EP 1475 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03465-0 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 195XV UT WOS:000080278200009 PM 10232312 ER PT J AU Durvasula, RV Gumbs, A Panackal, A Kruglov, O Taneja, J Kang, AS Cordon-Rosales, C Richards, FF Whitham, RG Beard, CB AF Durvasula, RV Gumbs, A Panackal, A Kruglov, O Taneja, J Kang, AS Cordon-Rosales, C Richards, FF Whitham, RG Beard, CB TI Expression of a functional antibody fragment in the gut of Rhodnius prolixus via transgenic bacterial symbiont Rhodococcus rhodnii SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhodnius prolixus; Rhodococcus rhodnii; Trypanosoma cruzi; antibody; cecropin; genetic transformation; gut; paratransgenic insect; recombinant antibody fragment; shuttle plasmid; symbiont; transgenic bacteria; vector competence; vector control ID ARTHROPOD VECTOR COMPETENCE; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; INSECT; DISEASE; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNITY AB Expression within insects of foreign antiparasitic gene products via microbial symbionts could be used to prevent transmission of vector-borne pathogens to vertebrate hosts. Genetically transformed symbiotic bacteria Rhodococcus rhodnii expressed functional antibody fragments (rDB3 encoding murine V-H/K which binds progesterone) that were exported into the gut lumen of the triatomine bug Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a vector of Chagas disease, Transgenic symbionts were maintained in successive nymphal instars and adults of Rhodnius prolixus despite competition with native untransformed Rhodococcus rhodnii. This is the first description of a functional mammalian antibody fragment expressed in an insect. Our system is a model for constructing paratransgenic insects (insects carrying transformed symbionts) with compromised ability to transmit pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, CDC, MERTUG, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Panackal, Anil/0000-0001-5524-668X NR 28 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1999.00175.x PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 235HP UT WOS:000082536500001 PM 10484156 ER PT J AU Lott, TJ Holloway, BP Logan, DA Fundyga, R Arnold, J AF Lott, TJ Holloway, BP Logan, DA Fundyga, R Arnold, J TI Towards understanding the evolution of the human commensal yeast Candida albicans SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE Candida albicans; genetics; phylogeny; microsatellite; VNTR ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; VIRUS-POSITIVE PATIENTS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ORAL CANDIDIASIS; STRAINS; POPULATIONS AB Allelic frequencies and relationships for one dimorphic locus and three unlinked polymorphic loci have been determined for 114 unrelated isolates of Candida albicans, including 14 laboratory reference strains and 50 strains from each of two geographic regions. Although there was no indication of geographical partitioning, there were significant correlations for specific allelic pairs among loci and little evidence that any alleles were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This gives additional support for the concept that the primary mode of genetic inheritance in this species is clonal, with other intracellular genetic events playing a lesser role in the creation of genomic diversity. Through inference of this and other known attributes of closely related Candida species, such as sequence analysis of IS1 and the ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) region of the rDNA cistron, the deduced phylogeny suggests an evolutionarily recent origin for many frequently isolated strains. This finding will be of interest in the context of understanding pathogenicity and drug resistance in this human commensal yeast. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lott, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 5B-12 G-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07373] NR 42 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAY PY 1999 VL 145 BP 1137 EP 1143 PN 5 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 197HZ UT WOS:000080360500018 PM 10376829 ER PT J AU Robinson, HL Montefiori, DC Johnson, RP Manson, KH Kalish, ML Lifson, JD Rizvi, TA Lu, S Hu, SL Mazzara, GP Panicali, DL Herndon, JG Glickman, R Candido, MA Lydy, SL Wyand, MS McClure, HM AF Robinson, HL Montefiori, DC Johnson, RP Manson, KH Kalish, ML Lifson, JD Rizvi, TA Lu, S Hu, SL Mazzara, GP Panicali, DL Herndon, JG Glickman, R Candido, MA Lydy, SL Wyand, MS McClure, HM TI Neutralizing antibody-independent containment of immunodeficiency virus challenges by DNA priming and recombinant pox virus booster immunizations SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; VACCINIA VIRUS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; ATTENUATED SIV; FOWLPOX VIRUS; HIV VACCINE; TYPE-1 ENV; INFECTION; CELLS; GENE AB Eight different protocols were compared for their ability to raise protection against immunodeficiency virus challenges in rhesus macaques. The most promising containment of challenge infections was achieved by intradermal DNA priming followed by recombinant fowl pox virus booster immunizations. This containment did not require neutralizing antibody and was active for a series of challenges ending with a highly virulent virus with a primary isolate envelope heterologous to the immunizing strain. C1 Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, AIDS Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. GTC Mason Labs, Worcester, MA 01608 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Bastrop, TX 78802 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Washington, Reg Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Therion Biol, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Robinson, HL (reprint author), Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI Hu, Shiu-Lok/A-3196-2008 OI Hu, Shiu-Lok/0000-0003-4336-7964 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-40334, R01-AI-34241, P01-AI-43045] NR 49 TC 335 Z9 337 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 526 EP 534 DI 10.1038/8406 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 217KA UT WOS:000081497400033 PM 10229229 ER PT J AU Jallo, GI Koslow, M Hanna, BA Carson, LA AF Jallo, GI Koslow, M Hanna, BA Carson, LA TI Propionibacterium as a cause of postneurosurgical infection in patients with dural allografts: Report of three cases SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE craniotomy; dural graft; infection; osteomyelitis; Propionibacterium ID ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; SUBDURAL EMPYEMA; ACNES; EXPERIENCE; PENICILLIN AB OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Although Propionibacterium acnes is a common inhabitant of human skin, it is an uncommon pathogen in postoperative infections, We report three cases of postoperative wound infection/osteomyelitis caused by P. acnes. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Three patients underwent craniotomy for a supratentorial meningioma and had a dural allograft at the time of closure. The patients presented several weeks after surgery with clinical evidence of a wound infection. INTERVENTION: All patients were diagnosed with P. acnes infection and treated for this pathogen with appropriate antibiotics. The bone flap was removed in two patients. After antibiotic therapy, all patients demonstrated no further evidence of infection, CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first published report of P. acnes infection in patients with a dural substitute, The source of infection cannot be confidently ascertained; however, two patients had strains of P. acnes from one brand of graft, which were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis typing. C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Neurol & Neurosurg, Dept Pediat Neurosurg, New York, NY 10128 USA. NYU, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Div Microbiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jallo, GI (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Neurol & Neurosurg, Dept Pediat Neurosurg, 170 E End Ave, New York, NY 10128 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD MAY PY 1999 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1138 EP 1141 DI 10.1097/00006123-199905000-00122 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 189KN UT WOS:000079903800115 PM 10232551 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Palu, S AF Steenland, K Palu, S TI Cohort mortality study of 57 000 painters and other union members: a 15 year update SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; bladder cancer; painters ID SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CANCER; RISK; MEN; INSTITUTE AB Objectives-To study mortality patterns in the largest existing cohort of painters. Methods-15 years of follow up were added to a study of 42 170 painters and 14 316 non-painters based on union records. There were 23 458 deaths, compared with 5313 in the earlier follow up. Results-Comparisons with the United States population showed significantly increased rates in painters for lung cancer (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.17 to 1.29), bladder cancer (SMR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.43), Liver cancer (SMR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.50), and stomach cancer (SMR 1.39, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.59). However, in direct comparisons with non-painters only the excesses for lung cancer (SRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.35, increasing to 1.32, 95% CI 16 to 1.93 with 20 years latency) and bladder cancer (SRR 1.77, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.77) were confirmed. Some confounding by smoking may affect these two outcomes, particularly with external referents. Cirrhosis of the liver was increased for both painters and non-painters (SMRs 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.35, and 1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51, respectively), possibly indicating high alcohol consumption. Suicide (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.38) and homicide (SMR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.75) were increased for painters but not for non-painters; neuropsychiatric diseases have been associated with painters in earlier studies. Conclusions-The results suggest modest occupational risks for lung and bladder cancer; these results are consistent with existing publications. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified painting as an occupation definitely associated with cancer. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45208 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45208 USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 56 IS 5 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 189KY UT WOS:000079904700005 PM 10472305 ER PT J AU De, BK Sampson, JS Ades, EW Johnson, SE Stinson, AR Crook, J Tharpe, JA Huebner, RC Carlone, GM AF De, BK Sampson, JS Ades, EW Johnson, SE Stinson, AR Crook, J Tharpe, JA Huebner, RC Carlone, GM TI Baculovirus expression, purification and evaluation of recombinant pneumococcal surface adhesin A of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE recombinant pneumococcal surface adhesin A baculovirus; Staphylococcus pneumoniae ID INSECT CELLS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; CONJUGATE VACCINES; PROTEIN PSAA; A PSAA; IMMUNIZATION; SYSTEM; MICE; PSPA; PROTECTION AB Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), with a molecular mass of similar to 37 kD by SDS-PAGE, is a common surface protein expressed by all 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae serotype 6B genomic DNA was amplified to generate a DNA fragment carrying the full-length psaA sequence and was cloned into a baculovirus expression system. We expressed either cell-associated or cell-free nonfusion PsaA polypeptides using two insect cell lines, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Trichoplusia ni 5B1-4 (High-Five). Recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) polypeptides were partially purified by partitioning in PBS/Triton X-114 buffers and by weakly basic ion exchange filter chromatography. Membrane-bound 'hydrophobic rPsaA' (hrPsaA) expressed by either Sf9 or High-Five cells had a molecular mass of similar to 38 kD by SDS-PAGE and partitioned in a Triton X-114 phase, it reacted with both rabbit polyclonal and five monoclonal anti-PsaA antibodies by dot blot or Western blot analysis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pasteur Merieux Connaught Labs Inc, Swiftwater, PA USA. RP De, BK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS G05,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 67 IS 3 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1159/000028060 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA 214QF UT WOS:000081338100001 PM 10394131 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Belay, ED Clarke, MJ Kaufman, SF Schonberger, LB AF Holman, RC Belay, ED Clarke, MJ Kaufman, SF Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki syndrome among American Indian and Alaska Native children, 1980 through 1995 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE American Indians Alaska Natives; Kawasaki syndrome; hospitalizations; epidemiology ID DISEASE; OUTBREAK; CARE AB Background. Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is a leading cause of acquired heart disease among US children, but the epidemiologic features of RS among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children have not been described. Methods. We examined Indian Health Service computerized records of hospital discharges for AI/AN children <18 years of age with KS during 1980 through 1995. Results. During 1980 through 1995, 85 AI/AN children were reported with a hospitalization for KS; 10 of the children had an additional KS hospitalization record within 5 months. The average annual KS hospitalization rate for children <5 years of age, based on first KS hospitalization only, was 4.3 cases per 100 000 children; the rate for children age <1 year (n = 21) was 8.6 per 100 000 and for children ages 1 to 4 years was 3.6 per 100 000. The annual rates for children < 5 years of age ranged from 0 to 8.5 per 100 000 children. KS hospitalizations for children peaked in January and February; 50.6% of the children were hospitalized during January through April. The overall median length of hospital stay was 4 days (range, 1 to 29 days); the median duration decreased from 8 days from 1980 through 1982 to 4 days from 1993 through 1995. Conclusions. The overall annual hospitalization rate of KS among AI/AN children <5 years of age was slightly lower than rates for several majority white populations in the United States. (4.6 to 15.2 cases per 100 000) and much lower than rates for blacks and Asians/Pacific Islanders. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1097/00006454-199905000-00010 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 196TG UT WOS:000080323200009 PM 10353519 ER PT J AU Byers, T Bales, V Ford, E Massoudi, B Mokdad, A Myers, G Pruden, J Smith, SJ Will, J Bolduc, B Doctor, LJ Economos, C Garces, C Katz, D Lowney, K Madison, M Palombo, R Stoddard, A Coe, K Fleming, K Smith, J Simpson, L Marshall, J Staten, L Lockwood, K Andersen, P Hilgenberg, D Holliday, J Rosamond, W Ammerman, A AF Byers, T Bales, V Ford, E Massoudi, B Mokdad, A Myers, G Pruden, J Smith, SJ Will, J Bolduc, B Doctor, LJ Economos, C Garces, C Katz, D Lowney, K Madison, M Palombo, R Stoddard, A Coe, K Fleming, K Smith, J Simpson, L Marshall, J Staten, L Lockwood, K Andersen, P Hilgenberg, D Holliday, J Rosamond, W Ammerman, A CA WISEWOMAN Workgroup TI Cardiovascular disease prevention for women attending breast and cervical cancer screening programs: The WISEWOMAN projects SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; cerebrovascular disease; prevention; women; screening ID HEALTH-INSURANCE; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL; EDUCATION; SERVICES; CARE; RISK AB Background. The WISEWOMAN projects are examining the feasibility and effectiveness of adding a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention component to a nationwide program of early detection for breast and cervical cancer aimed at financially disadvantaged women. This paper describes the rationale and design of the WISEWOMAN projects, the baseline findings of the screenings, and the plans for evaluation. Methods. In selected breast and cervical cancer screening sites throughout Massachusetts, Arizona, and North Carolina, blood pressure, body weight, cholesterol, smoking, diet, and physical activity were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. To evaluate the effectiveness of CVD prevention, these sites were assigned to either a minimum or an enhanced intervention group. The enhanced interventions, tailored to the populations served, featured skill building and facilitating activities to improve nutrition and increase physical activity. Results. Baseline screenings of 4,842 women revealed a high prevalence of CVD risk factors. High cholesterol was found among 40% of the women in North Carolina and Massachusetts, hypertension was found among 63% of the women in North Carolina, and overweight was found among 83% of the women in Arizona. Conclusions. It is appropriate to expand breast and cervical cancer screening programs to include screening for CVD. (C) 1999 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Will, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jxw6@cdc.gov RI Coe, Mary Kasthryn/F-3636-2014 OI Coe, Mary Kasthryn/0000-0003-1284-3841 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 28 IS 5 BP 496 EP 502 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 195JM UT WOS:000080247100009 ER PT J AU Mohle-Boetani, JC Matkin, C Pallansch, M Helfand, R Fenstersheib, M Blanding, JA Solomon, SL AF Mohle-Boetani, JC Matkin, C Pallansch, M Helfand, R Fenstersheib, M Blanding, JA Solomon, SL TI Viral meningitis in child care center staff and parents: An outbreak of echovirus 30 infections SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy CY OCT 17-20, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEPATITIS; DISEASES AB Objective. A report of five cases or viral meningitis among adults with children enrolled in a child care center prompted an investigation of risk factors for viral transmission from children to adult household members. Methods. To determine recent echovirus 30 (E30) infections, the authors conducted a serologic survey. To determine risk factors for infection among adult household members, they conducted a retrospective cohort study using written questionnaires, Results. Recent E30 infections were found in 84% of children tested, 57% of adult household members tested, and 47% of staff members tested. Infected adults were more likely than infected children to have clinical meningitis. Among adult household members, changing diapers was a risk factor for recent infection. Women who changed greater than or equal to 90 diapers per month had a higher infection rate than women who changed fewer diapers; in contrast, men who changed greater than or equal to 90 diapers per month had a lower infection rate than men who changed fewer diapers. Handwashing was protective: there was a negative correlation between handwashing after diaper changes and E30 infection among adults with infected children in diapers. Conclusions. Because child care centers can be a source of enteroviral infections among adult household members, adults with viral meningitis should be questioned about their children's day care or preschool attendance. The importance of handwashing should be stressed to adults with children in day care. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, DCDC, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Santa Clara Cty Publ Hlth Dept, San Jose, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CDC, Resp & Enteroviruses Branch, Enterovirus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Special Studies Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mohle-Boetani, JC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, DCDC, 2151 Berkeley Way,Rm 708, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 114 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1093/phr/114.3.249 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200PZ UT WOS:000080550200020 PM 10476994 ER PT J AU Moore, M McCray, E Onorato, IM AF Moore, M McCray, E Onorato, IM TI Cross-matching TB and AIDS registries: TB patients with HIV co-infection, United States, 1993-1994 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; NEW-YORK-CITY; SAN-FRANCISCO; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRENDS; VIRUS AB Objectives. Because of limited reporting of HIV status in case reports to the national tuberculosis (TB) surveillance system, the authors conducted this study to estimate the proportion of US TB cases with HIV co-infection and to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of co-infected patients. Methods. The 50 states, New York City, and Puerto Rico submitted the results of cross-matches of TB regis tries and HIV-AIDS registries, The authors determined the number of TB cases reported for 1993-1994 that were listed in HIV-AIDS regis-tries and analyzed data on demographic and clinical characteristics by match status. Results, Of 49,938 TB cases reported for 1993-1994, 6863 (14%) were listed in AIDS or HIV registries. The proportions of TB-AIDS cases among TB cases varied by reporting area, from 0% to 31%. Anti-TB drug resistance was higher among TB-AIDS cases, particularly resistance to isoniazid and rifampin (multidrug resistance) and rifampin alone, in some areas with low proportions of multidrug-resistant TB cases, however, the difference in multidrug resistance between TB-AIDS patients and non-AiDS TB patients was not found. Conclusions. The proportion of TB cases with HIV co-infection, particularly in some areas, underscores the importance of the HIV-AIDS epidemic for the epidemiology or TB. Efforts to improve HIV testing as well as reporting of HIV status for TB patients should continue to ensure optimum management of coinfected patients, enhance surveillance activities, and promote judicious resource allocation and targeted prevention and control activities. C1 CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,Surveillance Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,Surveillance Sect, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 114 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1093/phr/114.3.269 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200PZ UT WOS:000080550200023 PM 10476997 ER PT J AU Lemasters, GK Olsen, DM Yiin, JH Lockey, JE Shukla, R Selevan, SG Schrader, SM Toth, GP Evenson, DP Huszar, GB AF Lemasters, GK Olsen, DM Yiin, JH Lockey, JE Shukla, R Selevan, SG Schrader, SM Toth, GP Evenson, DP Huszar, GB TI Male reproductive effects of solvent and fuel exposure during aircraft maintenance SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mixtures; fuels; solvents; male reproduction; sperm; painters; aircraft maintenance; breath analysis ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL ETHERS; SEMEN QUALITY; SEX-RATIO; SPERM MOTILITY; LUNG-CANCER; MULTIPLE COMPARISONS; DECREASING QUALITY; UNEXPOSED WORKERS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY AB Few studies have addressed the effects of mixed, low-level exposures to complex mixtures on a man's reproductive potential. In this prospective study, each subject was evaluated before first exposure and at 15 and 30 weeks after exposures had begun. A total of 50 men working on aircraft maintenance at an Air Force installation were included in the study. In addition, eight unexposed men were concurrently sampled. Industrial hygiene (IH) sampling and expired breath samples were collected for jet fuel as measured by total napthas, benzene-a component of jet fuel, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methyl ethyl ketone, xylenes, toluene, and methylene chloride. Sperm production, structure, and function (sperm concentration, sperm motion, viability, morphology, morphometrics, and stability of sperm chromatin) were evaluated, Exposures were low. All mean IH measures were below 6 ppm, which is less than 10% of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard for all chemicals except benzene. Sheet metal workers had the highest mean breath levels for both total solvents (24 ppb) and fuels (28.3 ppb), For most sperm measures, mean values remained in the normal range throughout the 30 weeks of exposure, When jobs were analyzed by exposure groups, some adverse changes were observed. The paint shop group had a significant decline in motility of 19.5 % at 30 weeks. Internal dose measures, however, did not show a significant association with spermatogenic changes, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Kettering Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ S Dakota, Brookings, SD USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Olsen, DM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Kettering Labs, Room G-8,POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06096, R01ES06597] NR 88 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(99)00012-X PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 202BK UT WOS:000080632100001 PM 10378465 ER PT J AU Aral, SO AF Aral, SO TI Sexual network patterns as determinants of STD rates: Paradigm shift in the behavioral epidemiology of STDs made visible SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSMISSION; SPREAD; HIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), CDC, Div STD HIV Prev, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 26 IS 5 BP 262 EP 264 DI 10.1097/00007435-199905000-00004 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 193JK UT WOS:000080132000003 PM 10333278 ER PT J AU Niccolai, LM Dorst, D Myers, L Kissinger, PJ AF Niccolai, LM Dorst, D Myers, L Kissinger, PJ TI Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners: Predictors and temporal patterns SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SELF-DISCLOSURE; INFECTION; INTERVENTION; EXPERIENCES; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN; MEN AB Background and Objectives: Failure to disclose human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to sexual partners interferes with risk reduction, Goal of this Study: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with disclosure and failure to disclose HIV infection to sexual partners and to describe condom use with nondisclosure, Study Design: A longitudinal survey study of HIV seropositive persons recruited at a public STD clinic. Results: Approximately 76% of the study population (n = 147) reported disclosing their HIV status to their last sex partner at baseline. Predictors of disclosure included consistent condom use and being in a monogamous relationship, Twenty-two percent of those who disclosed at baseline reported nondisclosure during follow-up, Approximately 23% reported not using a condom with a person to whom their status was not disclosed. Conclusions: These results suggest that ongoing partner notification may be necessary to increase disclosure of HIV status to sex partners over time. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, HIV Outpatient Program, Div Res, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Niccolai, LM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, HIV Outpatient Program, Div Res, 136 S Roman St,3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 26 IS 5 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1097/00007435-199905000-00008 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 193JK UT WOS:000080132000007 PM 10333282 ER PT J AU Padhye, AA Dunkel, JD Winn, RM Weber, S Ewing, EP de Hoog, GS AF Padhye, AA Dunkel, JD Winn, RM Weber, S Ewing, EP de Hoog, GS TI Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by an undescribed Cladophialophora species SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cladophialophora; phaeohyphomycosis; medical mycology ID CLADOSPORIUM-DEVRIESII; XYLOHYPHA-EMMONSII; SP-NOV AB A Cladophialophora sp. morphologically resembling C. devriesii but with closer molecular affinity to C. arxii was repeatedly isolated from a subcutaneous ulcer on a 68-year-old female treated with long-term immunosuppressive therapy. An extended comparison with described species of Cladophialophora did not yield a definitive identification. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Huntsville Hosp, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. State Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Clin Labs, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Media & Training Serv, Public Hlth Practice Program Oiff, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3740 AG Baarn, Netherlands. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI BAARN PA PO BOX 273, 3740 AG BAARN, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PD MAY PY 1999 IS 43 BP 172 EP 175 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 214NX UT WOS:000081335000019 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM AF Schantz, PM TI Intestinal parasites of dogs in Western Australia: Progress in control and new concerns SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU BAILLIERE TINDALL PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 157 IS 3 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1053/tvjl.1999.0372 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 196VJ UT WOS:000080328300004 PM 10328835 ER PT J AU Letchworth, GJ Rodriguez, LL Barrera, JDC AF Letchworth, GJ Rodriguez, LL Barrera, JDC TI Vesicular stomatitis SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE vesicular stomatitis virus; VSV; animal; human; review ID LUTZOMYIA-SHANNONI DIPTERA; VIRUS NEW-JERSEY; CASEIN KINASE-II; DEFECTIVE INTERFERING PARTICLES; PSEUDOTYPED RETROVIRAL VECTORS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MEMBRANE-FUSION ACTIVITY; PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; WHITE-TAILED DEER AB Vesicular stomatitis is a disease of livestock caused by some members of the Vesiculovirus genus (Family Rhabdoviridae), two of which are called 'vesicular stomatitis virus'. Clinical disease presents as severe vesiculation and/or ulceration of the tongue, oral tissues, feet, and teats, and results in substantial loss of productivity. Except for its appearance in horses, it is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease. Unlike foot-and-mouth disease, it is very infectious for man and can cause a temporarily debilitating disease. Vesicular stomatitis occurs seasonally every year in the southeastern USA, southern Mexico, throughout Central America and in northern South America, and emerges from tropical areas to cause sporadic epidemics in cooler climates during the summer months. Other Vesiculoviruses are endemic in India and Africa. Vesiculoviruses are arthropod-borne and it is possible they are actually well adapted insect viruses that incidentally infect mammals. Vesiculoviruses are relatively simple, having a linear, single stranded, negative sense RNA genome encased in a bullet-shaped virion made from only five proteins. Upon infection of cultured cells, viral products turn off cellular gene expression and seize the entire metabolic potential of the cell. They also depolymerize the cytoskeleton to cause rapid tissue destruction. Virus infection in animals provokes interferon and nitric oxide responses, which quickly control viral replication, and an antibody response that prevents further viral replication. Vesiculovirus genome replication is error-prone, resulting in viral progeny containing many variants. This allows rapid adaptation. Nevertheless, vesicular stomatitis virus genomic sequences appear relatively stable within single endemic areas, and vary progressively on a North-South axis in the Western Hemisphere. Numerous important fundamental discoveries in immunology and virology have come from recent studies of vesicular stomatitis virus. However, these discoveries have not led to a safe and fully effective vaccine for man or beast. In the absence of a vaccine, the continual increase in rapid intercontinental travel, the increase in numbers and concentration of susceptible animals, the plasticity of the viral genome, and the underappreciation of vesiculoviruses as veterinary and zoonotic path researchers, are combining with potentially explosive consequences. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. CORPOICA CEISA, Programa Biotecnol Anim, Bogota, Colombia. RP Letchworth, GJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, 1655 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 256 TC 120 Z9 135 U1 3 U2 21 PU BAILLIERE TINDALL PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 157 IS 3 BP 239 EP 260 DI 10.1053/tvjl.1998.0303 PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 196VJ UT WOS:000080328300006 PM 10328837 ER PT J AU Mizokami, M Nakano, T Orito, E Tanaka, Y Sakugawa, H Mukaide, M Robertson, BH AF Mizokami, M Nakano, T Orito, E Tanaka, Y Sakugawa, H Mukaide, M Robertson, BH TI Hepatitis B virus genotype assignment using restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B virus; genotyping; restriction fragment length polymorphism; restriction enzyme; S gene ID GENETIC CLASSIFICATION; NUCLEOTIDE; ANTIGEN AB Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is classified into genotypes A-F, which is important for clinical and etiological investigations. To establish a simple genotyping method, 68 full-genomic sequences and 106 S gene sequences mere analyzed by the molecular evolutionary method. HBV genotyping with the S gene sequence is consistent with genetic analysis using the full-genomic sequence. After alignment of the S sequences, genotype specific regions are identified and digested by the restriction enzymes, HphI, NciI, AlwI, EarI, and nlaIV, This HBV genotyping system using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was confirmed to be correct when the PCR products of the S gene in 23 isolates collected from various countries were digested with this method. A restriction site for EarI in genotype B was absent in spite of its presence in all the other genotypes and genotype C has no restriction site for AlwI. Only genotype E is digested with NciI, while only genotype F has a restriction site for HphI. Genotype A can be distinguished by a single restriction enzyme site for NlaIV, while genotype D digestion with this enzyme results in two products that migrates at 265 and 186 bp, This simple and accurate HBV genotyping system using RFLP is considered to be useful for research on HBV, (C) 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Blood Transfus, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med 2, Mizuho Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. Univ Ryukyus, Dept Med 1, Okinawa, Japan. SRL inc, Ctr Mol Biol & Cytogenet, Tokyo, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mizokami, M (reprint author), Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Blood Transfus, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. NR 13 TC 202 Z9 223 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD APR 30 PY 1999 VL 450 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00471-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 194JF UT WOS:000080188500014 PM 10350059 ER PT J AU Watkins, LK Bondarenko, PV Barbacci, DC Song, SQ Cockrill, SL Russell, DH Macfarlane, RD AF Watkins, LK Bondarenko, PV Barbacci, DC Song, SQ Cockrill, SL Russell, DH Macfarlane, RD TI Fast C-18 solid-phase desalting/delipidation of the human serum apolipoproteins for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th ASMs Conference CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP ASM DE desalting method; delipidation methods; apolipoproteins; lipoproteins; proteins ID DELAYED EXTRACTION; A-I; LIPOPROTEIN; DELIPIDATION; DENSITY; VARIANT AB A new method for the delipidation of human serum lipoproteins involving the use of a reversed-phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge is introduced for use with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This method is compared with two other methods of lipoprotein delipidation. The SPE method of delipidation produces a higher and more reproducible protein yield than the conventional liquid-liquid methanol-diethyl ether delipidation technique, Furthermore, the SPE method implements a fast, sequential, desalting and delipidation of the lipoproteins for subsequent mass spectrometric analysis providing high quality spectra. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Thermo Bioanal Corp, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Macfarlane, RD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, POB 300012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RI Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54566] NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 30 PY 1999 VL 840 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00205-8 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 193XF UT WOS:000080162500004 PM 10343397 ER PT J AU Green, MD Bergqvist, Y Mount, DL Corbett, S D'Souza, MJ AF Green, MD Bergqvist, Y Mount, DL Corbett, S D'Souza, MJ TI Improved validated assay for the determination of mefloquine and its carboxy metabolite in plasma, serum and whole blood using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE mefloquine; carboxymefloquine ID ACID METABOLITE AB An improved high-performance liquid chromatography method using a low silanol activity octadecylsilica column and a solid-phase extraction technique is validated for the simultaneous analysis of mefloquine and its carboxy metabolite in whole blood, plasma and serum. An octadecylsilica column with high silanol activity is compared to a column of low activity in terms of pH dependent variability of chromatographic retention times for mefloquine and its carboxy metabolite. The low silanol activity column showed a relatively large mobile phase pH range where retention times for both components are consistent. The solid-phase extraction procedure consists of a simple protein precipitation step followed by sample concentration and extraction using a C-18 membrane disk. The inter- and intra-assay variability for a therapeutic concentration of mefloquine (1000 ng/ml) is less than 2% in whole blood, plasma and serum while carboxymefloquine (1000 ng/ml) is 2.3% or less. At concentrations as low as 100 ng/ml the inter-assay variability is 6.2% or less for both analytes. This method shows a robust analytical procedure for the simultaneous analysis of mefloquine and its carboxy metabolite where precise measurements are useful in pharmacokinetic studies and in estimating drug compliance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Huddinge Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Div Clin Pharmacol, Unit Trop Pharmacol, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. Dalarna Univ Coll, S-78188 Borlange, Sweden. Mercer Univ, So Sch Pharm, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD APR 30 PY 1999 VL 727 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00080-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 194AM UT WOS:000080170000020 PM 10360435 ER PT J AU Greene, RM Wilkins, PP Tsang, VCW AF Greene, RM Wilkins, PP Tsang, VCW TI Diagnostic glycoproteins of Taenia solium cysts share homologous 14-and 18-kDa subunits SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Taenia solium; cysticercosis; diagnosis; glycoproteins ID HUMAN CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; BLOT; ELISA; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIGENS; ASSAY; EITB C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greene, RM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU PHS HHS [5-T32-A107322, 1-U01A135894-01] NR 14 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD APR 30 PY 1999 VL 99 IS 2 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(99)00004-3 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 194XT UT WOS:000080220600009 PM 10340489 ER PT J AU Miller, WE AF Miller, WE TI A visualization of cross-over data using linear functions SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DESIGNS AB Previous work has shown that cross-over trial data can be analysed using within-subject linear functions. Scores that result from linear functions are graphed in quantile comparison plots in order to visualize the differences between factor levels. An example suggests how this visualization can be used to identify outliers or to provide a more specific interpretation of results. Additional examples indicate how this approach can be used to track carry-over differences or interaction effects. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, WE (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD APR 30 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 8 BP 975 EP 987 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990430)18:8<975::AID-SIM96>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 189VT UT WOS:000079927400007 PM 10363335 ER PT J AU Masur, H Kaplan, J AF Masur, H Kaplan, J TI Does Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis still need to be lifelong? SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PNEUMONIA; RISK C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Masur, H (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 29 PY 1999 VL 340 IS 17 BP 1356 EP 1358 DI 10.1056/NEJM199904293401709 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 191BQ UT WOS:000080001700009 PM 10219072 ER PT J AU Garnett, GP Mertz, KJ Finelli, L Levine, WC St Louis, ME AF Garnett, GP Mertz, KJ Finelli, L Levine, WC St Louis, ME TI The transmission dynamics of gonorrhoea: modelling the reported behaviour of infected patients from Newark, New Jersey SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Neisseria gonorrhoeae; gonorrhoea; mathematical model; sexual behaviour; sexually transmitted infection ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; MIXING PATTERNS; ASYMPTOMATIC GONORRHEA; ACQUIRING GONORRHEA; HIV TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEN; PARTNER; NETWORKS; WOMEN AB A survey of the sexual behaviour of gonorrhoea patients in Newark was undertaken to evaluate parameters within a model of gonorrhoea transmission. Modelling work aimed to explain observed epidemiological patterns and to explore the potential impact of interventions. Reported behaviours, along with values derived from the literature, were used within a standard deterministic model of gonorrhoea transmission, where the population was stratified according to sex and rates of sex-partner change. The behaviours reported, particularly among women, are insufficient by themselves to explain the continued existence of gonorrhoea within the population The majority of symptomatic patients seek treatment within a few days, and report that they do not have unprotected sex while symptomatic. The proportion of patients with low numbers of sex partners suggests that sexual mixing between people categorized according to sexual behaviour is near random. To explain the persistence of gonorrhoea, there must be some patients who, when infected, do not seek care in public clinics. In addition, gonorrhoea incidence in the model is sensitive to change, such that very small reductions in risk behaviour could lead to its elimination. This does not accord with the observed failure of many interventions to eliminate infection, suggesting that the modelled infection is too sensitive to change. The model, which has been influential in gonorrhoea epidemiology, is not consistent with the observed epidemiology of gonorrhoea in populations. Alternative models need to explore the observed stability of gonorrhoea before robust modelling conclusions can be drawn on how best to control infection. However, the current results do highlight the potential importance of asymptomatic infections and infections in those who are diseased and do not attend public health services. Screening and contact-tracing to identify asymptomatic infections in both men and women will be more effective in reaching those who maintain the infection within the community rather than simply treating symptomatic cases. C1 Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Epidemiol Infect Dis, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garnett, GP (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Epidemiol Infect Dis, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RI Garnett, Geoffrey/A-9312-2008 NR 46 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 29 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 1384 BP 787 EP 797 DI 10.1098/rstb.1999.0431 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 193WF UT WOS:000080160200011 PM 10365404 ER PT J CA CDC TI Ten great public health achievements - United States, 1900-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 241-243, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 16 BP 1481 EP 1481 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188PP UT WOS:000079857400010 ER PT J CA CDC TI Impact of vaccines universally recommended for children - United States, 1900-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 243-248, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 16 BP 1482 EP 1483 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188PP UT WOS:000079857400011 ER PT J AU Pizacani, B Mosbaek, C Hedberg, K Bley, L Stark, M Moore, J Fleming, D AF Pizacani, B Mosbaek, C Hedberg, K Bley, L Stark, M Moore, J Fleming, D TI Decline in cigarette consumption following implementation of a comprehensive tobacco prevention and education program - Oregon, 1996-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 140-143, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Oregon Hlth Div, Epidemiol Branch,Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pizacani, B (reprint author), CDC, Oregon Hlth Div, Epidemiol Branch,Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 16 BP 1483 EP 1484 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188PP UT WOS:000079857400012 ER PT J AU Berman, SM Gunn, RA Aral, SO AF Berman, SM Gunn, RA Aral, SO TI Abstinence and safer sex among adolescents SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berman, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 16 BP 1485 EP 1485 DI 10.1001/jama.281.16.1485 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188PP UT WOS:000079857400013 PM 10227306 ER PT J AU Diermayer, M Hedberg, K Hoesly, F Fischer, M Perkins, B Reeves, M Fleming, D AF Diermayer, M Hedberg, K Hoesly, F Fischer, M Perkins, B Reeves, M Fleming, D TI Epidemic serogroup B meningococcal disease in Oregon - The evolving epidemiology of the ET-5 strain SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; POPULATION-GENETICS; SAO-PAULO; INFLUENZA; OUTBREAK; CARRIAGE; VACCINE; COMPLEX; SMOKING AB Context In 1993, Oregon's incidence of serogroup B meningococcal disease began to rise because of a highly clonal group of strains designated enzyme type 5 (ET-5), the first such increase observed in the United States. Objective To evaluate the impact that the ET-5 strain has had on the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Oregon. Design and Setting Epidemiologic analysis of surveillance data on Oregon meningococcal disease cases from 1987 through 1996 and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis typing of serogroup B isolates from June 1993 through April 1995 and from April through June 1996. Patients A total of 836 persons with invasive meningococcal disease. Main Outcome Measures Disease frequency and clonality of strains. Results Serogroup B disease incidence rates more than doubled from the preepidemic period in 1987-1992 (1.0 case per 100 000 population) to the recent epidemic period in 1995-1996 (2.2 cases per 100 000), The age-specific incidence rate of serogroup B disease among those 15 through 19 years old increased 13-fold between the preepidemic period (0.5 case per 100 000) and 1995-1996 (6.4 cases per 100 000), However, the proportion of cases with meningococcemia and the case-fatality rate did not change. Of 99 Neisseria meningitidis isolates obtained from 1993-1995, 88 (89%) belonged to the ET-5 complex, Of these, 69 (78%) were a single clone, designated 301, Of 20 serogroup B isolates from 1996, 18 (90%) belonged to the ET-5 complex; 17 (94%) were the 301 clone. Conclusion Serogroup B meningococcal disease incidence continues at high levels in Oregon with increasing predominance of the ET-5 clonal strains. C1 Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Field Epidemiol, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hedberg, K (reprint author), 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU011184] NR 27 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 16 BP 1493 EP 1497 DI 10.1001/jama.281.16.1493 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188PP UT WOS:000079857400030 PM 10227318 ER PT J AU Tappero, JW Lagos, R Ballesteros, AM Plikaytis, B Williams, D Dykes, J Gheesling, LL Carlone, GM Hoiby, EA Holst, J Nokleby, H Rosenqvist, E Sierra, G Campa, C Sotolongo, F Vega, J Garcia, J Herrera, P Poolman, JT Perkins, BA AF Tappero, JW Lagos, R Ballesteros, AM Plikaytis, B Williams, D Dykes, J Gheesling, LL Carlone, GM Hoiby, EA Holst, J Nokleby, H Rosenqvist, E Sierra, G Campa, C Sotolongo, F Vega, J Garcia, J Herrera, P Poolman, JT Perkins, BA TI Immunogenicity of 2 serogroup B outer-membrane protein meningococcal vaccines - A randomized controlled trial in Chile SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; VESICLE VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BACTERICIDAL ANTIBODIES; SAO-PAULO; DISEASE; EFFICACY; EPIDEMIC; PORA; POLYSACCHARIDE AB Context Meningococcal disease occurs worldwide, and serogroup B disease accounts for a large proportion of cases. Although persons younger than 4 years are at greatest risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease, vaccine efficacy has not been demonstrated in this age group. Objective To evaluate serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against homologous vaccine type strains and a heterologous Chilean epidemic strain of Neisseria meningitidis as a potential correlate for vaccine efficacy. Design Double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted between March 14 and July 20, 1994, All blood samples were taken by December 1994. Setting Santiago, Chile, where a clonal serogroup B meningococcal disease epidemic began in 1993. Participants Infants younger than 1 year (n = 187), children aged 2 to 4 years (n = 183), and adults aged 17 to 30 years (n = 173). Intervention Participants received 3 doses of outer-membrane protein (OMP) meningococcal vaccine developed in either Cuba or Norway or a control vaccine, with each dose given 2 months apart. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, prior to dose 3, and at 4 to 6 weeks after dose 3, Main Outcome Measure Immune response, defined as a 4-fold or greater rise in SEA titer 4 to 6 weeks after dose 3 compared with prevaccination titer. Results Children and adult recipients of either meningococcal vaccine were more likely than controls to develop an immune response to the heterologous epidemic strain. After 3 doses of vaccine, 31% to 35% of children responded to the vaccine vs 5% to placebo; 37% to 60% of adults responded to vaccine vs 4% to placebo (P<.05 vs control for all). Infants, however, did not respond. In contrast, against homologous vaccine type strains, the response rate was 67% or higher among children and adults and 90% or higher among infants (P<.001 vs control for all). Subsequent SBA against 7 isogenic homologous target strains identified class 1 OMP as the immunodominant antigen. Conclusions These data suggest that neither serogroup B OMP meningococcal vaccine would confer protection during a heterologous epidemic. However, epidemic strain-specific vaccines homologous for class 1 OMP are promising candidates for the control of epidemic serogroup B meningococcal disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp Roberto del Rio, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Vacunas Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. Inst Salud Publ, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. Finlay Inst, Havana, Cuba. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, Lab Vaccine Dev & Immune Mech, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Tappero, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Mail Stop C-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 263 Z9 272 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 16 BP 1520 EP 1527 DI 10.1001/jama.281.16.1520 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188PP UT WOS:000079857400034 PM 10227322 ER PT J AU Chang, JC Seidel, C Ofenloch, B Jue, DL Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE AF Chang, JC Seidel, C Ofenloch, B Jue, DL Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE TI Antigenic heterogeneity of the hepatitis C virus NS4 protein as modeled with synthetic peptides SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY; NON-B-HEPATITIS; HCV INFECTION; NON-A; CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; JAPANESE PATIENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The effect of sequence heterogeneity on the immunologic properties of two strong antigenic regions of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4 protein was studied by using a set of 443 overlapping 20-mer synthetic peptides. One antigenic region comprising the cleavage site between NS4a and NS4b (region 5-1-1) was modeled with peptides derived from 73 different known sequences, representing HCV genotypes 1-6. The other antigenic region, designated region 59 and located at the C-terminus of the NS4b protein, was modeled with peptides from 7 known sequences representing genotypes 1-3. All peptides were tested for antigenic reactivity by enzyme immunoassay with a panel of anti-HCV-positive serum specimens representing genotypes 1-5. The data demonstrated that immunoreactive peptides fell into two groups. One group, represented by N-terminal peptides, demonstrated genotype-independent immunoreactivity; the other group, from the central part of region 5-1-1, showed strict genotype specificity. Nineteen peptides from the genotype-independent group strongly immunoreacted with a wide range of serum samples containing antibodies to all 5 HCV genotypes. Twenty-five peptides from the genotype-specific group were found to strongly react with serum containing antibodies only to the genotype from which the peptides were derived. Similar to the N-terminal part of region 5-1-1, peptides derived from region 59 did not show genotype-specific immunoreactivity. Some peptides derived from the central part of region 59 showed very strong and broad antigenic reactivity. Thus, after examining two antigenic regions of the NS4 protein, we identified short sequences that can be used for the efficient detection of either genotype-independent or genotype-specific HCV antibodies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, D-82372 Penzberg, Germany. RP Khudyakov, YE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 25 PY 1999 VL 257 IS 1 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.9612 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 194GQ UT WOS:000080184200018 PM 10208931 ER PT J AU Liburdy, RP Kanitz, H Afzal, J Harland, J Savage, R AF Liburdy, RP Kanitz, H Afzal, J Harland, J Savage, R TI Differential protein expression in human breast cancer cells treated with tamoxifen and environmental magnetic fields SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 23 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 7 SU S BP A1538 EP A1538 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QX UT WOS:000082033401244 ER PT J AU Nabel, GJ Woffendin, C King, SR Yang, ZY Ranga, U June, CH Xu, L Zaki, SR Sanchez, A AF Nabel, GJ Woffendin, C King, SR Yang, ZY Ranga, U June, CH Xu, L Zaki, SR Sanchez, A TI Gene therapy for AIDS and emerging viruses SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 23 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 7 SU S BP A1591 EP A1591 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QX UT WOS:000082033401542 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Thompson, BL Bland, SD AF Nelson, DE Thompson, BL Bland, SD TI Cost as a barrier to medical care - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 22 PY 1999 VL 340 IS 16 BP 1293 EP 1293 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188EL UT WOS:000079833800028 ER PT J CA Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent Hlth Promot Natl Ctr Hlth Statist CDC TI Preterm singleton births - United States, 1989-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 185-189, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 21 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 15 BP 1370 EP 1371 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 185ZF UT WOS:000079701000009 ER PT J AU McGuill, M Matyas, B Werner, B DeMaria, A AF McGuill, M Matyas, B Werner, B DeMaria, A TI Mass treatment of humans who drank unpasteurized milk from rabid cows - Massachusetts, 1996-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 228-229, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURES C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGuill, M (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 21 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 15 BP 1371 EP 1372 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 185ZF UT WOS:000079701000010 ER PT J AU Weinstein, A Feigley, P Pullen, P Mann, L Redman, L AF Weinstein, A Feigley, P Pullen, P Mann, L Redman, L TI Neighborhood safety and the prevalence of physical inactivity - Selected states, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 143-146, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weinstein, A (reprint author), CDC, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 21 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 15 BP 1373 EP 1373 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 185ZF UT WOS:000079701000011 ER PT J AU Nakashima, AK Horsley, R Frey, RL Sweeney, PA Weber, JT Flaming, PL AF Nakashima, AK Horsley, R Frey, RL Sweeney, PA Weber, JT Flaming, PL TI HIV testing after implementation of name-based reporting - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nakashima, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 21 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 15 BP 1379 EP 1380 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 185ZF UT WOS:000079701000024 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA Ries, LAG Giovino, GA Miller, DS Rosenberg, HM Shopland, DR Thun, MJ Edwards, BK AF Wingo, PA Ries, LAG Giovino, GA Miller, DS Rosenberg, HM Shopland, DR Thun, MJ Edwards, BK TI Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; TRENDS; ADULTS; STRAW; YOUTH AB Background: The American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), including the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), provide the second annual report to the nation on progress in cancer prevention and control, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking. Methods: Age-adjusted rates (using the 1970 U.S. standard population) were based on cancer incidence data from NCI and underlying cause of death data compiled by NCHS, The prevalence of tobacco use was derived from CDC surveys, Reported P values are two-sided. Results: From 1990 through 1996, cancer incidence (-0.9% per year; P = .16) and cancer death (-0.6% per year; P = .001) rates for all sites combined decreased. Among the 10 leading cancer incidence sites, statistically significant decreases in incidence rates were seen in males for leukemia and cancers of the lung, colon/rectum, urinary bladder, and oral cavity and pharynx, Except for lung cancer, incidence rates for these cancers also declined in females. Among the 10 leading cancer mortality sites, statistically significant decreases in cancer death rates were seen for cancers of the male lung, female breast, the prostate, male pancreas, and male brain and, for both sexes, cancers of the colon/rectum and stomach. Age-specific analyses of lung cancer revealed that rates in males first declined at younger ages and then for each older age group successively over time; rates in females appeared to be in the early stages of following the same pattern, with rates decreasing for women aged 40-59 years. Conclusions: The declines in cancer incidence and death rates, particularly for lung cancer, are encouraging. However, unless recent upward trends in smoking among adolescents can be reversed, the lung cancer rates that are currently declining in the United States may rise again. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wingo, PA (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM pwingo@cancer.org NR 91 TC 416 Z9 428 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD APR 21 PY 1999 VL 91 IS 8 BP 675 EP 690 DI 10.1093/jnci/91.8.675 PG 16 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 190AA UT WOS:000079938300008 PM 10218505 ER PT J AU Burke, RA Meyer, JL Cruse, JM Birkhead, KM Paul, MJ AF Burke, RA Meyer, JL Cruse, JM Birkhead, KM Paul, MJ TI Soil-atmosphere exchange of methane in adjacent cultivated and floodplain forest soils SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; CONSUMPTION; TEMPERATE; OXIDATION; FLUXES; WATER; FRACTIONS; MOISTURE; SITES AB The soil-atmosphere exchange of methane was measured in adjacent cultivated (corn) and forest (upper floodplain, mixed hardwood) habitats of the southeastern U.S. piedmont for a period of 3 years using closed chambers. We have evaluated the effect of the following factors on soil-atmosphere methane exchange: (1) interannual variability of climatic conditions, (2) landscape position (i.e., river levee versus terrace), and (3) disturbance ranging from intense (cultivation) through moderate (approximately annual flooding events that last from weeks to months) to subtle (approximately annual flooding of a few days duration). We found that mean methane consumption in the cultivated and forested terrace sites was <0.3 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1), whereas the mean consumption rate in forested levee sites was about 1.4 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1) over the course of the 3 years. Moisture levels in the upper soil (0-5 cm) appear to exert little control of methane exchange in any of the habitats. We observed little seasonal variation in methane flux in the levee sites, in contrast to results observed by others in higher-latitude and tropical forests, Our results suggest that very subtle differences in landscape position and disturbance impact the strength of the soil methane sink. We cannot conclude that agricultural development destroyed the methane sink capacity of these floodplain terrace soils because it was probably already quite low due to periodic disturbance by flooding. Limited measurements of nitrogen cycling suggest that methane flux differences observed among the different habitats are not obviously related to differences in N mineralization or nitrification as in other ecosystems. C1 US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Burke, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D7 BP 8161 EP 8171 DI 10.1029/1999JD900015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NV UT WOS:000079793600010 ER PT J AU Wiktor, SZ Nkengasong, JN Ekpini, ER Adjorlolo-Johnson, GT Ghys, PD Brattegaard, K Tossou, O Dondero, TJ De Cock, KM Greenberg, AE AF Wiktor, SZ Nkengasong, JN Ekpini, ER Adjorlolo-Johnson, GT Ghys, PD Brattegaard, K Tossou, O Dondero, TJ De Cock, KM Greenberg, AE TI Lack of protection against HIV-1 infection among women with HIV-2 infection SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; Cote d'Ivoire; HIV-1; HIV-2; incidence; seroconversion ID NATURAL PROTECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective: To assess whether HIV-2 infection protects against HIV-1 infection by comparing the rate of HIV-1 seroconversion among HIV-negative and HIV-2-seropositive women followed in a cohort study in Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: HIV seroconversion was assessed in 266 HIV-seronegative, 129 HIV-1-seropositive, and 127 HIV-2-seropositive women participating in a closed cohort study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV conducted during 1990-1994. Participants were seen every 6 months, and blood samples were obtained. AII blood samples were screened for HIV antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and confirmed by line Immunoassay (LIA) and Western blot. Among women who were HIV-seronegative at enrolment, seroconversion was defined as new EIA-reactivity confirmed on LIA and Western blot. Among HIV-1- or HIV-2-seropositive women, seroconversion to dual reactivity was defined as new dual reactivity on the LIA that was confirmed by reactivity on both HIV-1- and HIV-2-monospecific EIA. Results: Five HIV-seronegative women became HIV-1-seropositive (seroconversion rate, 1.1 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3-2.5), and none became HIV-2-seropositive. No HIV-1-seropositive women became HIV-1/2 dually reactive, whereas six HIV-2-seropositive women acquired HIV-1 seroreactivity ar-id thus became HIV-1/2 dually reactive (seroconversion rate 2.9 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 1.1-6.3). HIV-2-seropositive women were more likely to acquire HIV-1 seroreactivity than were HIV-seronegative women (rate ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 0.7-11.2), but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.15). Conclusion: HIV-2 infection does not appear to protect against HIV-1 infection. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Wiktor, SZ (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 16 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 695 EP 699 DI 10.1097/00002030-199904160-00010 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 195UT UT WOS:000080271100010 PM 10397564 ER PT J AU Posner, SF Pedersen, NL Gatz, M AF Posner, SF Pedersen, NL Gatz, M TI Application of life table analysis to the onset of dementia in a genetically informative design SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; twins; life table analysis ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TWIN; REGISTRY AB The primary objective of this study was to estimate the survival function for time to onset of dementia in initially unaffected twins from when their partner (index proband) was diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Survival functions generated by life table analyses were compared by zygosity and gender. Sixty-one twin pairs where at least one member had been diagnosed with dementia of Alzheimer's type were included in the analyses. Additionally, both members of the twin pair had to be alive at the time the index proband was diagnosed with dementia, The probability of remaining cognitively intact within the first three years after the proband was diagnosed was high (0.93, 95% CI 0.89, 1.0), but after 15 years the probability of remaining intact was low (0.34, 95% CI 0.16, 0.52), Age of onset of the index proband was a significant covariate in the survival functions. There were significant differences in the survival functions for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) co-twins (chi(2) = 3.86, 1, P < 0.05), evidencing a genetic component for age of onset for dementia, but there were no significant differences between men and women. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Genet Epidemiol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway MSK-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG08724, AG04563, AG10175, R01 AG008724] NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD APR 16 PY 1999 VL 88 IS 2 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990416)88:2<207::AID-AJMG19>3.0.CO;2-G PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 180KL UT WOS:000079384900019 PM 10206243 ER PT J AU Bell, DM Drotman, DP AF Bell, DM Drotman, DP TI Confronting antimicrobial resistance: A shared goal of family physicians and the CDC SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; APPROPRIATE USE; ANTIBIOTICS; CHILDREN; URIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 8 BP 2097 EP + PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 189BW UT WOS:000079885100003 PM 10221295 ER PT J AU Blackmore-Prince, C Harlow, SD Gargiullo, P Lee, MA Savitz, DA AF Blackmore-Prince, C Harlow, SD Gargiullo, P Lee, MA Savitz, DA TI Chemical hair treatments and adverse pregnancy outcome among Black women in central North Carolina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blacks; cosmetics; hair preparations; infant; low birth weight; infant; premature; pregnancy outcome; women ID RISK-FACTORS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; COLORING PRODUCTS; PRETERM DELIVERY; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; LEUKEMIA; BIRTH AB Several studies suggest that toxic chemicals in hair products may be absorbed through the scalp in sufficient amounts to increase the risks of adverse health effects in women or their infants, This case-control study of 525 Black women from three counties in North Carolina who had delivered a singleton, liveborn infant examined whether exposure to chemicals used in hair straightening and curling increased the odds that the infant was preterm or low birth weight. Cases consisted of 188 preterm and 156 low birth weight births (for 123 women, their infant was both low birth weight and preterm). Controls were 304 women who delivered term and normal birth weight infants. Women who used a chemical hair straightener at any time during pregnancy or within 3 months prior to conception had an adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-1.1) for preterm birth and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-1.1) for low birth weight. Exposure to chemical curl products was also not associated with preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.5-1.8) or low birth weight (adjusted OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.5-1.9), Despite this failure to find an association, continued search for risk factors to which Black women are uniquely exposed is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Dept Hlth State Hawaii, Communicable Dis Div, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Boston, MA USA. RP Blackmore-Prince, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 8 BP 712 EP 716 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 185LY UT WOS:000079671500004 PM 10206620 ER PT J AU Boneva, RS Moore, CA Botto, L Wong, LY Erickson, JD AF Boneva, RS Moore, CA Botto, L Wong, LY Erickson, JD TI Nausea during pregnancy and congenital heart defects: A population-based case-control study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiemetics; case-control studies; heart defects; congenital; nausea; pregnancy; pyridoxine ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; CARDIOVASCULAR BIRTH-DEFECTS; FEMALE SEX-HORMONES; EXPOSURE; RISK AB The authors investigated the possible association between a mother's nausea during pregnancy and her child's risk for a congenital heart defect using data from the population-based Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study conducted in 1982-1983. Case infants (n = 998) had nonsyndromic congenital heart defects and control infants (n = 3,029) had no congenital defects. Nausea during pregnancy (NP) was graded in eight levels of "severity" based on its onset, frequency, and duration. Level 1, the most severe NP, was associated with a lower risk for a congenital heart defect in the child (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.99) compared with no nausea. The lower risk tended to disappear with less severe levels of nausea, and the trend was statistically significant. Overall, early NP (levels 1 to 4 combined) with use of antinausea medication, particularly Bendectin(R) (doxylamine, dicyclomine (dropped from the formulation in 1976), pyridoxine (vitamin B-6)), was associated with a lower risk for congenital heart defects compared with: 1) absence of nausea (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.92), and 2) nausea without medication use (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.94), The results suggest that pregnancy hormones and factors or, alternatively, a component of Bendectin(R) (most probably pyridoxine) may be important for normal heart development. These findings outline potential areas for future research on and prevention of congenital heart defects. C1 CDC, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, DBDDD, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, CA (reprint author), CDC, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, DBDDD, NCEH, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Code F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 8 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 185LY UT WOS:000079671500005 PM 10206621 ER PT J AU Rompalo, AM Astemborski, J Schoenbaum, E Schuman, P Carpenter, C Holmberg, SD Warren, DL Farzadegan, H Vlahov, D Smith, DK AF Rompalo, AM Astemborski, J Schoenbaum, E Schuman, P Carpenter, C Holmberg, SD Warren, DL Farzadegan, H Vlahov, D Smith, DK CA HER Study Grp TI Comparison of clinical manifestations of HIV infection among women by risk group, CD4(+) cell count, and HIV-1 plasma viral load SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; clinical manifestations; risk group; women; HIV-1 viral load ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT; DRUG-USERS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; DISEASE; LYMPHOCYTES; SPECTRUM; THERAPY; SUBSETS; MARKERS AB Objectives: To compare the prevalence of HIV-related symptoms, physical examination findings, and hematologic variables among women whose risk for HIV is injection drug use since 1985 as opposed to sexual contact and to evaluate the influence of HIV plasma viral load and CD4(+) cell count on clinical manifestations according to risk. Methods: Participants of the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS; a multicenter, prospective, controlled study of HIV infection in women) were administered a risk behavior and symptom interview, underwent a physical examination, and received hematologic testing, including CD4(+) cell counts done on study entry. Plasma HIV-1 viral loads were performed on stored frozen plasma using an ultrasensitive branched-DNA (b-DNA) signal amplification assay. CD4(+) counts were categorized as <200 cells/mu l, 200 to 499 cells/mu l, or greater than or equal to 500 cells/mu l, and HIV viral loads were characterized in tertiles. Results: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on data available for 724 HIV-infected women: 387 had a history of intravenous drug use and 337 were infected through heterosexual contact. The median CD4(+) count was 376 cells/mu l; the median HIV-1 viral load was 1135 copies/ml; and 281 of 724 HIV-infected women (38.8%) had an undetectable HIV-1 viral load. In analyses adjusting for CD4(+) cell level alone and for plasma viral load combined with CD4+ cell level, injection drug users (IDUs) were more likely than those infected through heterosexual contact to report a recent episode of memory loss and weight loss, but less likely to have recent episodes of genital herpes; to have enlarged livers and a body mass index (BMI) <24, and to have hematocrit levels <34% and platelet counts <150,000 cells/ml. After adjustment for CD4(+) cell level and risk group high and medium HIV-1 plasma viral load levels were associated with the presence of oral hairy leukoplakia on examination, and only the highest level of plasma viral load was associated with recent histories of fever and thrush. oral hairy leukoplakia, pseudomembranous candidiasis, and BMI <24 on examination, and hematocrit <34%. Conclusions: In this cohort of women, the distribution of HIV-1 plasma viral load was lower than that previously reported in populations of HIV-infected men. This study also shows some differences in frequency of signs, symptoms, and laboratory values between risk groups of HIV-infected women, but these results may be due to effects of injection drug use rather than HIV infection. Signs and symptoms identified as associated with increasing levels of viral load that were not different across risk groups suggest more direct association of these findings with HIV infection. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rompalo, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Room 447,1830 E Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64CCU106795, U64CCU200798, U64CCU306802] NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 5 BP 448 EP 454 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 189EX UT WOS:000079892400006 PM 10225226 ER PT J AU Markowitz, LE Sirisopana, N Charonwatanachokchai, A Julvanichpong, W Siraprapasiri, T Palanuvej, T Siriwongrangsun, P Tungsakul, V Pumratana, K Chitwarakorn, A Michael, RA Brown, AE AF Markowitz, LE Sirisopana, N Charonwatanachokchai, A Julvanichpong, W Siraprapasiri, T Palanuvej, T Siriwongrangsun, P Tungsakul, V Pumratana, K Chitwarakorn, A Michael, RA Brown, AE TI Feasibility of a preventive HIV-1 vaccine cohort among persons attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 incidence; sexually transmitted diseases; Asia; Thailand; vaccine ID EFFICACY TRIALS; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; MEN; SEROCONVERSION; INFECTION; DECLINE; BANGKOK AB Persons attending sexually transmitted disease clinics at three sites in Thailand were recruited to participate in a I-year study of HIV-1 incidence. Between September 1995 and February 1996, 31% (371 of 1205) of eligible men and 24% (161 of 659) of eligible women agreed to participate. At enrollment, HIV-1 seropositivity was 3.8% among men and 2.5% among women. Follow-up of the 514 participants who were seronegative at baseline was 78% at the 12-month visit. During the study period, 53% of men reported 2 or more sexual partners, 31% reported sex with a commercial sex worker (CSW), and 33% with a casual partner. Of those visiting CSWs, 72% reported consistent condom use. Among women, 11% reported 2 or more sexual partners. Decreased HIV risk behaviors among men were observed during the study. Four incident infections occurred in men (1.4/100 person-years, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-3.6) and none among women. Based on the observed HIV-I incidence, HIV vaccine efficacy trials in such populations would have to be larger than previously planned or more selective of high risk subgroups for recruitment. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Bang Ruk Hosp, Venereal Dis Control Div, Bangkok, Thailand. Venereal Dis & AIDS Control Ctr 3, Chonburi, Thailand. Lampang Provincial Hlth Off, Lampang, Thailand. RP Markowitz, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 5 BP 488 EP 494 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 189EX UT WOS:000079892400012 PM 10225232 ER PT J AU Barnwell, JW AF Barnwell, JW TI Malaria - A new escape and evasion tactic SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; PROTEINS; MEROZOITES; INVASION; RECEPTOR; FAMILY; VIVAX C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 398 IS 6728 BP 562 EP 563 DI 10.1038/19198 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 186WX UT WOS:000079754700032 PM 10217137 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Datta, S AF Satten, GA Datta, S TI Kaplan-Meier representation of competing risk estimates SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Kaplan-Meier estimator; Aalen-Johansen estimator; right censoring; maximum likelihood; competing risk; fractional risk set AB A novel representation for the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) of the failure time distributions in the competing risks problem with right-censored data is derived. This representation shows that the NPMLE can be calculated by a Kaplan-Meier survival function for each failure type, where an appropriate fraction of the censored observations contribute to each risk set. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 42 IS 3 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0167-7152(98)00220-X PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 176AJ UT WOS:000079128100010 ER PT J AU Matthews, AL Brown, J Switzer, W Folks, TM Heneine, W Sandstrom, PA AF Matthews, AL Brown, J Switzer, W Folks, TM Heneine, W Sandstrom, PA TI Development and validation of a western immunoblot assay for detection of antibodies to porcine endogenous retrovirus SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-CELLS; TRANSPLANTATION; XENOGRAFTS; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; CDNA AB Background Reports that pig endogenous retrovirus (PERV) infects human cells in vitro have heightened the importance of molecular and serologic monitoring of xenograft recipients for evidence of infection with PERV, We report the development and validation of a PERV-specific Western immunoblot assay for the diagnostic testing of porcine xenografts recipients. This assay is based upon the serological cross-reactivity observed between PERV variants capable of infecting human cells in vitro and other mammalian C type retroviruses, Methods and Results. Strong reactivity between PERV expressing embryonic pig kidney PK-15 cells and antisera raised against whole virus preparations of murine leukemia virus, gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), and simian sarcoma-associated virus was demonstrated by an immunofluorescence assay, suggesting specific antigenic cross-reactivity between this group of viruses and PERV, Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that anti-GALV antisera reacted with three proteins in PK-15 cells having molecular masses of 30, 55, and 66 kDa. Antisera specific for the Gag proteins of either GALV or simian sarcoma-associated virus reacted with the 30-kDa (major) and 55-kDa (minor) proteins present in PK-15 cells and in PERV-infected 293 human kidney cells, likely representing reactivity to the processed and precursor forms of the PERV Gag protein, respectively. No reactivity was seen in uninfected 293 cells. Analysis of plasma samples from 200 United States blood donors and from 58 human immunodeficiency virus-1, 18 human immunodeficiency virus-a, 13 human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-I, 21 human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-II, and 15 cytomegalovirus infected controls were negative. Conclusions. As this assay is based on PERV antigen derived from infected human cells, it clearly has the capacity to detect a serologic response towards PERV variants that have zoonotic potential and will allow for the accurate determination of PERV-specific seroreactivity in porcine xenograft recipients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sandstrom, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 15 PY 1999 VL 67 IS 7 BP 939 EP 943 DI 10.1097/00007890-199904150-00002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 189ND UT WOS:000079910700002 PM 10221475 ER PT J AU Holcomb, C Lacey, PL McCoy, TW Stancil, MA Benson, JA Cobb, LL Ray, ML Park, MM Franko, EA Scarborough, MF Blake, PA Simons, MM Dauphinais, L Vukelic, PJ Kruger, KJ Shireley, LA Gregos, E Friedman, M Richey, N Hammond, R Monroe, T Cheek, J AF Holcomb, C Lacey, PL McCoy, TW Stancil, MA Benson, JA Cobb, LL Ray, ML Park, MM Franko, EA Scarborough, MF Blake, PA Simons, MM Dauphinais, L Vukelic, PJ Kruger, KJ Shireley, LA Gregos, E Friedman, M Richey, N Hammond, R Monroe, T Cheek, J TI Outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness of unknown etiology associated with eating burritos - United States, October 1997 October 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 210-213, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Hall Cty Hlth Dept, Hall Cty Environm Hlth, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. Geprgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30334 USA. Aberdeen Area Indian Hlth Serv, Rapid City, SD USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND USA. Hillsborough Cty Dept Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Environm Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. Indian Hlth Serv Headquarters, Albuquerque, NM USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Off Reg Operat, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, USDA, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holcomb, C (reprint author), Hall Cty Hlth Dept, Hall Cty Environm Hlth, Gainesville, GA 30503 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 14 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 14 BP 1263 EP 1264 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 184TC UT WOS:000079628700012 ER PT J CA State Behav Risk Factor Surveillance S TI Total tooth loss among persons aged >= 65 years - Selected states, 1995-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 206-210, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 14 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 14 BP 1264 EP 1266 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 184TC UT WOS:000079628700013 ER PT J AU Arness, M Canham, M Feighner, B Hoedebecke, E Cuthie, J Polyak, C Skillman, DR English, J Jenkins, C Barker, T Cieslak, T Taylor, DN AF Arness, M Canham, M Feighner, B Hoedebecke, E Cuthie, J Polyak, C Skillman, DR English, J Jenkins, C Barker, T Cieslak, T Taylor, DN TI Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis in US army trainees - Texas, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 225-227, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. CDC, Viral Gastroenterol Sect & Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arness, M (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 14 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 14 BP 1266 EP 1266 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 184TC UT WOS:000079628700014 ER PT J AU Villar, RG Shapiro, RL Busto, S Riva-Posse, C Verdejo, G Farace, MI Rosetti, F San Juan, JA Julia, CM Becher, J Maslanka, SE Swerdlow, DL AF Villar, RG Shapiro, RL Busto, S Riva-Posse, C Verdejo, G Farace, MI Rosetti, F San Juan, JA Julia, CM Becher, J Maslanka, SE Swerdlow, DL TI Outbreak of type A botulism and development of a botulism surveillance and antitoxin release system in Argentina SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PSYCHROTROPHIC CLOSTRIDIUM; FOODBORNE BOTULISM; UNITED-STATES; SPOILAGE; GROWTH AB Context Botulism is an important public health problem in Argentina, but obtaining antitoxin rapidly has been difficult because global supplies are limited. in January 1998, a botulism outbreak occurred in Buenos Aires. Objectives To determine the source of the outbreak, improve botulism surveillance, and establish an antitoxin supply and release system in Argentina. Design, Setting, and Participants Cohort study in January 1998 of 21 drivers of a specific bus route in urban Buenos Aires. Main Outcome Measure Occurrence of botulism and implication of a particular food as the vehicle causing this outbreak. Results Nine (43%) of 21 bus drivers developed botulism; presenting with gastroenteritis, symptoms of acute cranial nerve dysfunction including ptosis, dysphagia, blurred vision, and motor weakness. One driver experienced respiratory failure. Type A toxin was detected from 3 of 9 patients' serum samples. All drivers received botulism antitoxin; there were no fatalities. Consumption of matambre (Argentine meat roll) was significantly associated with illness. Among 11 persons who ate matambre, 9 developed illness, compared with none of those who did not eat it (P < .001). The matambre had been cooked in water at 78 degrees C to 80 degrees C for 4 hours, sealed in heat-shrinked plastic wrap, and stored in refrigerators that did not cool adequately. Subsequently, a botulism surveillance and antitoxin release system was established. Conclusions Insufficient cooking time and temperatures, storage in heat-shrinked plastic wrap, and inadequate refrigeration likely contributed to Clostridium botulinum spore survival, germination, and toxin production. A rapid-response botulism surveillance and antitoxin release system in Argentina should provide more timely distribution of antitoxin to patients and may serve as a model for other nations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Salud Reg 5, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Minist Salud & Acc Social, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Med Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Direcc Epidemiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. ANLIS Carlos G Malbran, Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecc, Dept Bacteriol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp FJ Muniz, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Swerdlow, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 14 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 14 BP 1334 EP + DI 10.1001/jama.281.14.1334 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 184TC UT WOS:000079628700041 PM 10208152 ER PT J AU Nkengasong, JN Bile, C Kalou, M Maurice, C Boateng, E Sassan-Morokro, M Rayfield, M Coulibaly, D Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ AF Nkengasong, JN Bile, C Kalou, M Maurice, C Boateng, E Sassan-Morokro, M Rayfield, M Coulibaly, D Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ TI Quantification of RNA in HIV type 1 subtypes D and G by NucliSens and Amplicor assays in Abidjan, Ivory Coast SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC SUBTYPES; VIRAL LOAD; PLASMA; INFECTION; FAILURE; AFRICA AB We have compared the performance of the NucliSens and the standard and modified HIV Monitor assays to quantify HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load in 12 tuberculosis patients infected with HIV-1 env subtype D (n = 3) and env subtype G (n = 9) in Ivory Coast. RNA was quantified in ail nine subtype G specimens by the modified Amplicor HIV Monitor (mean, 4.6 log(10) copies/ml; range, 3.1-6.3 log(10)/ml), in seven specimens by NucliSens (mean, 4.4 log(10) copies/ml; range, 2.7-5.5 log(10) copies/ml), and in 6 specimens by the standard Amplicor HIV Monitor assay (mean, 4.2 log(10) copies/ml; range, 3.5-5.0 log(10) copies/ml). All three subtype D samples were amplified by both the modified Amplicor HIV Monitor (mean, 4.5 log(10) copies/ml; range, 3.8-5.1 log(10) copies/ml) and NucliSens (mean, 3.8 log(10) copies/ml; range, 2.8-5.0 log(10) copies/ml); two samples were quantified by the standard Amplicor HIV Monitor assay (mean, 3.0 log(10) copies/ml; range, 2.4-3.6 log(10) copies/mi). Our preliminary results suggest that the modified Amplicor HIV Monitor can accurately quantify HIV-1 RNA viral load in persons infected with subtype D and G strains. C1 CHU Trenchville, Virol Lab, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl AIDS STD TB Control Program, Abidjan 04, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), CHU Trenchville, Virol Lab, BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR 10 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 495 EP 498 DI 10.1089/088922299311015 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 185JL UT WOS:000079665700001 PM 10221526 ER PT J AU Pieniazek, D Ellenberger, D Janini, LM Ramos, AC Nkengasong, J Sassan-Morokro, M Hu, DJ Coulibally, IM Ekpini, E Bandea, C Tanuri, A Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ Rayfield, MA AF Pieniazek, D Ellenberger, D Janini, LM Ramos, AC Nkengasong, J Sassan-Morokro, M Hu, DJ Coulibally, IM Ekpini, E Bandea, C Tanuri, A Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ Rayfield, MA TI Predominance of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B in Abidjan, Ivory Coast SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SOOTY MANGABEYS; COTE-DIVOIRE; WEST-AFRICA; HIV TYPE-2; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; AIDS AB We analyzed the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships among 28 HIV-2 strains collected from patients enrolled in an HIV epidemiologic study in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, during 1995-1996, Although both subtype A (n = 8; 29%) and subtype B (n = 20; 71%) were present in this sampling, the majority of infections were caused by subtype B viruses. These findings contrasted with the reported predominance of HIV-2 subtype A in other African countries. The broad genetic diversity identified among protease gene sequences for HIV-2 subtype A (6%; range 3-15%) and subtype B (7%; range, 2-12%), and their presence in Abidjan during the 1980s, document a long coexistence of two viral subtypes in Ivory Coast. Our data indicate that viruses of subtypes A and B have contributed to the HIV-2 epidemic in Ivory Coast. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl AIDS STD TB Control Program, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Pieniazek, D (reprint author), CDC, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Mail Stop G19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dxp1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR 10 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1089/088922299311132 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 185JL UT WOS:000079665700013 PM 10221538 ER PT J AU Ostroff, SM AF Ostroff, SM TI Continuing challenge of pneumococcal disease SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ostroff, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 10 PY 1999 VL 353 IS 9160 BP 1201 EP 1202 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)90051-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 186TB UT WOS:000079744100003 PM 10217075 ER PT J AU Cody, SH Bolding, AF Fenstersheib, M Olivas, GS O'Malley, C Smith, N Hendry, M Waterman, S AF Cody, SH Bolding, AF Fenstersheib, M Olivas, GS O'Malley, C Smith, N Hendry, M Waterman, S TI Update: Influenza activity - United States, 1998-99 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 177-181, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Santa Clara Cty Publ Hlth Dept, San Jose, CA 95110 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 94203 USA. WHO, Collaborating Labs, Natl Respir Enter Virus Surveill Syst, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Influenza Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp Enterovirus Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cody, SH (reprint author), Santa Clara Cty Publ Hlth Dept, San Jose, CA 95110 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 7 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 13 BP 1165 EP 1167 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 181VW UT WOS:000079464400011 ER PT J AU Cleary, PD Zaslavsky, AM Green, DC Koplan, JP Kao, AC AF Cleary, PD Zaslavsky, AM Green, DC Koplan, JP Kao, AC TI Method of physician payment and patient trust - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. RP Cleary, PD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 7 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 13 BP 1173 EP 1174 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 181VW UT WOS:000079464400025 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F AF Vinicor, F TI When is diabetes diabetes? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DIAGNOSIS; MELLITUS; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy NW,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 7 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 13 BP 1222 EP 1224 DI 10.1001/jama.281.13.1222 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 181VW UT WOS:000079464400039 PM 10199434 ER PT J AU Terry, MA Liebman, J Person, B Bond, L Dillard-Smith, C Tunstall, C AF Terry, MA Liebman, J Person, B Bond, L Dillard-Smith, C Tunstall, C TI The Women and Infants Demonstration Project: An integrated approach to AIDS prevention and research SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; OPINION LEADERS; HIV PREVENTION; CRACK COCAINE; DRUG-USERS; INFECTION; RISK; PREGNANCY; SMOKING AB The Women and Infants Demonstration Project is a multisite, behavioral intervention research effort funded by the Centers for Disease Control. The project is evaluating a theory-based, integrated intervention model to increase the use of condoms for prevention of both sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unintended pregnancy among women and their partners at risk of infection with HIV. The importance of utilizing carefully targeted, credible and persistent risk reduction interventions to effect lasting behavior change has become evident over the last ten years of the AIDS epidemic. The theory-based intervention components being evaluated in this intervention study involve one-on-one stage-tailored outreach; the development and distribution of community-tailored HIV prevention materials, called role-model stories; and the development of organizational and peer networking, all within a community mobilization framework. This article describes each of the intervention components being evaluated during this 5-year study. Such an intervention effort represents an important contribution in the design of community-level AIDS prevention intervention efforts which support individual-level behavioral changes by women at risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Serv Adm, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Nursing, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Women & Infants Demonstrat Project, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr Prevent STDs HIV And TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CAL PEP, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Terry, MA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Serv Adm, 231 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU306935] NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD APR PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 107 EP 121 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 185HY UT WOS:000079664000002 PM 10214495 ER PT J AU Lifson, AR Halcon, LL Johnston, AM Hayman, CR Hannan, P Miller, CA Valway, SE AF Lifson, AR Halcon, LL Johnston, AM Hayman, CR Hannan, P Miller, CA Valway, SE TI Tuberculin skin testing among economically disadvantaged youth in a federally funded job training program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescence; skin tests; tuberculin test; tuberculosis ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Low income, medically underserved communities are at increased risk for tuberculosis. Limited population-based national data are available about tuberculous infection in young people from such backgrounds. To determine the prevalence of a positive tuberculin skin test among economically disadvantaged youth in a federally funded job training program during 1995 and 1996, the authors evaluated data from medical records of 22,565 randomly selected students from over 100 job training centers throughout the United States. An estimated 5.6% of students had a documented positive skin test or history of active tuberculosis. Rates were highest among those who were racial/ethnic minorities, foreign born, and (among foreign-born students) older in age (p < 0.001). Weighted rates (adjusting for sampling) were 1.3% for white, 2.2% for Native American, 4.0% for black, 9.6% for Hispanic, and 40.7% for Asian/Pacific Islander students; rates were 2.4% for US-born and 32.7% for foreign-born students. Differences by geographic region of residence were not significant after adjusting for other demographic factors. Tuberculin screening of socioeconomically disadvantaged youth such as evaluated in this study provides important sentinel surveillance data concerning groups at risk for tuberculous infection and allows recommended public health interventions to be offered. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. US Dept Labor, Job Corps, Washington, DC 20210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lifson, AR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Div Epidemiol, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 7 BP 671 EP 679 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 181QQ UT WOS:000079453500012 PM 10192315 ER PT J AU Rehm, JT Bondy, SJ Sempos, CT Vuong, CV AF Rehm, JT Bondy, SJ Sempos, CT Vuong, CV TI Alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Fachhsch Hamburg, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany. Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Rehm, JT (reprint author), Fachhsch Hamburg, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany. RI Rem, Jurgen/H-1309-2011; Bondy, Susan/C-6737-2014 OI Bondy, Susan/0000-0002-6516-4159 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 7 BP 683 EP 683 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 181QQ UT WOS:000079453500017 ER PT J AU Geidenberger, CA Nestel, G Socie, EM AF Geidenberger, CA Nestel, G Socie, EM TI Toward a positive contribution to understanding cost-effectiveness issues in the surveillance and prevention of occupational disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE cost-effectiveness; surveillance; intervention; prevention; silicosis C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. RP Geidenberger, CA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 4 BP 432 EP 433 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 173KT UT WOS:000078980300016 PM 10086205 ER PT J AU Mangram, AJ Horan, TC Pearson, ML Silver, LC Jarvis, WR AF Mangram, AJ Horan, TC Pearson, ML Silver, LC Jarvis, WR CA Hosp Infect Control Practices Advisory Comm TI Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Review ID POSTOPERATIVE WOUND-INFECTION; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; OPEN-HEART-SURGERY; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; CORONARY-ARTERY BYPASS; READOUT BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; PERIOPERATIVE ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; MONTHLY PHYSICIAN QUESTIONNAIRES AB The "Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999" presents the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s recommendations for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs), formerly called surgical wound infections. This two-part guideline updates and replaces previous guidelines.(1,2) Part I, "Surgical Site Infection: An Overview," describes the epidemiology, definitions, microbiology, pathogenesis, and surveillance of SSIs. Included is a detailed discussion of the pre-, intra-, and postoperative issues relevant to SSI genesis. Part II, "Recommendations for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection," represents the consensus of: the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) regarding strategies for the prevention of SSIs.(3) Whenever possible, the recommendations in Part II are based on data from well-designed scientific studies. However, there are a limited number of studies that clearly validate risk factors and prevention measures for SSI. By necessity, available studies have often been conducted in narrowly defined patient populations or for specific kinds of operations, making generalization of their findings to all specialties and types of operations potentially problematic. This is especially true regarding the implementation of SSI prevention measures. Finally, some of the infection control practices routinely used by surgical teams cannot be rigorously studied for ethical or logistical reasons (e.g., wearing vs not wearing gloves). Thus, some of the recommendations in Part II are based on a strong theoretical rationale and suggestive evidence in the absence of confirmatory scientific knowledge. It has been estimated that approximately 75% of all operations in the United States will be performed in "ambulatory," "same-day," or "outpatient" operating rooms by the turn of the century.(4) In recommending various SSI prevention methods, this document makes no distinction between surgical care delivered in such settings and that provided in conventional inpatient operating rooms. This document is primarily intended for use by surgeons, operating room nurses, postoperative inpatient and clinic nurses, infection control professionals, anesthesiologists, healthcare epidemiologists, and other personnel directly responsible for the prevention of nosocomial infections. This document does not: Specifically address issues unique to burns, trauma, transplant procedures, or transmission of bloodborne pathogens from healthcare worker to patient, nor does it specifically address details of SSI prevention in pediatric surgical practice. It has been recently shown in a multicenter study of pediatric surgical patients that characteristics related to the operations are more important than those related to the physiologic status of the patients.(5) In general, all SSI prevention measures effective in adult surgical care are indicated in pediatric surgical care. Specifically address procedures performed outside of the operating room (e.g., endoscopic procedures), nor does it provide guidance for infection prevention for invasive procedures such as cardiac catheterization or interventional radiology. Nonetheless, it is likely that many SSI prevention strategies also could be applied or adapted to reduce infectious complications associated with these procedures. Specifically recommend SSI prevention methods unique to minimally invasive operations (i.e., laparoscopic surgery). Available SSI surveillance data indicate that laparoscopic operations generally have a lower or comparable SSI risk when contrasted to open operations.(6-11) SSI prevention measures applicable in open operations (e.g., open cholecystectomy) are indicated for their laparoscopic counterparts (e.g., laparoscopic cholecystectomy). Recommend specific antiseptic agents for patient preoperative skin preparations or for healthcare worker hand/forearm antisepsis. Hospitals should choose from products recommended for these activities in the latest Food and Drug Administration (FDA) monograph.(12) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mangram, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 515 TC 1002 Z9 1063 U1 9 U2 92 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 97 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(99)70088-X PG 36 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 186AY UT WOS:000079705600006 PM 10196487 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Haddix, AC Teutsch, SM Caldwell, B AF Wang, LY Haddix, AC Teutsch, SM Caldwell, B TI The role of resource allocation models in selecting clinical preventive services SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CANCER; HEALTH; VACCINATION AB Objective: To demonstrate the potential value and current limitations of using resource allocation models for selecting health services. Design: To identify the most efficient mix of preventive services that could be offered by a managed care organization (MCO) for a fixed budget, an optimization model (greatest number of life years saved) and a cost-effectiveness model (rank order of most to least cost effective) were developed. Because of the lack of cost-effectiveness analyses that met the study criteria, only 9 preventive services were selected to demonstrate each model. Patients and Methods: The 2 models were applied to a hypothetical managed care population of 100,000 enrollees with age, sex, and risk distribution similar to that of the US population. Data for the input variables were obtained from cost-effectiveness studies of 9 preventive services. Model variables included the target population, percent of enrollees who received the preventive service, the cost of the preventive service, life years saved, and cost-effectiveness ratios. Results: The models demonstrated that efficient allocation of finite resources can be achieved. When budgets are limited, different premises between the 2 models may yield different health consequences. However, as the budgets were increased, results from the 2 models were more closely aligned. Conclusions: Resource allocation models have the potential for assisting MCOs in selecting a set of preventive services that will maximize population health. Before this potential can be fully realized, additional methodological development and cost-effectiveness studies are needed. The use of resource allocation should be examined for selecting all healthcare services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DASH, Surveillance & Evalut Res Branch, NCCDPHP, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Outcomes Res & Management, W Point, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Program Planning & Evaluat, Off Managed Care, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DASH, Surveillance & Evalut Res Branch, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-33, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD APR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 445 EP 454 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 189DF UT WOS:000079888300004 PM 10387384 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Swinger, GL Craig, AS McNeil, MM Kaufman, L Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Swinger, GL Craig, AS McNeil, MM Kaufman, L Schaffner, W TI Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in bridge workers: A persistent problem SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 106 IS 4 BP 480 EP 482 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00044-3 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 188HE UT WOS:000079840100018 PM 10225254 ER PT J AU Riley, PL Kaplan, JP AF Riley, PL Kaplan, JP TI Prevention Research Centers - The academic and community partnership SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Riley, PL (reprint author), CDC, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Mail Stop E-30,4770 Bufford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 SU S BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 179CB UT WOS:000079305000002 PM 10198669 ER PT J AU Liang, AP Capper, SA Baker, EL AF Liang, AP Capper, SA Baker, EL TI Using case research to enhance linkages between academia and public health practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Acad Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Liang, AP (reprint author), Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Suite 204,1660 L St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 SU S BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 179CB UT WOS:000079305000005 PM 10198672 ER PT J AU Schulte, JM Moore, M Kistler, V Margraf, P Christman, R Valway, SE Onorato, IM Stader, B AF Schulte, JM Moore, M Kistler, V Margraf, P Christman, R Valway, SE Onorato, IM Stader, B TI Tuberculosis screening in private physicians' offices, Pennsylvania, 1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE TB skin testing; tuberculosis; screening; pediatric patients ID SKIN-TEST AB Objective: To assess tuberculin skin testing practices of physicians after community-wide screening of 1400 children exposed to a pediatrician with active tuberculosis (TB), Design: A self-administered questionnaire. Setting: Medium-sized city in eastern Pennsylvania, Participants: Pediatricians and family practitioners seeing pediatric patients. Main Percentages of physicians who followed published recommendations for placement and Outcome reading of TB skin tests published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Measures: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: Questionnaires were completed by 60/80 (75%) physicians. The 60 physicians had practiced a mean of 17 years (range 3-38 years), and only one did not do TB skin testing for pediatric patients. The 59 physicians doing TB skill testing reported routinely Conclusion: tuberculin testing more than 900 children per month. Only 8/59 (14) physicians followed published guidelines for placement and reading of tuberculin tests. Those physicians screened 158 (17%) of the pediatric patients undergoing TB skin testing in a typical month. In this community where a highly publicized TB case prompted massive pediatric screening, most physicians seeing children in private practice do not follow standard TB skin testing guidelines. Increased understanding of how private practice physicians learn about and decide to use recommended standards are needed if tuberculin tests are to be correctly performed and TB appropriately diagnosed. (C) 1999 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bur Hlth, Allentown, PA USA. Sacred Heart Hosp, Allentown, PA USA. RP Schulte, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS-E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00155-X PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 177UL UT WOS:000079229400003 PM 10198655 ER PT J AU Zhu, SH Sun, JC Billings, SC Choi, WS Malarcher, A AF Zhu, SH Sun, JC Billings, SC Choi, WS Malarcher, A TI Predictors of smoking cessation in US adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smoking cessation; adolescent behavior; depression; smoking; risk factors ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SELF-EFFICACY; DEPRESSION; SMOKERS; RELAPSE; QUIT; ABSTINENCE; SYMPTOMS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Objective: To identify factors that predict quitting among adolescent smokers. Methods: Adolescent smokers aged 12-19 years (N = 633) from the national Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey I (1989), were followed up in the Teenage Attitudes and Practices Sun ey II (1993). Multiple logistic regression was applied to identify the predictors of quitting. Results: A total of 15.6% of adolescent smokers had quit smoking at the follow-up survey four years later. There was no significant difference in the quit rate by age, gender, or ethnicity. Five baseline factors were identified in a multivariate analysis as significant predictors of quitting: frequency of smoking, length of past quit attempts, self-estimation of likelihood of continuing smoking, mother's smoking status, and depressive symptoms. The more risk factors the adolescents had, the less likely they would succeed in quitting. Conclusions: Quitting smoking by adolescents is influenced by multiple biological, behavioral, and psychosocial variables. Identifying these variables can help tailor cessation programs to more effectively help adolescents quit smoking. (C) 1999 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zhu, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mail Code 0905,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Choi, Won/G-7441-2015 OI Choi, Won/0000-0002-5634-844X FU NCI NIH HHS [5 P01-CA72092] NR 47 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 9 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00157-3 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 177UL UT WOS:000079229400007 PM 10198659 ER PT J AU Castles, A Adams, EK Melvin, CL Kelsch, C Boulton, ML AF Castles, A Adams, EK Melvin, CL Kelsch, C Boulton, ML TI Effects of smoking during pregnancy - Five meta-analyses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE placental complications; ectopic pregnancy; PPROM; pre-eclampsia; smoking ID PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE; MATERNAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE; TUBAL PREGNANCY; FETAL MEMBRANES; PREECLAMPSIA; PREVIA; HYPERTENSION AB Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate, using meta-analysis, pooled odds ratios for the effects of smoking on five pregnancy complications: placenta previa, abruptio placenta, ectopic pregnancy, preterm premature rupture of the membrane (PPROM), and preeclampsia. Methods: Published articles were identified through computer search and literature review. Five criteria were applied to those studies initially identified to determine tl-lose eligible for the meta-analysis. A random effects model was applied to derive pooled odds ratios for the eligible studies for each pregnancy complication. Meta-analyses were repeated on subsets of the studies to confirm the overall results. Results: Smoking Tvas found to be strongly associated with an elevated risk of placenta previa, abruptio placenta, ectopic pregnancy and PPROM, and a decreased risk of pre-eclampsia. All pooled odds ratios were statistically significant. The pooled ratios ranged from 1.58 for placenta previa to 1.77 for ectopic pregnancy. The pooled odds ratio for pre-eclampsia was 0.51 and all subset analyses confirmed this seemingly protective effect. Conclusion: Smoking during pregnancy is a significant and preventable factor affecting ectopic pregnancy, placental abruption, placenta previa, and PPROM. The findings of smoking's apparently protective effect on pre-eclampsia should be balanced with these harmful effects. In addition, the biological linkage between smoking and pre-eclampsia is not yet well understood. Pregnant women should be advised to stop smoking in order to reduce the overall risk of pregnancy complications as well as any risk of adverse impact on the unborn child. (C) 1999 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Pacific Business Grp Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Adams, EK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 48 TC 198 Z9 202 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 208 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00089-0 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 177UL UT WOS:000079229400008 PM 10198660 ER PT J AU Altekruse, SF Yang, S Timbo, BB Angulo, FJ AF Altekruse, SF Yang, S Timbo, BB Angulo, FJ TI A multi-state survey of consumer food-handling and food-consumption practices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE food poisoning; behavior; demography ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; RAW-MILK; INFECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; KNOWLEDGE; DISEASE; SAFETY AB Introduction: In the United States, foodborne infections cause an estimated 6.5-33 million illnesses a year. Also included in the burden of foodborne illnesses are sequelae such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and reactive arthritis. Surveillance for risky food-handling and food-consumption practices can be used to identify high-risk populations, develop educational efforts, and evaluate progress toward risk reduction. Design: In 1995 and 1996, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System interviews of 19,356 adults ill eight states (1995: Colorado, Florida, Missouri, New York, and Tennessee; 1996: Indiana, New Jersey, and South Dakota) included questions related to food-handling and/or food-consumption practices. Risky food-handling and food-consumption practices were not uncommon. Overall, 19% of respondents did not adequately wash hands or cutting boards after contact with raw meat or chicken. During the previous year, 20% ate pink hamburgers, 50% ate undercooked eggs, 8% ate raw oysters, and 1% drank I alv milli. Men were more likely to report risky practices than women. The prevalence of most risky behaviors increased with increasing socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Targeted education efforts may reduce the frequency of these behaviors. Periodic surveillance call be used to assess effectiveness. In addition to consumer education, prevention efforts are needed throughout the food chain including on the farm, in processing, distribution, and at retail. (C) 1999 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, FDDB A38, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Assessment & Support, Div Market Studies,Epidemiol Branch HFS728, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, FDDB A38, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00099-3 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 177UL UT WOS:000079229400009 PM 10198661 ER PT J AU Southwick, KL Guidry, HM Weldon, MM Mertz, KJ Berman, SM Levine, WC AF Southwick, KL Guidry, HM Weldon, MM Mertz, KJ Berman, SM Levine, WC TI An epidemic of congenital syphilis in Jefferson County, Texas, 1994-1995. Inadequate prenatal syphilis testing after an outbreak in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 National STD Prevention Conference CY DEC, 1996 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID INFECTION; FLORIDA; WOMEN; CITY AB Objectives. After a syphilis epidemic in Jefferson County, Texas, in 1993 and 1994, congenital syphilis prevalence and risk factors were determined and local prenatal syphilis screening practices were assessed. Methods. Medical records were reviewed, pregnant women with syphilis were interviewed, and prenatal care providers were surveyed. Results. Of 91 women, 59 (65%) had infants with congenital syphilis. Among African Americans, the prevalence per 1000 live births was 24.1 in 1994 and 17.9 in 1995. Of the 50 women with at least 2 prenatal care visits who had infants with congenital syphilis, 15 (30%) had received inadequate testing. Only 16% of 31 providers obtained an early third-trimester syphilis test on all patients. Conclusions. Inadequate prenatal testing contributed to this outbreak of congenital syphilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. City Beaumont Publ Hlth Dept, Beaumont, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Field Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Southwick, KL (reprint author), N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 29601, Raleigh, NC 27626 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 4 BP 557 EP 560 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.4.557 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180HH UT WOS:000079379700019 PM 10191801 ER PT J AU Marks, S Nguyen, C Qualls, N Taylor, Z AF Marks, S Nguyen, C Qualls, N Taylor, Z TI Directly observed therapy for tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, REB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, REB, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 4 BP 600 EP 600 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.4.600 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180HH UT WOS:000079379700031 PM 10191813 ER PT J AU Bloch, AB AF Bloch, AB TI Directly observed therapy and tuberculosis treatment completion - Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bloch, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Mailstop F-42, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 4 BP 602 EP 603 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.4.602 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180HH UT WOS:000079379700034 PM 10191815 ER PT J AU Jereb, JA Simone, PM Onorato, IM AF Jereb, JA Simone, PM Onorato, IM TI Directly observed therapy and tuberculosis treatment completion - Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Field Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jereb, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstsop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxj4@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 4 BP 603 EP 604 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.4.603 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180HH UT WOS:000079379700035 PM 10191816 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Nace, EK Freeman, AR Streit, TG Da Silva, AJ Lammie, PJ AF Eberhard, ML Nace, EK Freeman, AR Streit, TG Da Silva, AJ Lammie, PJ TI Cyclospora cayetanensis infections in Haiti: A common occurrence in the absence of watery diarrhea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRAVELERS; HUMANS AB Stool samples from a population-based cohort of mothers and children living in Leogane, Haiti were tested for Cyclospora cayetanensis from January 1997 through January 1998. Data on gastrointestinal symptoms were also collected. During the winter months of January to March, the infection was detected in 15-20% of the persons sampled. Most infections did not appear tc, be causing diarrhea and most infected persons had few oocysts detectable in concentrates of stool. The infection appears to have marked seasonality, with highest rates during the driest and coolest time of the year. It may be that in this tropical setting, high summer temperature is the critical environmental factor that influences the seasonality of infection. This study demonstrates that Cyclospora infections in Haiti are common in the general population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 584 EP 586 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198TA UT WOS:000080439200017 PM 10348232 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Schmura, SM Weaver, SC Smith, JF AF Oberste, MS Schmura, SM Weaver, SC Smith, JF TI Geographic distribution of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE genotypes in Central America and Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CULEX MELANOCONION TAENIOPUS; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; IDENTIFICATION; GUATEMALA; STRAIN AB Phylogenetic analysis of 20 strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus subtype IE isolated from 1961 to 1996 in Mexico and throughout Central America showed that VEE virus subtype IE was monophyletic with respect to other VEE virus subtypes. Nonetheless, there were at least three distinct geographically separated VEE virus LE genotypes: northwestern Panama, Pacific coast (Mexico/Guatemala), and Gulf/Caribbean coast (Mexico/Belize). Strains from the Caribbean coast of Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua may cluster with the Gulf/Caribbean genotype, but additional isolates from the region between Guatemala and Panama will be required to firmly establish their phylogenetic position. Viruses associated with two separate equine epizootics in Mexico in the 1990s were phylogenetically related to nonepizootic viruses from neighboring Guatemala and may represent the emergence or re-emergence of equine-virulent VEE virus subtype IE in Middle America. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-17,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 630 EP 634 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198TA UT WOS:000080439200024 PM 10348239 ER PT J AU Bloland, PB Ruebush, TK McCormick, JB Ayisi, J Boriga, DA Oloo, AJ Beach, R Hawley, W Lal, A Nahlen, B Udhayakumar, V Campbell, CC AF Bloland, PB Ruebush, TK McCormick, JB Ayisi, J Boriga, DA Oloo, AJ Beach, R Hawley, W Lal, A Nahlen, B Udhayakumar, V Campbell, CC TI Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission I. Description of study site, general methodology, and study population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HOLOENDEMIC AREA; WESTERN KENYA; INFANTS; THALASSEMIA; PROTECTION; COMMUNITY; ANTIGENS; VACCINES AB A large-scale longitudinal cohort project was initiated in western Kenya in June 1992. The primary purpose of the project was to study Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a highly endemic area using a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, which included epidemiology, entomology, and immunology. Between June 1992 and July 1994, pregnant women living in 15 rural villages were identified during a monthly census and 1,164 were enrolled. The women were followed-up throughout their pregnancy and they, along with their newborn infants and direct siblings of the infants' less than 15 years of age, were monitored over time. As of May 1995, 1,017 infants had been born to these women. This paper presents the design and general methodology used in this study and describes the initial experience with intense monitoring of a large population over a prolonged period. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Bloland, PB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 635 EP 640 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198TA UT WOS:000080439200025 PM 10348240 ER PT J AU Bloland, PB Boriga, DA Ruebush, TK McCormick, JB Roberts, JM Oloo, AJ Hawley, W Lal, A Nahlen, B Campbell, CC AF Bloland, PB Boriga, DA Ruebush, TK McCormick, JB Roberts, JM Oloo, AJ Hawley, W Lal, A Nahlen, B Campbell, CC TI Longitudinal cohort study of the epidemiology of malaria infections in an area of intense malaria transmission II. Descriptive epidemiology of malaria infection and disease among children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED BED NETS; EFFICACY; VACCINE; TRIAL; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; TANZANIA; DESIGN; SPF66 AB A large-scale longitudinal cohort project was initiated in western Kenya in June 1992. Between June 1992 and July 1994, 1,848 children less than 15 years of age were monitored prospectively for a mean of 236 days. During this period, 12,035 blood smears were examined for malaria and only 34% were found to be negative. Parasite prevalence (all species) decreased with age (from a high of 83% among children 1-4 years old to 60% among children 10-14 years old). Even more dramatic decreases were noted in the prevalence of high density falciparum infection (from 37% among children 12-23 months old to <1% among 10-14-year-old children) and in clinical malaria (20% to 0.3% in the same age groups). Children <1 year of age accounted for 55% of all cases of anemia detected. Anemia was consistently associated with high density infection in children <10 years of age (20% to 210% increased risk relative to aparasitemic children). These results demonstrate the relationship between high-density malaria infection and two clinical manifestations of malarial illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Bloland, PB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 641 EP 648 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198TA UT WOS:000080439200026 PM 10348241 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Patterson, PS Yang, CF Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Patterson, PS Yang, CF Lal, AA TI Role of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of murine cerebral malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PARASITIZED ERYTHROCYTES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; NITRIC-OXIDE; MICE; SEQUESTRATION; PATHOLOGY; PROSTACYCLIN; SUPPRESSION AB Because microvascular damage is a common feature of cerebral malaria, we have examined the role eicosanoid metabolites (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) in experimental cerebral malaria. Eighty ICR mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, with 40 uninfected mice as controls. Half of the infected mice were treated on days 4 and 5 with aspirin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. Infected mice started to die of cerebral malaria on day 6, and by day 17, all infected mice died. In contrast, all infected mice treated with aspirin died by day 12. Infected mice had increased phospholipase A2 mRNA expression in the spleen and cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) and COX2 expression in the brain. At the peak of cerebral malaria, infected mice had higher serum leukotriene B4 levels than control mice, and aspirin-treated infected mice had higher serum leukotriene B4 levels than untreated infected mice. These results suggest that prostaglandins are protective whereas leukotrienes are detrimental in cerebral malaria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 668 EP 673 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198TA UT WOS:000080439200031 PM 10348246 ER PT J AU Norris, DE Johnson, BJB Piesman, J Maupin, GO Clark, JL Black, WC AF Norris, DE Johnson, BJB Piesman, J Maupin, GO Clark, JL Black, WC TI Population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of Colorado Borrelia burgdorferi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; LYME-DISEASE AGENT; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ENZOOTIC CYCLE; SENSU-STRICTO; HARD-TICK; SP-NOV; PROTEIN AB Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted in an enzootic cycle in Colorado between the tick Ixodes spinipalpis and the woodrat Neotoma mexicana. The genetic relationship of Colorado isolates to other B. burgdorferi isolates is unknown nor have relationships among various Colorado isolates been determined. Portions of the flagellin (fla), 66-kD protein, and outer surface protein A (ospA) genes were amplified from 71 Colorado isolates, screened for genetic variability using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and unique alleles were sequenced. Colorado isolates were most similar to tick isolates from California and New York isolate 25015. Genetic distances among Colorado ospA sequences were the same or higher than distances among other isolates whereas distances among fla sequences tended to be the same or lower. The index of association (I-A) was calculated among all loci as a measure of clonality. The I-A among Colorado isolates was similar to I-A previously estimated among other United States isolates. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Black, WC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 699 EP 707 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 198TA UT WOS:000080439200036 PM 10348251 ER PT J AU Song, SQ Ashley, DL AF Song, SQ Ashley, DL TI Supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry for the analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarettes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-NITROSAMINES; BURLEY TOBACCO; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SMOKE; N'-NITROSONORNICOTINE; NITRATE; SNUFF AB A method for measuring four tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), an important group of compounds in tobacco products, was developed: These compounds were extracted using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and purified by a sodium hydroxide wash of the ethyl acetate eluting solvent and solid-phase extraction. Quantitation was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Spiking experiments were carried out to determine the recovery, precision, and limits of detection of this method. The detection limits were 0.04 mu g per sample for N '-nitrosonornicotine and N '-nitrosoanatabine and 0.02 mu g for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and N'-nitrosoanabine. This method was used to measure TSNAs in various brands of cigarette tobacco with excellent reproducibility. The variation of TSNA levels among the cigarettes of different packs and types was significantly smaller than that among different brands, Comparable TSNA levels were obtained with SFE and liquid extraction methods. Signal to-noise levels were similar for GC/MS and GC/thermal energy analysis when low-level tobacco samples were analyzed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Song, SQ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1303 EP 1308 DI 10.1021/ac9810821 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 184DE UT WOS:000079593900020 PM 10204036 ER PT J AU Nkhoma, WAC Nwanyanwu, OC Ziba, CC Kazembe, PN Krogstad, D Wirima, JJ Steketee, RW AF Nkhoma, WAC Nwanyanwu, OC Ziba, CC Kazembe, PN Krogstad, D Wirima, JJ Steketee, RW TI Cerebral malaria in Malawian children hospitalized with Plasmodium falciparum infection SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEVERE CHILDHOOD MALARIA; AFRICAN CHILDREN; 2 AREAS; MORTALITY AB A hospital-based, prospective study was undertaken at Mangochi District Hospital (MDH) and Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Malawi. The malaria-transmission patterns in the catchment areas of these two hospitals are very different, transmission being continuous around MDH and seasonal, occurring mostly during the rainy season, around KCH. The main purpose of the study was to determine and compare the prevalences of cerebral malaria (CM) among young, hospitalized children (aged < 5 years) at both sites. Among 8600 of such children admitted to the two hospitals, the overall prevalence of CM was 2.3% (2.2% at KCH and 2.5% at MDH). The prevalences of Chi on admission were similar at the two sites during the rainy season (at 3.2%), but the prevalence at MDH during the dry season was statistically higher than that at KCH over the same period (2.1% v. 1.0%; P = 0.0078). A nearly significant difference was noted between the two sites in the prevalences of parasitaemia on admission (11.9% at KCH v. 9.2% at MDH; P = 0.07), and of severe malarial anaemia (SMA) on admission (5.4% at KCH v. 4.2% at MDH; P = 0.06). No inter-site differences were noted in the prevalences of Chi or SMA when analysed by mean age, weight, haemoglobin, body temperature, weight-for-age Z-scores, duration of hospitalization, or proportion with high parasite score on admission. These findings differ from those by researchers in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa, where the prevalence of CM has been found to be higher in areas with seasonal transmission patterns. It appears that the epidemiology of CM can differ within the same country, with location and season. Whenever possible, therefore, plans to control CM in any sub-Saharan country should be based on locally generated data. C1 Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe 3, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi. RP Nwanyanwu, OC (reprint author), USAID Mission Mozambique, 107 Rua Faria Sousa,Caixa Postal 783, Maputo, Mozambique. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 93 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 204ZK UT WOS:000080796400003 PM 10562824 ER PT J AU Sanchez, AL Lindback, J Schantz, PM Sone, M Sakai, H Medina, MT Ljungstrom, I AF Sanchez, AL Lindback, J Schantz, PM Sone, M Sakai, H Medina, MT Ljungstrom, I TI A population-based, case-control study of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; RURAL GUATEMALAN COMMUNITIES; COPROANTIGEN DETECTION; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; HONDURAS; VILLAGE; HUMANS; MEXICO AB A two-phase study was conducted in a rural community in Honduras, to evaluate the association between neurocysticercosis (NCC) diagnosed by computed tomography (CT), epilepsy, seropositivity for antibodies to the cysticerci of Taenia solium [determined by enzyme-linked-immunoelectrotransfer-blot (EITB) assays], intestinal infection with this parasite, and various epidemiological factors. Of the 480 individuals studied in the first phase, 17% were seropositive and 2.5% supplied faecal samples which contained T. solium eggs. In the second phase, 148 individuals (74 of the seropositive subjects from the first phase and 74 matched controls from the seronegatives) underwent CT and neurological examinations. The CT results appeared normal in 110 (74%) of the 148, showed anatomical abnormality in seven (5%), and active or calcified lesions compatible with NCC in 31 (23% of the seropositives and 19% of the seronegatives). Only five of the latter had neurological symptoms (two being epileptics) and only five lived in households in which intestinal taeniasis had been detected. Subject age was significantly associated with NCC-compatible lesions but all the other factors investigated, including seropositivity, showed no significant association with the CT findings. The overall sensitivity of the EITB assays was found to be 55%, Taken together, the present results indicate that, even though it is a valuable tool in determining transmission levels in sero-epidemiological studies, the EITB assay should not be used to predict the existance of NCC or to estimate the prevalence of NCC. The results do provide further evidence that taeniasis and cysticercosis are widely prevalent in Honduras, and indicate that much larger studies of hyper-endemic communities may be necessary if the factors associated with the transmission of T. solium are to be elucidated. C1 Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Parasitol, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. Univ Nacl Autonoma Honduras, Dept Microbiol, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Karolinska Inst, Tumor Biol Ctr, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Epidemiol, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Shizuoka Swine & Poultry Res Stn, Shizuoka, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Parasitol Lab, Dept Dis Control, Grad Sch Vet Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Univ Nacl Autonoma Honduras, Dirrec Estudios Posgrado, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Sanchez, AL (reprint author), Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Parasitol, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. NR 38 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 93 IS 3 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 204ZK UT WOS:000080796400005 PM 10562826 ER PT J AU Bornay-Llinares, FJ da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Myjak, P Pietkiewicz, H Kruminis-Lozowska, W Graczyk, TK Pieniazek, NJ AF Bornay-Llinares, FJ da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Myjak, P Pietkiewicz, H Kruminis-Lozowska, W Graczyk, TK Pieniazek, NJ TI Identification of Cryptosporidium felis in a cow by morphologic and molecular methods SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC CATS; PARVUM; PCR; OOCYSTS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; ASSAY AB Apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parasites infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, While some species are limited to a single host group, such as Cryptosporidium baileyi, which infects chickens, other species of this genus, such as C, parvum, infect a wide range of mammalian species from mice to humans. During an investigation of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle on a farm in northern Poland, we identified an infection caused by C. felis, in addition to known infections with C. muris and C, parvum. This new infection was identified based on the size of the oocysts (mean size, 4.3 +/- 0.4 mu m; range, 3.5 to 5.0 mu m), as well as by analysis of the molecular sequence of the variable region of the small-subunit rRNA. This finding demonstrates the complex host specificity and circulation in the environment of Cryptosporidium species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Div Microbiol & Parasitol, Alicante, Spain. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Ctr Bioingn, Alicante, Spain. Inst Maritime & Trop Med, Dept Trop Parasitol, Gdynia, Poland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Pieniazek, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Mail Stop F-13,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1455 EP 1458 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 183AE UT WOS:000079530000014 PM 10103236 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Escalante, L Yang, CF Sulaiman, I Escalante, AA Montali, RJ Fayer, R Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Escalante, L Yang, CF Sulaiman, I Escalante, AA Montali, RJ Fayer, R Lal, AA TI Phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rRNA gene locus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; OOCYST WALL; PARVUM; APICOMPLEXA; SEQUENCE; RESTRICTION; BOVINE AB Biological data support the hypothesis that there are multiple species in the genus Cryptosporidium, but a recent analysis of the available genetic data suggested that there is insufficient evidence for species differentiation. In order to resolve the controversy in the taxonomy of this parasite genus, we characterized the small-subunit rRNA genes of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium baileyi, Cryptosporinium muris, and Cryptosporidium serpentis and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Cryptosporidium. Our study revealed that the genus Cryptosporidium contains the phylogenetically distinct species C. parvum, C. muris, C. baileyi, and C. serpentis, which is consistent with the biological characteristics and host specificity data. The Cryptosporidium species formed two clades, with C. parvum and C. baileyi belonging to one clade and C. muris and C. serpentis belonging to the other clade. Within C. parvum, human genotype isolates and guinea pig isolates (known as Cryptosporidium wrairi) each differed from bovine genotype isolates by the nucleotide sequence in four regions, A C. muris isolate from cattle was also different from parasites isolated from a rock hyrax and a Bactrian camel. Minor differences were also detected between C. serpentis isolates from snakes and lizards. Based on the genetic information, a species- and strain-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism diagnostic tool was developed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas, Venezuela. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. ARS, Parasite Immunobiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM aall@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 41 TC 396 Z9 444 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1578 EP 1583 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 183AE UT WOS:000079530000031 PM 10103253 ER PT J AU Burt, S Punnett, L AF Burt, S Punnett, L TI Evaluation of interrater reliability for posture observations in a field study SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE posture observations; field studies; reliability ID CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; NONNEUTRAL TRUNK POSTURES; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS; WEIGHTED KAPPA; HIGH AGREEMENT; WORK POSTURES; LOAD; EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB This paper examines the interrater reliability of a quantitative observational method of assessing non-neutral postures required by work tasks. Two observers independently evaluated 70 jobs in an automotive manufacturing facility, using a procedure that included observations of 18 postures of the upper extremities and back. Interrater reliability was evaluated using percent agreement, kappa, intraclass correlation coefficients and generalized linear mixed modeling. Interrater agreement ranged from 26% for right shoulder elevation to 99 for left wrist flexion, but agreement was at best moderate when using kappa. Percent agreement is an inadequate measure, because it does not account for chance, and can lead to inflated measures of reliability. The use of more appropriate statistical methods may lead to greater insight into sources of variability in reliability and validity studies and may help to develop more effective ergonomic exposure assessment methods. Interrater reliability was acceptable for some of the postural observations in this study. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Lowell, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Burt, S (reprint author), US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 58 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD APR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 2 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0003-6870(98)00007-6 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 167ZQ UT WOS:000078665800003 PM 10098805 ER PT J AU Krauss, BJ Wolitski, RJ Tross, S Corby, NH Fishbein, M AF Krauss, BJ Wolitski, RJ Tross, S Corby, NH Fishbein, M TI Getting the message: HIV information sources of women who have sex with injecting drug users - A two-site study SO APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PROMOTION; RISK; AIDS AB Women who are the sex partners of injecting drug users (IDUs) are at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). We conducted interviews with 325 female sex partners (FSPs) of male IDUs in New York City and Long Beach, California to assess: FSPs' source of HIV information: attitudes and beliefs regarding the disease and condom use; and risk-related behaviours. Most (90%) had received information about HIV from one or more sources in the past three months. Interpersonal sources (e.g. friends, health care providers; 71%) were mentioned more frequently than mass (57%) or small media sources (e.g. brochures, pamphlets; 65%). Exposure to HIV information was significantly related to city and Drier history of injection drug use. FSPs generally held favourable attitudes towards condom use and they possessed basic knowledge of HIV transmission. Despite this, only 35% reported using condoms with their drug-injecting partner. Significant relationships between subject characteristics or recent exposure to HIV information were found for HIV knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and being tested for HIV. Implications of these findings for HIV risk reduction programmes are discussed. C1 NDRI Inc, Two World Trade Ctr, New York, NY 10048 USA. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Krauss, BJ (reprint author), NDRI Inc, Two World Trade Ctr, 16th Floor, New York, NY 10048 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-994X J9 APPL PSYCHOL-INT REV JI Appl. Psychol.-Int. Rev.-Psychol. Appl.-Rev. Int. PD APR PY 1999 VL 48 IS 2 BP 153 EP 173 PG 21 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 200JH UT WOS:000080535900005 PM 12295351 ER PT J AU Schillinger, JA Grosclaude, PC Honjo, S Quinn, MJ Sloggett, A Coleman, MP AF Schillinger, JA Grosclaude, PC Honjo, S Quinn, MJ Sloggett, A Coleman, MP TI Survival after acute lymphocytic leukaemia: effects of socioeconomic status and geographic region SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article DE acute lymphocytic leukaemia; survival; socioeconomic status; regional variation; England and Wales ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; CANCER-PATIENT SURVIVAL; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; SOCIAL-CLASS; DEPRIVATION; CHILDREN AB National cancer registry data, linked to an areal measure of material deprivation, were used to explore possible socioeconomic and regional variation in the surivival of children (0-14 years) diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) in England and Wales from 1971 to 1990. Survival analysis and Poisson regression were used to estimate observed (crude) survival probabilities and the adjusted hazard of death. There was little evidence of a socioeconomic gradient in survival. Regional differences in survival were observed over time. These differences were most pronounced in the first six months after diagnosis, and may be attributable to differential access to centralised paediatric oncology services or treatment protocols, or to the artefact of variations in regional cancer registry practice. Similar analyses should be repeated for other, less treatable childhood,cancers. The results of this study can be used to help identify ways of reducing regional variation in survival. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Canc & Publ Hlth Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Populat Studies, London WC1E 7HT, England. Tarn Canc Registry, F-81000 Albi, France. Natl Def Med Coll, Tokorozawa, Saitama 3598513, Japan. Off Natl Stat, London SW1V 2QQ, England. RP Schillinger, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Grosclaude, Pascale/B-6079-2015; OI Coleman, Michel/0000-0001-8940-3807 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD APR PY 1999 VL 80 IS 4 BP 311 EP 317 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 181RQ UT WOS:000079456400004 PM 10086933 ER PT J AU Meenan, RF Callahan, LF Helmick, CG AF Meenan, RF Callahan, LF Helmick, CG TI The National Arthritis Action Plan: A public health strategy for a looming epidemic SO ARTHRITIS CARE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meenan, RF (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 80 E Concord St,A 207, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-7524 J9 ARTHRIT CARE RES JI Arthritis Care Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 79 EP 81 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(199904)12:2<79::AID-ART1>3.3.CO;2-I PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 184NF UT WOS:000079617700001 PM 10513494 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Evans, AJ Sedgwick, PM Acheampong, JW AF Lawn, SD Evans, AJ Sedgwick, PM Acheampong, JW TI Pulmonary tuberculosis: radiological features in west Africans coinfected with HIV SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; RADIOGRAPHIC PRESENTATION; POSITIVE PATIENTS; INFECTION; APPEARANCE; IMPACT; ADULTS AB A retrospective study was performed to document and compare the radiological appearances of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in groups of West African patients with (n=86) and without (n=106) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Analysis of chest radiographs showed that the HIV-positive group had less consolidation (mean 3.1 zones vs 3.7 zones;p<0.05), less apical involvement (64.0% vs 85.5%; p<0.001), less bronchopulmonary spread (27.9% vs 58.5%; p<0.001), less volume loss (53.5% vs 76.4%; p<0.001) and less pleural thickening (46.5% vs 61.3%; p<0.05) compared with the HIV-negative group. However, HIV-positive patients more commonly had pleural effusions (17.4% vs 6.6%; p<0.05) and lymphadenopathy (9.3% vs 1.9%; p<0.05). Previous studies on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa have focused either on selected patient groups likely to have more advanced immunosuppression or on smear-positive cases only, or where there has been only limited radiological documentation. This study suggests that the highly significant differences that exist may not be as frequent as previously shown. The lower frequencies of bronchopulmonary pattern of consolidation and pleural thickening in HIV-positive subjects have not previously been documented. The possible reasons for the altered radiographic appearance of PTB in HIV positive subjects are discussed. C1 Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Med Sci, Dept Med, Kumasi, Ghana. St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England. City Hosp Nottingham, NHS Trust, Dept Radiol, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH INST RADIOLOGY PI LONDON PA 36 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 4AT, ENGLAND SN 0007-1285 J9 BRIT J RADIOL JI Br. J. Radiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 72 IS 856 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 189GM UT WOS:000079896500004 PM 10474493 ER PT J AU Lipman, HB Astles, JR AF Lipman, HB Astles, JR TI Estimating the linear analytic range SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE linear range; regression; correlation; estimation; Monte Carlo method ID ASSAY LINEARITY; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION AB Although many methods have been proposed to verify assay linearity, or to test for nonlinearity, there are few, if any, statistically sound methods to establish an assay's linear range. In this article, we propose a simple and statistically sound method for initially establishing an assay's linear range as a paradigm for standardization of manufacturers' claims of assay linearity. Simulations verify that the method outperforms using (Pearson's) coefficient of determination (r(2)) to estimate the linear range, consistently yielding estimates for the linear range which are more accurate. in addition, the method permits the addition of tolerance limits when a certain amount of nonlinearity is acceptable clinically. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lipman, HB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD APR PY 1999 VL 282 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0009-8981(98)00219-8 PG 20 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 195BB UT WOS:000080228300002 PM 10340431 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Cetron, MS AF Butler, JC Cetron, MS TI Pneumococcal drug resistance: The new "special enemy of old age" SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integrating Geriatrics into Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology CY AUG 05-10, 1997 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP Hartford Fdn ID TERM-CARE FACILITIES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; HIGH-RISK; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; NURSING-HOME; PENICILLIN AB Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of illness and death among the elderly. The recent emergence of drug-resistant strains has complicated selection of antimicrobial therapy for suspected pneumococcal infections, In some areas of North America, nearly 40% of pneumococcal isolates from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of persons greater than or equal to 65 ears old had reduced susceptibility to penicillin, Of all penicillin-resistant infections, >30% occur in persons greater than or equal to 65 years old. The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant pneumococci and recent outbreaks of pneumococcal disease in chronic care facilities emphasize the importance of efforts to prevent these infections in the elderly. Limiting selection for drug-resistant strains through judicious use of antimicrobial drugs and preventing invasive pneumococcal infections through increased use of pneumococcal vaccine form the foundation of these efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), CDC, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jcb3@cdc.gov NR 70 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 730 EP 735 DI 10.1086/515220 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 184KP UT WOS:000079611600008 PM 10825028 ER PT J AU Scott, JAG Hannington, A Marsh, K Hall, AJ AF Scott, JAG Hannington, A Marsh, K Hall, AJ TI Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in epidemiological studies: Evaluation in Kenyan adults of a serotype-specific urine latex agglutination assay SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases CY JUN 13-17, 1998 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK ID BACTERIAL-ANTIGEN DETECTION; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; OTITIS-MEDIA; BODY-FLUIDS; COUNTERIMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS; INFECTIONS; MENINGITIS; TESTS AB A serotype-specific tube lates agglutination assay for 10 pneumococcal serotypes was evaluated with use of urine samples from 72 Kenyan adults with pneumonia whose blood or lung aspirate cultures were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, 203 patients with pneumonia whose cultures were negative for S. pneumoniae, and 101 afebrile controls. Detection thresholds for purified capsular polysaccharide in normal urine ranged from 0.33 to 10 ng/mL. The sensitivity of the assay for the 10 pneumococcal serotypes was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.70) and was unaffected by human immunodeficiency vints seropositivity, prior antibiotic use, and bacteremic or nonbacteremic status but varied significantly by serotype. Of the pneumococci obtained by culture, 81% were of serotypes (1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 19, and 22) that were included in the antigen assay. Strong simultaneous agglutinations against two different serotypes were found in urine samples from two patients, The specificity of the assay was 0.98 (lower 95% confidence limit, 0.95), Subjective reading of agglutination results introduced variation in specificity that mag be inapparent if not formally measured. The assay extended the diagnostic yield in pneumococcal pneumonia by a factor of 2.2 (from 54 diagnoses established by blood culture to 119 established by both methods) and may therefore prove useful in reducing the sample size of epidemiological studies of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. C1 Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1, England. RP Scott, JAG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zhc3@cdc.gov FU Wellcome Trust NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 764 EP 769 DI 10.1086/515198 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 184KP UT WOS:000079611600016 PM 10825036 ER PT J AU Kaul, R McGeer, A Norrby-Teglund, A Kotb, M Schwartz, B O'Rourke, K Talbot, J Low, DE AF Kaul, R McGeer, A Norrby-Teglund, A Kotb, M Schwartz, B O'Rourke, K Talbot, J Low, DE CA Canadian Streptococcal Study Grp TI Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome - A comparative observational study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-22, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN-A; APACHE-II; T-CELLS; INFECTIONS; SUPERANTIGENS; ANTIBIOTICS; ASSOCIATION; ACTIVATION; ANTIBODIES AB Twenty-one consecutive patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) between December 1994 and April 1995 were treated with a median dose of 2 g of intravenous immunoglubulin (IVIG)/kg (cases) and were compared with 32 patients with streptococcal TSS between 1992 and 1995 who did not receive IVIG therapy (controls). The outcome measure was 30-day survival. Patient plasma was tested for its ability to inhibit T cell activation induced by the infecting strain. The proportion of cases with 30-day. survival was higher than that of the controls with 30-day survival (67% vs, 34%, respectively; P = .02), Multivariate analysis revealed that IVIG administration and a lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score were associated with survival; the odds ratio for survival associated with IVIG therapy was 8.1 (95% confidence inter, al, 1.6-45; P = .009). IVIG therapy enhanced the ability of patient plasma to neutralize bacterial mitogenicity and reduced T cell production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. IVIG may be an effective adjunctive therapy for streptococcal TSS, possibly because of its ability to neutralize bacterial exotoxins. C1 Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto Hosp, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. Natl Reference Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Memphis, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Low, DE (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, 600 Univ Ave,Room 1487, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. EM dlow@mtsinai.on.ca RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014; OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137; Cameron, Bill/0000-0002-0090-3539 NR 44 TC 242 Z9 250 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 800 EP 807 DI 10.1086/515199 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 184KP UT WOS:000079611600022 PM 10825042 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Craig, AS Paddock, CD McKechnie, DB Childs, JE Zaki, SR Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Craig, AS Paddock, CD McKechnie, DB Childs, JE Zaki, SR Schaffner, W TI Family cluster of Rocky Mountain spotted fever SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; TEXAS; DIAGNOSIS; TYPHUS; OHIO; AREA AB Soon after a patient from Tennessee died of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), several family members developed symptoms suggestive of the disease and were treated presumptively for RMSF. Fifty-four persons visiting the index patient's home were interviewed; serum samples were collected from 35, Three additional cases of RMSF were confirmed, all of which occurred in first-degree relatives. Time spent at the family home and going into the surrounding woods were significantly associated with developing antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii. Ticks were collected and examined for rickettsiae by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Because hyperendemic foci and family clusters of RMSF can occur, when a case is suspected clinicians should be vigilant for signs and symptoms consistent with R. rickettsii infection in other persons who may have been similarly exposed. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, 4th Floor,Cordell Hulll Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tjones4@mail.state.tn.us RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 88 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 853 EP 859 DI 10.1086/515213 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 184KP UT WOS:000079611600030 PM 10825050 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ Parkinson, AJ AF McMahon, BJ Parkinson, AJ TI Hepatitis B vaccination in persons with isolated hepatitis B core antibodies - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ANTIGEN; VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Artic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Artic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 932 EP 933 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 184KP UT WOS:000079611600060 ER PT J AU Breiman, RF Butler, JC McInnes, PM AF Breiman, RF Butler, JC McInnes, PM TI Vaccines to prevent respiratory infection: opportunities on the near and far horizon SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS RSV; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; GROUP-A; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB Illnesses caused by respiratory pathogens result in great loss of life, suffering and commitment of resources for treatment. That the suffering and loss of life can be prevented through immunization has already been clearly shown with existing vaccines, such as those for Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and influenza. The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens is making reliance on therapy more expensive and perhaps less successful, accentuating the need to focus on prevention. Although several effective vaccines to prevent respiratory infections currently exist, they are underutilized globally. Improvements in immunogenicity, efficacy, and ease of administration, and lowering the costs of some of the existing vaccines would augment the potential for prevention worldwide. The greatest opportunities for the prevention of respiratory infections will rest with vaccines that will become available in the future. Curr Opin Infect Dis 12:145-152. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, MS A-11,Bldg 1,Room B-72,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 97 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 208GZ UT WOS:000080983800007 PM 17035771 ER PT J AU Bray, GA Culbert, IW Champagne, CM Dawson, L Eberhardt, B Greenway, FL Guillory, FG Hebert, AA Jeffirs, ML Kennedy, BM Lovejoy, JC Morris, LH Melancon, LE Reed, L Perault, J Ryan, DH Sanford, DA Smith, KG Smith, LL St Amant, JA Tulley, RT Vicknair, PC Williamson, D Zachwieja, JJ Polonsky, KS Matulik, MJ Clarke, B DeSandre, C Ehrmann, DA Hilbrich, RM McNabb, WL Morrone, D Semenske, AR Stepp, KA Tobian, JA Watson, PG Caro, JF Goldstein, BJ Graziani, CM Kunkel, EJ Laine, CA Louis, DZ Smith, KA Spandirfer, J Yuen, EJ Goldberg, RB Rowe, P Calles, J Donahue, RP Florez, HJ Giannella, A O'Hara, P Prineas, R Haffner, SM Montez, MG Miettinen, H Mobley, CM Mykkanen, LA Hamman, RF Nash, PV Calonge, BN Hill, JO Jortberg, BT Regensteiner, JG Reusch, J Schiltz, CM Seagle, H VanDorsten, B Horton, ES Lawton, KE Arky, RA Bryant, M Burke, JP Caballero, E Callaphan, KM Ganda, OP Franklin, T Jackson, SD Jacobsen, AM Kula, LM Kocal, M Malloy, MA Nicosia, M Oldmixon, CF Pan, J Quitingon, M Rubtchinsky, S Seely, EW Schweizer, D Simonson, D Smith, F Solomon, CG Warram, J Kahn, SE Montgomery, BK Berger, M Boyko, EJ Fujimoto, WY Greenbaum, CJ Knopp, RH McCann, BS Lipkin, EW Nguyen, TT Palmer, JP Schwartz, RS Talbot-Lawson, C Wan, D Kitabchi, AE Murphy, ME Applegate, WB Bryer-Ash, M Frieson, SL Imseis, R Kennedy, CL Lambeth, HC Lichtermann, LC Oktaei, H O'Toole, ML Rutledge, LMK Sherman, AR Smith, CM Soberman, JE Williams-Cleaves, BJ Metzger, BE Johnson, MK Fitzgibbon, M Heard, D Johnson, CKH McPherson, D Molitch, ME Moore, M Pitts, T Schinleber, PA Nathan, DM McKitrick, C Abbott, K Anderson, E Cagliero, E Cohen, M Crowell, S Delahanty, L Levina, E Michel, T O'Keefe, J Poulos, A Ronan, L Rosal, M Salerno, M Shagensky, C Steiner, B Young, A Olefsky, JM Carrion-Petersen, ML Barrett-Connor, E Beltran, M Caenepeel, K Edelman, SV Ford, RO Garcia, J Henry, RR Hill, M Horne, J Leos, D Mudaliar, S Pollard, A Torio, J Pi-Sunyer, FX Lee, JE Allison, DB Aronoff, NJ Barreras, IM Crandall, JP Foo, ST Orlando, SJ Parkes, K Rooney, ES Van Wye, GEH Viscovich, KA Prince, MJ Kukman, SM Dotson, YF Fineberg, ES Guare, JC Ignaut, JM Jackson, MA Kirkman, MS Marrero, DG Porter, DB Rowland, ND Wheeler, ML Ratner, RE Youssef, G Bronsord, M Cheatham, WW Boggs, G Evans, C Levatan, C Kellum, T Nair, AK Passaro, MD Saad, MF Khan, A Aziz, A Bernaba, B Budgett, MD Cosenza, C Hagar, JE Isagholian, K Jinagouda, SD Kamdar, VV Kumar, D Khawaja, Q Kelada, BL Lui, G Marston, AR Mehta, V Sharma, AR Szamos, K Vargas, A Vargas, B Zambrana, N Dagogo-Jack, S Santiago, AE Brendle, JS Fisher, EB Gherardini, DC Heins, JM Marsala, JM Raspberry, CC Santiago, JV Stephan, CL Saudek, CD Bradley, VL Brancati, FL Cappelli, S Charleston, JB Rubin, RR Stewart, KJ Sullivan, E Schade, DS Adams, KS Atler, LF Bowling, DA Boyle, PJ Burge, MR Canady, JL Chai, L Dorin, RI Facio, E Guillen, M Gutierrez, M Johannes, C Katz, P King, C McCalman, R Rassam, A Senter, W Waters, D Shamoon, H Brown, JO Cox, L Duffy, H Engel, S Friedler, A Howard-Century, CJ Longchamp, N Pompi, D Walker, EA Wylie-Rosett, J Zonszein, J Wing, RR Kramer, MK Barr, S Clifford, L Culyba, R Frazier, M Harris, L Harrier, S Henderson, W Jeffries, S Koenning, G Maholic, K Mullen, M Noel, A Orchard, T Smith, CF Smith, M Viteri, J Wilson, T Williams, KV Zgibor, J Arakaki, RF Latimer, RW Baker-Ladao, NK Beddow, RM Dias, LM Dupont, DA Fukuhara, LL Mau, MK Odom, SK Perry, RU Tokunaga, JS Knowler, WC Hoskin, MA Andre, VL Acton, KJ Antone, S Baptisto, NM Bennett, PH Bird, EC Dacawyma, TS Hanson, RL Jackson, MC Jay, PA Kobus, KM Roumain, J Rowse, DH Roy, RJ Yazzie, M Cooeyate, NJ Chavez, M Broussard, BA Ghahate, JM Hughte, G Ingraham, LE Kaskalla, RS Kessler, D Nashboo, Y Poirier, S Percy, CA Barber, R Benson, MB Duncan, R Glass, M Gohdes, D Grant, W Horse, E Morgan, T Reidy, M Bain, R Bambad, J Brenneman, T Dunegan, C Edelstein, SL Grimes, KL Jones, S Jones, TL Klepac, H Lachin, JM Mucik, P Orlosky, R Rochon, J Stimpson, CE Van Aerden, C Eastman, R Garfield, S Harris, M Andres, R Engelgau, M Narayan, V Williamson, D Herman, W Chandler, WL Marcovina, SM McMillan, T Rautaharju, PM Rautaharju, FSR Mayer-Davis, EJ O'Leary, DH Funk, LRC O'Leary, KA Scherzinger, AL Stamm, ER Gillis, BP Kriska, AM Huffmyer, C Meier, A Venditti, EM Wing, RR Haffner, SM Ratner, RE Olefsky, JM Santiago, JV Saudek, CD Knowler, WC Montez, MG Fujimoto, WY Hamman, RF Nathan, DM AF Bray, GA Culbert, IW Champagne, CM Dawson, L Eberhardt, B Greenway, FL Guillory, FG Hebert, AA Jeffirs, ML Kennedy, BM Lovejoy, JC Morris, LH Melancon, LE Reed, L Perault, J Ryan, DH Sanford, DA Smith, KG Smith, LL St Amant, JA Tulley, RT Vicknair, PC Williamson, D Zachwieja, JJ Polonsky, KS Matulik, MJ Clarke, B DeSandre, C Ehrmann, DA Hilbrich, RM McNabb, WL Morrone, D Semenske, AR Stepp, KA Tobian, JA Watson, PG Caro, JF Goldstein, BJ Graziani, CM Kunkel, EJ Laine, CA Louis, DZ Smith, KA Spandirfer, J Yuen, EJ Goldberg, RB Rowe, P Calles, J Donahue, RP Florez, HJ Giannella, A O'Hara, P Prineas, R Haffner, SM Montez, MG Miettinen, H Mobley, CM Mykkanen, LA Hamman, RF Nash, PV Calonge, BN Hill, JO Jortberg, BT Regensteiner, JG Reusch, J Schiltz, CM Seagle, H VanDorsten, B Horton, ES Lawton, KE Arky, RA Bryant, M Burke, JP Caballero, E Callaphan, KM Ganda, OP Franklin, T Jackson, SD Jacobsen, AM Kula, LM Kocal, M Malloy, MA Nicosia, M Oldmixon, CF Pan, J Quitingon, M Rubtchinsky, S Seely, EW Schweizer, D Simonson, D Smith, F Solomon, CG Warram, J Kahn, SE Montgomery, BK Berger, M Boyko, EJ Fujimoto, WY Greenbaum, CJ Knopp, RH McCann, BS Lipkin, EW Nguyen, TT Palmer, JP Schwartz, RS Talbot-Lawson, C Wan, D Kitabchi, AE Murphy, ME Applegate, WB Bryer-Ash, M Frieson, SL Imseis, R Kennedy, CL Lambeth, HC Lichtermann, LC Oktaei, H O'Toole, ML Rutledge, LMK Sherman, AR Smith, CM Soberman, JE Williams-Cleaves, BJ Metzger, BE Johnson, MK Fitzgibbon, M Heard, D Johnson, CKH McPherson, D Molitch, ME Moore, M Pitts, T Schinleber, PA Nathan, DM McKitrick, C Abbott, K Anderson, E Cagliero, E Cohen, M Crowell, S Delahanty, L Levina, E Michel, T O'Keefe, J Poulos, A Ronan, L Rosal, M Salerno, M Shagensky, C Steiner, B Young, A Olefsky, JM Carrion-Petersen, ML Barrett-Connor, E Beltran, M Caenepeel, K Edelman, SV Ford, RO Garcia, J Henry, RR Hill, M Horne, J Leos, D Mudaliar, S Pollard, A Torio, J Pi-Sunyer, FX Lee, JE Allison, DB Aronoff, NJ Barreras, IM Crandall, JP Foo, ST Orlando, SJ Parkes, K Rooney, ES Van Wye, GEH Viscovich, KA Prince, MJ Kukman, SM Dotson, YF Fineberg, ES Guare, JC Ignaut, JM Jackson, MA Kirkman, MS Marrero, DG Porter, DB Rowland, ND Wheeler, ML Ratner, RE Youssef, G Bronsord, M Cheatham, WW Boggs, G Evans, C Levatan, C Kellum, T Nair, AK Passaro, MD Saad, MF Khan, A Aziz, A Bernaba, B Budgett, MD Cosenza, C Hagar, JE Isagholian, K Jinagouda, SD Kamdar, VV Kumar, D Khawaja, Q Kelada, BL Lui, G Marston, AR Mehta, V Sharma, AR Szamos, K Vargas, A Vargas, B Zambrana, N Dagogo-Jack, S Santiago, AE Brendle, JS Fisher, EB Gherardini, DC Heins, JM Marsala, JM Raspberry, CC Santiago, JV Stephan, CL Saudek, CD Bradley, VL Brancati, FL Cappelli, S Charleston, JB Rubin, RR Stewart, KJ Sullivan, E Schade, DS Adams, KS Atler, LF Bowling, DA Boyle, PJ Burge, MR Canady, JL Chai, L Dorin, RI Facio, E Guillen, M Gutierrez, M Johannes, C Katz, P King, C McCalman, R Rassam, A Senter, W Waters, D Shamoon, H Brown, JO Cox, L Duffy, H Engel, S Friedler, A Howard-Century, CJ Longchamp, N Pompi, D Walker, EA Wylie-Rosett, J Zonszein, J Wing, RR Kramer, MK Barr, S Clifford, L Culyba, R Frazier, M Harris, L Harrier, S Henderson, W Jeffries, S Koenning, G Maholic, K Mullen, M Noel, A Orchard, T Smith, CF Smith, M Viteri, J Wilson, T Williams, KV Zgibor, J Arakaki, RF Latimer, RW Baker-Ladao, NK Beddow, RM Dias, LM Dupont, DA Fukuhara, LL Mau, MK Odom, SK Perry, RU Tokunaga, JS Knowler, WC Hoskin, MA Andre, VL Acton, KJ Antone, S Baptisto, NM Bennett, PH Bird, EC Dacawyma, TS Hanson, RL Jackson, MC Jay, PA Kobus, KM Roumain, J Rowse, DH Roy, RJ Yazzie, M Cooeyate, NJ Chavez, M Broussard, BA Ghahate, JM Hughte, G Ingraham, LE Kaskalla, RS Kessler, D Nashboo, Y Poirier, S Percy, CA Barber, R Benson, MB Duncan, R Glass, M Gohdes, D Grant, W Horse, E Morgan, T Reidy, M Bain, R Bambad, J Brenneman, T Dunegan, C Edelstein, SL Grimes, KL Jones, S Jones, TL Klepac, H Lachin, JM Mucik, P Orlosky, R Rochon, J Stimpson, CE Van Aerden, C Eastman, R Garfield, S Harris, M Andres, R Engelgau, M Narayan, V Williamson, D Herman, W Chandler, WL Marcovina, SM McMillan, T Rautaharju, PM Rautaharju, FSR Mayer-Davis, EJ O'Leary, DH Funk, LRC O'Leary, KA Scherzinger, AL Stamm, ER Gillis, BP Kriska, AM Huffmyer, C Meier, A Venditti, EM Wing, RR Haffner, SM Ratner, RE Olefsky, JM Santiago, JV Saudek, CD Knowler, WC Montez, MG Fujimoto, WY Hamman, RF Nathan, DM CA Diabet Prevention Program Res Grp TI The Diabetes Prevention Program - Design and methods for a clinical trial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LONGITUDINAL DATA; PIMA-INDIANS; METFORMIN; MELLITUS AB The Diabetes Prevention Program is a randomized clinical trial testing strategies to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals with elevated fasting plasma glucose concentrations and impaired glucose tolerance. The 27 clinical centers in the U.S. are recruiting at least 3,000 participants of both sexes, similar to 50% of whom are minority patients and 20% of whom are greater than or equal to 65 years old, to be assigned at random to one of three intervention groups. an intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy diet and exercise and two masked medication treatment groups-metformin or placebo-combined with standard diet and exercise recommendations. Participants are being recruited during a 2 2/3-year period, and all will be followed for an additional 3 1/3 to 5 years after the close of recruitment to a common closing dare in 2002. The primary outcome is the development of diabetes, diagnosed by fasting or post-challenge plasma glucose concentrations meeting the 1997 American Diabetes Association criteria. The 3,000 participants will provide 90% power to detect a 33% reduction in an expected diabetes incidence rate of at least 6.5% per year in the placebo group. Secondary outcomes include cardiovascular disease and its risk factors; changes in glycemia, beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity obesity diet, physical activity and health-related quality; of life: and occurrence of adverse events. A fourth treatment group troglitazone combined with standard diet and exercise recommendations-was included initially but discontinued because of the liver toxicity of the drug. This randomized clinical trial will test the possibility of preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in individuals at high risk. C1 Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Jefferson Med Coll, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Computed Tomog Scan Reading Unit, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Medlantic Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Univ So Calif, UCLA Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NIDDKD, Program Off, Bethesda, MD USA. NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Bowman Gray Sch Med, Epicare Ctr, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ S Carolina, Nutr Coding Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. New England Med Ctr, Cent Carotid Ultrasound Unit, Boston, MA USA. RP Bray, GA (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, DPP Coordinating Ctr, 6110 Execut Blvd 750, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. OI Shamoon, Harry/0000-0002-5014-5211; Kahn, Steven/0000-0001-7307-9002 NR 67 TC 343 Z9 345 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD APR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 4 BP 623 EP 634 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 179GJ UT WOS:000079317900016 ER PT J AU Chen, KT Chen, CJ Gregg, EW Williamson, DF Narayan, KMV AF Chen, KT Chen, CJ Gregg, EW Williamson, DF Narayan, KMV TI High prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Penghu Islets, Taiwan: evidence of a rapidly emerging epidemic? SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE type 2 diabetes; impaired fasting glucose; prevalence; Taiwan ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; CHINESE ADULTS; US ADULTS; TOLERANCE; INSULIN; POPULATION; NIDDM; HEALTH; AGE; ASSOCIATION AB The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Penghu, Taiwan an and compare these estimates with those of the US (NHANES III). Diabetes and IFG (American Diabetes Association criteria, 1997) a ere assessed among a stratified random sample of 2500 residents of Penghu Islands, Taiwan. The prevalence (age-adjusted to world adult population) of diabetes and IFG were 16.8% (95% CI 15.0-18.6) and 21.0% (95% CI 19.0-23.0), respectively, among Penghu Islanders in Taiwan. Age-sex-specific diabetes prevalence ranged from 10.0% in men aged 40-49 years to 29.4% in women aged 60-69 years. Prevalence of IFG ranged from 14.7% in women aged 40-49 years to 30.7% in men aged 50-59 years. Age, body mass index (BMI), and family history of diabetes were each independently associated with both diabetes and IFG. In addition, female gender, apolipoprotein B and triglyceride concentrations were associated with diabetes. and hypertension and apolipoprotein B concentration with IFC. Among persons greater than or equal to 40 years in Penghu, Taiwan, the prevalence of diabetes is up to a third higher and the prevalence of IFG is up to three times higher than comparably aged Americans, despite their having a mean BMI 2.2-3.2 kg/m(2) lower than Americans. The alarmingly high prevalence of IFG in Taiwan may indicate an emerging diabetes epidemic. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Prevent Med, Dept Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Taipei 11513, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Grad Inst Epidemiol, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, KT (reprint author), Natl Inst Prevent Med, Dept Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, 6-8F,Lin Shen S Rd, Taipei 11513, Taiwan. RI Chen, Chien-Jen/C-6976-2008; Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD APR PY 1999 VL 44 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0168-8227(99)00025-X PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 208XW UT WOS:000081018600008 PM 10414941 ER PT J AU Pfaller, MA Messer, SA Hollis, RJ Jones, RN Doern, GV Brandt, ME Hajjeh, RA AF Pfaller, MA Messer, SA Hollis, RJ Jones, RN Doern, GV Brandt, ME Hajjeh, RA TI Trends in species distribution and susceptibility to fluconazole among blood stream isolates of Candida species in the United States SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE; SCOPE PROGRAM; ALBICANS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS; FREQUENCY; MULTICENTER; MYCOSES AB National surveillance of blood stream infections (BSI) attribut able to Candida spp. has been limited to date. Recent studies have suggested an increase in the proportion of BSI attributable to non-Candida albicans species and have also raised concerns regarding the emergence of antifungal resistance among Candida spp. The increased utilization of broad-spectrum antifungal agents and the recognition of Candida spp. as prominent pathogens with the potential for developing antifungal resistance, emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance of antifungal susceptibility patterns. In this investigation trends in species distribution and susceptibility to fluconazole among BSI isolates of Candida spp. referred to our laboratory by United States hospitals were evaluated over the 7-year period from 1992 to 1998. A fatal of 1579 BSI isolates from more than 50 medical centers were processed. Overall, C. albicans accounted for 52% of isolates followed by C. glabrata (18%), C. parapsilosis (15%), C. tropicalis (11%), and C. krusei (2%). The proportion of BSI isolates that were C. albicans ranged from 45% in 1992 to 60% in 1998. Among the non-C. albicans isolates, C. glabrata succeeded C. parapsilosis as the most common species beginning in 1995. Overall, the susceptibility of all Candida species (C. albicans plus all other species) to fruconazole remained stable (MIC90, 16 mu g/mL). The fluconazole MIC90 for C. albicans was 0.5-2.0 mu g/mL for all years studied except 1995 (8.0 mu g/mL) and was 1.0 mu g/mL overall. The present study suggests a continued prominent role of C. albicans as a cause of BSI, and a constant level of susceptibility of Candida BSI isolates to fluconazole over 7 years. These data should serve as a baseline for future surveillance efforts for anti-fungal agents tested against yeast BSI isolates. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Div Med Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pfaller, MA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Div Med Microbiol, C606 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 25 TC 150 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 33 IS 4 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(98)00160-6 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 185KD UT WOS:000079667400002 PM 10212747 ER PT J AU Guerrero, JL Sniezek, JE Sehgal, M AF Guerrero, JL Sniezek, JE Sehgal, M TI The prevalence of disability from chronic conditions due to injury among adults ages 18-69 years: United States, 1994 SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID NONFATAL INJURIES AB Purpose: To describe the causes and determine the prevalence of disability from chronic conditions due to injury among US civilian non-institutionalized persons aged 18-69 years. Methods: Data from the National Health Interview Survey Disability (NHIS-D) Supplement Phase I, United States 1994 were analysed and six disability categories were examined: activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), functional activities (FA), sight, hearing, and communication. Results: In 1994, 5.6 million persons aged 18-69 years reported a disability because of a chronic condition that was caused by injury. The prevalence of ADL disability due to chronic conditions caused by injury was 370 per 100000 population; IADL disability was 1256; FA disability was 2512; sight was 231; hearing was 339; and communication was 91 per 100000 population. Fifty per cent of ADL, IADL, and FA disabilities were attributed to motor vehicle crashes and fans, as were 31% of sight, 19% of hearing, and 23% of communication disabilities. Conclusions: Though these estimates may be conservative, this study indicates that injury is a major cause of disability in addition to a leading cause of death in the US. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Acute Care Rehabil & Disability Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guerrero, JL (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Acute Care Rehabil & Disability Prevent, MS-F41,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0963-8288 J9 DISABIL REHABIL JI Disabil. Rehabil. PD APR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 4 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 194JN UT WOS:000080189200006 PM 10390085 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ AF Paulozzi, LJ TI International trends in rates of hypospadias and cryptorchidism SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE abnormality; cryptorchidism; endocrine; genital; hypospadias; testicle ID DECLINING SEMEN QUALITY; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; INCREASING INCIDENCE; EXTERNAL GENITALIA; ABNORMALITIES; SURVEILLANCE AB Researchers from seven European nations and the United States have published reports of increasing rates of hypospadias during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Reports of increasing rates of cryptorchidism have come primarily from England, In recent years, these reports have become one focus of the debate over endocrine disruption, This study examines more recent data from a larger number of countries participating in the International Clearinghouse for Birch Defects Monitoring Systems (ICBDMS) to address the questions of whether such increases are worldwide and continuing and whether there are geographic patterns to any observed increases. The ICBDMS headquarters and individual systems provided the data. Systems were categorized into five groups based on gross domestic product in 1984. Hypospadias increases were most marked in two American systems and in Scandinavia and Japan. The increases leveled off in many systems after 1985. Increases were not seen in less affluent nations. Cryptorchidism rates were available for 10 systems. Clear increases in this anomaly were seen in two U.S. systems and in the South American system, bur not elsewhere. Since 1985, rates declined in most systems. Numerous artifacts may contribute to or cause upward trends in hypospadias Possible "real" causes include demographic changes and endocrine disruption among others. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Pediat Genet, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 290 Z9 316 U1 1 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1999 VL 107 IS 4 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.2307/3434597 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 187HZ UT WOS:000079782400021 PM 10090709 ER PT J AU van der Schalie, WH Gardner, HS Bantle, JA De Rosa, CT Finch, RA Reif, JS Reuter, RH Backer, LC Burger, J Folmar, LC Stokes, WS AF van der Schalie, WH Gardner, HS Bantle, JA De Rosa, CT Finch, RA Reif, JS Reuter, RH Backer, LC Burger, J Folmar, LC Stokes, WS TI Animals as sentinels of human health hazards of environmental chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE environmental chemicals; FETAX; health hazards; public health; risk assessment; sentinel species ID MILITARY WORKING DOGS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; VIETNAM SERVICE; PET DOGS; EXPOSURE; RISK; LYMPHOMA; OWNERS; CANCER AB A workshop titled "Using Sentinel Species Data to Address the potential Human Health Effects of Chemicals in the Environment," sponsored by the U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, the National Center for Environmental Assessment of the EPA, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, was held to consider the use of sentinel and surrogate animal species data for evaluating the potential human health effects of chemicals in the environment. The workshop took a broad view of the sentinel species concept, and included mammalian and nonmammalian species, companion animals, food animals, fish, amphibians, and other wildlife. Sentinel species data included observations of wild animals in field situations as well as experimental animal data. Workshop participants identified potential applications for sentinel species data derived from monitoring programs or serendipitous observations and explored the potential use of such information in human health hazard and risk assessments and for evaluating causes or mechanisms of effect. Although it is unlikely that sentinel species data will be used as the sole determinative factor in evaluating human health concerns, such data can be useful as for additional weight of evidence in a risk assessment, for providing early warning of situations requiring further study, or for monitoring the course of remedial activities. Attention was given to the factors impeding the application of sentinel species approaches and their acceptance in the scientific and regulatory communities. Workshop participants identified a number of critical research needs and opportunities for interagency collaboration that could help advance the use of sentinel species approaches. C1 USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Life Syst Inc, Cleveland, OH 44122 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP van der Schalie, WH (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 8623D,401 M St SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 55 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1999 VL 107 IS 4 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.2307/3434599 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 187HZ UT WOS:000079782400023 PM 10090711 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT Rosemond, ZA Cibulas, W Gilman, AP AF De Rosa, CT Rosemond, ZA Cibulas, W Gilman, AP TI Research management in the Great lakes and St. Lawrence River basins: Challenges and opportunities SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Health Conference 97 - Great Lakes CY 1997 CL ST LAWRENCE, CANADA DE Great Lakes; St. Lawrence River; research management; resource management; health effects; public health ID HUMAN HEALTH AB Research management in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins is both challenging and filled with opportunities. From the perspective of public health practice, research management is more than just research managers managing discrete programs; it requires everyone involved in the process to become active participants, including researchers, communities, potential interest groups, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Agencies, organizations, and individuals responsible for managing research and resources in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins are facing problems of decreased research funding, data gaps, and research quality. Managers of research and resources in the basins face many challenges as they address these problems. They are challenged with strengthening the link between research and management in the face of decreasing resources and increasing expectations of results and findings while extending those results and findings to public health practice. A number of actions and activities have been proposed that can lead to better management of constrained programs, pooled resources, partnerships, targeted priorities, and improved effectiveness, With guidance and assistance from the International Joint Commission (IJC), research managers in the Great Lakes and St, Lawrence River basins who have initiated and maintained traditional research programs based on sound science are now adopting different and innovative management strategies. The research community must be proactive in articulating the role of science in bridging the gaps in knowledge between public health practice and regulatory programs. Supported by a firm foundation of credible science, critical assessment, and public service, basin research managers are recognizing the need to move outside the comfort zone and extend to areas previously unwelcomed or uncomfortable. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 80 IS 3 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1006/enrs.1999.3965 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 184YG UT WOS:000079640900008 PM 10092446 ER PT J AU Tuttle, J Gomez, T Doyle, MP Wells, JG Zhao, T Tauxe, RV Griffin, PM AF Tuttle, J Gomez, T Doyle, MP Wells, JG Zhao, T Tauxe, RV Griffin, PM TI Lessons from a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections: insights into the infectious dose and method of widespread contamination of hamburger patties SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEY; BLOODY DIARRHEA; GROUND BEEF; TRANSMISSION; SEROTYPE; DEATH AB Between November 1992 and February 1993, a large outbreak of Eschelichia coli O157:H7 infections occurred in the western USA and was associated with eating ground beef patties at restaurants of one fast-food chain. Restaurants that were epidemiologically linked with cases served patties produced on two consecutive dates; cultures of recalled ground beef patties produced on those dates yielded E. coli O157,H7 strains indistinguishable from those isolated from patients, confirming the vehicle of illness. Seventy-six ground beef patty samples were cultured quantitatively for E. coli O157:H7. The median most probable number of organisms was 1.5 per gram (range, < 0.3-15) or 67.5 organisms per patty (range, < 13.5-675). Correlation of the presence of E. coli O157:H7 with other bacterial indicators yielded a significant association between coliform count and the presence of E. coli O157:H7 (P = 0.04). A meat traceback to investigate possible sources of contamination revealed cattle were probably initially colonized with E, coli O157:H7, and that their slaughter caused surface contamination of meat, which once combined with meat from other sources, resulted in a large number of contaminated ground beef patties. Microbiological testing of meat from lots consumed by persons who became ill was suggestive of an infectious dose for E. coli O157:H7 of fewer than 700 organisms. These findings present a strong argument for enforcing zero tolerance for this organism in processed food and for markedly decreasing contamination of raw ground beef. Process controls that incorporate microbiological testing of meat may assist these efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Georgia Stn, Ctr Food Safety & Qual Enhancement, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Tuttle, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 182 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 1999 VL 122 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1017/S0950268898001976 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 201KV UT WOS:000080594700001 PM 10355781 ER PT J AU McNeil, MM Sweat, LB Carter, SL Watson, CB Holloway, JT Manning, R Altekruse, SF Blake, PA AF McNeil, MM Sweat, LB Carter, SL Watson, CB Holloway, JT Manning, R Altekruse, SF Blake, PA TI A Mexican restaurant-associated outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis type 34 infections traced to a contaminated egg farm SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA ID UNITED-STATES; PHAGE TYPE-4 AB In May 1996, the Georgia Division of Public Health was notified about a cluster of persons with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections in Waycross, Georgia. A matched pair case-control study to determine risk factors for illness found a statistically significant association of SE infection with a history of having eaten at Restaurant A during the 5 days before onset of illness (relative risk = 13 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 3-62, P < 0.01]). In a second case-control study, to determine specific food exposures, consumption of a deep-fried Mexican dish (chile relleno) (4 of 21 cases vs. 0 of 26 controls, odds ratio undefined, 95% CI > 1.46, P = 0.034) was found to be significantly associated with SE infection. An environmental investigation found evidence of suboptimal food storage and cooking temperatures at Restaurant A; cross contamination of foods may have contributed to the low attributable risk identified for chile rellenos. Five of 37 Restaurant A food and environment specimens yielded SE strains. All five positive specimens were from chiles rellenos. Of the seven outbreak-associated strains (six patient isolates and one food isolate from Restaurant A) for which phage typing was conducted, all were phage type 34. A FDA traceback investigation through Restaurant A's single-egg supplier identified the potential source as three interrelated farms in South Carolina. Environmental culture from one of these farms yielded SE phage type 34. As a result of this outbreak, FDA helped institute a statewide egg quality-assurance programme in South Carolina to minimize SE contamination of eggs. C1 Georgia Dept Human Resources, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, State Publ Hlth Lab, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. SE Hlth Unit, Waycross, GA 31501 USA. Ware Cty Hlth Dept, Waycross, GA 31501 USA. Food & Drug Adm, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 1999 VL 122 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1017/S0950268899002216 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 201KV UT WOS:000080594700004 PM 10355784 ER PT J AU Rainey, C Poling, R Rheaume, C Kirby, S AF Rainey, C Poling, R Rheaume, C Kirby, S TI Views of low-income, African American mothers about child health SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Focus groups were conducted with low-income, single-head-of-household mothers to elicit their views regarding child health issues. Mothers were asked what causes 5- to 10-year-old children to get ill, what helps them stay well and healthy, and how children learn health behaviors. They were also asked how their community facilitated or hindered child health, who were good sources of health information and what were the advantages of having healthy children. Major themes emerging from the data include a perception that communal childrearing is ideal and that many causes of child health problems are external and require external solutions. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ S Carolina, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Commun, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rainey, C (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD APR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180MU UT WOS:000079390400003 ER PT J AU Mitacek, EJ Brunnemann, KD Suttajit, M Martin, N Limsila, T Ohshima, H Caplan, LS AF Mitacek, EJ Brunnemann, KD Suttajit, M Martin, N Limsila, T Ohshima, H Caplan, LS TI Exposure to N-nitroso compounds in a population of high liver cancer regions in Thailand: Volatile nitrosamine (VNA) levels in Thai food SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE N-nitrosamines; exposure; hepatocellular carcinoma; cholangiocarcinoma; Thai food ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; OPISTHORCHIS-VIVERRINI INFESTATION; SYRIAN GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; NORTH-EAST THAILAND; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DIETARY AFLATOXINS; CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; INFECTION AB The recent case-control studies in Thailand indicate that a high incidence of liver cancer in Thailand has not been associated with common risk factors such as hepatitis B infection, aflatoxin intake and alcohol consumption. While the infestation by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) accounted for the high risk in north-east Thailand, there a cis no such exposure: in the other regions of the country what: the incidence of liver cancer is also high. Case-control studies suggest that exposure to exogenous and possibly endogenous nitrosamines in food or tobacco in betel nut and cigarettes mag; play a role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while OV infestation and chemical interaction of nitrosamines may also be aetiological factors in the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) Over 1800 samples of Fresh and preserved food were systematically collected and tested between 1988 and 1996. All the food items identified by anthropological studies to be consumed frequently in four major regions of Thailand were analysed for volatile nitrosamines using gas chromatography combined with a thermal energy analyser. Relatively high levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDPA). N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) a-srs detected in fermented fish ("Pla-salid"). NDMA was also detected at levels ranging from trace amounts to 66.5 mu g/kg in several salted and dried fish ("Larb-pla" and "Pla-siu"). NDMA and NPYR were frequently detected in several vegetables, particularly fermented beans ("Tau-chiau") at levels ranging between 1 and 95.1 mu g/kg and 0 146 mu g/kg, respectively. The possible role of nitrosamines in Thai food in the aetiology of liver cancer (HCC, CCA) is discussed. 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New York Inst Technol, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Amer Hlth Fdn, Naylor Dana Inst Dis Prevent, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Sch Med, Fac Med, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Oncol & Surg, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mitacek, EJ (reprint author), New York Inst Technol, Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. RI Ohshima, Hiroshi/E-8044-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-29580] NR 66 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00017-4 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 210UD UT WOS:000081122300003 PM 10418946 ER PT J AU Breuer, T Cook, KA Friedman, CR Gold, BD Swerdlow, DL AF Breuer, T Cook, KA Friedman, CR Gold, BD Swerdlow, DL TI Use of acid-reducing medication for upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the Helicobacter pylori era. A national survey among adults in the United States, 1998 SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 MA G0555 BP A129 EP A129 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 187GJ UT WOS:000079778400556 ER PT J AU Breuer, T Swerlow, DL Gold, BD Yang, S Kennedy, MH Friedman, CR AF Breuer, T Swerlow, DL Gold, BD Yang, S Kennedy, MH Friedman, CR TI What do health care consumers know about causes of peptic ulcer disease in the Helicobacter pylori era? A survey among adults in the United States, 1998 SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 MA G0554 BP A128 EP A129 PN 2 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 187GJ UT WOS:000079778400555 ER PT J AU Breuer, T Friedman, CR Gold, BD Yang, S Kennedy, MH Swerdlow, DL AF Breuer, T Friedman, CR Gold, BD Yang, S Kennedy, MH Swerdlow, DL TI New estimates of the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease in the Helicobacter pylori era. A survey among adults in the United States, 1998 SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 MA G0553 BP A128 EP A128 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 187GJ UT WOS:000079778400554 ER PT J AU Gold, BD Owens, ML van Doorn, LJ Pierce-Smith, DL Grecmer, J Friedman, CR Sherman, PM de Mola, OL Muinos, W Czinn, SJ AF Gold, BD Owens, ML van Doorn, LJ Pierce-Smith, DL Grecmer, J Friedman, CR Sherman, PM de Mola, OL Muinos, W Czinn, SJ TI Correlation of Helicobacter pylori genotype with clinical and demographic characteristics of infected children. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Delft Diagnost Lab, NL-2625 AD Delft, Netherlands. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Miami Childrens Hosp, Miami, FL USA. Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 MA G0756 BP A174 EP A174 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 187GJ UT WOS:000079778400757 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Herrera, R Mohar, A Sanchez, L Halperin, D Ley, C Parsonnet, J AF Guarner, J Herrera, R Mohar, A Sanchez, L Halperin, D Ley, C Parsonnet, J TI Atrophy and extent of intestinal metaplasia in a cohort of H-pylori-infected patients SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 MA G1821 BP A416 EP A416 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 187GJ UT WOS:000079778401822 ER PT J AU Kennedy, MH Friedman, CR Stockwell, J Gold, BD AF Kennedy, MH Friedman, CR Stockwell, J Gold, BD TI Pediatric hospitalizations due to peptic ulcer disease in the era of Helicobacter pylori: Analysis of the pediatric hospital information system SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Egleston Childrens Hlth Care Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 MA G0923 BP A212 EP A212 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 187GJ UT WOS:000079778400924 ER PT J AU Kennedy, MH Swerdlow, DL Gold, BD AF Kennedy, MH Swerdlow, DL Gold, BD TI Hospitalizations due to peptic ulcer disease: Declines in the Helicobacter pylori era SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 MA G0922 BP A211 EP A211 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 187GJ UT WOS:000079778400923 ER PT J AU Mandelson, MT Curry, SJ Anderson, LA Nadel, MR Lee, NC LaCroix, AZ AF Mandelson, MT Curry, SJ Anderson, LA Nadel, MR Lee, NC LaCroix, AZ TI Colorectal cancer screening: Factors related to participation by older women SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 MA G2010 BP A457 EP A457 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 187GJ UT WOS:000079778402010 ER PT J AU Makuc, DM Breen, N Freid, V AF Makuc, DM Breen, N Freid, V TI Low income, race, and the use of mammography SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mammography; trends; race ID UNITED-STATES; BLACK-WOMEN; BREAST; PROGRAMS; CARE AB Objective. To describe national trends in mammography use by race and income and to test whether higher use of mammography among low-income African American women than low-income white women can be explained by health insurance coverage, usual place of health care, or place of residence. Data Sources/Study Setting. Data from five years of the National Health Interview Survey spanning the period 1987-1994. Study Design. Trends in the percentage of women 50-64 years of age with a mammogram within the past two years were analyzed by race and income. Data for 1993-1994 were pooled, and with logistic regression analysis, variation in use of recent mammography for low-income women was investigated. Independent variables are age, race, family income, education, health insurance coverage, place of usual source of health care, metropolitan residence, and geographic region. Data Collection/Extraction Methods. The National Health Interview Survey is a cross-sectional national survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. Data are collected through household interviews. [Editor's note: in keeping with HSR policy, the term black is used to conform to its use in the surveys studied. In other references to race, the term African American is used.] Principal Findings. Among women 50-64 years of age use of recent mammograms increased rapidly between 1987 and 1991 for all groups of women, and between 1991 and 1991 the increases slowed. However, increases between 1991 and 1994 have been more rapid among low-income black women than among low-income white women. In 1993-1994, low-income black women were about one-third more likely than low-income white women to report mammography within the past two years. This difference could not be explained by health insurance coverage, usual source of health care, metropolitan status, or region of residence. Conclusions. These results, which provide some evidence of success for screening programs targeted to the poor, raise the question of why low-income black women appear to be to more likely than low-income white women to have benefited from recent efforts to promote mammography. Continued evaluation of mammography programs focused on women who are underserved as well as the monitoring of trends and variations in service use by race and income are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Utilizat Anal, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Makuc, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Utilizat Anal, Room 790,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 17 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI MELROSE PARK PA C/O FOUNDATION AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES 1951 CORNELL AVE, MELROSE PARK, IL 60160 USA SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 229 EP 239 PN 2 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 180CY UT WOS:000079368800004 PM 10199671 ER PT J AU Klein, JD Graff, CA Santelli, JS Hedberg, VA Allan, MJ Elster, AB AF Klein, JD Graff, CA Santelli, JS Hedberg, VA Allan, MJ Elster, AB TI Developing quality measures for adolescent care: Validity of adolescents' self-reported receipt of preventive services SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; quality measurement; validity; self-report ID HEALTH-CARE AB Objective. To demonstrate the feasibility of directly surveying adolescents about the content of preventive health services they have received and to assess the validity of adolescent self-reported recall. Data Sources/Setting. Audiotaped encounters, telephone interviews, and chart reviews with 14-21 year olds being seen for preventive care visits at 15 pediatric and family medicine private practices, teaching hospital clinics, and health centers. Design. 537 adolescents presenting for well visits were approached, 400 (75 percent) consented, 374 (94 percent) were audiotaped, and 354 (89 percent) completed telephone interviews either two to four weeks or five to seven months after their visits. Audiotapes were coded for screening and counseling across 34 preventive service content areas. Intraobserver reliability (Cohen's kappa) ranged from 0.45 for talking about peers to 0.94 for discussing tobacco. The sensitivity and specificity of the adolescent self-reports were assessed using the audiotape coding as the gold standard. Results. Almost all adolescents surveyed (94 percent) remembered having had a preventive care visit, 93 percent identified the site of care, and most (84 percent) identified the clinician they had seen. There was wide variation in the prevalence of screening, based on the tape coding. Adolescent self-report was moderately or highly sensitive and specific at two weeks and six months for 24 of 34 screening and counseling items, including having discussed: weight, diet, body image, exercise, seatbelts, bike helmet use, cigarettes/smoking, smokeless tobacco, alcohol, drugs, steroids, sex, sexual orientation, birth control, condoms, HIV, STDs, school, family, future plans, emotions, suicidality, and abuse. Self-report was least accurate for blood pressure/cholesterol screening, immunizations, or for having discussed fighting, violence, weapon carrying, sleep, dental care, friends, or over-the-counter drug use. Conclusion. Adolescents' self-report of the care they have received is a valid method of determining the content of preventive health service delivery. Although recall of screening and counseling is more accurate within two to four weeks after preventive care visits, adolescents can report accurately on the care they had received five to seven months after the preventive health care visits occurred. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Div Adolescent Med, Strong Childrens Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Med Assoc, Dept Adolescent Hlth, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. RP Klein, JD (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Box 690,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R01-HS 08192] NR 14 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI MELROSE PARK PA C/O FOUNDATION AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES 1951 CORNELL AVE, MELROSE PARK, IL 60160 USA SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 391 EP 404 PN 2 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 180CY UT WOS:000079368800016 PM 10199683 ER PT J AU Unger, ER Vernon, SD Hewan-Lowe, KO Lee, DR Thoms, WW Reeves, WC AF Unger, ER Vernon, SD Hewan-Lowe, KO Lee, DR Thoms, WW Reeves, WC TI An unusual cervical carcinoma showing exception to epitheliotropism of human papillomavirus SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HPV; human papillomavirus; cervical cancer; ISH; in situ hybridization AB Human papillomaviruses (HPV) infect epithelial tissues but have not been previously detected within mesenchymal cells. During a systematic investigation of FIGO stage Ib cervical cancers with colorimetric in situ hybridization, we detected HPV 16 DNA within the stromal compartment of an unusual undifferentiated carcinoma. The mesenchymal nature of the HPV-containing cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. No viral particles were identified. Sequencing the majority of the HPV 16 genome identified few changes from the revised reference clone; all previously reported in other HPV 16 variants. These viral changes are unlikely to explain the exceptional mesenchymal localization of the HPV 16 DNA in this case. HUM PATHOL 30:483-485. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Lab Med & Radiat Oncol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 483 EP 485 DI 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90127-2 PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 184NY UT WOS:000079619300020 PM 10208473 ER PT J AU Hutchins, WA Kieber-Emmons, T Carlone, GM Westerink, MAJ AF Hutchins, WA Kieber-Emmons, T Carlone, GM Westerink, MAJ TI Human immune response to a peptide mimic of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in hu-PBMC-SCID mice SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; B-CELL; ANTIBODY-LEVELS; MOUSE MODEL; LYMPHOCYTES; PBL; IMMUNOGENICITY AB An anti-idiotype-based peptide mimic vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C polysaccharide (MCPS) has been developed and shown to induce a response in mice that is specific, functional, and T-dependent. In this study, the immunogenicity of the MCPS peptide mimic vaccine preparation, as a potential vaccine for use in humans, is shown using the hu-PBMC-SCID mouse model. The human antibody response to the MCPS peptide mimic vaccine is specific and functional as shown by inhibition enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and bactericidal assay. These data support the usefulness of the peptide mimic vaccine strategy for humans. C1 Med Coll Ohio, Dept Med, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. Med Coll Ohio, Dept Pathol, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Westerink, MAJ (reprint author), Med Coll Ohio, Dept Med, POB 10008, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD APR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1089/hyb.1999.18.121 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 202CU UT WOS:000080635200002 PM 10380011 ER PT J AU Sauter, SL Hurrel, JJ Fox, HR Tetrick, LE Barling, J AF Sauter, SL Hurrel, JJ Fox, HR Tetrick, LE Barling, J TI Occupational health psychology: An emerging discipline SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE occupational safety and health; occupational health psychology; work organization; job stress; psychosocial factors ID JOB INSECURITY; WORK; WORKPLACE; PROGRAMS; OPPORTUNITIES; PREVENTION; PROMOTION; DISEASE; SAFETY; MODEL AB There is growing concern that rapidly changing patterns of work organization and employment pose risk for occupational illness and injury. In the present article, we assert that these changes create new needs and opportunities for research and practice by psychologists in the area of work organization and health. We begin with an historical overview of the contribution of psychologists to the occupational safety and health field, and to the study of work organization and health. We then describe new initiatives by the American Psychological Association and national health organizations in the United States and Europe to frame a new field of study-called "occupational health psychology"-that focuses on the topic of work organization and health. We conclude with a discussion of emerging research needs and trends within this field. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Amer Psychol Assoc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Sauter, SL (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 88 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL INST INDUSTRIAL HEALTH PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.2486/indhealth.37.199 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 191UV UT WOS:000080040700008 PM 10319568 ER PT J AU Basma, H Norrby-Teglund, A Guedez, Y McGeer, A Low, DE El-Ahmedy, O Schwartz, B Kotb, M AF Basma, H Norrby-Teglund, A Guedez, Y McGeer, A Low, DE El-Ahmedy, O Schwartz, B Kotb, M TI Risk factors in the pathogenesis of invasive group A streptococcal infections: Role of protective humoral immunity SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN-A; SCARLET FEVER TOXIN; CLINICAL-FEATURES; M-PROTEIN; PYOGENES; SUPERANTIGENS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB An impressive change in the epidemiology and severity of invasive group A streptococcal; infections occurred in the 1980s, and the incidence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome cases continues to rise. The reason for the resurgence of severe invasive cases remains a mystery-has there been a change in the pathogen or in host protective immunity? To address these questions, we have studied 33 patients with invasive infection caused by genotypically indistinguishable M1T1 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes who had different disease outcomes. Patients were classified as having severe (n = 21) and nonsevere (n = 12) invasive infections based on the presence or absence of shock and organ failure. Levels of anti-M1 bactericidal antibodies and of anti-streptococcal superantigen neutralizing antibodies in plasma were significantly lower in both groups than in age- and geographically matched healthy controls (P < 0.01). Importantly, the levels of these protective antibodies in plasma samples from severe and nonsevere invasive cases were not different. Together the data suggest that low levels of protective antibodies may contribute to host susceptibility to invasive streptococcal infection but do not modulate disease outcome. Other immunogenetic factors that regulate superantigen responses may influence the severity of systemic manifestations associated with invasive streptococcal infection. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Surg, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kotb, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Surg, 956 Court Ave,Suite A-202, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM mkotb@utmem1.utmem.edu RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI40198, R01 AI040198] NR 51 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1871 EP 1877 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 178QZ UT WOS:000079278700047 PM 10085030 ER PT J AU Zancope-Oliveira, RM Reiss, E Lott, TJ Mayer, LW Deepe, GS AF Zancope-Oliveira, RM Reiss, E Lott, TJ Mayer, LW Deepe, GS TI Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of the M antigen of Histoplasma capsulatum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID M-GLYCOPROTEIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PRODUCTS; CATALASE; INVITRO; FUNGI AB The major diagnostic antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum are the H and M antigens, pluripotent glycoproteins that elicit both humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses. These antigens may play a role in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis. M antigen is considered immunodominant because antibodies against it are the first precipitins to arise in acute histoplasmosis and are commonly present during all phases of infection. The biological activity of monomolecular M antigen and its ability to elicit a protective immune response to H. capsulatum are largely unknown. A molecular approach was used to identify the biological nature of M antigen, including its purification from histoplasmin, partial digestion with proteinases, and reverse-phase highperformance liquid chromatography to separate the released peptides. The amino acid sequences of the purified peptides were obtained by Edman degradation, and using degenerate oligonucleotide primers for PCR, a 321-bp fragment of the gene encoding the M antigen was amplified from genomic H. capsulatum DNA, This fragment was used to screen an H. capsulatum genomic DNA library, leading to the isolation, cloning, and sequencing of the full-length gene. The M gene consists of 2,187-bp DNA encoding a protein of 80,719 Da, which has significant homology to catalases from Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Eimericella nidulans. A cDNA was generated by reverse transcription-PCR and cloned into the expression vector pQE40. The identity of the cloned, expressed protein was confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant fusion protein was immunoreactive with monoclonal antibodies raised against M antigen, with polyclonal mouse anti-M antiserum, and with a serum sample from a patient with histoplasmosis. The gene encoding the major immunodominant M antigen of H. capsulatum is a presumptive catalase, and the recombinant protein retains serodiagnostic activity. C1 Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Hosp Evandro Chagas, Lab Micol Med, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Zancope-Oliveira, RM (reprint author), Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Hosp Evandro Chagas, Lab Micol Med, Av Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM zancope@fiocruz.br RI Zancope-Oliveira, Rosely /I-1955-2013 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-55949, R01 HL055949]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34361, AI-42747, R01 AI034361, R37 AI042747] NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1947 EP 1953 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 178QZ UT WOS:000079278700058 PM 10085041 ER PT J AU Mangram, AJ Horan, TC Pearson, ML Silver, LC Jarvis, WR AF Mangram, AJ Horan, TC Pearson, ML Silver, LC Jarvis, WR TI Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POSTOPERATIVE WOUND-INFECTION; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; OPEN-HEART-SURGERY; CORONARY-ARTERY BYPASS; READOUT BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; PERIOPERATIVE ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; MONTHLY PHYSICIAN QUESTIONNAIRES C1 US Dept HHS, Hosp Infect Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mangram, AJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Hosp Infect Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Mailstop E69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 511 TC 1378 Z9 1433 U1 3 U2 49 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 250 EP 278 DI 10.1086/501620 PG 29 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 185WD UT WOS:000079693200005 PM 10219875 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Nuorti, PJ Breiman, RF Hathcock, AL Fields, BS Lipman, HB Llewellyn, GC Hofmann, J Cetron, M AF Brown, CM Nuorti, PJ Breiman, RF Hathcock, AL Fields, BS Lipman, HB Llewellyn, GC Hofmann, J Cetron, M TI A community outbreak of Legionnaires' disease linked to hospital cooling towers: an epidemiological method to calculate dose of exposure SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Legionnaires' disease; disease outbreaks; dose-response; water microbiology; environmental exposure; aerosol exposure ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER; URINARY ANTIGEN; PNEUMONIA; SURVEILLANCE; HOME; RISK AB Background From July to September 1994, 29 cases of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (LD) were reported in Delaware. The authors conducted an investigation to a) identify the source of the outbreak and risk factors for developing Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp-1) pneumonia and b) evaluate the risk associated with the components of cumulative exposure to the source (i.e. distance from the source, frequency of exposure, and duration of exposure). Methods A case-control study matched 21 patients to three controls per case by known risk factors for acquiring LD. Controls were selected from patients who attended the same clinic as the respective case-patients. Water samples taken at the hospital, from eight nearby cooling towers, and from four of the patient's homes were cultured for Legionella. Isolates were subtyped using monoclonal antibody (Mab) analysis and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Results Eleven (52%) of 21 case-patients worked at or visited the hospital compared with 17 (27%) of 63 controls (OR 5.0, 95% CI : 1.1-29). For those who lived, worked, or visited within 4 square miles of the hospital, the risk of illness decreased by 20% for each 0.10 mile from the hospital; it increased by 80% for each visit to the hospital; and it increased by 8% for each hour spent within 0.125 miles of the hospital. Lp-l was isolated from three patients and both hospital cooling towers. Based on laboratory results no other samples contained Lp-l. The clinical and main-tower isolates all demonstrated Mab pattern 1,2,5,6. AP-PCR matched the main-tower samples with those from two case-patients. Conclusion The results of our investigation suggested that the hospital cooling towers were the source of a community outbreak of LD. Increasing proximity to and frequency of exposure to the towers increased the risk of LD. New guidelines for cooling tower maintenance are needed. Knowing the location of cooling towers could facilitate maintenance inspections and outbreak investigations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Field Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Delaware Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Cetron, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1093/ije/28.2.353 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 190BZ UT WOS:000079942800027 PM 10342703 ER PT J AU Brenner, DJ Kaufmann, AF Sulzer, KR Steigerwalt, AG Rogers, FC Weyant, RS AF Brenner, DJ Kaufmann, AF Sulzer, KR Steigerwalt, AG Rogers, FC Weyant, RS TI Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptospira; Leptonema; Leptospira alexanderi; Leptospira genomospecies; DNA relatedness ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; ZIMBABWE; HYBRIDIZATION; CATTLE; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB DNA relatedness was determined among 303 strains of Leptospira and Leptonema. Included in the analysis were reference strains from 228 well-characterized and recognized serovars. The study included 268 serovars from 29 named and one or more unnamed serogroups. The strains clustered into 17 DNA hybridization groups, representing 12 previously described species (292 strains) and five new genomospecies (11 strains). The largest groups included Leptospira interrogans (91 strains from 82 serovars), Leptospira santarosai (65 strains from 59 serovars), Leptospira borgpetersenii (49 strains from 43 serovars), Leptospira kirschneri (29 strains from 26 serovars) and Leptospira noguchii (20 strains from 20 serovars). The new genomospecies include Leptospira genomospecies 1 (two strains, serovars pinagchang and sichuan), Leptospira genomospecies 2 (six strains, serovars lushui, manhao 3, manzhuang, nanding, mengla and yunnan), Leptospira genomospecies 3 (one strain, serovar holland), Leptospira genomospecies 4 (one strain, serovar hualin) and Leptospira genomospecies 5 (one strain, serovar saopaulo). With the exception of Ballum, all serogroups with greater than one serovar studied were genetically heterogeneous. Phenotypic tests, including optimal growth temperature, lipase activity and growth inhibition by copper sulfate or 2,6-diaminopurine, were of little use in differentiating DNA relatedness groups. The name Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. is proposed for Leptospira genomospecies 2 (type strain L 60(T) = ATCC 700520(T), serovar manhao 3). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brenner, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bldg 1-2226,Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 165 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 49 BP 839 EP 858 PN 2 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 191LU UT WOS:000080024500061 PM 10319510 ER PT J AU Bloch, AB Cauthen, GM Simone, PM Kelly, GD Dansbury, KG Castro, KG AF Bloch, AB Cauthen, GM Simone, PM Kelly, GD Dansbury, KG Castro, KG TI Completion of tuberculosis therapy for patients reported in the United States in 1993 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; treatment outcome; drug resistance; antimicrobial; antitubercular agents; program evaluation ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG-RESISTANCE AB SETTING: The highest priority for tuberculosis (TB) control is to ensure patients complete therapy. However, standardized, detailed evaluation of national performance on completion of therapy in the United States has been lacking. Since 1982, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has had a program objective that at least 90% of TB cases complete therapy. Since 1986, the standard of practice for patients with drug-susceptible TB has been 6 months of therapy. OBJECTIVE: TO determine completion of therapy rates and duration of therapy for US TB patients reported in 1993. DESIGN: Expanded TB surveillance data on all US TB patients reported to the CDC ill 1993 with initial therapy of two or more drugs were analyzed with respect to completion and duration of therapy. RESULTS: A disposition (reason therapy stopped) was obtained on 98.7% of 23 489 treated patients. Overall, 91.2% of evaluable patients completed therapy. The overall completion rate at 12 months of therapy was 66.8%, and 90% completion was reached at 23 months. For patients with initially drug-susceptible TB, completion was 7.1% at 6 months, 66.5% at 12 months, and reached 90% at 22 months. CONCLUSION: While completion rates ultimately exceeded 90% nationwide, there was considerable delay in reaching this objective, especially in patients with drug-susceptible TB. It is critical that health departments and health care providers identify and remedy any deficiencies responsible for prolonged therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bloch, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS F-42, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 181QC UT WOS:000079452300003 PM 10206496 ER PT J AU Hayden, C AF Hayden, C TI Jabberwocky SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Commun & Educ Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hayden, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Commun & Educ Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4 BP 358 EP 359 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 181QC UT WOS:000079452300016 PM 10206509 ER PT J AU Taylor, DJ Chavez, GF Adams, EJ Chabra, A Shah, RS AF Taylor, DJ Chavez, GF Adams, EJ Chabra, A Shah, RS TI Demographic characteristics in adult paternity for first births to adolescents under 15 years of age SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE paternity; adolescence; adult; age factors; pregnancy; risk factors ID PREGNANCY; FATHERS; OUTCOMES; PARTNERS; INFANTS; MOTHERS AB Purpose: To examine parental demographic characteristics by adult (greater than or equal to 20 years at baby's conception) and teenage (< 20 years at baby's conception) paternity in births to very young adolescents ( < 15 years at baby's conception). Methods: This was a population-based, retrospective cohort analysis of all 12,317 very young adolescent mothers residing in California with a first singleton live birth during 1993-1995. Risks for adult, compared to teenage, paternity were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Adult fathers, responsible for 26.7% of births to very young adolescents, were a mean of 8.8 years older than the mother. The risk factors for adult compared to adolescent paternity were as follows: father's educational attainment of at least 3 years below that considered adequate for his age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 8.34], father's (AOR = 2.46) or mother's (AOR = 1.36) educational attainment 1-2 years below that considered adequate for their age, mother's birthplace outside the United States (AOR = 3.12), and father's Hispanic ethnicity (AOR = 1.60) or African-American race (AOR = 1.50). Conclusions: Adult fathers were responsible for over one quarter of the births in our study. Adolescent pregnancy prevention focusing on younger adolescents must programmatically address adult paternity. Variations in adult paternity patterns across cultural groups suggest that we need further study of the role that cultural beliefs and practices play in very young adolescent pregnancy. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1999. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Maternal & Child Hlth Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, DJ (reprint author), 714 P St,Room 476, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD APR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00122-0 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 187PN UT WOS:000079795600004 PM 10227344 ER PT J AU Rogers, AS Kinsman, SB Santelli, JS Silber, TJ AF Rogers, AS Kinsman, SB Santelli, JS Silber, TJ TI Code of research ethics - Position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD APR PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 187PN UT WOS:000079795600008 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM Mootrey, GT Tsai, TF AF Kelso, JM Mootrey, GT Tsai, TF TI Anaphylaxis from yellow fever vaccine SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergy; anaphylaxis; yellow fever vaccine ID IMMEDIATE-TYPE REACTIONS; GELATIN; CHILDREN; MEASLES; IGE; ALLERGY AB Background: There are very few reports of anaphylactic reactions to yellow fever (YF) vaccine in the literature, and these date from the 1940s, Objective: We sought to estimate the rate of YF vaccine-related anaphylaxis, Methods: All reports of adverse reactions to YF vaccine submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System between 1990 and 1997 were reviewed for those meeting criteria for probable or possible anaphylactic reactions. Results: Of 243 reports submitted, 40 describe probable or possible anaphylactic reactions. In 22 of these 40, YF vaccine was the only vaccine administered. There were 5,236,820 doses of YF vaccine distributed in the United States during this period. By using all 40 Eases, the rate of YF vaccine-related anaphylaxis would be 40 in 5,236,820 or about 1 in 131,000, In 35 of the reports, information was provided on whether previous doses of YF vaccine had been given. In 34 of these 35, the reaction occurred after the first dose of YF vaccine, suggesting that vaccine constituents other than the viral proteins may have been the allergens. The vaccine is grown in chicken embryos and contains gelatin as a stabilizer. Conclusion: YP vaccine can cause anaphylactic reactions. Persons presenting for YF vaccine should be asked if they have had adverse reactions to previous doses of this or other vaccines and if they are allergic to eggs, chicken, or gelatin. Health care workers administering YF vaccine should be prepared to recognize and treat anaphylactic reactions should they occur. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 18 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 4 BP 698 EP 701 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70245-9 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 186HY UT WOS:000079723900026 PM 10200022 ER PT J AU Rowe, T Abernathy, RA Hu-Primmer, J Thompson, WW Lu, XH Lim, W Fukuda, K Cox, NJ Katz, JM AF Rowe, T Abernathy, RA Hu-Primmer, J Thompson, WW Lu, XH Lim, W Fukuda, K Cox, NJ Katz, JM TI Detection of antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in human serum by using a combination of serologic assays SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HEMAGGLUTININ; REPLICATION; INFECTION; RESPONSES; VACCINE AB From May to December 1997, 18 cases of mild to severe respiratory illness caused by avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses were identified in Hong Kong. The emergence of an avian virus in the human population prompted an epidemiological investigation to determine the extent of human-to-human transmission of the virus and risk factors associated with infection. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, the standard method for serologic detection of influenza virus infection in humans, has been shown to be less sensitive for the detection of antibodies induced by avian influenza viruses. Therefore, we developed a more sensitive microneutralization assay to detect antibodies to avian influenza in humans. Direct comparison of an HI assay and the microneutralization assay demonstrated that the latter was substantially more sensitive in detecting human antibodies to H5N1 virus in infected individuals. An MS-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was also established to test children's sera. The sensitivity and specificity of the microneutralization assay were compared with those of an MS-specific indirect ELISA. When combined with a confirmatory MS-specific Western blot test, the specificities of both assays were improved. Maximum sensitivity (80%) and specificity (96%) for the detection of anti-H5 antibody in adults aged 18 to 59 years were achieved by using the microneutralization assay combined with Western blotting. Maximum sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) in detecting anti-H5 antibody in sera obtained from children less than 15 years of age were achieved by using ELISA combined with Western blotting. This new test algorithm is being used for the seroepidemiologic investigations of the avian H5N1 influenza outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Hlth, Govt Virus Unit, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 579 Z9 608 U1 7 U2 47 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 937 EP 943 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 175QF UT WOS:000079105500010 PM 10074505 ER PT J AU Swan, DC Tucker, RA Tortolero-Luna, G Mitchell, MF Wideroff, L Unger, ER Nisenbaum, RA Reeves, WC Icenogle, JP AF Swan, DC Tucker, RA Tortolero-Luna, G Mitchell, MF Wideroff, L Unger, ER Nisenbaum, RA Reeves, WC Icenogle, JP TI Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA copy number is dependent on grade of cervical disease and HPV type SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; PHYSICAL STATE; CANCER; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; LESIONS; GENE AB The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA copy number and cervical disease was investigated. Viral DNA copy number for the most common high-risk HPV types in cervical cancer (types 16, 18, 31, and 45) was determined in cervical cytobrush specimens from 149 women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN II-CIN III), 176 with low-grade CIN (CIN I), and 270 with normal cytology. Quantitative, PCR-based fluorescent assays for each of the HPV genotypes and for the beta-globin gene were used. The amount of cellular DNA increased significantly with increasing disease; thus, HPV was expressed as copies per microgram of cellular DNA. The assay had a dynamic range of >10(7), allowing documentation for the first time of the wide range of HPV copy numbers seen in clinical specimens, Median HPV DNA copy number varied by more than 10(4) among the viral types. HPV16 was present in the highest copy number; over 55% of HPV16-positive samples contained more than 10(8) copies/mu g. Median copy number for HPV16 sheared dramatic increases with increasing epithelial abnormality, an effect not seen with the of her HPV types. HPV16 increased from a median of 2.2 x 10(7) in patients with normal cytology, to 4.1 x 10(7) in CIN 1 patients, to 1.3 x 10(9) copies/mu g in CIN II-III patients. Even when stratified by cervical disease and viral type, the range of viral DNA copies per microgram of cellular DNA was quite large, precluding setting a clinically significant cutoff value for "high" copy numbers predictive of disease. This study suggests that the clinical usefulness of HPV quantitation requires reassessment and is assay dependent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Swan, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop G-18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Hernandez, Jessica/G-6527-2011; OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 21 TC 168 Z9 176 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1030 EP 1034 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 175QF UT WOS:000079105500027 PM 10074522 ER PT J AU Popovic, T Kim, C Reiss, J Reeves, M Nakao, H Golaz, A AF Popovic, T Kim, C Reiss, J Reeves, M Nakao, H Golaz, A TI Use of molecular subtyping to document long-term persistence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUSSIA; TOX; ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STATES; GENE AB Enhanced surveillance of patients with upper respiratory symptoms in a Northern Plains community revealed that approximately 4% of them were infected by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae of both mitis and gravis biotypes, showing that the organism is still circulating in the United States. Toxigenic C, diphtheriae was isolated from five members of four households. Four molecular subtyping methods-ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and single-strand conformation polymorphism-were used to molecularly characterize these strains and compare them to 17 archival South Dakota strains dating back to 1973 through 1983 and to 5 isolates collected from residents of diverse regions of the United States. Ribotyping and RAPD clearly demonstrated the household transmission of isolates and provided precise information on the circulation of several distinct strains within three households. By MEE, most recent and archival South Dakota strains were identified as closely related and clustered within the newly identified ET (electrophoretic type) 215 complex. Furthermore, three recent South Dakota isolates and eight archival South Dakota isolates were indistinguishable by both ribotyping and RAPD, All of these molecular methods showed that recent South Dakota isolates and archival South Dakota isolates were more closely related to each other than to the C. diphtheriae strains isolated in other parts of the United States or worldwide, The data also supported the improbability of importation of C, diphtheriae into this area and rather strongly suggest the long-term persistence of the organism in this region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS CO2,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM TXP1@CDC.GOV NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1092 EP 1099 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 175QF UT WOS:000079105500036 PM 10074531 ER PT J AU Droz, S Chi, BH Horn, E Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Brenner, DJ AF Droz, S Chi, BH Horn, E Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Brenner, DJ TI Bartonella koehlerae sp. nov., isolated from cats SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SCRATCH DISEASE; DOMESTIC CATS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PREVALENCE; BACTEREMIA; DNA AB Two of the 25 Bartonella isolates recovered during a prevalence study of Bartonella henselae bacteremia in domestic cats from the greater San Francisco Bay region were found to differ phenotypically and genotypically from all prior B. henselae isolates. These isolates, C-29 and C-30, which were recovered from the blood of two pet cats belonging to the same household, grew on chocolate agar as pinpoint colonies following 14 days of incubation at 35 degrees C in a candle jar but failed to grow on heart infusion agar supplemented with 5% rabbit blood. Additional phenotypic characteristics distinguished the isolates C-29 and C-30 from other feline B. henselae isolates. The restriction patterns obtained for C-29 and C30 by citrate synthase PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis as well as by genomic RFLP could not be distinguished from each other but were distinctly different from that of the B. henselae type strain. In reciprocal reactions, DNAs from strains C-29 and C-30 were 97 to 100% related under optimal and stringent DNA reassociation conditions, with 0 to 0.5% divergence within related sequences. Labeled DNA from the type strain of B, henselae was 61 to 65% related to unlabeled DNAs from strains C-29 and C-30 in 55 degrees C reactions, with 5.0 to 5.5% divergence within the related sequences, and 31 to 41% related in stringent, 70 degrees C reactions. In reciprocal reactions, labeled DNAs from strains C-29 and C-30 were 68 to 92% related to those of the B. henselae type strain and other B. henselae strains, with 5 to 7% divergence. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain C-29 was 99.54% homologous to that of the type strain of B. henselae, On the basis of these findings, the two isolates C-29 and C30 are designated a new species of Bartonella, for which we propose the name Bartonella koehlerae, The type strain of Bartonella koehlerae is strain C-29 (ATCC 700693). C1 Univ Bern, Inst Med Microbiol, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Droz, S (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Med Microbiol, Friedbuhlstr 51, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. NR 36 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1122 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 175QF UT WOS:000079105500040 PM 10074535 ER PT J AU Lawson, PA Collins, MD Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR AF Lawson, PA Collins, MD Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR TI Facklamia languida sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROCOCCUS-LIKE ORGANISMS; GEN-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INFECTIONS AB Three strains of a gram-positive catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus-shaped organism originating from human clinical samples were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Sequencing of genes encoding 16S rRNA showed that the strains are phylogenetically closely related (99.9 to 100% sequence similarity) and represent a new subline within the genus Facklamia. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from all currently described species of the genus Facklamia (viz., Facklamia hominis, Facklamia ignava, and Facklamia sourekii) by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Facklamia languida sp. nov. The type strain off. languida is CCUG 37842. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Reading, Berks, England. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Culture Collect, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Lawson, Paul/E-3760-2012 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1161 EP 1164 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 175QF UT WOS:000079105500047 PM 10074542 ER PT J AU Hogg, GG Schinsky, MF McNeil, MM Lasker, BA Silcox, VA Brown, JM AF Hogg, GG Schinsky, MF McNeil, MM Lasker, BA Silcox, VA Brown, JM TI Central line sepsis in a child due to a previously unidentified Mycobacterium SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; FORTUITUM COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS; CRITERIA; CHELONAE; DISEASE AB A rapidly growing mycobacterium similar to strains in the present Mycobacterium fortuitum complex (M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, and M. fortuitum third biovariant complex [sorbitol positive and sorbitol negative]) was isolated from a surgically placed central venous catheter tip and three cultures of blood from a 2-year-old child diagnosed with metastatic hepatoblastoma. The organism's unique phenotypic profile and ribotype patterns differed from those of the type and reference strains of the M. fortuitum complex and indicate that this organism may represent a new pathogenic taxon. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Microbiol Infect Dis, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycol Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB & Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bldg 1-4044C,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1196 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 175QF UT WOS:000079105500056 PM 10074551 ER PT J AU McGuire, MT Wing, RR Klem, ML Lang, W Hill, JO AF McGuire, MT Wing, RR Klem, ML Lang, W Hill, JO TI What predicts weight regain in a group of successful weight losers? SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FOLLOW-UP; BEHAVIOR-THERAPY; BODY-WEIGHT; COLLEGE ALUMNI; LOSS PROGRAM; OBESITY; WOMEN; QUESTIONNAIRE AB This study identified predictors of weight gain versus continued maintenance among individuals already successful at long-term weight loss. Weight, behavior, and psychological information was collected on entry into the study and 1 year later. Thirty-five percent gained weight over the year of follow-up, and 59% maintained their weight losses. Risk factors for weight regain included more recent weight losses (less than 2 years vs. 2 years or more), larger weight losses (greater than 30% of maximum weight vs. less than 30%), and higher levels of depression, dietary disinhibition, and binge eating levels at entry into the registry. Over the year of follow-up, gainers reported greater decreases in energy expenditure and greater increases in percentage of calories from fat. Gainers also reported greater decreases in restraint and increases in hunger, dietary disinhibition, and binge eating. This study suggests that several years of successful weight maintenance increase the probability of future weight maintenance and that weight regain is due at least in part to failure to maintain behavior changes. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Nutr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McGuire, MT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 216 Z9 218 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1037//0022-006X.67.2.177 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 186MK UT WOS:000079733400002 PM 10224727 ER PT J AU Brener, ND McMahon, PM Warren, CW Douglas, KA AF Brener, ND McMahon, PM Warren, CW Douglas, KA TI Forced sexual intercourse and associated health-risk behaviors among female college students in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL SAMPLE; DATE RAPE; ADOLESCENTS; VICTIMIZATION; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; AGGRESSION; ASSAULT; YOUTH; ABUSE AB This study analyzed data from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey (NCHRBS) to assess the prevalence of lifetime rape among female college students and to examine the association between rape and health-risk behaviors. The NCHRBS used a mail questionnaire to assess health-risk behaviors among a nationally representative sample of undergraduate students. Twenty percent of female students reported ever having been forced to have sexual intercourse, most often during adolescence. When analyses controlled for demographic characteristics, female students who had ever been raped were significantly more likely than those who had not to report a wide range of health-risk behaviors. These results highlight a need to improve rape prevention and treatment programs for female adolescents. C1 CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 42 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 67 IS 2 BP 252 EP 259 DI 10.1037//0022-006X.67.2.252 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 186MK UT WOS:000079733400011 PM 10224736 ER PT J AU Wade, SL Islam, S Holden, G Kruszon-Moran, D Mitchell, H AF Wade, SL Islam, S Holden, G Kruszon-Moran, D Mitchell, H TI Division of responsibility for asthma management tasks between caregivers and children in the inner city SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE asthma; self-management; adherence; multiple caregivers ID SELF-MANAGEMENT AB This investigation examined caregiver and child perceptions of the division of responsibility for asthma management tasks in families. The study sample included 789 children with asthma, aged 6 to 9 years, who lived in the inner city. These children and their primary caregivers completed the Asthma Responsibility Interview. The correlation between the caregiver's and child's ratings of the child's responsibility was low (.19), with children rating themselves as more responsible than their caregivers rated them. Caregiver and child ratings of the child's responsibility increased with the child's age; however, caregivers' ratings of their own responsibility remained constant over the age range studied. Kappa statistics ranged from -.03 to .12, with up to 16% of children reporting less responsibility for self-care than was indicated by the caregiver. More than one third of families reported four or more asthma caregivers. The discrepancy between the caregiver's and child's perceptions and the involvement of multiple caregivers raise the possibility of unintentional nonadherence. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Michigan State Univ, Flint, MI USA. NYU, Ehrenkranz Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Rho Fed Syst Div Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Wade, SL (reprint author), 333 W Sycamore St, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RI Holden, Gary/A-2290-2008; Islam, Shaheen/E-3288-2011; OI Holden, Gary/0000-0002-7227-3652 FU PHS HHS [A1-30752, A1-30756, UO1 A1-30751] NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1097/00004703-199904000-00004 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 185KE UT WOS:000079667500004 PM 10219687 ER PT J AU Brogdon, WG McAllister, JC Corwin, AM Cordon-Rosales, C AF Brogdon, WG McAllister, JC Corwin, AM Cordon-Rosales, C TI Independent selection of multiple mechanisms for pyrethroid resistance in guatemalan Anopheles albimanus (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles albimanus; insecticide resistance; pyrethroids; esterases; oxidases; multiresistance ID MOSQUITO PROTEIN MICROASSAY; MICROPLATE ASSAY ANALYSIS; MALATHION RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ARABIENSIS; GAMBIAE AB Isofemale lines were established containing either, both, or neither of the elevated esterase and oxidase resistance mechanisms conferring pyrethroid resistance in a Guatemalan strain of Anopheles albimanus (Wiedemann). Plots of esterase and oxidase levels for individual mosquitoes from these single families correlated with data obtained using oxidase and esterase synergists in bioassays run in the bottle format. Mixed populations of pyrethroid-resistant A. albimanus adult females were selected using DDT, permethrin, or malathion; and the esterase and oxidase levels of the individual progeny were plotted. These data showed that the 3 classes of insecticide selected the 2 mechanisms differently. These results are discussed in terms of the problem of multiresistance surveillance in the field, especially concerning pyrethroid insecticides and the interaction of agricultural and public health insecticide application. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brogdon, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 92 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 194AX UT WOS:000080170900009 PM 10333749 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GR Hossner, KL Yemm, RS Gould, DH O'Callaghan, JP AF Schmidt, GR Hossner, KL Yemm, RS Gould, DH O'Callaghan, JP TI An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glial fibrillary acidic protein as an indicator of the presence of brain or spinal cord in meat SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB The current methods to detect central nervous system (CNS) tissue in blood, lungs, or meat are cumbersome, time consuming, and costly. The objective of this study was to use glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is restricted to the CNS, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of CNS tissue in blood and muscle from beef cattle. Bovine brain, cerebral cortex, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, diaphragm, blood clots, and other skeletal muscle were obtained from three animals at slaughter. The limit for detection of GFAP was approximately 1.0 ng and the standard curve was linear up to 40 ng. Tissue samples gave responses parallel to the GFAP standard, suggesting that standard and unknown samples were immunoreactively identical. No GFAP was detected in skeletal muscle (ground beef, shoulder clod, and diaphragm) and blood clots. Trace amounts (13.5 to 51 ng/mg) were present in sciatic nerve. In contrast, high levels of GFAP (55 to 220 mu g/mg) were present in spinal cord, cerebral cortex (17 mu g/mg); and whole brain (9 to 55 mu g/mg). In a storage study using two animals in two separate studies, immunoreactive GFAP was detectable for up to 8 days at 4 degrees C in all tissues containing neural elements. Thus, mixtures of muscle with spinal cord or brain retained almost 80% of their immunoreactivity after 8 days at 4 degrees C, while brain and spinal cord alone retained approximately 50% and 25%, respectively, of their initial activities. In a repeat experiment, 80 to 100% of the initial activity was retained in these tissues after 8 days at 4 degrees C. The results of the current study demonstrate that the GFAP ELISA provides a valid and repeatable method to detect CNS tissue contamination in meat. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Red Meat Safety, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Schmidt, GR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Red Meat Safety, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 10 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1999 VL 62 IS 4 BP 394 EP 397 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 185DU UT WOS:000079653500015 PM 10419214 ER PT J AU Hart, CE Lennox, JL Pratt-Palmore, M Wright, TC Schinazi, RF Evans-Strickfaden, T Bush, TJ Schnell, C Conley, LJ Clancy, KA Ellerbrock, TV AF Hart, CE Lennox, JL Pratt-Palmore, M Wright, TC Schinazi, RF Evans-Strickfaden, T Bush, TJ Schnell, C Conley, LJ Clancy, KA Ellerbrock, TV TI Correlation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in blood and the female genital tract SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 22-31, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CERVICOVAGINAL SECRETIONS; VIRAL LOAD; CERVICAL SECRETIONS; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT; HIV-1 DETECTION; INFECTED WOMEN; PCR ASSAY; DNA AB In this study, the correlations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in blood plasma, vaginal secretions, and cervical mucus of 52 HIV-l-infected women were determined, The amount of cell-free HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma was correlated with that in vaginal secretions (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) = 0.64, P < .001), In both blood plasma and vaginal secretions, the amounts of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 RNA were highly correlated (r = 0.76, P < .01 and r = 0.85, P < .01, respectively). Cell-free HIV-I RNA levels in blood plasma and vaginal secretions were negatively correlated with CD4(+) T lymphocyte count (r = -0.44, P < .01 and r = -0.40, P < .01, respectively). Similar to the effect observed in blood plasma, initiation of antiretroviral therapy significantly reduced the amount of HIV-1 RNA in vaginal secretions. These findings suggest that factors that lower blood plasma virus load may also reduce the risk of perinatal and female-to-male heterosexual transmission by lowering vaginal virus load. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, US Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. VA Med Ctr, Georgia VA Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Hart, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014; Schinazi, Raymond/B-6777-2017 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565; FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU412279] NR 34 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 179 IS 4 BP 871 EP 882 DI 10.1086/314656 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 182MY UT WOS:000079503800014 PM 10068582 ER PT J AU Trevejo, RT Krause, PJ Sikand, VK Schriefer, ME Ryan, R Lepore, T Porter, W Dennis, DT AF Trevejo, RT Krause, PJ Sikand, VK Schriefer, ME Ryan, R Lepore, T Porter, W Dennis, DT TI Evaluation of two-test serodiagnostic method for early Lyme disease in clinical practice SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 16-23, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; SEROLOGIC TESTS; DIAGNOSIS; OSPA; LABORATORIES; ANTIGENS; CRITERIA; ANTIBODY; ACCURACY AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend a two-test approach for the serodiagnosis of Lyme disease (LD), with EIA testing followed by Western immunoblotting (WB) of EIA-equivocal and -positive specimens, This approach was compared with a simplified two-test approach (WB of ELA equivocals only) and WE alone for early LD, Case-patients with erythema migrans (EM) rash greater than or equal to 5 cm were recruited from three primary-care practices in LD-endemic areas to provide acute- (S1) and convalescent-phase serum specimens (S2), The simplified approach had the highest sensitivity when either S1 or S2 samples were tested, nearly doubling when S2 were tested, while decreasing slightly for the other two approaches. Accordingly, the simplified approach had the lowest negative likelihood ratio for either S1 or S2. For early LD with EM, the simplified approach performed well and was less costly than the other testing approaches since less WE is required. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vectorborne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Farmington, CT 06032 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Farmington, CT 06032 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Trevejo, RT (reprint author), Sonoma Cty Dept Hlth Serv, 3313 Chanate Rd, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. EM rtrevejo@sonoma-county.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-42402] NR 36 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 179 IS 4 BP 931 EP 938 DI 10.1086/314663 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 182MY UT WOS:000079503800021 PM 10068589 ER PT J AU Fielden, LJ Jones, RM Goldberg, M Rechav, Y AF Fielden, LJ Jones, RM Goldberg, M Rechav, Y TI Feeding and respiratory gas exchange in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermacentor variabilis; ixodid tick; feeding; metabolic rate; water balance ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ACARI; IXODIDAE; VENTILATION; ANDERSONI; SAY AB This study investigated the effect of blood feeding on respiratory gas exchange in the dog tick Dermacentor variabilis. Adult male and female ticks were fed on bovine hosts from 1 to 11 days, females fed slowly for the first. 6 days and then rapidly engorged on blood 2-3 days prior to dropping from the host. Ticks were removed at daily intervals during feeding, weighed and CO2 emission measured at 25 degrees C using flow-through respirometry. During feeding, females (N = 39) showed a 100-fold gain in mass from 5.78 +/- 1.05 mg to 541.15 +/- 18.60 mg while standard metabolic rate ((V) over dot co(2)) increased from 0.179 +/- 0.030 mu l h(-1) in unfed ticks to 87.32 +/- 5.72 mu l h(-1) in fully engorged ticks. CO2 release prior to feeding was highly discontinuous with discrete spiracular bursts of CO2 emission approximately every 30 min. For CO2 emission measured in detached partially or completely fed ticks, burst frequency became more and more rapid as feeding progressed and changed to continuous sustained CO2 output during rapid engorgement. In contrast to females, male ticks (N = 20) showed little change in mass and maintained discontinuous CO2 throughout the 11 day attachment period on the host. The switch from discontinuous to continuous CO2 release and presumed increase in respiratory water loss in female ticks is correlated to an increase in metabolic expenditure associated with blood meal digestion rather than any factor relating directly to maintenance of water balance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Chem, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Berry Coll, Dept Anim Sci, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fielden, LJ (reprint author), Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(98)00127-9 PG 8 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 184RX UT WOS:000079628100001 ER PT J AU Hengel, R Jones, B Kennedy, S Hubbard, M Mcdougal, S AF Hengel, R Jones, B Kennedy, S Hubbard, M Mcdougal, S TI Density dependent recovery of naive-phenotype (CD4(+)CD45RA(+)CD62l) T-cells after triple-drug therapy for HIV-1 infection SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 4 SU S BP 193A EP 193A PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 182AV UT WOS:000079477100078 ER PT J AU Garabedian, MJ Hoppin, JA Tolbert, PE Herrick, RF Brann, EA AF Garabedian, MJ Hoppin, JA Tolbert, PE Herrick, RF Brann, EA TI Occupational chlorophenol exposure and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; RISK; MORTALITY; CANCER AB Occupational exposure to chlorophenols is suspected to increase non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) risk. This association was examined using data on 995 NHL cases and 1783 controls from the Selected Cancers Study, a population-based case-control study of npn aged 32 to 60 years from eight population-based cancer registries conducted from 1984 to 1988. Potential chlorophenol exposure was characterized by an industrial hygienist using intensity estimates and confidence ratings, based upon review of verbatim job histories. Cases with substantial chlorophenol exposure had a significantly greater number of years of chlorophenol exposure (median years: cases, 4.0; controls, 2.0; P = 0.046); however, in conditional logistic regression models, the odds ratio for more than 8 years of substantial exposure was 1.51 (95 % CI, 0.88 to 2.59). Overall, the findings do not provide strong support for an association with NHL risk. Chlorophenol exposure in this study is not based upon measured values and, therefore, may fail to characterize actual chlorophenol exposures accurately. Because of the large presence of machinists in the potentially chlorophenol-exposed group, these results may be underestimated by exposure misclassification if these subjects were not exposed to chlorophenolic biocides. However; these results are consistent with other findings, which suggest that chlorophenol exposure is not likely to be a strong risk factor for NHL. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tolbert, PE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [1R29CA63622-01A1] NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 41 IS 4 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1097/00043764-199904000-00008 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187PG UT WOS:000079795000008 PM 10224592 ER PT J AU Reissman, DB Orris, P Lacey, R Hartman, DE AF Reissman, DB Orris, P Lacey, R Hartman, DE TI Downsizing, role demands, and job stress SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL-SAFETY; HEALTH AB This is a cross-sectional study consisting of self-administered survey instruments to measure psychological distress and stress-inducing work demands after 6 months of rumors about an upcoming corporate downsizing event. The workforce consisted predominantly of white males who were marred, college-educated, and nonsmokers. Higher stress levels were seen among older, more educated workers, who had longer company tenure. Role boundary problems, noxious physical environments, and company tenure were retained in the final multivariable model predicting distress level. The ongoing time delay for management to implement the threatened layoff and beer rankings for a new job performance appraisal contributed to a decline in worker solidarity because of concerns about career and job security. These uncertainties reduced worker productivity and effective teamwork. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Occupat Med, Great Lakes Ctr Occupat & Environm Safety & Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Div Occupat Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Chicago Med Sch, Chicago, IL USA. RP Reissman, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-42, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 41 IS 4 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1097/00043764-199904000-00011 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187PG UT WOS:000079795000011 PM 10224595 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Warren, M Galland, GG AF Collins, WE Warren, M Galland, GG TI Studies on infections with the Berok strain of Plasmodium cynomolgi in monkeys and mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Infections with the Berok strain of Plasmodium cynomolgi were induced in Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina, Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus azarae boliviensis, and Saimiri boliviensis monkeys. Transmission was obtained with sporozoites developing in Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles culicifacies, and Anopheles dirus mosquitoes. This strain of P. cynomolgi offers significant potential for a number of experimental studies. The parasite induces high-density parasite counts in both Old World and New World monkeys; rhesus monkeys readily support the development of gametocytes infectious to different anopheline mosquitoes routinely maintained in the laboratory; the gametocytes are infective to laboratory-maintained Anopheles albimanus, a vector rarely susceptible to plasmodia of Old World monkeys; encapsulated oocysts are produced in All. culicifacies as well as in Anopheles gambiae; and the parasite has been adapted to long-term in vitro culture. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 85 IS 2 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.2307/3285631 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 184XB UT WOS:000079638100018 PM 10219307 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, HM AF Rosenberg, HM TI Cause of death as a contemporary problem SO JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rosenberg, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-5045 J9 J HIST MED ALL SCI JI J. Hist. Med. Allied Sci. PD APR PY 1999 VL 54 IS 2 BP 133 EP 153 DI 10.1093/jhmas/54.2.133 PG 21 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Health Care Sciences & Services; History & Philosophy of Science GA 201WR UT WOS:000080620300003 PM 10453679 ER PT J AU Noe, KH Cenciarelli, C Moyer, SA Rota, PA Shin, ML AF Noe, KH Cenciarelli, C Moyer, SA Rota, PA Shin, ML TI Requirements for measles virus induction of RANTES chemokine in human astrocytoma-derived U373 cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; CLASS-I EXPRESSION; HUMAN GLIAL-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CYTOKINE RANTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; T-CELLS AB Interferons and chemokines play a critical role in regulating the host response to viral infection. Measles virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, induces RANTES expression by astrocytes. We have examined the mechanism of this induction in U373 cells derived from a human astrocytoma. RANTES was induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner by measles virus infection. Inhibition of receptor binding by the anti-CD46 antibody TRA-2.10 and of virus-membrane fusion by the tripeptide X-Phe-Phe-Gly reduced RANTES expression. Formalin-inactivated virus, which can bind but not fuse, and extensively UV-irradiated virus, which can bind and fuse, were both ineffective. Therefore, virus binding tol the cellular receptor CD46 and subsequent membrane fusion were necessary, but not sufficient, to induce RANTES. UV irradiation of virus for less than 10 min proportionally inhibited viral transcription and RANTES expression. RANTES induction was decreased in infected cells treated with ribavirin, which inhibits measles virus transcription. However, RANTES mRNA was superinduced by measles virus in the presence of cycloheximide. These data suggest that partial transcription of the viral genome is sufficient and necessary for RANTES induction, whereas viral protein synthesis and replication are not required. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that RANTES was induced through transient expression of the measles virus nucleocapsid gene but not by measles genes encoding P or L proteins or by leader RNA in A549 cells. Thus, transcription of specific portions of measles virus RNA, such as the nucleocapsid gene, appears able to generate the specific signaling required to induce RANTES gene expression. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shin, ML (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 10 S Pine St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM mshin@umaryland.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01-NS36231, R01-NS15662] NR 51 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 73 IS 4 BP 3117 EP 3124 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 175XY UT WOS:000079122400063 PM 10074163 ER PT J AU Harcourt, BH Sanchez, A Offermann, MK AF Harcourt, BH Sanchez, A Offermann, MK TI Ebola virus selectively inhibits responses to interferons, but not to Interleukin-1 beta, in endothelial cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; STIMULATED GENE FACTOR-3; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; NF-KAPPA-B; ADHESION; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; INFECTION; ANTIGEN AB Ebola virus infection is highly lethal and leads to severe immunosuppression. In this study, we demonstrate that infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Ebola virus Zaire (EZ) suppressed basal expression of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) family of proteins and inhibited the induction of multiple genes by alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, including those coding for MHC I proteins, 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase [2'-5'(A)(N)], and IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1). Induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ICAM-1 by IL-1 beta was not suppressed by infection with EZ, suggesting that the inhibition of IFN signaling is specific. Gel shift analysis demonstrated that infection with EZ blocked the induction by IFNs of nuclear proteins that bind to IFN-stimulated response elements, gamma activation sequences, and IFN regulatory factor binding site (IRF-E). In contrast, infection with EZ did not block activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B by IL-1 beta. The events that lead to the blockage of IFN signaling may be critical for Ebola virus-induced immunosuppression and would play a role in the pathogenesis of Ebola virus infection. C1 Emory Univ, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Program Genet & Mol Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Div Hematol & Oncol, Dept Internal Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Offermann, MK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Winship Canc Ctr, 1365 B Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mofferm@emory.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA60345] NR 32 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 73 IS 4 BP 3491 EP 3496 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 175XY UT WOS:000079122400108 PM 10074208 ER PT J AU Kosoy, MY Regnery, RL Kosaya, OI Childs, JE AF Kosoy, MY Regnery, RL Kosaya, OI Childs, JE TI Experimental infection of cotton rats with three naturally occurring Bartonella species SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE animal model; bacteremia; Bartonella spp.; cotton rat; experimental infection; immune response; rodents; Sigmodon hispidus ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; SP-NOV; HENSELAE; GRAHAMELLA; CATS AB The kinetics of infection and humoral immune response of laboratory-bred cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) challenged with three Bartonella spp. recovered from the blood of naturally infected cotton rats captured in Georgia (USA) are described. Bartonella spp. infection, as determined by bacteremia, occurred in all 18 cotton rats inoculated with live Bartonella of each species at either a low dose, 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU's), or high dose, 10(7) CFU. Cotton rats inoculated with lower doses of Bartonella spp, developed higher bacteremia that persisted for longer periods than in those inoculated with high doses. Peak bacteremia varied among Bartonella spp, ranging from 10(4) to 10(6) CFUs per 1.0 mi of blood. Antibody measured by immunofluorescence assays using species-specific antigens indicated more rapidly rising and higher antibody titers in cotton rats challenged with high doses vs. low doses and with inactivated bacteria vs. live bacteria. Each group of rats produced high IgG titers to the homologous challenge antigen; low or unmeasurable cross-reactivity was detected to heterologous Bartonella antigens. Exposure of cotton rats to a specific Bartonella sp. resulted in protection, as measured by detectable bacteremia, in eight of nine animals challenged with the same Bartonella sp. used initially; no evidence of resistance to secondary challenge with different Bartonella spp. was obtained. Cross-protection between Bartonella spp., isolated from the same rodent species, may not occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kosoy, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 18 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 275 EP 284 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 191EJ UT WOS:000080009000013 PM 10231754 ER PT J AU Mintz, E AF Mintz, E TI Safe for drinking SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Diarrheal Dis Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mintz, E (reprint author), CDC, Diarrheal Dis Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD APR PY 1999 VL 108 IS 3 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178HR UT WOS:000079260700002 ER PT J AU Shaffer, N Bulterys, M Simonds, RJ AF Shaffer, N Bulterys, M Simonds, RJ TI Short courses of zidovudine and perinatal transmission of HIV SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 1 PY 1999 VL 340 IS 13 BP 1042 EP 1042 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 182GA UT WOS:000079489800015 PM 10189284 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Sweeney, MH Deddens, J Wall, DK AF Calvert, GM Sweeney, MH Deddens, J Wall, DK TI Evaluation of diabetes mellitus, serum glucose, and thyroid function among United States workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dioxin; diabetes mellitus; thyroid function tests; cross sectional study ID MORTALITY; INCIDENT; HEALTH; TCDD AB Objective-Some studies suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may affect glucose metabolism and thyroid function. To further assess the relation between exposure to TCDD and endocrine function, data from the largest morbidity study of industrial workers exposed to TCDD were examined. Methods-A cross sectional study of workers employed >15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol or one of its derivatives at two United States chemical plants was conducted. The referent group consisted of people with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and were recruited from the neighbourhoods where the workers lived. Results-A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated. The mean current serum lipid adjusted TCDD concentration among workers was 220 pg/g lipid, and among referents was 7 pg/g lipid (p<0.05). The half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations (the estimated TCDD concentration when occupational exposure to TCDD stopped) among workers averaged 1900 pg/g lipid (range: not detected-30 000 pg/g Lipid). Overall, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was not significantly different between the workers and referents. Also, there was not a significant positive trend between prevalence of diabetes and increasing serum TCDD concentration. However, diabetes was found in six of 10 (60%) workers with current serum TCDD concentrations >1500 pg/g lipid. After excluding subjects being treated for diabetes, workers in the group with the highest half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations had a significantly increased adjusted mean serum glucose concentration compared with referents (p=0.03). Workers were also found to have a significantly higher adjusted mean free thyroxine index compared with referents (p=0.02), especially among workers in the group with the highest half life extrapolated TCDD concentrations. However, no evidence was found that workers exposed to TCDD were at increased risk of thyroid disease. Conclusions-These findings provide modest evidence that exposure to TCDD may affect thyroid function and glucose metabolism. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Eval & Field Stud, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Eval & Field Stud, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JAC6@CDC.GOV NR 21 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 10 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 56 IS 4 BP 270 EP 276 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 177MD UT WOS:000079213100009 PM 10450245 ER PT J AU Kosrirukvongs, P Wanachiwanawin, D Vivesvara, GS AF Kosrirukvongs, P Wanachiwanawin, D Vivesvara, GS TI Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis with chlorhexidine SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-LENS WEARERS; RISK-FACTORS; POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE; PROPAMIDINE; DIAGNOSIS; CHEMOTHERAPY; KERATOPLASTY; DEBRIDEMENT; MANAGEMENT; NEOMYCIN AB Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine solution in the treatment of patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis. Design: Prospective nonrandomized study, Participants: Five patients infected with culture-proven Acanthamoeba keratitis. Intervention: Chlorhexidine solution was used hourly on six eyes and gradually reduced to four times a day after 1 month. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 10 months (mean, 4 months), Main Outcome Measures: Severity of symptoms and signs, time for healing, and final visual acuity. Results: Clinical results in four patients showed improved visual acuity, with a rapid recovery within 1 week. No adverse drug reaction was encountered, but one patient with a perforated ulcer developed glaucoma. Eighty-three percent of 6 eyes were medically cured with chlorhexidine and recovered visual acuity 6/18 or better, Four of five patients improved within 3 weeks, with resolution of infiltration and healing of epithelial defects. By 2 to 3 weeks, Visual acuity 6/18 or better had improved in four (66.7%) of six eyes and recovered 6/6 in two eyes (33.3%), Bacterial coinfection occurred in one eye. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine dramatically hastened clinical improvement in all eyes and is a successful medical therapy that has excellent results in patients who are diagnosed early. C1 Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Parasitol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Kosrirukvongs, P (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. NR 49 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD APR PY 1999 VL 106 IS 4 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90169-0 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 180XB UT WOS:000079410200038 PM 10201605 ER PT J AU Alexander, GR Kogan, MD Himes, JH Mor, JM Goldenberg, R AF Alexander, GR Kogan, MD Himes, JH Mor, JM Goldenberg, R TI Racial differences in birthweight for gestational age and infant mortality in extremely-low-risk US populations SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; FETAL GROWTH; ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; PRETERM DELIVERY; PRENATAL FACTORS; MATERNAL RISK; WHITE INFANTS AB Using national data, we develop and contrast the birthweight percentiles for gestational age by infants of extremely-low-risk (ELR) White and African-American women and examine racial differences in the proportion of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births. We then scrutinise racial variations in infant mortality rates of the infants of ELR women. We further compare the infant mortality rates of infants at or below the 10th percentile of birthweight for gestational age of each race group to determine whether infants with similar restricted fetal growth have comparable risks of subsequent mortality. Single live births, 34-42 weeks' gestation, to White and African-American US-resident mothers were selected from the 1990-91 US Linked Live Birth-infant Death File (n = 4 360 829). Extremely-low-risk mothers were defined as: married, aged 20-34 years, 13+ years of education, multiparae, with average parity for age, adequate prenatal care, vaginal delivery, and no reports of medical risk factors, tobacco use or alcohol use during pregnancy. Marked racial variation in birthweight percentiles by gestational age was evident. Compared with ELR White mothers, the risk of an SGA infant was 2.64 times greater for ELR African-American mothers and the risk of infant mortality was 1.61 times greater. For the ELR group, the infant mortality rates of African-American and White infants at or below the 10th percentile of birthweight for gestational age of their respective maternal race group were essentially identical after controlling for gestational age. In conclusion, race differences in fetal growth patterns remained after controlling for risk status. Efforts to remove racial disparities in infant mortality will need to develop aetiological pathways that can explain why African-Americans have relatively higher rates of preterm birth and higher infant mortality rates among term and non-SGA infants. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Publ Hlth, Maternal & Child Hlth Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Alexander, GR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, 320-A Ryals Bldg,1665 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU PHS HHS [MCJ-0111, MCJ-9040, MCJ-0156] NR 67 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 205 EP 217 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 187DV UT WOS:000079772400008 PM 10214610 ER PT J AU Bergquist, R Colley, D AF Bergquist, R Colley, D TI Schistosomiasis vaccines: The need for more research before clinical trials - Reply SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bergquist, R (reprint author), WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD APR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 166 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01422-2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 180WA UT WOS:000079407100012 ER PT J AU Fontanesi, J Michaelson, M Loh, W Dueson, R AF Fontanesi, J Michaelson, M Loh, W Dueson, R TI A cost-benefit analysis of Electronic Immunization Registries SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Palomar Coll, San Diego, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 442 BP 77A EP 77A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00459 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700443 ER PT J AU Kolasa, M Petersen, T Brink, E Bulim, I Massoudi, M Rodewald, L AF Kolasa, M Petersen, T Brink, E Bulim, I Massoudi, M Rodewald, L TI Do extra injections affect immunization coverage? Impact of the sequential IPV/OPV schedule and use of DTaP in infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 601 BP 104A EP 104A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00618 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700602 ER PT J AU Kramarz, P Deuson, RR Reef, S Jones, RC Langvardt, D Miller, C Mayer, M Pezzino, G AF Kramarz, P Deuson, RR Reef, S Jones, RC Langvardt, D Miller, C Mayer, M Pezzino, G TI Economic impact of rubella outbreak in Southern Kansas in 1998 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 603 BP 104A EP 104A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00620 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700604 ER PT J AU Shefer, A Fritchley, J Stevenson, J Lyons, B Friedman, R Hopfensperger, D Mize, J Herrick, P Rodewald, L AF Shefer, A Fritchley, J Stevenson, J Lyons, B Friedman, R Hopfensperger, D Mize, J Herrick, P Rodewald, L TI Impact of immunization activities of improving the health care of low-income children in the WIC program, Milwaukee, 1995-97 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Milwaukee Publ Hlth Dept, Milwaukee, WI USA. State Wisconsin Publ Hlth Dept, Madison, WI USA. State Wisconsin WIC Program, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 615 BP 106A EP 106A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00632 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700616 ER PT J AU Zanardi, LR Kilgore, PE Vitek, CR Bisgard, KM Jennings, CE Murphy, TV AF Zanardi, LR Kilgore, PE Vitek, CR Bisgard, KM Jennings, CE Murphy, TV TI Rotavirus hospitalizations in children < 5 in the state of Illinois, 1993-1997 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Immunizat Sect, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 625 BP 108A EP 108A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00642 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700626 ER PT J AU Deuson, RR Alexopoulos, C Zhou, FJ Coleman, P Lyons, BH AF Deuson, RR Alexopoulos, C Zhou, FJ Coleman, P Lyons, BH TI A probabilistic benefit-cost model of hepatitis B vaccination SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 708 BP 122A EP 122A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00725 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700709 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, D Strebel, P Hadler, S Zhou, FJ Deuson, RR Lyons, BH AF Ekwueme, D Strebel, P Hadler, S Zhou, FJ Deuson, RR Lyons, BH TI Economic evaluation of diptheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine in the United States: A cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness model with visual basic application SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 711 BP 122A EP 122A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00728 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700712 ER PT J AU Franzini, L Rosenthal, J King, H Balderas, L Brown, M Milne, G Drutz, J Evans, D Kozinetz, C Oettgen, B Spears, W Hanson, IC AF Franzini, L Rosenthal, J King, H Balderas, L Brown, M Milne, G Drutz, J Evans, D Kozinetz, C Oettgen, B Spears, W Hanson, IC TI Cost and effectiveness of immunization reminder/recall systems for private providers SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth,Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 718 BP 124A EP 124A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00735 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700719 ER PT J AU Santoli, JM Barker, LE Gandhi, NB Lyons, BH Rodewald, L AF Santoli, JM Barker, LE Gandhi, NB Lyons, BH Rodewald, L TI Health department clinics as immunization providers for pediatric patients in urban and rural settings - A 1998 national survey SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 764 BP 131A EP 131A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00781 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700765 ER PT J AU Adamkiewicz, TV Farley, MM Baughman, W Schrag, S Elliot, J AF Adamkiewicz, TV Farley, MM Baughman, W Schrag, S Elliot, J TI Are children with sickle cell disease (SCD) at higher risk of developing penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) infections than other children? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 831 BP 143A EP 143A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-00848 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476700832 ER PT J AU Washington, ML Deuson, RR Buffington, J Gunn, RA Mercer, JT Kellerman, SE Zhou, FJ Hodgson, W AF Washington, ML Deuson, RR Buffington, J Gunn, RA Mercer, JT Kellerman, SE Zhou, FJ Hodgson, W TI A discrete-event computer simulation of an STD clinic to evaluate the feasibility of implementing hepatitis B vaccination in San Diego County SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 1038 BP 177A EP 177A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-01055 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476701039 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Zywicki, S Dinsmoor, M Mercer, B Romaguera, J O'Sullivan, MJ Patel, D Peters, M Stoll, BJ Schuchat, A AF Levine, OS Zywicki, S Dinsmoor, M Mercer, B Romaguera, J O'Sullivan, MJ Patel, D Peters, M Stoll, BJ Schuchat, A TI Risk factors and opportunities for prevention of early-onset neonatal sepsis: A multicenter case-control study SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Univ Miami, Med Ctr, Jackson Mem Hosp, Miami, FL USA. Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Broward Gen Med Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1999 VL 45 IS 4 MA 1216 BP 207A EP 207A DI 10.1203/00006450-199904020-01233 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182AQ UT WOS:000079476701217 ER PT J AU Branche, CM Sacks, JJ Logan, P AF Branche, CM Sacks, JJ Logan, P TI Can drowning in swimming pools be prevented? Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Branche, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 4 BP 856 EP 856 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182TZ UT WOS:000079515400058 ER PT J AU Rodewald, L Maes, E Stevenson, J Lyons, B Stokley, S Szilagyi, P AF Rodewald, L Maes, E Stevenson, J Lyons, B Stokley, S Szilagyi, P TI Immunization performance measurement in a changing immunization environment SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Primary Care Research Methods and Statistics Conference CY DEC 05, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE immunization; vaccination; performance measurement; quality of care; children ID NEW-YORK-STATE; INNER-CITY; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION COVERAGE; PRIMARY-CARE; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PEDIATRIC RESEARCH; OFFICE SETTINGS; AGE-CHILDREN AB Objective. The measurement of performance in the delivery of recommended vaccinations for children is used frequently as a marker for quality of care and as an outcome for studies of interventions to improve immunization coverage levels. The critical element of immunization performance measurement is the determination of immunization status. This methodologic review 1) discusses immunization status as a measure of quality of primary care for children, 2) describes immunization status measures used in immunization intervention studies, and 3) examines selected technical issues of immunization status measurement. Methods and Topics, 1) Description of the characteristics of immunization status measurements obtained by a systematic review of studies published between 1980 and 1997 on interventions to raise immunization coverage, and 2) illustration of technical considerations for immunization status measurement using one local database and one national database of immunization histories. Technical issues for immunization status measurement include 1) the need to use documented immunization histories rather than parental recall to determine immunization status, 2) the need to link records across providers to obtain complete records, 3) the sensitivity of immunization status to missing immunization data, and 4) the potential of measures incorporating combinations of immunizations to underestimate the degree of vaccination in a population. Conclusions. Immunization performance measurement has many characteristics of a robust quality of care measure, including high acceptance by primary care providers of routine vaccination, association of immunization status with the conduct of other clinical preventive services, agreed-on technical and programmatic standards of care, and legislative requirements for medical record documentation. However, it is not without challenges. Careful attention to technical issues has potential to improve immunization delivery health services research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY USA. RP Rodewald, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-52,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 79 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 4 SU S BP 889 EP 897 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 183YW UT WOS:000079583400009 PM 10103327 ER PT J AU Richards, MJ Edwards, JR Culver, DH Gaynes, RP AF Richards, MJ Edwards, JR Culver, DH Gaynes, RP CA Natl Nosocomial Infect Surveillance Syst TI Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE intensive care units; pediatrics; epidemiology; cross infection; risk factors; bacteremia; pneumonia; urinary tract infections ID HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; ENTEROBACTER BACTEREMIA; SURVEILLANCE-SYSTEM AB Objectives. To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States. Background. Patient and ICU characteristics in pediatric ICUs suggest the pattern of nosocomial infections experienced may differ from that seen in adult ICUs. Methods. Data were collected between January 1992 and December 1997 from 61 pediatric ICUs in the United States using the standard surveillance protocols and nosocomial infection site definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System's ICU surveillance component. Results. Data on 110 709 patients with 6290 nosocomial infections were analyzed. Primary bloodstream infections (28%), pneumonia (21%), and urinary tract infections (15%) were most frequent and were almost always associated with use of an invasive device. Primary blood-stream infections and surgical site infections were reported more frequently in infants aged 2 months or less as compared with older children. Urinary tract infections were reported more frequently in children >5 years old compared with younger children. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (38%) were the most common bloodstream isolates, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli were reported in 25% of primary bloodstream infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) was the most common species reported from pneumonia and Escherichia coli (19%), from urinary tract infections. Enterobacter spp. were isolated with increasing frequency from pneumonia and were the most common Gram-negative isolates from bloodstream infections. Device-associated infection rates for bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections did not correlate with length of stay, the number of hospital beds, or season. Conclusions. In pediatric ICUs, bloodstream infections were the most common nosocomial infection. The distribution of infection sites and pathogens differed with age and from that reported from adult ICUs. Device-associated infection rates were the best rates currently available for comparisons between units, because they were not associated with length of stay, the number of beds in the hospital, or season. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 132 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 4 BP art. no. EP e39 DI 10.1542/peds.103.4.e39 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 182TZ UT WOS:000079515400017 PM 10103331 ER PT J AU May, DS Kiefe, CI Funkhouser, E Fouad, MN AF May, DS Kiefe, CI Funkhouser, E Fouad, MN TI Compliance with mammography guidelines: Physician recommendation and patient adherence SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mammography; patient compliance; practice guidelines; physician's practice patterns; patient acceptance of health care ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; BREAST-CANCER; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; CHRONIC DISEASE; WOMEN; MEDICINE; DELIVERY AB Background Guidelines recommend that women ages 50-75 years receive screening mammography every 1-2 years. We related receipt of physician recommendations for mammography and patient adherence to such recommendations to several patient characteristics. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 1,111 women ages 50-75 attending three clinics in an urban university medical center. We ascertained overall compliance with mammography guidelines and two components of compliance: receipt of a physician recommendation and adherence to a recommendation. Outcome measures were the proportion of patients demonstrating each type of compliance and adjusted odds ratios, according to several patient-related characteristics. Results. Overall, 66% of women received a recommendation. Of women receiving a documented recommendation, 75% adhered. Factors showing significant positive associations with receiving a recommendation included being a patient in the general internal medicine clinic, having private insurance, visiting the clinic more often, and having a recent Pap smear. Patient adherence was positively associated with private insurance and Pap smear history, negatively associated with internal medicine, and not associated with visit frequency. Conclusions, Patient factors influencing physician mammography recommendations may be different from those associated with patient adherence, except for having private health insurance, which was a predictor of both. (C) 1999 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA. RP May, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dsm1@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 386 EP 394 DI 10.1006/pmed.1998.0443 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 183MF UT WOS:000079556800008 PM 10090868 ER PT J AU Sauter, SL Hurrell, JJ AF Sauter, SL Hurrell, JJ TI Occupational health psychology: Origins, content, and direction SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID WORK; PROGRAMS; OPPORTUNITIES; PREVENTION; PROMOTION; DISEASE; SAFETY; MODEL; NIOSH AB Rapidly changing conditions of work and employment have brought the topic of work organization and health to the forefront of concern in occupational safety and health. This article begins with a historical overview of psychology's contribution to the occupational safety and health field. It then argues that the changing work environment creates new and special needs for research and application by psychologists in the area of work organization and health. The article also describes new initiatives by national health organizations in the United States and Europe to frame a new Geld of study that focuses on the topic of work organization and health, called "occupational health psychology." C1 NIOSH, Appl Psychol & Ergon Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sauter, SL (reprint author), NIOSH, Appl Psychol & Ergon Branch, Mail Stop C-24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD APR PY 1999 VL 30 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.30.2.117 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 187BF UT WOS:000079765600002 ER PT J AU Soni, MG Ramaiah, SK Mumtaz, MM Clewell, H Mehendale, HM AF Soni, MG Ramaiah, SK Mumtaz, MM Clewell, H Mehendale, HM TI Toxicant-inflicted injury and stimulated tissue repair are opposing toxicodynamic forces in predictive toxicology SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th SOT Conference CY 1998 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID ANTIMITOTIC AGENT COLCHICINE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; HEPATOTOXICITY; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; REGENERATION; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; RISK AB These studies were designed to investigate the dose response for liver injury and tissue repair induced by exposure to four structurally and mechanistically dissimilar hepatotoxicants, individually and as mixtures. The objective was to illuminate the impact of the extent and timeliness of tissue repair on the ultimate outcome of toxicity. Dose-response relationships for trichloroethylene (TCE), allyl alcohol (AA), thioacetamide (TA), and chloroform alone or as mixtures were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) received a single intraperitoneal injection of individual toxicants as well as mixtures of these toxicants. Liver injury was monitored by plasma enzyme (ALT and SDH) levels and histopathology. Tissue regeneration was measured by [H-3]thymidine incorporation into hepatic nuclear DNA. Individually, TCE, TA, and AA administration, over a 10- to 12-fold dose range, revealed a dose-related increase in injury as well as tissue repair up to a threshold dose. Beyond this threshold, tissue repair was delayed and attenuated, and liver injury progressed. Mixtures of the four chemicals at the higher doses used in individual dose-response studies resulted in 100% mortality. Hence, mixtures at the lower two doses were selected for further study. Additional lower doses were also included to better understand the dose-response relationship of mixtures. Results of these studies support the observations of individual chemicals. Higher and sustained repair was observed at low dose levels. These studies show that the extent of injury at early time points correlates well with the maximal stimulation of the opposing response of tissue repair. It appears that the toxicity of the mixture employed in these studies is roughly additive and correlates well with tissue repair response. These initial studies suggest that a biologically based mathematical model can be constructed and tested to extrapolate the outcome of toxicity from a given dose of individual compounds as well as their mixtures, where the responses measured are injury on the one hand and compensatory tissue repair on the other. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 NE Louisiana Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Div Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ICF Kaiser Int, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), NE Louisiana Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Div Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1006/rtph.1998.1280 PN 1 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 203FC UT WOS:000080696400007 PM 10341147 ER PT J AU Kulis, S Chong, Y Shaw, H AF Kulis, S Chong, Y Shaw, H TI Discriminatory organizational contexts and black scientists on postsecondary faculties SO RESEARCH IN HIGHER EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID AFFIRMATIVE-ACTION; WOMEN; SEGREGATION; DETERMINANTS; WORKERS; SEX AB Severe underrepresentation of African-Americans among postsecondary faculty is often linked to educational pipeline "supply" problems, while institutional variations in "demand" for black faculty labor and barriers to their recruitment and retention receive less empirical attention. Using a nationally representative sample of college faculty from a wide array of institutions and science disciplines, this study investigates links between internal organizational conditions and black faculty representation. Hypotheses derive from competing explanations of the role of race in academic organizations: institutionalized discrimination to protect dominant group privileges; statistical discrimination based on expectations of racial group differences in academic preparation; labor supply and political constraints on black faculty recruitment. A multivariate analysis examines organizational conditions that promote or curb these dynamics and their relationship to black appointments at different tenure levels. Results indicate that although the discipiline-specific black doctoral labor supply is a powerful constraint on the representation of black faculty, selective organizational contexts are substantial influences as well. Although we find little evidence that insulation from competition or segmented faculty labor markets influence the racial composition of faculties, black faculty are more often found where institutionalized discrimination may be checked by greater formalization and black constituencies on campus. Consistent with statistical discrimination, black faculty are poorly represented at research-oriented institutions, even controlling for the scholarly reputation of doctoral credentials. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Sociol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Kulis, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Sociol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM KULIS@ASU.EDU NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0361-0365 J9 RES HIGH EDUC JI Res. High. Educ. PD APR PY 1999 VL 40 IS 2 BP 115 EP 148 DI 10.1023/A:1018778412377 PG 34 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 180QJ UT WOS:000079396400001 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Farley, TA Ewell, J Scioneaux, J AF Kohl, KS Farley, TA Ewell, J Scioneaux, J TI Usefulness of partner notification for syphilis control SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PROSTITUTION; EPIDEMIC; PERSISTENCE; CONTEXT; COCAINE AB Background and Objectives: In the United States, the recent syphilis epidemic has been followed by the lowest rates in 40 years. Syphilis control in the United States traditionally emphasizes partner notification; however, its role in elimination efforts remains undefined. Goal of the Study: To describe and compare outcome measures of partner notification during and after the epidemic. Study Design: Descriptive analysis of data obtained from interview records of patients with early syphilis in Louisiana during 1993 through 1996, Results: Of 12,927 patients with early syphilis, 3,245 (25%) were identified through partner notification. A total of 7,120 (55%) patients named at least one infected contact. Patients named a mean of 2.3 contacts, resulting in 29,248 named contacts; of these, 22,825 (78%) were examined. A total of 9,374 (41%) of examined contacts were infected, including 18% who were newly identified as infected. No substantial differences were found between epidemic and postepidemic years. Conclusion: Partner notification is successful in identifying and treating a large number of infected persons, However, complementary strategies will be needed to eliminate syphilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Off Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Sect, Room 615,325 Loyola Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1097/00007435-199904000-00003 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 184YJ UT WOS:000079641100003 PM 10225586 ER PT J AU Handsfield, HH Stone, KM Wasserheit, JN AF Handsfield, HH Stone, KM Wasserheit, JN TI Prevention agenda for genital herpes SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SIMPLEX C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Handsfield, HH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Mail Stop E02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.1097/00007435-199904000-00009 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 184YJ UT WOS:000079641100009 PM 10225592 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Pate, MS Hook, EW Kassler, WJ AF Gift, TL Pate, MS Hook, EW Kassler, WJ TI The rapid test paradox: When fewer cases defected lead to more cases treated - A decision analysis of tests for Chlamydia trachomatis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; SCREENING CRITERIA; WOMEN; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; AZITHROMYCIN; GONORRHEA; PERFORMANCE AB Background and Objectives: Screening tests for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis include those processed in laboratories and those designed to be processed at the point of care. The latter tests can yield results at the time of the initial patient visit, but most available lab-processed tests have greater sensitivity, In settings where a proportion of patients do not return for treatment after positive test results, the less sensitive rapid tests could lead to the treatment of more patients and be more cost-effective. Goal of this Study: To determine the situations, if any, in which a rapid test might be more cost-effective and treat more infections than lab-based tests. Study Design: A decision analysis framework was used to compare one point-of-care test (the BioStar Chlamydia OIA) with two lab-based tests (cell culture and the polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay). It was assumed that all women in the model would be screened. Variables included in the analysis were the prevalence, test sensitivity and specificity, the probability of developing pelvic inflammatory disease after treated and untreated chlamydial infections, and the likelihood that patients would wait for rapid test results or return to the facility for treatment. Results: The rapid test treated more cases of infection than the PCR alone if the return rate was less than 65%. A two-test algorithm of the rapid test followed by a PCR test on those initially testing negative identified and treated the greatest number of chlamydial infections and was the most cost-effective at all prevalences above 9%, but this finding was sensitive to the cost estimate for pelvic inflammatory disease. Conclusion: In settings where patient return for treatment is a problem, point-of-care tests contribute significantly to the detection and treatment of chlamydial infections among women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1097/00007435-199904000-00010 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 184YJ UT WOS:000079641100010 PM 10225593 ER PT J AU Chernesky, M Morse, S Schachter, J AF Chernesky, M Morse, S Schachter, J TI Newly available and future laboratory tests for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) other than HIV SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Conspiracy to Innovate CY JUL 10, 1998 CL MENLO PK, CALIFORNIA SP Kaiser Family Fdn ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; GARDNERELLA-VAGINALIS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; AMPLIFICATION; SPECIMENS; ASSAY; DNA AB Background and Objectives: The development and introduction of nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests by commercial sources has improved our ability to diagnose chlamydial infections and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), A review of approaches to diagnosing STDs can provide a clearer picture of the present needs, Goals: To review the advantage and disadvantages of current and future diagnostic approaches. Study Design: Survey the literature and define current and future needs in developed and developing country settings. Results: The increase in analytical sensitivity afforded by NAA has enabled the use of noninvasive specimens, such as first-void urine (FVU) and self-obtained vaginal swabs, for diagnostic testing and screening asymptomatic low-prevalence populations and hard-to-access populations, This technology allows multiplexing in which targets from multiple agents responsible for a particular syndrome can be amplified and detected, Although NAA tests have been designed to minimize contamination, there is some reluctance to replace less sensitive tests with this new technology, The concerns involve potential false positive and false negative results caused by the presence of inhibitors, even though the rates of false results are low, Other concerns are cost, through-put, hands-on time, and time necessary for results. Conclusions: Nucleic acid amplification tests are a great improvement and additional tests are needed for the diagnosis of STDs at the point of first encounter, with minimal delay between diagnosis and treatment. Affordable tests, which are rapid, sensitive, and specific are needed for use in resource-limited settings where most STDs are seen; this has been a major undertaking for the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diagnostics Initiative. C1 St Josephs Hosp, Med Microbiol Serv, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Chernesky, M (reprint author), St Josephs Hosp, Med Microbiol Serv, 50 Charlton Ave E, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP S8 EP S11 DI 10.1097/00007435-199904001-00003 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 185QV UT WOS:000079681800003 PM 10227694 ER PT J AU DeLisle, S Wasserheit, JN AF DeLisle, S Wasserheit, JN TI Accelerated campaign to enhance STD services (ACCESS) for youth - Successes, challenges, and lessons learned SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Conspiracy to Innovate CY JUL 10, 1998 CL MENLO PK, CALIFORNIA SP Kaiser Family Fdn ID RISK AB Background and Objectives: Adolescents have the highest sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence and are often hard to reach with preventive services, Fourteen youth-focused projects were funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1994 through 1995 to pilot innovative, locally relevant, locally acceptable approaches; expand the range and accessibility of services beyond clinic-based facilities; and stimulate increased commitment of local resources. Design: Review and synthesis of 14 youth-focused, innovative projects. Results: Most projects undertook multiple interventions (11/14) in multiple venues (9/14), The majority (9/14) incorporated behavioral interventions, and half offered clinical services in nontraditional settings such as detention facilities, schools, parks, and parking lots. Six projects used peer volunteers; four worked with community coalitions. Most (12/14) obtained local resources, Where assessed, parental support was strong for providing STD prevention services, Conclusions: These projects increased the access and range of services available to a substantial number of high-risk youth with high STD rates. However, sustaining and scaling-up pilot project activities will be resource intensive. Increased financial and training support to augment evaluation capacity will be critical for innovation to become an integral part of STD prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DeLisle, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS 3-27, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP S28 EP S41 DI 10.1097/00007435-199904001-00008 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 185QV UT WOS:000079681800008 PM 10227697 ER PT J AU Kamali, A Nunn, AJ Mulder, DW Van Dyck, E Dobbins, JG Whitworth, JAG AF Kamali, A Nunn, AJ Mulder, DW Van Dyck, E Dobbins, JG Whitworth, JAG TI Seroprevalence and incidence of genital ulcer infections in a rural Ugandan population SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE genital ulcer infections; HIV-1; rural population ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-1 INFECTION; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; RISK-FACTORS; HERPES; ANTIBODIES; TANZANIA; TYPE-2 AB Objectives: To determine age-sex specific seroprevalence and incidence rates of Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and HSV-2; to assess the association between HIV-1 status and incidence of these STIs; and HSV-2 serostatus with number of lifetime sexual partners. Methods: Antibodies against HIV-1, T pallidum, H ducreyi, and HSV-2 infections were tested using approximately 1000 paired (2 year interval) sera collected from a rural adult (15-54 years) population cohort in south west Uganda. Results: Overall HIV-1 prevalence was 4.9%. Prevalence for T pallidum was 12.9% among males and 12.6% among females. The corresponding rates for H ducreyi were 9.8% and 7.3% respectively. HSV-2 prevalence rates were considerably lower in males (36.0%) than in females (71.5%), p <0.001. Incidence rates for T pallidum per 1000 person years of observation were 8.4 for males and 12.3 for females. The corresponding rates for H ducreyi were 21.6 and 20.0 and for HSV-2 were 73.2 and 122.9 per 1000 person years of observation, respectively. The RR of HSV-2 incidence was 3.69 in HIV seropositive cases versus HIV seronegative after adjusting for age and sex. The corresponding RR for H ducreyi was 3.50 among female HN positive cases versus negatives with no effect seen in males. Association between HIV-1 prevalence and prevalence of other STIs was significant (Mantel-Haenszel test) for H ducreyi (p=0.01) and for HSV-2 (p=0.004) but not for T pallidum (p >0.4). HSV-2 prevalence was associated with number of lifetime sexual partners (females, p=0.003; males, p=0.08). Conclusions: The results have provided a reliable estimate of the magnitude of the STI problem and demonstrated an association between HIV-1 status and serology of other STIs in a general rural population in sub-Saharan Africa. The study has also highlighted a correlation between HSV-2 seropositivity and number of reported lifetime sexual partners. C1 MRC, Programme AIDS Uganda, Inst Virus Res, Entebbe, Uganda. UCL, Sch Med, Mortimer Market Ctr, London W1N 8AA, England. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Social Med, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Inst Trop Med Prince Leopold, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. CDC, Viral Immunol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kamali, A (reprint author), MRC, Programme AIDS Uganda, Inst Virus Res, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. NR 31 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD APR PY 1999 VL 75 IS 2 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 195KN UT WOS:000080249900007 PM 10448361 ER PT J AU Thomas, JC Clark, M Robinson, J Monnett, M Kilmarx, PH Peterman, TA AF Thomas, JC Clark, M Robinson, J Monnett, M Kilmarx, PH Peterman, TA TI The social ecology of syphilis SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; CULTURAL COMPETENCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; HIV; AIDS; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY AB Factors affecting the transmission of syphilis can be categorized into those acting at the level of individuals (e.g., number of sex partners) and others at the level of the sociophysical environment (e.g., availability of treatment services for curable infections). In a prior study, we identified several sociophysical factors correlated with the ten-year mean syphilis rate in a regression analysis of United States counties. In the present study we used qualitative methods to investigate additional aspects of some factors in the regression, as well as to identify entirely new factors. Twelve counties with populations less than 100,000 and ten-year mean syphilis rates that were greater or less than expected by the regression model were selected for a three to five day visit. The case study protocol included observations, unstructured interviews with care providers and county residents, and a standardized questionnaire completed by state and local sexually transmitted disease control personnel pertaining to characteristics and practices of the local health department. Comparisons of the field notes and questionnaires revealed patterns of factors of the sociophysical environment that potentially affect county syphilis rates. These included access to the health department STD clinic, race relations, employment opportunities for minorities, interagency coordination, STD outreach activities, the social acceptability of discussing STDs, and intercommunity dynamics. In addition we noted the disproportionate influence of particular individuals on these factors. Some of the factors identified are readily quantifiable and could enhance the predictive power of multivariable models of county syphilis rates. The hypotheses generated by this study may also lead to a better measurement and understanding of potentially important environmental determinants of community syphilis rates, and the development of new or enhanced prevention strategies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thomas, JC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU PHS HHS [S112-14/14] NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1081 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00408-0 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 181UR UT WOS:000079461300009 PM 10390046 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD AF Lawn, SD TI Bronchiectasis: frequent misdiagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Letter ID TUBERCULOSIS C1 Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Med Sci, Dept Med, Kumasi, Ghana. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Retrovirus Dis Branch G 19, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD APR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 120 EP 121 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 196NW UT WOS:000080315300029 PM 10418316 ER PT J AU Nolte, KB Palmer, RB Rao, NGS AF Nolte, KB Palmer, RB Rao, NGS TI Death of a truck driver: Fatal nicotinamide poisoning associated with intravenous drug use SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Med Examiner Coroner Informat Sharing Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Toxicol Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Div Sci Lab, Toxicol Bur, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Nolte, KB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD APR PY 1999 VL 170 IS 4 BP 242 EP 242 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 196QU UT WOS:000080319700016 PM 10344181 ER PT J AU Kirkwood, CD Gentsch, JR Hoshino, Y Clark, HF Glass, RI AF Kirkwood, CD Gentsch, JR Hoshino, Y Clark, HF Glass, RI TI Genetic and antigenic characterization of a serotype P[6]G9 human rotavirus strain isolated in the United States SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NEUTRALIZATION EPITOPES; VP4; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; VACCINES; CHILDREN; SITES AB During an epidemiologic survey of rotavirus infections established to monitor the prevalent G serotypes circulating in the United States, human P[6]G9, subgroup I rotavirus strains causing symptomatic infections were identified as the fourth most common serotype. In this report we describe the molecular and antigenic characterization of one of these P[6]G9 isolates (US1205). Neutralization and sequencing studies have demonstrated that both outer capsid proteins, VP7 and VP4, of US1205 are closely related to but genetically and antigenically distinguishable from those of standard G9 strains (e.g., F45, WI61) and standard P2A[6] strains (e.g., ST3, M37). Thus the complete antigenic type of US1205 is P2A[6]G9, subgroup I. Sequence analysis of the VP6 and NSP4 genes of US1205;indicates that strain US1205 possessed VP6 subgroup I and NSP4A genotype specificities. Finally, Northern hybridization studies suggest that the P[6]G9 strains are closely related to members of the DS-I genogroup except for their P[6] VP4 gene, which has been commonly identified in strains of both major human genogroups, and their G9 VP7 gene, which may have been derived by reassortment with a Wa genogroup strain. Examination of historic collections and prospective surveillance of strains will he needed to determine whether this strain has been present for some time or if it is emerging to compete with the other common serotypes of rotavirus, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kirkwood, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cek4@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 1999 VL 256 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9591 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 184MK UT WOS:000079615800006 PM 10087225 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG Gubler, DJ AF Rigau-Perez, JG Gubler, DJ TI Is there an inapparent dengue explosion? Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), CDC, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 27 PY 1999 VL 353 IS 9158 BP 1101 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76461-8 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 184LQ UT WOS:000079614000058 ER PT J AU Whong, WZ Gao, HG Zhou, G Ong, T AF Whong, WZ Gao, HG Zhou, G Ong, T TI Genetic alterations of cancer-related genes in glass fiber-induced transformed cells SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FIBERS; ONCOGENES; ASBESTOS; DNA AB Our previous studies have shown that glass fibers induced morphological transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells and that transformed cells possessed preneoplastic properties and transforming genes. In the current study, possible molecular mechanisms of glass fiber-induced cell transformation related to the activation and/or inactivation of cancer-related genes resulting from gene amplification and/or point mutations were investigated. Gene amplification was determined by Southern blot analysis of K-ras, H-ras, c-myc, and c-fos proto-oncogenes. Mutational spectra of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and the K-ras proto-oncogene were characterized by single-stranded conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Southern blot analysis showed that gene amplification was round in 56% (K-ras and c-myc), 67% (c-fos), and 100% (H-ras) of glass fiber-transformed cell lines. DNA sequencing analysis revealed that both transition and transversion mutations occurred and were concentrated in exon 2 of K-ras and exon 4 of p53. In addition, multiple mutations in different codons were found in K-ras and p53. These results suggest that ill glass fiber-induced cell transformation could be attributed to the activation of the H-ras, K-ras, c-myc, and c-fos proto-oncogenes and/or the inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene by gene amplification and/or point mutations and (2) multiple mutations might be due to genomic instability resulting from chromosomal alterations induced by glass fibers. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Whong, WZ (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD MAR 26 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 6 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1080/009841099157980 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 177XQ UT WOS:000079236700003 PM 10096362 ER PT J AU Mast, EE Alter, MJ Margolis, HS AF Mast, EE Alter, MJ Margolis, HS TI Strategies to prevent and control hepatitis B and C virus infections: a global perspective SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Vaccines and Immunization CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP Infect Control World Org ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major causes of acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. Chronic infection with these viruses often leads to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Both HBV and HCV are bloodborne viruses; however, HBV is transmitted efficiently by both percutaneous and mucosal exposures, and HCV is transmitted predominantly by percutaneous exposures. Because the relative importance of various modes of transmission of these viruses differs by country, the choice of specific prevention and control strategies depends primarily on the epidemiology of infection in a particular country. Comprehensive hepatitis B prevention strategies should include (1) prevention of perinatal HBV transmission, (2) hepatitis B vaccination at critical ages to interrupt transmission and (3) prevention of nosocomial HBV transmission. The prevention of hepatitis C is problematic because a vaccine to prevent HCV infection is not expected to be developed in the foreseeable future. From a global perspective, the greatest impact on the disease burden associated with HCV infection will most likely be achieved by focusing efforts on primary prevention strategies to reduce or eliminate the risk for transmission from nosocomial exposures (e.g. blood transfusion, unsafe injection practices) and high-risk practices (e.g, injecting drug use). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. RP Mast, EE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. NR 16 TC 130 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 26 PY 1999 VL 17 IS 13-14 SI SI BP 1730 EP 1733 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00415-0 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 178JM UT WOS:000079262600023 PM 10194830 ER PT J AU Pierce, LR Finlayson, J Epstein, JS Gaines, A Varricchio, F AF Pierce, LR Finlayson, J Epstein, JS Gaines, A Varricchio, F TI Hemolysis associated with 25% human albumin diluted with sterile water - United States, 1994-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 157, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US FDA, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 24 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 12 BP 1076 EP 1077 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 177EP UT WOS:000079197100012 ER PT J AU Aragon, T Katz, M Mintz, L Vugia, D Waterman, S Bradshaw, D Lacey, T Sanders, M Dwyer, D AF Aragon, T Katz, M Mintz, L Vugia, D Waterman, S Bradshaw, D Lacey, T Sanders, M Dwyer, D TI Nosocomial group A streptococcal infections associated with asymptomatic health-care workers - Maryland and California, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 163, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 City & Cty San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aragon, T (reprint author), City & Cty San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 24 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 12 BP 1077 EP 1078 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 177EP UT WOS:000079197100013 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Barr, JR Bailey, SL Lapeza, CR Beeson, MD Driskell, JW Brookes, LL Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Barr, JR Bailey, SL Lapeza, CR Beeson, MD Driskell, JW Brookes, LL Needham, LL TI Trace analysis of biological specimens using ion trap MS/MS, and high resolution MS: A critical comparison. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 115-ANYL BP U133 EP U133 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148100336 ER PT J AU Sweet, DV Anderson, VP Fang, JCF AF Sweet, DV Anderson, VP Fang, JCF TI An overview of the registry of toxic effects of chemical substances (RTECS (R)): Critical information on chemical hazards. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Caelum Res Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 012-CHAS BP U300 EP U300 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148100836 ER PT J AU Hengel, RL Jones, BM Kennedy, MS Hubbard, MR McDougal, JS AF Hengel, RL Jones, BM Kennedy, MS Hubbard, MR McDougal, JS TI Lymphocyte kinetics and precursor frequency-dependent recovery of CD4(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cells following triple-drug therapy for HIV type 1 infection SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; PHENOTYPE; INDINAVIR; DECREASE; SUBSETS; ADULTS; COUNTS AB New therapeutic regimens have dramatically altered morbidity and mortality attributed to HIV-1 infection. Changes in lymphocyte subsets after treatment may mirror salutary clinical changes. Over 4 months we analyzed lymphocyte subsets in 20 patients starting new HIV-1 therapy. Absolute numbers of lymphocytes, CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and B cells increased significantly by 4 months, but CD8(+) T cell and B cell increases were restricted to late-stage patients. Subset analysis revealed that the magnitude of recovering naive-phenotype CD4(+) T cells (slope) correlated with the number of these cells present at baseline, equaling or exceeding the memory-phenotype slope within days if these naive cells were abundant at baseline. Five of 10 patients in whom naive-phenotype CD4(+) T cells were absent at baseline partially repopulated these cells by 4 months. These findings have important implications for the origin and mechanisms of renewal of naive-phenotype CD4(+) T cells following effective treatment for HIV-1 infection. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hengel, RL (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 110 Kober Cogan Bldg,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1089/088922299311187 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 178MH UT WOS:000079269400005 PM 10195753 ER PT J AU Saksena, NK Wang, B Novembre, FJ Bolton, W Smit, TK Lal, RB AF Saksena, NK Wang, B Novembre, FJ Bolton, W Smit, TK Lal, RB TI Species-specific changes in the CCR5 gene from African and Asian nonhuman primates SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HIV-1 ENTRY; RECEPTOR C1 Westmead Hosp, WIHR, Ctr Virus Res, Retroviral Genet Lab, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Australian Red Cross, Blood Serv, Dept Virol & Biochem, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. Med Univ So Africa, Dept Virol, ZA-0204 Medunsa, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control, HIV & Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div HIV AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Saksena, NK (reprint author), Westmead Hosp, WIHR, Ctr Virus Res, Retroviral Genet Lab, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia. EM Nitins@westmed.wh.usyd.edu.au FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165] NR 15 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1089/088922299311231 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 178MH UT WOS:000079269400010 PM 10195758 ER PT J AU Levine, MM Cohen, D Green, M Levine, OS Mintz, ED AF Levine, MM Cohen, D Green, M Levine, OS Mintz, ED TI Fly control and shigellosis SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID HOUSEFLIES MUSCA-DOMESTICA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diarrheal Dis Epidemiol Sect, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Israel Ctr Dis Control, Gertner Inst, Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 20 PY 1999 VL 353 IS 9157 BP 1020 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70737-6 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 181BW UT WOS:000079421600073 PM 10459947 ER PT J AU Smith, SW Topliff, AR Danigelis, M Zvosec, DL Schrag, LL Freiwald, SA Gunn, SR Setzer, SC Rock, M Osterholm, MT Benson, BE Padilla, J Voorhees, R Sewell, CM Williams, L Shepherd, G Coody, G Simpson, DM AF Smith, SW Topliff, AR Danigelis, M Zvosec, DL Schrag, LL Freiwald, SA Gunn, SR Setzer, SC Rock, M Osterholm, MT Benson, BE Padilla, J Voorhees, R Sewell, CM Williams, L Shepherd, G Coody, G Simpson, DM CA CDC TI Adverse events associated with ingestion of gamma-butyrolactone - Minnesota, New Mexico, and Texas, 1998-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 137-140, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Hennepin Reg Poison Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Methodist Hosp, St Louis Pk, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. New Mexico Poison Ctr, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. N Texas Poison Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Environm Hazards & Epidemiol Sect, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects,Natl Ctr Envi, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, SW (reprint author), Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 11 BP 979 EP 980 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175EE UT WOS:000079079400010 ER PT J AU Das, R Harrison, R Sutton, P Souter, A Beckman, J Santamaria, B Steinmaus, C Sablan, O Edmiston, S Mehler, L Hernandez, B Schneider, F AF Das, R Harrison, R Sutton, P Souter, A Beckman, J Santamaria, B Steinmaus, C Sablan, O Edmiston, S Mehler, L Hernandez, B Schneider, F CA CDC TI Farm worker illness following exposure to carbofuran and other pesticides - Fresno County, California, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 113-116, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Occupat Hlth Branch, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Sablan Med Clin, Fresno, CA USA. Calif Dept Pesticide Regulat, Worker Hlth & Safety Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, CDC, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Das, R (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Occupat Hlth Branch, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 11 BP 981 EP 982 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175EE UT WOS:000079079400011 ER PT J AU Syngal, S Coakley, EH Willett, WC Byers, T Williamson, DF Colditz, GA AF Syngal, S Coakley, EH Willett, WC Byers, T Williamson, DF Colditz, GA TI Long-term weight patterns and risk for cholecystectomy in women SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cholelithiasis; weight loss; weight gain; cholecystectomy ID GASTRIC BYPASS-SURGERY; GALLSTONE DISEASE; GALLBLADDER-DISEASE; SYMPTOMATIC GALLSTONES; MORBID-OBESITY; URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RELATIVE WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; GALL-STONES AB Background: Obesity and rapid weight loss in obese persons are known risk factors for gallstones. However, the effect of intentional, long-term, moderate weight changes on the risk for gallstones is unclear. Objective: To study long-term weight patterns in a cohort of women and to examine the relation between weight pattern and risk for cholecystectomy. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 11 U.S. states. Participants: 47 153 female registered nurses who did not undergo cholecystectomy before 1988. Measurements: Cholecystectomy between 1988 and 1994 (ascertained by patient self-report). Results: During the exposure period (1972 to 1988), there was evidence of substantial Variation in weight due to intentional weight loss during adulthood. Among cohort patients, 54.9% reported weight cycling with at least one episode of intentional weight loss associated with regain. Of the total cohort, 20.1% were light cyclers (5 to 9 Ib of weight loss and gain), 18.8% were moderate cyclers(10 to 19 lb of weight loss and gain), and 16.0% were severe cyclers (greater than or equal to 20 lb of weight loss and gain). Net weight gain without cycling occurred in 29.3% of women; net weight loss without cycling was the least common pattern (4.6%). Only 11.1% of the cohort maintained weight within 5 lb over the 16-year period. In the study, 1751 women had undergone cholecystectomy between 1988 and 1994. Compared with weight maintainers, the relative risk for cholecystectomy (adjusted for body mass index, age, alcohol intake, fat intake, and smoking) was 1.20 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.50) among light cyclers, 1.31 among moderate cyclers (CI, 1.05 to 1.64), and 1.68 among severe cyclers (CI, 1.34 to 2.10). Conclusion: Weight cycling was highly prevalent in this large cohort of middle-aged women. The risk for cholecystectomy associated with weight cycling was substantial, independent of attained relative body weight. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med,Dana Farber Canc Inst, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Colditz, GA (reprint author), Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [5R25CA57711, CA 40356]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 46200] NR 44 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 16 PY 1999 VL 130 IS 6 BP 471 EP + PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 176RL UT WOS:000079165500002 PM 10075614 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF Pamuk, E Thun, M Flanders, D Byers, T Heath, C AF Williamson, DF Pamuk, E Thun, M Flanders, D Byers, T Heath, C TI Prospective study of intentional weight loss and mortality in overweight white men aged 40-64 years SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular diseases; diabetes mellitus; mortality; neoplasms; obesity; weight loss ID ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; BODY-WEIGHT; RISK; INTERVENTION; LONGEVITY; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS; TRIAL; WOMEN AB Although 25% of US men indicate that they are trying to lose weight, the association between intentional weight loss and longevity in men is unknown. The authors analyzed prospective data from 49,337 overweight (initial body mass index greater than or equal to 27) white men aged 40-64 years who, in 1959-1960, answered questions on weight change direction, amount, time interval, and intent. Vital status was determined in 1972. Proportional hazards regression estimated mortality rate ratios for men who intentionally lost weight compared with men with no weight change. Analyses were stratified by health status and adjusted for age, initial body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, education, physical activity, health history, and physical symptoms. Among men with no reported health conditions (n = 36,280), intentional weight loss was not associated with total, cardiovascular (CVD), or cancer mortality, but diabetes-associated mortality was increased 48% (95% confidence interval (CI) -7% to +133%) among those who lost 20 pounds (9.1 kg) or more; this increase was largely related to non-CVD mortality. Among men with reported health conditions (n = 13,057), intentional weight toss had no association with total or CVD mortality, but cancer mortality increased 25% (95% confidence interval -4% to +63%) among those who lost 20 pounds or more. Diabetes-associated mortality was reduced 32% (95% confidence interval -52% to -5%) among those who lost less than 20 pounds and 36% (95% confidence interval -49% to -20%) among those who lost more than 20 pounds. These results and those from our earlier study in women (Williamson et al., Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:1128-41) suggest that intentional weight loss may reduce the risk of dying from diabetes, but not from CVD. In observational studies, however, it is difficult to separate intentional weight loss from unintentional weight loss due to undiagnosed, underlying disease. Well-designed observational studies, as well as randomized controlled trials, are needed to determine whether intentional weight loss reduces CVD mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K68, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Stat, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Williamson, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K68, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 6 BP 491 EP 503 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175PT UT WOS:000079104100001 PM 10084238 ER PT J AU French, SA Folsom, AR Jeffery, RW Williamson, DF AF French, SA Folsom, AR Jeffery, RW Williamson, DF TI Prospective study of intentionality of weight loss and mortality in older women: The Iowa Women's Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; mortality; obesity; weight loss ID POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE; BODY-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; SHORT-TERM; VARIABILITY; ADULTS; RELIABILITY; FRAMINGHAM; OVERWEIGHT; DISEASE AB Several epidemiologic investigations have suggested that weight loss is associated with increased mortality risk but have not examined whether the weight loss was intentional or unintentional. The authors examined whether the association between weight loss and mortality differs by whether the weight loss was intentional or unintentional as part of the Iowa Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of health risk factors in postmenopausal women. Women aged 55-69 years completed questions about intentional and unintentional weight losses since age 18 years via mail survey in 1992 and were followed through 1995, One or more intentional weight loss episodes of 20 or more pounds (greater than or equal to 9.1 kg) during adulthood was not significantly associated with higher total or cardiovascular disease mortality risk compared with never losing greater than or equal to 20 pounds. One or more unintentional weight loss episodes of 20 or more pounds was associated with a 26-57% higher total mortality risk and a 51-114% higher cardiovascular disease mortality risk, compared with never losing 20 or more pounds. Associations between unintentional weight loss and increased mortality risk were confined mostly to women with prevalent disease, hypertension, or diabetes. Patterns of association did not vary by overweight status. These findings suggest that the association between weight loss and increased mortality risk observed in epidemiologic studies may be due to unintentional weight loss that reflects existing disease and not due to intentional weight loss. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP French, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 39742] NR 33 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 6 BP 504 EP 514 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175PT UT WOS:000079104100002 PM 10084239 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF AF Williamson, DF TI Invited commentary on "Prospective study of intentionality of weight loss and mortality in older women: The Iowa Women's Health Study" and "Prospective study of intentional weight loss and mortality in overweight white men aged 40-64 years" - Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K68, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. RP Williamson, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K68, 4770 Buford Highway Ne, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 6 BP 517 EP 518 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175PT UT WOS:000079104100004 ER PT J AU French, SA Folsom, AR Jeffery, RW Williamson, DF AF French, SA Folsom, AR Jeffery, RW Williamson, DF TI Invited commentary on "Prospective study of intentionality of weight loss and mortality in older women: The Iowa Women's Health Study" and "Prospective study of intentional weight loss and mortality in overweight white men aged 40-64 years" - Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BODY-WEIGHT; ADULTS; MAINTENANCE C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP French, SA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 6 BP 519 EP 520 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175PT UT WOS:000079104100005 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JA Williams, MA Weiss, NS Stergachis, A LaCroix, AZ Barlow, WE AF Shapiro, JA Williams, MA Weiss, NS Stergachis, A LaCroix, AZ Barlow, WE TI Hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and risk of renal cell carcinoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antihypertensive agents; blood pressure; carcinoma; renal cell; case-control studies; diuretics; hypertension ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; KIDNEY CANCER; DIURETICS; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; WOMEN AB To investigate whether diuretic medication use increases risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the authors conducted a case-control study of health maintenance organization members in western Washington State. Cases (n = 238) diagnosed between January 1980 and June 1995 were compared with controls (n = 616) selected from health maintenance organization membership files. The computerized health maintenance organization pharmacy database provided information on medications prescribed after March 1977. Additional exposure information was collected from medical records. For women, use of diuretics was associated with increased risk of RCC (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-3.1), but the association was not independent of a diagnosis of hypertension (adjusted for hypertension, OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.5-2.1). Similarly, nondiuretic antihypertensive use was associated with increased risk, but only when unadjusted for hypertension. For men, neither diuretic nor nondiuretic antihypertensive use was associated with risk of RCC. A diagnosis of hypertension was clearly associated with RCC risk for women (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.1), but not men (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.7-2.5). High systolic and diastolic blood pressures were associated with increased risk in both sexes. These results do not support the hypothesis that use of diuretic medication increases RCC risk; they are more consistent with an association between RCC and high blood pressure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shapiro, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-05230, R01-CA64158, R35-CA39779] NR 31 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 6 BP 521 EP 530 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175PT UT WOS:000079104100006 PM 10084241 ER PT J AU Brackett, WH Johnson, MA Fischer, JG Johnson, F Edmonds, JT Gunter, EW Stabler, SP AF Brackett, WH Johnson, MA Fischer, JG Johnson, F Edmonds, JT Gunter, EW Stabler, SP TI Vitamin and protein disorders in older adults at senior nutrition centers in rural Georgia. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A936 EP A936 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132901670 ER PT J AU Flint, MS Tinkle, SS AF Flint, MS Tinkle, SS TI Restraint stress-induced manipulation of the HPA axis has a complex and variable effect on the cutaneous immune response to chemical allergen SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A847 EP A847 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132901148 ER PT J AU Frith-Terhune, A Cogswell, M Kettel-Khan, L Will, J Ramakrishnan, U AF Frith-Terhune, A Cogswell, M Kettel-Khan, L Will, J Ramakrishnan, U TI Determinants of iron deficiency among Mexican American and non-hispanic white females: Third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988-94(NHANES III). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Ramakrishnan, Usha/L-8921-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A697 EP A697 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132900292 ER PT J AU Hengel, R Jones, B Kennedy, S Hubbard, M McDougal, S AF Hengel, R Jones, B Kennedy, S Hubbard, M McDougal, S TI Density dependent recovery of naive-phenotype (CD4(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+)) T-cells after triple-drug therapy for HIV-1 infection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A851 EP A851 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132901174 ER PT J AU Kawchak, DA Zemel, BS Sowell, AL Ohene-Frempong, K Stallings, VA AF Kawchak, DA Zemel, BS Sowell, AL Ohene-Frempong, K Stallings, VA TI Antioxidant status in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div GI & Nutr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Hematol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A701 EP A701 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132900313 ER PT J AU Mei, Z Grummer-Strawn, LM Pietrobelli, A Goulding, A Goran, MI Dietz, WH AF Mei, Z Grummer-Strawn, LM Pietrobelli, A Goulding, A Goran, MI Dietz, WH TI Screening indices for body composition: Which is a better indicator of obesity and wasting in children and adolescents SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Verona, I-37100 Verona, Italy. Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A1022 EP A1022 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132902168 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Gunter, EW Wright, JD AF Pfeiffer, CM Gunter, EW Wright, JD TI Validation of a homocysteine (HCY) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) assay for the upcoming NHANES 1999+. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A890 EP A890 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132901398 ER PT J AU Porter, KH Houston, DK Johnson, MA Nozza, RJ Edmonds, JT Shea, K Gunter, EW AF Porter, KH Houston, DK Johnson, MA Nozza, RJ Edmonds, JT Shea, K Gunter, EW TI Associations of age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) and iron status in women aged 60-70. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A937 EP A937 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132901675 ER PT J AU Snawder, JE Lipscomb, JC AF Snawder, JE Lipscomb, JC TI Inter-individual variation of cytochrome P450 forms in hepatic microsomes: Correlation of individual forms with xenobiotic metabolism. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A812 EP A812 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132900949 ER PT J AU Sowell, A Gensler, G Bowman, B Miller, D AF Sowell, A Gensler, G Bowman, B Miller, D CA AREDS Res Grp TI Baseline nutritional status of participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EMMES Corp, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A935 EP A935 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132901664 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Tinkle, SS AF Zhang, L Tinkle, SS TI Activation of innate immune response is required at early stage of oxazolone-induced dermatitis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 SU S BP A1132 EP A1132 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 228JG UT WOS:000082132902795 ER PT J AU Akkina, JE Hogue, AT Angulo, FJ Johnson, R Petersen, KE Saini, PK Fedorka-Cray, PJ Schlosser, WD AF Akkina, JE Hogue, AT Angulo, FJ Johnson, R Petersen, KE Saini, PK Fedorka-Cray, PJ Schlosser, WD TI Epidemiologic aspects, control, and importance of multiple-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; CATTLE; MANAGEMENT; OUTBREAK; FEED; PIGS C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Div Microbiol, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Akkina, JE (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Vet Serv, USDA, 555 S Howes St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 47 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 214 IS 6 BP 790 EP 798 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 179YH UT WOS:000079357600016 PM 10101410 ER PT J AU Cong, ME Fried, MW Lambert, S Lopareva, EN Zhan, MY Pujol, FH Thyagarajan, SP Byun, KS Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE AF Cong, ME Fried, MW Lambert, S Lopareva, EN Zhan, MY Pujol, FH Thyagarajan, SP Byun, KS Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE TI Sequence heterogeneity within three different regions of the hepatitis G virus genome SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A-E-HEPATITIS; C VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GBV-C; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; 5'-NONCODING REGION; 5'-TERMINAL REGION; DISTINCT GENOTYPES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ORGANIZATION AB Two sets of primers derived from the 5'-terminal region and the NS5 region of the hepatitis G virus (HGV) genome were used to amplify PCR fragments from serum specimens obtained from different parts of the world. All PCR fragments from the 5'-terminal region (5'-PCR, n = 56) and from the NS5 region (NS5-PCR, n = 85) were sequenced and compared to corresponding published HGV sequences. The range of nucleotide sequence similarity varied from 74 and 78% to 100% for 5'-PCR and NS5-PCR fragments, respectively. Additionally five overlapping PCR fragments comprising an approximately 2.0-kb structural region of the HGV genome were sequenced from each of five sera obtained from three United States residents. These sequences were compared to 20 published sequences comprising the same region of the HGV genome. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences obtained from different individuals were homologous from 82.9 to 93.6% and from 90.4 to 99.01, respectively. Sequences obtained from follow-up specimens were almost identical. Comparative analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of the HGV structural proteins and hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins combined with an analysis of predicted secondary structures and hydrophobic profiles allowed prediction of processing sites within the HGV structural proteins. A phylogenetic sequence analysis performed on the 2.0-kb structural region supports the existence of three previously identified HGV genetic groups. However, phylogenetic analysis performed on only small DNA fragments yielded inconsistent genetic grouping and failed to confirm the existence of genetic groups. Thus, in contrast to HCV where almost any region can be used for genotyping, only large or carefully selected genome fragments can be used to identity consistent HGV genetic groups. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. IVIC, Ctr Microbiol & Biol Celular, Lab Biol Virus, Caracas, Venezuela. Univ Madras, Dept Microbiol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. Korea Univ, Huro Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Khudyakov, YE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yek0@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 15 PY 1999 VL 255 IS 2 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9592 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 178JQ UT WOS:000079262900006 PM 10069950 ER PT J AU Matheson, JM Lange, RW Lemus, R Karol, MH Luster, MI AF Matheson, JM Lange, RW Lemus, R Karol, MH Luster, MI TI The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in isocyanate-induced occupational asthma. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NIOSH, DHHS, PHS, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A319 EP A319 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301842 ER PT J AU Porter, DW Iqbal, M Klandorf, H Robinson, VA Barger, M Ma, JYC Ramsey, D Khan, A McLaurin, JL Castranova, V Teass, A AF Porter, DW Iqbal, M Klandorf, H Robinson, VA Barger, M Ma, JYC Ramsey, D Khan, A McLaurin, JL Castranova, V Teass, A TI Pentosidine levels in rat lungs after silica inhalation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, HELD, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A162 EP A162 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033300936 ER PT J AU Rajeevan, MS Dimulescu, IM Lee, DR Miller, DL Unger, ER Vernon, SD AF Rajeevan, MS Dimulescu, IM Lee, DR Miller, DL Unger, ER Vernon, SD TI Effects of human papillomavirus integration on cellular gene expression. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A520 EP A520 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033302998 ER PT J AU Schleicher, RL Courts, SA Sowell, AL Gunter, EW Miller, DT AF Schleicher, RL Courts, SA Sowell, AL Gunter, EW Miller, DT TI HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha- and beta-carotenes, lycopene, retinol, retinyl stearate and palmitate, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols in serum SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 12 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 SU S BP A239 EP A239 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 226QW UT WOS:000082033301381 ER PT J AU Bunnell, RE Yanpaisarn, S Kilmarx, PH Rhodes, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K Srismith, R Mastro, TD St Louis, ME AF Bunnell, RE Yanpaisarn, S Kilmarx, PH Rhodes, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K Srismith, R Mastro, TD St Louis, ME TI HIV-1 seroprevalence among childbearing women in northern Thailand: monitoring a rapidly evolving epidemic SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Asia; HIV seroprevalence; Thailand; childbearing women ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; YOUNG MEN; PREVALENCE; SURVEILLANCE; KINSHASA; PROGRAM; DECLINE; TRENDS; IMPACT AB Objectives: To describe trends in prevalence of HIV-1 infection among women giving birth at Chiang Rai Hospital (CRH) and to assess risk factors associated with HIV infection in this population. Design: Analysis of hospital registry data for all deliveries at CRH from 1990 to mid-1997. Methods: From 1990 to mid-1997, women giving birth at CRH were rested for HIV-1 infection using enzyme immunoassay (EIA); positive sera were confirmed using a different manufacturer's EIA. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from delivery-ward log books. Results: Data from 40 723 deliveries indicated that overall HIV-1 seroprevalence increased sharply, from 1.3% in 1990 to a peak of 6.4% in 1994, and then declined to 4.6% in the first 6 months of 1997. Prevalence was highest, at 7.0%, among young (age less than or equal to 24 years) primigravidas, compared with 2.4% among older (age greater than or equal to 25 years) multigravidas. When we controlled for age, prevalence declined 40% from 1994 to 1997 among young primigravidas (95% confidence interval for percentage reduction, 16-57). Amongst older multigravid women, prevalence was consistently lower but increased steadily from 2.7% in 1994 to 3.4% in 1997. Conclusions: A rapid rise in HIV prevalence in childbearing women was Followed by a sharp decline among young primigravidas. In each year, the prevalence was highest among young primigravidas. They may be the best subgroup of pregnant women for monitoring HIV epidemic trends, but they also represent a challenging prevention priority that will require its own targeted interventions. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. CDC, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, NCHSTP, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bunnell, RE (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 11 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 BP 509 EP 515 DI 10.1097/00002030-199903110-00010 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 177EN UT WOS:000079196100010 PM 10197380 ER PT J AU Robinson, D Thompson, L Epperson, M Dabbs, F Lawman, R Hill, M Trailer, L Hensley, H Bryan, G Kerkering, K Tortorella, F Wong, M Edmond, M Kohmetscher, M Han, L Subrahman, C Brath, L Miller, T Armstrong, C DeBusk, C Leslie, S Blackenship, K Hawley, J Harris, J Jenkins, S Woolard, C Stroube, R AF Robinson, D Thompson, L Epperson, M Dabbs, F Lawman, R Hill, M Trailer, L Hensley, H Bryan, G Kerkering, K Tortorella, F Wong, M Edmond, M Kohmetscher, M Han, L Subrahman, C Brath, L Miller, T Armstrong, C DeBusk, C Leslie, S Blackenship, K Hawley, J Harris, J Jenkins, S Woolard, C Stroube, R TI Human rabies - Virginia, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 95-97, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Nottoway Correct Ctr, Nottoway, VA 23922 USA. Chatham Correct Unit, Chatham, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Piedmont Hlth Dist, Piedmont, VA USA. Virgina Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Richmond, VA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, EIS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robinson, D (reprint author), Nottoway Correct Ctr, Nottoway, VA 23922 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 10 BP 891 EP 892 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 172XH UT WOS:000078950600014 ER PT J AU Dobroszycki, J Herwaldt, BL Boctor, F Miller, JR Linden, J Eberhard, ML Yoon, JJ Ali, NM Tanowitz, HB Graham, F Weiss, LM Wittner, M AF Dobroszycki, J Herwaldt, BL Boctor, F Miller, JR Linden, J Eberhard, ML Yoon, JJ Ali, NM Tanowitz, HB Graham, F Weiss, LM Wittner, M TI A cluster of transfusion-associated babesiosis cases traced to a single asymptomatic donor SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; INFECTIONS; MICROTI; ATOVAQUONE AB Context The risk of acquiring babesiosis by blood transfusion is largely unknown since in areas where it is endemic it is often an asymptomatic infection. Objective To investigate and treat a duster of blood transfusion-associated babesiosis cases, Design Case series and epidemiologic investigation. Setting Urban inner-city hospital. Patients Six persons who received Babesia microti-infected blood components from a donor, Main Outcome Measure Diagnosis and successful therapy of babesiosis following transfusion. Results Six individuals (1 adult, 1 child, and 4 neonates) were exposed to products from a single blood donation by an asymptomatic Babesia-infected donor. Three of the 6 exposed patients became parasitemic, Polymerase chain reaction testing, animal inoculation studies, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing were used to confirm the presence of Babesia microti in the donor's blood and to establish the presence of infection in 3 of the 6 recipients, The 3 infected recipients and 1 additional recipient were treated without incident. Conclusion Physicians should consider babesiosis in the differential diagnosis of a febrile hemolytic disorder after blood transfusion. Prompt diagnosis is important since babesiosis is responsive to antibiotic therapy and, untreated, can be a fatal disease in certain risk groups. C1 Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10456 USA. Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10456 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Parasit Dis Surveillance Unit, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Div Parasitol & Trop Med, New York, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Jacobi Med Ctr, Dept Pathol Parasitol, Bronx, NY USA. RP Wittner, M (reprint author), Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Div Parasitol & Trop Med, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM Wittner@aecom.yu.edu NR 25 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 10 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 10 BP 927 EP 930 DI 10.1001/jama.281.10.927 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 172XH UT WOS:000078950600038 PM 10078490 ER PT J AU Croft, JB Giles, WH Pollard, RA Keenan, NL Casper, ML Anda, RF AF Croft, JB Giles, WH Pollard, RA Keenan, NL Casper, ML Anda, RF TI Heart failure survival among older adults in the United States - A poor prognosis for an emerging epidemic in the Medicare population SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Cardiovascular Health - Coming Together for the 21st Century CY FEB 19, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT; TRENDS; HOSPITALIZATION; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; COMORBIDITIES; HYPERTENSION; DYSFUNCTION; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To describe the 6-year probability of survival for older adults after their first hospitalization for heart failure. Setting: National Medicare hospital claims records for 1984 through 1986 and Medicare enrollment records from 1986 through 1992. Design: We identified a national cohort of 170 239 (9% black patients) Medicare patients, 67 years or older, with no evidence of heart failure in 1984 or 1985, who were hospitalized and discharged for the first time in 1986 with a principal diagnosis of heart failure. For groups defined by race, sex, age, Medicaid eligibility, and comorbid conditions, we compared the probability of survival with Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Only 19% of black men, 16% of white men, 25% of black women, and 23% of white women survived 6 years. One third died within the first year. Men had lower median survival and 38% greater risk of mortality than did women (P < .05). White men had 10% greater risk of mortality than did black men (P < .05). Medicaid eligibility (white adults only) and diabetes were associated with increased mortality (P < .05). Conclusions: The prognosis for older adults with heart failure underscores the importance of prevention strategies and early detection and treatment modalities that can prevent, improve, or reverse myocardial dysfunction, particularly for the growing number of adults who are at increased risk for developing heart failure because of hypertension, diabetes, or myocardial infarction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Hlth & Program Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Croft, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbc0@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAR 8 PY 1999 VL 159 IS 5 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1001/archinte.159.5.505 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 172FK UT WOS:000078912600013 PM 10074960 ER PT J AU Kim, P Eng, TR Deering, MJ Maxfield, A AF Kim, P Eng, TR Deering, MJ Maxfield, A TI Published criteria for evaluating health related web sites: review SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; INTERNET; INFORMATION; QUALITY AB Objective To review published criteria for specifically evaluating health related information on the world wide web, and to identify areas of consensus. Design Search of world wide web sites and peer reviewed medical journals for explicit criteria for evaluating health related information on the web, using Medline and Lexis-Nerds databases, and the following internet search engines: Yahoo!, Excite, Altavista, Webcrawler, HotBot, Infoseek, Magellan Internet Guide, and Lycos. Criteria were extracted and grouped into categories. Results 29 published rating tools and journal articles were identified that had explicit criteria for assessing health related web sites. Of the 165 criteria extracted fr om these tools and articles, 132 (80%) were grouped under one of 12 specific categories and 33 (20%,) were grouped as miscellaneous because they lacked specificity or were unique. The most frequently cited criteria were those dealing with content, design and aesthetics of site, disclosure of authors, sponsors, or developers, currency of information (includes frequency of update, freshness, maintenance of site), authority of source, ease of use, and accessibility and availability. Conclusions Results suggest that many authors agree on key criteria for evaluating health related web sites, and that efforts to develop consensus criteria may be helpful. The next step is to identify and assess a clear, simple set of consensus criteria that the general public can understand and use. C1 US Dept HHS, Off Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Washington, DC USA. RP Eng, TR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Off Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 24 TC 269 Z9 278 U1 1 U2 14 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAR 6 PY 1999 VL 318 IS 7184 BP 647 EP 649 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175JD UT WOS:000079089200031 PM 10066209 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Beckles, GLA Gregg, EW Williamson, DF Saaddine, J Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F AF Narayan, KMV Beckles, GLA Gregg, EW Williamson, DF Saaddine, J Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F TI Treating type 2 diabetes - Study was conducted in exemplary fashion SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diabet Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diabet Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kav4@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAR 6 PY 1999 VL 318 IS 7184 BP 666 EP 667 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175JD UT WOS:000079089200041 PM 10066218 ER PT J AU Shaffer, N Chuachoowong, R Mock, PA Bhadrakom, C Siriwasin, W Young, NL Chotpitayasunondh, T Chearskul, S Roongpisuthipong, A Chinayon, P Karon, J Mastro, TD Simonds, RJ AF Shaffer, N Chuachoowong, R Mock, PA Bhadrakom, C Siriwasin, W Young, NL Chotpitayasunondh, T Chearskul, S Roongpisuthipong, A Chinayon, P Karon, J Mastro, TD Simonds, RJ CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV TI Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Bangkok, Thailand: a randomised controlled trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CLINICAL-TRIALS; INFANT; INFECTION; RISK AB Background Many developing countries have not implemented the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 076 zidovudine regimen for prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission because of its complexity and cost. We investigated the safety and efficacy of short-course oral zidovudine administered during late pregnancy and labour. Methods In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, HIV-1-infected pregnant women at two Bangkok hospitals were randomly assigned placebo or one zidovudine 300 mg tablet twice daily from 36 weeks' gestation and every 3 h from onset of labour until delivery. Mothers were given infant formula and asked not to breastfeed. The main endpoint was babies' HIV-1-infection status, tested with HIV-1-DNA PCR at birth, 2 months, and 6 months. We measured maternal plasma viral concentrations by RNA PCR. Findings Between May, 1996, and December, 1997, 397 women were randomised; 393 gave birth to 395 live-born babies. Median duration of antenatal treatment was 25 days, and median number of doses during labour was three. 99% of women took at least 90% of scheduled antenatal doses. Adverse events were similar in the study groups. Of 392 babies with at least one PCR lest, 55 tested positive: 18 in the zidovudine group and 37 in the placebo group. The estimated transmission risks were 9.4% (95% CI 5.2-13.5) on zidovudine and 18.9% (13.2-24.2) on placebo (p=0.006; efficacy 50.1% [15.4-70.6]). Between enrolment and delivery, women in the zidovudine group had a mean decrease in viral load of 0.56 log. About 80% of the treatment effect was explained by lowered maternal Viral concentrations at delivery. Interpretation A short course of twice-daily oral zidovudine was safe and well tolerated and, in the absence of breastfeeding, can. lessen the risk for mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission by half. This regimen could prevent many HIV-1 infections during late pregnancy and labour in less-developed countries unable to implement the full 076 regimen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-50,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 507 Z9 528 U1 1 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 6 PY 1999 VL 353 IS 9155 BP 773 EP 780 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10411-7 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175JC UT WOS:000079089100007 PM 10459957 ER PT J AU Wiktor, SZ Ekpini, E Karon, JM Nkengasong, J Maurice, C Severin, ST Roels, TH Kouassi, MK Lackritz, EM Coulibaly, IM Greenberg, AE AF Wiktor, SZ Ekpini, E Karon, JM Nkengasong, J Maurice, C Severin, ST Roels, TH Kouassi, MK Lackritz, EM Coulibaly, IM Greenberg, AE TI Short-course oral zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a randomised trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1; REDUCTION AB Background In Africa, the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection is high. Short-course perinatal oral zidovudine might decrease the rate of transmission, We assessed the safety and efficacy of such a regimen among HIV-1-seropositive breastfeeding women in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Methods From April, 1996, to February, 1998, all consenting, eligible HIV-1-seropositive pregnant women attending a public antenatal clinic in Abidjan were enrolled at 36 weeks' gestation and randomly assigned placebo or zidovudine (300 mg tablets), one tablet twice daily until the onset of labour, one tablet at onset of labour, and one tablet every 3 h until delivery. We used HIV-1-DNA PCR to test the infection status of babies at birth, 4 weeks, and 3 months. We stopped the study on Feb 18, 1998, when efficacy results were available from a study in Bangkok, Thailand, in which the same regimen was used in a non-breast-feeding population. Findings 280 women were enrolled (140 in each group). The median duration of the prenatal drug regimen was 27 days (range 1-80) and the median duration of labour was 7-5 h. Treatment was well tolerated with no withdrawals because of adverse events. All babies were breastfed. Among babies with known infection status at age 3 months, 30 (26.1%) of 115 babies in the placebo group and 19 (16.5%) of 115 in the zidovudine group were identified as HIV-1 infected, The estimated risk of HIV-1 transmission in the placebo and zidovudine groups were 21.7% and 12.2% (p=0.05) at 4 weeks, and 24.9% and 15.7% (p=0.07) at 3 months. Efficacy was 44% (95% CI -1 to 69) at age 4 weeks and 37% (-5 to 63) at 3 months, Interpretation Short-course oral zidovudine was safe, well tolerated, and decreased mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 at age 3 months. Substantial efforts will be needed to ensure successful widespread implementation of such a regimen. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cote dIvoire Minist Publ Hlth, Natl AIDS STD TB Control Program, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Wiktor, SZ (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 23 TC 377 Z9 383 U1 1 U2 6 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 6 PY 1999 VL 353 IS 9155 BP 781 EP 785 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10412-9 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175JC UT WOS:000079089100008 PM 10459958 ER PT J CA Marion Cty Hlth Dept Indiana State Dept Hlth Jefferson Cty Hlth Dept Kentucky Dept Public Hlth Knox Cty Hlth Dept Tennessee Dept Hlth Cty Los Angeles Dept Hlth Svcs Council State Territorial Epidemiologists Fed Bur Invest US Dept Def US Dept Hlth Human Svcs Natl Center Environm Hlth Natl Center Infectious Dis CDC TI Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management - United States, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 69-74, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Marion Cty Hlth Dept, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Jefferson Cty Hlth Dept, Louisville, KY USA. Kentucky Dept Publ Hlth, Knox Cty Hlth Dept, Knoxville, TN USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA USA. Fed Bur Invest, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, US Dept Def, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. CDC, Emergency Response Coordinating Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Br, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Washington, DC USA. RP Marion Cty Hlth Dept, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 9 BP 787 EP 789 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 170KF UT WOS:000078804300008 ER PT J AU McGovern, MM Benach, MO Wallenstein, S Desnick, RJ Keenlyside, R AF McGovern, MM Benach, MO Wallenstein, S Desnick, RJ Keenlyside, R TI Quality assurance in molecular genetic testing laboratories SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CANCER; BRCA1 AB Context Specific regulation of laboratories performing molecular genetic tests may be needed to ensure standards and quality assurance (QA) and safeguard patient rights to informed consent and confidentiality. However, comprehensive analysis of current practices of such laboratories, important for assessing the need for regulation and its impact on access to testing, has not been conducted. Objective To collect and analyze data regarding availability of clinical molecular genetic testing, including personnel standards and laboratory practices, Design A mail survey in June 1997 of molecular genetic testing laboratory directors and assignment of a QA score based on responses to genetic testing process items. Setting Hospital-based, independent, and research-based molecular genetic testing laboratories in the United States. Participants Directors of molecular genetic testing laboratories (n = 245; response rate, 74.9%), Main Outcome Measure Laboratory process QA score, using the American College of Medical Genetics Laboratory Practice Committee standards. Results The 245 responding laboratories reported availability of testing for 94 disorders, Personnel qualifications varied, although all directors had doctoral degrees. The mean QA score was 90% (range, 44%-100%) with 36 laboratories (15%) scoring lower than 70%. Higher scores were associated with test menu size of more than 4 tests (P = .01), performance of more than 30 analyses annually (P = .01), director having a PhD vs MD degree (P = .002), director board certification (P = .03), independent (P < .001) and hospital (P = .01) laboratories vs research laboratory, participation in proficiency testing (P < .001), and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment certification (P = .006). Seventy percent of laboratories provided access to genetic counseling, 69% had a confidentiality policy, and 45% required informed consent prior to testing. Conclusion The finding that a number of laboratories had QA scores that may reflect suboptimal laboratory practices suggests that both personnel qualification and laboratory practice standards are most in need of improvement to ensure quality in clinical molecular genetic testing laboratories. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biomath, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGovern, MM (reprint author), CUNY, Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Box 1497,100th St & 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-218] NR 18 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 9 BP 835 EP 840 DI 10.1001/jama.281.9.835 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 170KF UT WOS:000078804300035 PM 10071006 ER PT J AU Schmitz, KH Jacobs, DR Schreiner, PJ French, S Lewis, CE Caspersen, CJ Sidney, S Sternfeld, B AF Schmitz, KH Jacobs, DR Schreiner, PJ French, S Lewis, CE Caspersen, CJ Sidney, S Sternfeld, B TI The impact of becoming a parent and physical activity: The CARDIA study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 2 PY 1999 VL 99 IS 8 MA 17 BP 1106 EP 1106 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 171BC UT WOS:000078841500037 ER PT J AU Robbins, KE Kostrikis, LG Brown, TM Anzala, O Shin, S Plummer, FA Kalish, ML AF Robbins, KE Kostrikis, LG Brown, TM Anzala, O Shin, S Plummer, FA Kalish, ML TI Genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type I strains in Kenya: A comparison using phylogenetic analysis and a combinatorial melting assay SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; HIV TYPE-1; SUBTYPE-C; V3 LOOP; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; AFRICAN ORIGIN; DIVERSITY; VARIABILITY; INFECTION; CAPACITY AB We surveyed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtype distribution from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected in 1995 from 24 HIV-l-infected Kenyan residents (specimens from predominantly male truck drivers and female sex workers near Mombasa and Nairobi), Processed lysates from the PBMC samples were used for env amplification, directly sequenced, and analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. Envelope amplification products were also used for analysis in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay, called the combinatorial melting assay (COMA). Results of the two tests were compared for assignment of subtype for this Kenyan cohort. The COMA, a PCR capture technique with colorimetric signal detection, was used with HIV reference subtype strains as well as regional (East Africa) HIV strains for subtype identification. Performance of the COMA was at 100% concordance (24 of 24) as compared with DNA sequencing analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed 17 isolates to be subtype A, 3 subtype D, and 4 subtype C viruses. This may represent an increase in subtype C presence in Kenya compared with previously documented reports, The COMA can offer advantages for rapid HIV-1 subtype screening of large populations, with the use of previously identified regional strains to enhance the identification of local strains. When more detailed genetic information is desired, DNA sequencing and analysis may be required. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB R3E OW3, Canada. RP Robbins, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Kostrikis, Leondios/A-5330-2016 OI Kostrikis, Leondios/0000-0002-5340-7109 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1089/088922299311295 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 171TZ UT WOS:000078881300003 PM 10082116 ER PT J AU Decker, JA Malkin, R Kiefer, M AF Decker, JA Malkin, R Kiefer, M TI Exposures to lead based paint dust in an inner-city high school SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE blood lead levels; lead; lead-based paint ID CHILDREN; ABSORPTION AB In response to concerns about lead-based paint (LBP) in an 85-year old high school, an evaluation was conducted to determine whether a lead exposure hazard existed for adult school staff. Deteriorating LBP was present on walls and ceilings throughout the school. At the time of the evaluation, abatement of LBP had been completed in approximately one-third of the school, One-hundred eighteen wipe samples for lead dust were collected from floors, teachers' desks, and interior window sills. Areas selected for sampling were based on the work location of the 45 participants providing blood for lead analysis. Wipe samples from hands were collected from all participants. The geometric means (GMs) for lead dust loadings on sills in unabated rooms (n=23) and abated rooms (n=16) were 342 and 102 mu g/ft(2), respectively. Nine sills in unabated rooms and one sill in an abated room exceeded the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidelines (500 mu g/ft(2) lead) for residential housing following abatement activity. GMs for lead loadings on floors in unabated rooms (n=26) and abated rooms (n=14) were 136 and 70 mu g/ft(2) lead, respectively. Seventeen floor samples from unabated rooms and 3 samples from abated rooms exceeded HUD guidelines (100 mu g/ft(2) lead). The GM blood lead level (BLL) was 2.2 mu g/dL (range: 0.6-5.6 mu g/dL), similar to that of the general U,S. population, Despite peeling LBP and significant lead dust loadings, a hazard from LBP was not found for staff at the school. There were no relationships between surface lead and hand lead, BLL and abatement status of assigned work area, or BLL and hand lead. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Decker, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, NIOSH, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187QE UT WOS:000079797600006 PM 10222569 ER PT J AU Key-Schwartz, RJ Tucker, SP AF Key-Schwartz, RJ Tucker, SP TI An approach to area sampling and analysis for total isocyanates in workplace air SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE isocyanates; sampling and analysis ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIZING AGENT; TRYPTAMINE; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; XAD-2; TDI; MDI AB An approach to sampling and analysis for total isocyanates (monomer plus any associated oligomers of a given isocyanate) in workplace air has been developed and evaluated. Based on a method developed by the Occupational Health Laboratory, Ontario Ministry of Labour, Ontario, Canada, isocyanates present in air are derivatized with a fluorescent reagent, tryptamine, in an impinger and subsequently analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, Excitation and emission wavelengths are set at 275 and 320 nm, respectively. A modification to the Ontario method was made in the replacement or the recommended impinger solvents (acetonitrile and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO has the advantages of being compatible with reversed-phase HPLC and not evaporating during sampling, as do the more volatile solvents used in the Ontario method, DMSO also may dissolve aerosol particles more efficiently during sampling than relatively nonpolar solvents, Several formulations containing diisocyanate prepolymers have been tested with this method in the laboratory. This method has been issued as National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 5522 in the first supplement to the fourth edition of the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. This method is recommended for area sampling only due to possible hazards from contact with DMSO solutions containing isocyanate derivatives, The limits of detection are 0.1 mu g/sample for 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 0.2 mu g/sample for 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 0.3 mu g/sample for methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate, and 0.2 mu g/sample for 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Key-Schwartz, RJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1080/00028899908984436 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187QE UT WOS:000079797600008 PM 10222570 ER PT J AU Feng, HA Schlecht, P AF Feng, HA Schlecht, P TI Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program (November 23, 1998) SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Dept HHS, PHS, CDC,Analyt Res & Dev Branch, NIOSH,Robert A Taft Labs,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Feng, HA (reprint author), US Dept HHS, PHS, CDC,Analyt Res & Dev Branch, NIOSH,Robert A Taft Labs,Div Phys Sci & Engn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS-R7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187QE UT WOS:000079797600018 ER PT J AU Yanovski, SZ Bain, RP Williamson, DF AF Yanovski, SZ Bain, RP Williamson, DF TI Report of a National Institutes of Health-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention workshop on the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial to estimate the long-term health effects of intentional weight loss in obese persons SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE obesity; randomized clinical trials; workshop; pharmacotherapy; behavior therapy; weight loss ID SEVERE CALORIC RESTRICTION; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; BODY-WEIGHT; INTERVENTION; MODERATE AB A workshop was convened in 1997 by the National institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to consider the need for and feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial to estimate the long-tenn health effects of intentional weight loss in obese persons. Although the benefits of weight loss in obese individuals may seem obvious, little information is available showing that intentional weight loss improves long-term health outcomes. Observational studies may be unable to provide convincing answers about the magnitude and direction of the health effects of intentional weight loss, Workshop participants agreed that a well-designed randomized clinical trial could answer several questions necessary for developing a rational clinical and public health policy for treating obesity. Such information will ultimately provide needed guidance on the risks and benefits of weight loss to health care providers and payers, as well as to millions of obese Americans. C1 NIDDKD, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yanovski, SZ (reprint author), Weight Control Informat Network, 1 Win Way, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM sy29f@nih.gov NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 366 EP 372 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700005 PM 10075318 ER PT J AU Kotler, DP Thea, DM Heo, M Allison, DB Engelson, ES Wang, J Pierson, RN St Louis, M Keusch, GT AF Kotler, DP Thea, DM Heo, M Allison, DB Engelson, ES Wang, J Pierson, RN St Louis, M Keusch, GT TI Relative influences of sex, race, environment, and HIV infection on body composition in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutritional assessment; body composition; bioelectrical impedance analysis; BIA; HIV infection; malnutrition; African Americans; Africans; men; women; whites ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; WEIGHT-LOSS; LEAN BODY; MEN; MASS; TESTOSTERONE; DYSFUNCTION; SURVIVAL AB Background: The factors that control body composition in disease an uncertain. Objective: We planned to compare the relatitve influences of HIV infection, sex, race, and environment on body composition. Methods: We analyzed results of body composition studies performed by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 1415 adults from 2 cohorts: white and African American men and women from the United States, and African men and women (279 HIV-infected and 1136 control). The effects of sex and HIV infection on weight, body cell mass, and fat-free mass were analyzed by using both unadjusted and age-, weight-, and height-adjusted data. Results: Control men weighed more and had more body cell mass and fat-free moss than did control women, although control women had more fat. The strongest correlates with body composition were height and weight, followed by sex, HIV infection, age, environment. and race. Control men and women weighed men and had more body cell mass, fat-free mass, and fat than did HIV-infected men. However. differences in body composition between HIV-infected and control groups were strongly influenced by sea. Of the differences in weight between HIV-infected and uninfected subjects, fat-fret mass accounted for 51% in men but only 18% in women, in whom the remainder was. fat. Sex effects were similar in African and American groups. Conclusions: Sex has a marked effect on the changes in body composition during HIV infection, with women losing disproportionately more fat than men. Sex-related differences in body composition were narrower in the HIV-infected groups. Race and environment had smaller effects than sex and HIV infection. C1 Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Coll Phys & Surg, Gastrointestinal Div, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med,Body Composit Unit, New York, NY 10025 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Geog Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kotler, DP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Coll Phys & Surg, Gastrointestinal Div, S&R 1301,1111 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10025 USA. OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 26695]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD039611, R01 HD039611-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 37352, DK 42618] NR 43 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 432 EP 439 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700014 PM 10075327 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Bowman, BA AF Ford, ES Bowman, BA TI Serum and red blood cell folate concentrations, race, and education: findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE education; ethnic group; folic acid; health surveys; third National Health and Nutrition Examination; Survey; NHANES III; African Americans; Mexican Americans ID FOLIC-ACID AB Background: Little is known about the relations between race or ethnicity, educational attainment, and serum and red blood cell folate concentrations. Objective: We examined the relation between educational attainment and serum and red blood cell folate concentrations in 8457 white, African American, and Mexican American men and women aged greater than or equal to 17 y. Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from Phase 1 of the third National health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1991). Results: White men had significantly higher adjusted serum and red blood cell folate concentrations (16.9 and 502.6 nmol/L, respectively! than did African American men (15.6 and 423.3 nmol/L, respectively) or Mexican American men (16.0 and 457.0 nmol/L, respectively): white women had significantly higher concentrations (18.4 and 515.9 nmol/L, respectively) than did African American women (16.3 and 415.3 nmol/L, respectively) or Mexican American women (15.9 and 455.7 nmol/L, respectively). For the entire sample, rank correlation coefficients between educational attainment and serum and red blood cell folate were 0.11 and 0.12, respectively, and were larger in white participants than in other participants. No significant linear trends between adjusted serum or red blood cell folate and educational attainment were found. Among participants with > 12 y of education, the mean adjusted concentrations of serum folate were 15% and 18% lower and those of red blood cell were 18% and 22% lower in African American men and women than in white men and women. respectively. Conclusions: African Americans and Mexican Americans could benefit most from public health programs to boost folate intakes by encouraging increased intake of folate-rich foods and vitamin supplements. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM esf2@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 476 EP 481 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700020 PM 10075333 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rogers, G Selhub, J Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Wright, JD Johnson, CL AF Jacques, PF Rosenberg, IH Rogers, G Selhub, J Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Wright, JD Johnson, CL TI Serum total homocysteine concentrations in adolescent and adult Americans: results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE homocysteine concentrations; occlusive vascular disease; age; sex; race; ethnic groups; nutrition surveys; adolescents; adults; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES III ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; MENOPAUSAL STATUS; COMMON MUTATION; RISK FACTOR; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; MEN AB Background: The elevation of circulating total homocysteine concentrations in a fasting state is associated with an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease. Objective: The primary goals of this study were to describe the distribution of serum total homocysteine concentrations in the United States and to test for differences in homocysteine concentrations among sex, age, and race-ethnicity categories. Design: Using surplus sera from phase 2 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we measured serum total homocysteine concentrations for a nationally representative sample of 3766 males and 4819 females aged greater than or equal to 12 y. Results: Age-adjusted geometric mean total homocysteine concentrations were 9.6 and 7.9 mmol/L in non-Hispanic white males and females, 9.8 and 8.2 mmol/L in non-Hispanic black males and females, and 9.4 and 7.4 mmol/L in Mexican American males and females, respectively. Age-adjusted geometric mean total homocysteine concentrations were significantly lower in females than in males in each race-ethnicity group (P < 0.01) and were significantly lower in Mexican American females than in non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic block females (P < 0.01). There was a significant age-se interaction (P < 0.01). reflecting the fact that homocysteine concentrations in females tended to diverge from those in males at younger ages and converge with those in males at older ages. Conclusions: The first data on homocysteine concentrations in a nationally representative sample of Americans confirm the age and ser; differences reported previously in nonrepresentative samples. These data also indicate that differences between Mexican American and non-Hispanic females may influence circulating homocysteine concentrations. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL52630] NR 41 TC 176 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 482 EP 489 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700021 PM 10075334 ER PT J AU Houston, DK Johnson, MA Nozza, RJ Gunter, EW Shea, KJ Cutler, GM Edmonds, JT AF Houston, DK Johnson, MA Nozza, RJ Gunter, EW Shea, KJ Cutler, GM Edmonds, JT TI Age-related hearing loss, vitamin B-12, and folate in elderly women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE age-related hearing loss; impaired hearing; hearing impairment; presbycusis; presbyacusis; vitamin B-12; folate; atrophic gastritis; elderly; women; humans ID OLDER ADULTS; DEFICIENCY; POPULATION; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; DEAFNESS; DISEASE AB Background: Hearing impairment is 1 of the 4 most prevalent chronic conditions in the elderly. However, the biological basis of age-related hearing loss is unknown. Objective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that age-related hearing loss may be associated with poor vitamin B-12 and folate status. Design: A thorough audiometric assessment was conducted in 55 healthy women aged 60-71 y. Hearing function was determined by the average of pure-tone air conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz and was categorized into 2 groups for logistic regression analyses: normal hearing (<20 dB hearing level; n = 44) and impaired hearing (greater than or equal to 20 dB hearing level; n = 11). Results: Mean age was the same (65 y) for the normal hearing and impaired hearing groups. Pure-tone averages were inversely correlated with serum vitamin B-12 (r = -0.58, P = 0.0001) and red cell folate (r = -0.37, P = 0.01). Women with impaired hearing had 38% lower serum vitamin B-12 (236 compared with 380 pmol/L, respectively, P = 0.008) and 31% lower red cell folate 425 compared with 619 nmol/L, respectively, P = 0.02) than women with normal hearing. Among participants who did not take supplements containing vitamin B-12 or folate, women with impaired hearing had 48% lower serum vitamin B-12 (156 compared with 302 pmol/L, respectively, P = 0.0007) and 43% lower red cell folate (288 compared with 502 nmol/L, respectively, P = 0.001) than women with normal hearing. Conclusion: Poor vitamin B-12 and folate status may be associated with age-related auditory dysfunction. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Food & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnson, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mjohnson@fcs.uga.edu NR 51 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 69 IS 3 BP 564 EP 571 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 170XQ UT WOS:000078832700033 PM 10075346 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, SD Holtgrave, DR AF Pinkerton, SD Holtgrave, DR TI Economic impact of delaying or preventing AIDS in persons with HIV SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COMBINATION THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; INFECTION AB Objectives: To investigate how preventing or delaying the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) [or other severe conditions related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)] through antiretroviral therapy affects the lifetime cost of HIV/AIDS care, and to compare the cost of therapy with the potential savings in HIV/AIDS-related end-of-life care. Methods: The analysis utilized a previously developed economic model of HIV/AIDS-related medical care costs under various disease progression scenarios to compare the costs and benefits of antiretroviral therapy. Results: The analysis suggests that: (1) recent projections of long-term medical care cost savings due to highly effective protease inhibitor combination therapies ave probably illusory; (2) it makes relatively little difference to the overall long-term cost of HIV/AIDS care whether combination antiretroviral therapy completely prevents or just substantially delays progression to AIDS; and (3) although combination therapy is not likely to save economic resources in the long run, it nevertheless can be highly cost effective. Conclusions: The health-related benefits of antiretroviral therapy are not free, but appear to be worth the cost. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Cost Effectiveness Studies Core, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pinkerton, SD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Cost Effectiveness Studies Core, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH56830, P30-MH52776, R01 MH55440] NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD MAR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 176XK UT WOS:000079177200002 PM 10351025 ER PT J AU Bamberger, JD Waldo, CR Gerberding, JL Katz, MH AF Bamberger, JD Waldo, CR Gerberding, JL Katz, MH TI Postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection following sexual assault SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RAPE; RISK; TRANSMISSION; EXPOSURE; VICTIMS; WOMEN; CARE AB Although the 1998 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases recommend offering postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HN) infection following sexual assault, there are no detailed protocols on how to provide this treatment. Postexposure prophylaxis has been shown to lower the risk of seroconversion following occupational exposure to HIV by 81%, but has not yet been evaluated following sexual exposure. Though scientific data are limited, victims of sexual assault should be given the best information available to make an informed decision regarding postexposure prophylaxis. When the choice is made to take medications to prevent HIV infection, treatment should be initiated as soon as possible, but no later than 72 hours following the assault, and should be continued for 28 days. HIV postexposure prophylaxis should be provided in the context of a comprehensive treatment and counseling program that recognizes the physical and psychosocial trauma experienced by victims of sexual assault. (C) 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Family & Community Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Aids Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bamberger, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 101 Grove St,Rm 320, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1RO1AI42523-01]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH 42459] NR 22 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 106 IS 3 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00018-2 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 179DL UT WOS:000079310300010 PM 10190382 ER PT J AU Ye, JP Shi, XL Jones, W Rojanasakul, Y Cheng, NL Schwegler-Berry, D Baron, P Deye, GJ Li, CH Castranova, V AF Ye, JP Shi, XL Jones, W Rojanasakul, Y Cheng, NL Schwegler-Berry, D Baron, P Deye, GJ Li, CH Castranova, V TI Critical role of glass fiber length in TNF-alpha production and transcription factor activation in macrophages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nuclear factor-kappa B; free radicals; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ID NF-KAPPA-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MADE MINERAL FIBERS; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; ASBESTOS; SILICA; CELLS; TRANSLOCATION; MECHANISMS AB Recent studies have demonstrated that dielectrophoresis is an efficient method for the separation of fibers according to fiber length. This method allows the investigation of fiber-cell interactions with fiber samples of the same composition but of different lengths. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of length on the interaction between glass fibers and macrophages by focusing on production of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The underlying molecular mechanisms controlling TNF-alpha production were investigated at the gene transcription level. The results show that glass fibers induced TNF-alpha production in macrophages and that this induction was associated with activation of the gene promoter. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B was responsible for this induced promoter activity. The inhibition of both TNF-alpha production and NF-kappa B activation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant. indicates that generation of oxidants mag contribute to the induction of this cytokine and activation of this transcription factor by glass fibers. Long fibers (17 mu m) were significantly more potent than short fibers (7 mu m) in inducing NF-kappa B activation, the gene promoter activity, and the production of TNF-alpha. This fiber length-dependent difference in the stimulatory potency correlated with the fact that macrophages were able to completely engulf short glass fibers, whereas phagocytosis of long glass fibers was incomplete. These results suggest that fiber length plays a critical role in the potential pathogenicity of glass fibers. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Basic Pharmaceut Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Castranova, V (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop L2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Shi, Xianglin/B-8588-2012 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 276 IS 3 BP L426 EP L434 PG 9 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 173WY UT WOS:000079003800006 PM 10070106 ER PT J AU Fishbein, M Higgins, DL Rietmeijer, C Wolitski, RJ AF Fishbein, M Higgins, DL Rietmeijer, C Wolitski, RJ CA CDC AIDS Community Demonstration Projects Res G TI Community-level HIV intervention in 5 cities: Final outcome data from the CDC AIDS community demonstration projects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEART-HEALTH-PROGRAM; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; RISK-REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; CONDOM USE; TRIALS; MODEL; PROSTITUTES; EDUCATION AB Objectives. This study evaluated a theory-based community-level intervention to promote progress toward consistent condom and bleach use among selected populations at increased risk for HN infection in 5 US cities. Methods. Role-model stories were distributed, along with condoms and bleach, by community members who encouraged behavior change among injection drug users, their female sex partners, sex workers, non-gay-identified men who have sex with men. high-risk youth, and residents in areas with high sexually transmitted disease rates. Over a 3-year period, cross-sectional interviews (n = 15205) were conducted in 10 intervention and comparison community pairs. Outcomes were measured on a stage-of-change scale. Observed condom carrying and intervention exposure were also measured. Results. At the community level, movement reward consistent condom use with main (P < .05) and nonmain (P < .05) partners, as well as increased condom carrying (P < .0001), was greater in intervention than in comparison communities. At the individual level, respondents recently exposed to the intervention were more likely to carry condoms and to have higher stage-of-change scores for condom and bleach use. Conclusions. The intervention led to significant communitywide progress toward consistent HIV risk reduction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fishbein, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, MS E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 68 TC 151 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 336 EP 345 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 170MU UT WOS:000078810100010 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Kelly, AE Teutsch, SM Thacker, SB Garbe, PL AF Ford, ES Kelly, AE Teutsch, SM Thacker, SB Garbe, PL TI Radon and lung cancer: A cost-effectiveness analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MITIGATION; HEALTH; RISK; EXPOSURE; BEHAVIOR; SMOKERS; ADJUNCT AB Objectives. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of general and targeted strategies for residential radon testing and mitigation in the United States. Methods. A decision-tree model was used to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of preventing radon-associated deaths from lung cancer. Results. For a radon threshold of 4 pCi/L, the estimated costs to prevent 1 lung cancer death are about $3 million (154 lung cancer deaths prevented), or $480000 per life-year saved, based on universal radon screening and mitigation, and about $2 million (104 lung cancer deaths prevented), or $330000 per life-year saved, if testing and mitigation are confined to geographic areas at high risk for radon exposure. For mitigation undertaken after a single screening test and after a second confirmatory test, the estimated costs are about $920000 and $520000, respectively, to prevent a lung cancer death with universal screening and $130000 and $80000 per life-year for high risk screening. The numbers of preventable lung cancer deaths are 811 and 527 for universal and targeted approaches, respectively. Conclusions. These data suggest possible alternatives to current recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM esf2@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.3.351 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 170MU UT WOS:000078810100012 PM 10076484 ER PT J AU Jafari, HS Adams, WG Robinson, KA Plikaytis, BD Wenger, JD AF Jafari, HS Adams, WG Robinson, KA Plikaytis, BD Wenger, JD CA Haemophilus Influenzae Study Grp TI Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines and persistence of disease in disadvantaged populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; HBOC VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; POLYSACCHARIDE; CARRIAGE; INFANTS; IMPACT; HIB AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines among children aged 2 to 18 months and to determine risk factors for invasive Hib disease during a period of declining incidence (1991-1994). Methods. A prospective population-based case-control study was conducted in a multistate US population of 15.5 million. A laboratory-based active surveillance system was used for case detection. Results. In a multivariate analysis. having a single-parent mother (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 14.8) and household crowding (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.03, 11.7) were risk factors for Hib disease independent of vaccination status. After adjustment for these risk factors, the projective efficacy of 2 or more Hib vaccine doses was 86% (95% CI = 16%, 98%). Among undervaccinated subjects, living with a smoker (P = .02) and several indicators of lower socioeconomic status were risk factors for Hib disease. Conclusions. Hib disease still occurs at low levels in the United States. predominantly in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Low immunization coverage may facilitate continuing transmission of Hib. Special efforts to achieve complete and timely immunization in disadvantaged populations are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Childhood & Respiratory Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wenger, JD (reprint author), WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, GPV, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.3.364 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 170MU UT WOS:000078810100014 PM 10076486 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG Millard, PS Walker, DR Deseda, CC Casta-Velez, A AF Rigau-Perez, JG Millard, PS Walker, DR Deseda, CC Casta-Velez, A TI A deviation bar chart for detecting dengue outbreaks in Puerto Rico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE DATA; ABERRATIONS; DISEASES AB Objectives. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention deviation bar chart (Statistical Software for Public Health Surveillance) and laboratory-based surveillance data were evaluated for their utility in detecting dengue outbreaks in Fuel-to Rico. Methods. A significant increase in dengue incidence was defined as an excess of suspected cases of more than 2 SDs beyond the mean for all 4-week periods from April through June (the period of lowest seasonal incidence), 1989 through 1993. An outbreak was defined as a cumulative annual rate of reported dengue greater than 3 per 1000 population. Results. Retrospective application of;he system to 1994 data showed agreement with previous analyses. In 1995 and 1996, 36.4% and 27.3%, respectively, of municipalities with a significant increase in reports for 2 or more consecutive weeks before the first week of September had an outbreak, compared with 9.0% (in 1995, P = .042) and 6.0% (in 1996, P = .054) of towns without a significant increase. The system showed sensitivity near 40%, specificity near 89%, and accuracy in classifying municipalities near 84%. Conclusions. This method provides a statistically based, visually striking, specific, and timely signal for dengue control efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligent Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance & Epidemiol Invest, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Secretariat Environm Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol, San Juan, PR USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 374 EP 378 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.3.374 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 170MU UT WOS:000078810100016 PM 10076488 ER PT J AU Sahyoun, NR Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Harris, T Pamuk, ER AF Sahyoun, NR Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Harris, T Pamuk, ER TI Body mass index, weight change, and incidence of self-reported physician-diagnosed arthritis among women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID 1ST NATIONAL-HEALTH; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; NHANES-I; FAT DISTRIBUTION; RISK-FACTORS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; DISABILITY; KNEE; ASSOCIATION; OBESITY AB Objectives. This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI), weight change, and arthritis in women. Methods. Data were taken from the 1982-1984 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study of 3617 women, aged 25 to 74 years. Results. Women with a BMI greater than 32 at initial interview were at significantly higher risk of developing arthritis than women with a BMI of 19 to 21.9. Compared with stable-weight women with a BMI of less than 25, women who were obese at initial interview (BMI > 29) and who subsequently maintained their weight or gained more than 10% of their body weight were at significantly higher risk of developing arthritis. Conclusions. Attaining and maintaining a healthy weight may reduce the risk of developing arthritis. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Sahyoun, NR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 775, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.3.391 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 170MU UT WOS:000078810100020 PM 10076492 ER PT J AU Will, JC Denny, C Serdula, M Muneta, B AF Will, JC Denny, C Serdula, M Muneta, B TI Trends in body weight among American Indians: Findings from a telephone survey, 1985 through 1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID US ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; HEALTH AB Objectives. This study compared trends in body mass index for American Indian men and women across selected regions of the United States. Methods. Self-reported data were collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results. Among women in the Dakotas, New Mexico and Arizona, and Washington and Oregon, average adjusted body mass index increased significantly by 0.1 to 0.2 units per year. Among men in Alaska and the Dakotas, average adjusted body mass index also increased significantly by 0.1 to 0.2 units each year. Conclusions. Because of rapid increases in average body mass index, some American Indian populations could be burdened by an increased incidence of chronic disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Will, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.3.395 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 170MU UT WOS:000078810100021 PM 10076493 ER PT J AU Husten, CG Giovino, G AF Husten, CG Giovino, G TI Occasional smoking in a study of premenopausal women - Husten and Giovino respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Husten, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1999 VL 89 IS 3 BP 421 EP 421 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.3.421 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 170MU UT WOS:000078810100038 ER PT J AU Wells, CD Ocana, M Moser, K Bergmire-Sweat, D Mohle-Boetani, JC Binkin, NJ AF Wells, CD Ocana, M Moser, K Bergmire-Sweat, D Mohle-Boetani, JC Binkin, NJ TI A study of tuberculosis among foreign-born Hispanic persons in the US states bordering Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In 1996, 10% of the 20,973 U.S. tuberculosis (TB) cases were among foreign-born (FB) Hispanic persons, with the four states bordering Mexico accounting for 83% of FBH cases. Limited information is available on this population's health care seeking and migration practices and on differences between FB Hispanic patients In border and nonborder areas. Therefore, we conducted interviews and record reviews for all consenting FB Hispanic TB patients from eight counties bordering Mexico (BC; n = 167) and seven urban nonborder counties (NBC; n = 158) in these States during 1995-1997. BC patients had resided in the U.S. longer than NBC patients (17.4 versus 10.8 yr; p < 0.01), had immigrated more often from Mexican border communities (62.4% versus 25.4%; p < 0.01), and had returned to Mexico more often in the past 12 mo (71.5% versus 47.3%; p < 0.01). TB symptoms were present for greater than or equal to 6 mo in 37% of BC and 34% of NBC patients. Binational collaboration is essential for improving TB control in both countries and should extend beyond border areas of Mexico. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Diego Cty Dept Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Binkin, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 BP 834 EP 837 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 175QQ UT WOS:000079106600022 PM 10051259 ER PT J AU Agerton, T McCray, E Curtis, A Moore, B Pratt, I Onorato, I AF Agerton, T McCray, E Curtis, A Moore, B Pratt, I Onorato, I TI Characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) cases with pyrazinamide (PZA) mono-resistance. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A551 EP A551 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237103041 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE McCray, E AF Bennett, DE McCray, E TI Continuing high tuberculosis rater among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the US SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A748 EP A748 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237104152 ER PT J AU Burman, W Vernon, A Benator, D AF Burman, W Vernon, A Benator, D CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Isoniazid, rifampin, and rifapentine in human plasma: No need to add ascorbic acid to maintain stability. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Denver Publ Hlth, CDC, Washington VAMC, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A496 EP A496 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237102748 ER PT J AU Burman, W Villarino, ME Wang, Y Lundergan, L Catanzaro, A Bock, N Jones, C Nolan, C AF Burman, W Villarino, ME Wang, Y Lundergan, L Catanzaro, A Bock, N Jones, C Nolan, C TI Comparable specificity of Aplisol((R)) and Tubersol((R)): A controlled study using PPD-SI. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A224 EP A224 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101214 ER PT J AU Caudill, C Lama, J Chira, N Deibert, R Grigonis, K McAuley, J AF Caudill, C Lama, J Chira, N Deibert, R Grigonis, K McAuley, J TI Tuberculosis (TB) case detection in single room occupancy (SRO) hotels and shelters. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago Hlth Outreach, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A905 EP A905 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237105066 ER PT J AU Curtis, AB AF Curtis, AB CA Investigative Team TI Extensive transmission of M-tuberculosis from a child, North Dakota. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismark, ND USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A904 EP A904 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237105061 ER PT J AU Davis, YM McCray, E Onorato, IM AF Davis, YM McCray, E Onorato, IM TI Characteristics of health care workers with a positive PPD history in tuberculin skin testing surveillance programs. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A302 EP A302 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101638 ER PT J AU Duncan, H Klaczak, J Murphy, D Mennella, C McAuley, J AF Duncan, H Klaczak, J Murphy, D Mennella, C McAuley, J TI Cost-effectiveness of Cook County Jail's (CCJ) chest radiograph screening (CXRS) program for tuberculosis (TB). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cook Cty Jail Cermak Hlth Serv, Dept Child Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A17 EP A17 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237100022 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, LK AF Fitzpatrick, LK CA Investigative Team TI Investigation of laboratory cross-contamination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures in a hospital laboratory. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A494 EP A494 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237102738 ER PT J AU Homa, DM Mannino, DM Lara, M AF Homa, DM Mannino, DM Lara, M TI Asthma mortality in US hispanics of Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Mexican heritage, 1990-1995. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat & Rand Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A133 EP A133 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237100696 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Shilkret, KL Schulman, ME Dillon, M Moghazeh, S Bifani, P Kreiswirth, BN AF Liu, Z Shilkret, KL Schulman, ME Dillon, M Moghazeh, S Bifani, P Kreiswirth, BN TI Use of DNA genotyping in tuberculosis surveillance in New Jersey, 1996-1997. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A905 EP A905 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237105063 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Giovino, G Ford, E AF Mannino, DM Giovino, G Ford, E TI Lung cancer mortality and cigarette smoking in the US - An analysis of the 1993 mortality follow-back study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A320 EP A320 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101741 ER PT J AU Marks, S Taylor, Z Nguyen, C Qualls, N Shrestha-Kuwahara, R AF Marks, S Taylor, Z Nguyen, C Qualls, N Shrestha-Kuwahara, R TI Completion of preventive therapy among contacts of infectious TB cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A224 EP A224 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101213 ER PT J AU Mazurek, G Gonzalez, F Ansari, MT Crawford, JT AF Mazurek, G Gonzalez, F Ansari, MT Crawford, JT TI Dual antitranslational drug therapy for tuberculosis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Mexico Border Hlth Assoc, El Paso, TX USA. Greenville Mem Hosp, Greenville, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A553 EP A553 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237103054 ER PT J AU Moore, M McCray, E AF Moore, M McCray, E TI Characteristics of US TB cases by injecting drug use, 1994-96 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A747 EP A747 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237104145 ER PT J AU Moorman, J Mannino, D AF Moorman, J Mannino, D TI Demographic components of the increase in asthma mortality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A133 EP A133 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237100695 ER PT J AU Naeher, LP Leaderer, BP Beckett, WS Triche, EW Belanger, K Holford, TR Bracken, MB Lin, YM AF Naeher, LP Leaderer, BP Beckett, WS Triche, EW Belanger, K Holford, TR Bracken, MB Lin, YM TI Variations in daily PEF in women by season, household characteristics, demographics and health history SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CSTE, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. RI Triche, Elizabeth/I-4986-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A128 EP A128 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237100666 ER PT J AU Nguyen, C Taylor, Z Qualls, N Paz, EA Silk, B Kawamura, M AF Nguyen, C Taylor, Z Qualls, N Paz, EA Silk, B Kawamura, M TI Effectiveness of screening and treatment of latent TB infection among class B1 and B2 immigrants. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco TB Control Clin, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A223 EP A223 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101206 ER PT J AU Peloquin, CA Vernon, A Burman, W Benator, D AF Peloquin, CA Vernon, A Burman, W Benator, D CA TB Trials Consortium TI Pharmacokinetics of rifapentine, rifampin, isoniazid in TB patients. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Jewish & Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. VAMC, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A16 EP A16 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237100018 ER PT J AU Reichler, MR AF Reichler, MR CA Contact Invest Study Grp TI Characteristics of contacts to tuberculosis cases who receive preventive therapy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Metro TB Control, Denver, CO USA. Natl TB Ctr, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A223 EP A223 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101209 ER PT J AU Sachdev, PS Bassoff, T Kreiswirth, BN Cook, S Munsiff, S Fujiwara, PI AF Sachdev, PS Bassoff, T Kreiswirth, BN Cook, S Munsiff, S Fujiwara, PI TI Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in New York City: An ongoing survey, April 1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A904 EP A904 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237105060 ER PT J AU Schneider, E McCray, E Onorato, I AF Schneider, E McCray, E Onorato, I TI Epidemiology of TB among foreign-born children in the US, 1986-1997. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A748 EP A748 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237104147 ER PT J AU Schulte, JM McAdams, L Onorato, IM Walter, E AF Schulte, JM McAdams, L Onorato, IM Walter, E TI Tuberculin skin testing among pregnant, HIV-infected women in North Carolina. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A302 EP A302 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101639 ER PT J AU Southwick, KL Hamilton, C Maillard, JM Hutwagner, L Simone, P AF Southwick, KL Hamilton, C Maillard, JM Hutwagner, L Simone, P TI Risk factors for prolonged therapy (> nine months) for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB, North Carolina, 1994-96 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina Dept Hlth Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A551 EP A551 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237103043 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Moore, M McCray, E Binkin, NJ AF Talbot, EA Moore, M McCray, E Binkin, NJ TI Tuberculosis in foreign-born persons, United States, 1993-97 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A17 EP A17 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237100023 ER PT J AU Ten Hoor, TL Mannino, DM Guidot, DM Moss, M AF Ten Hoor, TL Mannino, DM Guidot, DM Moss, M TI Alcohol consumption of greater than three times per week is associated with an increased proportionate mortality ratio from the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Carlyle Fraser Heart Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A717 EP A717 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237103992 ER PT J AU Webb, R Weinbaum, C Morrison, M Valway, S Holcombe, M AF Webb, R Weinbaum, C Morrison, M Valway, S Holcombe, M TI High rates of TSTs >= 5 mm among poultry plant foreign-born workers after exposure to an active tuberculosis case. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A223 EP A223 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101207 ER PT J AU Yamada, EG Roberto, L Sudhakar, R Wilson, SR Mannino, DM Mejia, C Huss, N Grado, J AF Yamada, EG Roberto, L Sudhakar, R Wilson, SR Mannino, DM Mejia, C Huss, N Grado, J TI Poor asthma control and inadequate medication regimens in a population of Medi-Cal children with asthma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Fresno, CA USA. Valley Childrens Hosp, Fresno, CA 93703 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Palo Alto Med Fdn Res Inst, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 IS 3 SU S BP A267 EP A267 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 230DT UT WOS:000082237101438 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Kaslow, DC Sullivan, JAS Morris, CL Galland, GG Yang, CF Saekhou, AM Xiao, LH Lal, AA AF Collins, WE Kaslow, DC Sullivan, JAS Morris, CL Galland, GG Yang, CF Saekhou, AM Xiao, LH Lal, AA TI Testing the efficacy of a recombinant merozoite surface protein (MSP-1(19)) of Plasmodium vivax in Saimiri boliviensis monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ANTIGEN CONSTRUCT; AOTUS-NANCYMAI MONKEYS; SALVADOR I-STRAIN; T-CELL EPITOPES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOS; OWL MONKEYS; SPOROZOITE TRANSMISSION; TETANUS TOXIN AB Saimiri boliviensis monkeys were immunized with the yeast-expressed recombinant protein yP(2)P(30)Pv200(19). The antigen consisted of the C-terminus (amino acid Asn(1622)-Ser(1729)) of the merozoite surface protein 1 of the Plasmodium vivax Salvador I strain. Two universal T helper cell epitopes (P-2 and P-30) of tetanus toxin and six histidine residues for purification purposes were attached to the N- and C-termini, respectively. Four groups of five monkeys were given three immunizations at four-week intervals with either 250 mu g of yP(2)P(30)Pv200(19) formulated with nonionic block copolymer P1005, 250 mu g of antigen adsorbed to alum, 250 mu g of antigen in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or PBS alone. Five weeks after the last immunization, each animal was inoculated with 100,000 parasitized erythrocytes of the Salvador I strain of P. vivax. Animals were splenectomized one week after challenge to increase parasite densities; after seven weeks of infection, animals were treated. Eighteen weeks later, the animals were rechallenged with the homologous parasite. Following the first challenge, three monkeys immunized with the antigen with P1005 were protected; no animals were protected from rechallenge. One monkey immunized with yP(2)P(30)Pv200(19) with alum was protected; no protection was seen after rechallenge. Two monkeys immunized with antigen alone were protected; none were protected from rechallenge. One control animal had a low parasite count following primary infection; none were protected against rechallenge. Adverse reactions were only observed with animals receiving P1005. It is proposed that splenectomy of the monkeys prevented adequate assessment of the efficacy of this antigen. Identification of a monkey host that supports high density parasitemia without splenectomy appears needed before further testing of blood-stage vaccines against P. vivax. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 30 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 350 EP 356 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900004 PM 10466960 ER PT J AU Lyman, DE Monteiro, FA Escalante, AA Cordon-Rosales, C Wesson, DM Dujardin, JP Beard, CB AF Lyman, DE Monteiro, FA Escalante, AA Cordon-Rosales, C Wesson, DM Dujardin, JP Beard, CB TI Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation among triatomine vectors of Chagas' disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HOLOCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES; INFERRING PHYLOGENIES; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; VARIABILITY; REDUVIIDAE; HEMIPTERA; INFESTANS; DIFFERENTIATION; EVOLUTION; PRIMERS AB Kissing bugs or triatomines (Reduviidae: Triatominae) are vectors of the Chagas' disease agent Trypanosoma cruzi. There is a current need for more sensitive tools for use in discrimination of different bug populations and species, thus allowing a better understanding of these insects as it relates to disease transmission and control. In a preliminary analysis of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (mtlsurRNA) and cytochrome B (mtCytB) genes, we used DNA sequencing to study species identification and phylogeny. In both examined gene regions, about 46% of nucleotide positions exhibited polymorphism. The examined region of mtCytB appears to have evolved more rapidly than the examined region of mtlsurRNA. Phylogenetic analysis of both gene fragments in the examined species produced similar results that were generally consistent with the accepted taxonomy of the subfamily. The two major tribes, Rhodniini and Triatomini, were supported, along with additional clades that corresponded to accepted species complexes within the Rhodnius and Triatoma genera. The one chief exception was that Psammolestes coreodes sorted into the Rhodnius prolixus-robustus-neglectus clade, with bootsrap values of 99% and 81%, respectively, for the mtlsurRNA and mtCytB fragments. All of the individual species examined could be distinguished at both genetic loci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas, Venezuela. Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Valle Guatemala, Inst Invest, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. ORSTOM, La Paz, Bolivia. RP Lyman, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 377 EP 386 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900007 PM 10466963 ER PT J AU Komar, N Dohm, DJ Turell, MJ Spielman, A AF Komar, N Dohm, DJ Turell, MJ Spielman, A TI Eastern equine encephalitis virus in birds: Relative competence of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION AB To determine whether eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus infection in starlings may be more fulminant than in various native candidate reservoir birds, we compared their respective intensities and durations of viremia. Viremias are more intense and longer lasting in starlings than in robins and other birds. Starlings frequently die as their viremia begins to wane; other birds generally survive. Various Aedes as well as Culiseta melanura mosquitoes can acquire EEE viral infection from infected starlings under laboratory conditions. The reservoir competence of a bird is described as the product of infectiousness (proportion of feeding mosquitoes that become infected) and the duration of infectious viremia. Although starlings are not originally native where EEE is enzootic, a starling can infect about three times as many mosquitoes as can a robin. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Med Res Div Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900008 PM 10466964 ER PT J AU Amerasinghe, PH Amerasinghe, FP Konradsen, F Fonseka, KT Wirtz, RA AF Amerasinghe, PH Amerasinghe, FP Konradsen, F Fonseka, KT Wirtz, RA TI Malaria vectors in a traditional dry zone village in Sri Lanka SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; IRRIGATION PROJECT; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; CULICIDAE; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; AREA AB Malaria transmission by anopheline mosquitoes was studied in a traditional tank-irrigation-base rice-producing village in the malaria-endemic low country dry zone of northcentral Sri Lanka during the period August 1994-February 1997. Adult mosquitoes were collected from human and bovid bait catches, bovid-baited trap huts, indoor catches, and pit traps. Mosquito head-thoraces were tested for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, and blood-engorged abdomens for the presence of human blood by ELISAs. House surveys were done at two-day intervals to record cases of blood film-confirmed malaria among the villagers. A total of 7,823 female anophelines representing 14 species were collected. Trends in anopheline abundance were significantly correlated with rainfall of the preceding month in An. annularis, An. barbirostris, An. subpictus, An. vagus, and An. varuna, but were not significant in An. culicifacies and An. peditaeniatus. Malaria parasite infections were seen in seven mosquito species, with 75% of the positive mosquitoes containing P. falciparum and 25% P. vivax. Polymorph PV247 was recorded from a vector (i.e., Art. varuna) for the first time in Sri Lanka. Computations of mean number of infective vector (MIV) rates using abundance, circumsporozoite (CS) protein rate, and human blood index (HBI) showed the highest rate in An. culicifacies. A malaria outbreak occurred from October 1994 to January 1995 in which 45.5% of village residents experienced at least a single disease episode. Thereafter, malaria incidence remained low. Anopheles culicifacies abundance lagged by one month correlated positively with monthly malaria incidence during the outbreak period, and although this species ranked fifth in terms of abundance, infection was associated with a high MIV rate due to a high CS protein rate and HBI. Abundance trends in other species did not correlate significantly with malaria. It was concluded that An. culicifacies was epidemiologically the most important vector in the study area. C1 Univ Peradeniya, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Int Irrigat Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Amerasinghe, PH (reprint author), Univ Peradeniya, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. OI Konradsen, Flemming/0000-0003-1036-6949 NR 30 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 421 EP 429 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900015 PM 10466971 ER PT J AU Ogen-Odoi, A Miller, BR Happ, CM Maupin, GO Burkot, TR AF Ogen-Odoi, A Miller, BR Happ, CM Maupin, GO Burkot, TR TI Isolation of Thogoto virus (Orthomyxoviridae) from the banded mongoose, Mongos mungo (Herpestidae), in Uganda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Small wild vertebrates were trapped during an investigation into possible vertebrate reservoirs of o'nyong-nyong (ONN) fever virus in Uganda in 1997. Antibody neutralization test results and virus isolation attempts were negative for ONN virus, confirming the work of earlier investigators, who also failed to find evidence for a nonhuman ONN virus reservoir. In the course of these ONN virus studies, Thogoto virus was isolated from one of eight banded mongooses (Mongos mungo). This is the first isolation of Thogoto virus from a wild vertebrate. Neutralizing antibodies to Thogoto virus were also found in two of the other mongooses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Ogen-Odoi, A (reprint author), Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 439 EP 440 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900017 PM 10466973 ER PT J AU Weaver, SC Pfeffer, M Marriott, K Kang, WL Kinney, RM AF Weaver, SC Pfeffer, M Marriott, K Kang, WL Kinney, RM TI Genetic evidence for the origins of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IAB outbreaks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; SOUTH-AMERICA; ALPHAVIRUSES; COMPLEX; EVOLUTION; TC-83; GLYCOPROTEINS; ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCES AB Epizootics of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) involving subtype IAB viruses occurred sporadically in South, Central and North America from 1938 to 1973, Incompletely inactivated vaccines have long been suspected as a source of the later epizootics. We tested this hypothesis by sequencing the PE2 glycoprotein precursor (1,677 nucleotides) or 26S/nonstructural protein 4 (nsP4) genome regions (4,490 nucleotides) for isolates representing most major outbreaks. Two distinct IAB genotypes were identified: 1) 1940s Peruvian strains and 2) 1938-1973 isolates from South, Central, and North America. Nucleotide sequences of these two genotypes differed by 1.1%, while the latter group showed only 0.6% sequence diversity. Early VEE virus IAB strains that were used for inactivated vaccine preparation had sequences identical to those predicted by phylogenetic analyses to be ancestors of the 1960s-1970s outbreaks. These data support the hypothesis of a vaccine origin for many VEE outbreaks. However, continuous, cryptic circulation of IAB viruses cannot be ruled out as a source of epizootic emergence. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Weaver, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39508, AI-10984, AI-39800] NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 441 EP 448 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900018 PM 10466974 ER PT J AU Burkot, TR Clover, JR Happ, CM DeBess, E Maupin, GO AF Burkot, TR Clover, JR Happ, CM DeBess, E Maupin, GO TI Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from Neotoma fuscipes, Peromyscus maniculatus, Peromyscus boylii, and Ixodes pacificus in Oregon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LIZARD SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; LYME-DISEASE; SURFACE PROTEIN; CALIFORNIA; IXODIDAE; ACARI; TICK; SPINIPALPIS; COMPETENCE; SCAPULARIS AB The number of Lyme disease cases in Oregon has increased in recent years despite the fact that the pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, has never been isolated in the state. Rodent and tick surveys were undertaken in 1997 to isolate and characterize strains of B. burgdorferi from Oregon and to identify potential reservoirs and vectors of Lyme disease. Borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from Neotoma fuscipes, Peromyscus maniculatus, P. boylii, and Ixodes pacificus. Both N. fuscipes and P. maniculatus were infested with I. pacificus and I. spinipalpis. Although I. pacificus infested P. boylii, I. spinipalpis was not found on this rodent, and only 4% of the P. boylii were infected with B. burgdorferi compared with the 19% and 18% infection rates found in N. fuscipes and P. maniculatus, respectively. Variation in the molecular weights of the outer surface proteins A and B were found in these first confirmed isolates of B. burgdorferi from Oregon, as well as truncated forms of outer surface protein B. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Dept Human Resources, Div Hlth, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Burkot, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900020 PM 10466976 ER PT J AU Beach, MJ Streit, TG Addiss, DG Prospere, R Roberts, JM Lammie, PJ AF Beach, MJ Streit, TG Addiss, DG Prospere, R Roberts, JM Lammie, PJ TI Assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Haitian schoolchildren SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES INFECTIONS; TRICHURIS-TRICHIURA; GROWTH; FILARIASIS; CHILDREN; APPETITE; HOOKWORM AB This randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy and nutritional benefit of combining chemotherapeutic treatment for intestinal helminths (albendazole) and lymphatic filariasis (ivermectin). Children were infected with Ascaris (29.2%), Trichuris (42.2%), and hookworm (6.9%), with 54.7% of children having one or more of these parasites. Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria were found in 13.3% of the children. Children were randomly assigned to treatment with placebo, albendazole, ivermectin, or combined therapy. Combination treatment reduced the prevalence of Trichuris infections significantly more than either drug alone. Combination therapy also significantly reduced the prevalence and density of W. bancrofti microfilaremia compared with placebo or ivermectin alone. Only combination therapy resulted in significantly greater gains in height (hookworm-infected children) or weight (Trichturis-infected children) compared with the placebo group. Combined albendazole and ivermectin was a more efficacious treatment for intestinal helminth and W. bancrofti infections in children and resulted in nutritional benefits not found with either drug alone. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Parasitol, Athens, GA USA. Hosp Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti. RP Beach, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 479 EP 486 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900025 PM 10466981 ER PT J AU Warner, CK Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ Whitfield, SG Smith, JS Orciari, LA Shaddock, JH Niezgoda, M Wright, CW Goldsmith, CS Sanderlin, DW Yager, PA Rupprecht, CE AF Warner, CK Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ Whitfield, SG Smith, JS Orciari, LA Shaddock, JH Niezgoda, M Wright, CW Goldsmith, CS Sanderlin, DW Yager, PA Rupprecht, CE TI Laboratory investigation of human deaths from vampire bat rabies in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; RNA; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY; TISSUES AB In the spring of 1996, multiple cases of an acute febrile illness resulting in several deaths in remote locations in Peru were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The clinical syndromes for these cases included dysphagia and encephalitis. Because bat bites were a common occurrence in the affected areas, the initial clinical diagnosis was rabies. However, rabies was discounted primarily because of reported patient recovery. Samples of brain tissue from two of the fatal cases were received at CDC for laboratory confirmation of the rabies diagnosis. An extensive array of tests on the formalin-fixed tissues confirmed the presence of both rabies viral antigen and nucleic acid. The virus was shown to be most closely related to a vampire bat rabies isolate. These results indicate the importance of maintaining rabies in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile encephalitis, particularly in areas where exposure to vampire bats may occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Warner, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mailstop G-33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 60 IS 3 BP 502 EP 507 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 182PG UT WOS:000079506900029 PM 10466985 ER PT J AU Wang, J Ashley, K Marlow, D England, EC Carlton, O AF Wang, J Ashley, K Marlow, D England, EC Carlton, O TI Field method for the determination of hexavalent chromium by ultrasonication and strong anion exchange solid phase extraction SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WELDING FUMES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; CONTAMINATED SOILS; FLOW-INJECTION; WATER; SPECIATION; CR(VI); OPTIMIZATION; PESTICIDES AB A simple, fast, sensitive, and economical held method was developed and evaluated for the determination of hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) in environmental and workplace air samples. By means of ultrasonic extraction in combination with a strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SAE-SPE) technique, the filtration, isolation, and determination of Cr-VI in the presence of trivalent chromium (Cr-III) and potential interferents was achieved. The method entails (1) ultrasonication in basic ammonium buffer solution to extract Cr-VI from environmental matrixes; (2) SAE-SPE to separate Cr-VI from Cr-III and interferences; (3) elution/acidification of the eluate; (4) complexation of chromium with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide; and (5) spectrophotometric determination of the colored chromium-diphenylcarbazone complex. Several critical parameters were optimized in order to effect the extraction of both soluble (K2CrO4) and insoluble (PbCrO4) forms of Cr-VI without inducing Cr-III oxidation or Cr-VI reduction. The method allowed for the dissolution and purification of Cr-VI from environmental and workplace air sample matrixes for up to 24 samples simultaneously in less than 90 min (including ultrasonication). The results demonstrated that the method was simple, fast, quantitative, and sufficiently sensitive for the determination of occupational exposures of Cr-VI. The method is applicable for on-site monitoring of Cr-VI in environmental and industrial hygiene samples. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. USAF, Human Syst Ctr, Ind Hyg Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 40 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1027 EP 1032 DI 10.1021/ac980501r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 171AR UT WOS:000078840300028 PM 10079763 ER PT J AU Jackson, RJ Erickson, JD McGeehin, M Moore, CA Roberts, HE Lary, JM AF Jackson, RJ Erickson, JD McGeehin, M Moore, CA Roberts, HE Lary, JM TI Untitled SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; CHLORPYRIFOS; EMBRYOTOXICITY; DURSBAN C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Birth Defect & Genet Dis Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Birth Defect & Genet Dis Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 54 IS 2 BP 141 EP 142 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 175UW UT WOS:000079114800011 PM 10094293 ER PT J AU Cordell, RL Waterman, SH Chang, A Saruwatari, M Brown, M Solomon, SL AF Cordell, RL Waterman, SH Chang, A Saruwatari, M Brown, M Solomon, SL TI Provider-reported illness and absence due to illness among children attending child-care homes and centers in San Diego, Calif SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL DAY-CARE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RISK; ARRANGEMENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ABSENTEEISM; FACILITIES; TODDLERS AB Purpose: To compare the incidence of provider-reported illness and absence due to illness among children attending small child-care homes, large child-care homes, and child care centers in a large metropolitan area. Methods: From July 6, 1992, through January 28, 1994, we collected information from child-care providers on illness and absence due to illness at 64 small and 58 large child-care homes and 41 child-care centers. This included 113 446 child-weeks of information on 5360 children. Results: Providers reported 14 474 illness episodes (6.6 episodes per child-year) and 8593 days of absence due to illness (3.9 days per child-year). The incidence of illness episodes was greatest in children who were younger than 1 year, white, or enrolled in small child-care homes. The incidence of absence due to illness was greatest in children who were 1 year of age, Hispanic, or enrolled in child-care centers. Respiratory symptoms were most commonly associated with illness episodes and absence due to illness. Conclusions: Children in child-care homes had a greater incidence of provider-reported illness than did those in centers. This risk varied by the type of facility and was greatest in small child-care homes. The increased risk for absence due to illness among children in child-care centers reflects exclusion and attendance patterns. It may be possible to reduce the incidence of absence due to illness and subsequent economic impact of child-care-associated illness by educating providers on exclusion guidelines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Studies Act, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Diego Cty Dept Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Cordell, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Studies Act, Hosp Infect Program, MS A07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 907166-01] NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 153 IS 3 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 174DV UT WOS:000079019600010 PM 10086405 ER PT J AU Tan, EM Smolen, JS McDougal, JS Butcher, BT Conn, D Dawkins, R Fritzler, MJ Gordon, T Hardin, JA Kalden, JR Lahita, RG Maini, RN Rothfield, NF Smeenk, R Takasaki, Y van Venrooij, WJ Wiik, A Wilson, M Koziol, JA AF Tan, EM Smolen, JS McDougal, JS Butcher, BT Conn, D Dawkins, R Fritzler, MJ Gordon, T Hardin, JA Kalden, JR Lahita, RG Maini, RN Rothfield, NF Smeenk, R Takasaki, Y van Venrooij, WJ Wiik, A Wilson, M Koziol, JA TI A critical evaluation of enzyme immunoassays for detection of antinuclear autoantibodies of defined specificities - I. Precision, sensitivity, and specificity SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE SERA; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; SM AB Objective. To determine the performance characteristics of enzyme-based immunoassay (EIA) kits for the detection of antinuclear and other autoantibodies of defined specificities. Methods. Nine manufacturers of EIA kits to detect antibodies of defined specificities participated in a study in which they received coded sera from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These coded sera contained different dilutions of antibody of one specificity mixed with sera containing antibodies of other specificities. The manufacturers were asked to use their standard technology to determine antibody content and send the data to a committee of the International Union of Immunological Societies for analysis. The data were analyzed for sensitivity and specificity in the detection of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-single-stranded DNA, antihistone, anti-Sm, anti-U1 RNP, anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, anti-Scl-70 (DNA topoisomerase I), anticentromere, and anti-Jo-1 antibodies. In addition, replicate samples were included in the coded sera to evaluate the precision of each EIA method. Results. Lack of sensitivity and specificity was most evident in the anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm kits, although 2 kits for anti-dsDNA achieved acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Generally, anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, anti-Scl-70, anticentromere, and anti-Jo-1 kits performed well. Many false-positive results were obtained with a multiple myeloma serum containing cryoprecipitates, but multiple myeloma sera without cryoprecipitates presented no problem in the EIA system. Precision, based on evaluation of replicate samples, varied from very good to poor. Conclusion. No single manufacturer was clearly superior to others in terms of their products' overall sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Areas that needed improvement were in kits for the detection of antibodies to dsDNA and to Sm antigen. Some EIA kits achieved good sensitivity and specificity. Individual manufacturers were informed of the performance of their respective kits so they could take measures to correct perceived deficiencies and thus improve the reliability of a group of important diagnostic assays used in the evaluation of systemic rheumatic diseases. C1 Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Vienna, Ludwig Boltzmann Inst Rheumatol, Vienna, Austria. Lainz Hosp, A-1130 Vienna, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Arthrit Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Royal Perth Hosp, Perth, WA, Australia. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Flinders Med Ctr, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY 10025 USA. Kennedy Inst, London, England. Univ Connecticut, Farmington, CT USA. Netherlands Red Cross, Blood Transfus Serv, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Juntendo Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Tan, EM (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 14 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 42 IS 3 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(199904)42:3<455::AID-ANR10>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 175YM UT WOS:000079123700010 PM 10088768 ER PT J AU Schleicher, RL Lamartiniere, CA Zheng, M Zhang, M AF Schleicher, RL Lamartiniere, CA Zheng, M Zhang, M TI The inhibitory effect of genistein on the growth and metastasis of a transplantable rat accessory sex gland carcinoma SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE isoflavonoid; soy; prostate; cancer; genistein ID TYROSINE-KINASE; PROSTATE-CANCER; IN-VITRO; CELLS; ISOFLAVONES; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; SOY AB Background: A cell line (K1) derived from a carcinogen-induced accessory sex gland carcinoma was used to examine the effects of the soybean extract, genistein, on tumor growth and metastasis. Methods, Male Lobund-Wistar rats were injected s.c. with 20 million K1 cells; genistein (50 mg/kg BW) or the vehicle was administered s.c. every 12 h for 31 days. Results, Genistein significantly inhibited tumor growth. Compared with controls, fewer genistein-treated rats developed invasive tumors (11% vs. 44%) or lymph node metastases (44% vs. 89%), No lung metastases were found in genistein-treated animals in contrast to controls (0% vs. 44%). Estrogenic side effects were precipitated in genistein-treated rats, including decreased accessory sex gland complex weight, increased pituitary weight, decreased testis weight, and decreased (BW). Serum testosterone was undetectable and serum prostate-specific acid phosphatase activity was 38% lower in genistein-treated rats compared with controls. Genistein concentrations in the solid tumors (2 nmol/g) were one-third those in blood. Conclusions: These data suggest that genistein may be a useful chemotherapeutic agent to inhibit the growth and metastasis of accessory sex gland cancers, such as those derived from the prostate. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, VAMC Atlanta, Res Serv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Schleicher, RL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Nutr Biochem Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P03-CA13148-24, CA61742-03]; NCRR NIH HHS [S10RR06487] NR 15 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 136 IS 2 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00322-X PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 191DR UT WOS:000080006900010 PM 10355749 ER PT J AU Helfand, RF Kebede, S Gary, HE Beyene, H Bellini, WJ AF Helfand, RF Kebede, S Gary, HE Beyene, H Bellini, WJ TI Timing of development of measles-specific immunoglobulin M and G after primary measles vaccination SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; ANTIBODIES; INFANTS; VIRUS AB A standard method for diagnosing measles is to detect measles-specific immunoglobulin ICI (IgM) in the serum of infected persons. Interpreting a positive IgM result from a person with suspected measles can be difficult if the person has recently received a measles vaccine,We have previously demonstrated that measles-specific IgM may persist for at least 8 weeks after primary vaccination, but it is unknown how quickly IgM appears, This study determined the timing of the rise of measles-specific IgM and Ige after primary measles vaccination with Schwartz vaccine. Two hundred eighty 9-month-old children from Ethiopia presenting for routine measles vaccination were enrolled. Sera were collected before and either 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks after vaccination and tested for measles-specific antibodies by an IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by an indirect IgG EIA. A total of 209 of the 224 children who returned for the second visit had prevaccination sera that were both IgM and IgG negative. The postvaccination IgM positivity rates for these 209 children were 2% at 1 week, 61% at 2 weeks, 79% at 3 weeks, and 60% at 4 weeks, The postvaccination IgG positivity rates were 0% at 1 week, 14% at 2 weeks, 81% at 3 weeks, and 85% at 4 weeks. We conclude that an IgM-positive result obtained by this antibody capture EIA is difficult to interpret if serum is collected between 8 days and 8 weeks after vaccination; in this situation, the diagnosis of measles should be based on an epidemiologic linkage to a confirmed case or on the detection of wild-type measles virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Pediat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Helfand, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 178 EP 180 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 174QU UT WOS:000079046800006 PM 10066650 ER PT J AU Fuller, JD Craven, DE Steger, KA Cox, N Heeren, TC Chernoff, D AF Fuller, JD Craven, DE Steger, KA Cox, N Heeren, TC Chernoff, D TI Influenza vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults: Impact on plasma levels of HIV type 1 RNA and determinants of antibody response SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-16, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID CD4 CELL COUNTS; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; REPLICATION; LYMPHOCYTES; INDIVIDUALS AB We assessed the effect of influenza vaccination on plasma levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and the impact of age, plasma HIV-1 RNA level, CD4 cell count, and anti-HIV therapy on immune response. Forty-nine adults (mean age, 38.7 years; mean CD4 cell count +/-SD, 190 +/- 169/mL; mean plasma HIV-1 RNA level +/- SD, 154,616 +/- 317,192 copies/mL) were immunized. Elevations of greater than or equal to 0.48 log in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels occurred in two (4%) of 49 subjects within 4 weeks of vaccination. A fourfold or greater increase in antibody titer occurred in 13 (45%) of 29 subjects, correlating directly with CD4 cell count (P =.002) and inversely with plasma HIV-1 RNA level (P =.034), By multivariate analysis, CD4 cell count was a stronger predictor of antibody response than was plasma HIV-1 RNA level. We conclude that increases in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels following influenza vaccination are rare and transient and that antibody response is impaired with CD4 cell counts of <100/mL and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels of > 100,000 copies/mL, Prospective trials are needed to evaluate the impact of highly active therapy on immune response after vaccination. C1 Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Clin AIDS Program, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Serv Sect, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiron Corp, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Fuller, JD (reprint author), Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Clin AIDS Program, Dowling 3,1 Boston Med Ctr Pl, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 35 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1086/515170 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 175RZ UT WOS:000079110000019 PM 10194075 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Valdez, R Casper, ML Rith-Najarian, S Croft, JB AF Greenlund, KJ Valdez, R Casper, ML Rith-Najarian, S Croft, JB TI Prevalence and correlates of the insulin resistance syndrome among Native Americans - The Inter-Tribal Heart Project SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PIMA-INDIANS; SYNDROME-X; HYPERINSULINEMIA; OBESITY; HYPERTENSION AB OBJECTIVE - The clustering of factors characterizing the insulin resistance syndrome has not been assessed among Native Americans, a population at high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We examined the distribution and correlates of the insulin resistance syndrome among individuals in three Chippewa and Menominee communities in Wisconsin and Minnesota. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Cross-sectional data from 488 men and 822 women ages greater than or equal to 25 years in the Inter-Tribal Heart Project (1992-1994) were included. The clustering of each individual trait (hypertension, diabetes, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol) with the other traits and the association of the number of traits with measures of adiposity and insulin levels were examined. RESULTS - Among the men, 40.4, 32.6, 17.4, and 9.6% had none, one, two, or at least three of the four traits, respectively, among the women, the respective percentages were 53.2, 25.6, 15.3, and 6.0%. The percentage of individuals with each particular trait significantly increased (P < 0.01) among those with none, one, or at least two other syndrome traits. Having more syndrome traits was significantly related (P < 0.001) to higher BMI, conicity index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratios. Among individuals with normal glucose levels, having more syndrome traits was significantly related (P less than or equal to 0.05) to higher fasting insulin levels after adjusting for age and measures of adiposity, although associations were attenuated with adjustment for either BMI or waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS - Traits characterizing the insulin resistance syndrome were found to be clustered to a significant degree among Native Americans in this study Comprehensive public health efforts are needed to reduce adverse levels of these risk factors in this high-risk population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Indiana Hlth Serv, Bemidji Area Off, Bemidji, MN USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM keg9@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 3 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.2337/diacare.22.3.441 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 170LD UT WOS:000078806400014 PM 10097926 ER PT J AU Safran, MA Vinicor, F AF Safran, MA Vinicor, F TI The war against diabetes - How will we know if we are winning? SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION; POPULATION; INTERVENTIONS; OUTCOMES; INSULIN; DISEASE; ADULTS; CARE; END AB Diabetes affects nearly 16 million Americans and often causes severe complications and premature death. The economic cost of diabetes alone approaches $100 billion annually. We discuss the national war against diabetes and review and analyze systems for measuring progress in this war, ii framework for making use of these systems is proposed along with an answer to the question: How will we know if we are winning?. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Safran, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Mail Stop K-10,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 1999 VL 22 IS 3 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.2337/diacare.22.3.508 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 170LD UT WOS:000078806400025 PM 10097937 ER PT J AU Martins-Filho, OA Cunha-Melo, JR Lambertucci, JR Silveira, AMS Colley, DG Gazzinelli, G Correa-Oliveira, R AF Martins-Filho, OA Cunha-Melo, JR Lambertucci, JR Silveira, AMS Colley, DG Gazzinelli, G Correa-Oliveira, R TI Clinical forms of human Schistosoma mansoni infection are associated with differential activation of T-cell subsets and costimulatory molecules SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE schistosomiasis; clinical forms; T-cell subsets ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GRANULOMATOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY; HEPATOSPLENIC DISEASE; LYMPHOCYTES-T; EGG ANTIGENS; CD28; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES; APOPTOSIS; CYTOKINES AB The current study has compared the activation status and the expression of the CD28 molecule on circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes from patients with different clinical forms of schistosomiasis. The data show that patients with acute schistosomiasis have an increase on the mean percentage of CD4(+)HLA-DR+ cells, whereas chronic asymptomatic patients exhibit an increased mean percentage of CD8(+)HLA-DR+ cells. Patients with the hepatosplenic disease showed an increase in both CD4(+)HLA-DR+ and CD8(+)HLA-DR+ cells. Despite the high levels of CD8(+)HLA-DR+ cells in hepatosplenic patients, they presented a decreased ratio of CD8(+)CD28(+)/CD8(+) cells. These findings of a different percentage of circulating CD8(+)CD28(+) cells might explain the different in vitro cellular reactivity of asymptomatic and hepatosplenic patients and the defects in the cytokine secretion patterns reported in individuals with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. C1 Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. UFMG, GENCAD HC, Fac Med & Serv, Dept Cirurgia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. US Dept HHS, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,PHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Correa-Oliveira, R (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Av Augusto Lima 1715, BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RI Cunha-Melo, Jose Renan/C-6262-2013 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 44 IS 3 BP 570 EP 577 DI 10.1023/A:1026613625391 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 175GP UT WOS:000079085300020 PM 10080152 ER PT J AU Guarda, JA Asayag, CR Witzig, R AF Guarda, JA Asayag, CR Witzig, R TI Malaria reemergence in the Peruvian Amazon region SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Epidemic malaria has rapidly emerged in Loreto Department, in the Peruvian Amazon region. Peru reports the second highest number of malaria cases in South America (after Brazil), most from Loreto. From 1992 to 1997, malaria increased 50-fold in Loreto but only fourfold in Peru. Plasmodium falciparum infection, which has increased at a faster rate than P. vivax infection in the last 3 years, became the dominant Plasmodium infection in the highest transmission areas in the 1997 rainy season. The vector Anopheles darlingi has also increased during this epidemic in Loreto. Moreover, chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine drug-resistant P. falciparum strains have emerged, which require development of efficacious focal drug treatment schemes. C1 Loreto Dept Publ Hlth, Iquitos, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guarda, JA (reprint author), Minist Salud, Oficina Gen Epidemiol, Avenida Camilo Carrillo 402, Lima 11, Peru. NR 20 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186NH UT WOS:000079735500004 ER PT J AU Facklam, R Beall, B Efstratiou, A Fischetti, V Johnson, D Kaplan, E Kriz, P Lovgren, M Martin, D Schwartz, B Totolian, A Bressen, D Hollingshead, S Rubin, F Scott, J Tyrrell, G AF Facklam, R Beall, B Efstratiou, A Fischetti, V Johnson, D Kaplan, E Kriz, P Lovgren, M Martin, D Schwartz, B Totolian, A Bressen, D Hollingshead, S Rubin, F Scott, J Tyrrell, G TI emm typing and validation of provisional M types for group A streptococci SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; GENE-SEQUENCES; PYOGENES; DIVERSITY; PROTEINS AB This report discusses the following issues related to typing of group A streptococci (GAS): The development and use of the 5' emm variable region sequencing (emm typing) in relation to the existing serologic typing system; the designation of emm types in relation to M types; a system for validation of new emm types; criteria for validation of provisional M types to new M-types; a list of reference type cultures for each of the M-type or emm-type strains of GAS; the results of the first culture exchange program for a quality control testing system among the national and World Health Organization collaborating centers for streptococci; and dissemination of new approaches to typing of GAS to the international streptococcal community. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. ESR, Communicable Dis Grp, Porirua, New Zealand. Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg P 22, Russia. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Facklam, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Totolian, Artem/J-4218-2014; Krizova, Pavla/M-6120-2015 OI Totolian, Artem/0000-0002-3310-9294; NR 19 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186NH UT WOS:000079735500009 PM 10221877 ER PT J AU Gensheimer, KF Fukuda, K Brammer, L Cox, N Patriarca, PA Strikas, RA AF Gensheimer, KF Fukuda, K Brammer, L Cox, N Patriarca, PA Strikas, RA TI Preparing for pandemic influenza: The need for enhanced surveillance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Maine Bureau Hlth, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Gensheimer, KF (reprint author), Maine Bureau Hlth, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. NR 2 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2 BP 297 EP 299 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186NH UT WOS:000079735500019 PM 10221887 ER PT J AU David, D Rupprecht, CE Smith, J Samina, I Perl, S Stram, Y AF David, D Rupprecht, CE Smith, J Samina, I Perl, S Stram, Y TI Human rabies in Israel SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Kimron Vet Inst, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP David, D (reprint author), Kimron Vet Inst, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2 BP 306 EP 308 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 186NH UT WOS:000079735500027 PM 10221893 ER PT J AU Snawder, JE Edwards, RM Conover, DL Lotz, WG AF Snawder, JE Edwards, RM Conover, DL Lotz, WG TI Effect of magnetic field exposure on anchorage-independent growth of a promoter-sensitive mouse epidermal cell line (JB6) SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cancer promotion; JB6 cell proliferation; low frequency magnetic fields ID CANCER AB The anchorage-independent growth of mouse epidermal cells (JB6) exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields (MF) was investigated, promotion-responsive JB6 cells were suspended in agar (10(4) cells/plate) and exposed continuously to 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz magnetic fields for 10-14 days, with or without concurrent treatment with the tumor promoter tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). Exposures to MF were conducted in a manner such that the experimenter was blind to the treatment group of the cells. At the end of the exposure period, the anchorage-independent growth of JB6 cells on soft agar was examined by counting the number of colonies larger than 60 mu m (minimum of 60 cells). The use of a combined treatment of the cells with both MF and TPA was to provide an internal positive control to estimate the success of the assay and to allow evaluation of co-promotion. Statistical analysis was performed by a randomized block design analysis of variance to examine both the effect of TPA treatment (alone and in combination with MF exposure) and the effect of intra-assay variability. Transformation frequency of JB6 cells displayed a dose-dependent response to increasing concentrations of TPA. Coexposure of cells to both TPA and 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz MF did not result in any differences in transformation frequency for any TPA concentrations tested (0-1 ng/ml). These data indicate that exposure to a 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz MF does not act as a promoter or co-promoter in promotion-sensitive JB6 cell anchorage-independent growth. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Snawder, JE (reprint author), NIOSH, Taft Labs, MS-C23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 107 IS 3 BP 195 EP 198 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 179UJ UT WOS:000079347600021 PM 10064548 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA AF Hahn, RA TI Why race is differentially classified on US birth and infant death certificates: An examination of two hypotheses SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE race; ethnicity; death certificates; infants; birth certificates; classification ID UNITED-STATES AB Among U.S. infants who die within a year of birth, classification of race on birth and death certificates may differ. I investigate two hypotheses: (1) The race of infants of different-race parents is more likely to be differentially classified at birth and death than the race of infants of same-race parents. (2) States with a greater proportion of infant deaths of a given race are less likely to differentially classify infants of that race on birth and death certificates than states with a smaller proportion of infant deaths of that race. Using the Linked Birth/Infant Death data tape for 1983-1985, I assessed the first hypothesis by comparing rates of differential classification for infants with different race parents and same-race parents. To assess the second hypothesis, I examined the correlations between the proportion of infant deaths of each race in each state and the proportion of infants of that race consistently classified. Differential racial classification on birth and death certificates was more than 31 times as likely with different-race than with same-race parents. The second hypothesis was confirmed for white, black, American Indian, and Japanese infants. As the US. population becomes more heterogeneous, attention to these methodologic issues becomes increasingly critical for the measurement and redress of differential racial health status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), 5211 Elsmere Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1097/00001648-199903000-00004 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 169KC UT WOS:000078746100004 PM 10069243 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Savitz, DA Weinberg, CR Arbuckle, TE AF Curtis, KM Savitz, DA Weinberg, CR Arbuckle, TE TI The effect of pesticide exposure on time to pregnancy SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; fertility; fecundity; infertility; pesticides; pregnancy; reproduction; parental exposures ID FECUNDABILITY; WOMEN AB The Ontario Farm Family Health Study Provided data for examination of the effects of Pesticide exposure on time to pregnancy. In this retrospective cohort study of farm couples in Ontario, Canada, the farm operator, husband. and wife completed. questionnaires juring 1991-1992. We asked about pesticides used on the farm and pesticide activities of the husband and wife for each month of trying to conceive. After exclusions, 2,012 planned Pregnancies remained fur analysis. We used an analog of the Cox proportional hazards model to calculate conditional fecundability ratios (conditional on pregnancy). There was no strong or consistent pattern of associations of pesticide exposure with time to pregnancy. During exposure intervals in which women participated in pesticide activities (during most of which thr men also participated), however, 6 of 13 pesticide exposure categories were associated with a decrease in fecundability (conditional fecundability ratio range = 0.51-0.80). For exposure intervals in which only the men participated in pesticide activities or in which neither men nor women participated in pesticide activities but pesticides had been used on the farm, conditional fecundability ratios ranged from 0.75 to 1.50, with no apparent consistency among pesticide classes, chemical families, or active ingredients. C1 Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Hlth Canada, Bur Reprod & Child Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, MS K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32-ES07018, R01 ES05502] NR 13 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1097/00001648-199903000-00005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 169KC UT WOS:000078746100005 PM 10069244 ER PT J AU de la Paz, MP Philen, RM Schurz, H Hill, RH Ribota, OG de la Camara, AG Kilbourne, EM Abaitua, I AF de la Paz, MP Philen, RM Schurz, H Hill, RH Ribota, OG de la Camara, AG Kilbourne, EM Abaitua, I TI Epidemiologic evidence for a new class of compounds associated with toxic oil syndrome SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxic oil syndrome; rapeseed oil; 1,2-di-oleyl ester of 3-(N-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol ID 3-PHENYLAMINO-1,2-PROPANEDIOL; ANILINE; ESTER; SPAIN AB Toxic oil syndrome appeared in epidemic form in Spain in 1981. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that illness was caused by consumption of rapeseed oil that had been denatured with aniline. Chemical analyses of oil specimens conducted in conjunction with epidemiologic studies have established that consumption of specific oils containing fatty acid anilide contaminants was associated with increased risk for disease. New chemical analytic methods identified a family of compounds, the di-fatty acid esters of phenylamino propane diol, and one of these compounds, the 1,2 di-oleyl ester of 3-(N-phenylamino)-1,2-propanediol (DPAP), has been found to be more strongly associated with disease status than the fatty acid anilides. We found the odds ratio for exposure to DPAP (OR = 26.4, 95% CI 6.4-76.3) is much higher than the odds ratio for exposure to oleyl anilide (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.2-7.8), implying that exposure to DPAP was a more relevant risk factor for development of toxic oil syndrome than exposure to oleyl anilide. In this paper, we review and present analyses of data from multiple studies of the possible etiologic role of DPAP in toxic oil syndrome. The presence of DPAP in oil collected from affected and unaffected households was a more specific correlate of case relatedness than was the presence of fatty acid anilides, and it was equally sensitive. Moreover, DPAP was found in oil from the only refinery whose oil was clearly associated with illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects F46, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Sanidad & Consumo, Ctr Invest Sindrome Aceite Toxico, Subdirecc Gen Epidemiol & Informac Sanit, Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. RP Philen, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects F46, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Posada, Manuel/0000-0002-8372-4180 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1097/00001648-199903000-00008 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 169KC UT WOS:000078746100008 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS AF Schieve, LA Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS TI Maternal weight gain and preterm delivery: Differential effects by body mass index SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; preterm; weight gain; body mass index ID SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PREGNANCY; NUTRITION; POPULATION; GESTATION; PATTERNS; VALIDITY; HEIGHT AB We examined associations between weight gain (kg) per week of pregnancy and net weight gain per week of pregnancy (weight gain - birth weight/weeks of gestation at delivery) and preterm delivery in a population of 266,172 low-income women. Risk of preterm delivery was lowest among women with intermediate weight gain (0.35 to <0.46 kg/week) and net weight gain (0.27 to <0.37 kg/week). Both lower and higher weight gains and net weight gains per week were associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery. Associations, however, were not uniform across body mass index categories. Compared with women gaining 0.35 to <0.46 kg/week, preterm risk differences (95% confidence limits) for women gaining <0.10 kg/week were +9.5% (+6.5, +12.4) for underweight women, +6.7% (+5.6, +7.9) for average-weight women, +3.5% (+2.0, +4.9) for overweight women, and +0.4% (-0.4, +1.2) for obese women. The opposite pattern was observed with high weight gain. Preterm risk differences for weight gains >0.65 kg/week ranged from +0.8% (-0.7, +2.1) for underweight women, to +2.5% (+1.3, +3.9) for obese women. We also evaluated weight gain per week in the latter part of pregnancy (from week 14 to delivery). The same basic patterns were observed; however, variation in the associations across body mass index groups was not as marked. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), CDC, DRH, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1097/00001648-199903000-00010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 169KC UT WOS:000078746100010 PM 10069249 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Sun, FZ Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Sun, FZ Flanders, WD TI Case only design to measure gene-gene interaction SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case only design; epidemiologic methods; gene-gene interaction; genes; study design ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CASE-ONLY DESIGNS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; RISK FACTOR; MODELS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; SAMPLE AB The case-only design is an efficient and valid approach to screening for gene-environment interaction under the assumption of the independence between exposure and genotype in the population. In this paper, we show that the case-only design is also a valid and efficient approach to measuring gene-gene interaction under the assumption that the frequencies of genes are independent in the population. Just as the case only design requires fewer cases than the case-control design to measure gene environment interaction, it also requires fewer cases to measure gene-gene interactions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Sun, Fengzhu /G-4373-2010 NR 29 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1097/00001648-199903000-00014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 169KC UT WOS:000078746100014 PM 10069253 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JA Williams, MA Weiss, NS AF Shapiro, JA Williams, MA Weiss, NS TI Body mass index and risk of renal cell carcinoma SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carcinoma; renal cell; body mass index; body weight; obesity; case-control studies ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CANCER; OBESITY; HYPERTENSION; HORMONES; HEIGHT AB To examine the association between body mass index and renal cell carcinoma risk, we analyzed data from a case-control study of members of a health maintenance organization in western Washington State. We identified cases diagnosed between 1980 and 1995 through a population-based cancer registry. We selected controls from membership files. We collected adult weight and height from medical records. Increased body mass index was associated with increases in risk for both men and women (for the top quartile relative to the bottom quartile of maximum body mass index: in women, OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.2-8.7; in men, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2-4.5). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NOCDPHP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shapiro, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NOCDPHP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-05230, R01-CA64158, R35-CA39779] NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.1097/00001648-199903000-00019 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 169KC UT WOS:000078746100019 PM 10069258 ER PT J AU Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR DeSimone, SG Perler, F Ingravallo, P AF Barnwell, JW Galinski, MR DeSimone, SG Perler, F Ingravallo, P TI Plasmodium vivax, P-cynomolgi, and P-knowlesi: Identification of homologue proteins associated with the surface of merozoites SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; Plasmodium cynomolgi; Plasmodium knowlesi; Plasmodium falciparum; malaria; simian malaria; merozoite; schizont; surface protein; membrane protein; erythrocyte invasion; palmitate; myristate; glucosamine ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; FALCIPARUM MEROZOITES; MALARIA PARASITE; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; VARIANT ANTIGEN; I AMA-1; GENE; CLONING; RECEPTOR AB We have identified a Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein (MSP) that migrates on SDS-polyacrylamide gels at a M-r of about 185 kDa. This protein was recognized by a P. vivax monoclonal antibody (mAb) that localizes the, protein by immunofluorescence to the surface of merozoites and also immunoprecipitates this protein from NP-40 detergent extracts of [S-35]methionine metabolically radiolabeled P. vivax schizonts. The P. vivax MSP does not become biosynthetically radiolabeled with [H-3]glucoamine, [H-3]myristate, [H-3]palmitate, or [H-3]mannose, indicating that this P. vivax MSP is hot posttranslationally modified and bound to the merozoite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPT) lipid anchor. Thus, in this respect, this protein is different from members of the MSP-1 protein family and from MSP-2 and MSP-4 of P. falciparum. The mAb cross-reacts with and outlines the surface of P. cynomolgi merozoites and immunoprecipitates a 150-kDa P. cynomolgi homologue. The mAb was used as an affinity reagent to purify the native homologous MSP ham NP-40 extracts of P. cynomolgi mature schizonts in order to develop a specific polyclonal antiserum. The resulting anti-PcyMSP rabbit antiserum cross-reacts strongly with the P. vivax 185-kDa MSP and also recognizes an analogous 110-kDa protein from P. knowlesi. We have determined via an immunodepletion experiment that the 110-kDa P. knowlesi NSP corresponds to the PK 110 protein partially characterized earlier (Perler et al. 1987). The potential of P, vivax MSP as a vaccine candidate was addressed by conducting in vitro inhibition of erythrocyte invasion assays, and the IgG fraction of both the P. vivax MSP mAb and the P. cynomolgi MSP rabbit antiserum significantly inhibited entry of P. vivax merozoites. We denote, on a preliminary basis, these antigenically related merozite surface proteins PvMSP-185, PcyMSP-150, and PkMSP-110. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, New York, NY 10010 USA. Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, BR-21040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. New England Biolabs Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F13,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI24710] NR 62 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 3 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1006/expr.1998.4372 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 179GF UT WOS:000079317400005 PM 10072326 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI Human Genome Epidemiology: Translating advances in human genetics into population-based data for medicine and public health SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANCER; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 1 IS 3 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 238HG UT WOS:000082704400002 PM 11336455 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Sherman, SL Hassold, TJ Allran, K Taft, L Pettay, D Khoury, MJ Erickson, JD Freeman, SB AF Yang, QH Sherman, SL Hassold, TJ Allran, K Taft, L Pettay, D Khoury, MJ Erickson, JD Freeman, SB TI Risk factors for trisomy 21: Maternal cigarette smoking and oral contraceptive use in a population based case control study SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cigarette smoking; oral contraceptives; Down syndrome; case-control study; trisomy 21; nondisjunction ID DOWNS-SYNDROME; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; MEIOTIC STAGE; NONDISJUNCTION; PREGNANCY; CHROMOSOME-21; CONFIGURATIONS; CONCEPTION; ESTROGEN; ORIGIN AB Purpose: We examined maternal smoking and oral contraceptive use as possible risk factors in the genesis of cases of trisomy 21 of maternal origin. This is the first epidemiological study to categorize cases of trisomy 21 by parent of origin and timing of the meiotic error before assessing possible risk factors. Methods: We used chromosome 21-specific DNA markers to assign origin to each case. Structured interviews were employed to determine maternal smoking and oral contraceptive use around conception. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for maternal smoking was significantly increased among younger mothers (OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.01-8.87), but only in a particular subset of meiotically-derived cases. The combined use of cigarettes and oral contraceptives increased the risk further (OR = 7.62; 95% CI = 1.63-35.6); however, oral contraceptive use alone was not a significant risk factor. Conclusion: Our results indicate that categorizing cases of trisomy 21 by parent and timing of the meiotic error allows more precision in identifying risk factors and may shed light on mechanisms of meiotic nondisjunction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC,Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC,Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Human Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. CDC, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC,Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD92907, P01 HD32111] NR 47 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 1 IS 3 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 238HG UT WOS:000082704400004 PM 11336457 ER PT J AU Ing, PS Van Dyke, DL Caudill, SP Reidy, JA Bice, G Bieber, FR Buchanan, PD Carroll, AJ Cheung, SW DeWald, G Donahue, RP Gardner, HA Higgins, J Hsu, LYF Jamehdor, M Keitges, EA Laundon, CH Luthardt, FW Mascarello, J May, KM Meck, JM Morton, C Patil, S Peakman, D Pettenati, MJ Rao, N Sanger, WG Saxe, DF Schwartz, S Sekhon, GS Vance, GH Wyandt, HE Yu, CW Zenger-Hain, J Chen, ATL AF Ing, PS Van Dyke, DL Caudill, SP Reidy, JA Bice, G Bieber, FR Buchanan, PD Carroll, AJ Cheung, SW DeWald, G Donahue, RP Gardner, HA Higgins, J Hsu, LYF Jamehdor, M Keitges, EA Laundon, CH Luthardt, FW Mascarello, J May, KM Meck, JM Morton, C Patil, S Peakman, D Pettenati, MJ Rao, N Sanger, WG Saxe, DF Schwartz, S Sekhon, GS Vance, GH Wyandt, HE Yu, CW Zenger-Hain, J Chen, ATL TI Detection of Mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures: A CYTO2000 collaborative study SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE prenatal diagnosis; cytogenetics; chromosomal mosaicism; guidelines; binomial distribution ID CHROMOSOMAL MOSAICISM; PSEUDOMOSAICISM; EXCLUSION; DIAGNOSIS AB Purpose: To evaluate the assumptions on which the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) Standards and Guidelines for detecting mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures are based. Methods: Data from 653 cases of amniotic fluid mosaicism were collected from 26 laboratories. A chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to compare the observed number of mosaic cases with the expected number based on binomial distribution theory. Results: Comparison of observed data from the in situ colony cases with the expected distribution of cases detected based on the binomial distribution did not reveal a significant difference (P = 0.525). Conclusions: The empirical data fit the binomial distribution. Therefore, binomial theory can be used as an initial discussion point for determining whether ACMG Standards and Guidelines are adequate for detecting mosaicism. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Boys Town Natl Res Hosp, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. GeneCare Med Genet Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Labs Genet Serv Inc, Houston, TX USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Oshawa Gen Hosp, Oshawa, ON, Canada. Butterworth Hosp, Grand Rapids, MI USA. Prenatal Diag Labs New York City, New York, NY USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Dynacare, Seattle, WA USA. Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. PC, Reprod Genet Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Oakwood Hosp, Dearborn, MI USA. RP Chen, ATL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-F20,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 1 IS 3 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 238HG UT WOS:000082704400006 PM 11336459 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Ozick, L McCord, C Nainan, OV Workman, S Comer, G Lee, TP Byun, KS Patel, D Henning, KJ AF Frieden, TR Ozick, L McCord, C Nainan, OV Workman, S Comer, G Lee, TP Byun, KS Patel, D Henning, KJ TI Chronic liver disease in central Harlem: The role of alcohol and viral hepatitis SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; BLOOD-DONORS; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; ASSOCIATION; CIRRHOSIS; SEVERITY AB For reasons not yet determined, chronic liver disease (CLD) has been a leading cause of excess morbidity and mortality in central Harlem. We conducted a case series and case-control analysis of demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and alcohol-intake-related information from patients with CLD and age- and sex-matched hospitalized control patients. Patients' sera were tested for markers of viral hepatitis. The presumed etiology of CLD among case-patients was as follows: both alcohol abuse and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 24 persons (46% of case-patients); alcohol abuse alone, 15 (29%); HCV infection alone, 6 (12%); both alcohol abuse and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 3 (6%); and 1 each (2%) from: 1) schistosomiasis, 2) sarcoidosis, 3) unknown causes, and 4) alcohol abuse, chronic HBV, and HCV combined. In the case-control analysis, patients who had both alcoholism and either HBV (odds ratio [OR]: 6.3; 95% CI: 0.5-334) or HCV (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.3-6.2) were at increased risk for CLD, whereas patients who had only one of these three factors were not at increased risk for CLD. Patients who tested positive for the hepatitis G virus (HGV) did not have a significantly increased risk of CLD, and neither severity of CLD nor mortality was greater among these patients. Most patients in central Harlem who had CLD had liver damage from a combination of alcohol abuse and chronic viral hepatitis. Alcohol and hepatitis viruses appear to be synergistically hepatotoxic; this synergy appears to explain both the high rate of CLD in central Harlem and the recent reductions in this rate. Persons at risk for chronic HBV and HCV infection should be counseled about their increased risk of CLD if they consume excessive alcohol. Morbidity and mortality from liver disease could be decreased further by a reduction in alcohol consumption among persons who have chronic HBV and HCV infection, avoidance of needle sharing, and hepatitis B vaccination. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Harlem Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. Harlem Hosp Ctr, Dept Surg, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Harlem Hosp Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), US Dept State, US Embassy, Sci Off, Washington, DC 20521 USA. FU PHS HHS [R4B/CCR205055-1] NR 44 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 883 EP 888 DI 10.1002/hep.510290308 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 172FB UT WOS:000078911700036 PM 10051493 ER PT J AU Lyerla, R Kellerman, S Alter, MJ AF Lyerla, R Kellerman, S Alter, MJ TI Hepatitis B and hemodialysis: The impact of universal precautions in preventing the transmission of bloodborne viruses SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lyerla, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 156 EP 156 DI 10.1086/503087 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 176CB UT WOS:000079132400001 PM 10100536 ER PT J AU Garrett, DO Jochimsen, E Murfitt, K Hill, B McAllister, S Nelson, P Spera, RV Sall, RK Tenover, FC Johnston, J Zimmer, B Jarvis, WR AF Garrett, DO Jochimsen, E Murfitt, K Hill, B McAllister, S Nelson, P Spera, RV Sall, RK Tenover, FC Johnston, J Zimmer, B Jarvis, WR TI The emergence of decreased susceptibility to vancomycin in Staphylococcus epidermidis SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; BACTEREMIA; HAEMOLYTICUS; TEICOPLANIN; INFECTIONS AB BACKGROUND: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the major cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection. Emergence of vancomycin resistance among CNS is a serious public health concern, because CNS usually are multidrug-resistant, and glycopeptide antibiotics, among which only vancomycin is available in the United States, are the only remaining effective therapy. In this report, we describe the first bloodstream infection in the United States associated with a Staphylococcus epidermidis strain with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. METHODS: We reviewed the hospital's microbiology records for all CNS strains, reviewed the patient's medical and laboratory records, and obtained all available CNS isolates with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. Blood cultures were processed and CNS isolates identified by using standard methods; antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk-diffusion methods. Nares cultures were obtained from exposed healthcare workers (HCWs) to identify possible colonization by CNS with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. RESULTS: The bloodstream infection by an S epidermidis strain with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin occurred in a 49-year-old woman with carcinoma. She had two blood cultures positive for CNS; both isolates were S epidermidis. Although susceptible to vancomycin by the disk-diffusion method (16-17 mm), the isolates were intermediate by MIC (8-6 mu g/mL). The patient had received an extended course of vancomycin therapy; she died of her underlying disease. No HCW was colonized by CNS with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report in the United States of bloodstream infection due to S epidermidis with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. Contact precautions likely played a role in preventing nosocomial transmission of this strain, and disk-diffusion methods may be inadequate to detect CNS with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Infect Dis Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. Dade MicroScan Inc, W Sacramento, CA USA. RP Garrett, DO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop E69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1086/501605 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 176CB UT WOS:000079132400007 PM 10100541 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Satake, S Rimland, D Carson, L Miller, ER Killum, E Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Arduino, MJ Tenover, FC Marston, B Jarvis, WR AF Tokars, JI Satake, S Rimland, D Carson, L Miller, ER Killum, E Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Arduino, MJ Tenover, FC Marston, B Jarvis, WR TI The prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus at a veterans' affairs institution SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARE UNIT; FAECIUM; INFECTION; SEVERITY; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To study vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) prevalence, risk factors, and clustering among hospital inpatients. DESIGN: Rectal-swab prevalence culture survey conducted from February 5 to March 22, 1996. SETTING: The Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia. PATIENTS: Hospital (medical and surgical) inpatients. RESULTS: The overall VRE prevalence was 29% (42/147 patients). The VRE prevalence was 52% (38/73 patients) among patients who had received at least one of six specific antimicrobials during the preceding 120 days, compared with only 5% (4/74) among those who had not received the antimicrobials (relative risk, 9.6; P<.001). The longer the period (up to 120 days) during which antimicrobial use was studied, the more closely VRE status was predicted. Among 67 hospital patients in 28 multibed rooms, clustering of VRE among current roommates was not found. CONCLUSIONS: At this hospital with relatively high VRE prevalence, VRE: colonization was related to antibiotic use but not to roommate VRE, status. In hospitals with a similar VRE epidemiology, obtaining cultures from roommates of VRE-positive patients may not be as efficient a strategy for identifying VRE-colonized patients as obtaining screening cultures from patients who have received antimicrobials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 21 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1086/501606 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 176CB UT WOS:000079132400008 PM 10100542 ER PT J AU Armstrong, LR Dembry, LM Rainey, PM Russi, MB Khan, AS Fischer, SH Edberg, SC Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Peters, CJ AF Armstrong, LR Dembry, LM Rainey, PM Russi, MB Khan, AS Fischer, SH Edberg, SC Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Peters, CJ TI Management of a Sabia virus-infected patient in a US hospital SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASSA FEVER; NIGERIA AB OBJECTIVE: To describe the hospital precautions used to isolate a Sabia virus (arenavirus: Arenaviridae)-infected patient in a US hospital and to protect hospital staff and visitors. DESIGN: Investigation of a single case of arenavirus laboratory-acquired infection and associated case-contacts. SETTING: A 900-bed, tertiary-care, university-affiliated medical center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: The. case-patient became ill with Sabia Virus infection. The case-contacts consisted of healthcare workers, coworkers, friends, and relatives of the case-patient. INTERVENTION: Enhanced isolation precautions for treatment of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) patient were implemented in the clinical laboratory and patient-care setting to prevent nosocomial transmission. The enhanced precautions included preventing aerosol spread of the virus from the patient or his clinical specimens. All case-contacts were tested for Sabia Virus antibodies and monitored for signs and symptoms of early disease. RESULTS: No cases of secondary infection occurred among 142 case-contacts. CONCLUSIONS: With the frequency of worldwide travel, patients with VHF can be admitted to a local hospital at any time in the United States. The use of enhanced isolation precautions for VHF appeared to be effective in preventing secondary cases by limiting the number of contacts and promoting proper handling of laboratory specimens. Patients with VHF can be managed safely in a local hospital setting, provided that appropriate precautions are planned and implemented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Infect Control, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Occupat & Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale New Haven Hosp, Occupat Hlth Serv, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. NIH, Dept Clin Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1086/501607 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 176CB UT WOS:000079132400009 PM 10100543 ER PT J AU Kramer, MH Mangram, AJ Pearson, ML Jarvis, WR AF Kramer, MH Mangram, AJ Pearson, ML Jarvis, WR TI Surgical-site complications associated with a morphine nerve paste used for postoperative pain control after laminectomy SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUMBAR DISKECTOMY; EPIDURAL MORPHINE; SURGERY; GRANULOMAS; COLLAGEN; AVITENE AB OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors that might explain a sudden increase in the rate of surgical-site complications following laminectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND SETTING: Patients who underwent laminectomy at a 120-bed hospital from August 1 through October 15, 1996 (the epidemic period). A case-patient was defined as a patient with postoperative surgical-site complications (surgical-site drainage, edema, or swelling) requiring surgical debridement. RESULTS: Of the 148 patients who underwent a laminectomy during the epidemic period, 17 (11%) met our case definition. The rate of postoperative surgical debridement was 7.6-fold higher during the epidemic period than the preceding 19-month period (17/148 vs 15/995, P<.001). Development of surgical-site complications was associated with intraoperative receipt of morphine nerve paste (relative risk [RR], 11; P<.001), preoperative shaving by nurses rather than surgeons (RR, 6.6; P=.006), procedures done by a certain surgeon (RR 3.1; P=.022), or receipt of iodine rather than povidone-iodine for preoperative skin antisepsis (RR 5.1; P=.002). In multivariate analysis, only receipt of morphine nerve paste remained as a risk factor (RR, 18; P=.011). The paste was used to control postoperative pain and was applied directly to exposed dura and surrounding tissues. At the time of surgical debridement (median, 24 days postsurgery), the original surgical sites showed residual paste and a lack of healing. Ten of 16 cultures from surgical sites were positive; all but three grew skin commensals. Histological examination of surgical specimens showed a foreign-body reaction, but no marked acute inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: The intraoperative use of morphine nerve paste may delay wound healing and increase postoperative morbidity. When new products are introduced, standardized protocols should be developed for their use, and systematic surveillance should be done to monitor for potential adverse outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pearson, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1086/501608 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 176CB UT WOS:000079132400010 PM 10100544 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Gold, BD Swerdlow, DL AF Dworkin, MS Gold, BD Swerdlow, DL TI Helicobacter pylori: Review of clinical and public health aspects for the practitioner SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Review ID PEPTIC-ULCER DISEASE; LYMPHOID-TISSUE TYPE; UREA BREATH TEST; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; GASTRIC LYMPHOMA; DUODENAL-ULCER; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; ERADICATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 107 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 3 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 169KH UT WOS:000078746600010 ER PT J AU Troiano, RP Flegal, KM AF Troiano, RP Flegal, KM TI Overweight prevalence among youth in the United States: Why so many different numbers? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence - Assessment, Prevention and Treatment CY MAY, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Sch Public Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Public Hlth Nutrit & Nutrit Coordinationg Ctr, Consortium Maternal & Child Hlth Bureau Title V Training Programs, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, US Dept HHS DE body weight; body mass index; health surveys; nutrition assessment; child; adolescence; NHANES; reference values ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; HEALTH; PERCENTILES; CHILDHOOD; FATNESS; AGE; RELIABILITY AB Several recent publications have presented different estimates for the prevalence of overweight among youth in the United States. Prevalence estimates range from 11-24%, despite describing the same results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). This paper discusses the variety and evolution of different overweight prevalence estimates. Issues of definition, measurements, criteria selection and comparison groups are considered and implications for estimates of the prevalence of overweight among youth are explored. Reference percentiles for body mass index (BMI) from several publications are compared, The differences in published estimates from NHANES III are noted and explained. C1 NCI, DCCPS, ARB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Troiano, RP (reprint author), NCI, DCCPS, ARB, NIH, Execut Plaza N,Rm 313,6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7344, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 51 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 23 SU 2 BP S22 EP S27 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 185GG UT WOS:000079659300005 PM 10340801 ER PT J AU Somi, GR O'Brien, RJ Mfinanga, GS Ipuge, YA AF Somi, GR O'Brien, RJ Mfinanga, GS Ipuge, YA TI Evaluation of the MycoDot (TM) test in patients with suspected tuberculosis in a field setting in Tanzania SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; diagnosis; HIV; serology ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HUMORAL RESPONSE; LIPOARABINOMANNAN; SERODIAGNOSIS AB SETTING: Rapid, simple and inexpensive methods are needed to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis in low-income countries. The MycoDotT(TM) test has these characteristics. OBJECTIVE: TO assess the utility of the MycoDot(TM) test in screening patients with suspected tuberculosis. DESIGN: Ambulatory patients presenting with symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis were evaluated by physical examination and sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy. Separately, the MycoDot(TM) test was performed on whole blood. Patients with AFB-negative smears were treated with a 10-day course of erythromycin, Those remaining symptomatic had a chest radiograph. All sputum specimens were cultured for mycobacteria. Patients with culture-negative tuberculosis and those without a tuberculosis diagnosis were reassessed at 2 months. RESULTS: Among the 241 patients who were evaluated, the MycoDot(TM) test was positive in 26% of patients with AFB-positive/culture-positive tuberculosis, 7% with AFB-negative/culture-positive tuberculosis, 7% with culture-negative tuberculosis, 19% treated for tuberculosis who did not meet study case definitions, and 16% without tuberculosis. Twenty four patients did not complete the assessment. Test sensitivity was 16%, specificity 84% and positive predictive value 45%, Sensitivity was highest (41%) in AFB-positive/HIV-negative patients and lowest (3 %) in AFB-negative/HIV-positive patients. CONCLUSION: The MycoDot(TM) test is not useful for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in sub-Saharan African countries, especially where HIV infection is prevalent. C1 Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. WHO, Global TB Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. Natl TB & Leprosy Programme, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP O'Brien, RJ (reprint author), CDC, Res & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 3 IS 3 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 171TE UT WOS:000078879500011 PM 10094325 ER PT J AU Klein, RS Sobel, J Flanigan, F Smith, D Margolick, JB AF Klein, RS Sobel, J Flanigan, F Smith, D Margolick, JB CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Stability of cutaneous anergy in women with or at risk for HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellular immunity; cutaneous anergy; delayed-type hypersensitivity; women ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; SKIN-TEST ANERGY; TUBERCULIN; PROGRESSION; RELIABILITY AB Objective: To study the stability of cutaneous anergy in women with or at risk for HIV infection. Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study. Methods: Interviews, CD4(+) lymphocyte counts, and intradermal skin testing with mumps, Candida, and tetanus toroid antigens were performed on two occasions at a median interval of 74 weeks in 436 HIV-seropositive and 252 seronegative at-risk women; only 10 (2%) HIV-seropositive women were caking highly active antiretroviral therapy at the lime of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing. Anergy was defined as induration <2 mm to all three antigens. Results: Skin test reactivity at repeat testing was seen in 202 of 233 (87%) HIV-seronegative women who were not anergic at baseline, compared with 10 (53%) of 19 seronegative women who were anergic at baseline (relative risk [RR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.5). Anergy at retesting was seen in 108 of 169 (64%) HIV-seropositive women who were previously anergic, compared with 77 of 267 (29%) who were not previously anergic (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.8-2.8). Among initially anergic seropositive women, CD4(+) lymphocyte counts were lower at both initial and follow-up testing in those who remained anergic than in those who reacted at follow-up (p < .001). The relative risks far anergy at retesting of initially anergic seropositive women, compared with initially reactive seropositive women, were related to CD4(+) level; 2.5 (95% CI, 1.4-4.3) for CD4(+) counts <200 cells/mm(3), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.5-1.7) for CD4(+) counts 200-500 cells/mm(3), and 1.6 (95% CI, 0.9-2.8) for CD4(+) counts >500 cells/mm(3). Conclusions: Although anergic HIV-seropositive women may become reactive, cutaneous anergy predicts a higher likelihood of anergy at retesting as well as lower CD4(+) counts. Stability of anergy is greatest in HIV-seropositive women with low CD4(+) counts. C1 Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Klein, RS (reprint author), Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802] NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 238 EP 244 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 175EP UT WOS:000079080400004 PM 10077171 ER PT J AU Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA Celentano, DD Nitayaphan, S Buapunth, P Triampon, A Morgan, PA Khamboonruang, C Suwanarach, C Yutabootr, Y Ruckphaopunt, S Suwankiti, S Tubtong, V Cheewawat, W McNeil, JG Michael, RA AF Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA Celentano, DD Nitayaphan, S Buapunth, P Triampon, A Morgan, PA Khamboonruang, C Suwanarach, C Yutabootr, Y Ruckphaopunt, S Suwankiti, S Tubtong, V Cheewawat, W McNeil, JG Michael, RA TI Evaluation of behavioral and social issues among Thai HIV vaccine trial volunteers SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccine trials; HIV sexual risk behavior; developing countries; Thailand ID NORTHERN THAILAND; PHASE-I; PARTICIPATE; INFECTION AB Behavioral and social issues were investigated in phase I/II preventive HIV vaccine trial volunteers in Thailand. These included risk behavior, HIV knowledge, distress, and social experiences associated with trial participation. Data were collected at baseline and at 4- and 8-month follow-up visits. Volunteers reported relatively low levels of risk behaviors at baseline and at the follow-up visits. About one fifth reported overtly negative reactions from family or friends. No problems with discrimination in employment, health care, or insurance were reported. Findings add to the evidence suggesting the feasibility of phase I/II prophylactic HIV vaccine trials with low-risk volunteers in Thailand. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Nursing, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. AFRIMS, Royal Thai Army Med Dept, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BIRBDHAP, 1600 clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAR 1 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 308 EP 314 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 175EP UT WOS:000079080400015 PM 10077182 ER PT J AU Moore, AV Kirk, SM Callister, SM Mazurek, GH Schell, RF AF Moore, AV Kirk, SM Callister, SM Mazurek, GH Schell, RF TI Safe determination of susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antimycobacterial agents by flow cytometry SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL METHODS; UNITED-STATES AB We showed previously that susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis labeled with fluorescein diacetate could be accomplished rapidly by using flow cytometry, However, safety was a major concern because mycobacteria were not killed prior to Bow cytometric analysis. In this study, we developed a biologically safe flow cytometric susceptibility test that depends on detection and enumeration of actively growing M, tuberculosis organisms in drug-free and antimycobacterial agent-containing medium. The susceptibilities of 17 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis to ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampin were tested by the agar proportion and flow cytometric methods. Subsequently, all flow cytometric susceptibility test samples were inactivated by exposure to paraformaldehyde before analysis with a flow cytometer. Agreement between the results from the two methods was 98%. In addition, the flow cytometric results were available 72 h after the initiation of testing. The flow cytometric susceptibility assay is safe, simple to perform, and more rapid than conventional test methods, such as the BACTEC system and the proportion method. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gundersen Lutheran Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. BioRad Labs, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schell, RF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, 465 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 479 EP 483 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500001 PM 9986799 ER PT J AU Steward, CD Stocker, SA Swenson, JM O'Hara, CM Edwards, JR Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Steward, CD Stocker, SA Swenson, JM O'Hara, CM Edwards, JR Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Comparison of agar dilution: Disk diffusion, MicroScan, and Vitek antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to broth microdilution for detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE NONFERMENTATIVE RODS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CIPROFLOXACIN; QUINOLONE; TROVAFLOXACIN; OFLOXACIN; MUTATIONS; AGENTS AB Fluoroquinolone resistance appears to be increasing in many species of bacteria, particularly in those causing nosocomial infections. However, the accuracy of some antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods fur detecting fluoroquinolone resistance remains uncertain. Therefore, wt compared the accuracy of the results of agar dilution, disk diffusion, MicroScan Walk Away Neg Combo 15 conventional panels, and Vitek GNS-F7 cards to the accuracy of the results of the broth microdilution reference method for detection of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin resistance in 195 clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae collected from six U.S, hospitals for a national surveillance project (Project ICARE [Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology]). For ciprofloxacin, very major error rates were 0% (disk diffusion and MicroScan), 0.9% (ag-ar dilution), and 2.7% (Vitek), while major error rates ranged from 0% (agar dilution) to 3.7% (MicroScan and Vitek). Minor error rates ranged from 12.3% (agar dilution) to 20.5% (MicroScan). For ofloxacin, no very major errors were observed. and major errors were noted only with MicroScan (3.7% major error rate). Minor error rates ranged from 8.2% (agar dilution) to 18.5% (Vitek), Minor errors for all methods Here substantially reduced when results with MICs within +/-1 dilution of the broth microdilution reference MIC were excluded from analysis. However, the high number of minor errors by all test systems remains a concern. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Steward, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cks7@cdc.gov RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 544 EP 547 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500011 PM 9986809 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Murphree, RL James, AM Sullivan, SA Johnson, BJB AF Gilmore, RD Murphree, RL James, AM Sullivan, SA Johnson, BJB TI The Borrelia burgdorferi 37-kilodalton immunoblot band (P37) used in serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease is the flaA gene product SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEATH PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB The 37-kDa protein (P37) of Borrelia burgdorferi is an antigen that elicits an early immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody response in Lyme disease patients, The P37 gene was cloned from a B, burgdorferi genomic library,by screening with antibody from a LJ me disease patient who had developed a prominent humoral response to the P37 antigen. DNA sequence analysis of this clone revealed the identity of P37 to be FlaA, an outer sheath protein of the periplasmic flagella. Recombinant P37 expression was accomplished in Escherichia coli by using a gene construct with the leader peptide deleted and fused to a 38-kDa E, coli protein. The recombinant antigen was reactive in IgM immunoblots using serum samples from patients clinically diagnosed with early Lyme disease that had been scored positive for B. burgdorferi anti-P37 reactivity. Lyme disease patient samples serologically negative for the B, burgdorferi P37 protein did not react with the recombinant. Recombinant P37 may be a useful component of a set of defined antigens for the serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease. This protein can be utilized as a marker in diagnostic immunoblots, aiding in the standardization of the present generation of IgM serologic tests. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 548 EP 552 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500012 PM 9986810 ER PT J AU Comer, JA Nicholson, WL Olson, JG Childs, JE AF Comer, JA Nicholson, WL Olson, JG Childs, JE TI Serologic testing for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis at a national referral center SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; CAUSATIVE AGENT; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; POTENTIAL VECTOR; UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE; IXODIDAE AB An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to identify patients with antibodies reactive to the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent, Serum samples collected from clinically ill individuals Here submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bg physicians via state health departments from throughout the United States and tested against a panel of ehrlichial and rickettsial pathogens. Antibodies reactive to the HGE agent were detected in 142 (8.9%) of 1,602 individuals tested. There Here 19 confirmed and 59 probable (n = 78) cases of HGE as defined by seroconversion or a fourfold or higher titer to the HGE agent than to the Ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens, The average age of patients with HGE Has 57 years, and males accounted for 53 (68%) of the patients. Cases of HGE occurred in 21 states; 47 (60%) of the cases occurred in Connecticut (n = 14), New York (n = 18), and Wisconsin (n = 15), Onset of HGE Has identified from,April through December, with cases peaking in June and July, The earliest confirmed cases of HGE occurred in 1987 in Wisconsin and 1988 in Florida. No fatalities Here reported among the 78 patients with confirmed or probable HGE. Reactivity to the HGE agent and to either Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia rickettsii, or Rickettsia typhi was infrequent; however, 74 (52%) of the 142 individuals who were positive for HGE had at least one serum sample that also reacted to the E. chaffeensis antigen. Thirty-four persons with confirmed or probable human monocytic ehrlichiosis due to E. chaffeensis also had antibodies to the HGE agent in at least one serum sample, The specific etiologic agent for 30 patients was not ascribed because of similarity of titers to both ehrlichial antigens, The use of both antigens may be required to correctly diagnose most cases of human ehrlichiosis, especially in geographic regions where both the HGE agent and E, chaffeensis occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Comer, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 50 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 558 EP 564 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500014 PM 9986812 ER PT J AU Newhall, WJ Johnson, RE DeLisle, S Fine, D Hadgu, A Matsuda, B Osmond, D Campbell, J Stamm, WE AF Newhall, WJ Johnson, RE DeLisle, S Fine, D Hadgu, A Matsuda, B Osmond, D Campbell, J Stamm, WE TI Head-to-head evaluation of five chlamydia tests relative to a quality-assured culture standard SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMEN QUALITY; GEN-PROBE PACE-2; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; CELL-CULTURE; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; CLEARVIEW CHLAMYDIA; DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; CERVICAL SPECIMENS AB Nucleic acid amplification tests offer superior sensitivity for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but many laboratories still use nonamplification methods because of the lower cost and ease of use, In spite of their availability for more than a decade, few studies have directly compared the nonamplification tests. Such comparisons are still needed in addition to studies that directly compare individual nonamplification and amplification tests. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance characteristics relative to culture of five different tests for the detection of C. trachomatis with and without confirmation of positive results. The tests were applied to endocervical specimens from 4,980 women attending family planning clinics in the northwestern United States, The five nonculture tests included Chlamydiazyme (Abbott), MicroTrak direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) (Syva), MicroTrak enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Syva), Pace 2 (Gen-Probe), and Pathfinder EIA (Sanofi/Kallestad), All positive results obtained with a nonculture test (except MicroTrak DFA) were confirmed by testing the original specimens with a blocking antibody test (Chlamydiazyme), a cytospin DFA (MicroTrak EIA and Pathfinder EIA), and a probe competition assay (Pace 2), The prevalence of culture-proven chlamydia was 3.9%. The sensitivities of the nonculture tests were in a range from 62 to 75%, and significant differences between tests in terms of sensitivity were observed. The positive predictive value for each test was 0.85 or higher, The specificities of the nonculture tests without performance of confirmations were greater than 99%, Performing confirmatory tests eliminated nearly all of the false positives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. JSI Res & Training Inst, Denver, CO USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Hlth Training, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Washington State Hlth Dept Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Oregon State Hlth Dept Lab, Portland, OR USA. RP Johnson, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 681 EP 685 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500033 PM 9986831 ER PT J AU Gerner-Smidt, P Graves, LM Hunter, S Swaminathan, B AF Gerner-Smidt, P Graves, LM Hunter, S Swaminathan, B TI Critical observations on computerized analysis of banding patterns with commercial software packages - Authors' reply SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Statens Serum Inst, Dept Gastrointestinal Infect, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerner-Smidt, P (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Gastrointestinal Infect, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 876 EP 877 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500087 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS Leitch, GJ Pieniazek, NJ AF Visvesvara, GS Leitch, GJ Pieniazek, NJ TI Encephalitozoon cuniculi: Light and electron microscopic evidence for di-, tetra-, and octosporous sporogony and a note on the molecular phylogeny of encephalitozoonidae SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glugea; immunofluorescence; microsporidia; monokaryotic; Nosema; parasitophorous vacuole ID SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS; AIDS PATIENTS; N-SP; HELLEM; ULTRASTRUCTURE; IDENTIFICATION; MICROSPORIDIA; DIARRHEA; CULTURE; SPORES AB We demonstrate, based on the light, electron microscopic, and immunofluorescence studies carried out on two isolates of Encephalitozoon cuniculi established in culture, that E. cuniculi exhibits di-, tri-, tetra-, and octosporous sporogony. We therefore propose that the generic characters of Encephalitozoon should be amended to include tetra-sporous sporogony as generic features. Additionally, the molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that E. cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. (Septata) intestinalis form a cohesive group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04593.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 200QA UT WOS:000080550300003 PM 10361732 ER PT J AU Kotchick, BA Dorsey, S Miller, KS Forehand, R AF Kotchick, BA Dorsey, S Miller, KS Forehand, R TI Adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior in single-parent ethnic minority families SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTION; ATTITUDES; IMPACT; AIDS; AGE AB Relationships of maternal sexual behavior, mother-adolescent communication about sex, and maternal attitudes about adolescent sexuality to adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior were examined in a sample of 397 Black and Hispanic families headed by single mothers. Some support emerged for a positive relationship between maternal sexual risk-taking behavior and adolescent risk-taking behavior; however, when considered in the context of communication about sex and maternal attitudes about adolescent sexuality, the relationship was no longer significant. When the process of sexual communication between a mother and an adolescent was open and receptive, less adolescent risk-taking behavior was reported. The role of single mothers in influencing their adolescents' sexual behavior is discussed. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Behav Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Forehand, R (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Behav Res, 111 Barrow Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 22 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0893-3200 J9 J FAM PSYCHOL JI J. Fam. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1037/0893-3200.13.1.93 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 177YD UT WOS:000079237900007 ER PT J AU Nolte, KB AF Nolte, KB TI Commentary on postmortem diagnosis of leukodystrophies - Shields LBE, Corey Handy T, Parker JC, Burns C. Postmortem diagnosis of leukodystrophies. J Forensic Sci 1998;43 : 1068-1071. SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Letter C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coroner Informat Sharing Program, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nolte, KB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 44 IS 2 BP 452 EP 453 PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 293AW UT WOS:000085830200041 ER PT J AU Rajeevan, MS Dimulescu, IM Unger, ER Vernon, SD AF Rajeevan, MS Dimulescu, IM Unger, ER Vernon, SD TI Chemiluminescent analysis of gene expression on high-density filter arrays SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gene expression monitoring; chemiluminescent detection; high-density filter arrays; cDNA synthesis ID VIRUS REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; GENOME ANALYSIS; DNA; MICROARRAYS; RNA AB We have optimized conditions for the chemiluminescent analysis of gene expression using high-density filter arrays (HDFAs). High sensitivity and specificity were achieved by optimizing cDNA probe synthesis, hybridization, and detection parameters. The chemiluminescent expression profile reflected expected differences in the transcripts isolated from different sources (placenta and keratinocytes). We estimated the detection limit for low-abundance message to be 1-15 transcripts per cell, a sensitivity rivaling that reported for microarray formats and exceeding that reported for autoradiographic HDFAs. The method allows for short exposure times and reuse of probe. It should be equally applicable to techniques such as differential screening of cDNA libraries and differential display PCR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 337 EP 342 PG 6 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 168PJ UT WOS:000078701200007 PM 10026235 ER PT J AU Shaffer, N Roongpisuthipong, A Siriwasin, W Chotpitayasunondh, T Chearskul, S Young, NL Parekh, B Mock, PA Bhadrakom, C Chinayon, P Kalish, ML Phillips, SK Granade, TC Subbarao, S Weniger, BG Mastro, TD AF Shaffer, N Roongpisuthipong, A Siriwasin, W Chotpitayasunondh, T Chearskul, S Young, NL Parekh, B Mock, PA Bhadrakom, C Chinayon, P Kalish, ML Phillips, SK Granade, TC Subbarao, S Weniger, BG Mastro, TD CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmissio TI Maternal virus load and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype E transmission, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA ID MOTHER-TO-INFANT; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; VIRAL LOAD; HIV TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; CHILD TRANSMISSION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INFECTION AB To determine the rate and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 subtype E perinatal transmission, with focus on virus load, pregnant HIV-infected women and their formula-fed infants were followed prospectively in Bangkok, Of 281 infants with known outcome, 68 were infected (transmission race, 24.2%; 95% confidence interval, 19.3%-29.6%). Transmitting mothers had a 4.3-fold higher median plasma HIV RNA level at delivery than did nontransmitters (P < .001), No transmission occurred at <2000 copies/mL. On multivariate analysis, prematurity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.5), vaginal delivery (AOR, 2.9), low NK cell percentage (AOR, 2.4), and maternal virus load were associated with transmission. As RNA quintiles increased, the AOR for transmission increased linearly from 4.5 to 24.8. Two-thirds of transmission was attributed to virus load >10,000 copies/mL. Although risk is multifactorial, high maternal virus load at delivery strongly predicts transmission. This may have important implications for interventions designed to reduce perinatal transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Hlth, Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-50,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nas4@cdc.gov OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 47 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 179 IS 3 BP 590 EP 599 DI 10.1086/314641 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 183RF UT WOS:000079566700008 PM 9952365 ER PT J AU Bessen, DE Izzo, MW Fiorentino, TR Caringal, RM Hollingshead, SK Beall, B AF Bessen, DE Izzo, MW Fiorentino, TR Caringal, RM Hollingshead, SK Beall, B TI Genetic linkage of exotoxin alleles and emm gene markers for tissue tropism in group A Streptococci SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-for-Microbiology Conference on Streptoccocal Genetics CY APR, 1998 CL VICHY, FRANCE SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS; ERYTHROGENIC TOXIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A; M-PROTEIN; PYOGENES; SKIN; INFECTIONS; POPULATION AB In group A streptococci, genetic markers for principal tissue reservoir are located within emm genes, which encode surface proteins that have a role in virulence. A worldwide collection of 160 isolates was evaluated for two traits: chromosomal emm gene markers for tissue tropism (designated patterns A-E), and bacteriophage-associated genes (speA and speC) encoding pyrogenic exotoxins, The speA and speC alleles of organisms harboring the emm marker for a pharyngeal reservoir (pattern A-C) differ from spe alleles that predominate in organisms with the emm marker for impetigo (pattern D), However, organisms that display the emm marker for both tissue sites (pattern E) are not intermediate for the distribution of either speA or speC alleles, but instead resemble pattern A-C isolates for speA and pattern D strains for speC. Statistically significant nonrandom associations between exotoxin alleles and emm patterns were observed but cannot be readily explained by niche separation alone. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bessen, DE (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-28944] NR 38 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 179 IS 3 BP 627 EP 636 DI 10.1086/314631 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 183RF UT WOS:000079566700012 PM 9952369 ER PT J AU Vittinghoff, E Scheer, S O'Malley, P Colfax, G Holmberg, SD Buchbinder, SP AF Vittinghoff, E Scheer, S O'Malley, P Colfax, G Holmberg, SD Buchbinder, SP TI Combination antiretroviral therapy and recent declines in AIDS incidence and mortality SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th World AIDS Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND ID HIV-1 INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; PROGRESSION AB The reasons for recent declines in AIDS incidence and mortality may include advances in treatment, but these may be confounded by earlier declines in the incidence of human inmunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To determine whether the declines in AIDS and mortality may, in part, stem from wider use of combination antiretroviral therapy, 622 HIV-positive men with well-characterized dates of seroconversion were followed. In this group, combination therapy came into widespread use in only 1996. In a Cox proportional hazards model, the 1996 calendar period was significantly associated with slower progression to AIDS (relative hazard [RH] = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.69, P = .01) and death (RH = 0.45, 95% CI, 0.21-0.95, P = .04), Declines in incidence of HIV infection, changes in HIV virulence, and end-point underreporting cannot fully explain the decline in AIDS and death in 1996, The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy as the standard of care may already have had measurable effects. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA USA. HIV Res Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vittinghoff, E (reprint author), 74 New Montgomery,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. FU PHS HHS [R64/CCU912541] NR 9 TC 184 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 179 IS 3 BP 717 EP 720 DI 10.1086/314623 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 183RF UT WOS:000079566700028 PM 9952385 ER PT J AU Cookson, ST Schuchat, A Jarvis, WR AF Cookson, ST Schuchat, A Jarvis, WR TI Meningococcal disease outbreak associated with disco attendance - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cookson, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-03,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 179 IS 3 BP 751 EP 752 DI 10.1086/314649 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 183RF UT WOS:000079566700037 ER PT J AU Cunliffe, NA Gondwe, JS Broadhead, RL Molyneux, ME Woods, PA Bresee, JS Glass, RI Gentsch, JR Hart, CA AF Cunliffe, NA Gondwe, JS Broadhead, RL Molyneux, ME Woods, PA Bresee, JS Glass, RI Gentsch, JR Hart, CA TI Rotavirus G and P types in children with acute diarrhea in Blantyre, Malawi, from 1997 to 1998: Predominance of novel P[6]G8 strains SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; genotypes; Malawi ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEROTYPE G8; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BOVINE ROTAVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPE; INDIA; GENE; PCR; VP4 AB One hundred rotavirus strains detected in children with acute diarrhea in Blantyre, Malawi, between July 1997 and January 1998 were characterized for G (VP7) and P (VP4) types by using multiplex, heminested, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A novel P[6]G8 rotavirus strain was identified in 42% of the specimens. The remaining strains comprised P[8]G3 (20%), P[6]G3 (10%), P[4]G8 (9%), P[6]G9 (3%), P[8]G4 (2%), P[6]G4 (2%), and P[4]G3 (1%). Rotavirus strains with mixed G or P types were identified in 2% of the specimens. Nine percent of the strains were nontypeable with the primers used. The P[6] genotype was identified in 57% of strains overall. This first description of serotype G8 rotavirus as a predominant strain has important implications for vaccine development in Africa. The finding of novel P/G combinations (P[6]G8 and P[4]G8) highlights the extraordinary diversity of rotaviruses in some countries. J. Med. Virol. 57:308-312, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genitourinary Med, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Blantyre, Malawi. Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Blantyre, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hart, CA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genitourinary Med, Duncan Bldg,Daulby St, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. OI Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 FU Wellcome Trust NR 42 TC 175 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 57 IS 3 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199903)57:3<308::AID-JMV15>3.0.CO;2-B PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 162MZ UT WOS:000078351900015 PM 10022804 ER PT J AU Winn, DM Johnson, CL Kingman, A AF Winn, DM Johnson, CL Kingman, A TI Periodontal disease estimates in NHANES III: Clinical measurement and complex sample design issues SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE periodontal diseases; epidemiology; examiner reliability; survey sampling; NHANES III ID ATTACHMENT LEVEL; NATIONAL-HEALTH AB Objective: This paper evaluates the possibility that examiner bias or other factors contributed to an observed decline in pocket depth and gingivitis between the two three-year sequential periods of time (or phases) covered by the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES ill). Methods: Prevalences of periodontal conditions were analyzed using data from two sets of repeat oral health examinations by examining dentists of NHANES III sample persons. The first set includes sample persons who were examined twice by the same examining dentist at an interval of one to six weeks. The second set includes sample persons who were assessed on the same day by both an examining dentist and a reference dentist. Other possible sources of error also were evaluated. Results: Overall kappa statistics measuring agreement between or within dental examiners were within the range observed for other periodontal disease surveys. While differences were found among dentists in the prevalence of pocket depth of 4 mm or more, for each group of sample persons assessed by a reference examiner-examining dentist pair, the reference examiner's periodontal measurements closely corresponded to measurements made by the examining dentists. Conclusions: Differences between dental examiners in prevalences of periodontal conditions may be due in part to the fact that examinees were not randomly assigned to examiners. As a result, the sample persons examined by each dentist may not have been alike in characteristics thought to affect periodontal disease status. These findings suggest that the observed declines in periodontal health status between phases is not due to examiner bias. This unexplained decline may be the result of sampling variation. It is recommended that combined six-year survey results be presented whenever possible. C1 Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Winn, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Natcher Bldg,Room 4AS-43D,45 Ctr Dr MSC 6401, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03238.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 239LP UT WOS:000082769900002 PM 10965471 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Knutson, RS Sacks, JJ AF Ashford, DA Knutson, RS Sacks, JJ TI Injury among cavers: results of a preliminary national survey SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS LA English DT Article DE caving; rabies; athletic injuries AB Background. To estimate the frequency of and risk factors for caving-associated injuries,, Methods. A standardized questionnaire covering demographics, caving exposure, and injury history was distributed to all members of the National Speleological Society by inclusion in the monthly newsletter. Results, Of 9,532 members sent a questionnaire, 301 responded (3.2 %). Respondents had an average of 18 years of caving experience, and 37 % had sustained one of more injuries while caving. Hypothermia was the most frequent injury, followed by fractures, animal bites, and concussions, The rate of injury was about 1 per 1,990 hours in a cave, Injury rates for females were about twice those of males; older persons and those with more than 5 years of caving experience seemed to have lower injury rates. Conclusions. Many caving injuries appear potentially preventable. proper technique for safe climbing should be a part of exploration training. There is a need for proper belaying or rappelling for even short ascents or descents, Helmet use should be stressed, as should adequate protection from hypothermia. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, CDC,US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Speleol Soc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, CDC,US Publ Hlth Serv, MS-CO9,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0022-4707 J9 J SPORT MED PHYS FIT JI J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 188YG UT WOS:000079876500013 PM 10230173 ER PT J AU Glaser, RA Shulman, S Klinger, P AF Glaser, RA Shulman, S Klinger, P TI Data supporting a provisional American society for testing and materials (ASTM) method for metalworking fluids, part 2. Preliminary report of evaluation of a ternary solvent blend in a provisional ASTM method for metalworking fluids (P-42-97) SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE metalworking fluids; analytical method; spiking study; limits of detection and quantitation AB Samples of straight, soluble, semi-synthetic, and synthetic metalworking fluids (MWF) were spiked onto polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters, stored overnight, and analyzed using a provisional American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method for metalworking fluids. That technique involves collection of aerosolized fluid on PTFE membrane filters and separation of the fluid from co-sampled particulate matter via extraction of the filter with a blend of dichloromethane: methanol:toluene. The extraction of all fluids from the filters was quantitative over the range 200 to 815 mu g for the straight fluid, from 223 to 878 mu g for the soluble fluid, from 51 to 189 mu g for the semisynthetic fluid, and from 102 to 420 mu g for the synthetic fluid. For those weights of all four fluids spiked at levels greater than or equal to 200 mu g, the precision (%relative standard deviation or %RSD) was estimated to be 4% for the total weight procedure and 5% for the extraction procedure. Limits of quantitation, estimated from blanks carried through the entire analytical procedure, were 30 mu g for the weighing technique and 60 mu g for the extraction technique. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. DataChem Labs Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84123 USA. RP Glaser, RA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 287YN UT WOS:000085535200007 ER PT J AU Glaser, RA AF Glaser, RA TI Data supporting a provisional American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method for metalworking fluids, part I: A solvent blend with wide-ranging ability to dissolve metalworking fluids SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE metalworking fluids; ASTM analytical method; ternary solvent; solubility studies AB Data are presented to support modification to a provisional American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) sampling and analytical technique for metalworking fluids (ASTM P-42-97). The method, tentatively recommended by ASTM Subcommittee D-22.04, involves collection of the aerosolized fluid on a filter and separation of the fluid from co-sampled particulate matter via solvent extraction of that fluid from the filter. The solubilities of nine metalworking fluids were tested in seven solvents: acetone, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, methanol, toluene, water, and three solvent blends: dichloromethane: methanol, dichloromethane:methanol:toluene, and dichloromethane:methanol:hexane. A ternary blend of dichloromethane:methanol:toluene (1:1:1) was found to dissolve samples of the four classes of metalworking fluids within about 1 min. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Glaser, RA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 287YN UT WOS:000085535200014 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Kilpatrick, DR Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Kilpatrick, DR Pallansch, MA TI Molecular evolution of the human enteroviruses: Correlation of serotype with VP1 sequence and application to picornavirus classification SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VACCINE-RELATED POLIOVIRUSES; VESICULAR DISEASE VIRUS; COMMON COLD VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BOVINE ENTEROVIRUS; TREE TOPOLOGIES; RNA PROBES; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION AB Sixty-six human enterovirus serotypes have been identified by serum neutralization, but the molecular determinants of the serotypes are unknown. Since the picornavirus VP1 protein contains a number of neutralization domains, we hypothesized that the VP1 sequence should correspond with neutralization (serotype) and, hence, with phylogenetic lineage. To test this hypothesis and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among the human enteroviruses, we determined the complete VP1 sequences of the prototype strains of 47 human enterovirus serotypes and 10 antigenic variants. Our sequences, together with those available from GenBank, comprise a database of complete VP1 sequences for all 66 human enterovirus serotypes plus additional strains of seven serotypes. Phylogenetic trees constructed from complete VP1 sequences produced the same four major clusters as published trees based on partial VP2 sequences; in contrast to the VP2 trees, however, in the VP1 trees strains of the same serotype were always monophyletic. In pairwise comparisons of complete VP1 sequences, enteroviruses of the same serotype were clearly distinguished from those of heterologous serotypes, and the limits of intraserotypic divergence appeared to be about 25% nucleotide sequence difference or 12% amino acid sequence difference. Pairwise comparisons suggested that coxsackie A11 and A15 viruses should be classified as strains of the same serotype, as should coxsackie A13 and A18 viruses. Pairwise identity scores also distinguished between enteroviruses of different clusters and enteroviruses from picornaviruses of different genera. The data suggest that VP1 sequence comparisons may be valuable in enterovirus typing and in picornavirus taxonomy by assisting in the genus assignment of unclassified picornaviruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbo2@cdc.gov NR 76 TC 482 Z9 608 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 IS 3 BP 1941 EP 1948 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 166XT UT WOS:000078603800023 PM 9971773 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Rubin, CS Marcus, M Kieszak, SM Schober, SE AF Backer, LC Rubin, CS Marcus, M Kieszak, SM Schober, SE TI Serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in women aged 35-60 in the US population: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE follicle-stimulating hormone; luteinizing hormone; NHANES; menopause; smoking; oophorectomy ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; REPRODUCTIVE LIFE; PREMENOPAUSAL; PERIMENOPAUSAL; BASAL; CYCLE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to examine age-specific population-based values for serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in women in the U.S. population. Design: Data were collected from a nationally representative cross-sectional health examination survey that included measurements of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and information from a personal interview. A total of 3388 women aged 35 to 60 years were examined during the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Results: Among U.S. women aged 35-60 years, median FSH and LH levels began to increase for women in their late 40s and reached a plateau for women in their early 50s. This study supports the previously reported association between serum FSH and age (i.e,, serum FSH and LH levels increase with age) and smoking (i.e., current smoking was associated with an increased level of serum FSH). At FSH levels of greater than or equal to 15 IU/L or greater than or equal to 20 IU/L, 70 and 73% of women, respectively, were postmenopausal. Our study also found an interaction between age and oophorectomy. In addition, the present data suggest that women with only one ovary may have higher FSH levels than women with both of their ovaries. Conclusions: NHANES III provides population-based data that support previously reported associations between serum FSH level and age, smoking, and menopausal status. (Menopause 1999;6:29-35. (C) 1999, The North American Menopause Society.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, MS F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 176LU UT WOS:000079153500007 PM 10100177 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Dai, S Grunbaum, JA Boerwinkle, E Labarthe, DR AF Fulton, JE Dai, S Grunbaum, JA Boerwinkle, E Labarthe, DR TI Apolipoprotein E affects serial changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adolescent girls: Project HeartBeat! SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL; E POLYMORPHISM; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; E PHENOTYPES; ESTROGEN; LIPIDS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METABOLISM; POPULATION AB Apolipoprotein E (apo F) polymorphism is a genetic determinant of lipid and lipoprotein levels and the risk for coronary heart disease. The extent to which serial patterns of change in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations varied by apo E genotype was therefore investigated in 247 Caucasian girls aged 8 to 14 at baseline who were participating in Project HeartBeat!, a mixed longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor development in children. Plasma lipid concentrations were determined for each participant three times per year (every 4 months) for up to 4 years from October 1991 through August 1995. Mean total cholesterol values for individuals with epsilon 2/3, epsilon 3/3, and epsilon 3/4 genotypes were 141.7, 161.6, and 165.9 mg/dL, respectively (P < .001). Corresponding LDL-C values for individuals with epsilon 2/3, epsilon 3/3, and epsilon 3/4 genotypes were 74.6, 94.8, and 98.7 mg/dL, respectively (P < .001). The results of longitudinal modeling indicated that age trajectories for total cholesterol and LDL-C varied significantly by apo E genotype. Individuals with epsilon 3/3 and epsilon 3/4 genotypes exhibited similar patterns of change in total cholesterol and LDL-C from ages 8 to 18, while individuals with the epsilon 2/3 genotype demonstrated a significantly different pattern of change (age(2) x genotype interaction, P < .05). For example, individuals with the epsilon 2/3 genotype showed a slight increase in total cholesterol from approximately 141 to 146 mg/dL from ages 8 to 10; total cholesterol then decreased monotonically from ages 10 to 18 from 146 to 115 mg/dL. The apo E effect on total cholesterol and LDL-C and their change during adolescence is strong and may be modified by factors affecting growth, maturation, end reproductive function. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Fulton, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01-HL-41166]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU609653] NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 48 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0026-0495(99)90073-2 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 173UG UT WOS:000078997700003 PM 10094101 ER PT J AU da Silva, AJ Bornay-Llinares, FJ Moura, INS Slemenda, SB Tuttle, JL Pieniazek, NJ AF da Silva, AJ Bornay-Llinares, FJ Moura, INS Slemenda, SB Tuttle, JL Pieniazek, NJ TI Fast and reliable extraction of protozoan parasite DNA from fecal specimens SO MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE molecular diagnosis; cryptosporidium; microsporidia; PCR ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; STOOL SPECIMENS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-INTESTINALIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; PCR; MICROSPORIDIA; INFECTIONS AB Background: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of intestinal protozoa in fecal specimens is hampered by poor recovery of DNA and by the presence of PCR inhibitors. In this study we describe a novel method for DNA extraction from such specimens containing spores and oocysts of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium parvum, respectively. Methods and Results: Extraction was done using commercial kits modified to maximize the recovery and purity of extracted DNA. In comparison with a procedure we previously reported, we estimate that this method may increase the sensitivity of parasite DNA detection in fecal specimens up to tenfold. An additional advantage of this method is that up to 12 samples may be processed simultaneously within 2 hours. Conclusions: By using this method, we were able to increase reproducibility of PCR amplification on fecal specimens and significantly reduce the hands-on time required to process the samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Div Microbiol & Parasitol, Alicante, Spain. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Ctr Bioingn, Alicante, Spain. RP Pieniazek, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 125 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 10 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1084-8592 J9 MOL DIAGN JI Mol. Diagn. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 4 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S1084-8592(99)80050-2 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 197CY UT WOS:000080348100008 PM 10229775 ER PT J AU Tarleton, RL Zhang, L AF Tarleton, RL Zhang, L TI Chagas disease etiology: Autoimmunity or parasite persistence? SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Review ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; T-CELLS; IN-SITU; INFLAMMATORY LESIONS; HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDITIS; MICE; PATIENT; DNA; CARDIOMYOPATHY AB The question of the cause and the mechanisms of disease in chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection continues to attract debate. Chagas disease, characterized by cardiomyopathy and/or megasyndrome involving the esophagus or colon, occurs in similar to 30% of individuals with chronic T. cruzi infections. Although the pathogenesis of Chagas disease is often attributed to autoimmune mechanisms, definitive proof of an ti-self responses as the primary cause of disease in T. cruzi-infected hosts is lacking. Rick Tarleton and Lei Zhang here consider an alternative view that the primary cause of chronic Chagas disease is the failure of the host to clear the infection, resulting ill infection-induced, immune-mediated tissue damage. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Tarleton, RL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM tarleton@cb.uga.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-22070, AI-33106] NR 57 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01398-8 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 180VZ UT WOS:000079407000005 PM 10322321 ER PT J AU Thomas, A Xu, DH Wooten, K Morrow, B Redd, S AF Thomas, A Xu, DH Wooten, K Morrow, B Redd, S TI Timing and effectiveness of requirements for a second dose of measles vaccine SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE measles epidemiology; measles prevention and control; second dose ID SCHOOL POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; OUTBREAK; REVACCINATION; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; FAILURE AB Objective. Previous measles elimination goals have failed in the United States despite high coverage of schoolchildren with a Single dose of measles vaccine. Since 1989 advisory groups have recommended that schoolchildren receive a second dose of measles vaccine as part of a revised strategy to eliminate measles from the US. States have responded by phasing in requirements for a second dose of measles vaccine at school entry for various age groups at primary school entrance, secondary school entrance or both. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of the requirements for a second dose of measles vaccine and to determine whether a primary or secondary school entrance requirement was more effective in lowering measles incidence. Methods. Using national surveillance data we examined the influence of state requirements for the second dose of measles vaccine on measles incidence from 1993 through 1995. Results. Overall measles incidence was lower in states that had a requirement for a second dose of measles vaccine at either primary school entrance [relative risk (RR) = 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.49] or secondary school entrance (RR = 0.38; 95% confidence interval 0.29 to 0.50), compared with states without a second dose requirement; Incidence was lowest in states that required a second dose of measles vaccine at both primary and secondary school entrance (RR = 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.37). Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that a requirement for a second dose of measles vaccine at either primary or secondary school entrance is effective in lowering measles incidence, with a greater reduction occurring in states where the second dose is required for both age groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Data Management, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dyntel Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Klemm Anal Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thomas, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-D18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 3 BP 266 EP 270 DI 10.1097/00006454-199903000-00012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 175GD UT WOS:000079084300010 PM 10093950 ER PT J AU Morita, JY O'Brien, KL Schuchat, A AF Morita, JY O'Brien, KL Schuchat, A TI Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal infections SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morita, JY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 18 IS 3 BP 279 EP 280 DI 10.1097/00006454-199903000-00015 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 175GD UT WOS:000079084300013 PM 10093953 ER PT J AU Van Naarden, K Decoufle, P Caldwell, K AF Van Naarden, K Decoufle, P Caldwell, K TI Prevalence and characteristics of children with serious hearing impairment in metropolitan Atlanta, 1991-1993 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE deafness; hearing loss; congenital; prevalence; epidemiology; impairment ID IDENTIFICATION AB Objectives. There is a paucity of data describing the epidemiology of serious hearing impairment among children in the United States. This report provides information on the prevalence of serious hearing impairment among children born in the 1980s and living in the metropolitan Atlanta area in 1991-1993 and on the characteristics of children with serious hearing impairment. Methods. Data for this report are drawn from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, an ongoing, active case-ascertainment system for mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, and vision impairment among children 3 to 10 years of age. Hearing impairment was defined as a bilateral, pure-tone hearing loss at frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz averaging 40 decibels or more, unaided, in the better ear. Both severity and type of hearing loss were examined. Cross-sectional as well as birth cohort prevalence rates of serious hearing impairment were computed by sex and by race. The presence of mental retardation, cerebral palsy, vision impairment, or a seizure disorder was also assessed. An attempt was made to determine the probable etiology of a subset of the cases. Results. The average, annual prevalence rate for moderate to profound hearing loss was 1.1 per 1000. The prevalence rate increased steadily with age. Ninety percent of all cases for which the type of loss was recorded were sensorineural. The highest rate was seen among black male children (1.4 per 1000). Thirty percent of case children had another neurodevelopmental condition, most frequently mental retardation. Black male children also experienced the highest rate of presumed congenital hearing impairment. The mean age at which children with presumed congenital hearing impairment first met the surveillance case definition was 2.9 years. A probable etiology could only be found for 22% of cases born in the study area. Conclusions. The data presented here provide information on the descriptive epidemiology of serious hearing impairment among United States children. The reasons for the higher rates among black children, especially males, may be a fruitful direction for further research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabil Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Decoufle, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabil Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F-15,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 3 BP 570 EP 575 DI 10.1542/peds.103.3.570 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 173BB UT WOS:000078960100006 PM 10049958 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Halsey, NA Schuchat, A AF Baker, CJ Halsey, NA Schuchat, A TI 1997 AAP guidelines for prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; SINGLE-DOSE PENICILLIN C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat Microbiol & Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat Microbiol & Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 3 BP 701 EP 701 DI 10.1542/peds.103.3.701 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 173BB UT WOS:000078960100056 PM 10189305 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Farley, M Harrison, LH Lefkowitz, L McGeer, A Schwartz, B AF Levine, OS Farley, M Harrison, LH Lefkowitz, L McGeer, A Schwartz, B CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team TI Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease in children: A population-based case-control study in North America SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; prevention; risk factors; epidemiology ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFLUENZAE; CENTERS; YOUNGER; FINLAND; VACCINE; ALASKA; AGE AB Objective. To identify risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease, including penicillin-resistant infections, among children 2 to 59 months of age. Design. Case-control study. Participants. Patients with invasive pneumococcal infections identified by population-based surveillance (n = 187) and controls identified through random-digit telephone dialing (n = 280). Outcome measures. Invasive pneumococcal disease was defined as isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site. Patients 2 to 59 months of age who were residents of one of four active surveillance areas were included. S pneumoniae isolates were tested by broth microdilution. Isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration to penicillin greater than or equal to 2 mu g/mL were considered resistant. Results. Invasive pneumococcal disease was strongly associated with underlying disease and with day care attendance in the previous 3 months. Among 2- to 11-month-olds, current breastfeeding was associated with a decreased likelihood of invasive pneumococcal disease (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.08, 0.90). Penicillin-resistant infections were independently associated with day care attendance, at least one course of antibiotics, and at least one ear infection in the previous 3 months. Conclusions. This study shows the association of underlying illnesses, day care attendance, and lack of breastfeeding with risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. The association of recent antibiotic use and infection with penicillin-resistant S pneumoniae highlights the need to avoid unnecessary antibiotic use in children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 20 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1999 VL 103 IS 3 AR e28 DI 10.1542/peds.103.3.e28 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 173BB UT WOS:000078960100021 PM 10049984 ER PT J AU Whitaker, DJ Beach, SRH Etherton, J Wakefield, R Anderson, PL AF Whitaker, DJ Beach, SRH Etherton, J Wakefield, R Anderson, PL TI Attachment and expectations about future relationships: Moderation by accessibility SO PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL CONSTRUCT ACCESSIBILITY; WORKING MODELS; CATEGORY ACCESSIBILITY; ATTITUDE ACCESSIBILITY; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; ROMANTIC PARTNERS; ADULT ATTACHMENT; PERSON MEMORY; SELF; STYLES AB This article examined the relationship between internal working models of self and other (Bowlby, 1969) and expectations for satisfaction in a future relationship, and how that relationship is moderated by the accessibility of one's internal models. Study one showed that the model of self was predictive of expected satisfaction, but the model of other was not. In study two, the results of study one were replicated. However, using a reaction time task to measure the chronic accessibility of internal models, it was shown that the relationship between model of self and expected satisfaction existed only for people with highly accessible internal models. The implications of these findings for a more cognitive view of attachment-processes is discussed. C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Whitaker, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1350-4126 J9 PERS RELATIONSHIP JI Pers. Relat. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1999.tb00210.x PG 16 WC Communication; Psychology, Social SC Communication; Psychology GA 175FZ UT WOS:000079083900003 ER PT J AU Binder, S Levitt, AM Hughes, JM AF Binder, S Levitt, AM Hughes, JM TI Preventing emerging infectious diseases as we enter the 21st century: CDC's strategy SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVEILLANCE; AZITHROMYCIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Binder, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1093/phr/114.2.130 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200JW UT WOS:000080537300015 PM 10199715 ER PT J AU Massoudi, MS Bell, BP Paredes, V Insko, J Evans, K Shapiro, CN AF Massoudi, MS Bell, BP Paredes, V Insko, J Evans, K Shapiro, CN TI An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with an infected foodhandler SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 124th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 17-21, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; PREVENTION AB Objective. The recommended criteria for public notification of a hepatitis A virus (HAV)-infected foodhandler include assessment of the foodhandler's hygiene and symptoms. in October 1994, a Kentucky health department received a report of a catering company foodhandler with hepatitis A. Patrons were not offered immune globulin because the foodhandler's hygiene was assessed to be good and he denied having diarrhea. During early November, 29 cases of hepatitis A were reported among people who had attended an event catered by this company, Two local health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with two state health departments, undertook an investigation to determine the extent of the outbreak, to identify the foods and event. characteristics associated with illness, and to investigate the apparent failure of the criteria for determining when immune globulin (IG) should be offered to exposed members of the public. Methods. Cases were IgM anti-HAV-positive people with onset of symptoms during October or November who had eaten foods prepared by the catering company. To determine the outbreak's extent and factors associated with illness, the authors interviewed ail case patients and the infected foodhandler and collected information on menus and other event characteristics. To investigate characteristics of events associated with transmission, the authors conducted a retrospective analysis comparing the risk of illness by selected event characteristics. To evaluate what foods were associated with illness, they conducted a retrospective cohort study of attendees of four events with high attack rates. Results. A total of 91 cases were identified. At least one case was reported from 21 (51%) of the 41 catered events. The overall attack rate was 7% among the 1318 people who attended these events (range 0 to 75% per event). Attending an event at which there was no on-site sink (relative risk [RR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 3.8) or no on-site kitchen (RR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1, 2.9) was associated with illness. For three events with high attack rates, eating at least one of several uncooked foods was associated with illness, with RRs ranging from 8 to undefined. Conclusion. A large hepatitis A outbreak resulted from an infected foodhandler with apparent good hygiene and no reported diarrhea who prepared many uncooked foods served at catered events. Assessing hygiene and symptoms is subjective, and may be difficult to accomplish. The effectiveness of the recommended criteria for determining when IG should be provided to exposed members of the public needs to be evaluated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Epidemiol Program No Kentucky Independent Hlth Di, Edgewood, KY USA. Cincinnati Hlth Dept, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 114 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1093/phr/114.2.157 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200JW UT WOS:000080537300018 PM 10199718 ER PT J AU Nelson, BK Snyder, DL Shaw, PB AF Nelson, BK Snyder, DL Shaw, PB TI Developmental toxicity interactions of salicylic acid and radiofrequency radiation or 2-methoxyethanol in rats SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RF radiation; industrial solvents; glycol ethers; developmental toxicity; synergism; antagonism; interactions; additivity; exposure standards; intervention strategies ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; TERATOGENIC INTERACTION; CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA; LONGITUDINAL DATA; BIRTH-DEFECTS; MICE; TEMPERATURE; EXPOSURE AB Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in a variety of workplaces where workers are concurrently exposed to chemicals, Combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The purpose of the present research was to determine if the synergistic effects noted for RF radiation and 2ME are generalizable to other chemicals. Since salicylic acid (SA) is widely used as an analgesic and is teratogenic in animals, SA was selected to address generalizability, Based on the literature and our pilot studies, 0, 250, or 350 mg/kg SA were administered by gavage on gestation Day 9 or 13 to rats, Concurrently rats given SA on Day 9 were exposed to RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41 degrees C for 60 min (or sham), Those given SA on Day 13 were also given 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME (gavage), Dams were sacrificed on gestation Day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. The data provide no evidence of synergistic interactions between RF radiation and salicylic acid (resorptions and malformations). Limited evidence of antagonism was observed between 2ME and salicylic acid (fetal weights), This investigation highlights the importance of-additional research on interactions in developmental toxicology, and emphasizes the need to consider combined exposure effects when developing both physical agent and chemical agent exposure guidelines and intervention strategies, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Nelson, BK (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bkn1@cdc.gov NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(98)00071-9 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 182XW UT WOS:000079524300007 PM 10213521 ER PT J AU Hammig, B Adeyanju, M Walker, R Huntsinger, P Montgomery, R AF Hammig, B Adeyanju, M Walker, R Huntsinger, P Montgomery, R TI Determinants of influenza vaccination behavior among the elderly SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD MAR PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 SU S BP A38 EP A38 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 176VN UT WOS:000079172800063 ER PT J AU Novotny, TE Zhao, F AF Novotny, TE Zhao, F TI Consumption and production waste: another externality of tobacco use SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article DE tobacco waste; litter; environmental impact AB Objective-To describe the waste produced by and environmental implications of individual cigarette consumption (filter tips, packages, and cartons) and tobacco manufacturing. Study selection-All available articles and reports published since 1970 related to cigarette consumption and production waste were reviewed. Data sources-Global cigarette consumption data were used to estimate cigarette butt and packaging waste quantities. Data from the Center for Marine Conservation's International Coastal Cleanup Project were used to describe some environmental impacts of tobacco-related trash. Data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Toxics Release Inventory and reported global cigarette consumption totals were used to estimate waste production from cigarette manufacturing. Data extraction and synthesis-In 1995, an estimated 5.535 trillion cigarettes (27675 million cartons and 276753 million packages) were sold by the tobacco industry globally. Some of the wastes from these products were properly deposited, but a large amount of tobacco consumption waste ends uf, in the environment. Some is recovered during environmental clean-up days. For the past eight years (1990-1997), cigarette butts have been the leading item found during the International Coastal Cleanup Project; they accounted for 19.1% of all items collected in 1997. The tobacco manufacturing process produces liquid, solid, and airborne waste. Among those wastes, some materials, including nicotine, are designated by the EPA as Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals. These are possible environmental health hazards. In 1995, the global tobacco industry produced an estimated 2262 million kilograms of manufacturing waste and 209 million kilograms of chemical waste. In addition, total nicotine waste produced in the manufacture of reduced nicotine cigarettes was estimated at 300 million kilograms. Conclusions-Laws against littering relative to cigarette butts could be better enforced. Additional taxes might be levied an cigarette products that would then be directed to environmental clean-up efforts. The tobacco industry should improve the biodegradability of filters, reduce packaging waste, and educate its customers. Worksites and public buildings should be encouraged or required to supply appropriate disposal mechanisms at all building entrances. Public awareness campaigns about the magnitude and prevention of cigarette consumption waste could be developed through partnerships among environmental groups, health organisations, and environmental protection agencies. Tobacco production waste should be a source of concern and regulation by governments throughout the world; it contains numerous chemicals which may be considered health hazards, not the least of which is nicotine produced in the manufacture of low-nicotine cigarettes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Novotny, TE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, K01,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 8 U2 30 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD SPR PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 202NT UT WOS:000080659600019 PM 10465821 ER PT J AU Olson, RK Voorhees, RE Eitzen, HE Rolka, H Sewell, CM AF Olson, RK Voorhees, RE Eitzen, HE Rolka, H Sewell, CM TI Cluster of postinjection abscesses related to corticosteroid injections and use of benzalkonium chloride SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SERRATIA-MARCESCENS AB Benzalkonium chloride (BC) is an unreliable disinfectant. A matched case-control study and environmental investigation were conducted to determine the cause of and risk factors for a cluster of postinjection abscesses at a private medical clinic where BC was used as a disinfectant. Twenty-eight case-patients who had an abscess at the injection site were matched with 126 control patients who had received an intramuscular injection at the clinic on the same day. Risk factors for abscess development in a multivariable logistic model were corticosteroid injection and being female. All case-patients had received a corticosteroid injection from a multidose vial. Cultures of abscesses from 20 of 23 case-patients grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cultures of BC prepared at the clinic also grew P aeruginosa, suggesting that BC was the source of infection. Injection site cleaning with BC did not appear to be the route of infection since use of BC at the time of injection was not associated with abscess development. A more likely route of infection was injection of contaminated corticosteroid from multidose vials that could have been inoculated with pseudomonads via needle puncture after vial septa were wiped with contaminated BC. Benzalkonium chloride should not be used to clean injection vial septa or injection sites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Olson, RK (reprint author), Western Journal Med, 221 Main St, San Francisco, CA 94120 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 170 IS 3 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 185EJ UT WOS:000079654900002 PM 10214100 ER PT J AU Marks, G Burris, S Peterman, TA AF Marks, G Burris, S Peterman, TA TI Reducing sexual transmission of HIV from those who know they are infected: the need for personal and collective responsibility SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE AIDS; HIV; HIV transmission; responsibility ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD4 CELL COUNTS; HIGH-RISK SEX; SELF-DISCLOSURE; BISEXUAL MEN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; CUBIC MILLIMETER; SEROPOSITIVE GAY; ANAL INTERCOURSE; PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Burris, Scott/0000-0002-6013-5842 NR 119 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 7 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1080/088395199117432 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 177EM UT WOS:000079196000001 PM 10199219 ER PT J AU Mock, PA Shaffer, N Bhadrakom, C Siriwasin, W Chotpitayasunondh, T Chearskul, S Young, NL Roongpisuthipong, A Chinayon, P Kalish, ML Parekh, B Mastro, TD AF Mock, PA Shaffer, N Bhadrakom, C Siriwasin, W Chotpitayasunondh, T Chearskul, S Young, NL Roongpisuthipong, A Chinayon, P Kalish, ML Parekh, B Mastro, TD CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HIV Transmissio TI Maternal viral load and timing of mother-to-child HIV transmission, Bangkok, Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE perinatal HIV transmission; timing; PCR; viral load; risk factors; Thailand ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ATTRIBUTABLE FRACTION; TYPE-1; INFECTION; INFANT AB Objectives: To determine the proportion of HIV-1-infected infants infected in utero and intrapartum, the relationship between transmission risk factors and time of transmission, and the population-attributable fractions for maternal viral load. Design: Prospective cohort study of 218 formula-fed infants of HIV-1-infected untreated mothers with known infection outcome and a birth HIV-1-positive DNA PCR test result. Methods: Transmission in utero was presumed to have occurred if the birth sample (within 72 h of birth) was HIV-1-positive by PCR; intrapartum transmission was presumed if the birth sample tested negative and a later sample was HIV-1-positive. Two comparisons were carried out for selected risk factors for mother-to-child transmission: infants infected in utero versus all infants with a HIV-1-negative birth PCR test result, and infants infected intrapartum versus uninfected infants. Results: Of 49 infected infants with an HIV-1 birth PCR result, 12 (24.5%) [95% confidence interval (CI), 14-38] were presumed to have been infected in utero and 37 (75.5%) were presumed to have been infected intrapartum. The estimated absolute overall transmission rate was 22.5%; this comprised 5.5% (95% CI, 3-9) in utero transmission and 18% (95% CI, 13-24) intrapartum transmission. Intrapartum transmission accounted for 75.5% of infections. High maternal HIV-1 viral load (> median) was a strong risk factor for both in utero [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.8 (95% CI, 1.4-38.8] and intrapartum transmission (AOR 4.4; 95% CI, 1.9-11.2). Low birth-weight was associated with in utero transmission, whereas low maternal natural killer cell and CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentages were associated with intrapartum transmission. The population-attributable fraction for intrapartum transmission associated with viral load > 10 000 copies/ml was 69%. Conclusions: Our results provide further evidence that most perinatal HIV-1 transmission occurs during labor and delivery, and that risk factors may differ according to time of transmission. Interventions to reduce maternal viral load should be effective in reducing both in utero and intrapartum transmission. (C) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent MS E501, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Serv, MOPH, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent MS E501, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1097/00002030-199902250-00014 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 177EM UT WOS:000079196000014 PM 10199232 ER PT J AU Roberts, BD Butera, ST AF Roberts, BD Butera, ST TI Host protein incorporation is conserved among diverse HIV-1 subtypes SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roberts, BD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab, MS-G19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 425 EP 427 DI 10.1097/00002030-199902250-00020 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 177EM UT WOS:000079196000020 PM 10199238 ER PT J AU Zhu, BP Rolfs, RT Nangle, BE Horan, JM AF Zhu, BP Rolfs, RT Nangle, BE Horan, JM TI Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiological-Research CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Soc Epidemiol Res ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTERPREGNANCY INTERVAL; GESTATIONAL-AGE; MORTALITY; RISK AB Background A short interval between pregnancies has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Whether that association is due to confounding by other risk factors, such as maternal age, socioeconomic status, and reproductive history, is unknown. Methods We evaluated the interpregnancy interval in relation to low birth weight, preterm birth, and small size for gestational age by analyzing data from the birth certificates of 173,205 singleton infants born alive to multiparous mothers in Utah from 1989 to 1996. Results Infants conceived 18 to 23 months after a previous live birth had the lowest risks of adverse perinatal outcomes; shorter and longer interpregnancy intervals were associated with higher risks. These associations persisted when the data were stratified according to and controlled for 16 biologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral risk factors. As compared with infants conceived 18 to 23 months after a live birth, infants conceived less than 6 months after a live birth had odds ratios of 1.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.6) for low birth weight, 1.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.5) for preterm birth, and 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.4) for small size for gestational age; infants conceived 120 months or more after a live birth had odds ratios of 2.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 2.4), 1.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.7), and 1.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 2.0) for these three adverse outcomes, respectively, when we controlled for all 16 risk factors with logistic regression. Conclusions The optimal interpregnancy interval for preventing adverse perinatal outcomes is 18 to 23 months. (N Engl J Med 1999;340:589-94.) (C)1999, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Off Publ Hlth Data, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. RP Zhu, BP (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Epidemiol Serv, 3423 Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. NR 26 TC 204 Z9 209 U1 1 U2 9 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 340 IS 8 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1056/NEJM199902253400801 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 169NP UT WOS:000078755700001 PM 10029642 ER PT J AU Hutin, YJF Pool, V Cramer, EH Nainan, OV Weth, J Williams, IT Goldstein, ST Gensheimer, KF Bell, BP Shapiro, CN Alter, MJ Margolis, HS AF Hutin, YJF Pool, V Cramer, EH Nainan, OV Weth, J Williams, IT Goldstein, ST Gensheimer, KF Bell, BP Shapiro, CN Alter, MJ Margolis, HS CA Natl Hepatitis A Invest Team TI A multistate, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; FROZEN RASPBERRIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; AMPLIFICATION; PROGRAMS; STRAINS AB Background We investigated a large, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A that occurred in February and March 1997 in Michigan and then extended the investigation to determine whether it was related to sporadic cases reported in other states among persons who had consumed frozen strawberries, the food suspected of causing the outbreak. Methods The cases of hepatitis A were serologically confirmed. Epidemiologic studies were conducted in the two states with sufficient numbers of cases, Michigan and Maine. Hepatitis A virus RNA detected in clinical specimens was sequenced to determine the relatedness of the virus from outbreak-related cases and other cases. Results A total of 213 cases of hepatitis A were reported from 23 schools in Michigan and 29 cases from 13 schools in Maine, with the median rate of attack ranging from 0.2 to 14 percent. Hepatitis A was associated with the consumption of frozen strawberries in a case-control study (odds ratio for the disease, 8.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 33) and a cohort study (relative risk of infection, 7.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 53) in Michigan and in a case-control study in Maine (odds ratio for infection, 3.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 14). The genetic sequences of viruses from 126 patients in Michigan and Maine were identical to one another and to those from 5 patients in Wisconsin and 7 patients in Arizona, all of whom attended schools where frozen strawberries from the same processor had been served, and to those in 2 patients from Louisiana, both of whom had consumed commercially prepared products containing frozen strawberries from the same processor. Conclusions We describe a large outbreak of hepatitis A in Michigan that was associated with the consumption of frozen strawberries. We found apparently sporadic cases in other states that could be linked to the same source by viral genetic analysis. (N Engl J Med 1999;340:595-602.) (C)1999, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calhoun Cty Dept Hlth, Battle Creek, MI USA. Maine State Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME USA. RP Hutin, YJF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 204 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 9 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 340 IS 8 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1056/NEJM199902253400802 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 169NP UT WOS:000078755700002 PM 10029643 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Influenza activity - United States, 1998-99 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 25-27, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Collaborating Labs, Natl Resp Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Collabora, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, WHO,Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP WHO, Collaborating Labs, Natl Resp Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Collabora, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 24 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 8 BP 695 EP 696 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 168BD UT WOS:000078669900010 ER PT J AU Page-Shafer, KA McFarland, W Kohn, R Klausner, J Katz, MH Wohlfeiler, D Gibson, S AF Page-Shafer, KA McFarland, W Kohn, R Klausner, J Katz, MH Wohlfeiler, D Gibson, S TI Increases in unsafe sex and rectal gonorrhea among men who have sex with men - San Francisco, California, 1994-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 45-48, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. Stop AIDS Project, San Francisco, CA USA. CDC, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Int Act Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Page-Shafer, KA (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. OI Page, Kimberly/0000-0002-7120-1673 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 24 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 8 BP 696 EP 697 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 168BD UT WOS:000078669900011 ER PT J AU Cook, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C Hoecherl, S Martin, L Onaka, AT Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Horvath, K Wineski, A Perry, M Asher, K Jiles, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Feigley, P Metroka, M DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, TA Passaro, K Kaske, J Pullen, P Hann, N Grant-Worley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Giles, R Roe, C Redman, L Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Imm, P Futa, M AF Cook, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C Hoecherl, S Martin, L Onaka, AT Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Horvath, K Wineski, A Perry, M Asher, K Jiles, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Feigley, P Metroka, M DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, TA Passaro, K Kaske, J Pullen, P Hann, N Grant-Worley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Giles, R Roe, C Redman, L Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Imm, P Futa, M TI HIV testing - United States, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 52-55, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Behav Risk Factor Surveillance Syst, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cook, J (reprint author), CDC, Behav Risk Factor Surveillance Syst, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 24 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 8 BP 697 EP 698 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 168BD UT WOS:000078669900012 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Mize, J AF LeBaron, CW Mize, J TI Voucher incentives to increase childhood immunization rates - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 24 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 8 BP 702 EP 703 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 168BD UT WOS:000078669900020 ER PT J AU Smith, TL Pearson, ML Wilcox, KR Cruz, C Lancaster, MV Robinson-Dunn, B Tenover, FC Zervos, MJ Band, JD White, E Jarvis, WR AF Smith, TL Pearson, ML Wilcox, KR Cruz, C Lancaster, MV Robinson-Dunn, B Tenover, FC Zervos, MJ Band, JD White, E Jarvis, WR CA Glycopeptide Intermediate Staphylococ TI Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; DOUBLE-BLIND; AEROSOLIZED VANCOMYCIN; NEUTROPENIC CHILDREN; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; CANCER-PATIENTS; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION AB Background Since the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the glycopeptide vancomycin has been the only uniformly effective treatment for staphylococcal infections. In 1997, two infections due to S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin were identified in the United States. Methods We investigated the two patients with infections due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides, as defined by a minimal inhibitory concentration of vancomycin of 8 to 16 mu g per milliliter. To assess the carriage and transmission of these strains of S. aureus, we cultured samples from the patients and their contacts and evaluated the isolates. Results The first patient was a 59-year-old man in Michigan with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. Peritonitis due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides developed after 18 weeks of vancomycin treatment for recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus peritonitis associated with dialysis. The removal of the peritoneal catheter plus treatment with rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole eradicated the infection. The second patient was a 66-year-old man with diabetes in New Jersey. A bloodstream infection due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides developed after 18 weeks of vancomycin treatment for recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia. This infection was eradicated with vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin. Both patients died. The glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus isolates differed by two bands on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. On electron microscopy, the isolates from the infected patients had thicker extracellular matrixes than control methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. No carriage was documented among 177 contacts of the two patients. Conclusions The emergence of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides emphasizes the importance of the prudent use of antibiotics, the laboratory capacity to identify resistant strains, and the use of infection-control precautions to prevent transmission. (N Engl J Med 1999;340:493-501.) (C)1999, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. William Beaumont Hosp, Royal Oak, MI 48072 USA. RP Pearson, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 66 TC 756 Z9 795 U1 13 U2 81 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 18 PY 1999 VL 340 IS 7 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1056/NEJM199902183400701 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 168FD UT WOS:000078680100001 PM 10021469 ER PT J AU Chin, AE Hedberg, K Higginson, GK Fleming, DW AF Chin, AE Hedberg, K Higginson, GK Fleming, DW TI Legalized physician-assisted suicide in Oregon - The first year's experience SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EUTHANASIA; ATTITUDES AB Background and Methods On October 27, 1997, Oregon legalized physician-assisted suicide. We collected data on all terminally ill Oregon residents who received prescriptions for lethal medications under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act and who died in 1998. The data were obtained from physicians' reports, death certificates, and interviews with physicians. We compared persons who took lethal medications prescribed under the act with those who died from similar illnesses but did not receive prescriptions for lethal medications. Results Information on 23 persons who received prescriptions for lethal medications was reported to the Oregon Health Division; 15 died after taking the lethal medications, 6 died from underlying illnesses, and 2 were alive as of January 1, 1999. The median age of the 15 patients who died after taking lethal medications was 69 years; 8 were male, and all 15 were white. Thirteen of the 15 patients had cancer. The case patients and controls were similar with regard to sex, race, urban or rural residence, level of education, health insurance coverage, and hospice enrollment. No case patients or control patients expressed concern about the financial impact of their illness. One case patient and 15 control patients expressed concern about inadequate control of pain (P=0.10). The case patients were more likely than the control patients to have never married (P=0.04) and were more likely to be concerned about loss of autonomy due to illness (P=0.01) and loss of control of bodily functions (P=0.02). At death, 21 percent of the case patients and 84 percent of the control patients were completely disabled (P<0.001). Conclusions During the first year of legalized physician-assisted suicide in Oregon, the decision to request and use a prescription for lethal medication was associated with concern about loss of autonomy or control of bodily functions, not with fear of intractable pain or concern about financial loss. In addition, we found that the choice of physician-assisted suicide was not associated with level of education or health insurance coverage. (N Engl J Med 1999;340:577-83.) (C)1999, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hedberg, K (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Div, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA. NR 20 TC 188 Z9 188 U1 3 U2 10 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 18 PY 1999 VL 340 IS 7 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1056/NEJM199902183400724 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 168FD UT WOS:000078680100039 PM 10021482 ER PT J AU Wechsler, E D'Aleo, C Hill, VA Hopper, J Myers-Wiley, D O'Keefe, E Jacobs, J Guido, F Huang, A Dodt, SN Rowan, B Sherman, M Greenberg, A Schneider, D Noone, B Fanella, L Williamson, BR Dinda, E Mayer, M Backer, M Agasan, A Kornstein, L Stavinsky, F Neal, B Edwards, D Haroon, M Hurley, D Colbert, L Miller, J Mojica, B Carloni, E Devine, B Cambridge, M Root, T Schoonmaker, D Shayegani, M Hastback, W Wallace, B Kondracki, S Smith, P Matiuck, S Pilot, K Acharya, M Wolf, G Manley, W Genese, C Brooks, J Dembek, Z Hadler, J AF Wechsler, E D'Aleo, C Hill, VA Hopper, J Myers-Wiley, D O'Keefe, E Jacobs, J Guido, F Huang, A Dodt, SN Rowan, B Sherman, M Greenberg, A Schneider, D Noone, B Fanella, L Williamson, BR Dinda, E Mayer, M Backer, M Agasan, A Kornstein, L Stavinsky, F Neal, B Edwards, D Haroon, M Hurley, D Colbert, L Miller, J Mojica, B Carloni, E Devine, B Cambridge, M Root, T Schoonmaker, D Shayegani, M Hastback, W Wallace, B Kondracki, S Smith, P Matiuck, S Pilot, K Acharya, M Wolf, G Manley, W Genese, C Brooks, J Dembek, Z Hadler, J TI Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from Long Island Sound - Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 48, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Westchester Cty Hlth Dept, New Rochelle, NY USA. Nassau Cty Dept Hlth, Div Dis Control, Mineola, NY USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Hauppauge, NY USA. New York City Bur Labs, Enter Pathogens Lab, New York, NY USA. New York City Bur Labs, Environm Microbiol Lab, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. Bur Community Sanitat & Food Protect, New York, NY USA. Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, New York, NY USA. Bur Communicable Dis Control, New York, NY USA. Bur Labs, New York, NY USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, US FDA, Hartford, CT USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, State Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wechsler, E (reprint author), Westchester Cty Hlth Dept, New Rochelle, NY USA. NR 1 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 17 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 7 BP 603 EP 604 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 165YA UT WOS:000078548400010 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Friedman, L AF Gunn, RA Friedman, L TI Cardiovascular screening of high school athletes SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 17 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 7 BP 607 EP 608 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 165YA UT WOS:000078548400019 PM 10029115 ER PT J AU Shi, YP Hasnain, SE Sacci, JB Holloway, BP Fujioka, H Kumar, N Wohlhueter, R Hoffman, SL Collins, WE Lal, AA AF Shi, YP Hasnain, SE Sacci, JB Holloway, BP Fujioka, H Kumar, N Wohlhueter, R Hoffman, SL Collins, WE Lal, AA TI Immunogenicity and in vitro protective efficacy of a recombinant multistage Plasmodium falciparum candidate vaccine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; vaccine; synthetic gene; B & T cell epitopes; efficacy ID ASEXUAL BLOOD STAGES; B-CELL EPITOPES; MHC CLASS-II; T-CELL; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SYNTHETIC VACCINE; MALARIA; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING AB Compared with a single-stage antigen-based vaccine, a multistage and multivalent Plasmodium falciparum vaccine would be more efficacious by inducing "multiple layers" of immunity, We have constructed a synthetic gene that encodes for 12 B cell, 6 T cell proliferative, and 3 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes derived from 9 stage-specific P. falciparum antigens corresponding to the sporozoite, liver, erythrocytic asexual, and sexual stages, The gene was expressed in the baculovirus system, and a 41-kDa antigen, termed CDC/NIIMALVAC-1, was purified. Immunization in rabbits with the purified protein in the presence of different adjuvants generated antibody responses that recognized vaccine antigen, linear peptides contained in the vaccine, and all stages of P, falciparum. In vitro assays of protection revealed that the vaccine elicited antibodies strongly inhibited sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells and growth of blood-stage parasites in the presence of monocytes, These observations demonstrate that a multicomponent, multistage malaria vaccine can induce immune responses that inhibit parasite development at multiple stages. The rationale and approach used in the development of a multicomponent P, falciparum vaccine will be useful in the development of a multispecies human malaria vaccine and vaccines against other infectious diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biotechnol Core Facil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Immunol, Eukaryot Gene Express Lab, New Delhi 110067, India. USN, Inst Med Res, Malaria Program, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mol Vaccine Sect, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chmablee, GA 30341 USA. EM aall@cdc.gov RI HASNAIN, SEYED/C-1492-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-38403, AI-41879, AI-35827] NR 33 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 16 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1615 EP 1620 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1615 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 168ND UT WOS:000078698400081 PM 9990073 ER PT J AU Strebel, P Guris, D Papania, M Cochi, S AF Strebel, P Guris, D Papania, M Cochi, S TI Invited commentary: Vaccine failure or failure to vaccinate? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strebel, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 4 BP 302 EP 303 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 165ZL UT WOS:000078551700002 PM 10025470 ER PT J AU Brownson, RC Eyler, AA King, AC Shyu, YL Brown, DR Homan, SM AF Brownson, RC Eyler, AA King, AC Shyu, YL Brown, DR Homan, SM TI Reliability of information on physical activity and other chronic disease risk factors among US women aged 40 years or older SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; chronic disease; data collection; epidemiologic methods; ethnic groups; exercise; population surveillance; reproducibility of results ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PREVENTION; POLICY; QUESTIONNAIRE; AGREEMENT; EXERCISE; REPRODUCIBILITY; POPULATION AB Data on chronic disease risk behaviors and related variables, including barriers to and attitudes toward physical activity, are lacking for women of some racial/ethnic groups. A test-retest study was conducted from July 1996 through June 1997 among US women (n = 199) aged 40 years or more who were white, black, American Indian/Alaska Native, or Hispanic. The sample was selected and interviews were conducted using a modified version of the methods of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. For behavioral risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and low fruit and vegetable consumption, group prevalences were generally similar between interviews 1 and 2, However, kappa values for selected physical activity variables ranged from 0.26 to 0.51 and tended to be lower for black women, Discordance was low for variables on cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (kappa = 0.64-0.92). Discordance was high (kappa = 0.33) for low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Additional variables for barriers to and access to exercise ranged widely across racial/ethnic groups and in terms of measures of agreement. These methods illustrate an efficient way to sample and assess the reliability of data collected from women of racial/ethnic minority groups. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brownson, RC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, 3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 57 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 4 BP 379 EP 391 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 165ZL UT WOS:000078551700014 PM 10025482 ER PT J AU Montesano, MA Colley, DG Eloi-Santos, S Freeman, GL Secor, WE AF Montesano, MA Colley, DG Eloi-Santos, S Freeman, GL Secor, WE TI Neonatal idiotypic exposure alters subsequent cytokine, pathology, and survival patterns in experimental Schistosoma mansoni infections SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE schistosomiasis; idiotypes; granuloma; splenomegaly; mice ID DIFFERENT CLINICAL FORMS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CHILDREN BORN; IFN-GAMMA AB Exposure to maternal idiotypes (Ids) or antigens might predispose a child to develop an immunoregulated, asymptomatic clinical presentation of schistosomiasis. We have used an experimental murine system to address the role of Ids in this immunoregulation. Sera from mice with 8-wk Schistosoma mansoni infection, chronic (20-wk infection) moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS), or chronic hypersplenomegaly syndrome (HSS) were passed over an S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) immunoaffinity column to prepare Ids (8WkId, MSS Id, HSS Id). Newborn mice were injected with 8WkId, MSS Id, HSS Id, or normal mouse immunoglobulin (NoMoIgG) and infected with S. mansoni 8 wk later. Mice exposed to 8WkId or MSS Id as newborns had prolonged survival and decreased morbidity compared with mice that received HSS Id or NoMoIgG. When stimulated with SEA, 8WkId, or MSS Id, spleen cells from mice neonatally injected with 8WkId or MSS Id produced more interferon gamma than spleen cells from mice neonatally injected with HSS Id or NoMoIgG. Furthermore, neonatal exposure to 8WkId or MSS Id, but not NoMoIgG or HSS Id, led to significantly smaller granuloma size. and lower hepatic fibrosis levels in infected mice. Together, these results indicate that perinatal exposure to appropriate anti-SEA Ids induces long-term effects on survival, pathology, and immune response patterns in mice subsequently infected with S. mansoni. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS,Immunol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Fed juiz de Fora, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, BR-36036 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fac Med, Dept Propedeut Complementar, BR-30190 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS,Immunol Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-11289] NR 48 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 189 IS 4 BP 637 EP 645 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 168NA UT WOS:000078698100005 PM 9989978 ER PT J AU Waters, TR Baron, SL Piacitelli, LA Anderson, VP Skov, T Haring-Sweeney, M Wall, DK Fine, LJ AF Waters, TR Baron, SL Piacitelli, LA Anderson, VP Skov, T Haring-Sweeney, M Wall, DK Fine, LJ TI Evaluation of the revised NIOSH lifting equation - A cross-sectional epidemiologic study SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE dose response; low back pain; manual lifting; risk assessment ID LOW-BACK DISORDERS; RISK; PAIN; PREVALENCE; DISCOMFORT; WORKERS AB Study Design. A cross-sectional study of the 1-year prevalence of low back pain was conducted in workers employed in manual lifting jobs. Objectives. To provide epidemiologic data to determine the correlation between the prevalence of tow back pain and exposure to manual lifting stressors, measured with the lifting index component of the revised lifting equation from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Summary of Background Data. The NIOSH lifting equation has been proposed as a practical, yet valid tool for assessing the risks of low back pain caused by manual lifting. To date, however, there have been few studies in which the effectiveness of the equation to identify jobs with elevated rates of low back pain has been evaluated. Methods. Fifty jobs from four industrial sites were evaluated with the NIOSH lifting equation. A symptom and occupational history questionnaire was administered to 204 people employed in lifting jobs and 80 people employed in nonlifting jobs. Regression analysis was used to determine whether there was a correlation between the lifting index and reported low back pain. Results. As the lifting index increased from 1.0 to 3.0, the odds of low back pain increased, with a peak and statistically significant odds ratio occurring in the 23.0.CO;2-A PG 21 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 167JV UT WOS:000078629900003 ER PT J AU Beilenson, P Rose, D Dunning, D Brathwaite, W West, K Meyers, F Krick, J Akers, D Miazad, R Bhatia, A Dwyer, D AF Beilenson, P Rose, D Dunning, D Brathwaite, W West, K Meyers, F Krick, J Akers, D Miazad, R Bhatia, A Dwyer, D TI Epidemic of congenital syphilis - Baltimore, 1996-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 904-907, 1998) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 Baltimore City Hlth Dept, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hygiene, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Br, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Dev & Support Br, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Beilenson, P (reprint author), Baltimore City Hlth Dept, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 135 IS 2 BP 224 EP 225 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 169BL UT WOS:000078727600030 ER PT J AU Dorgan, JF Brock, JW Rothman, N Needham, LL Miller, R Stephenson, HE Schussler, N Taylor, PR AF Dorgan, JF Brock, JW Rothman, N Needham, LL Miller, R Stephenson, HE Schussler, N Taylor, PR TI Serum organochlorine pesticides and PCBs and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective analysis (USA) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; epidemiology; organochlorine pesticides; polychlorinated biphenyls ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; BETA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ASIAN WOMEN; EXPOSURE; RESIDUES; WHITE; BLACK; CELLS AB Objective: To prospectively evaluate relationships of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with breast cancer, we conducted a case-control study nested in a cohort using the Columbia, Missouri Breast Cancer Serum Bank. Methods: Women donated blood in 1977-87, and during up to 9.5 years follow-up, 105 donors who met the inclusion criteria for the current study were diagnosed with breast cancer. For each case, two controls matched on age and date of blood collection were selected. Five DDT [2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane] analogs, 13 other organochlorine pesticides, and 27 PCBs were measured in serum. Results: Women in the upper three quartiles of hexachlorobenzene were at twice the risk of breast cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile. However, there was no evidence for a dose-response relationship, and the association was limited to women whose blood was collected close to the time of diagnosis. Women with higher serum levels of other organochlorine pesticides and PCBs showed no increased risk of breast cancer overall, although positive associations were suggested for PCB-118 and PCB-138 when brood was collected close to the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: Results of this study do not support a role for organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in breast cancer etiology. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ellis Fischel Canc Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Hlth Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. NCI, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dorgan, JF (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Execut Plaza N,Room 443,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 34 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD FEB PY 1999 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1023/A:1008824131727 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 186JZ UT WOS:000079727100001 PM 10334636 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S Cohn, RD Gaunt, EE Krolak, JM AF Shahangian, S Cohn, RD Gaunt, EE Krolak, JM TI System to monitor a portion of the total testing process in medical clinics and laboratories: Evaluation of a split-specimen design SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES; TRANSFUSION MEDICINE; COLLEGE; ERRORS; IMPROVEMENT; PREVENTION; FREQUENCY; BLUNDERS; MISTAKES AB To evaluate a split-specimen design to identify problems in the testing process in hospital and physician office laboratories, we examined the testing for serum total cholesterol (n = 646) and potassium (n = 732) at 11 medical clinics evaluating 30-199 patients (mean, 125). Clinic personnel collected three tubes of blood from each patient. One specimen was processed routinely, the second was sent to a referral laboratory (RL), and the third specimen was sent to a holding facility for storage. The corresponding stored sample was retrieved and divided into three audit samples randomly and when result difference for the first two specimens exceeded critical values; one audit sample was sent to the original participant, the second to the RL, and the third to a referee laboratory. When three criteria were used, the result discrepancy rates were 2.5-8.7% for potassium and 1.5-4.6% for cholesterol. The split-specimen design could be implemented and evaluated as a monitoring system for a portion of the testing process. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Stat & Publ Hlth Res Div, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Shahangian, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop G-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sns9@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 45 IS 2 BP 269 EP 280 PG 12 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 165AR UT WOS:000078496700017 PM 9931051 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Huff, DL Gunter, EW AF Pfeiffer, CM Huff, DL Gunter, EW TI Rapid and accurate HPLC assay for plasma total homocysteine and cysteine in a clinical laboratory setting SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID SERUM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 274 Z9 281 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 45 IS 2 BP 290 EP 292 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 165AR UT WOS:000078496700022 PM 9931056 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Mastroiacovo, P AF Botto, LD Mastroiacovo, P TI Gene-gene interactions and neural tube defects - Reply SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 55 IS 2 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 175BW UT WOS:000079072900017 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B AF Schwartz, B TI Preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial respiratory pathogens in industrialized countries: The case for judicious antimicrobial use SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Acute Respiratory Infections CY JUL 07-10, 1997 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP SmithKline Beecham, Commonwealth Serum Labs, Cochrane Collaborat Review Grp Acute Resp Infect, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth Australian Natl Univ ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; PNEUMOCOCCI; ANTIBIOTICS; CHILDREN AB The spread of antimicrobial resistance is an important emerging health threat in developed countries. Widespread outpatient antimicrobial use leads to the spread of resistance among community-acquired pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and partner organizations have initiated a national campaign promoting more judicious antimicrobial use to decrease the spread of resistance. The initial focus is to improve management of respiratory tract infections, which account for most outpatient antimicrobial use. Survey and focus group results indicate that patient pressure and suboptimal diagnosis and treatment contribute to antibiotic overuse. To educate physicians, a series of "principles of judicious antibiotic use" have been developed that identify optimal approaches to management of common respiratory infections. Patient education materials and strategies to improve doctor-patient communication also have been developed. Several studies currently under way will evaluate the impact of intervention on antibiotic use practices and resistant carriage or infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schwartz, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1086/515115 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 167DH UT WOS:000078617000008 PM 10064228 ER PT J AU Cegielski, JP Ortega, YR McKee, S Madden, JF Gaido, L Schwartz, DA Manji, K Jorgensen, AF Miller, SE Pulipaka, UP Msengi, AE Mwakyusa, DH Sterling, CR Reller, LB AF Cegielski, JP Ortega, YR McKee, S Madden, JF Gaido, L Schwartz, DA Manji, K Jorgensen, AF Miller, SE Pulipaka, UP Msengi, AE Mwakyusa, DH Sterling, CR Reller, LB TI Cryptosporidium, enterocytozoon, and cyclospora infections in pediatric and adult patients with diarrhea in Tanzania SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS PATIENTS; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; CAYETANENSIS INFECTION; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; PROLONGED DIARRHEA; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; FOREIGN RESIDENTS; ENTEROPATHIC AIDS AB Cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, and cyclosporiasis were studied in four groups of Tanzanian inpatients: adults with AIDS-associated diarrhea, children with chronic diarrhea (of whom 23 of 59 were positive [(+)] for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), children with acute diarrhea (of whom 15 of 55 were HIV+), and HIV- control children without diarrhea, Cryptosporidium was identified in specimens from 6/86 adults, 5/59 children with chronic diarrhea (3/5, HIV+), 7/55 children with acute diarrhea (0/7, HIV+), and 0/20 control children. Among children with acute diarrhea, 7/7 with cryptosporidiosis were malnourished, compared with 10/48 without cryptosporidiosis (P < .01). Enterocytozoon was identified in specimens from 3/86 adults, 2/59 children with chronic diarrhea (1 HIV+), 0/55 children with acute diarrhea, and 4/20 control children. All four controls were underweight (P < .01), Cyclospora was identified in specimens from one adult and one child with acute diarrhea (HIV-). Thus, Cryptosporidium was the most frequent and Cyclospora the least frequent pathogen identified. Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon were associated with malnutrition. Asymptomatic fecal shedding of Enterocytozoon in otherwise healthy, HIV- children has not been described previously. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Muhimbili Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Rigshosp, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Cegielski, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gzc2@cdc.gov NR 69 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1086/515131 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 167DH UT WOS:000078617000030 PM 10064250 ER PT J AU Talan, DA Moran, GJ Mower, WR Newdow, M Ong, S Slutsker, L Jarvis, WR Conn, LA Pinner, RW AF Talan, DA Moran, GJ Mower, WR Newdow, M Ong, S Slutsker, L Jarvis, WR Conn, LA Pinner, RW CA EMERGEncy ID NET Study Grp TI EMERGEncy ID NET: An emergency department-based emerging infections sentinel network SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Ctr Emergency Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Talan, DA (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr,North Annex, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 401 EP 402 DI 10.1086/517199 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 167DH UT WOS:000078617000041 PM 10064261 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A Knowler, WC Narayan, KMV Hanson, RL Saaddine, J Howard, BV AF Fagot-Campagna, A Knowler, WC Narayan, KMV Hanson, RL Saaddine, J Howard, BV TI HDL cholesterol subfractions and risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Pima Indians SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HEART-DISEASE; MELLITUS; LIPOPROTEINS; OBESITY; PLASMA; LEVEL; WOMEN; NIDDM AB OBJECTIVE - To examine the relationships between HDL cholesterol subfractions and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate potential sex differences in these relationships. RESEARCH DESIGN IND METHODS - Proportional hazards analyses were performed to examine the relationships between HDL subfractions and the development of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indian women and men. Results were controlled for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and 2-h glucose. RESULTS - Some 54 of 123 women and 25 of 50 men developed type 2 diabetes during a mean follow-up of 10 (2-19) years. For women, in separate models, high levels of total HDL, HDL2a, and HDL3 were negatively associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes; results were unchanged in models further controlled for fasting insulin level or alcohol consumption For men, the results were inconsistent and associated with wide confidence intervals; high total HDL and HDL3 were positively associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes in models further controlled for fasting insulin level, but the risk estimates were attenuated in models further controlled for alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS - High levels of total HDL, HDL2a, and HDL3 were potential protective factors against type 2 diabetes in women after accounting for alcohol consumption and insulin resistance. High levels of total HDL and HDL3 were predictive of type 2 diabetes in men; the relationship in men appeared to be due to an association with alcohol consumption. The sex differences in the effects of HDL cholesterol may be related to the effects of sex hormones or lipoproteins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Phoenix, AZ USA. Medlant Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Fagot-Campagna, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS-K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Hanson, Robert/O-3238-2015 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Hanson, Robert/0000-0002-4252-7068 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.2337/diacare.22.2.271 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 160DA UT WOS:000078214000014 PM 10333944 ER PT J AU Chen, KT Chen, CJ Fuh, MMT Narayan, KMV AF Chen, KT Chen, CJ Fuh, MMT Narayan, KMV TI Causes of death and associated factors among patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Taipei, Taiwan SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE diabetes; mortality; cardiopulmonary disease; Taiwan ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; MORTALITY-RATES; RISK-FACTORS; LONDON COHORT; NIDDM; POPULATION; PREDICTOR; OBESITY; MICROALBUMINURIA AB A cohort of 766 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) from a general teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan were followed prospectively to assess survival experience and associated risk factors. Data were abstracted from the medical records and additional information was obtained from patients or their closest relatives using a structured questionnaire. Date and cause of death were determined from death certificates. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated by the direct method. chi(2)-Square test and Cox's proportional hazard analysis were used to control for potential confounders. During a median follow-up of 3.5 years (range 1 month to 4.6 years), 131 deaths occurred. Of these, 29.8% were due to cardiopulmonary disease (ICD 401-429), 13.0% due to cerebrovascular disease (ICD 430-438), 13.0% due to acute diabetes metabolic complications (250.1, 250.2), and 11.4% due to nephropathy (580-589). Adjusted for age, people with NIDDM had 2.2 (95% CI 1.6-2.9) times the risk of death than members of the general population, and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios were: CPD 4.6, nephropathy 8.8, cerebrovascular disease 1.9, and neoplasm 0.7. Age, fasting plasma glucose, hypertension, and proteinuria were positively and independently associated with all-cause mortality (P < 0.05 for each). Thus, NIDDM patients have higher mortality rates than the general population in Taiwan, and age, fasting plasma glucose, hypertension, and proteinuria are associated with this excess risk. Proper application of available interventions may control these factors with a consequent reduction in mortality. Particular attention is needed to prevent deaths from the acute metabolic complications of diabetes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Hlth, Natl Inst Prevent Med, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Grad Inst Epidemiol, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl Def Med Ctr, Tri Serv Gen Hosp, Dept Med Res, Dept Med,Div Endocrinol & Metab, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control, Div Diabet Translat, NCCDPHP, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, KT (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Natl Inst Prevent Med, Field Epidemiol Training Program, 6-8F Lin Shen S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. EM fetpnet@ms1.hinet.net.tw RI Chen, Chien-Jen/C-6976-2008; Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 43 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0168-8227(98)00126-0 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 182RJ UT WOS:000079511700003 PM 10221662 ER PT J AU Sinks, T Jackson, RJ AF Sinks, T Jackson, RJ TI International study finds breast milk free of significant lead contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sinks, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 107 IS 2 BP A58 EP A59 DI 10.2307/3434349 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 170QA UT WOS:000078816500002 PM 10348625 ER PT J AU Falk, C Hanrahan, L Anderson, HA Kanarek, MS Draheim, L Needham, L Patterson, D AF Falk, C Hanrahan, L Anderson, HA Kanarek, MS Draheim, L Needham, L Patterson, D CA Great Lakes Consortium TI Body burden levels of dioxin, furans, and PCBs among frequent consumers of Great Lakes sport fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on the Effects of the Environment on Human Health in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence River Basins (Health Conference 97) CY MAY 12-15, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Chem Manufacturers Assoc, Environm Canada, GE Co, Indian & Nothern Affairs Canada, Int Joint Commiss, St Lawrence Vision 2000, US EPA DE Great Lakes fish consumption; dioxin; furan; polychlorinated biphenyl; serum ID CONSUMPTION; HEALTH; SERUM AB Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic, persist in the environment, and bioaccumulate to concentrations that can be harmful to humans. Sport anglers may be exposed to these residues via consumption of contaminated Great Lakes (GL) fish. The Health Departments of five GL states, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana, formed a consortium to study body burden levels of chemical residues in fish consumers of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. In Fall 1993, a telephone survey was administered to sport angler households to obtain fish consumption habits and demographics. A blood sample was obtained from a portion of the study subjects. One hundred serum samples were analyzed for 8 dioxin, 10 furan, and 4 coplanar PCB congeners. Multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the predictability of the following covariates: GL sport fish species, age, BMI, gender, years sport fish consumed, and lake. Of the 100 subjects, there were 58 men; 35 consumed sport fish from Lake Michigan, 29 from Lake Huron, and 36 from Lake Erie. The overall average number of GL sport fish meals consumed in the previous 12 months was 43. Lake Erie male and female consumers, on average, ate more GL sport fish, a mean of 57 and 42 meals, respectively, than men and women from the other two lake subgroups. Median total dioxin toxic equivalents (TEq), total furan TEq, and total coplanar PCB TEq were higher among all men than all women (P = 0.0001). Lake trout, salmon, age, BMI, and gender were significant regression predictors of log(total coplanar PCBs). Lake trout, age, gender, and lake were significant regression predictors of log(total furans). Age was the only significant predictor of total dioxin levels. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Environm Hlth, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Prevent Med, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Falk, C (reprint author), Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Bur Environm Hlth, 1414 E Washington Ave,Room 96, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 14 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 80 IS 2 BP S19 EP S25 DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3906 PN 2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180YU UT WOS:000079414100004 PM 10092416 ER PT J AU Johnson, BL Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT AF Johnson, BL Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT TI Key environmental human health issues in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River; public health; persistent toxic substances; health effects; at-risk populations; Great Lakes fish ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; GESTATIONAL-AGE; HERRING-GULLS; FISH; PCB; CONSUMPTION; REPRODUCTION; WILDLIFE AB In May 1997, Health Conference '97- Great Lakes/St. Lawrence, an international conference on the effects of the environment on human health in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins, was held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. This was the third international conference on this topic sponsored by agencies in the United States and Canada. More than 120 platform and poster presentations were given by scientists of different disciplines from the Great Lakes region and elsewhere. The presentations represented the most current research findings on the effects of the Great Lakes environment on human health. The reports covered environmental contaminant levels of persistent toxic substances (PTSs), routes and pathways of exposure, exposure assessment and human tissue levels of PTSs, human health outcomes, risk communication and assessment, and approaches to scientific collaboration. Reports indicate that levels of contaminants in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basins have generally declined since the 1970s, although certain contaminants have plateaued or slightly increased. The findings include elevated body burden levels of contaminants in persons who consume large amounts of some Great Lakes sport fish, developmental deficits and neurologic problems in children of some fish-consuming parents, nervous system dysfunction in adults, and disturbances in reproductive parameters. The findings underscore the need for better public health intervention strategies. (C) 1999 Academic Press . C1 Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson, BL (reprint author), Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 80 IS 2 BP S2 EP S12 DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3938 PN 2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180YU UT WOS:000079414100002 PM 10092414 ER PT J AU Johnson, BL De Rosa, CT AF Johnson, BL De Rosa, CT TI Public health implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; LEAD C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johnson, BL (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 80 IS 2 BP S246 EP S248 DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3948 PN 2 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180YU UT WOS:000079414100027 PM 10092439 ER PT J AU Miles-Richardson, SR Pierens, SL Nichols, KM Kramer, VJ Snyder, EM Snyder, SA Render, JA Fitzgerald, SD Giesy, JP AF Miles-Richardson, SR Pierens, SL Nichols, KM Kramer, VJ Snyder, EM Snyder, SA Render, JA Fitzgerald, SD Giesy, JP TI Effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylate on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on the Effects of the Environment on Human Health in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence River Basins (Health Conference 97) CY MAY 12-15, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Chem Manufacturers Assoc, Environm Canada, GE Co, Indian & Nothern Affairs Canada, Int Joint Commiss, St Lawrence Vision 2000, US EPA DE fish; Sertoli cells; testis; ovary; follicles ID ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; MALE CARP; CHEMICALS; RIVERS; TRANSFORMATION AB Fathead minnows were exposed to 4-nonylphenol (NP) or nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) to determine the effects of these weak estrogen agonists on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of sexually mature males and females during 42-day continuous-flow exposures. Neither NP nor NPEO caused statistically significant effects on tubercles or fat-pad size at the concentrations tested. Exposure to 1.1 or 3.4 mu g NP/L caused changes in the number and size of Sertoli cells and germ cell syncytia. Necrotic aggregates of various stages of germ cells in the spermatogenic sequence were observed in the testes of males exposed to NP. Electron microscopy of the testes of NP-exposed males revealed the presence of phagocytic cells in the lumina of seminiferous tubules. The cytoplasm of some Sertoli cells was distended with myelin figures and necrotic spermatozoa. No significant effects on the stages of follicular development were observed in females exposed to NP. There were no differences in the gonads or secondary sex characteristics of males or females exposed to 5.5 mu g NPEO/L, the greatest concentration studied. The histologic responses ob served are sensitive indicators of waterborne exposure to NP at environmentally relevant concentrations, but not as sensitive as induction of plasma vitellogenin. The secondary sex characteristics were not affected by concentrations of NP or NPEO as great as 3.4 or 5.5 mu g/L, respectively. Histologic responses occurred at concentrations that were less than the final chronic value based on survival and approximately the same as those required to cause effects on egg production. The histologic effects caused by NP were similar to, but not exactly the same as those caused by exposure of fathead minnows to 17 beta-estradiol. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Miles-Richardson, SR (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Stewart, Sue/D-1693-2009; Snyder, Shane/A-3302-2011 OI Snyder, Shane/0000-0003-2709-9840 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO4911, 5 T32 ESO7146] NR 58 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 80 IS 2 BP S122 EP S137 DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3945 PN 2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180YU UT WOS:000079414100014 PM 10092426 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Gerthoux, PM Patterson, DG Brambilla, P Smith, SJ Sampson, EJ Mocarelli, P AF Needham, LL Gerthoux, PM Patterson, DG Brambilla, P Smith, SJ Sampson, EJ Mocarelli, P TI Exposure assessment: Serum levels of TCDD in Seveso, Italy SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on the Effects of the Environment on Human Health in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence River Basins (Health Conference 97) CY MAY 12-15, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Chem Manufacturers Assoc, Environm Canada, GE Co, Indian & Nothern Affairs Canada, Int Joint Commiss, St Lawrence Vision 2000, US EPA ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN AB Accurate exposure assessment is an important step in both risk assessment and epidemiologic studies involving potential human exposure to environmental toxicants. Various methods have been used to assess human exposure. These methods include models based on one's temporal and spatial nearness to the source, environmental levels of toxicant, and biological measures. We believe that the latter measure is the "gold standard." In this article we present the serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin levels in residents of the contaminated zones in Seveso, Italy, in 1976, and delineate these data by age and gender. Some of these serum levels are among the highest ever reported and thus this population serves as a benchmark for comparison of human exposure and potential adverse health effects. One such potential population is that population consuming potentially contaminated fish. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Milan, Hosp Desio, Dept Clin Pathol, I-20033 Milan, Italy. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 80 IS 2 BP S200 EP S206 DI 10.1006/enrs.1998.3928 PN 2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 180YU UT WOS:000079414100022 PM 10092434 ER PT J AU Quick, RE Venczel, LV Mintz, ED Soleto, L Aparicio, J Gironaz, M Hutwagner, L Greene, K Bopp, C Maloney, K Chavez, D Sobsey, M Tauxe, RV AF Quick, RE Venczel, LV Mintz, ED Soleto, L Aparicio, J Gironaz, M Hutwagner, L Greene, K Bopp, C Maloney, K Chavez, D Sobsey, M Tauxe, RV TI Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DRINKING-WATER; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; INTERVENTIONS; CHLORINATION; HYGIENE; CAMPYLOBACTER; CONTAMINATION AB A novel water quality intervention that consists of point-of-use water disinfection, safe storage and community education was field tested in Bolivia. A total of 127 households in two periurban communities were randomized into intervention and control groups, surveyed and the intervention was distributed. Monthly water quality testing and weekly diarrhoea surveillance were conducted. Over a 5-month period, intervention households had 44 % fewer diarrhoea episodes than control households (P = 0.002), Infants < 1 year old (P = 0.05) and children 5-14 years old (P = 0.01) in intervention households had significantly less diarrhoea than control children. Campylobacter was less commonly isolated from intervention than control patients (P = 0.02). Stored water in intervention households was less contaminated with Escherichia coli than stored water in control households (P < 0.0001). Intervention households exhibited less E. coli contamination of stored water and less diarrhoea than control households. This promising new strategy may have broad applicability for waterborne disease prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Nacl Enfermedades Trop, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Villa Cochabamba Hlth Ctr, Montero, Bolivia. RP Quick, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, M-S A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 EI 1469-4409 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 122 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1017/S0950268898001782 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 176ZX UT WOS:000079183300012 PM 10098789 ER PT J AU Negro, F Krawczynski, K Quadri, R Rubbia-Brandt, L Mondelli, M Zarski, JP Hadengue, A AF Negro, F Krawczynski, K Quadri, R Rubbia-Brandt, L Mondelli, M Zarski, JP Hadengue, A TI Detection of genomic- and minus-strand of hepatitis C virus RNA in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients by strand-specific semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; INTERFERON-ALPHA; HCV INFECTION; IN-VIVO; VIREMIA; DISEASE; TRANSPLANTATION; CHIMPANZEES; EXPRESSION; GENOTYPE-1 AB Studies aimed at correlating the intrahepatic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA level and anatomo-clinical features have been difficult because of sensitivity and specificity shortcomings of available techniques. We titered the genomic- and minus-strand HCV RNAs by a strand-specific, semiquantitative, genotype-independent reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the liver tissue of 61 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Findings were correlated with the levels of HCV RNA in the serum, the HCV genotype, the expression of intrahepatic HCV antigens, the histological activity (using separate scores for the lobular and the portal/periportal necroinflammatory activity and for the fibrosis), and the response to interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) treatment. Genomic- and minus-strand HCV RNA were detected in 59 and 57 liver specimens, respectively. The HCV-RNA level in the serum correlated with the genomic-strand, but not with the minus-strand, HCV-RNA titer in the liver. No correlations were found between either strand of the intrahepatic HCV RNA and the level of expression of HCV antigens in the liver, or with the grading/staging of the underlying liver disease. The response to IFN-alpha treatment could be predicted by the serum HCV-RNA level and genotype, but not by the intrahepatic level of genomic- or minus-strand HCV RNA. These results suggest that, although the detection of the minus-strand HCV RNA reliably identifies the presence of replicating HCV in its target organ, the quantitative measurement of viremia remains the clinically meaningful "golden standard" for assessing the level of HCV replication. C1 Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Clin Pathol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pavia, Inst Infect Dis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Grenoble, Div Gastroenterol, Grenoble, France. RP Negro, F (reprint author), Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Rue Micheli du Crest 24, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. RI Negro, Francesco/E-2183-2012 NR 44 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 536 EP 542 DI 10.1002/hep.510290223 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 162FB UT WOS:000078333900029 PM 9918932 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, V Albers, JN Nottenburg, RN AF Ramakrishnan, V Albers, JN Nottenburg, RN TI Modified feedback ECL gate for Gb/s applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS LA English DT Article DE emitter-coupled logic (ECL); feedback emitter-coupled logic (FECL); optical receiver; single-ended-to-differential ID OPTICAL-DATA LINK; TECHNOLOGY; COMPARATOR; SYSTEMS; ARRAY AB This paper introduces a modification of the feedback emitter-coupled logic (FECL) gate that makes it suitable for Gb/s applications. The circuit can be used as a single-ended-to-differential signal converter without the need for an external reference voltage and finds application in digital optical links in which data is typically transmitted single ended. The gate is compared with FECL and ECL gates, and its application to realize logic functions is discussed. A 6-Gb/s series gated decision circuit and a 2-Gbaud/s four-channel optical receiver array employing modified FECL gates are also described. C1 Hewlett Packard Co, ICBD, CDC, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Multilink Technol GMBH, Bochum, Germany. Univ So Calif, High Speed Tecnol Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ramakrishnan, V (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Co, ICBD, CDC, 3500 Deer Creek Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9200 J9 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC JI IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit PD FEB PY 1999 VL 34 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1109/4.743775 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 162CK UT WOS:000078327700009 ER PT J AU Birkness, KA Deslauriers, M Bartlett, JH White, EH King, CH Quinn, FD AF Birkness, KA Deslauriers, M Bartlett, JH White, EH King, CH Quinn, FD TI An in vitro tissue culture bilayer model to examine early events in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; CELLS; VIRULENCE AB A tissue culture bilayer system that mimics some aspects of early alveolar infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis was developed. This model incorporates human lung epithelial type II pneumocyte (A549) (upper chamber) and endothelial cell (lower chamber) layers separated by a microporous membrane. This construction makes it possible to observe and quantify the passage of bacteria through the two layers, to observe the interaction of the bacteria with the various cell types, and to examine the basic mechanisms of immune cell recruitment to the site of infection. After 10(7) organisms were added to the upper chamber we microscopically observed large numbers of bacteria attached to and within the pneumocytes and we determined by viable-cell counting that a small percentage of the inoculum (0.02 to 0.43%) passed through the bilayer into the lower chamber. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were added to the lower chamber, microscopic examination indicated a migration of the mononuclear cells through the bilayer to the apical surface, where they were seen associated with the mycobacteria on the pneumocytes. The added complexity of the bilayer system offers an opportunity to define more precisely the roles of the various lung cell types in the pathogenesis of early tuberculosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Bldg 5,Rm B38,M-S G11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 67 IS 2 BP 653 EP 658 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 160VE UT WOS:000078251400026 PM 9916072 ER PT J AU Jochimsen, EM Fish, L Manning, K Young, S Singer, DA Baker, R Jarvis, WR AF Jochimsen, EM Fish, L Manning, K Young, S Singer, DA Baker, R Jarvis, WR TI Control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci at a community hospital: Efficacy of patient and staff cohorting SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; FAECIUM; GENTAMICIN; MORTALITY AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of patient and staff cohorting to control vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at an Indianapolis community hospital. DESIGN: To interrupt transmission of VRE, a VRE point-prevalence survey of hospital inpatients was conducted, and VRE-infected or colonized patients were cohorted on a single ward with dedicated nursing staff and patient-care equipment. To assess the impact of the intervention, staff compliance with contact isolation procedures was observed, and the VRE point-prevalence survey was repeated 2 months after the cohort ward was established. RESULTS: Following the establishment of the cohort ward, VRE prevalence among all hospitalized inpatients decreased from 8.1% to 4.7% (25 positive cultures among 310 patients compared to 13 positive cultures among 276 patients, P=.14); VRE prevalence among patients whose VRE status was unknown before cultures were obtained decreased from 5.9% to 0.8% (18 positive cultures among 303 patients compared to 2 positive cultures among 262 patients, P=.002); and observed staff-patient interactions compliant with published isolation recommendations increased (5 [22%] of 23 interactions compared to 36 [88%] of 41 interactions, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that, in hospitals with endemic VRE or continued VRE transmission despite implementation of contact isolation measures, establishing a VRE cohort ward may be a practical and effective method to improve compliance with infection control measures and thereby to control epidemic or endemic VRE transmission (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:106-109). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Community Hosp E, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Jochimsen, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 106 EP 109 DI 10.1086/501598 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 167AP UT WOS:000078610700010 PM 10064213 ER PT J AU Steingart, KR Thomas, AR Dykewicz, CA Redd, SC AF Steingart, KR Thomas, AR Dykewicz, CA Redd, SC TI Transmission of measles virus in healthcare settings during a communitywide outbreak SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARE WORKERS; MEDICAL SETTINGS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNITY; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINATION; EMPLOYEES AB OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of measles in medical settings and to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the 1989 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines for measles immunization in healthcare workers (HCWs). DESIGN: Confirmed cases of measles reported in Clark County, Washington, from March 14 to June 2, 1996, were analyzed for characteristics of cases occurring in medical settings. A questionnaire was used to assess employee immunization (95% response rate). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Reported measles cases and HCWs at community hospitals, primary-care medical facilities, a health-maintenance organization, and a multispecialty group practice. RESULTS: Of 31 cases of measles, 8 (26%) occurred in HCWs, and 5 (16%) occurred in patients or visitors to medical facilities. Cases of measles occurred in HCWs who were not required to have proof of measles immunity as defined by the 1989 ACIP guidelines. The relative risk of measles in HCWs compared to Clark County adults was 18.6 (95% confidence interval, 7.4-45.8; P<.001). A survey of medical facilities revealed that 47% had an employee measles immunization policy; only 21% met ACIP recommendations and enforced their policies. CONCLUSIONS: HCWs were at higher risk of measles than the adult population. Transmission of measles in medical set tings was related to both deficiencies in, and lack of implementation of, the ACIP guidelines (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:115-119). C1 SW Washington Hlth Dist, Vancouver, WA 98663 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director,TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects Div, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steingart, KR (reprint author), SW Washington Hlth Dist, 2000 Ft Vancouver Way, Vancouver, WA 98663 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1086/501595 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 167AP UT WOS:000078610700014 PM 10064215 ER PT J AU Duclos, P Redd, SC Varughese, P Hersh, BS AF Duclos, P Redd, SC Varughese, P Hersh, BS TI Measles in adults in Canada and the United States: Implications for measles elimination and eradication SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles; epidemiology; adults; Canada; United States ID SCHOOL POPULATION; OUTBREAK; CITY AB Background Despite the implementation of mass school catch-up campaigns for measles in Canada, an outbreak of measles occurred in early 1997 mostly affecting the adult population. The higher incidence in Canada in adults led us to compare immunization policies and the evolution of measles among adults in Canada and the US. Methods Based on information gathered from both national immunization programmes and surveillance systems. Results Although the proportion of cases occurring in adults has increased tremendously in both countries in the past decade, there was no increase in measles incidence in these populations. The most likely factors to explain the higher rate of measles occurring in adults in Canada are the younger age at administration of first dose in Canada, the delay in implementation of a second dose policy in Canada compared with the US combined with the lack of prematriculation immunization requirements in Canadian colleges and universities, and the higher rate of overseas travel to and from Canada. The situation in Canada may also have been exacerbated by incomplete efforts to control measles for many years without attempting to eliminate the disease. Conclusions In order to prevent measles in adults, high-risk groups must be identified and catch-up for selected groups considered. Vaccination of international travellers to endemic areas should be recommended until global elimination has been achieved. Appropriate measles control strategies in younger populations seem to be effective in preventing measles in adults. The experience in Canada and the US suggests that measles transmission in adults is unlikely to be a major impediment to regional elimination or global eradication. C1 Lab Ctr Dis Control, Bur Infect Dis, Div Immunizat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Special Program Vaccines & Immunizat, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Duclos, P (reprint author), Lab Ctr Dis Control, Bur Infect Dis, Div Immunizat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1093/ije/28.1.141 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 172QH UT WOS:000078935000023 PM 10195679 ER PT J AU Navin, TR Weber, R Vugia, DJ Rimland, D Roberts, JM Addiss, DG Visvesvara, GS Wahlquist, SP Hogan, SE Gallagher, LE Juranek, DD Schwartz, DA Wilcox, CM Stewart, JM Thompson, SE Bryan, RT AF Navin, TR Weber, R Vugia, DJ Rimland, D Roberts, JM Addiss, DG Visvesvara, GS Wahlquist, SP Hogan, SE Gallagher, LE Juranek, DD Schwartz, DA Wilcox, CM Stewart, JM Thompson, SE Bryan, RT TI Declining CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts are associated with increased risk of enteric parasitosis and chronic diarrhea: Results of a 3-year longitudinal study SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; intestinal disease, parasitic; diarrhea; risk factors; cryptosporidiosis; microspora infections; AIDS-related opportunistic infections ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; PREVALENCE; MANIFESTATIONS; CHILDREN; VIRUS; MEN AB From January 1991 through September 1994, we observed people who were infected with HIV to assess the impact of enteric parasite-associated diarrhea. Respondents answered comprehensive questionnaires covering clinical and epidemiologic information and provided stool specimens monthly, which were examined unstained as well as stained with trichrome, chromotrope 2R, and with Kinyoun carbol-fuchsin, and with indirect immunofluorescence for Cryptosporidium. In all, 602 participants, who were interviewed, provided stool specimens at 3254 monthly visits. Parasites were associated with 50 of 354 (14.1%) acute diarrheal episodes (lasting less than or equal to 28 days) and with 97 of 279 (34.8%) chronic episodes (lasting >228 days). A parasite was associated with 31 of 222 (14.0%) episodes that occurred when CD4(+) counts were greater than or equal to 200 cell/mu l and with 150 of 566 (26.5%) episodes that occurred when CD4(+) counts were <200 cells/mu l. The most commonly identified parasite was C parvum, which was associated with Is of 354 (5.1%) acute episodes and 36 (12.9%) of the 279 chronic episodes of diarrhea. In this patient population, enteric protozoan parasites were commonly associated with imunosuppression worsened, and were more likely to be associated with chronic rather than acute diarrhea. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Navin, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011 NR 23 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 163ET UT WOS:000078390800007 PM 10048902 ER PT J AU Scheer, S Douglas, JM Vittinghoff, E Bartholow, BN McKirnan, D Judson, FN MacQueen, KM Buchbinder, S AF Scheer, S Douglas, JM Vittinghoff, E Bartholow, BN McKirnan, D Judson, FN MacQueen, KM Buchbinder, S TI Feasibility and suitability of targeting young gay men for HIV vaccine efficacy trials SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE young gay men; HIV infection; vaccine trials; AIDS ID BISEXUAL MEN; RISK-TAKING; BEHAVIORS; SEROPREVALENCE; HEALTH; SEX AB We evaluated factors affecting the feasibility of including young high-risk HIV-negative gay and bisexual men in preventive HIV vaccine trials using data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaborative HIV Seroincidence Study. Of 2189 men enrolled in this study, 17% were <25 years of age. HIV seroincidence was 4.2/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-7.0) in young men compared with 2.0/100 person-years (95% CI, 1.4-2.6) for older men. Compared with men 25 and older, young men were more likely to report several high-risk behaviors, to perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV infection, and to report that their risk behavior might be increased by participation in an HIV vaccine trial. The majority of both young men (69%) and older men (74%) expressed willingness in participate in HIV vaccine trials. Young men were less likely to answer questions about vaccine concepts correctly and were more likely to be lost to follow-up. Young gay and bisexual men are important candidates for future HIV vaccine trials, but they may need targeted approaches to recruitment, retention, education about trial concepts prior to enrollment, and behavioral interventions during the trial. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Off, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Denver Dept Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Hosp, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Howard Brown Hlth Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scheer, S (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Off, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM susan_scheer@ccmlink.dph.sf.ca.us FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU900523-11, U64/CCU502714-07, U64/CCU802715-06] NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 172 EP 178 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 163ET UT WOS:000078390800010 PM 10048905 ER PT J AU Halcon, L Lifson, A Shew, M Joseph, M Hannan, P Hilk, R Hayman, C St Louis, M AF Halcon, L Lifson, A Shew, M Joseph, M Hannan, P Hilk, R Hayman, C St Louis, M TI Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-consistent Pap smears among socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescent females. SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Job Corps, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 1999 VL 24 IS 2 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 164ZK UT WOS:000078493300089 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Lindberg, LD Abma, J Sucoff, C Resnick, M AF Santelli, JS Lindberg, LD Abma, J Sucoff, C Resnick, M TI A comparison of estimates and trends in adolescent sexual behaviors in four nationally representative surveys. SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 1999 VL 24 IS 2 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 164ZK UT WOS:000078493300090 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Narayan, KMV Engelgau, MM AF Gregg, EW Narayan, KMV Engelgau, MM TI Evaluating diabetes health services interventions: True effects, changing tides, or moving targets? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Letter ID CARE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-68,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 84 IS 2 BP 820 EP 820 DI 10.1210/jc.84.2.820 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 164KW UT WOS:000078464000074 PM 10022462 ER PT J AU Moss, DM Croppo, GP Wallace, S Visvesvara, GS AF Moss, DM Croppo, GP Wallace, S Visvesvara, GS TI Flow cytometric analysis of microsporidia belonging to the genus Encephalitozoon SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI INFECTION; IN-VITRO; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; AIDS PATIENT; ATHYMIC MICE; CULTURE; INTESTINALIS AB Flow cytometry was used in the identification of human microsporidia belonging to the genus Encephalitozoon. Microsporidian spores of Encephalitozoon hellem, E. cuniculi, and E. intestinalis were propagated in axenic cultures of monkey kidney E6 cells, purified with Percoll, and exposed to homologous and heterologous rabbit antiserum and monoclonal antibody prepared against E. hellem spores. After reaction to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) or goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate, fluorescence histograms from gated data on light-scatter profiles showed that rabbit anti-E. hellem serum was reactive to E. hellem spores but also had cross-reactivity to spores of E. cuniculi and E. intestinalis. On the other hand, fluorescence histograms showed that rabbit anti-E cuniculi and rabbit anti-E. intestinalis sera were reactive with homologous spores only. Monoclonal antibody prepared against E. hellem reacted only with spores of E. hellem. Neither the polyclonal antibodies nor the monoclonal antibodies reacted with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Fluorescence histograms of spores treated with 10% formalin also showed reactivity, but the number of events in the most intense peaks of fluorescence was fewer (7 to 42%, depending on species) than the number of events in the most intense peaks of fluorescence for nontreated spores. By flow cytometry, formalin-treated and nontreated spores of Encephalitozoon were identified to the species lever by using gated data on Fight-scatter profiles and analyzing the fluorescence histograms from the indirect immunofluorescence of the spores. Once a procedure is established for the isolation of Encephalitozoon spores from clinical specimens, identification of spores by flow cytometry may be useful not only for diagnosis but also for epidemiologic studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Moss, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158UV UT WOS:000078136500017 PM 9889221 ER PT J AU Schmid, DS Brown, DR Nisenbaum, R Burke, RL Alexander, D Ashley, R Pellett, PE Reeves, WC AF Schmid, DS Brown, DR Nisenbaum, R Burke, RL Alexander, D Ashley, R Pellett, PE Reeves, WC TI Limits in reliability of glycoprotein G-based type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENITAL HERPES; DNA-SEQUENCE; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; WOMEN; IDENTIFICATION; RISK; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; AIDS AB Type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 based on glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) (HSV-1) and gG-2 (HSV-2) discriminate between antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2, We previously developed a Western blot assay using gG-1 and gG-2 expressed in baculovirus, performed extensive validation studies, and determined that it was both sensitive and specific for type-specific detection of HSV antibody. Here we report that, among a cohort of Thai military recruits, the serostatus of some individuals changed from positive to negative over time (6.6% among those ever positive for HSV-1, and 14.9% among those ever positive fur NSV-2). We tested a subset of these specimens in three other gG-based assays: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunoblot strip assay, and a Western blot assay. positive-to-negative shifts occurred in every assay; the frequency of the shifts ranged from 6.1% to 21.2% of the specimen sets tested. There was only limited agreement among the assays concerning which individuals lost reactivity, This inaccuracy, exhibited by all of the assay protocols, was not predicted by validation studies employing specimens from cross-sectional studies and was most pronounced in HSV-2 testing. This argues for the inclusion of serial blood specimens in serologic assay validation procedures. C1 CDC, NCID, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Klemm Anal Grp, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Chiron Corp, Chiron Vaccines, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), CDC, NCID, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSD-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 376 EP 379 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 158UV UT WOS:000078136500018 PM 9889222 ER PT J AU O'Campo, P Fogarty, L Gielen, AC Armstrong, K Bond, L Galavotti, C Green, BM AF O'Campo, P Fogarty, L Gielen, AC Armstrong, K Bond, L Galavotti, C Green, BM CA Prevent HIV Women Infants Demonstrat Projects TI Distribution along a stages-of-behavioral-change continuum for condom and contraceptive use among women accessed in different settings SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIV; AIDS AB The numbers of women of childbearing age in the US with HIV and AIDS from heterosexual transmission continues to rise. Behavioral interventions remain the best means of preventing transmission of HIV. Program planners often implement interventions to promote behavioral change in a wide range of settings such as family planning or sexually transmitted disease clinics, drug treatment facilities, or medical facilities that serve high risk and HIV positive women. Women recruited in different types of settings, however, may differ with respect to their experience with, attitudes toward, and willingness to use condoms and contraception. Such differences should be considered when tailoring interventions to the populations being served. We examined the readiness to use condoms and contraception among 3784 women in four cities recruited in three different types of settings: community, facilities not targeted to HIV positive women and medical facilities for HIV positive populations. Readiness to use condoms or contraception was measured using The Transtheoretical Model of Change. Women reported being in different stages along the continuum of condom and contraceptive use in the three settings. A greater proportion of women in the HIV-facility, 45%, had used condoms consistently for the previous 6 months compared to women in the other two settings (12% and 11%). Similarly variation across settings was seen for contemplation of consistent contraceptive use to prevent unintended pregnancies. The variability in the distribution of condom and contraceptive use across settings underscores the importance of assessing the readiness for the behavior change and designing interventions that meet the specific needs of the populations being served. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Family Planning Council Inc, Philadelphia, PA USA. Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Campo, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, 624 N Braodway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU PHS HHS [U65/CCU306934] NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD FEB PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1023/A:1018717332308 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 166NE UT WOS:000078582300005 PM 10036648 ER PT J AU Shapiro, R Ackers, ML Lance, S Rabbani, M Schaefer, L Daugherty, J Thelen, C Swerdlow, D AF Shapiro, R Ackers, ML Lance, S Rabbani, M Schaefer, L Daugherty, J Thelen, C Swerdlow, D TI Salmonella Thompson associated with improper handling of roast beef at a restaurant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB In October 1996, we investigated an outbreak of Salmonella serotype Thompson infections associated with Restaurant A in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and conducted two cohort studies among persons who ate at luncheons catered by Restaurant A. Fifty-two Salmonella Thompson infections were identified between 29 September and 14 October 1996. Infections occurred among employees and patrons at Restaurant A and among attendees at three luncheons catered by the restaurant on 7 October. Roast beef cooked at Restaurant A was the only food item significantly associated with illness. Cooking times and storage temperatures for roast beef were inadequate to prevent multiplication of Salmonella, and the chefs were unaware of proper cooking and storage temperatures. We conclude that improper handling of roast beef probably caused this outbreak of Salmonella Thompson infections. Better knowledge of food safety practices by the cooking staff at Restaurant A, through required food safety education, might have prevented the outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Sioux Falls City Hlth Dept, Sioux Falls, SD 57101 USA. RP Shapiro, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2 BP 118 EP 122 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 166LE UT WOS:000078577200005 PM 10030628 ER PT J AU Peters, CJ LeDuc, JW AF Peters, CJ LeDuc, JW TI An introduction to Ebola: The virus and the disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MARBURG-VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RHESUS-MONKEYS; FILOVIRUS; ZAIRE; STRAIN; GABON; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peters, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop A-26,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 103 TC 78 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 47 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP IX EP XVI PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300001 PM 9988154 ER PT J AU Robinson, DA Turner, JS Facklam, RR Parkinson, AJ Breiman, RF Gratten, M Steinhoff, MC Hollingshead, SK Briles, DE Crain, MJ AF Robinson, DA Turner, JS Facklam, RR Parkinson, AJ Breiman, RF Gratten, M Steinhoff, MC Hollingshead, SK Briles, DE Crain, MJ TI Molecular characterization of a globally distributed lineage of serotype 12F Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID PENICILLIN-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; MULTIRESISTANT CLONE; UNITED-STATES; DNA; CHILDREN; STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINE; IDENTIFICATION AB These studies have identified a major genetic lineage of capsule serotype 12F Streptococcus pneumoniae, which has maintained two different types of the pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) virulence factor and caused invasive disease in geographically disjoint locations. Twenty outbreak strains from a Texas jail and Maryland day care center and 16 reference strains from Texas, Maryland, Washington, Michigan, Oklahoma, Missouri, Alaska, and Australia were examined. Although the Texas and Maryland outbreak strains were indistinguishable by IS1167 and boxA genotyping procedures, all strains examined were members of a genetically similar lineage. The microevolutionary history of pspA differed from that of the overall genetic background of the strains. Taken together, these findings suggested that the Texas and Maryland outbreaks were caused by different clones of a major genetic lineage of serotype 12F pneumococci, within which at least one PspA has been acquired via localized genetic recombination. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Comparat Med, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Queensland Hlth Dept, Lab Microbiol & Pathol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Crain, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, 6556 Childrens Hosp Towers,1600 7th Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-21548] NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 IS 2 BP 414 EP 422 DI 10.1086/314589 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162QB UT WOS:000078357300016 PM 9878026 ER PT J AU Do, AN Ray, BJ Banerjee, SN Illian, AE Barnett, BJ Pham, MH Hendricks, KA Jarvis, WR AF Do, AN Ray, BJ Banerjee, SN Illian, AE Barnett, BJ Pham, MH Hendricks, KA Jarvis, WR TI Bloodstream infection associated with needleless device use and the importance of infection-control practices in the home health care setting SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; BLOOD; COLONIZATION; OUTBREAK; CULTURES; THERAPY; SYSTEM; SEPSIS; HUB AB The influence of infection-control practices on bloodstream infection (BSI) risk was examined in a home health care setting in which three needleless devices were used consecutively. A case-control study and a retrospective cohort study were conducted. Risk factors for BSI included lower education level, younger age, having a central venous catheter (CVC) with multiple ports, or having a tunneled CVC. Among patients with a tunneled CVC, those at greatest risk had been allowed to shower rather than bathe and to get their exit site wet (P < .01). A high proportion (49%) of isolates were hydrophilic gram-negative bacteria, suggesting water sources of infection. In the cohort study, the BSI rate decreased as the frequency of changing the needleless device end cap increased from once weekly up to every 2 days, suggesting that the mechanism for BSI may involve contamination from the end cap. These findings may help to develop infection-control measures specific to home health care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Coram Healthcare, Houston, TX USA. St Lukes Episcopal Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wrj1@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 IS 2 BP 442 EP 448 DI 10.1086/314592 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162QB UT WOS:000078357300019 PM 9878029 ER PT J AU Hajjeh, RA Conn, LA Stephens, DS Baughman, W Hamill, R Graviss, E Pappas, PG Thomas, C Reingold, A Rothrock, G Hutwagner, LC Schuchat, A Brandt, ME Pinner, RW AF Hajjeh, RA Conn, LA Stephens, DS Baughman, W Hamill, R Graviss, E Pappas, PG Thomas, C Reingold, A Rothrock, G Hutwagner, LC Schuchat, A Brandt, ME Pinner, RW CA Cryptococcal Active Surveillance Grp TI Cryptococcosis: Population-based multistate active surveillance and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA ID UNITED-STATES; NEOFORMANS; MENINGITIS; FLUCONAZOLE; PREVENTION AB To determine the incidence of cryptococcosis and its risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, population-based active surveillance was conducted in four US areas (population, 12.5 million) during 1992-1994, and a case-control study was done. Of 1083 cases, 931 (86%) occurred in HIV-infected persons, The annual incidence of cryptococcosis per 1000 among persons living with AIDS ranged from 17 (San Francisco, 1994) to 66 (Atlanta, 1992) and decreased significantly in these cities during 1992-1994, Among non-HIV-infected persons, the annual incidence of cryptococcosis ranged from 0.2 to 0.9/100,000. Multivariate analysis of the case-control study (158 cases and 423 controls) revealed smoking and outdoor occupations to be significantly associated with an increased risk of cryptococcosis; receiving fluconazole within 3 months before enrollment was associated with a decreased risk for cryptococcosis. Further studies are needed to better describe persons with AIDS currently developing cryptococcosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rfh5@cdc.gov RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 19 TC 168 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 IS 2 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.1086/314606 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162QB UT WOS:000078357300020 PM 9878030 ER PT J AU Tsai, TF Kollaritsch, H Que, JU Cropp, CB Kunz, C Wiedermann, G Herzog, C Cryz, SJ AF Tsai, TF Kollaritsch, H Que, JU Cropp, CB Kunz, C Wiedermann, G Herzog, C Cryz, SJ TI Compatible concurrent administration of yellow fever 17D vaccine with oral, live, attenuated cholera CVD103-HgR and typhoid Ty21a vaccines SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; TRIAL C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Virol, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Inst Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. Swiss Serum & Vaccine Inst, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland. RP Tsai, TF (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Foothills Campus,POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 IS 2 BP 522 EP 524 DI 10.1086/314609 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162QB UT WOS:000078357300034 PM 9878043 ER PT J AU Breman, JG Johnson, KM van der Groen, G Robbins, CB Szczeniowski, MV Ruti, K Webb, PA Meier, F Heymann, DL AF Breman, JG Johnson, KM van der Groen, G Robbins, CB Szczeniowski, MV Ruti, K Webb, PA Meier, F Heymann, DL CA Ebola Virus Study Teams TI A search for Ebola virus in animals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon: Ecologic, virologic, and serologic surveys, 1979-1980 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONKEYPOX VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; RNA AB More than 30 years after the first outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Germany and Yugoslavia and 20 years after Ebola hemorrhagic fever first occurred in central Africa, the natural history of filoviruses remains unknown. In 1979 and 1980, animals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon were collected during the dry season near the site of the 1976 Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic, The study objectives were to identify local animals and search for evidence of Ebola virus in their tissues. A total of 1664 animals representing 117 species was collected, including >400 bats and 500 rodents, Vero and CV-1 cells and IFA and RIA were used for virus and antibody detection, respectively, No evidence of Ebola virus infection was found. This study was limited in time and animal collections and excluded insects and plants. Long-term, prospective, multidisciplinary comparative studies will yield more information than will repeat short forays on the ecology of filoviruses. C1 WHO, Smallpox Eradicat Unit, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Museum Nat Hist, Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Viral Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. WHO, Kinshasa, Zaire. Minist Publ Hlth, Programme Elargi Vaccinat, Kinshasa, Zaire. Org Lutte Endemies Afrique Cent, Yaounde, Cameroon. Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Pittsburgh, PA USA. SW Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO 65802 USA. Catholic Mission Diocese Doume, Mouloundou, Cameroon. RP Breman, JG (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Inst Ctr, Bldg 31,Room B2C39,31 Ctr Dr,MSC 2220, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jbreman@nih.gov NR 30 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S139 EP S147 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300024 PM 9988177 ER PT J AU Busico, KM Marshall, KL Ksiazek, TG Roels, TH Fleerackers, Y Feldmann, H Khan, AS Peters, CJ AF Busico, KM Marshall, KL Ksiazek, TG Roels, TH Fleerackers, Y Feldmann, H Khan, AS Peters, CJ TI Prevalence of IgG antibodies to Ebola virus in individuals during an Ebola outbreak, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; EQUATORIAL AFRICA AB During the 1995 outbreak of Ebola (EBO) hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of Congo, two surveys using a new ELISA for EBO (subtype Zaire) virus antigen were conducted to assess the prevalence of EBO IgG antibodies among residents of Kikwit and the surrounding area. The first study determined the proportion of antibody-positive individuals who were self-identified forest and city workers from the Kikwit area. Serum samples from 9 (2.2%) of 414 workers had IgG EBO antibodies, The second study determined the proportion of EBO antibody-positive individuals who lived in villages surrounding Kikwit. The prevalence of IgG EBO antibodies in this population was 9.3% (15/161). The difference in the overall prevalence of EBO antibodies may indicate that villagers have a greater chance of exposure to EBO virus compared with those living in and in close proximity to cities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Trop Med, Dept Clin Sci, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Marburg, Inst Virol, Marburg, Germany. RP Busico, KM (reprint author), CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop A26,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S102 EP S107 DI 10.1086/514309 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300019 PM 9988172 ER PT J AU Bwaka, MA Bonnet, MJ Calain, P Colebunders, R De Roo, A Guimard, Y Katwiki, KR Kibadi, K Kipasa, MA Kuvula, KJ Mapanda, BB Massamba, M Mupapa, KD Muyembe-Tamfum, JJ Ndaberey, E Peters, CJ Rollin, PE Van den Enden, E AF Bwaka, MA Bonnet, MJ Calain, P Colebunders, R De Roo, A Guimard, Y Katwiki, KR Kibadi, K Kipasa, MA Kuvula, KJ Mapanda, BB Massamba, M Mupapa, KD Muyembe-Tamfum, JJ Ndaberey, E Peters, CJ Rollin, PE Van den Enden, E TI Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Clinical observations in 103 patients SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-DISEASE; MONKEYS; INFECTION AB During the 1995 outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a series of 103 cases (one-third of the total number of cases) had clinical symptoms and signs accurately recorded by medical workers, mainly in the setting of the urban hospital in Kikwit. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed retrospectively in cases for which serum samples were available (n = 63, 61% of the cases). The disease began unspecifically with fever, asthenia, diarrhea, headaches, myalgia, arthralgia, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Early inconsistent signs and symptoms included conjunctival injection, sore throat, and rash. Overall, bleeding signs were observed in <45% of the cases. Typically, terminally ill patients presented with obtundation, anuria, shock, tachypnea, and normothermia. Late manifestations, most frequently arthralgia and ocular diseases, occurred in convalescent patients. This series is the most extensive number of cases of Ebola hemorrhagic fever observed during an outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clin Univ, Kinshasa, Zaire. Univ Kinshasa, Fac Med, Kinshasa, Zaire. Minist Sante Publ, Kinshasa, Congo. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pyr3@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 195 Z9 206 U1 4 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S1 EP S7 DI 10.1086/514308 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300002 PM 9988155 ER PT J AU DeMarcus, TA Tipple, MA Ostrowski, SR AF DeMarcus, TA Tipple, MA Ostrowski, SR TI US policy for disease control among imported nonhuman primates SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 1990, in response to the occurrence of Ebola virus (subsequently identified as subtype Reston) infection among cynomolgus monkeys imported from the Philippines, the United States implemented strict disease control measures for handling nonhuman primates during transit and quarantine and initiated importer facility compliance inspections. Disease control measures emphasized protection of workers from exposure, use of containment facilities and procedures, measures to prevent spread of infection among animals, and laboratory testing of animals that die or become ill during quarantine. From 1991-1995, no outbreaks of filovirus infection occurred, and only one other disease outbreak (caused by Mycobacterium species) was recognized. In April 1996, Ebola virus (subtype Reston) infection was identified in another group of cynomolgus monkeys imported from the Philippines. The disease control measures implemented since the first Ebola virus (subtype Reston) outbreak appeared to work well. Currently, the 27 registered importer facilities import similar to 8500 nonhuman primates annually, and mortality rates are <1.0%, Importer facilities receive regular inspections, and compliance with disease control measures and disease reporting is excellent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DeMarcus, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S281 EP S282 DI 10.1086/514279 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300043 PM 9988196 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Mukunu, R Ksiazek, TG Khan, AS Rollin, PE Peters, CJ AF Dowell, SF Mukunu, R Ksiazek, TG Khan, AS Rollin, PE Peters, CJ CA Commission Lutte Epidemies Kikwit TI Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: A study of risk factors in family members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-22, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID VIRUS; MONKEYS AB The surviving members of 27 households in which someone had been infected with Ebola virus were interviewed in order to define the modes of transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF). Of 173 household contacts of the primary cases, 28 (16%) developed EHF. All secondary cases had direct physical contact with the ill person (rate ratio [RR], undefined; P < .001), and among those with direct contact, exposure to body fluids conferred additional risk (RR, 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-6.8). After adjusting for direct contact and exposure to body fluids, adult family members, those who touched the cadaver, and those who were exposed during the late hospital phase were at additional risk. None of the 78 household members who had no physical contact with the case during the clinical illness were infected (upper 95% CI, 4%). EHF is transmitted principally by direct physical contact with an ill person or their body fluids during the later stages of illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kikwit Gen Hosp, Kikwit, Congo. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SFD2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 174 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S87 EP S91 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300016 PM 9988169 ER PT J AU Guimard, Y Bwaka, MA Colebunders, R Calain, P Massamba, M De Roo, A Mupapa, KD Kibadi, K Kuvula, KJ Ndaberey, DE Katwiki, KR Mapanda, BB Nkuku, OB Fleerackers, Y Van den Enden, E Kipasa, MA AF Guimard, Y Bwaka, MA Colebunders, R Calain, P Massamba, M De Roo, A Mupapa, KD Kibadi, K Kuvula, KJ Ndaberey, DE Katwiki, KR Mapanda, BB Nkuku, OB Fleerackers, Y Van den Enden, E Kipasa, MA TI Organization of patient care during the Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In contrast with procedures in previous Ebola outbreaks, patient care during the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, was centralized for a large number of patients. On 4 May, before the diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) was confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an isolation ward was created at Kikwit General Hospital. On 11 May, an international scientific and technical committee established as a priority the improvement of hygienic conditions in the hospital and the protection of health care workers and family members; to this end, protective equipment was distributed and barrier-nursing techniques were implemented. For patients living far from Kikwit, home care was organized. Initially, hospitalized patients were given only oral treatments; however, toward the end of the epidemic, infusions and better nutritional support were given, and 8 patients received blood from convalescent EHF patients. Only 1 of the transfusion patients died (12.5%). It is expected that with improved medical care, the case fatality rate of EHF could be reduced. C1 Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Kikwit Gen Hosp, Kikwit, Congo. Minist Hlth, Kikwit, Congo. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Colebunders, R (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. EM bcoleb@itg.bc NR 14 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S268 EP S273 DI 10.1086/514315 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300041 PM 9988194 ER PT J AU Jahrling, PB Geisbert, TW Geisbert, JB Swearengen, JR Bray, M Jaax, NK Huggins, JW LeDuc, JW Peters, CJ AF Jahrling, PB Geisbert, TW Geisbert, JB Swearengen, JR Bray, M Jaax, NK Huggins, JW LeDuc, JW Peters, CJ TI Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-alpha 2b for treatment of experimental Ebola virus infections SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PASSIVE ANTIBODY THERAPY; LASSA FEVER; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; RIBAVIRIN THERAPY; PROPHYLAXIS; SERUM; ASSOCIATION; EFFICACY; PLASMA AB A passive immunization strategy for treating Ebola virus infections was evaluated using BALB/c mice, strain 13 guinea pigs, and cynomolgus monkeys. Guinea pigs were completely protected by injection of hyperimmune equine IgG when treatment was initiated early but not after viremia had developed. In contrast, mice were incompletely protected even when treatment was initiated on day 0, the day of virus inoculation. In monkeys treated with one dose of IgG on day 0, onset of illness and viremia was delayed, but all treated animals died. A second dose of IgG on day 5 had no additional beneficial effect. Pretreatment of monkeys delayed onset of viremia and delayed death several additional days. Interferon-alpha 2b (2 x 10(7) IU/kg/day) had a similar effect in monkeys, delaying viremia and death by only several days. Effective treatment of Ebola infections may require a combination of drugs that inhibit viral replication in monocyte/macrophage-like cells while reversing the pathologic effects (e.g., coagulopathy) consequent to this replication. C1 USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USAMRID, Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM PBJ@Detrck.Army.Mil NR 37 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S224 EP S234 DI 10.1086/514310 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300035 PM 9988188 ER PT J AU Jezek, Z Szczeniowski, MY Muyembe-Tamfum, JJ McCormick, JB Heymann, DL AF Jezek, Z Szczeniowski, MY Muyembe-Tamfum, JJ McCormick, JB Heymann, DL TI Ebola between outbreaks: Intensified Ebola hemorrhagic fever surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1981-1985 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB Surveillance for Ebola hemorrhagic fever was conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1981 to 1985 to estimate the incidence of human infection. Persons who met the criteria of one of three different case definitions were clinically evaluated, and blood was obtained for antibody confirmation by IFA. Contacts of each case and 4 age- and sex-matched controls were also clinically examined and tested for immunofluorescent antibody. Twenty-one cases of Ebola infection (persons with an antibody titer of greater than or equal to 1:64, or lower if they fit the clinical case definition) were identified, with a maximum 1-year incidence of 9 and a case fatality rate of 43%. Cases occurred throughout the year, but most (48%) occurred early in the rainy season. Fifteen percent of contacts had antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:64 to Ebola virus, compared with 1% of controls (P < .0001). Results suggest that Ebola virus periodically emerges from nature to infect humans, that person-to-person transmission is relatively limited, and that amplification to large epidemics is unusual. C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Minist Hlth, Kinshasa, Zaire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Heymann, DL (reprint author), WHO, Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S60 EP S64 DI 10.1086/514295 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300013 PM 9988166 ER PT J AU Kalongi, Y Mwanza, K Tshisuaka, M Lusiama, N Ntando, E Kanzake, L Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Lloyd, ES Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE AF Kalongi, Y Mwanza, K Tshisuaka, M Lusiama, N Ntando, E Kanzake, L Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Lloyd, ES Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE TI Isolated case of Ebola hemorrhagic fever with mucormycosis complications, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB A patient with undiagnosed Ebola (EBO) hemorrhagic fever (EHF) was transferred from Kikwit to a private clinic in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, A diagnosis of EHF was suspected on clinical grounds and was confirmed by detection of EBO virus-specific IgM and IgG in serum of the patient. During the course of the disease, although she had no known predisposing factors, the patient developed a periorbital mucormycosis abscess on eyelid tissue that was biopsied during surgical drainage; the abscess was histologically confirmed. Presence of EBO antigen was also detected by specific immunohistochemistry on the biopsied tissue. The patient survived the EBO infection but had severe sequelae associated with the mucormycosis, Standard barrier-nursing precautions were taken upon admission and upgraded when EHF was suspected; there was no secondary transmission of the disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clin Bondeko, Kinshasa, Congo. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, Special Pathogens Branch, MS G-14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PYR3@CDC.GOV NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S15 EP S17 DI 10.1086/514301 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300006 PM 9988159 ER PT J AU Khan, AS Tshioko, FK Heymann, DL Le Guenno, B Nabeth, P Kerstiens, B Fleerackers, Y Kilmarx, PH Rodier, GR Nkuku, O Rollin, PE Sanchez, A Zaki, SR Swanepoel, R Tomori, O Nichol, ST Peters, CJ Muyembe-Tamfum, JJ Ksiazek, TG AF Khan, AS Tshioko, FK Heymann, DL Le Guenno, B Nabeth, P Kerstiens, B Fleerackers, Y Kilmarx, PH Rodier, GR Nkuku, O Rollin, PE Sanchez, A Zaki, SR Swanepoel, R Tomori, O Nichol, ST Peters, CJ Muyembe-Tamfum, JJ Ksiazek, TG CA Commission Luttek Epidemies Kikwit TI The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; VIRUS; ZAIRE; DISEASE; STRAIN AB In May 1995, an international team characterized and contained an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Active surveillance was instituted using several methods, including house-to-house search, review of hospital and dispensary logs, interview of health care personnel, retrospective contact tracing, and direct follow-up of suspect cases. In the field, a clinical case was defined as fever and hemorrhagic signs, fever plus contact with a case-patient, or fever plus at least 3 of 10 symptoms. A total of 315 cases of EHF, with an 81% case fatality, were identified, excluding 10 clinical cases with negative laboratory results. The earliest documented case-patient had onset on 6 January, and the last case-patient died on 16 July. Eighty cases (25%) occurred among health care workers. Two individuals may have been the source of infection for >50 cases. The outbreak was terminated by the initiation of barrier-nursing techniques, health education efforts, and rapid identification of cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Sepcial Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Kinshasa, Zaire. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. Epictr, Paris, France. Med Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Dept Hlth, Natl Inst Virol, Special Pathogens Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, MS A26,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 213 Z9 225 U1 1 U2 42 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S76 EP S86 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300015 PM 9988168 ER PT J AU Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Williams, AJ Bressler, DS Martin, ML Swanepoel, R Burt, FJ Leman, PA Khan, AS Rowe, AK Mukunu, R Sanchez, A Peters, CJ AF Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Williams, AJ Bressler, DS Martin, ML Swanepoel, R Burt, FJ Leman, PA Khan, AS Rowe, AK Mukunu, R Sanchez, A Peters, CJ TI Clinical virology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF): Virus, virus antigen, and IgG and IgM antibody findings among EHF patients in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) patients treated at Kikwit General Hospital during the 1995 outbreak were tested for viral antigen, IgG and IgM antibody, and infectious virus. Viral antigen could be detected in virtually all patients during the acute phase of illness, while antibody was not always detectable before death. Virus was also isolated from patients during the course of their febrile illness, but attempts to quantify virus in Vero E6 cells by standard plaque assay were often unsuccessful. IgG and IgM antibody appeared at approximately the same time after disease onset (8-10 days), but IgM persisted for a much shorter period among the surviving convalescent patients. IgG antibody was detectable in surviving patients through about 2 years after onset, the latest time that samples were obtained, Detection of Ebola virus antigens or virus isolation appears to be the most reliable means of diagnosis for patients with suspected acute EHF, since patients with this often-fatal disease (80% mortality) may not develop detectable antibodies before death. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Virol, Special Pahtogens Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. Minist Hlth, Kinshasa, Zaire. RP Ksiazek, TG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 190 Z9 204 U1 2 U2 34 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S177 EP S187 DI 10.1086/514321 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300029 PM 9988182 ER PT J AU Ksiazek, TG West, CP Rollin, PE Jahrling, PB Peters, CJ AF Ksiazek, TG West, CP Rollin, PE Jahrling, PB Peters, CJ TI ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUSES; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; ANTIGENS; PRIMATES; MARBURG AB EIAs for Ige and IgM antibodies directed against Ebola (EBO) viral antigens have been developed and evaluated using sera of animals and humans surviving infection with EBO viruses. The IgM capture assay detected anti-EBO (subtype Reston) antibodies in the sera of 5 of 5 experimentally infected animals at the time they succumbed to lethal infections. IgM antibodies were also detected in the serum of a human who was infected with EBO (subtype Reston) during a postmortem examination of an infected monkey. The antibody was detectable as early as day 6 after infection in experimentally infected animals and persisted for <90 days. The IgG response was less rapid; however, it persisted for >400 days in 3 animals who survived infection, and it persisted for similar to 10 years after infection in the sera of 2 humans. Although these data are limited by the number of sera available for verification, the IgM assay seems to have great promise as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore the long-term persistence of the IgG antibodies measured by this test strongly suggests that the ELISA will be useful in field investigations of EBO virus. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Dis Assessment, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Microbiol Associates Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Ksiazek, TG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, DVRD, NCID, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 111 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 30 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S192 EP S198 DI 10.1086/514313 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300031 PM 9988184 ER PT J AU Leirs, H Mills, JN Krebs, JW Childs, JE Akaibe, D Woollen, N Ludwig, G Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Leirs, H Mills, JN Krebs, JW Childs, JE Akaibe, D Woollen, N Ludwig, G Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG TI Search for the Ebola virus reservoir in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Reflections on a vertebrate collection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; INOCULATION; COMPLEX; AFRICA AB A 3-month ecologic investigation was done to identify the reservoir of Ebola virus following the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Efforts focused on the fields where the putative primary case had worked but included other habitats near Kikwit, Samples were collected from 3066 vertebrates and tested for the presence of antibodies to Ebola (subtype Zaire) virus: All tests were negative, and attempts to isolate Ebola virus were unsuccessful. The investigation was hampered by a lack of information beyond the daily activities of the primary case, a lack of information on Ebola virus ecology, which precluded the detailed study of select groups of animals, and sample-size limitations for rare species, The epidemiology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever suggests that humans have only intermittent contact with the virus, which complicates selection of target species. Further study of the epidemiology of human outbreaks to further define the environmental contact of primary cases would be of great value. C1 Danish Pest Infestat Lab, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kisangani, Kisangani, Congo. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, DVRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, DVBID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rennes, Rennes, France. Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Royal Museum Cent Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. Inst Super Pedag Gombe, Dept Biol, Kinshasa, Zaire. Inst Pedag Natl, Dept Biol, Kinshasa, Zaire. CDC, DVRD, Special Pathogens Branch, Guinea Field Stn, Kindia, Guinea. York Univ, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Leirs, H (reprint author), Danish Pest Infestat Lab, Skovbrynet 14, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM h.leirs@ssl.dk RI Leirs, Herwig/B-8197-2008; Childs, James/B-4002-2012 OI Leirs, Herwig/0000-0002-7612-5024; NR 27 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S155 EP S163 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300026 PM 9988179 ER PT J AU Lloyd, ES Zaki, SR Rollin, PE Tshioko, K Bwaka, MA Ksiazek, TG Calain, P Shieh, WJ Konde, MK Verchueren, E Perry, HN Manguindula, L Kabwau, J Ndambi, R Peters, CJ AF Lloyd, ES Zaki, SR Rollin, PE Tshioko, K Bwaka, MA Ksiazek, TG Calain, P Shieh, WJ Konde, MK Verchueren, E Perry, HN Manguindula, L Kabwau, J Ndambi, R Peters, CJ TI Long-term disease surveillance in Bandundu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A model for early detection and prevention of Ebola hemorrhagic fever SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; ZAIRE; MONKEYS AB After the large-scale outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Bandundu region, Democratic Republic of the Congo, a program was developed to help detect and prevent future outbreaks of EHF in the region. The long-term surveillance and prevention strategy is based on early recognition by physicians, immediate initiation of enhanced barrier-nursing practices, and the use of an immunohistochemical diagnostic test performed on formalin-fixed skin specimens of patients who die of suspected viral hemorrhagic fever. The program was implemented in September 1995 during a 4-day workshop with 28 local physicians representing 17 of 22 health zones in the region, Specimen collection kits were distributed to clinics in participating health zones, and a follow-up evaluation was conducted after 6 months. The use of a formalin-fixed skin specimen for laboratory confirmation of EHF can provide an appropriate method for EHF surveillance when linked with physician training, use of viral hemorrhagic fever isolation precautions, and follow-up investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Speical Pathogens Branch, NCID, DVRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Kinshasa, Zaire. US Agcy Int Dev, Kinshasa, Zaire. Minist Hlth, Kinshasa, Zaire. Hop Gen Reference Kikwit, Kikwit, Congo. Mosango Mission Hosp, Mosango, Congo. Medecins Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Speical Pathogens Branch, NCID, DVRD, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pyr3@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S274 EP S280 DI 10.1086/514312 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300042 PM 9988195 ER PT J AU Maruyama, T Parren, PWHI Sanchez, A Rensink, I Rodriguez, LL Khan, AS Peters, CJ Burton, DR AF Maruyama, T Parren, PWHI Sanchez, A Rensink, I Rodriguez, LL Khan, AS Peters, CJ Burton, DR TI Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies to Ebola virus SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHAGE DISPLAY LIBRARIES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MARBURG VIRUS; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; MONKEYS; GLYCOPROTEIN; TRANSMISSION; FILOVIRUSES; PATHOGENS; ELEMENTS AB Human Fab (IgG1 kappa) phage display libraries were constructed from bone marrow RNA from 2 donors who recovered from infection with Ebola (EBO) virus during the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, The libraries were initially panned against a radiation-inactivated EBO virus-infected Vero cell lysate, but only weak binders were identified. In contrast, panning against secreted EBO glycoprotein (SGP) resulted in Fabs showing very strong reactivity with SGP in ELISA, These Fabs also reacted with a virion membrane preparation. The Fabs were strongly positive in IFAs with cells infected with EBO (subtype Zaire) virus but negative with uninfected cells, with a characteristic punctate staining pattern in the cytoplasm, The Fabs showed weak or no reactivity with the virus cell lysate although donor serum did react, The Fabs are now being characterized in structural and functional terms. Major interest will focus on the ability of antibodies to neutralize EBO virus and, later, to protect animals against infection. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burton, DR (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, IMM2,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM burton@scripps.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39808] NR 28 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S235 EP S239 DI 10.1086/514280 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300036 PM 9988189 ER PT J AU Miranda, ME Ksiazek, TG Retuya, TJ Khan, AS Sanchez, A Fulhorst, CF Rollin, PE Calaor, AB Manalo, DL Roces, MC Dayrit, MM Peters, CJ AF Miranda, ME Ksiazek, TG Retuya, TJ Khan, AS Sanchez, A Fulhorst, CF Rollin, PE Calaor, AB Manalo, DL Roces, MC Dayrit, MM Peters, CJ TI Epidemiology of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus in the Philippines, 1996 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FILOVIRUS; PRIMATES AB Ebola (subtype Reston [EBO-R]) virus infection was detected in macaques imported into the United States from the Philippines in March 1996. Studies were initiated in the Philippines to identify the source of the virus among monkey-breeding and export facilities, to establish surveillance and testing, and to assess the risk and significance of EBO-R infections in humans who work in these facilities. Over a 5-month period, acutely infected animals were found at only one facility, as determined using Ebola antigen detection. Three of 1732 monkeys and 1 of 246 animal handlers tested had detectable antibodies; all were from the same facility, which was the source of infected monkeys imported to the United States. Virus transmission, which was facilitated by poor infection-control practices, continued for several months in one facility and was stopped only when the facility was depopulated. None of the 246 employees of the facilities or 4 contacts of previously antibody-positive individuals reported an Ebola-like illness. This investigation suggests that human EBO-R infection is rare. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, Res Inst Trop Med, Manila, Philippines. Dept Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Manila, Philippines. RP Ksiazek, TG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, DVRD, NCID, G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 26 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S115 EP S119 DI 10.1086/514314 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300021 PM 9988174 ER PT J AU Reiter, P Turell, M Coleman, R Miller, B Maupin, G Liz, J Kuehne, A Barth, J Geisbert, J Dohm, D Glick, J Pecor, J Robbins, R Jahrling, P Peters, C Ksiazek, T AF Reiter, P Turell, M Coleman, R Miller, B Maupin, G Liz, J Kuehne, A Barth, J Geisbert, J Dohm, D Glick, J Pecor, J Robbins, R Jahrling, P Peters, C Ksiazek, T TI Field investigations of an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: Arthropod studies SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MARBURG-VIRUS-DISEASE; KENYA AB During the final weeks of a 6-month epidemic of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, an extensive collection of arthropods was made in an attempt to learn more of the natural history of the disease. A reconstruction of the activities of the likely primary case, a 42-year-old man who lived in the city, indicated that he probably acquired his infection in a partly forested area 15 km from his home. Collections were made throughout this area, along the route he followed from the city, and at various sites in the city itself. No Ebola virus was isolated, but a description of the collections and the ecotopes involved is given for comparison with future studies of other outbreaks. C1 CDC, Dengue Branch, Entomol Sect, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. CDC, Arbovirus Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), CDC, Dengue Branch, Entomol Sect, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S148 EP S154 DI 10.1086/514304 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300025 PM 9988178 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LL De Roo, A Guimard, Y Trappier, SG Sanchez, A Bressler, D Williams, AJ Rowe, AK Bertolli, J Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Nichol, ST AF Rodriguez, LL De Roo, A Guimard, Y Trappier, SG Sanchez, A Bressler, D Williams, AJ Rowe, AK Bertolli, J Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Nichol, ST TI Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEASLES-VIRUS; EVOLUTION; RNA; CATTLE AB Ebola virus persistence was examined in body fluids from 12 convalescent patients by virus isolation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during the 1995 Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Virus RNA could be detected for up to 33 days in vaginal, rectal, and conjunctival swabs of 1 patient and up to 101 days in the seminal fluid of 4 patients. Infectious virus was detected in 1 seminal fluid sample obtained 82 days after disease onset. Sequence analysis of an RT-PCR fragment of the most variable region of the glycoprotein gene amplified from 9 patients revealed no nucleotide changes. The patient samples were selected so that they would include some from a suspected line of transmission with at least three human-to-human passages, some from 5 survivors and 4 deceased patients, and 2 from patients who provided multiple samples through convalescence. There was no evidence of different virus variants cocirculating during the outbreak or of genetic variation accumulating during human-to-human passage or during prolonged persistence in individual patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Bethesda, MD USA. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 146 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 19 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S170 EP S176 DI 10.1086/514291 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300028 PM 9988181 ER PT J AU Roels, TH Bloom, AS Buffington, J Muhungu, GL Mac Kenzie, WR Khan, AS Ndambi, R Noah, DL Rolka, HR Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Roels, TH Bloom, AS Buffington, J Muhungu, GL Mac Kenzie, WR Khan, AS Ndambi, R Noah, DL Rolka, HR Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG TI Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: Risk factors for patients without a reported exposure SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; VIRUS; ZAIRE; INFECTION; SUDAN AB In 1995, 316 people became ill with Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The exposure source was not reported for 55 patients (17%) at the start of this investigation, and it remained unknown for 12 patients after extensive epidemiologic evaluation. Both admission to a hospital and visiting a person with fever and bleeding were risk factors associated with infection. Nineteen patients appeared to have been exposed while visiting someone with suspected EHF, although the!: did not provide care. Fourteen of the 19 reported touching the patient with suspected EHF; 5 reported that they had no physical contact. Although close contact while caring for an infected person was probably the major route of transmission in this and previous EHF outbreaks, the virus may have been transmitted by touch, droplet, airborne particle, or fomite; thus, expansion of the use of barrier techniques to include casual contacts might prevent or mitigate future epidemics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Prevent Res & Analyt Meth, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot,Div Repr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Super Kikwit, Kikwit, Congo. RP Roels, TH (reprint author), CDC, HIV Project, RETRO CI, Cte Divoire 2010,State Dept, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM tbr6@cdc.gov RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 23 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S92 EP S97 DI 10.1086/514286 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300017 PM 9988170 ER EF