FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hutin, YJF Williams, RJ Malfait, P Pebody, R Loparev, VN Ropp, SL Rodriguez, M Knight, JC Tshioko, FK Khan, AS Szczeniowski, MV Esposito, JJ AF Hutin, YJF Williams, RJ Malfait, P Pebody, R Loparev, VN Ropp, SL Rodriguez, M Knight, JC Tshioko, FK Khan, AS Szczeniowski, MV Esposito, JJ TI Outbreak of human monkeypox, Democratic Republic of Congo, 1996-1997 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ORTHOPOXVIRUS AB Human monkeypox is a zoonotic smallpox-like disease caused by an orthopoxvirus of interhuman transmissibility too low to sustain spread in susceptible populations. In February 1997, 88 cases of febrile pustular rash were identified for the previous 12 months in 12 villages of the Katako-Kombe Health Zone, Democratic Republic of Congo (attack rate = 22 per 1,000; case-fatality rate = 3.7%). Seven were active cases confirmed by virus isolation. Orthopoxvirus-neutralizing antibodies were detected in 54% of 72 patients who provided serum and 25% of 59 wild-caught animals, mainly squirrels. Hemagglutination-inhibition assays and Western blotting detected antibodies in 68% and 73% of patients, respectively. Vaccinia vaccination, which protects against monkeypox, ceased by 1983 after global smallpox eradication, leading to an increase in the proportion of susceptible people. C1 CDCP, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Smallpox & Other Poxvirus Infect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. European Programme Intervent Epidemiol Training, Brussels, Belgium. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Esposito, JJ (reprint author), CDCP, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Smallpox & Other Poxvirus Infect, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 150 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 BP 434 EP 438 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 436TP UT WOS:000168952200011 PM 11384521 ER PT J AU Johara, MY Field, H Rashdi, AM Morrissy, C van der Heide, B Rota, P bin Adzhar, A White, J Daniels, P Jamaluddin, A Ksiazek, T AF Johara, MY Field, H Rashdi, AM Morrissy, C van der Heide, B Rota, P bin Adzhar, A White, J Daniels, P Jamaluddin, A Ksiazek, T TI Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HENDRA-VIRUS; EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; FRUIT BATS; PARAMYXOVIRUS; HORSES; PIGS AB Nipah virus, family Paramyxoviridae, caused disease in pigs and humans in peninsular Malaysia in 1998-99. Because Nipah virus appears closely related to Hendra virus, wildlife surveillance focused primarily on pteropid bats (suborder Megachiroptera), a natural host of Hendra virus in Australia. We collected 324 bats from 14 species on peninsular Malaysia. Neutralizing antibodies to Nipah virus were demonstrated in five species, suggesting widespread infection in bat populations in peninsular Malaysia. C1 Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Anim Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4105, Australia. Vet Res Inst, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Dept Wildlife & Natl Parks, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Vet Serv, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. RP Field, H (reprint author), Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Anim Res Inst, LMB 4 Moorooka, Brisbane, Qld 4105, Australia. RI White, John/G-8800-2013; Daniels, Peter/H-1966-2013 OI White, John/0000-0003-2112-7185; NR 13 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 BP 439 EP 441 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 436TP UT WOS:000168952200012 ER PT J AU Burkot, TR Mullen, GR Anderson, R Schneider, BS Happ, CM Zeidner, NS AF Burkot, TR Mullen, GR Anderson, R Schneider, BS Happ, CM Zeidner, NS TI Borrelia lonestari DNA in adult Amblyomma americanum ticks, Alabama SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; HARD-TICK; BURGDORFERI; AGENT; ILLNESS; HUMANS; ACARI AB Polymerase chain reaction analysis of 204 Amblyomma americanum and 28 A. maculatum ticks collected in August 1999 near the homes of patients with southern tick-associated rash illness and in control areas in Choctaw County, Alabama, showed Borrelia lonestari flagellin gene sequence from two adult A. americanum. The presence of B. lonestari in A. americanum ticks from Alabama suggests that this suspected pathogen may be widespread in the southeastern United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borno Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borno Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 11 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 BP 471 EP 473 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 436TP UT WOS:000168952200023 PM 11384533 ER PT J AU McGeehin, MA Mirabelli, M AF McGeehin, MA Mirabelli, M TI The potential impacts of climate variability and change on temperature-related morbidity and mortality in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE climate change; cold weather; global warming; heat waves ID 1995 HEAT-WAVE; ST-LOUIS; CHICAGO; DEATHS; HEALTH; EMERGENCY; ILLNESS; YORK; CITY; RISK AB Heat and heat waves are projected to increase in severity and frequency with increasing global mean temperatures. Studies in urban areas show an association between increases in mortality and increases in heat, measured by maximum or minimum temperature, heat index, and sometimes, other weather conditions. Health effects associated with exposure to extreme and prolonged heat appear to be related to environmental temperatures above those to which the population is accustomed. Models of weather-mortality relationships indicate that populations in northeastern and midwestern U.S. cities are likely to experience the greatest number of illnesses and deaths in response to changes in summer temperature. Physiologic and behavioral adaptations may reduce morbidity and mortality. Within heat-sensitive regions, urban populations are the most vulnerable to adverse heat-related health outcomes. The elderly, young children, the poor, and people who are bedridden or are on certain medications are at particular risk. Heat-related illnesses and deaths are largely preventable through behavioral adaptations, including the use of air conditioning and increased fluid intake. Overall death rates are higher in winter than in summer, and it is possible that milder winters could reduce deaths in winter months. However, the relationship between winter weather and mortality is difficult to interpret. Other adaptation measures include heat emergency plans, warning systems, and illness management plans. Research is needed to identify critical weather parameters, the associations between beat and nonfatal illnesses, the evaluation of implemented heat response plans, and the effectiveness of urban design in reducing heat retention. C1 US Ctr Dis & Control Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGeehin, MA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis & Control Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, CDC, M-S E-19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mirabelli, Maria/0000-0002-3540-0085 NR 54 TC 296 Z9 318 U1 6 U2 62 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.2307/3435008 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500003 PM 11359685 ER PT J AU Greenough, G McGeehin, M Bernard, SM Trtanj, J Riad, J Engelberg, D AF Greenough, G McGeehin, M Bernard, SM Trtanj, J Riad, J Engelberg, D TI The potential impacts of climate variability and change on health impacts of extreme weather events in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE climate change; extreme weather events; flooding; global warming; natural disasters; storms ID PUERTO-RICO; RISK-FACTORS; INJURIES; DEATHS; PRECIPITATION; DISASTER; TORNADO; DISEASE; FREQUENCY; TRENDS AB Extreme weather events such as precipitation extremes and severe storms cause hundreds of deaths and injuries annually in the United States. Climate change? may alter the frequency, timing, intensity, and duration of these events. Increases in heavy precipitation have occurred over the past century. Future climate scenarios show likely increases in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, including precipitation during hurricanes, raising the risk of floods. Frequencies of tornadoes and hurricanes cannot reliably be projected. Injury and death are the direct health impacts most often associated with natural disasters. Secondary effects, mediated by changes in ecologic systems and public health infrastructure, also occur. The health impacts of extreme weather events hinge on the vulnerabilities and recovery capacities of the natural environment and the local population. Relevant variables include building codes, warning systems, disaster policies, evacuation plans, and relief efforts. There are many federal, state, and local government agencies and nongovernmental organizations involved in planning for and responding to natural disasters in the United States. Future research on health impacts of extreme weather events should focus on improving climate models to project any trends in regional extreme events and as a result improve public health preparedness and mitigation. Epidemiologic studies of health effects beyond the direct impacts of disaster will provide a more accurate measure of the full health impacts and will assist in planning and resource allocation. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Global Programs, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Delaware, Disaster Res Ctr, Newark, DE USA. RP McGeehin, M (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 95 TC 96 Z9 104 U1 12 U2 74 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.2307/3435009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500004 PM 11359686 ER PT J AU Bernard, SM Samet, JM Grambsch, A Ebi, KL Romieu, I AF Bernard, SM Samet, JM Grambsch, A Ebi, KL Romieu, I TI The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; climate change; criteria air pollutants; global warming; ozone; particulate matter ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMUNITIES; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; 0.12 PPM OZONE; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; RESPIRATORY MORBIDITY; EXERCISING CHILDREN; CHRONIC EXPOSURE; DIFFERING LEVELS; UCLA POPULATION AB Climate change may affect exposures to air pollutants by affecting weather, anthropogenic emissions, and biogenic emissions and by changing the distribution and types of airborne allergens. Local temperature, precipitation, clouds, atmospheric water vapor. wind speed, and wind direction influence atmospheric chemical processes, and interactions occur between local and global-scale environments. If the climate becomes warmer and more variable, air quality is likely to be affected. However, the specific types of change (i.e., local, regional, or global), the direction of change in a particular location (i.e., positive or negative), and the magnitude of change in air quality that may be attributable to climate change are a matter of speculation, based on extrapolating present understanding to future scenarios. There is already extensive evidence on the health effects of air pollution. Ground-level ozone can exacerbate chronic respiratory diseases and cause short-term reductions in lung function. Exposure to particulate matter can aggravate chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, alter host defenses, damage lung tissue, lead to premature death, and possibly contribute to cancer. Health effects of exposures to carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide can include reduced work capacity, aggravation of existing cardiovascular diseases, effects on pulmonary function, respiratory illnesses, lung irritation, and alterations in the lung's defense systems. Adaptations to climate change should include ensuring responsiveness of air quality protection programs to changing pollution levels. Research needs include basic atmospheric science work on the association between weather and air pollutants; improving air pollution models and their linkage with climate change scenarios; and closing gaps in the understanding of exposure patterns and health effects. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bernard, SM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 7041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 81 TC 143 Z9 149 U1 10 U2 76 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 SU 2 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.2307/3435010 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 434PF UT WOS:000168824500005 PM 11359687 ER PT J AU Garry, VF Tarone, RE Kirsch, IR Abdallah, JM Lombardi, DP Long, LK Burroughs, BL Barr, DB Kesner, JS AF Garry, VF Tarone, RE Kirsch, IR Abdallah, JM Lombardi, DP Long, LK Burroughs, BL Barr, DB Kesner, JS TI Biomarker correlations of urinary 2,4-d levels in foresters: Genomic instability and endocrine disruption SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 2,4-D; foresters; reproductive hormones; V(D)J rearrangements ID 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; EXPOSURE; HERBICIDES; WORKERS; PESTICIDES; ADJUVANTS; LYMPHOMA; RISK; DNA AB Forest pesticide applicators constitute a unique pesticide use group. Aerial, mechanical-ground, and focal weed control by application of herbicides, in particular chlorophenoxy herbicides, yield diverse exposure scenarios. In the present work, we analyzed aberrations in G-banded chromosomes, reproductive hormone levels, and polymerase chain reaction-based V(D)J rearrangement frequencies in applicators whose exposures were mostly limited to chlorophenoxy herbicides. Data from appliers where chlorophenoxy use was less frequent were also examined. The biomarker outcome data were compared to urinary levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) obtained at the time of maximum 2,4-D use. Further comparisons of outcome data were made to the total volume of herbicides applied during the entire pesticide-use season. Twenty-four applicators and 15 minimally exposed foresters (control) subjects were studied. Categorized by applicator method, men who used a hand-held, backpack sprayer in their applications showed the highest average level (453.6 ppb) of 2,4-D in urine. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) values were correlated with urinary 2,4-D levels, but follicle-stimulating hormone and free and total testosterone were not. At the height of the application season; 6/7 backpack sprayers, 3/4 applicators who used multinozzle mechanical (boom) sprayers, 4/8 aerial applicators, and 2/5 skidder-radiarc (closed cab) appliers had two or more V(D)J region rearrangements per microgram of DNA. Only 5 of 15 minimally exposed (control) foresters had two or more rearrangements, and 3 of these 5 subjects demonstrated detectable levels of 2,4-D in the urine. Only 8/24 DNA samples obtained from the exposed group 10 months or more after their last chlorophenoxy use had two rearrangements per microgram of DNA, suggesting that the exposure-related effects observed were reversible and temporary. Although urinary 2,4-D levels were not correlated with chromosome aberration frequency, chromosome aberration frequencies were correlated with the total volume of herbicides applied, including products other than 2,4-D. In summary, herbicide applicators with high urinary levels of 2,4-D (backpack and boom spray applications) exhibited elevated LH levels. They also exhibited altered genomic stability as measured by V(D)J rearrangement frequency, which appears reversible months after peak exposure. Though highly detailed, the limited sample size warrants cautious interpretation of the data. C1 Univ Minnesota, Environm Med & Pathol Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Dept Genet, Med Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Reprod Hlth Assessment Sect, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Garry, VF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Environm Med & Pathol Lab, 421 29th Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM garry001@maroon.tc.umn.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 IS 5 BP 495 EP 500 DI 10.2307/3454708 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 438YA UT WOS:000169080800029 ER PT J AU Posner, SF Stewart, AL Marin, G Perez-Stable, EJ AF Posner, SF Stewart, AL Marin, G Perez-Stable, EJ TI Factor variability of the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D) among urban Latinos SO ETHNICITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE depression; CES-D; Latinos; confirmatory factor analysis ID GENDER; ACCULTURATION; HISPANICS AB Establishing comparable measurement properties across different populations or in different population subgroups is a crucial yet often neglected step in instrument development. Failure to have comparable factor structures across groups makes any comparison between groups suspect. Previous analyses of the measurement structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in diverse racial/ethnic populations have resulted in conflicting results. In the present analysis, data from three studies of urban Latinos (N = 1403) were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques to (1) fit the original four-factor solution separately in men and women; (2) evaluate configural and metric invariance between men and women; and (3) evaluate the mediating effects of age and acculturation on the fit of this model to the data. Results indicated that the four-factor model proposed by Radloff provided adequate fit to the data for Latina women when age and acculturation were included in the model. The four-factor model did not fit the data for Latino men; thus tests of configural and metric invariance across these two groups failed. We conclude that the CES-D may nor measure the same constructs in Latino men and women and that further evaluation of the use of this measure in diverse populations is needed. Additionally, prior to comparison with other groups in which the four-factor solution is observed, the effects of age and acculturation should be controlled in Latinas. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Effectiveness Res Ctr Diverse Populat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth & Aging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Aging Diverse Communities, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Marin, Gerardo/0000-0002-9370-4837; Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X FU AHRQ HHS [U01 HS07373]; NCI NIH HHS [CA39260]; NIA NIH HHS [IP30 AG 15272] NR 17 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1355-7858 J9 ETHNIC HEALTH JI Ethn. Health PD MAY PY 2001 VL 6 IS 2 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Ethnic Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 453CD UT WOS:000169898400007 PM 11488294 ER PT J AU Ashley-Koch, A Murphy, CC Khoury, MJ Boyle, CA AF Ashley-Koch, A Murphy, CC Khoury, MJ Boyle, CA TI Contribution of sickle cell disease to the occurrence of developmental disabilities: A population-based study SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sickle cell disease; developmental disabilities; stroke; epidemiology; surveillance ID TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; STROKE; ANEMIA; RISK; ABNORMALITIES; TRANSFUSIONS; PREVENTION; COHORT AB Purpose: Population-based surveillance of children aged 3-10 years from metropolitan Atlanta was used to determine if stroke-related neurological damage in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with developmental disabilities (DD). Methods: School and medical records were reviewed annually to identify eligible children. Observed-to-expected ratios, P values, and population attributable fractions were calculated. Results: Children with SCID had increased risk for DD (O/E = 3.2, P < 0.0001), particularly mental retardation (O/E = 2.7, P = 0.0005) and cerebral palsy (O/E = 10.8, P < 0.0001). This risk was confined to DD associated with stroke (O/E = 130, P < 0.0001; for DD without stroke: O/E = 1.3, P = 0.23). Conclusions: Children with SCD have increased risk for DID associated with stroke; thus, aggressive interventions are needed to prevent stroke in these children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ashley-Koch, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, 051 CARL Bldg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. OI Ashley-Koch, Allison/0000-0001-5409-9155 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 3 IS 3 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1097/00125817-200105000-00006 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 472WJ UT WOS:000171007700005 PM 11388758 ER PT J AU Davis, RR Newlander, JK Ling, XB Cortopassi, GA Krieg, EF Erway, LC AF Davis, RR Newlander, JK Ling, XB Cortopassi, GA Krieg, EF Erway, LC TI Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in mice SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mouse; noise-induced; age-related; hearing loss; genetic ID INBRED STRAINS; DEAFNESS AB The C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains of mice exhibit an age-related hearing loss (AHL) due to a recessive gene (Ahl) that maps to Chromosome 10. The Ahl gene is also implicated in the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The B6 mice (AhllAhl) are more susceptible to NIHL than the CBA/CaJ (CB) mice (+(Ahl)). The B6 x D2.F-1 hybrid mice (AhllAhl) are more susceptible to NIHL than the CB x B6.F-1 mice (+/Ahl) [Erway et al., 1996. Hear. Res. 93, 181-187]. These genetic effects implicate the Ahl gene as contributing to NIHL susceptibility. The present study demonstrates segregation for the putative Ahl gene and mapping of such a gene to Chromosome 10, consistent with other independent mapping of. Ahl for AHL in 10 strains of mice [Johnson et al., 2000. Genomics 70, 171-180]. The present study was based on a conventional cross between two inbred strains, CB x B6.F-1 backcrossed to B6 with segregation for the putative +/Ahl:AhllAhl. These backcross progeny were exposed to 110 dB SPL noise for 8 h. All of the progeny were tested for auditory evoked brainstem responses and analyzed for any significant permanent threshold shift of NIHL. Cluster analyses were used to distinguish the two putative genotypes, the. least affected with NIHL (+/Ahl) and most affected with PTS (AhllAhl). Approximately 1/2 of the backcross progeny exhibited PTS, particularly at 16 kHz. These mice were genotyped for two D10Mit markers. Quantitative trait loci analyses (log of the odds = 15) indicated association of the genetic factor within a few centiMorgan of the best evidence for Ahl [Johnson ct al., 2000. Genomics 70, 171-180], All of the available evidence supports a role for the Ahl gene in both AHL and NIHL among these strains of mice. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sec, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Monitoring Res & Stat Act, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sec, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C-27,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 1197] NR 21 TC 81 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0378-5955(01)00250-7 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 434CT UT WOS:000168798100008 PM 11335078 ER PT J AU Barnwell, JW AF Barnwell, JW TI Hepatic Kupffer cells: The portal that permits infection of hepatocytes by malarial sporozoites? SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI SPOROZOITES; HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; INVASION IN-VITRO; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SURFACE; THROMBOSPONDIN; MACROPHAGES; FALCIPARUM; MEMBRANE; PARASITE AB Malaria sporozoites ha ve to cross the layer of sinusoidal liver cells to reach their initial site of multiplication in the mammalian host, the hepatocytes. To determine the sinusoidal cell type sporozoites use for extravasation, endothelia or Kupffer cells, we quantified sporozoite adhesion to and invasion of sinusoidal cells isolated from rat liver. In vitro invasion assays reveal that Plasmodium berghei and P. yoelii sporozoites attach to and enter Kupffer cells, but not sinusoidal endothelia. Unlike hepatocytes and other nonphagocytic cells, which are invaded in vitro only within the first hour of parasite exposure, the number of intracellular sporozoites in Kupffer cells increases for up to 12 hours. By confocal and electron microscopy, sporozoites are enclosed in a vacuole that does not colocalize with lysosomal markers. Inhibition of phagocytosis with gadolinium chloride has no effect on Kupffer cell invasion, but abolishes phagocytosis of inactivated sporozoites. Furthermore, sporozoites traverse in vitro from Kupffer cells to hepatocytes where they eventually develop into exoerythrocytic schizonts. Thus, malaria sporozoites selectively recognize and actively invade Kupffer cells, avoid phagosomal acidification, and safely passage through these phagocytes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, F-13,Bldg 22B,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 2001 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1333 DI 10.1053/jhep.2001.24740 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 426RW UT WOS:000168363000039 PM 11343264 ER PT J AU Gaynes, RP AF Gaynes, RP TI Surgical-site infections (SSI) and the NNIS Basic SSI Risk Index, Part II: Room for improvement SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMBULATORY SURGERY; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,E 55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 22 IS 5 BP 266 EP 267 DI 10.1086/501897 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 443XY UT WOS:000169369900003 PM 11428434 ER PT J AU Beard, CB Dotson, EM Pennington, PM Eichler, S Cordon-Rosales, C Durvasula, RV AF Beard, CB Dotson, EM Pennington, PM Eichler, S Cordon-Rosales, C Durvasula, RV TI Bacterial symbiosis and paratransgenic control of vector-borne Chagas disease SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXth International Congress of Hydatidology CY JUN 04-08, 2001 CL KUSADASI, TURKEY DE Chagas disease; Rhodnius prolixus; paratransgenic; symbiosis ID RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; EXPRESSION AB The triatomine vectors of Chagas disease are obligate haematophagous insects, feeding on vertebrate blood throughout their entire developmental cycle. As a result of obtaining their nutrition from a single food source, their diet is devoid of certain vitamins and nutrients. Consequently, these insects harbour populations of bacterial symbionts within their intestinal tract, which provide the required nutrients that are lacking from their diet. We have isolated and characterised symbiont cultures from various triatomine species and developed a method for genetically transforming them. We can then reintroduce them into their original host species, thereby producing stable paratransgenic insects in which we are able to express heterologous gene products. Using this methodology, we have generated paratransgenic Rhodnius prolixus that are refractory for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Two examples of potentially refractory genes are currently being expressed in paratransgenic insects. These include the insect immune peptide cecropin A and active single chain antibody fragments. We have also developed an approach that would allow introduction of genetically modified bacterial symbionts into natural populations of Chagas disease vectors. This approach utilises the coprophagic behaviour of these insects, which is the way in which the symbionts are transmitted among bug populations in nature. The production and ultimate release of transgenic or paratransgenic insects for public health applications is potentially very promising but also worthy of much careful consideration with respect to environmental, political, and human safety concerns. (C) 2001 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-22, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 31 IS 5-6 BP 621 EP 627 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00165-5 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 439FZ UT WOS:000169101300028 PM 11334952 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH TI Body fat distribution, obesity, overweight and stroke incidence in women and men: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE cerebral infarction; cerebrovascular disorders; obesity; blacks; adipose tissue ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ISCHEMIC STROKE; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that an elevated ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfold thickness (SFR), a measure of truncal obesity, is associated with increased incidence of stroke independent of overweight. DESIGN: Data from the NHANES 1 Epidemiologic Follow-up Study were analyzed. SUBJECTS: A cohort of 3652 women and 3284 men with complete data who had no history of stroke at baseline in 1971 - 1975. MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of stroke diagnosed at hospital discharge or death during the follow-up period through 1992; triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (SSF) and body mass index (BMI) at baseline. RESULTS: In a complex relationship, higher SFR was associated with a mildly but significantly increased incidence of stroke only in white male former smokers. In white men, SSF showed a U-shaped association with stroke risk. In white men, stroke risk was elevated in the top quartile of BMI only in never smokers. In black women, stroke risk was significantly elevated in the bottom compared to the top quartile of BMI. No significant associations were seen in white women or black men. CONCLUSIONS: In white men, SSF showed a U-shaped association with stroke risk, which was elevated in the top quartile of BMI only in never smokers. Surprisingly, stroke risk was elevated in black women with the lowest BMI. More studies of these associations are needed, especially in black women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 54 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 25 IS 5 BP 628 EP 638 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801590 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 425MQ UT WOS:000168294900006 PM 11360144 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Association of serum ferritin and indices of body fat distribution and obesity in Mexican American men - the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE ferritin; serum; Hispanics; male; adipose tissue; age factors; obesity ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; IRON STORES; TRANSFERRIN SATURATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; HYPERTENSION; STROKE AB BACKGROUND: Few data have been published on the association of indices of body fat distribution and serum ferritin, an indicator of body iron stores and putative risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity, in representative samples of total populations or in Hispanic Americans. OBJECTIVE: To describe the distributions of serum ferritin concentration and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in Mexican American men and to assess their association. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS: Mexican American men aged 20 - 49 y. MEASUREMENTS: Body circumferences, skinfold thickness, height, weight, and serum ferritin and C-reactive protein concentrations. RESULTS: Mean serum ferritin increased between ages 20 and 29 but not between 30 and 49. WHR increased with age between ages 20 and 49. WHR showed significant positive associations with log serum ferritin concentration independent of age and body mass index (BMI). The association was strongest at age 20 - 29 y among those with BMI below the median. Associations with other indices of body fat distribution and overall obesity are described. CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin concentration is associated with WHR and other indices of body fat distribution and obesity. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and significance of these findings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 42 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 25 IS 5 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801561 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 425MQ UT WOS:000168294900007 PM 11360145 ER PT J AU Adeleke, AA Fields, BS Benson, RF Daneshvar, MI Pruckler, JM Ratcliff, RM Harrison, TG Weyant, RS Birtles, RJ Raoult, D Halablab, MA AF Adeleke, AA Fields, BS Benson, RF Daneshvar, MI Pruckler, JM Ratcliff, RM Harrison, TG Weyant, RS Birtles, RJ Raoult, D Halablab, MA TI Legionella drozanskii sp nov., Legionella rowbothamii sp nov and Legionella fallonii sp nov.: three unusual new Legionella species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amoeba; autofluorescence; branched-chain fatty acids; mip; DNA hybridization ID COOLING-TOWER WATER; GENUS LEGIONELLA; PNEUMOPHILA; AMEBAS; CLASSIFICATION; PATHOGENS; SPECIMENS; PHYLOGENY AB Seven strains of Legionella-like amoebal pathogens (LLAPs) were characterized on the basis of their cultural and staining characteristics, biochemical reactions, serology, cellular fatty acids (CFAs), isoprenoid quinone composition, total DNA relatedness, analysis of 16S rRNA and macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) gene sequence analyses. All seven strains exhibited limited growth on buffered charcoal yeast extract alpha (BCYE) agar, required cysteine for growth and contained branched-chain CFAs and quinones typical of Legionella species. The bacilli were Gram-negative and catalase-positive. There were varying degrees of serological cross-reactions between these LLAP strains and other previously described Legionella species. Results from the various tests revealed that four LLAP strains represent three unusual new species of Legionella: Legionella drozanskii sp. nov., type strain LLAP-1(T); Legionella rowbothamii sp. nov., type strain LLAP-6(T); and Legionella fallonii sp. nov., type strain LLAP-10(T). Three other LLAP strains, designated LLAP-7FL, LLAP-7NF and LLAP-9, were shown to be members of the species Legionella lytica. The deductions made from the phenetic characteristics of these bacteria were consistent with the phylogenetic relationships inferred from 16S rRNA and mip gene sequence analyses. This study is the first to speciate LLAP strains on the basis of data including quantitative DNA hybridization. C1 Kings Coll London, Div Life Sci, London SE1 8WA, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Med & Vet Sci, Infect Dis Labs, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, PHLS, London NW9 5HT, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Microbiol, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. WHO, Collaborat Ctr Rickettsial Reference & Res, Fac Med, Marseille 5, France. RP Halablab, MA (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Div Life Sci, Franklin Wilkins Bldg,150 Stamford St, London SE1 8WA, England. EM mahmoud.halablab@kcl.ac.uk NR 39 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 51 BP 1151 EP 1160 PN 3 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 435UP UT WOS:000168900000054 PM 11411684 ER PT J AU Range, N Ipuge, YA O'Brien, RJ Egwaga, SM Mfinanga, SG Chonde, TM Mukadi, YD Borgdorff, MW AF Range, N Ipuge, YA O'Brien, RJ Egwaga, SM Mfinanga, SG Chonde, TM Mukadi, YD Borgdorff, MW TI Trend in HIV prevalence among tuberculosis patients in Tanzania, 1991-1998 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; HIV; prevalence; epidemiology ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INFECTION; MORTALITY; COUNTRIES; EPIDEMIC; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the trend in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among tuberculosis patients in Tanzania and estimate what proportion of the increase in notification rates between the surveys was directly attributable to HIV infection. METHODS: Consecutive tuberculosis patients were enrolled over 6-month periods in most regions. Demographic and clinical data were collected on standard forms and a single HIV ELISA test performed. Trends in tuberculosis incidence were estimated from regional notification data. RESULTS: Of 10 612 eligible tuberculosis patients, 44% had HIV infection, compared with 32% in the previous survey. The largest increase was observed in the youngest birth cohorts, suggesting active HIV transmission. Approximately 60% of the increase in notification rates of smear-positive tuberculosis between surveys was directly attributable to HIV infection. CONCLUSION: The HIV epidemic has had a strong influence on tuberculosis incidence. However, since 1995, tuberculosis notification data have increased less steeply, AIDS notifications have gone down, and HIV prevalence in blood donors has not increased a great deal. Another survey among tuberculosis patients in 5 years' time may show whether the HN epidemic in Tanzania has reached a maximum or steady state. C1 Natl Inst Med Res, Tanzania Natl TB & Leporosy Programme, Muhimbili Res Stn, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Muhimbili Med Ctr, Tanzania Cent TB Reference Lab, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Royal Netherlands TB Assoc, The Hague, Netherlands. RP Egwaga, SM (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Natl TB & Leprosy Programme, POB 9083, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 5 IS 5 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QH UT WOS:000168359500003 PM 11336270 ER PT J AU Laserson, KF Kenyon, AS Kenyon, TA Layloff, T Binkin, NJ AF Laserson, KF Kenyon, AS Kenyon, TA Layloff, T Binkin, NJ TI Substandard tuberculosis drugs on the global market and their simple detection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; treatment; drug quality; thin-layer chromatography; pharmaceutical management; drugs; drug-resistant TB ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; COUNTERFEIT DRUGS; BIOAVAILABILITY; RESISTANCE; EPIDEMIC; QUALITY; DEATHS AB SETTING: The prevalence of substandard anti-tuberculosis drugs is unknown. To maximize the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) control efforts, simple, inexpensive drug quality screening methods are needed. DESIGN: Isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RMP) single- and fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulations were collected from selected TB programs and pharmacies in Colombia, Estonia, India, Latvia, Russia and Vietnam. Samples were screened using a recently developed thin-layer chromatography (TLC) kit. All abnormal samples and a 40% random sample of normal formulations were further analyzed using confirmatory techniques. Samples outside of 85% to 115% of stated content, and/or containing compounds other than the stated drug, were defined as being substandard. RESULTS: Overall, 10% (4/40) of all samples, including 13% (4/30) RMP samples, contained <85% of stated content. More FDCs (5/24, 21%) than single-drug samples (2/16, 13%) were substandard. A comparison of TLC with the confirmatory analysis for RMP analysis showed a sensitivity of 100% (4/4), a specificity of 92% (24/26), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 67% (4/6), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% (24/24), An analysis of INH showed a specificity of 90% (9/10). However, sensitivity, PPV, and NVP could not be determined. CONCLUSION: A substantial number of anti-tuberculosis drugs from several countries, in particular FDCs, were found to be substandard. Such drugs map contribute to the creation of drug-resistant TB. TLC is an effective, convenient, and inexpensive method for the detection of substandard drugs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Div Testing & Appl Analyt Dev, St Louis, MO USA. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Laserson, KF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 5 IS 5 BP 448 EP 454 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QH UT WOS:000168359500009 PM 11336276 ER PT J AU Jones, JL AF Jones, JL TI HIV-associated tuberculosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy - Reply SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 5 IS 5 BP 489 EP 489 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QH UT WOS:000168359500016 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Bailey, SL Huo, DZ Monterroso, ER Ouellet, LJ AF Thorpe, LE Bailey, SL Huo, DZ Monterroso, ER Ouellet, LJ TI Injection-related risk behaviors in young urban and suburban injection drug users in Chicago (1997-1999) SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; HIV; IDUs; injection paraphernalia; injection setting; risk behaviors; seroprevalence; suburban; syringe sharing; young adult ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C; PREVALENCE; HIV; BALTIMORE; EPIDEMIC AB We compared injection-related risk practices between urban and suburban injection drug users (IDUs) in a large cross-sectional sample of young IDUs. From 1997 to 1999, we recruited 700 active IDUs aged 18 to 30 years in Chicago and its suburbs. A suburban residence was reported by 38% of participants. Participants were interviewed at four urban locations and screened for HIV and hepatitis C virus antibodies. Receptive sharing of syringes and other paraphernalia by urban and suburban IDUs in the preceding 6 months was compared using univariable and multivariable models. Sharing injection paraphernalia in the total sample was high, with 50% of participants reporting receptive syringe sharing and 70% reporting sharing cotton, cookers, and/or rinse water. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, injection settings, frequency, and duration of injection as well as ease of acquiring new syringes, suburban IDUs were significantly more likely than urban IDUs to share syringes (adjusted odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.5); however, the likelihood of sharing cotton, cookers, or rinse water was roughly equal. Despite overall higher risk profiles among suburban IDUs, HIV and hepatitis C prevalence levels were significantly lower than among urban participants. Current high levels of injection risk behaviors in suburban groups represent a potential for rapid dissemination of infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, M-S E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 442YJ UT WOS:000169312300011 PM 11404523 ER PT J AU Marks, G Crepaz, N AF Marks, G Crepaz, N TI HIV-positive men's sexual practices in the context of self-disclosure of HIV status SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE AIDS; disclosure; gay men; HIV-positive; safer sex ID BISEXUAL MEN; SEROPOSITIVE GAY; PREVENTION; PARTNERS; SEROSTATUS; INFECTION; RISK; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS AB Objective: To examine whether disclosure of HIV-positive status to sex partners at risk for HIV infection is associated with safer sex practices and to examine the prevalence and correlates of specific disclosure/sexual behavior patterns. Methods: Cross-sectional assessment of 206 HIV-positive men (41% homosexual, 35% bisexual, 24% heterosexual) sampled randomly at an outpatient HIV clinic in Los Angeles, who reported that their most recent sex partner was HIV-negative or of unknown serostatus. Unsafe sex was defined as unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse with that partner. Results: Twenty-five percent of the men engaged in unsafe sex, and 48% of the total sample withheld disclosure from the partner. The prevalence of safer sex was not significantly higher among disclosers than among nondisclosers (unadjusted odds ratio = 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-2.45), and disclosure was not significantly associated with safer sex in any of 25 demographic or partner subgroups examined in the study. In the full sample, 40% of the men disclosed and engaged in safer sex (informed protection), 35% withheld disclosure and engaged in safer sex (uninformed protection), 12% informed their partner and engaged in unsafe sexual behavior (informed exposure), and 13% withheld disclosure and engaged in unsafe sex (uninformed exposure). Risky behavior patterns were associated with using alcohol/drugs before sex, having an HIV-unknown partner, being less emotionally involved with one's partner, and testing seropositive in the previous 3 years. Conclusions: Interventions for seropositive men that focus primarily on increasing disclosure of serostatus to sex partners may not reduce the prevalence of unsafe sex. Interventions are needed to address the social and psychologic processes that give rise to risky behavior patterns in HIV-infected men. Improved substance abuse counseling also may be needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 442YJ UT WOS:000169312300012 PM 11404524 ER PT J AU Crosby, RA Yarber, WL AF Crosby, RA Yarber, WL TI Perceived versus actual knowledge about correct condom use among US adolescents: Results from a national study SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE condom use; adolescents; sexuality; gender differences; HIV; knowledge ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS AB Purpose: To assess the prevalence of three misconceptions about correct condom use and determine whether prevalence of these misconceptions varied by gender, sexual intercourse experience, experience using condoms, and the relationship between adolescents' actual and perceived knowledge about correct condom use. Variables that predicted misconceptions about correct condom use were also identified. Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were analyzed to determine prevalence of misconceptions among 16,677 adolescents. Misconceptions were: (a) no space at the tip of the condom, (b) Vaseline can be used with condoms, and (c) lambskin protects against the acquired immunodeficiency virus better than latex. Chi-square analyses determined differences in prevalence of misconceptions between male and female adolescents based on their sexual and condom use experience as well as their level of perceived knowledge about correct condom use. Logistic regression models identified predictors of reporting misconceptions. Results: Depending on intercourse experience and experience using condoms, about one-third to one-half believed the first two misconceptions and about one-fifth believed the latter one. Perception of knowledge about correct condom use was infrequently related to actual knowledge. Misconceptions were less likely among older adolescents, those ever having intercourse, those reporting four or more lifetime intercourse partners, those who had used condoms, females, and those not reporting a religious affiliation. Conclusions: Misconceptions about correct condom use are common among adolescents. Sexually active adolescents need more complete information about correct condom use. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2001. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rural Ctr AIDS STD Prevent, Bloomington, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Appl Hlth Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Crosby, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAY PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00213-5 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 426HK UT WOS:000168343600009 PM 11336872 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Pless, R DeStefano, F AF Chen, RT Pless, R DeStefano, F TI Epidemiology of autoimmune reactions induced by vaccination SO JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Autoimmunity Induced by Infection or Immunization CY NOV 28-DEC 01, 2000 CL LES PENSIERES, FRANCE SP Merieux Fdn DE epidemiology; autoimmune; vaccine safety; immunizations; surveillance ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; PURPURA FOLLOWING MEASLES; THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; INFLUENZA-IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; MACROPHAGIC MYOFASCIITIS AB In order for vaccinations to 'work', the immune system must be stimulated. The concern that immunizations may lead to the development of autoimmune disease (AID) has been questioned. Since AID occur in the absence of immunizations, it is unlikely that immunizations are a major cause of AID. Epidemiological studies are needed, however, to assess whether immunizations: may increase the risk in some susceptible individuals. This paper discusses the evidence for and against vaccination as a risk factor for AID. Evidence for immunizations leading to AID come from several sources including animal studies, single and multiple case reports, and ecologic association. However more rigorous investigation has failed to confirm most of the allegations. Unfortunately the question remains difficult to address because for most AIDs, there is Limited knowledge of the etiology, background incidence and other risk factors for their development. This information is necessary, in the absence of experimental evidence derived from controlled studies, for any sort of adequate causality assessment using the limited data that are available. Several illustrative examples are discussed to highlight what is known and what remains to be explored, and the type of epidemiological evidence that would be required to better address the issues. Examples include the possible association of immunization and multiple sclerosis (and other demyelinating diseases), type 1 diabetes mellitus, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and rheumatoid arthritis. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Safety & Dev Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Safety & Dev Activ, MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 76 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0896-8411 J9 J AUTOIMMUN JI J. Autoimmun. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 16 IS 3 SI SI BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1006/jaut.2000.0491 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 431XG UT WOS:000168656600018 PM 11334497 ER PT J AU Dicuonzo, G Gherardi, G Lorino, G Angeletti, S De Cesaris, M Fiscarelli, E Bessen, DE Beall, B AF Dicuonzo, G Gherardi, G Lorino, G Angeletti, S De Cesaris, M Fiscarelli, E Bessen, DE Beall, B TI Group A streptococcal genotypes from pediatric throat isolates in Rome, Italy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; EMM; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS; SKIN AB In a study assessing genetic diversity, 114 group A streptococcus (GAS) isolates were recovered from pediatric pharyngitis patients in Rome, ItaIy. These isolates comprised 22 different M protein gene (emm) sequence types, 14 of which were associated,vith a distinct serum opacity factor/fibronectin binding protein gene (sof) sequence type. Isolates with the same emm gene sequence type generally shared a highly conserved chromosomal macrorestriction profile. In three instances, isolates with dissimilar macrorestriction profiles had identical emm types; in each of these cases multilocus sequence typing revealed that isolates with the same emm type were clones having the same allelic profiles. Ninety-eight percent of the pharyngeal isolates had emm types previously found to be highly associated,vith mga locus gene patterns commonly found in pharyngeal GAS isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ La Sapienza, Dept Med & Microbiol, Rome, Italy. Univ La Sapienza, Dept Microbiol, Rome, Italy. Pediat Hosp Bambin Gesu, Microbiol Lab, Rome, Italy. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Fiscarelli, Ersilia Vita/K-3035-2016; OI Fiscarelli, Ersilia Vita/0000-0003-4156-1835; Gherardi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6010-3157 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1687 EP 1690 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1687-1690.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900001 PM 11325974 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, A Singh, K Narang, A Singhi, S Batra, R Rao, KLN Ray, P Gopalan, S Das, S Gupta, V Gupta, AK Bose, SM McNeil, MM AF Chakrabarti, A Singh, K Narang, A Singhi, S Batra, R Rao, KLN Ray, P Gopalan, S Das, S Gupta, V Gupta, AK Bose, SM McNeil, MM TI Outbreak of Pichia anomala infection in the pediatric service of a tertiary-care center in Northern India SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HANSENULA-ANOMALA; 5-YEAR PERIOD; FUNGEMIA; COLONIZATION; CANDIDAEMIA; PATHOGENS; ALBICANS AB An outbreak of nosocomial fungemia due to the unusual yeast, Pichia anomala occurred in the pediatric wards of our hospital over a period of 23 months (April 1996 to February 1998). A total of 379 neonates and children (4.2% admissions) were infected. The probable index case was admitted to the pediatric emergency ward, with subsequent transmission to the premature nursery, pediatric intensive care units, and other children wards. Carriage on the hands of health care personnel was likely to be responsible for dissemination of the fungus. The outbreak could only be controlled after a health education campaign to improve hand-washing practices was instituted and after nystatin-fluconazole prophylaxis to all premature neonates and high-risk infants was introduced. In a case-control study, we identified a lower gestational age, a very low birth weight (<1,500 g), and a longer duration of hospital stay as significant risk factors associated with P. anomala fungemia in premature neonates. We conducted a culture prevalence survey of 50 consecutive premature neonates and found that 28% were colonized with P. anomala at a skin or mucosal site on the date of delivery and that 20% of these neonates subsequently developed P. anomala fungemia. We performed multilocus enzyme electrophoresis on 40 P. anomala outbreak isolates (including patient and health care workers' hand isolates), and the results suggested that these isolates were identical. Our study highlights the importance of P. anomala as an emerging nosocomial fungal pathogen. C1 Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pediat Surg, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Hosp Adm, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Gen Surg, Chandigarh 160012, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chakrabarti, A (reprint author), Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1702 EP 1706 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1702-1706.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900004 PM 11325977 ER PT J AU Koblavi-Deme, S Maurice, C Yavo, D Sibailly, TS N'Guessan, K Kamelan-Tano, Y Wiktor, SZ Roels, TH Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN AF Koblavi-Deme, S Maurice, C Yavo, D Sibailly, TS N'Guessan, K Kamelan-Tano, Y Wiktor, SZ Roels, TH Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN TI Sensitivity and specificity of human immunodeficiency virus rapid serologic assays and testing algorithms in an antenatal clinic in abidjan, Ivory Coast SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; COTE-DIVOIRE; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; FIELD-EVALUATION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; UGANDA; STRATEGIES; INFECTIONS AB To evaluate serologic testing algorithms for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) based on a combination of rapid assays among persons with HIV-1 (non-B subtypes) infection, HIV-2 infection, and HIV-1-HIV-2 dual infections in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, a total of 1,216 sera with known HIV serologic status were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of four rapid assays: Determine HIV-1/2, Capillus HIV-1/HIV-2, HIV-SPOT, and Genie II HIV-1/HIV-2, Two serum panels obtained from patients recently infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and non-B were also included. Based on sensitivity and specificity, three of the four rapid assays were evaluated prospectively in parallel (serum samples tested by two simultaneous rapid assays) and serial (serum samples tested by two consecutive rapid assays) testing algorithms. All assays were 100% sensitive, and specificities ranged from 99.4 to 100%. In the prospective evaluation, both the parallel and serial algorithms were 100% sensitive and specific. Our results suggest that rapid assays have high sensitivity and specificity and, when used in parallel or serial testing algorithms, yield results similar to those of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay-based testing strategies. HIV serodiagnosis based on rapid assays may be a valuable alternative in implementing HIV prevention and surveillance programs in areas where sophisticated laboratories are difficult to establish. C1 CHU Treichville, Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 17 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1808 EP 1812 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1808-1812.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900022 PM 11325995 ER PT J AU Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Spangler, L Douglas, MP Jordan, JG MacGregor, JP Hill, BC Tenover, FC Brenner, DJ Weyant, RS AF Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Spangler, L Douglas, MP Jordan, JG MacGregor, JP Hill, BC Tenover, FC Brenner, DJ Weyant, RS TI Assignment of CDC weak oxidizer group 2 (WO-2) to the genus Pandoraea and characterization of three new Pandoraea genomospecies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; ISOPRENOID QUINONE CONTENT; SP-NOV; BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; COMB-NOV; PSEUDOMONAS; PROPOSAL AB CDC weak oxidizer group 2 (WO-2) consists of nine phenotypically similar human clinical isolates received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1989 and 1998. Four of the isolates were from blood, three were from sputum, and one each was from bronchial fluid and maxillary sinus. All are aerobic nonfermentative, motile gram-negative rods with one to eight polar flagella per cell. All grew at 25 and 35 degreesC and were positive for catalase, urease (usually delayed 3 to 7 days), citrate, alkalinization of litmus milk, oxidization of glycerol (weakly), and growth on MacConkey agar and in nutrient broth,without NaCl. All except one strain were oxidase positive with the Kovacs method, and all except one isolate weakly oxidized D-glucose. All were negative for oxidation of D-xylose, D-mannitol, lactose, sucrose, maltose, and 20 other carbohydrates, esculin hydrolysis, indole production, arginine dihydrolase, and lysine and ornithine decarboxylase. Only two of nine isolates reduced nitrate. Broth microdilution susceptibilities were determined for all strains against 13 antimicrobial agents. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, extended spectrum cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, but they varied in their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. High-performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of the WO-2 group identified ubiquinone-8 as the major quinone component. The percent G+C of the WO-2 strains ranged from 65.2 to 70.7% (thermal denaturation method). All shared a common cellular fatty acid (CFA) profile, which was characterized by relatively large amounts (7 to 22%) of 16:1 omega 7c, 16:0, 17:0cyc, 18:1 omega 7c, and 19:0cyc(11-12); small amounts (1 to 3%) of 12:0 and 14:0; and eight hydroxy acids, 2-OH-12:0 (4%), 2-OH-14:0 (trace), 3-OH-14:0 (12%), 2-OH-16:1 (1%), 2 OH-16:0 (3%), 3-OH-16:0 (4%), 2-OH-18:1 (2%), and 2-011-19: 0cyc (3%). This profile is similar to the CFA profile of Pandoraea, a recently described genus associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients (T. Coenye et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 50:887-899, 2000). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (1,300 bp) for all nine strains indicated a high level (greater than or equal to 98.8%) of homogeneity with Pandoraea spp. type strains. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis (hydroxyapatite method; 70 degreesC) confirmed the identity of WO-2 with the genus Pandoraea and assigned three strains to Pandoraea apista and three to Pandoraea pnomenusa, and identified three additional ne,v genomospecies containing one strain each (ATCC BAA-108, ATCC BAA-109, ATCC BAA-110). This study also shows that Pandoraea isolates may be encountered in blood cultures from patients without cystic fibrosis. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Daneshvar, MI (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1819 EP 1826 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1819-1826.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900024 PM 11325997 ER PT J AU Ribot, EM Fitzgerald, C Kubota, K Swaminathan, B Barrett, TJ AF Ribot, EM Fitzgerald, C Kubota, K Swaminathan, B Barrett, TJ TI Rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; CLONES; SALI; MILK AB We developed a rapid pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol for subtyping Campylobacter isolates based on the standardized protocols used by PulseNet laboratories for the subtyping of other food-borne bacterial pathogens. Various combinations of buffers, reagents, reaction conditions (e.g., cell suspension concentration, lysis time, lysis temperature, and restriction enzyme concentration), and electrophoretic parameters were evaluated in an effort to devise a protocol that is simple, rapid, and robust. PFGE analysis of Campylobacter isolates can be completed in 24 to 30 h using this protocol, whereas the most widely used current protocols require 3 to 4 days to complete. Comparison of PFGE patterns obtained in six laboratories showed that subtyping results obtained using this protocol are highly reproducible. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ribot, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 255 Z9 262 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1889 EP 1894 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1889-1894.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900036 PM 11326009 ER PT J AU Liu, H Rodes, B Chen, CY Steiner, B AF Liu, H Rodes, B Chen, CY Steiner, B TI New tests for syphilis: Rational design of a PCR method for detection of Treponema pallidum in clinical specimens using unique regions of the DNA polymerase I gene SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; CHAIN-REACTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; GENITAL ULCERS; AMPLIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS AB A sensitive and specific PCR method to detect Treponema pallidum in clinical specimens was developed. PCR primers were designed based on two unique features of the DNA polymerase I gene (polA), The first distinctive characteristic is that the region codes for a high cysteine content and has low homology with similar regions of DNA polymerase I gene from known microorganisms, The second unique feature is the presence of four insertions in the gene. PCR tests using primers designed on the basis these regions reacted with various pathogenic T, pallidum subspecies but did not react with nonpathogenic treponemal species or other spirochetes. An additional 59 species of bacteria and viruses, including those that cause genital ulcers, tested negative. This PCR method is extremely robust and sensitive, The detection limit is about 10 to 25 organisms when analyzed on gel. However, the analytic sensitivity can be increased by at feast 1 log, to a detection limit of a single organism, when the ABI 310 Prism Genetic Analyzer is: used to detect fluorescence-labeled amplicons, We further used this test in a clinical setting and compared the results with results from a previously reported multiplex-PCR test (for T. pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus). We tested 112 genital ulcer specimens by the polA PCR, obtaining a sensitivity of 95.8% and a specificity of 95.7%. These results suggest dat the polA PCR is applicable as a routine clinical diagnostic test for syphilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop D13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 98 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1941 EP 1946 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1941-1946.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900045 PM 11326018 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Dobbie, H Kazembe, P Nwanyanwu, O McKnight, C Byrne, T Addison, RM Bell, M Reller, LB Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Dobbie, H Kazembe, P Nwanyanwu, O McKnight, C Byrne, T Addison, RM Bell, M Reller, LB Jarvis, WR TI Utility of paired BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC blood culture vials for detection of bacteremia, mycobacteremia, and fungemia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM INFECTIONS; VOLUME; ADULTS AB In previous bloodstream infection studies in Malawi, we inoculated blood from a single venesection into a single BACTEC MYCO/F LYTIC (MFL) vial, Inoculation of one vial, however, would be expected to reduce the sensitivity of bloodstream pathogen detection with MFL vials. To ascertain Be degree of this loss of sensitivity, blood was drawn from each of 228 febrile, adult inpatients in R Malawi and 5 mi of each blood sample was inoculated into each of two MFL vials. Of 228 paired vials, 51 (22%) were both positive, 172 (75%) were both negative, and 5 (3%) had discordant results. Bloodstream infection would have been detected in 11 (92%) of 12 patients with mycobacteremia and 38 (92%) of 41 patients with bacteremia had only one MFL vial been inoculated. Our study shows that a second MFL vial does not significantly increase diagnostic sensitivity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1960 EP 1962 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1960-1962.2001 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900049 PM 11326022 ER PT J AU Reischl, U Lehn, N Sanden, GN Loeffelholz, MJ AF Reischl, U Lehn, N Sanden, GN Loeffelholz, MJ TI Real-time PCR assay targeting IS481 of Bordetella pertussis and molecular basis for detecting Bordetella holmesii SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; PARAPERTUSSIS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; INSERTION; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION AB Detection of Bordetella holmesii by a real-time PCR assay targeting IS481 of Bordetella pertussis is reported. Sequencing of IS481-specific PCR products from B. pertussis and B. holmesii isolates revealed sequence homology. Restriction fragment length polymorphism demonstrated a low copy number of IS481-like sequences in B. holmesii. These results, and culture of B. holmesii from patients with cough, suggest that the specificity and predictive value of IS481-based PCR assays for pertussis may be compromised. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Iowa, State Hygien Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Reischl, U (reprint author), Univ Klinikum Regensburg, Inst Med Mikrobiol & Hyg, Franz Josef Str Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. NR 29 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1966 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1963-1966.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900050 PM 11326023 ER PT J AU Song, QS Zirnstein, GW Swaminathan, B Gold, BD AF Song, QS Zirnstein, GW Swaminathan, B Gold, BD TI Pretreatment with urea-hydrochloric acid enhances the isolation of Helicobacter pylori from contaminated specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENTAL PLAQUE; SALIVA; PURIFICATION; SAMPLES; FECES; PCR AB Human saliva seeded with H. pylori was incubated in urea-NCl and then cultured on nonselective media. Pretreatment with 0.06 N HCl-0.08 M urea for 5 min at 37 degreesC resulted in reproducible isolation of H. pylori, even at low inocula (less than or equal to 10(2) CFU/ml of saliva), despite the presence of large numbers of contaminating organisms. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gold, BD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, 2040 Ridgewood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK053708, DK-53708-01] NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1967 EP 1968 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1967-1968.2001 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429QF UT WOS:000168527900051 PM 11326024 ER PT J AU Aral, MM Guan, JB Maslia, ML AF Aral, MM Guan, JB Maslia, ML TI Identification of contaminant source location and release history in aquifers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DECISION VARIABLES; WELL LOCATIONS; PUMPING RATES; OPTIMIZATION; REMEDIATION AB In this study, we formulate a contaminant source characterization problem as a nonlinear optimization model, in which contaminant source locations and release histories are defined as explicit unknown variables. The optimization model selected is the standard model, in which the residuals between the simulated and measured contaminant concentrations at observation sites are minimized. In the proposed formulation, simulated concentrations at the observation locations are implicitly embedded into the optimization model through the solution of ground-water flow and contaminant fate and transport simulation models. It is well known that repeated solutions of these models, which is a necessary component of the optimization process, dominate the computational cost and adversely affect the efficiency of this approach. To simplify this computationally intensive process, a new combinatorial approach, identified as the progressive genetic algorithm, is proposed for the solution of the nonlinear optimization model. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approach provides a robust tool for the solution of ground-water contaminant source identification problems. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, MESL, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, DHAC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aral, MM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, MESL, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 14 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(225) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 479YM UT WOS:000171431800006 ER PT J AU Ballon-Landa, GR Gherardi, G Beall, B Krosner, S Nizet, V AF Ballon-Landa, GR Gherardi, G Beall, B Krosner, S Nizet, V TI Necrotizing fasciitis due to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: Case report and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Review ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL CELLULITIS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PNEUMOLYSIN; PATHOGENESIS; CLINDAMYCIN AB Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening infection involving rapid necrosis of subcutaneous and fascial tissues. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) soft tissue infection is exceedingly uncommon, reported primarily in patients with immunosuppression or other underlying conditions. We report a case of NF and septic shock in a healthy 32-year-old man, whose only predisposing factor was antecedent blunt trauma. Pathological examination and culture of the extensive-tissue debridement were positive only for SPN. The serotype 9V isolate was penicillin (PCN)-resistant (MIC=2.0), and closely-related by pulse field gel electrophoresis and multilocus fingerprinting to clone France 9V-3, an important genetic reservoir for increasing PCN-resistance worldwide. This unique case has implications for our pathogenic understanding and empiric management of NT. (C) 2001 The British Infection Society. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Scripps Mercy Hosp, Dept Med, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Mercy Hosp, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP Nizet, V (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Infect Dis, MC 0672, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Gherardi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6010-3157 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 BP 272 EP 277 DI 10.1053/jinf.2001.0801 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 456QJ UT WOS:000170093500008 PM 11545571 ER PT J AU Strebel, P Nordin, J Edwards, K Hunt, J Besser, J Burns, S Amundson, G Baughman, A Wattigney, W AF Strebel, P Nordin, J Edwards, K Hunt, J Besser, J Burns, S Amundson, G Baughman, A Wattigney, W TI Population-based incidence of pertussis among adolescents and adults, Minnesota, 1995-1996 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP S African Med Res Council, Harry Crossley Fdn, Univ Stellenbosch ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERSISTENT COUGH; INFECTION; MASSACHUSETTS; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; FREQUENCY; OUTBREAK AB To estimate the incidence of pertussis, a prospective study was done among members of a managed care organization in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. Of 212 patients 10-49 years old enrolled from January 1995 through December 1996, 8 were found to be culture positive, 10 were found to be positive by polymerase chain reaction assay, 13 had a greater than or equal to2-fold increase in IgG or IgA to pertussis toxin (PT), and 18 had IgG to PT in a single serum specimen greater than or equal to3 SD above the mean of an age-matched control group. At least 1 positive laboratory test result for pertussis infection was found in 27 (13%) patients, among whom the duration of cough illness was a median of 42 days (range, 27-66 days). On the basis of any positive laboratory result, the estimated annual incidence of pertussis was 507 cases per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 307-706 cases). Bordetella pertussis infection may be a more common cause of cough illness among adolescents and adults than was recognized previously. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab Div, Minneapolis, MN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. RP Strebel, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Room 2223,Bldg 12,Corp Sq Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 9 BP 1353 EP 1359 DI 10.1086/319853 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420FG UT WOS:000167993400006 PM 11294666 ER PT J AU Bisgard, KM Christie, CDC Reising, SF Sanden, GN Cassiday, PK Gomersall, C Wattigney, WA Roberts, NE Strebel, PM AF Bisgard, KM Christie, CDC Reising, SF Sanden, GN Cassiday, PK Gomersall, C Wattigney, WA Roberts, NE Strebel, PM TI Molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile: Cincinnati, 1989-1996 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 11-15, 1998 CL DENVER, CO SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WHOOPING-COUGH; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; STRAINS AB Reported cases of pertussis have increased in the United States, with peaks occurring every few years. Bordetella pertussis isolates collected in Cincinnati from 1989 to 1996 were analyzed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), to evaluate trends. Among 496 isolates, 30 PFGE profiles were identified; 32% were CYXXI-010, the profile that predominated each year. Eighteen profiles (198 strains) were identified in 1989-1992, 20 profiles (197 strains) were identified during the 1993 epidemic, and 11 profiles (101 strains) were identified in 1994-1996. From 1989 to 1996, among 42 patients, isolates from household members in 17 (89%) of 19 households had concordant PFGE profiles. There was no association between PFGE profile and seasonality, age, and hospitalization or pneumonia in infants <1 year old. The 1993 epidemic was associated primarily with an increased prevalence of PFGE profiles that circulated before and after 1993, which suggests that the epidemic was due to factors other than the emergence of a novel B. pertussis strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bisgard, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbisgard@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 9 BP 1360 EP 1367 DI 10.1086/319858 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420FG UT WOS:000167993400007 PM 11294667 ER PT J AU McDonald, AC Mac Kenzie, WR Addiss, DG Gradus, MS Linke, G Zembrowski, E Hurd, MR Arrowood, MJ Lammie, PJ Priest, JW AF McDonald, AC Mac Kenzie, WR Addiss, DG Gradus, MS Linke, G Zembrowski, E Hurd, MR Arrowood, MJ Lammie, PJ Priest, JW TI Cryptosporidium parvum - Specific antibody responses among children residing in Milwaukee during the 1993 waterborne outbreak SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID INFECTION; ANTIGENS AB A major gastroenteritis outbreak among >400,000 residents of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in April 1993 was attributed to Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in drinking water. Plasma specimens obtained from children (6 months to 12 years old) for routine blood lead level surveillance March-May 1993 were assayed by ELISA for levels of IgG antibody against the immunodominant Triton-17 and 27-kDa C. parvum antigens. Over a 5-week period, the seroprevalence for antibodies to the 2 antigens increased from 15% to 82% and from 17% to 87%, respectively, in samples from children living in southern ZIP code areas (n = 218), whereas smaller increases (20% to 43% and 22% to 46%, respectively) were noted among samples from children living in northern ZIP code areas (n = 335; P < .0001). The results demonstrate that C. parvum infection was much more widespread than previously appreciated and confirm that infection was associated with residence in the area served by the southern water treatment plant. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. City Milwaukee Bur Publ Hlth Labs, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 18 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 9 BP 1373 EP 1379 DI 10.1086/319862 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420FG UT WOS:000167993400009 PM 11294669 ER PT J AU Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L Ghys, PD Koblavi-Deme, S Bile, C Kalou, M Ya, LK Traore-Ettiegne, V Maurice, C Laga, M Wiktor, SZ Greenberg, AE AF Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L Ghys, PD Koblavi-Deme, S Bile, C Kalou, M Ya, LK Traore-Ettiegne, V Maurice, C Laga, M Wiktor, SZ Greenberg, AE TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plasma virus load and markers of immune activation among HIV-infected female sex workers with sexually transmitted diseases in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA ID TRANSMISSION; LYMPHOCYTES; RNA AB Plasma levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and markers of immune activation were compared among HIV-1-infected female sex workers (FSWs) with (n = 112) and without (n = 88) sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. After adjustment for CD4(+) T cells, the median virus load was 2.5-fold higher among HIV-seropositive FSWs with STDs than among those without an STD (P = .053). Median virus load was higher for FSWs with a genital ulcer (P = .052) or gonorrhoea (P = .058) than for FSWs without any STD. Median levels of markers of immune activation (CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8(+) T cells, soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor II, and beta (2)-microglobulin) tended to be elevated, albeit nonsignificantly, among FSWs in the STD group. These findings have important public health implications in elaborating strategies for decreasing disease progression and transmission of HIV among FSWs. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 9 BP 1405 EP 1408 DI 10.1086/319855 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420FG UT WOS:000167993400014 PM 11294674 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Hanson, DL Navin, TR AF Dworkin, MS Hanson, DL Navin, TR CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Survival of patients with AIDS, after diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; INTENSIVE-CARE; SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; MUTATIONS; OUTCOMES AB To examine survival after diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and factors associated with early death (during the month of or the month after diagnosis of PCP), data were analyzed from the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum HIV Disease project. Among 4412 patients with 5222 episodes of PCP during follow-up (1992-1998), survival at >1 month after diagnosis was 82%, and survival at greater than or equal to 12 months after diagnosis was 47%; 12-month survival increased from 40% in 1992-1993 to 63% in 1996-1998. By multiple logistic regression analysis, early death was associated with history of PCP (odds ratio [OR], 1.4), age 45-59 years (OR, 1.9) or greater than or equal to 60 years (OR, 3.7), and CD4 cell count of 0-24 cells/muL (less than or equal to5 months before PCP; OR, 1.8) or 25-49 cells/muL (OR, 1.4) (P < .05). Concurrent prescription of combination an tiretroviral therapy (OR, 0.2) and other antiretroviral therapy (OR, 0.4) was associated with surviving the early period. This study shows improved survival after diagnosis of PCP in recent years, despite emergence of antibiotic-resistant mutant P. carinii strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Mail Stop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Andrade, Hugo/M-6631-2013 OI Andrade, Hugo/0000-0001-6781-6125 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 9 BP 1409 EP 1412 DI 10.1086/319866 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 420FG UT WOS:000167993400015 PM 11294675 ER PT J AU Taratuto, AL Lubieniecki, F Galli, S Valdovinos, B Drut, R Martinez, J Gallo, G Monges, J Visvesvara, G AF Taratuto, AL Lubieniecki, F Galli, S Valdovinos, B Drut, R Martinez, J Gallo, G Monges, J Visvesvara, G TI Balamuthia mandrillaris infection from a neurosurgical pediatric series. SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JP Garrahan Natl Pediat Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 60 IS 5 MA 213 BP 556 EP 556 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 433XW UT WOS:000168786800223 ER PT J AU Mei, JV Alexander, JR Adam, BW Hannon, WH AF Mei, JV Alexander, JR Adam, BW Hannon, WH TI Use of filter paper for the collection and analysis of human whole blood specimens SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Non- or Minimaily-Invasive Technologies for Monitoring Health and Nutritional Status in Mothers and Chil dren CY AUG 07-08, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TX DE newborn screening; dried blood spots; blood collection; quality assurance ID CHILDBEARING WOMEN; SPOT SAMPLES; PHENYLALANINE; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; VIRUS AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners have been operating the Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program for > 20 y. The program helps participating laboratories to evaluate and improve the quality of their newborn-screening testing efforts by providing quality control dried blood spot materials and proficiency-testing materials for the external evaluation of screening programs. The Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program provides an independent evaluation of filter papers approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the collection of blood for clinical tests. These activities have created a mechanism for the validation of the filter paper blood collection device and the standardization of materials and methods for the analysis of dried blood spots. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mei, JV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jmei@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 182 Z9 187 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 131 IS 5 BP 1631S EP 1636S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 432BH UT WOS:000168666400042 PM 11340130 ER PT J AU Park, RM AF Park, RM TI Mortality at an automotive engine foundry and machining complex SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; AUTOMOBILE-INDUSTRY; FLUID EXPOSURE; DEAD CONTROLS; IRON FOUNDRY; PROPORTIONAL MORTALITY; MANUFACTURING PLANTS; COHORT MORTALITY; CARBON-DISULFIDE; UNITED-STATES AB Mortality was analyzed for an automotive engine foundry and machining complex, with process exposures derived from department assignments. Logistic regression models of mortality odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for 2546 deaths, and numbers of work-related deaths were estimated. Lung cancer mortality in the foundry was increased where cleaning and finishing of castings was performed (OR, 1.7; 95 % CI, 1.15 to 2.4 [at mean exposure duration of exposed cases]) and in core-making after 1967 (OR, 1.5; 95 % CI, 1.11 to 2.0). Black workers had excess lung cancer mortality in machining heat-treat operations (OR, 2.5, 95 % CI, 1.4 to 4.3) and excess nonmalignant respiratory disease mortality in molding (OR, 2.5; 95 % CI, 1.16 to 5.5) and core-making (OR, 2.7; 95 % CI, 1.25 to 5.8). Stomach cancer mortality was elevated among workers with metalworking fluid exposures in precision grinding (OR, 2.4; 95 % CI, 1.14 to 5.1). Heart disease mortality was increased among all workers in molding (OR, 1.6; 95 % CI, 1.09 to 2.3), as was stroke mortality among workers exposed to metalworking fluids (OR, 1.8; 95 % CI; 1.22 to 2.7). Malignant and nonmalignant liver disease mortality was elevated in assembly/testing and precision grinding. In this modern foundry, 11 % of deaths were estimated to be work-related despite it's being largely in regulatory compliance over its 40-year existence. Machining plant exposures accounted for 3 % or more of deaths there. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch C15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. United Auto Workers, Int Union, Hlth & Safety Dept, Detroit, MI USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch C15, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 71 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 43 IS 5 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1097/00043764-200105000-00009 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 432MA UT WOS:000168694600008 PM 11382184 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA Paulozzi, LJ Rhodenhiser, EP AF Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA Paulozzi, LJ Rhodenhiser, EP TI Risk for birth defects among premature infants: A population-based study SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID GESTATIONAL-AGE; PRETERM DELIVERY; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; WEIGHT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; RETARDATION; PREVALENCE; OUTCOMES AB Objective: To investigate the relationship between prematurity and birth defects. Study design: In a population-based cohort study, infants with birth defects were ascertained through the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects program, a surveillance system with active methods of ascertainment. Gestational age data were obtained from birth certificates of liveborn, singleton infants with and without birth defects born in the 5-county metropolitan Atlanta area. Results: Among 264,392 infants with known gestational ages born between 1989 and 1995, 7738 were identified as having birth defects (2.93%). Premature infants (<37 weeks' gestation) were more than two times as likely to have birth defects than term infants (37-41 weeks) (risk ratio = 2.43; 95% CI 2.30-2.56). This relationship was evident for several categories of birth defects. The rate of birth defects varied by gestational age categories, with the highest risk in the 29- to 32-week gestational age category (risk ratio = 3.37). Conclusions: The risk for birth defects is increased in premature infants. Awareness of this relationship is important for clinicians caring for premature infants. The morbidity and mortality associated with a particular defect may be significantly altered by the presence of prematurity. Further study of this association may provide insight into the etiology of these relatively common problems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 30 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 138 IS 5 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.112249 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 431LY UT WOS:000168633800013 PM 11343041 ER PT J AU Dentinger, CM Heinrich, NL Bell, BP Fox, LM Katz, DJ Culver, DH Shapiro, CN AF Dentinger, CM Heinrich, NL Bell, BP Fox, LM Katz, DJ Culver, DH Shapiro, CN TI A prevalence study of hepatitis A virus infection in a migrant community: Is hepatitis A vaccine indicated? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK AB Background: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine hepatitis A vaccination of children living in communities with high rates of hepatitis A. Rates among children living in migrant farm worker families are unknown. Methods: Participants recruited from the 1243 migrant children aged 2 to 18 years in Okeechobee County, Florida, were administered a questionnaire. A blood sample was taken for testing for antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), and hepatitis A vaccine was administered. Results: Of 244 (20%) participating children, 125 (51%) were anti-HAV-positive. Seropositivity increased with age from 34% (2- to 5-year-olds) to 81% (greater than or equal to 14-year-olds) (P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.2/year; 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.3), having a Mexican-born father (OR = 12.2; 95% CI = 2.2 to 227.9), and age on moling to the United States (OR = 1.3/year; 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.6) were independently associated with anti-HAV positivity. Among US-born children aged 2 to 5 years who had never left the United States, 33% were anti-HAV-positive. Conclusions: Anti-HAV prevalence among migrant children in Okeechobee County including the youngest US-born children, is high, indicating ongoing transmission of HAV. Children in this and other US migrant communities may benefit from hepatitis A vaccination. C1 CDCP, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Okeechobee Cty Hlth Dept, Okeechobee, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Miami, FL USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, HST, Serv Pediat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), CDCP, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 138 IS 5 BP 705 EP 709 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.112652 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 431LY UT WOS:000168633800021 PM 11343047 ER PT J AU Goldstein, ST Cassidy, WM Hodgson, W Mahoney, FJ AF Goldstein, ST Cassidy, WM Hodgson, W Mahoney, FJ TI Factors associated with student participation in a school-based hepatitis B immunization program SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION; EXPERIENCE AB This study examined the relationship between participation in a school-based hepatitis B immunization program and teacher attitudes toward school-based health care and student socioeconomic factors. A sun ey addressing teachers' attitudes was administered to all teachers participating in the program. Information regarding student participation in school lunch programs and scores on national standardized tests were collected. Of the 4,874 fifth-grade students targeted for the program, 3,483 (72%) consented to be vaccinated and 3,232 (93% of 3,483) received all three doses of vaccine. Socioeconomic factors were the most important predictors of student participation in this school-based immunization program. Participation was significantly lower among students in schools With a. high proportion of students receiving free or reduced-price school lunch and with tory test scores. The only teacher factor associated with student participation was whether the teacher had returned the questionnaire,e. Strategies to increase immunization coverage in school-based programs should target children of low socioeconomic status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Earl K Long Med Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. RP Goldstein, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, MS G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAY PY 2001 VL 71 IS 5 BP 184 EP 187 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 437TT UT WOS:000169010200004 PM 11393930 ER PT J AU Manski, RJ Moeller, JF Maas, WR AF Manski, RJ Moeller, JF Maas, WR TI Dental services - An analysis of utilization over 20 years SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARE; AMERICANS AB Background. Utilization studies serve as an important tool for oral health policy decision-making. A number of important reports have been published that help to characterize the dental utilization patterns of most Americans. For the most part, these studies have focused on utilization estimates for a particular survey period or year. Fewer studies have examined changing utilization patterns over time. Methods. This article focuses on dental utilization and the changes in utilization for the civilian, community-based U.S. population during 1977, 1987 and 1996. Using data from the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey, National Medical Expenditure Survey and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, the authors provide national estimates of dental visits for each of several socioeconomic and demographic categories during 1977, 1987 and 1996. Results. Although the dental use rates for children between 6 and 18 years of age were the highest of any age group in each of the three years studied, the use rate for children and the elderly increased during this same 20-year period. Data also showed that the gap in use rates between lower- and higher-income people widened during the 20-year period. Generally, use rates according to sex and race/ethnicity were unchanged in each of the survey years, except for a narrowing of the gap between whites and nonwhites by 1996. Conclusion. These data are unique and comparable and establish a mechanism by which dental visits can be compared during a 20-year period. While aggregate utilization rates generally were stable during this 20-year period, some differences within socioeconomic and demographic groups are notable. For instance, the use rate increased during the 20-year period for people 65 years of age and older and for children younger than 6 years of age. Practice Implications. By understanding these analyses, U.S. dentists will be better positioned to provide care and meet the needs of all Americans. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Care Delivery, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Cost & Financing Studies, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Manski, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Care Delivery, 666 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 20 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 132 IS 5 BP 655 EP 664 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 431UT UT WOS:000168650700021 PM 11367970 ER PT J AU Tengelsen, LA Bowen, RA Royals, MA Campbell, GL Komar, N Craven, RB AF Tengelsen, LA Bowen, RA Royals, MA Campbell, GL Komar, N Craven, RB TI Response to and efficacy of vaccination against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in emus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Convention of the American-Veterinary-Medical-Association CY 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Vet Med Assoc ID ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; DROMAIUS-NOVAEHOLLANDIAE; NEUTRALIZATION; INFECTION AB Objective - To evaluate humoral immune responses of emus vaccinated with commercially available equine polyvalent or experimental monovalent eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus and western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus vaccines and to determine whether vaccinated emus were protected against challenge with EEE virus. Design - Cohort study. Animals - 25 emus. Procedure - Birds were randomly assigned to groups (n = 5/group) and vaccinated with 1 of 2 commercially available polyvalent equine vaccines, a monovalent EEE virus vaccine, or a monovalent WEE virus vaccine or were not vaccinated. Neutralizing antibody responses against EEE and WEE viruses were examined at regular intervals for up to 9 months. All emus vaccinated with the equine vaccines and 2 unvaccinated control birds were challenged with EEE virus. An additional unvaccinated bird was housed with the control birds to assess the possibility of contact transmission. Results - All 4 vaccines induced detectable neutralizing antibody titers, and all birds vaccinated with the equine vaccines were fully protected against an otherwise lethal dose of EEE virus. Unvaccinated challenged birds developed viremia (> 10(9) plaque-forming units/ml of blood) and shed virus in feces, oral secretions, and regurgitated material. The unvaccinated pen-mate became infected in the absence of mosquito vectors, presumably as a result of direct virus transmission between birds. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Results indicate that emus infected with EEE virus develop a high-titer viremia and suggest that they may serve as important virus reservoirs, infected emus shed EEE virus in secretions and excretions, making them a direct hazard to pen-mates and attending humans. Commercially available polyvalent equine vaccines protect emus against EEE virus infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tengelsen, LA (reprint author), Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, 450 W State St, Boise, ID 83720 USA. OI Royals, Michael/0000-0003-3639-3101 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 218 IS 9 BP 1469 EP 1473 DI 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1469 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 427BX UT WOS:000168385900031 PM 11345313 ER PT J AU Davis, BS Chang, GJJ Cropp, B Roehrig, JT Martin, DA Mitchell, CJ Bowen, R Bunning, ML AF Davis, BS Chang, GJJ Cropp, B Roehrig, JT Martin, DA Mitchell, CJ Bowen, R Bunning, ML TI West Nile virus recombinant DNA vaccine protects mouse and horse from virus challenge and expresses in vitro a noninfectious recombinant antigen that can be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; GENETIC IMMUNIZATION; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; ELECTRIC PULSES; NEW-YORK; MICE; ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY AB Introduction of West Nile (WN) virus into the United States in 1999 created major human and animal health concerns, Currently, no human or veterinary vaccine is available to prevent WN viral infection, and mosquito control is the only practical strategy to combat the spread of disease. Starting with a previously designed eukaryotic expression vector, we constructed a recombinant plasmid (pCBWN) that expressed the WN virus prM and E proteins. A single intramuscular injection of pCBWN DNA induced protective immunity, preventing WN virus infection in mice and horses. Recombinant plasmid-transformed COS-1 cells expressed and secreted high levels of WN virus prM and E proteins into the culture medium. The medium was treated with polyethylene glycol to concentrate proteins. The resultant, containing high-titered recombinant WN virus antigen, proved to be an excellent alternative to the more traditional suckling-mouse brain WN virus antigen used in the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture and indirect IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. This recombinant antigen has great potential to become the antigen of choice and will facilitate the standardization of reagents and implementation of WN virus surveillance in the United States and elsewhere. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 39 TC 278 Z9 290 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 75 IS 9 BP 4040 EP 4047 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.9.4040-4047.2001 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 421PN UT WOS:000168072900003 PM 11287553 ER PT J AU Gupta, M Mahanty, S Bray, M Ahmed, R Rollin, PE AF Gupta, M Mahanty, S Bray, M Ahmed, R Rollin, PE TI Passive transfer of antibodies protects immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice against lethal Ebola virus infection without complete inhibition of viral replication SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RIBAVIRIN; THERAPY AB Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a severe, usually fatal illness caused by Ebola virus, a member of the filovirus family. The use of nonhomologous immune serum in animal studies and blood from survivors in two anecdotal reports of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in humans has shown promise, but the efficacy of these treatments has not been demonstrated definitively. We have evaluated the protective efficacy of polyclonal immune serum in a mouse model of Ebola virus infection. Our results demonstrate that mice infected subcutaneously with live Ebola virus survive infection and generate high levels of anti-Ebola virus immunoglobulin G (IgG). Passive transfer of immune serum from these mice before challenge protected upto 100% of naive mice against lethal Ebola virus infection. Protection correlated with the level of anti-Ebola virus IgG titers, and passive treatment with high-titer antiserum was associated with a delay in the peak of viral replication. Transfer of immune serum to SCID mice resulted in 100% survival after lethal challenge with Ebola virus, indicating that antibodies alone can protect from lethal disease. Thus antibodies suppress or delay viral growth, provide protection against lethal Ebola virus infection, and may not require participation of other immune components for protection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 NR 24 TC 81 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 75 IS 10 BP 4649 EP 4654 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.10.4649-4654.2001 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 425UD UT WOS:000168309300019 PM 11312335 ER PT J AU Lu, XH Renshaw, M Tumpey, TM Kelly, GD Hu-Primmer, J Katz, JM AF Lu, XH Renshaw, M Tumpey, TM Kelly, GD Hu-Primmer, J Katz, JM TI Immunity to influenza A H9N2 viruses induced by infection and vaccination SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A H5N1 VIRUS; T-CELL DETERMINANT; AVIAN INFLUENZA; HONG-KONG; HEMAGGLUTININ; RECOGNITION; PROTECTION; ANTIBODY; MICE; OLIGOSACCHARIDE AB Avian influenza A H9N2 viruses are widespread among domestic poultry and were recently isolated from humans with respiratory illness in China. Two antigenically and genetically distinct groups of H9N2 viruses (G1 and G9) are prevalent in China. To evaluate a strategy for vaccination, we compared G1 and G9 viruses for their relative immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy. Infection of BALB/c mice with representative viruses of either group protected against subsequent challenge with the homologous or heterologous H9N2 virus in the absence of detectable cross-reactive serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody. Mice injected intramuscularly with inactivated G1 whole virus vaccine were completely protected from challenge with either H9N2 virus. In contrast, mice administered inactivated G9 vaccine were only partially protected against heterologous challenge with the G1 virus. These results have implications for the development of human vaccines against H9N2 viruses, a priority for pandemic preparedness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, DVRD, NCID, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 75 IS 10 BP 4896 EP 4901 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.10.4896-4901.2001 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 425UD UT WOS:000168309300045 PM 11312361 ER PT J AU Diaz, T Vlahov, D Greenberg, B Cuevas, Y Garfein, R AF Diaz, T Vlahov, D Greenberg, B Cuevas, Y Garfein, R TI Sexual orientation and HIV infection prevalence among young Latino injection drug users in Harlem SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; BEHAVIORAL RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HEPATITIS-C; PUERTO-RICO; WOMEN; SEROPREVALENCE; HISPANICS; EPIDEMIC; LESBIANS AB Among injection drug users (IDUs), those at highest risk for HIV infection include Latinos, young women, and young men who have sex with men (homosexual men). We examined how HIV infection prevalence is affected by gender and sexual orientation among young Latino IDUs in New York City. We used baseline data from a cohort study of young (18-30 years) IDUs in Harlem, New York City, conducted from 1997 through 1999. Participants were asked about drug use and sexual behaviors, and blood was taken for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viral antibody testing. Of 156 participants who self-identified as Latino, 145 (94%) were Puerto Rican. Overall, 101 (65%) were heterosexual men, 11 (7%) were men who have sex with men (MSM), 32 (20%) were heterosexual women, and 12 (8%) were women who have sex with women (WSW). Of the whole cohort, 17 (11%) were HIV positive. HIV infection rates were higher among WSW (42%, p < 0.05), heterosexual women (16%, p < 0.05), and homosexual men (18%, p = 0.09) than heterosexual men (5%). Compared with heterosexual men, homosexual men were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to have received money or drugs for sex (64% versus 33%), and WSW were significantly more likely to have had unprotected sex with an IDU 5 years or more older (50% versus 16%). Multivariate analysis showed being a WSW (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78-42.26) and having unprotected sex with an older IDU (AOR = 7.01, 95% CI 2.23-21.96) to be associated with HIV infection. Sexual transmission may account for many HIV infections among young Latino IDUs. The high prevalence of HIV infection among WSW may, in part, be due to their having unprotected sex with older men, but studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Global AIDS Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vlahov, D (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 10 IS 4 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1089/152460901750269698 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 441JY UT WOS:000169228300010 PM 11445028 ER PT J AU Smith, TL Smith, JM AF Smith, TL Smith, JM TI Electrosurgery in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: Principles, advances, and complications SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE electrosurgery; complication; coagulation; electocautery; electromagnetic interference ID RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION; VOLUMETRIC TISSUE REDUCTION; ENDOTRACHEAL-TUBE IGNITION; TEMPERATURE; PACEMAKER; ELECTRODE; ELECTROCAUTERY; INTERFERENCE; THERMISTOR; ACCURACY AB Objectives/Hypothesis: Electrosurgical instruments are routinely used in many applications by otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons; and a complete description of their historical development, physics of operation, histological effects, and technological advancements is necessary for our specialty to take full advantage of this instrumentation. Because of the electrical current, heat production, and common use associated with these instruments, compounded by the complex environments in which they are used, potential complications must be considered and are likely underreported in the literature. This thesis describes the important aspects of electrosurgery along with a study of complications so otolaryngologists can use these instruments to their fullest potential while limiting complications. Study Design: National survey of electrosurgical complications. Methods: A survey addressing potential complications of electrosurgery was developed based on a review of the electrosurgical and complications literature. The electrosurgical complications were organized in the following categories: 1) unanticipated direct burns as a result of the active electrode contacting some tissue unintentionally; 2) unintentional burns as a result of capacitive coupling where radiofrequency (RF) current passes through a metallic instrument (such as forceps) and burns tissue in contact with that metallic instrument; 3) fires occurring as a result of electrosurgical instruments; 4) electromagnetic interference with a pacemaker, defibrillator, or cardiac monitoring device; and 5) other complications not included in the previous categories. The survey was mailed to the 620 members of the Society of University of Otolaryngologists. Results: Of the 620 surveys mailed, 35 were returned by the post office for lack of a forwarding address and 296 were returned completed for a response rate of 49.7%. The respondents performed a total of 99,664 cases in the previous year. During that year, 324 complications related to electrosurgical instruments were reported. These included 219 unanticipated direct burns, 48 burns as a result current flow through a metallic retractor or instrument (capacitative coupling), 13 grounding pad burns, 11 fires, 32 cases of electromagnetic interference, and 1 hair loss at an incision site as a result of a cutting electrosurgical instrument. Information regarding the circumstances surrounding these complications and outcome are presented. Conclusions: Electrosurgery has proliferated since its original application by William T. Bovie and Harvey Cushing in the 1920s. Because surgeons use this technology frequently, a thorough understanding of these instruments and their potential complications is critical to their safe and successful use. Electrosurgical units operate on basic fundamental principles of physics and involve the passage of electrical current through tissue to create the desired tissue effect. With knowledge of the history, physics, techniques, histological effects, and safety issues of electrosurgery, the field will continue to proliferate and electrosurgery will continue to assist surgeons in alleviating human suffering. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Otolaryngol & Commun Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Otolaryngol & Commun Sci, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM TLSMITH@mcw.edu NR 62 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0023-852X EI 1531-4995 J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD MAY PY 2001 VL 111 IS 5 BP 769 EP 780 DI 10.1097/00005537-200105000-00004 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 431EM UT WOS:000168618900004 PM 11359154 ER PT J AU Jensen-Cain, DM Quinn, FD AF Jensen-Cain, DM Quinn, FD TI Differential expression of sigE by Mycobacterium tuberculosis during intracellular growth SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; sigma factor; macrophage; differential gene expression ID ABC TRANSPORTER GENE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MACROPHAGES; STRESS; PHAGOCYTOSIS; CONVERSION; VIRULENCE; SURVIVAL; PROTEIN; BIOLOGY AB The Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigE gene encodes a sigma factor that is a member of the extracytoplasmic function subfamily of sigma factors. Using RT-PCR we demonstrated that sigE is expressed in M. tuberculosis bacilli during growth in human macrophages beginning after 30 min but before 6 h after infection through at least 5 days after infection, but that sigE is not expressed by M. tuberculosis bacteria during growth in Middlebrook 7H9 broth medium. However, sigE expression can be induced by treatment of broth cultures with hydrogen peroxide. Further, sigE is not expressed by M. tuberculosis bacilli during attachment or growth in type II pneumocytes. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene fused to the sigE promoter, we observed induction of GFP expression following macrophage infection. Western blotting confirmed that sigE protein expression correlated with mRNA expression in induced systems. Analysis of the region of the M. tuberculosis genome encoding sigE suggested it is part of an operon consisting of sigE-orf1-htrA-orf2. The data presented in this report showed that sigE is differentially expressed by M. tuberculosis bacilli in macrophages and might play a role in the pathogenesis of this organism. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1006/mpat.2001.0431 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 440GH UT WOS:000169167200002 PM 11373121 ER PT J AU Cox, DL Radolf, JD AF Cox, DL Radolf, JD TI Insertion of fluorescent fatty acid probes into the outer membranes of the pathogenic spirochaetes Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; fatty acid metabolism; membrane fluidity ID FRACTURE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LIMITED SURFACE EXPOSURE; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; LATERAL DIFFUSION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SYPHILIS SPIROCHETE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSP PALLIDUM; LIPID PROBES; PROTEIN AB The authors examined the ability of octadecanoyl (C-18), hexadecanoyl (C-16) and dodecanoyl (C-12) fatty acid (FA) conjugates of 5-aminofluorescein (OAF, HAF and DAF, respectively) to insert into the outer membranes (OMs) of Treponema pallidum, Borrelia burgdorferi and Escherichia coli. Biophysical studies have demonstrated that these compounds stably insert into phospholipid bilayers with the acyl chain within the hydrophobic interior of the apical leaflet and the hydrophilic fluorescein moiety near the phospholipid head groups, Consistent with the known poor intrinsic permeability of the E. coli OM to hydrophobic compounds and surfactants, E. coli was not labelled with any of the FA probes, OAF inserted more readily into OMs of B. burgdorferi than into those of T, pallidum, although both organisms were completely labelled at concentrations at or below 2 mug ml(-1). Intact spirochaetes were labelled with OAF but not with antibodies against known periplasmic antigens, thereby confirming that the probe interacted exclusively with the spirochaetal OMs, Separate experiments in which organisms were cooled to 4 degreesC (i.e. below the OM phase-transition temperatures) indicated that labelling with OAF was due to insertion of the probe into the OMs, B, burgdorferi, but not T, pallidum, was labelled by relatively high concentrations of HAF and DAF. Taken as a whole, these findings support the prediction that the lack of lipopolysaccharide renders T, pallidum and B, burgdorferi OMs markedly more permeable to lipophilic compounds than their Gram-negative bacterial counterparts. The data also raise the intriguing possibility that these two pathogenic spirochaetes obtain long-chain FAs, nutrients they are unable to synthesize, by direct permeation of their OMs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial STD Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Cox, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial STD Branch, Mailstop D-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26756, AI-29735] NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAY PY 2001 VL 147 BP 1161 EP 1169 PN 5 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 429JN UT WOS:000168513600009 PM 11320119 ER PT J AU Ervin, RB Smiciklas-Wright, H AF Ervin, RB Smiciklas-Wright, H TI Accuracy in estimating and recalling portion sizes of foods among elderly adults SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dietary methodology; elderly adults; portion-size estimation; memory ID DIETARY RECALLS; AGE-DIFFERENCES; ENERGY-INTAKE; OLDER ADULTS; VALIDITY; RECORDS; WOMEN; MEN AB This study examined older adults' abilities to estimate portion sizes of foods and remember these amounts. Ninety-four men and women 58 years and older were asked to judge portion sizes of two sets of 5 foods without using portion-size measurement aids. Subjects were also given memory tests. Subjects were given an unannounced recall test for the foods and amounts they estimated later the same day and again the following day. Results indicated that many elderly subjects could not accurately estimate quantities of foods or remember the amounts they had estimated. Most answers were within 25 to 50 percent of subjects' original estimates. Recent use of measuring utensils improved the accuracy of estimated amounts, and memory performance was weakly associated with accurate recall of amounts. We concluded that elderly people do not retain precise mental images of portion sizes but have general concepts of the amounts. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ervin, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 5 BP 703 EP 713 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00288-3 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 432HA UT WOS:000168685100002 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Lopez, A Wilson, M Schulkin, J Gibbs, R AF Jones, JL Lopez, A Wilson, M Schulkin, J Gibbs, R TI Congenital toxoplasmosis: A review SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GONDII INFECTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; CATS; TRANSMISSION AB Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, In the United States, approximately 85% of women of childbearing age are susceptible to acute infection with T, gondii, Acute infections in pregnant women may cause serious health problems when the organism is transmitted to the fetus (congenital toxoplasmosis), including mental retardation, seizures, blindness, and death. An estimated 400 to 4000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur in the U.S. each year, Manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis may not become apparent until the second or third decade of life, Serologic tests are used to diagnose acute infection in pregnant women, but false-positive tests occur frequently, therefore, serologic diagnosis must be confirmed at a reference laboratory before treatment with potentially toxic drugs should be considered, Much of congenital toxoplasmosis can be prevented by educating women of childbearing age and pregnant women to avoid eating raw or undercooked meat, to avoid cross-contamination of other foods with raw or undercooked meat, and to use proper cat-litter and soil-related hygiene, Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to outline the biology of toxoplasmosis, to explain the methods of transmission of toxoplasmosis, and to identify the methods used to diagnose toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reference Immunodiagnost Lab, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reference Immunodiagnost Lab, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JLJ@cdc.gov NR 89 TC 119 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 56 IS 5 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1097/00006254-200105000-00025 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 428NK UT WOS:000168467600003 PM 11333376 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Merritt, R Beck, LF Rogers, M AF Ahluwalia, IB Merritt, R Beck, LF Rogers, M TI Multiple lifestyle and psychosocial risks and delivery of small for gestational age infants SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS; LIFE-STYLE; HEALTH BEHAVIORS; PRETERM DELIVERY; PREGNANT-WOMEN; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED-STATES; OUTCOMES; SMOKING AB Objective: To examine the occurrence of multiple risk behaviors during pregnancy among women who delivered a live birth and to examine the risk of delivering small for gestational age (SGA) infants for women with multiple risks. Methods: We used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System to conduct the research. Pregnancy Risk Assessment System is a population-based, mixed-mode surveillance system that collects information on maternal behaviors and experiences. We used data for 1997 from 13 (n = 19,331) states that had response rates of over 70%. We considered ten self-reported individual risk behaviors or exposures leg, smoking unintended pregnancy) and several demographic variables. The main outcome was SGA. Results: Pregnant women engage in or are exposed to multiple risks and often these risks are inter-related. The occurrence of multiple risks appears to be associated with an increased likelihood of delivering an SGA infant. Compared with women with no reported risks or exposures, the adjusted odds ratios for delivering an SGA infant were as follows: 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69, 2.43) for one, 1.86 (95% CI 1.00, 3.44) for two, 1.67 (95% CI 0.90, 3.10) for three, 206 (95% CI 1.14 3.89) for four, 3.53 (95% CI 1.71, 7.30) for five, and 3.82 (95% CI 1.97, 7.41) for six or more risks or exposures. Conclusion: A large proportion of pregnant women engage in or are exposed to multiple risks. Women with a larger number of risks are at greater risk for delivering an SGA infant than women with fewer or no risks. (Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:649-56. (C) 2001 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. TRW Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 97 IS 5 BP 649 EP 656 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01324-2 PN 1 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 429CE UT WOS:000168497800002 PM 11339910 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK DaSilva, AJ Cranfield, MR Nizeyi, JB Kalema, GRNN Pieniazek, NJ AF Graczyk, TK DaSilva, AJ Cranfield, MR Nizeyi, JB Kalema, GRNN Pieniazek, NJ TI Cryptosporidium parvum Genotype 2 infections in free-ranging mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) of the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB For behavioral research and due to growing ecotourism, some populations of free-ranging mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) have become habituated to humans. Molecular analysis of two Cryptosporidium sp. oocyst isolates originating from two human-habituated gorilla groups and two oocyst isolates from non-habituated gorillas yielded positive identification of C. parvum Genotype 2 (G2; i.e., "cattle", "animal-adapted", or "zoonotic"). As G2 is cross-transmissible between humans and animals, C. parvum infections can be propagated in the habitats of human-habituated, ti-ee-ranging gorillas through both zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission cycles. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Baltimore Zoo, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Morris Anim Fdn Mt Gorilla Vet Project, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Wildlife & Wildlife Resource Management, Morris Anim Fdn Mt Gorilla Vet Project, Kampala, Uganda. Uganda Wildlife Author, Kampala, Uganda. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 87 IS 5 BP 368 EP 370 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 431GF UT WOS:000168622900002 PM 11403378 ER PT J AU Abrams, EJ Weedon, J Bertolli, J Bornschlegel, K Cervia, J Mendez, H Lambert, G Singh, T Thomas, P AF Abrams, EJ Weedon, J Bertolli, J Bornschlegel, K Cervia, J Mendez, H Lambert, G Singh, T Thomas, P CA New York City Pediat Surveillance TI Aging cohort of perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in New York City SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection; pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ID HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TYPE-1 INFECTION; ZIDOVUDINE USE; INFANTS; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; DIDANOSINE AB Background. New York City (NYC) pediatricians are now caring for fewer HIV-infected infants and more school age children and adolescents than earlier in the epidemic. Methods. Clinical, laboratory and demographic data were abstracted from medical records at 10 NYC centers participating in the CDC Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease project. Pediatric AIDS cases and HIV-related deaths reported to the NYC Department of Health were examined. Results. Median age of HIV-infected children in care increased from 3 years in 1989 to 1991 to 6 years in 1995 to 1998. The number of HIV-infected women giving birth in NYC declined 50% from 1990 to 1997 (1630 to 831); increasing numbers were identified prenatally (14% in 1989; 78% after 1995); and most received prenatal zidovudine prophylaxis (73% in 1997). Estimated perinatal transmission decreased to 10% by 1997, Improved identification of seropositive status in infants was associated with an increased proportion of infected infants receiving Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis, 84% in 1997, AIDS free survival was longer for children born 1995 to 1998 than for those born before 1995, P = 0.004. In 1998 among children with advanced immunosuppression (CDC category 3), 66% were prescribed 3 or more antiretroviral medicines and 88% received PCP prophylaxis. Citywide AIDS cases and HIV-related deaths fell precipitously beginning in 1996. Conclusions, Based on the observations of this study, the cohort of NYC HIV-infected children in care is aging, associated with a decline in new HIV infections, high rates of PCP prophylaxis and increased time to AIDS. Falling HIV-related deaths citywide support these observations. C1 Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10037 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. New York Hosp Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Lincoln Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, New Hyde Park, NY USA. Kings Cty Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA. Bronx Lebanon Hosp Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med & Hlth Res Assoc Inc, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Abrams, EJ (reprint author), Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 506 Lenox Ave, New York, NY 10037 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU203312-08] NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5 BP 511 EP 517 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 431VZ UT WOS:000168653600007 PM 11368109 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Ansaruzzaman, M Haque, E Rao, MR Clemens, JD AF Ahmed, F Ansaruzzaman, M Haque, E Rao, MR Clemens, JD TI Epidemiology of postshigellosis persistent diarrhea in young children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antibiotic resistance; diarrhea; persistent; diarrhea; dysentery; bacillary; epidemiology; Shigella ID MEDIATED IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY; URBAN BRAZILIAN SLUM; BANGLADESHI CHILDREN; RURAL BANGLADESH; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHYSICAL GROWTH; NALIDIXIC-ACID; RISK-FACTORS; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Background, Dysentery accounts for 20% of the 4.6 million diarrhea-associated deaths among children in developing countries, with the risk from death in dysenteric persistent diarrhea 10-fold higher than that in acute dysentery, Although Shigella accounts for the majority of dysenteric episodes, very little is known about the epidemiology of postshigellosis persistent diarrhea, Methods. Rural Bangladeshi children younger than 5 years of age (n = 1756) were followed for 1 month after exposure to sentinel cases of Shigella dysentery, The likelihood of an acute diarrheal episode becoming persistent was assessed. Results. Diarrhea caused by Shigella was significantly associated with an increased risk of persistent diarrhea (age-adjusted relative risk, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 2.81). Despite the use of nalidixic acid in dysenteric episodes, persistent diarrhea occurred in 23% of children with shigellosis, Infection by multiply antibiotic-resistant Shigella isolates (age-adjusted relative risk, 3.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.51 to 9.36) and occurrence of shigellosis during infancy were observed to be risk factors for initiation of Shigella diarrhea persistence. However, 88% of the persistent shigellosis episodes occurred in older children, 50% were associated with nondysenteric shigellosis and 79% were caused by Shigella species other than Shigella dysenteriae 1. Conclusions. These data demonstrate the importance of Shigella as a cause of persistent diarrhea and indicate that strategies to prevent postshigellosis persistent diarrhea must be broad-based, with a focus on older children as well as infants, management of nondysenteric as well as dysenteric disease and prevention of diarrhea caused by multiple Shigella species. C1 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Mail Stop K-73,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1097/00006454-200105000-00011 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 431VZ UT WOS:000168653600010 PM 11368112 ER PT J AU Saiman, L San Gabriel, P Schulte, J Vargas, MP Kenyon, T Onorato, I AF Saiman, L San Gabriel, P Schulte, J Vargas, MP Kenyon, T Onorato, I TI Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among children in New York city SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; children; latent tuberculosis infection; latent infection; pediatrics ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective. Although identification and appropriate treatment of children with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is considered critical to the control and elimination of TB in the United States, there are limited data on risk factors for LTBI in pediatric populations. Methods. To further improve targeted screening for LTBI, we performed a matched case-control study from September 1996 to December 1998. We actively surveyed 24 primary care clinics serving Northern Manhattan and Harlem twice monthly for case participants 1 to 5 years old with LTBI, defined as a child with a Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) greater than or equal to 10 mm and a normal chest radiograph. Two age- and clinic-matched control participants with TSTs equal to 0 mm were enrolled per case. To determine risk factors for LTBI, a bilingual research worker reviewed the medical records of study participants and administered a questionnaire to the parents of participants. Results. We enrolled 96 cases and 192 controls whom did not differ by age, gender, ethnicity, and race; overall, the mean age of participants was 2.9 years, 51% were male, 80% were Hispanic, and 9% black. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that contact with an adult with active TB, foreign birth, foreign travel, and a relative with a positive TST were predictive of case status. In contrast, a history of a previous negative TST proved protective and BCG immunization was not an independent risk factor for a positive TST, suggesting that boosting was not important in this population. Conclusions. We identified several risk factors for LTBI in children that can be used to refine targeted surveillance for TB among Hispanic immigrant populations in the United States. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saiman, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, 650 W 168th St,PH 4 W,Room 470, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2001 VL 107 IS 5 BP 999 EP 1003 DI 10.1542/peds.107.5.999 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 427NA UT WOS:000168411100024 PM 11331677 ER PT J AU Williams, LK Reichert, A MacKenzie, WR Hightower, AW Blake, PA AF Williams, LK Reichert, A MacKenzie, WR Hightower, AW Blake, PA TI Lice, nits, and school policy SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE lice; pediculus; lice infestations; pediatrics; school ID HEAD-LICE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFESTATION; MALATHION; EFFICACY AB Background. The epidemiology of head lice infestation is poorly understood. Many schools treat all children with nits as though they are contagious. Children with nits but no lice are often removed from school until they are treated and all visible nits are removed. Objective. To investigate the probability that children with nits alone will become infested with lice. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Two metropolitan Atlanta elementary schools. Participants. A total of 1729 children were screened for head lice. Twenty-eight children (1.6%) had lice, whereas 63 (3.6%) had nits without lice. Fifty of the 63 children (79%) with nits alone completed follow-up. Outcome Measure. Conversion (ie, becoming infested with lice) within 14 days after initial screening. Results. Nine of 50 children (18.0%) followed for nits alone converted. Although children who converted did not have significantly more nits than did nonconverters, having nits near the scalp was a risk factor for conversion. Seven of 22 children (31.8%) with greater than or equal to5 nits within one fourth inch of the scalp converted, compared with 2 of 28 children (7.1%) with fewer (relative risk: 4.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-19.35). This risk remained statistically significant after separately stratifying for sex, recent treatment, and total number of nits. Conclusions. Although having greater than or equal to5 nits within one fourth inch of the scalp was a risk factor for conversion, most children with nits alone did not become infested. Policies requiring exclusion from school and treatment for all children with nits alone are likely excessive. Instead, these children may benefit from repeated examination to exclude the presence of crawling lice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Williams, LK (reprint author), 2 Peachtree St,Room 14-295, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU413696-02, U50/CCU413696-03] NR 30 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2001 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1015 DI 10.1542/peds.107.5.1011 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 427NA UT WOS:000168411100026 PM 11331679 ER PT J AU Lesko, SM O'Brien, KL Schwartz, B Vezina, R Mitchell, AA AF Lesko, SM O'Brien, KL Schwartz, B Vezina, R Mitchell, AA TI Invasive group A streptococcal infection and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use among children with primary varicella SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; confounding; group A streptococcus; ibuprofen; necrotizing infection; NSAIDs; varicella ID FULMINANT NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; IBUPROFEN; GANGRENE; MYOSITIS AB Objectives. To test the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use increases the risk of necrotizing soft tissue infections and, secondarily, all invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in children with primary varicella infection. Methods. We conducted a prospective, multicenter case-control study among children <19 years old. Cases were children hospitalized with primary varicella complicated by invasive GAS infection or necrotizing soft tissue infection identified by a network of 45 pediatric infectious disease specialists located throughout the United States. Controls were children with uncomplicated primary varicella residing in the same communities as the cases. Data on medical history, clinical features of the varicella infection, signs and symptoms of infectious complications, and medication use were collected by structured telephone interviews. Univariate and multivariate matched odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results. Between June 1996 and September 1998, 52 cases of invasive GAS infection, including 21 with necrotizing soft tissue infection, and 172 controls with uncomplicated primary varicella were enrolled. Risk of invasive GAS infection was increased among children who were nonwhite (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-11), living in low-income households (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-15), exposed to varicella at home (OR 6.4, 95% CI: 2.6-16), or had a persistent high fever (OR 9.6, 95% CI: 2.8-33). Antipyretic regimen was associated with several measures of varicella illness severity among the controls. The risk of necrotizing soft tissue infection was not associated with the use of ibuprofen before the development of signs or symptoms of this complication (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 0.33-5.3). Risk of any invasive GAS infection was increased among children who had received ibuprofen (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3-12), but not acetaminophen (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 0.50-3.0). However, there was no evidence of increasing risk with increasing duration of ibuprofen use. Subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of invasive GAS infection was increased only among children who had received both acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Conclusions. These data do not support the hypothesis that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or ibuprofen in particular, increase the risk of necrotizing GAS infections. A statistically significant association was observed between nonnecrotizing invasive GAS infection and ibuprofen use; however, because of potential confounding, the meaning of this unexpected result is unclear. Nonetheless, these data suggest that parents use ibuprofen or ibuprofen together with acetaminophen to treat high fever and severe illness, which seems to identify children at high risk for invasive GAS infection. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Slone Epidemiol Unit, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian & Alaskan Native Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lesko, SM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Slone Epidemiol Unit, 1371 Beacon St, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. NR 32 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2001 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1108 EP 1115 DI 10.1542/peds.107.5.1108 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 427NA UT WOS:000168411100041 PM 11331694 ER PT J AU Wattigney, WA Mootrey, GT Braun, MM Chen, RT AF Wattigney, WA Mootrey, GT Braun, MM Chen, RT TI Surveillance for poliovirus vaccine adverse events, 1991 to 1998: Impact of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE inactivated poliovirus vaccine; oral poliovirus vaccine; vaccine adverse event surveillance ID REPORTING-SYSTEM VAERS; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; DIPHTHERIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SAFETY AB Background. The elimination of wild-virus-associated poliomyelitis in the Western Hemisphere in 1991 and rapid progress in global polio eradication efforts changed the risk-benefit ratio associated with the exclusive use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) for routine immunization. These changes, plus the November 1987 development of an enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), which poses no risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP), resulted in a change in polio immunization policy in the United States. In September 1996, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that IPV replace OPV for the first 2 doses in a sequential poliovirus vaccine schedule. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a passive surveillance system for adverse events after receipt of any US-licensed vaccine, is used to monitor postlicensure vaccine safety. Postlicensure surveillance of vaccines is important to identify new, rare, or delayed-onset adverse reactions not detected in prelicensure clinical trials or when new vaccine schedules are adopted. Through continual monitoring of adverse events and identification of potential vaccine risks, VAERS can serve as an important resource to ensure continued public acceptance of vaccines. We compared VAERS reports after the receipt of IPV to reports after OPV in infants from 1991 through 1998. Comparisons included reports listing IPV and OPV coadministered with other vaccines. Methods. Annual reporting rates per 100 000 doses distributed within 3 severity categories (fatal, nonfatal serious, less serious) were examined. Distributions of severity categories by vaccine type, age, and time period (pre- and postrecommendation) were constructed. Safety profiles (distribution of 21 symptom groupings) for IPV and OPV reports were compared. Analysis was restricted to reports for infants 1 to 3 months old and 4 to 6 months old, corresponding generally to first- and second-dose recipients. Any notable increase in a severity or safety category for IPV compared with OPV was followed up by examining the frequency of specific symptoms, reporting source, and date of vaccination. An important limitation of VAERS is that reports do not necessarily represent adverse events caused by vaccines. In many cases, the events are temporal associations only. Results. The annual rates of VAERS reports per 100 000 vaccine doses distributed by severity category, 1991 to 1998, were in general similar for reports after IPV compared with those after OPV. The reporting rates for poliovirus vaccine did not increase materially with the shift to IPV usage. The relative frequencies of symptoms in the fatal and nonfatal serious categories for 1998 vaccine administrations were similar to 1997 reports. Severity profiles for IPV and OPV reports in infants 1 to 3 months old and 4 to 6 months old, corresponding to first- and second- dose recipients, were remarkably similar. The frequency of symptoms listed on IPV reports categorized as fatal or serious was examined by age, vaccine combinations, and time period, and the distribution of symptoms was similar for ages 1 to 3 months and 4 to 6 months. In the postrecommendation period, the 10 most frequent symptoms reported with IPV were also reported with OPV in either similar or lower relative frequency. During the postrecommendation period, safety profiles for infants 4 to 6 months old showed a 2.5% higher proportion in the allergic reaction category for IPV than for OPV, but none of the allergic reaction reports indicated anaphylaxis. In general, the distribution of symptom groupings was not markedly different for IPV compared with OPV. No cases of VAPP were reported after the administration of IPV, whereas 5 VAPP cases were reported after the administration of OPV. Conclusions. Although VAERS is subject to the limitations of most passive surveillance systems, the large number of reports and national coverage provide a unique database for monitoring vaccine safety. There was a marked increase of IPV reports in VAERS after 1996, consistent with implementation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for the sequential IPV/OPV poliovirus vaccination schedule. Given the increased use of IPV, a review of potential adverse events in VAERS compared IPV with OPV reports both before and after the introduction of the sequential vaccination schedule. Vaccine safety surveillance indicated no adverse events patterns of potential concern following the use of IPV in infants after the introduction of the sequential vaccination schedule. Ongoing surveillance is documenting a decrease in VAPP. These findings provide useful information to support the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation, made in 1999, to shift to an all-IPV schedule. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Wattigney, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2001 VL 107 IS 5 AR e83 DI 10.1542/peds.107.5.e83 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 427NA UT WOS:000168411100020 PM 11331733 ER PT J AU Ehresmann, KR Ramesh, A Como-Sabetti, K Peterson, DC Whitney, CG Moore, KA AF Ehresmann, KR Ramesh, A Como-Sabetti, K Peterson, DC Whitney, CG Moore, KA TI Factors associated with self-reported pneumococcal immunization among adults 65 years of age or older in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan area SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Immunization Conference CY JUN 22-26, 1999 CL DALLAS, TEXAS DE pneumococcal immunization; older adults; knowledge; attitudes, and beliefs ID CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PHYSICIAN COMPLIANCE; INFLUENZA; PATIENT; CARE; GUIDELINES; REMINDERS; DISEASE AB Background. As part of a 3-year demonstration project to improve pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) coverage among older adults, the Minnesota Department of Health conducted a baseline evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among the general public regarding PPV. Methods. A random-digit dialing telephone survey was conducted among community-dwelling adults age 65 years or older in three metropolitan counties in Minnesota during April through June 1998. Results. Three hundred fifty-three interviews were completed; self-reported PPV coverage was 59% (95% CI 54%, 64%). Nearly all (94%) respondents reported at least one medical visit in the past year. Unvaccinated respondents expressed willingness to be vaccinated if they knew about PPV's safety, dosage, and preventive role. In a final multivariate regression model, factors associated with PPV vaccination included awareness of PPV (OR 7.8; CI 2.1, 29.2; P = 0.002), opinion that receiving PPV is "very important" (OR 8.3; CI 3.2, 21.6; P < 0.001), awareness that Medicare covers PPV (OR 5.1; CI 1.9, 13.8; P = 0.001), physician ever offering PPV (OR 21.7; CI 6.2, 76.6; P < 0.001), and physician regularly offering PPV (OR 3.9; CI 1.1, 13.7; P = 0.03). Conclusions. Respondents were significantly influenced by their physician offering PPV. Therefore, providers' practices are a critical target for improving PPV coverage. Educational efforts to inform patients about PPV and to address misconceptions (e.g., safety, efficacy, Medicare coverage) also may improve vaccination levels, (C) 2001 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Dis Prevent & Control, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Dis Prevent & Control, Acute Dis Prevent Serv Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ehresmann, KR (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Dis Prevent & Control, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 32 IS 5 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0839 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 431NK UT WOS:000168637300002 PM 11330990 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Pate, RR Pratt, M Wheeler, F Buchner, D Ainsworth, B Macera, C AF Brown, DR Pate, RR Pratt, M Wheeler, F Buchner, D Ainsworth, B Macera, C TI Physical activity and public health: Training courses for researchers and practitioners SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT AB The authors explore development of courses in continuing education intended to provide additional research and practice capacity for addressing the growing burden of chronic disease and disability from physical inactivity. Two annual training courses on physical activity and public health are described. The courses are developed with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity. The University of South Carolina, School of Public Health, Prevention Research Center has been an active collaborator and was responsible for developing and implementing the courses. An eight-day "Course on Research Directions and Strategies," is offered to postdoctoral researchers, and practitioners may take a six-day "Practitioners' Course on Community Interventions." Both courses are designed to increase the number of professionals qualified to implement physical activity community interventions and conduct physical activity and public health research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci & Deans Off Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr & Deans Off Publ Hlth Practice, Columbia, SC USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Ctr Hlth Promot, Columbia, SC USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci & Prevent Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-46 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 116 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50034-1 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 540UC UT WOS:000174947000003 PM 12034908 ER PT J AU Kuno, G AF Kuno, G TI Persistence of arboviruses and antiviral antibodies in vertebrate hosts: its occurrence and impacts SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; ST-LOUIS-ENCEPHALITIS; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; BLUETONGUE VIRUS AB The recent isolation of West Nile virus from a bird in mid-winter in New York immediately raised, as one of a few explanations, the possibility of long-term persistence of arboviruses in vertebrate hosts. Although it was a highly popular topic for research many years ago, generally it has since been neglected and its meaning under appreciated. This comprehensive survey of literature worldwide uncovered, contrary to the general perception that it is a rather infrequent phenomenon, a large number of important observations involving all groups of arboviruses that have been accumulating over the years without drawing much attention. In this review, the data and observations were analysed in terms of the occurrence, role in natural transmission, mechanisms and genesis of persistence, source of problems in research and impact. The outcome of the analyses clearly demonstrates that asymptomatic, long-term infection in the absence of viraemia with or without the induction of neutralising antibody, the most frequent characteristics of arboviral persistence, presents a serious question about the validity of some of the past animal experiments that were conducted without the consideration of such a possibility. Likewise, significant impacts are felt on diverse fields ranging from epidemiology to diagnostic virology and from veterinary medicine to agricultural commerce. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The recent isolation of West Nile virus from a bird in mid-winter in Nw York immediately raised, as one of a few explanations, the possibility of long-term persistence of arboviruses in vertebrate hosts. Although it was a highly popular topic for research many years ago, generally it has since been neglected and its meaning under appreciated. This comprehensive survey of literature worldwide uncovered, contrary to the general perception that it is a rather infrequent phenomenon, a large number of important observations involving all groups of arboviruses that have been accumulating over the years without drawing much attention. In this review, the data and observations were analysed in terms of the occurrence, role in natural transmission, mechanisms and genesis of persistence, source of problems in research and impact. The outcome of the analyses clearly demonstrates that asymptomatic, long-term infection in the absence of viraemia with or without the induction of neutralising antibody, the most frequent characteristics of arboviral persistence, presents a serious question about the validity of some of the past animal experiments that were conducted without the consideration of such a possibility. Likewise, significant impacts are felt on diverse fields ranging from epidemiology to diagnostic virology and from veterinary medicine to agricultural commerce. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), Box 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 219 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 165 EP 190 DI 10.1002/rmv.314 PG 26 WC Virology SC Virology GA 435RR UT WOS:000168895400005 PM 11376480 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Schillinger, JA Aubin, MR St Louis, ME Markowitz, LE AF Xu, FJ Schillinger, JA Aubin, MR St Louis, ME Markowitz, LE TI Sexually transmitted diseases of older persons in Washington State SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; VIRUS; NEED; RISK AB Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in persons older than 50 years are rarely studied because STDs are more common in young people, Understanding the epidemiology of STDs in older persons is important for reducing STD morbidity and for improving STD care, Goal: To understand the epidemiology of STDs in older persons. Methods: Washington States STD surveillance data from 1992 to 1998 were analyzed to describe the burden of STDs and source of care for these diseases in older persons. Results: From 1992 to 1998, 1535 episodes of STDs were reported for 50- to 80-year-olds in Washington State, accounting for 1.3% of all reported STDs, The most common STDs were nongonococcal urethritis in men and genital herpes in women. As compared with younger persons, older individuals more frequently sought care at private clinics and had symptoms at the time of the clinic visit. Conclusions: Sexually transmitted diseases are reported among older persons, although at lower rates than among younger persons. Services for STD and counseling regarding safe sex should be available to persons of all ages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, STD TB Serv, Olympia, WA USA. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1097/00007435-200105000-00010 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 428GA UT WOS:000168452300009 PM 11357895 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Kendrick, JS AF Koumans, EH Kendrick, JS CA CDC Bacterial Vaginosis Working Gr TI Preventing adverse sequelae of bacterial vaginosis - A public health program and research agenda SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PRETERM DELIVERY; VAGINAL FLORA; ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY; RISK-FACTORS; METRONIDAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; INTRAAMNIOTIC INFECTION; GARDNERELLA-VAGINALIS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS AB Background: The cause of bacterial vaginosis remains poorly understood, Recent evidence strengthens the association between bacterial vaginosis and serious medical complications, Goal: To review the evidence linking bacterial vaginosis with adverse pregnancy outcomes, complications after gynecologic procedures, and HIV infection, and to identify prevention strategies. Methods: In March 1999. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention organized a conference to accomplish this goal. Results: Better understanding is needed concerning the etiology, epidemiology, and natural history of bacterial vaginosis, More efficacious treatment of bacterial vaginosis and strategies to reduce maternal complications associated with bacterial vaginosis, such as premature rupture of the fetal membranes, chorioamnionitis, premature labor and delivery, postdelivery endometritis, and postpartum infant complications should be developed. Recent evidence shows that screening and treatment of bacterial vaginosis before abortion reduces postabortion pelvic inflammatory disease, and that anaerobic coverage during hysterectomy reduces postoperative complications. Better understanding concerning the relation of bacterial vaginosis to acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection are needed as well as possible prevention strategies. Conclusions: A national prevention effort should be guided by the results of research that addresses current knowledge gaps. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 63 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1097/00007435-200105000-00011 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 428GA UT WOS:000168452300010 PM 11354269 ER PT J AU Valdez, R AF Valdez, R TI Diabetes mellitus in the elderly SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Valdez, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1610 EP 1610 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00279-3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 420NZ UT WOS:000168012200014 ER PT J AU Krause, G Blackmore, C Wiersma, S Lesneski, C Woods, CW Rosenstein, NE Hopkins, RS AF Krause, G Blackmore, C Wiersma, S Lesneski, C Woods, CW Rosenstein, NE Hopkins, RS TI Marijuana use and social networks in a community outbreak of meningococcal disease SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CAMPUS BAR PATRONAGE; SEROGROUP-C; ELECTROPHORESIS; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; CARRIAGE; TOBACCO; ALCOHOL; SCHOOL; SMOKE AB Background, We examined the role of social networks and marijuana smoking in a community outbreak of infections due to Neisseria meningitidis. Methods. We interviewed all patients and their contacts. Isolates were tested by pulsed field electrophoresis and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Results. Nine cases of meningococcal disease occurred in the outbreak; isolates from seven cases with positive cultures were identical. Multiple overlapping social networks were found for case-patients and their contacts. All case-patients were linked by the marijuana-related activities of their contacts. Conclusion. Investigation of social networks and marijuana exposure might help identify close contacts of patients with meningococcal disease and help prevent secondary infections. C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Div Bacterial & Mycot Di, State Branch,Epidemiol Program Off, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krause, G (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Postfach 650280, D-13502 Berlin, Germany. OI Krause, Gerard/0000-0003-3328-8808 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 94 IS 5 BP 482 EP 485 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 433TT UT WOS:000168776400007 PM 11372796 ER PT J AU Hubbs, AF Minhas, NS Jones, W Greskevitch, M Battelli, LA Porter, DW Goldsmith, WT Frazer, D Landsittel, DP Ma, JYC Barger, M Hill, K Schwegler-Berry, D Robinson, VA Castranova, V AF Hubbs, AF Minhas, NS Jones, W Greskevitch, M Battelli, LA Porter, DW Goldsmith, WT Frazer, D Landsittel, DP Ma, JYC Barger, M Hill, K Schwegler-Berry, D Robinson, VA Castranova, V TI Comparative pulmonary toxicity of 6 abrasive blasting agents SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE silica; sand; quartz; coal slag; garnet; specular hematite; iron oxide; staurolite; lung; inflammation; fibrosis ID INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; LUNG; IRON; INFLAMMATION; FIBROSIS; SILICA; GENE; COAL; RATS AB Inhalation of silica dust is associated with pulmonary fibrosis, Therefore, substitute abrasive materials have been suggested for use in abrasive blasting operations. To date, toxicological evaluation of most substitute abrasives has been incomplete, Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the pulmonary toxicity of a set of substitute abrasives (garnet, staurolite, coal slag, specular hematite, and treated sand) to that of blasting sand. Rats were exposed to blasting sand or an abrasive substitute by intratracheal instillation and pulmonary responses to exposure were monitored 4 weeks postexposure. Pulmonary damage was monitored as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the acellular lavage fluid. Pulmonary inflammation was evaluated from the yield of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage, The activity of alveolar macrophages was determined by measuring: zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence. Blasting sand caused lung damage and showed histologic evidence for inflammation and fibrosis, Garnet, staurolite, and treated sand exhibited toxicity and inflammation that were similar to blasting sand, while coal slag caused greater pulmonary damage and inflammation than blasting sand, In contrast, specular hematite did not significantly elevate LDH or PMN levels and did not stimulate macrophage activity 4 weeks postexposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hubbs, AF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 61 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1093/toxsci/61.1.135 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 423YD UT WOS:000168204600018 PM 11294984 ER PT J AU Johnson, ES Shorter, C Bestervelt, LL Patterson, DG Needham, LL Piper, WN Lucier, G Nolan, CJ AF Johnson, ES Shorter, C Bestervelt, LL Patterson, DG Needham, LL Piper, WN Lucier, G Nolan, CJ TI Serum hormone levels in humans with low serum concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dioxin; hormones; prolactin; sprayers; TCDD; 2,4,5-T ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL-FUNCTION; MALE-RATS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; CANCER MORTALITY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; TCDD; WORKERS; INUTERO; DIOXIN; TESTOSTERONE AB We measured current serum hormone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) concentrations in 37 men who sprayed 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) in the State of Victoria, Australia. TCDD levels were consistently significantly inversely related to prolactin levels in all analyses. In correlation analyses, TCDD levels were also inversely related to triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and testosterone levels, and positively associated with glucagon levels. The mean serum TCDD concentration in these sprayers was between 2.6 and 8.1 parts per trillion (ppt). Since such TCDD levels are commonly found in the general population in countries such as the US, the results could suggest that background levels of TCDD in the general population could have an effect on hormone levels. The findings are preliminary and need to be replicated in order to evaluate their full public health significance. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Ind Hlth, Toxicol Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIEHS, Div Environm Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Johnson, ES (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, SL 18,1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1191/0748233701th096oa PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 621BH UT WOS:000179568300002 PM 12479506 ER PT J AU Moore, A Richer, M AF Moore, A Richer, M TI Re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness in southern Sudan SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sleeping sickness epidemiology; African trypanosomiasis; southern Sudan ID HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS AB A resurgence of sleeping sickness developed in southern Sudan during the past decade. Prevalence of confirmed Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection in humans now exceeds 5% in several foci. From 1997 to 1999, trypanosomiasis control programmes in three counties of Western Equatoria Province detected 3785 new cases among 67 181 persons screened. A major contributing factor in the re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness was the lack of active case-finding throughout the 1990s. Although the situation is improving in sites where trypanosomiasis programmes have been recently implemented, co-ordination and additional international assistance are needed to bring sleeping sickness under control in Sudan. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Med Corps, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Moore, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, M-S F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2001 VL 6 IS 5 BP 342 EP 347 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00714.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 436XE UT WOS:000168960500004 PM 11348529 ER PT J AU Drebot, MA Gavrilovskaya, I Mackow, ER Chen, ZX Lindsay, R Sanchez, AJ Nichol, ST Artsob, H AF Drebot, MA Gavrilovskaya, I Mackow, ER Chen, ZX Lindsay, R Sanchez, AJ Nichol, ST Artsob, H TI Genetic and serotypic characterization of Sin Nombre-like viruses in Canadian Peromyscus maniculatus mice SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hantavirus; genotyping; serology; deer mouse ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; NORTH-AMERICA; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; LEUCOPUS; GENOME AB In Canada, hantavirus infected deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) have been collected from British Columbia to Newfoundland. Partial sequencing of G1 and N protein encoding regions from Canadian Peromyscus maniculatus borne hantaviruses demonstrated the existence of significant genotypic divergence among strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Sin Nombre (SN)-like viruses from eastern and western Canadian deer mice can be divided into at least two blood-based genogroups. Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA from infected deer mice originating from various eastern and western provinces showed that SN-like virus genogroups appeared to be associated with distinct haplotypes of mice. Sera from deer mice infected with eastern and western viral genotypes neutralized the Sill Nombre virus strain. Convict Creek 107, but not the New York 1 hantavirus. Despite the genetic heterogeneity of Canadian SN-like strains these hantaviruses do not appear to define unique hantavirus serotypes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Drebot, MA (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 75 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(01)00227-1 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 422JX UT WOS:000168115700008 PM 11311430 ER PT J AU Grosse, S AF Grosse, S TI Screening for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is being evaluated SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Planning Evaluat & Legislat, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Grosse, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Planning Evaluat & Legislat, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mail Stop F-29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD APR 28 PY 2001 VL 322 IS 7293 BP 1062 EP 1062 DI 10.1136/bmj.322.7293.1062 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 428UA UT WOS:000168478700037 PM 11349662 ER PT J AU Bibbb, JA Nishi, A O'Callaghan, JP Ule, J Lan, M Snyder, GL Horiuchi, A Saito, T Hisanaga, S Czernik, AJ Nairn, AC Greengard, P AF Bibbb, JA Nishi, A O'Callaghan, JP Ule, J Lan, M Snyder, GL Horiuchi, A Saito, T Hisanaga, S Czernik, AJ Nairn, AC Greengard, P TI Phosphorylation of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 by Cdk5 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE-5; RABBIT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; REGULATED NEURONAL PHOSPHOPROTEIN; GLYCOGEN-METABOLISM; RAT-BRAIN; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; SYNAPSIN-I; DARPP-32; DOPAMINE; PURIFICATION AB Protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 is a prototypical mediator of cross-talk between protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase results in phosphorylation of inhibitor-1 at Thr-35, converting it into a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1. Here we report that inhibitor-1 is phosphorylated in vitro at Ser-67 by the proline-directed kinases, Cdk1, Cdk5, and mitogen-activated protein kinase, By using phosphorylation state-specific antibodies and selective protein kinase inhibitors, Cdk5 was found to be the only kinase that phosphorylates inhibitor-1 at Ser-67 in intact striatal brain tissue. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that phospho-Ser-67 inhibitor-1 was dephosphorylated by protein phosphatases-2A and -2B, The state of phosphorylation of inhibitor-1 at Ser-67 was dynamically regulated in striatal tissue by glutamate- dependent regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-type channels. Phosphorylation of Ser-67 did not convert inhibitor-1 into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1. However, inhibitor-1 phosphorylated at Ser-67 was a less efficient substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase, These results demonstrate regulation of a Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation site in inhibitor-1 and suggest a role for this site in modulating the amplitude of signal transduction events that involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Mol & Cellular Neurosci Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Kurume Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. RP Rockefeller Univ, Mol & Cellular Neurosci Lab, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM bibbj@rockva.x.rockefeller.edu RI Ule, Jernej/C-6315-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; OI Ule, Jernej/0000-0002-2452-4277; Nairn, Angus/0000-0002-7075-0195 FU NIDA NIH HHS [P01 DA010044] NR 71 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 27 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 17 BP 14490 EP 14497 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 426PB UT WOS:000168356600129 PM 11278334 ER PT J AU Espinal, MA Laszlo, A Simonsen, L Boulahbal, F Kim, SJ Reniero, A Hoffner, S Rieder, HL Binkin, N Dye, C Williams, R Raviglione, MC AF Espinal, MA Laszlo, A Simonsen, L Boulahbal, F Kim, SJ Reniero, A Hoffner, S Rieder, HL Binkin, N Dye, C Williams, R Raviglione, MC CA World Hlth Org TI Global trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; TUBERCULOSIS-CONTROL; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; COUNTRIES; DOTS; PREVALENCE; PROGRAM AB Background: Data on global trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs are lacking. Methods: We expanded the survey conducted by the World Health Organization and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease to assess trends in resistance to antituberculosis drugs in countries on six continents. We obtained data using standard protocols from ongoing surveillance or from surveys of representative samples of all patients with tuberculosis. The standard sampling techniques distinguished between new and previously treated patients, and laboratory performance was checked by means of an international program of quality assurance. Results: Between 1996 and 1999, patients in 58 geographic sites were surveyed; 28 sites provided data for at least two years. For patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis, the frequency of resistance to at least one antituberculosis drug ranged from 1.7 percent in Uruguay to 36.9 percent in Estonia (median, 10.7 percent). The prevalence increased in Estonia, from 28.2 percent in 1994 to 36.9 percent in 1998 (P=0.01), and in Denmark, from 9.9 percent in 1995 to 13.1 percent in 1998 (P=0.04). The median prevalence of multidrug resistance among new cases of tuberculosis was only 1.0 percent, but the prevalence was much higher in Estonia (14.1 percent), Henan Province in China (10.8 percent), Latvia (9.0 percent), the Russian oblasts of Ivanovo (9.0 percent) and Tomsk (6.5 percent), Iran (5.0 percent), and Zhejiang Province in China (4.5 percent). There were significant decreases in multidrug resistance in France and the United States. In Estonia, the prevalence in all cases increased from 11.7 percent in 1994 to 18.1 percent in 1998 (P<0.001). Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to be a serious problem, particularly among some countries of eastern Europe. Our survey also identified areas with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in such countries as China and Iran. (N Engl J Med 2001;344:1294-303.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Int Union Against TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Inst Pasteur, Algiers, Algeria. Korean Inst TB, Seoul, South Korea. Inst Panamer Protecc Alimentos & Zoonosis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Espinal, MA (reprint author), WHO, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RI ROBERT, Jerome/C-3993-2011; OI ROBERT, Jerome/0000-0002-9380-0570; Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 36 TC 472 Z9 500 U1 1 U2 24 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 26 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 17 BP 1294 EP 1303 DI 10.1056/NEJM200104263441706 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 424UM UT WOS:000168252400006 PM 11320389 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG AF Whitney, CG TI Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; EFFICACY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 26 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 17 BP 1330 EP 1331 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 424UM UT WOS:000168252400015 ER PT J AU Shallow, S Samuel, M McNees, A Rothrock, G Vugia, D Fiorentino, T Marcus, R Hurd, S Mshar, P Phan, Q Cartter, M Hadler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Segler, S Lance-Parker, S MacKenzie, W McCombs, K Blake, P Morris, JG Hawkins, M Roche, J Smith, K Besser, J Swanson, E Stenzel, S Medus, C Moore, K Zansky, S Hibbs, J Morse, D Smith, P Cassidy, M McGivern, T Shiferaw, B Cieslak, P Kohn, M Jones, T Craig, A Moore, W CDC AF Shallow, S Samuel, M McNees, A Rothrock, G Vugia, D Fiorentino, T Marcus, R Hurd, S Mshar, P Phan, Q Cartter, M Hadler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Segler, S Lance-Parker, S MacKenzie, W McCombs, K Blake, P Morris, JG Hawkins, M Roche, J Smith, K Besser, J Swanson, E Stenzel, S Medus, C Moore, K Zansky, S Hibbs, J Morse, D Smith, P Cassidy, M McGivern, T Shiferaw, B Cieslak, P Kohn, M Jones, T Craig, A Moore, W CDC TI Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses - Selected sites, United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 241-246, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Connecticut State Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon Hlth Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR 97310 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Parasit Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shallow, S (reprint author), Calif Emerging Infect Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 16 BP 2071 EP 2073 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 422QW UT WOS:000168131600010 ER PT J AU Mezarina, KB Huffmire, A Downing, J Core, N Gershman, K Hoffman, R AF Mezarina, KB Huffmire, A Downing, J Core, N Gershman, K Hoffman, R CA CDC TI Outbreak of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Colorado, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 227-230, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Moffat Family Clin, Craig, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mezarina, KB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, 4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 16 BP 2073 EP 2074 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 422QW UT WOS:000168131600011 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Bonheoffer, J Chen, R Heijbel, H Heininger, U Loupi, E Jefferson, T Duclos, P AF Kohl, KS Bonheoffer, J Chen, R Heijbel, H Heininger, U Loupi, E Jefferson, T Duclos, P CA Steering Comm Brighton Collaborat TI Safety reporting in clinical trials SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Kinderspital Beider Basel, EUSAFEVAC Project, Basel, Switzerland. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 16 BP 2076 EP 2077 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 422QW UT WOS:000168131600017 PM 11311087 ER PT J AU Jones, KL Adams, J Chambers, CD Erickson, JD Lammer, E Polifka, J AF Jones, KL Adams, J Chambers, CD Erickson, JD Lammer, E Polifka, J TI Isotretinoin and pregnancy SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 16 BP 2079 EP 2080 DI 10.1001/jama.285.16.2079-a PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 422QW UT WOS:000168131600024 PM 11311094 ER PT J AU Shaffer, N AF Shaffer, N TI Combination prophylaxis for prevention of maternal-infant HIV transmission - Beyond 076 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ZIDOVUDINE; VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MTCT Unit, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shaffer, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MTCT Unit, Global AIDS Program, MS E-41,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 25 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 16 BP 2129 EP 2131 DI 10.1001/jama.285.16.2129 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 422QW UT WOS:000168131600035 PM 11311104 ER PT J AU Hannah, EL Belay, ED Gambetti, P Krause, G Parchi, P Capellari, S Hoffman, RE Schonberger, LB AF Hannah, EL Belay, ED Gambetti, P Krause, G Parchi, P Capellari, S Hoffman, RE Schonberger, LB TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease after receipt of a previously unimplicated brand of dura mater graft SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; PRION DISEASES AB Background: Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) transmission via dura mater grafts has been reported in many countries. In September 1998, a 39-year-old Colorado woman was reported as having suspected CJD after receiving a dura mater graft 6 gears earlier. Methods: An investigation was initiated to confirm the diagnosis of CJD and assess the possible source of CJD transmission. The authors determined the presence or absence of other known CJD risk factors, checked for epidemiologic evidence of possible CJD transmission via neurosurgical instruments, and evaluated the procedures used in the collection and processing of the graft, including whether the donor may have had CJD. Results: The CJD diagnosis was confirmed in the dural graft recipient by neuropathologic and immunodiagnostic evaluation of the autopsy brain tissue. She had no history of receipt of cadaveric pituitary hormones or corneal grafts or of CJD in her family. The authors found no patients who underwent a neurosurgical procedure within 6 months before or 5 months after the patient's surgery in 1992 who had been diagnosed with CJD. The dura mater was obtained from a 57-year-old man with a history of dysarthria, ataxia, and behavioral changes of uncertain origin. The graft was commercially prepared by use of a process that included treatment with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide and avoided commingling of dura from different donors. Conclusions: The patient's age, absence of evidence for other sources of CJD, the latent period, and the report of an unexplained neurologic illness in the donor of the dura mater indicate that the graft was the most likely source of CJD in this patient. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Florida Dept Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Colorado Dep Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Hannah, EL (reprint author), 720 Pk Blvd,Suite 120, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RI capellari, sabina/F-5545-2012; Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013; Parchi, Piero/L-9833-2015; OI Parchi, Piero/0000-0002-9444-9524; Krause, Gerard/0000-0003-3328-8808 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR 24 PY 2001 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1080 EP 1083 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 424ZN UT WOS:000168264000018 PM 11320182 ER PT J AU Lai, AA Patterson, PS Sacci, JB Vaughan, JA Paul, C Collins, WE Wirtz, RA Azad, AF AF Lai, AA Patterson, PS Sacci, JB Vaughan, JA Paul, C Collins, WE Wirtz, RA Azad, AF TI Anti-mosquito midgut antibodies block development of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in multiple species of Anopheles mosquitoes and reduce vector fecundity and survivorship SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PARASITE; SPOROGONIC DEVELOPMENT; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; STEPHENSI; GAMBIAE; IMMUNIZATION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; BERGHEI; CELLS AB The mosquito midgut plays a central role in the sporogonic development of malaria parasites. We have found that polyclonal sera, produced against mosquito midguts, blocked the passage of Plasmodium falciparum ookinetes across the midgut, leading to a significant reduction of infections in mosquitoes. Anti-midgut mAbs were produced that display broad-spectrum activity, blocking parasite development of both P, falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites in five different species of mosquitoes. In addition to their parasite transmission-blocking activity. these mAbs also reduced mosquito survivorship and fecundity, These results reveal that mosquito midgut-based antibodies have the potential to reduce malaria transmission in a synergistic manner by lowering both vector competence, through transmission-blocking effects on parasite development, and vector abundance, by decreasing mosquito survivorship and egg laying capacity. Because the intervention can block transmission of different malaria parasite species in various species of mosquitoes, vaccines against such midgut receptors may block malaria transmission worldwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lai, AA (reprint author), Mail Stop F12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI017828, AI 17828, AI 43006, R37 AI017828] NR 29 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 24 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 9 BP 5228 EP 5233 DI 10.1073/pnas.091447398 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 425VC UT WOS:000168311500077 PM 11309510 ER PT J AU Zhu, PX van der Ende, A Falush, D Brieske, N Morelli, G Linz, B Popovic, T Schuurman, IGA Adegbola, RA Zurth, K Gagneux, S Platonov, AE Riou, JY Caugant, DA Nicolas, P Achtman, M AF Zhu, PX van der Ende, A Falush, D Brieske, N Morelli, G Linz, B Popovic, T Schuurman, IGA Adegbola, RA Zurth, K Gagneux, S Platonov, AE Riou, JY Caugant, DA Nicolas, P Achtman, M TI Fit genotypes and escape variants of subgroup III Neisseria meningitidis during three pandemics of epidemic meningitis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; clonal descent; intercontinental spread; population structure; microevolution ID SEROGROUP-A; WEST-AFRICA; POPULATION; CARRIAGE; DISEASE AB The genetic variability at six polymorphic loci was examined within a global collection of 502 isolates of subgroup ill, serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis. Nine "genoclouds" were identified, consisting of genotypes that were isolated repeatedly plus 48 descendent genotypes that were isolated rarely. These genoclouds have caused three pandemic waves of disease since the mid-1960s, the most recent of which was imported from East Asia to Europe and Africa in the mid-1990s, Many of the genotypes are escape variants, resulting from positive selection that we attribute to herd immunity. Despite positive selection, most escape variants are less fit than their parents and are lost because of competition and bottlenecks during spread from country to country, Competition between fit genotypes results in dramatic changes in population composition over short time periods. C1 Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Med Res Council Labs, Fajara, Gambia. Cent Res Inst Epidemiol, Moscow 111123, Russia. Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Ref & Res Meningococci, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Ref & Res Meningococci, Inst Med Trop, Serv Sante Armees, F-13998 Marseille, France. RP Achtman, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Infekt Biol, Schumannstr 21-22, D-10017 Berlin, Germany. RI van der Ende, Arie/A-4346-2012; OI Platonov, Alexander/0000-0001-7450-0081 NR 27 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 24 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 9 BP 5234 EP 5239 DI 10.1073/pnas.061386098 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 425VC UT WOS:000168311500078 PM 11287631 ER PT J AU Danilova, I Mitunina, L Urastova, M Stoyunin, M Shapkin, V Oswald, G Afanasiev, N Erokhin, V Punga, V Vassilieva, I Grzemska, M Jakubowiak, W Kluge, H AF Danilova, I Mitunina, L Urastova, M Stoyunin, M Shapkin, V Oswald, G Afanasiev, N Erokhin, V Punga, V Vassilieva, I Grzemska, M Jakubowiak, W Kluge, H CA CDC TI Tuberculosis treatment interruptions - Ivanovo Oblast, Russian Federation, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 201-204, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ivanovo TB Dispensary, Ivanovo, Russia. Oblast TB Hosp, Ivanovo, Russia. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Cent TB Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Danilova, I (reprint author), Ivanovo TB Dispensary, Ivanovo, Russia. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 18 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 15 BP 1953 EP 1954 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 420FY UT WOS:000167995900007 ER PT J AU Kazeonny, B Khorosheva, T Aptekar, T Rybka, L Kluge, H Jakubowiak, W Pashkevich, D AF Kazeonny, B Khorosheva, T Aptekar, T Rybka, L Kluge, H Jakubowiak, W Pashkevich, D CA CDC TI Evaluation of a directly observed therapy short-course strategy for treating tuberculosis - Orel oblast, Russian Federation, 1999-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 204-206, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Orel Oblast TB Dispensary, Orel, Russia. Russian Acad Med Sci, Cent TB Res Inst, Moscow 109801, Russia. WHO, Moscow, Russia. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kazeonny, B (reprint author), Orel Oblast TB Dispensary, Orel, Russia. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 18 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 15 BP 1954 EP 1956 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 420FY UT WOS:000167995900008 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Assessment of risk for meningococcal disease associated with the Hajj 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 221-222, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Appl Publ Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Div Appl Publ Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 18 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 15 BP 1956 EP 1956 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 420FY UT WOS:000167995900009 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Riddle, J Rubertone, M Trump, D Alter, MJ Cruess, DF Han, XH Nainam, OV Seeff, LB Mazzuchi, JF Bailey, S AF Hyams, KC Riddle, J Rubertone, M Trump, D Alter, MJ Cruess, DF Han, XH Nainam, OV Seeff, LB Mazzuchi, JF Bailey, S TI Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in the US military: A seroepidemiologic survey of 21,000 troops SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis; hepatitis C; hepatitis C antibodies; hepatitis C, chronic; hepatitis, viral, human; hepatitis viruses; military medicine; substance abuse, intravenous ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; CLINICAL OUTCOMES; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-USE; PERSONNEL; TRANSMISSION; PARTNERS; JAPAN AB Because of a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (10-20%) among veterans seeking care in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals, current US military forces were evaluated for HCV infection. Banked serum samples were randomly selected from military personnel serving in 1997 and were tested for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV). Overall prevalence of anti-HCV among 10,000 active-duty personnel was 0.48% (5/1,000 troops); prevalence increased with age from 0.1% among military recruits and active-duty personnel aged <30 years to 3.0% among troops aged 40 years. Prevalence among 2,000 Reservists and active-duty troops was similar. Based on sequential serum samples from 7,368 active-duty personnel (34,020 person-years of observation), annual incidence of infection was 2/10,000. Of 81 HCV RNA-positive troops for whom genotype was determined, genotypes 1a (63%) and 1b (22%) predominated, as in the civilian population. These data indicate that HCV infection risk among current military forces is lower than in VA studies and the general civilian population aged <40 years. The low level of HCV infection may be attributed to infrequent injection drug use in the military due to mandatory testing for illicit drugs prior to induction and throughout military service. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Army Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20422 USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 8 BP 764 EP 770 DI 10.1093/aje/153.8.764 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 422AC UT WOS:000168094900006 PM 11296148 ER PT J AU Caraballo, RS Giovino, GA Pechacek, TF Mowery, PD AF Caraballo, RS Giovino, GA Pechacek, TF Mowery, PD TI Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reports on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older - Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adult; cotinine; data collection; epidemiologic methods; smoking ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; WHITE SMOKERS; YOUNG-ADULTS; EXPOSURE; THIOCYANATE; NICOTINE; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN; NONSMOKERS; CHILDREN AB The discrepancy between cigarette smoking status reported during an interview and measured level of serum cotinine, a nicotine biomarker, was investigated in a representative sample of the US population aged greater than or equal to 17 years (N = 15,357). Data were collected from participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Among self-reported smokers, 7.5% (95% confidence interval: 6.3, 8.7) had a serum cotinine level less than or equal to 15.0 ng/ml, the selected cutoff point for identifying nonsmokers. Age (p < 0.01), race/ethnicity (p < 0.01), and average number of cigarettes smoked per day (p < 0.01) were associated with these discrepant findings. Among self-reported nonsmokers, 1.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.7) had a serum cotinine level greater than 15.0 ng/ml, the selected cutoff point for identifying smokers. Race/ethnicity (p < 0.01), education (p < 0.01), number of household members who smoked in the home (p = 0.03), and self-reported smoking status from an earlier home interview (p < 0.01) were associated with these discrepant findings. Differences in smoking patterns, including the extent of nicotine dosing, may explain most of the discrepancy observed among self-reported smokers, whereas deception regarding smoking status may explain most of the discrepancy among self-reported nonsmokers. This study provides evidence that self-reported smoking status among adult respondents to a population-based survey conducted in a private medical setting is accurate. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Caraballo, RS (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 46 TC 207 Z9 217 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 8 BP 807 EP 814 DI 10.1093/aje/153.8.807 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 422AC UT WOS:000168094900013 PM 11296155 ER PT J AU Wang, QJ Jenkins, FJ Jacobson, LP Kingsley, LA Day, RD Zhang, ZW Meng, YX Pellet, PE Kousoulas, KG Baghian, A Rinaldo, CR AF Wang, QJ Jenkins, FJ Jacobson, LP Kingsley, LA Day, RD Zhang, ZW Meng, YX Pellet, PE Kousoulas, KG Baghian, A Rinaldo, CR TI Primary human herpesvirus 8 infection generates a broadly specific CD8(+) T-cell response to viral lytic cycle proteins SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; MURINE GAMMAHERPESVIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; DNA-SEQUENCES; ANTIGEN; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; IDENTIFICATION AB Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a recently discovered gammaherpesvirus that is the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). The natural history of primary HHV-8 infection, including clinical outcome and host immune responses that may be important in preventing disease related to HHV-8, has not been elucidated. The present study characterized the clinical, immunologic, and virologic parameters of primary HHV-8 infection in 5 cases detected during a 15-year longitudinal study of 108 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seronegative men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Primary HHV-8 infection was associated with mild, nonspecific signs and symptoms of diarrhea, fatigue, localized rash, and lymphadenopathy. There were no alterations in numbers of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells or CD8(+) T-cell interferon gamma (IFN-(gamma)) production to mitogen or nominal antigen. CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) and IFN-gamma reactivity were detected during primary HHV-8 infection, with broad specificity to 5 lytic cycle proteins of HHV-8 encoded by open reading frame 8 (ORF 8; glycoprotein B homolog of Epstein-Barr virus), ORF 22 (gH homolog), ORF 25 (major capsid protein homolog), ORF 26 (a minor capsid protein homolog), or ORF 57 (an early protein homolog), in association with increases in serum antibody titers and appearance of HHV-8 DNA in blood mononuclear cells. CD8+ T-cell responses to HHV-8 decreased by 2 to 3 years after primary infection. This antiviral T-cell response may control initial HHV-8 infection and prevent development of disease. (Blood. 2001;97:2366-2373) (C) 2001 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rinaldo, CR (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, A427 Crabtree Hall,130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RI Jenkins, Frank/A-8529-2009 FU NCI NIH HHS [R03 CA81600, P30 CA47904, R01 CA75957, R01 CA082053, R01 CA82053]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI35041] NR 47 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 97 IS 8 BP 2366 EP 2373 DI 10.1182/blood.V97.8.2366 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 429KN UT WOS:000168516100022 PM 11290599 ER PT J AU Hajjeh, RA Pappas, PG Henderson, H Lancaster, D Bamberger, DM Skahan, KJ Phelan, MA Cloud, G Holloway, M Kauffman, CA Wheat, LJ AF Hajjeh, RA Pappas, PG Henderson, H Lancaster, D Bamberger, DM Skahan, KJ Phelan, MA Cloud, G Holloway, M Kauffman, CA Wheat, LJ CA Natl Inst Allergy Infect Dis Mycos TI Multicenter case-control study of risk factors for histoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ITRACONAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; AIDS; FLUCONAZOLE; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS AB We conducted a multicenter case-control study to identify risk factors for histoplasmosis among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to evaluate predictors of a poor outcome (defined as death or admission to the intensive care unit). Patients with histoplasmosis were each matched by age, sex, and CD4 lymphocyte count to 3 controls. From 1996 through 1999, 92 case patients and 252 controls were enrolled. Of the case patients, 81 (89%) were men, 50 (55%) were black, 78 (85%) had a CD4 lymphocyte count of <100 cells/L, 80 (87%) were hospitalized, and 11 (12%) died. Multivariable analysis found that receipt of antiretroviral therapy and of triazole drugs were independently associated with a decreased risk of histoplasmosis, Chronic medical conditions and a history of infections with herpes simplex virus were associated with poor outcome. Triazoles should be considered for chemoprophylaxis for persons with AIDS, especially those who take part in high-risk activities that involve frequent exposure to soil, who have CD4 lymphocyte counts of <100 cells/L, and who live in areas where histoplasmosis is endemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Methodist Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, MS-CO9,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Andrade, Hugo/M-6631-2013 OI Andrade, Hugo/0000-0001-6781-6125 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-65296] NR 21 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1215 EP 1220 DI 10.1086/319756 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 428RF UT WOS:000168474100014 PM 11283812 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Kityo, CM Mugyenyi, P Downing, R Kebba, A Pieniazek, D Respess, R Hertogs, K De Vroey, V Dehertogh, P Bloor, S Larder, B Lackritz, E AF Weidle, PJ Kityo, CM Mugyenyi, P Downing, R Kebba, A Pieniazek, D Respess, R Hertogs, K De Vroey, V Dehertogh, P Bloor, S Larder, B Lackritz, E TI Resistance to antiretroviral therapy among patients in Uganda SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Africa-antiretroviral therapy; epidemiology; HIV drug resistance/resistance mutations; HIV subtypes; AF358736; AF358760 ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY; SUBTYPE-B; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SEQUENCE; HIV; SEROCONVERTERS; INDIVIDUALS; DIVERSITY AB Objective: To characterize HIV-1 phenotypic resistance patterns and genotypic mutations among patients taking antiretroviral medications in Uganda. Methods: We reviewed charts and retrieved archived plasma specimens from patients at an AIDS specialty center in Uganda where antiretroviral therapy has been used since 1996. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance testing was done on specimens associated with a viral load of 1000 copies/ml. Results: Resistance testing of specimens was completed for 16 patients. Among 11 specimens collected before initiation of antiretroviral therapy, no phenotypic resistance or primary genotypic mutations were found. Among 8 patients taking lamivudine, phenotypic resistance was found for 9 (90%) of 10 specimens and was associated with an M184V mutation in all nine cases. Among 12 patients taking zidovudine, no phenotypic resistance and few primary mutations were found. For 6 patients who were receiving protease inhibitors, we observed no phenotypic resistance and only one primary genotypic mutation associated with resistance. Conclusions: The absence of apparent resistance among samples collected before antiretroviral therapy supports the notion that a similar approach to selection of antiretroviral therapy can generally be used against non-B subtypes. A genotypic marker of antiretroviral resistance to lamivudine in HIV-1 subtypes A, C, and D was similar to those in subtype B infections. These results suggest that the methods used for monitoring for the emergence of drug resistance in antiretroviral programs in Africa may be similar to those used in developed settings. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Transmitted Dis & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Joint Clin Res Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. VIRCO NV, Mechelen, Belgium. CDC, Div AIDS STD, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. VIRCO Ltd, Cambridge, England. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Transmitted Dis & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 5 BP 495 EP 500 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 433QP UT WOS:000168771500015 PM 11391172 ER PT J AU Adje, C Cheingsong, R Roels, TH Maurice, C Djomand, G Verbiest, W Hertogs, K Larder, B Monga, B Peeters, M Eholie, S Bissagene, E Coulibaly, M Respess, R Wiktor, SZ Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN AF Adje, C Cheingsong, R Roels, TH Maurice, C Djomand, G Verbiest, W Hertogs, K Larder, B Monga, B Peeters, M Eholie, S Bissagene, E Coulibaly, M Respess, R Wiktor, SZ Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN CA UNAIDS HIV Drug Access Initiative TI High prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic HIV-1 drug-resistant strains among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Africa-antiretroviral therapy; epidemiology; HIV drug resistance; mutations; HIV subtypes ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; PROTEASE INHIBITOR THERAPY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RNA AB To describe prevalence of antiretroviral (ARV) drug-resistant HIV-1 strains among patients with a history of earlier treatment with ARV drugs in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. we determined mutations that confer HIV-1 ARV drug resistance by sequencing the viral reverse-transcriptase and protease genes derived from plasma viral RNA of 68 individuals consecutively enrolled in the Joint United Nations Program on AIDS Drug Access Initiative (UNAIDS-DAI) with a history of earlier ARV drug treatment in Abidjan between August 1998 and April 1999. Phenotypic ARV drug resistance was assessed using a recombinant virus assay. Primary mutations associated with ARV drug resistance to at least one of the reverse-transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors were detected in 39 (57.4%) of the 68 patients. The prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to ARV drugs was: 29 (42.6%) to zidovudine, 10 (14.7%) to lamivudine, one (1.5%) to didanosine, one K103N mutation (associated with resistance to delavirdine, nevirapine, and efavirenz), one Y181C mutation (associated with resistance to delavirdine and nevirapine). two to both indinavir (M46I/L and V82A) and saquinavir (G48V and L90M). and one each to ritonavir (V82A) and nelfinavir (D30N). Phenotypic resistance to at least one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) was seen in 25 (39.7%) patients, to nonnucleoside RTIs in 5 (8%) patients. and to protease inhibitors in 4 (6%) patients. The high prevalence we observed in this study may limit in future the effectiveness of ARV programs in the Cote d'Ivoire. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. VIRCO NV, Mechelen, Belgium. VIRCO, Cambridge, England. IRD, Montpellier, France. Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Clin, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. UNAIDS, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. NR 17 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 5 BP 501 EP 506 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 433QP UT WOS:000168771500016 PM 11391173 ER PT J AU Dezzutti, CS Guenthner, PC Cummins, JE Cabrera, T Marshall, JH Dillberger, A Lal, RB AF Dezzutti, CS Guenthner, PC Cummins, JE Cabrera, T Marshall, JH Dillberger, A Lal, RB TI Cervical and prostate primary epithelial cells are not productively infected but sequester human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Keystone Symposia on Innate and Acquired Immunity at Mucosal Surfaces CY JAN, 2000 CL TAOS, NEW MEXICO ID FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; RHESUS-MACAQUES; RNA LEVELS; T-CELLS; HIV-1; LINE; EXPRESSION AB Primary prostate and cervical epithelial cells and epithelial cell lines were examined for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection or transmission to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Neither cell-free nor cell-associated HIV-1 infected primary epithelial cells or cell lines. Pretreatment of HIV-1 to enhance CD4-independent entry did not augment infection. Cell surface expression was detected for galactosyl ceramide but not for CC-chemokine receptor 5, CXC-chemokine receptor 4, or CD4. The ability to transfer HIV-1 to resting or activated PBMC was tested by culturing with rinsed or trypsinized and replated HIV-1-exposed epithelial cells. Virus was not recovered from the rinsed or replated cocultures with resting PBMC; however, activated PBMC recovered HIV-1 from rinsed epithelial cells and rarely from replated epithelial cells. Although urogenital epithelial cells are not infected, these data suggest that they can transfer virus to activated immune cells and have implications for sexual transmission of HIV-1. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. BioWhittaker, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), CDC, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, DASTLR, NCID, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 50 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 8 BP 1204 EP 1213 DI 10.1086/319676 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414PE UT WOS:000167674600005 PM 11262202 ER PT J AU Dentinger, CM Bower, WA Nainan, OV Cotter, SM Myers, G Dubusky, LM Fowler, S Salehi, EDP Bell, BP AF Dentinger, CM Bower, WA Nainan, OV Cotter, SM Myers, G Dubusky, LM Fowler, S Salehi, EDP Bell, BP TI An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with green onions SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY APR 09-13, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID MULTISTATE AB Forty-three cases of serologically confirmed hepatitis A occurred among individuals who ate at restaurant A in Ohio in 1998. Serum samples from all restaurant A employees who worked during the exposure period were negative for IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV). A matched case-control study determined that foods containing green onions, which were eaten by 38 (95%) of 40 case patients compared with 30 (50%) of 60 control subjects, were associated with illness (matched odds ratio, 12.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-60.8). Genetic sequences of viral isolates from 14 case patients were identical to each other and to those of viral isolates from 3 patients with cases of hepatitis A acquired in Mexico. Although the implicated green onions, which could have come from one of 2 Mexican farms or from a Californian farm, were widely distributed, no additional green onion-associated cases were detected. More sensitive methods are needed to detect foodborne hepatitis A. A better understanding of how HAV might contaminate raw produce would aid in developing prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mansfield Richland Cty Hlth Dept, Mansfield, PA USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1276 DI 10.1086/319688 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414PE UT WOS:000167674600014 PM 11262211 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Pellett, PE AF Cannon, MJ Pellett, PE TI Effect of order of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and human herpesvirus 8 on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 8 BP 1304 EP 1304 DI 10.1086/319693 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414PE UT WOS:000167674600021 PM 11262218 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Michler, RE Shanmugam V Matthews, A Hussain, AI Wright, A Sandstrom, P Chapman, LE Weber, C Safley, S Denny, RR Navarro, A Evans V Norin, AJ Kwiatkowski, P Heneine, W AF Switzer, WM Michler, RE Shanmugam, V Matthews, A Hussain, AI Wright, A Sandstrom, P Chapman, LE Weber, C Safley, S Denny, RR Navarro, A Evans, V Norin, AJ Kwiatkowski, P Heneine, W TI Lack of cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus infection to nonhuman primate recipients of porcine cells, tissues, or organs SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HEPATIC-FAILURE; PIG KIDNEYS; HUMAN SERUM; NO EVIDENCE; EXPRESSION; XENOTRANSPLANTATION; TRANSPLANTATION; LIVER; VIVO AB Background. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been widely used in different porcine xenograft procedures inevitably resulting in exposure to porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Surveillance for PERV infection in these NHPs may provide information on the risks of cross-species transmission of PERV, particularly for recipients of vascularized organ xenografts for whom data from human clinical trials is unavailable. Methods. We tested 21 Old World and 2 New World primates exposed to a variety of porcine xenografts for evidence of PERV infection. These NHPs included six baboon recipients of pig hearts, six bonnet macaque recipients of transgenic pig skin grafts, and nine rhesus macaque and two capuchin recipients of encapsulated pig islet cells. Serologic screening for PERV antibody was done by a validated Western blot assay, and molecular detection of PERV sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma was performed using sensitive polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively. Spleen and lymph node tissues available from six bonnet macaques and three rhesus macaques were also tested for PERV sequences. Results. All plasma samples were negative for PERV RNA suggesting the absence of viremia in these xenografted animals. Similarly, PERV sequences were not detectable in any PBMC and tissue samples, arguing for the lack of latent infection of these compartments. In addition, all plasma samples were negative for PERV antibodies. Conclusion. These data suggest the absence of PERV infection in all 23 NHPs despite exposure to vascularized porcine organs or tissue xenografts and the use of immunosuppressive therapies in some animals. These findings suggest that PERV is not easily transmitted to these NHP species through these types of xenografts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STDs & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ohio State Univ, Univ Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Hlth Canada, Bur HIV AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Emory Univ, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Dept Med & Anat & Cell Biol, Transplant Immunol Lab, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STDs & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 959 EP 965 DI 10.1097/00007890-200104150-00022 PG 7 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 429DN UT WOS:000168500900022 PM 11349732 ER PT J AU Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Mastro, TD Raktham, S Young, NL Mock, PA Subbarao, S Parekh, BS Srisuwanvilai, L Sutthent, R Wasi, C Heneine, W Choopanya, K AF Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Mastro, TD Raktham, S Young, NL Mock, PA Subbarao, S Parekh, BS Srisuwanvilai, L Sutthent, R Wasi, C Heneine, W Choopanya, K TI Viral load differences in early infection with two HIV-1 subtypes SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 subtypes; viral load; early infection; seroconversion; Thailand; Asia ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; LANGERHANS CELL TROPISM; DISEASE PROGRESSION; NATURAL-HISTORY; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; GENETIC SUBTYPES; RHESUS MACAQUES; HOMOSEXUAL MEN AB Objectives: Information on early HIV-1 infection has come primarily from studies of persons infected with subtype B in North America and Europe; much less is known about other subtypes. The purpose of the present study was to compare the virologic and immunologic parameters following seroconversion among recently-infected persons infected with either of two different HIV-1 subtypes. Method: A prospective cohort study was carried out at methadone treatment clinics administered by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thailand. A total of 130 HIV-I-infected seroconverters (103 with HIV-1 subtype E and 27 with subtype B) were included in the study. The main outcome measures were serial HIV-1 RNA viral load, natural killer cell percentage, CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts since seroconversion. Results: The demographic and behavioral characteristics of persons with either subtype were similar. Median RNA viral levels at the earliest time within 3 months of seroconversion were more than three times higher for persons infected with subtype E than subtype B (63 100 versus 18 050 copies/ml, P= 0.001). However, this difference decreased over time such that viral loads were similar at 12, 18, and 24 months following seroconversion. The CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts were similar in infections with either subtype during the entire period up to 24 months post-seroconversion. Conclusions: Higher viral loads associated with subtype E may result from intersubtype biological differences; however, the epidemiological dynamics of transmission in Bangkok may have also contributed to this phenomenon. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Hu, DJ (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 59 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 13 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 6 BP 683 EP 691 DI 10.1097/00002030-200104130-00003 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 428NF UT WOS:000168467200003 PM 11371682 ER PT J AU Graves, LM Swaminathan, B AF Graves, LM Swaminathan, B TI PulseNet standardized protocol for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes by macrorestriction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PulseNet; Listeria monocytogenes; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; subtyping; epidemiology ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; FOODS AB PulseNet is a national network of pubic health and food regulatory laboratories established in the US to detect clusters of foodborne disease and respond quickly to foodborne outbreak investigations. PulseNet laboratories: currently subtype Escherichia coli O157:H7, non-typhoidal Salmonella. and Shigella isolates by a highly standardized I-day pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). and exchange normalized DNA "fingerprint" patterns via the Internet. We describe a standardized molecular subtyping protocol for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes that was recently added to PulseNet. The subtyping can be completed within 30 h from the time a pure culture of the bacteria is obtained. (C) 2001 Elsevier science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodbourne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Graves, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodbourne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS C03,1-B354,1600 Clinton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 21 TC 348 Z9 358 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 11 PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00501-8 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 421JW UT WOS:000168062100007 PM 11322701 ER PT J CA CDC TI Influenza activity - United States, 2000-01 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 207-209, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Resp & Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Labs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Sentinel Phys Influenza Surveillance Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Surveillance Syst Br, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Influenza Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Virus Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Natl Resp & Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Labs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 11 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 14 BP 1832 EP 1833 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 418DY UT WOS:000167876700009 ER PT J AU Christensen, SE Wolfmeyer, RC Suver, SM Hill, CD Britton, SFF AF Christensen, SE Wolfmeyer, RC Suver, SM Hill, CD Britton, SFF TI Influenza B virus outbreak an a cruise ship - Northern Europe, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 137-140, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Holland Amer Line & Windstar Cruises, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. CDC, Influenza Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Surveillance & Epidemiol Br, Div Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Christensen, SE (reprint author), Holland Amer Line & Windstar Cruises, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 11 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 14 BP 1833 EP 1834 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 418DY UT WOS:000167876700010 ER PT J CA CDC TI Physical activity trends - United States, 1990-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 166-169, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Act & Hlth Br, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Br, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Act & Hlth Br, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 11 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 14 BP 1835 EP 1835 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 418DY UT WOS:000167876700011 ER PT J AU Irons, D Morrow, J AF Irons, D Morrow, J TI Sudden death in a traveler following halofantrine administration - Togo, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 169-179, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MALARIA C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Yale Univ, Med Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Br, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Irons, D (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 11 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 14 BP 1836 EP 1836 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 418DY UT WOS:000167876700012 ER PT J AU Escalante, AA Grebert, HM Chaiyaroj, SC Magris, M Biswas, S Nahlen, BL Lal, AA AF Escalante, AA Grebert, HM Chaiyaroj, SC Magris, M Biswas, S Nahlen, BL Lal, AA TI Polymorphism in the gene encoding the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of Plasmodium falciparum. X. Asembo Bay Cohort Project SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; merozoite; generic diversity; vaccine; plasmodium; geographic variation ID STATISTICAL TESTS; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DNA POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION; MALARIA; RECOMBINATION; NEUTRALITY AB We have investigated the genetic diversity of the gene encoding the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) in natural populations of Plasmodium falciparum from western Kenya and compared it with parasite populations from other geographic regions. A total of 28 complete sequences From Kenya. Thailand, India. and Venezuela field isolates were obtained. The genetic polymorphism is not evenly distributed across the gene. which is in agreement with the pattern reported in earlier studies. The alleles from Kenya exhibit 20 and 30%, more polymorphism than that found in Southeast Asia and Venezuelan alleles. respectively. Based on the gene genealogies derived from sequencing data, no evidence for allele families was found. We have found evidence supporting limited gene flow between the parasite populations. specifically. between the Southeast Asian and Venezuelan isolates; however, no alleles could be linked to a specific geographic region. This study reveals that positive natural selection is an important factor in the maintenance of genetic diversity for AMA-I. We did not find conclusive evidence indicating intragenic recombination is important in the generation of the AMA-I allelic diversity. The study provides information on the genetic diversity of the AMA-1 gene that would be useful in vaccine development and testing. as well as in assessing factors that are involved in the generation and maintenance of the genetic diversity in P. falciparium. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Amazonico Invest & Control Enfermedades Trop, Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela. Indian Council Med Res, Malaria Res Ctr, Deli, India. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060740-01, R01 GM60740-01] NR 41 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD APR 6 PY 2001 VL 113 IS 2 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00229-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 425TT UT WOS:000168308300010 PM 11295182 ER PT J AU Amara, RR Villinger, F Altman, JD Lydy, SL O'Neil, SP Staprans, SI Montefiori, DC Xu, Y Herndon, JG Wyatt, LS Candido, MA Kozyr, NL Earl, PL Smith, JM Ma, HL Grimm, BD Hulsey, ML Miller, J McClure, HM McNicholl, JM Moss, B Robinson, HL AF Amara, RR Villinger, F Altman, JD Lydy, SL O'Neil, SP Staprans, SI Montefiori, DC Xu, Y Herndon, JG Wyatt, LS Candido, MA Kozyr, NL Earl, PL Smith, JM Ma, HL Grimm, BD Hulsey, ML Miller, J McClure, HM McNicholl, JM Moss, B Robinson, HL TI Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; PATHOGENIC SIV; INFECTION; REPLICATION; RESPONSES; TYPE-1; ASSAY AB Heterologous prime/boost regimens have the potential for raising high Levels of immune responses. Here we report that DNA priming followed by a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) booster controlled a highly pathogenic immunodeficiency virus challenge in a rhesus macaque model. Both the DNA and rMVA components of the vaccine expressed multiple immunodeficiency virus proteins. Two DNA inoculations at 0 and 8 weeks and a single rMVA booster at 24 weeks effectively controlled an intrarectal challenge administered 7 months after the booster. These findings provide hope that a relatively simple multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine can help to control the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic. C1 Emory Univ, Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. RP Robinson, HL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hrobins@rmy.emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000165]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI 43045]; NIDA NIH HHS [P30 DA 12121] NR 19 TC 925 Z9 952 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 6 PY 2001 VL 292 IS 5514 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1126/science.1058915 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 420FU UT WOS:000167995200037 PM 11393868 ER PT J CA CDC TI Lyme disease - United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 181-185, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 4 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 13 BP 1698 EP 1699 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 415FR UT WOS:000167710600008 ER PT J AU Robinson, KA Baughman, W Rothrock, G Barrett, NL Pass, M Lexau, C Damaske, B Stefonek, K Barnes, B Patterson, J Zell, ER Schuchat, A Whitney, CG AF Robinson, KA Baughman, W Rothrock, G Barrett, NL Pass, M Lexau, C Damaske, B Stefonek, K Barnes, B Patterson, J Zell, ER Schuchat, A Whitney, CG CA ABCs Emerging Infect Program Netw TI Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the United States, 1995-1998 - Opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; BACTEREMIA; COUNTY; SOUTH AB Context Pneumococcal polysaccharide Vaccine is recommended for elderly persons and adults with certain chronic illnesses. Additionally, a recently licensed pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine has been recommended for use in young children and could dramatically change the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease. Objectives To assess pneumococcal disease burden in the United States, estimate the potential impact of new vaccines, and identify gaps in vaccine recommendations, Design and Setting Analysis of data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging infections Program Network, an active, population-based system in 9 states. Patients A total of 15860 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease occurring between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1998, Main Outcome Measures Age- and race-specific pneumoccocal disease incidence rates per 100000 persons, case-fatality rates, and vaccine preventability. Results In 1998, overall incidence was 23.2 cases per 100000, corresponding to an estimated 62840 cases in the United States. Incidence was highest among children younger than 2 years (166.9) and adults aged 65 years or older (59.7). Incidence among blacks was 2.6 times higher than among whites (95% confidence interval [CI], 2,4-2.8). Overall, 28.6% of case-patients were at least 65 years old and 85.9% of cases in this age group were due to serotypes included in the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine; 19.3% of case-patients were younger than 2 years and 82.2% of cases in this age group were due to serotypes included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Among patients aged 2 to 64 years, 50.6% had a vaccine indication as defined by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), The case-fatality rate among patients aged 18 to 64 years with an ACIP indication was 12.1% compared with 5.4% for those without an indication (relative risk, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-2.9). Conclusions Young children, elderly persons, and black persons of ail ages are disproportionately affected by invasive pneumococcal disease. Current ACIP recommendations do not address a subset of persons aged 18 to 64 years but do include those at highest risk for death from invasive pneumococcal disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Emerging Infect Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Resources, Hlth Div, Emerging Infect Program, Portland, OR USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Knoxville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Robinson, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS D-65,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 424 Z9 439 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 4 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 13 BP 1729 EP 1735 DI 10.1001/jama.285.13.1729 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 415FR UT WOS:000167710600026 PM 11277827 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL AF Ashley, DL TI Analytical techniques for measuring internal dose levels of volatile organic compounds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dla1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 109-ENVR BP U461 EP U461 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703126 ER PT J AU Green, RJ Galloway, PW Hill, RH AF Green, RJ Galloway, PW Hill, RH TI Safety survival skills at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: From the classroom to the webroom. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rjg1@cdc.gov; rhh2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 8-CHAS BP U270 EP U270 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824702075 ER PT J AU Henley, MV Bradley, WR Wyatt, SE Graziano, GM Wells, JR AF Henley, MV Bradley, WR Wyatt, SE Graziano, GM Wells, JR TI Gas-phase reactions of cyclohexanol with the hydroxyl radical. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Expedit Forces Technol Div, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NIOSH, Resp Branch, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM mike.henley@tyndall.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 260-ENVR BP U486 EP U486 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703277 ER PT J AU Hill, RH Hemphill, ML Richmond, JY AF Hill, RH Hemphill, ML Richmond, JY TI Bioterrorism and select agent toxins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhh2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 28-CHAS BP U273 EP U273 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824702095 ER PT J AU Smith, C Huang, WL Walcott, C Maggio, V Grainger, J Patterson, D AF Smith, C Huang, WL Walcott, C Maggio, V Grainger, J Patterson, D TI Quantification of the PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons) metabolites as a biomarker for PAH exposure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wfh7@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 117-ANYL BP U87 EP U87 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700378 ER PT J AU Striley, CAF Snawder, JE Biagini, RE AF Striley, CAF Snawder, JE Biagini, RE TI Use of a human microsomal library for metabolite elucidation, assay development and biological monitoring of occupationally relevant compounds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM chs3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 82-AGRO BP U59 EP U59 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700220 ER PT J AU Respess, RA Rayfield, MA Dondero, TJ AF Respess, RA Rayfield, MA Dondero, TJ TI Laboratory testing and rapid HIV assays: applications for HIV surveillance in hard-to-reach populations SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV testing strategies; HIV surveillance; HIV counseling and testing; HIV rapid test ID INFECTION AB Most HIV surveillance has been performed through serologic surveys in relatively stable, accessible populations. Similar surveillance, with or without counseling and testing, in populations that are hard-to-reach, presents logistical challenges, including the selection of laboratory testing strategy and algorithm. The advent of rapid serologic assays for HIV now allows for on-site testing, including confirmatory testing, and rapid prevision of test results and counseling. The possibility of only a single contact makes repeat sampling, which current diagnostic testing recommendations include, difficult. To address the logistical complexities in surveillance in hard-to-reach populations and the increased availability of rapid tests, we propose adapting the testing strategies for HIV of the World Health Organization/the joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS in order to facilitate this surveillance, including, where carried out, the provision of test results back to individuals. The choice of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) versus rapid testing for these settings is discussed, as is the choice of specimen - blood, oral fluid, or urine. Three appendices summarize: (1) test algorithms for the various testing strategies; (2) advantages and disadvantages of ELISA and of rapid test formats, and (3) the characteristics and status of currently available rapid HIV tests. We also discuss the potential application of the recently developed 'detuned' methodology for estimating HIV incidence in hard-to-reach populations. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Respess, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 CLifton Rd MS-E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2001 VL 15 SU 3 BP S49 EP S59 DI 10.1097/00002030-200104003-00007 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 437NK UT WOS:000168997600007 PM 11421183 ER PT J AU Salama, P Dondero, TJ AF Salama, P Dondero, TJ TI HIV surveillance in complex emergencies SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; surveillance; complex emergencies ID POPULATIONS; PREVENTION; INFECTION; MIGRATION; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; REFUGEE; RISK AB Many studies have shown a positive association between both migration and temporary expatriation and HIV risk. This association is likely to be similar or even more pronounced for forced migrants. In general, HIV transmission in host-migrant or host-forced-migrant interactions depends on the maturity of the HIV epidemic in both the host and the migrant population, the relative seroprevalence of HIV in the host and the migrant population, the prevalence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that may facilitate transmission, and the level of sexual interaction between the two communities. Complex emergencies are the major cause of mass population movement today. In complex emergencies, additional factors such as sexual interaction between forced-migrant populations and the military; sexual violence; increasing commercial sex work; psychological trauma; and disruption of preventive and curative health services may increase the risk for HIV transmission. Despite recent success in preventing HIV infection in stable populations in selected developing countries, internally displaced persons and refugees (or forced migrants) have not been systematically included in HIV surveillance systems, nor consequently in prevention activities. Standard surveillance systems that rely on functioning health services may not provide useful data in many complex emergency settings. Secondary sources can provide some information in these settings. Little attempt has been made, however, to develop innovative HIV surveillance systems in countries affected by complex emergencies. Consequently, data on the HIV epidemic in these countries are scarce and HIV prevention programs are either not implemented or interventions are not effectively targeted. Second generation surveillance methods such as cross-sectional, population-based surveys can provide rapid information on HIV, STIs, and sexual behavior. The risks for stigmatization and breaches of confidentiality must be recognized. Surveillance, however, is a key component of HIV and STI prevention services for forced migrants. II is required to define the high risk groups, target interventions, and ultimately decrease HIV and STI transmission within countries facing complex emergencies. It is also required to facilitate regional control of HIV epidemics. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Salama, P (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2001 VL 15 SU 3 BP S4 EP S12 DI 10.1097/00002030-200104003-00002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 437NK UT WOS:000168997600002 PM 11421181 ER PT J AU Fiore, T Flanigan, T Hogan, J Cram, R Schuman, P Schoenbaum, E Solomon, L Moore, J AF Fiore, T Flanigan, T Hogan, J Cram, R Schuman, P Schoenbaum, E Solomon, L Moore, J TI HIV infection in families of HIV-positive and 'at-risk' HIV-negative women SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID AIDS AB Research of HIV infection within the family has focused upon sexual partners and vertical transmission. The scope of the problem of multiple infections and clustering of HIV among family members has, thus far, been less extensively explored. The objectives of this study are to investigate HIV infection in family members of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative high-risk women and to consider the impact of multiple HIV infections within the family. Baseline data were evaluated from a prospective observational cohort of 871 HIV-seropositive and 439 seronegative at-risk women who are participants in a longitudinal study of HIV in women at four sites in the USA (Montefiore, Bronx, NY; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Brown University, Providence, RI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI). Women were asked if anyone close to them had HIV/AIDS or had died from HIV/AIDS. Responses which included HIV-positive family members were analyzed. In the seropositive cohort, 35% (307/871) of the women had a family member with HIV infection. Of these 307 women, 38% reported having a sibling, 24% a husband and 27% had more than one family member with HIV/AIDS. Forty-nine per cent of Latina women, 34% of black women, and 21% of white women reported having a family member with HIV/AIDS. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that Latina and black women were significantly more likely than white women to have a sibling, extended family member or more than one family member with HIV/AIDS. Compared to seropositive women, seronegative high-risk women enrolled in this study appear equally likely to have an HIV-infected family member. In this study of HIV-positive women and high-risk seronegative women, a third reported having multiple family members with HIV infection, most often in a sibling. The high prevalence of HIV within families, particularly in the families of Latina and black women, mandates attention in planning both prevention and care. C1 Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fiore, T (reprint author), Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD APR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1080/09540120020027378 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 420YN UT WOS:000168033000007 PM 11304426 ER PT J AU Rader, M Marks, G Mansergh, G Crepaz, N Miller, LC Appleby, PR Murphy, S AF Rader, M Marks, G Mansergh, G Crepaz, N Miller, LC Appleby, PR Murphy, S TI Preferences about the characteristics of future HIV prevention products among men who have sex with men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RECTAL MICROBICIDE; NONOXYNOL-9 GEL; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; BEHAVIORS; RISK AB This study of men who have sex with men (MSM) examined preferences about the characteristics of a potential product for preventing sexual transmission of HIV, such as a rectal microbicide. MSM were recruited in West Hollywood, California. They self-administered a questionnaire and rated 48 product characteristics representing seven dimensions. Overall, the ratings were highest for effectiveness in preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, followed by characteristics reflecting the physical or secondary effects of the product and logistics of use. Physical attributes, convenience/accessibility, and psychological aspects had intermediate ratings; interpersonal dynamics had the lowest rating. Men with negative attitudes about using condoms to prevent HIV infection were more likely than their counterparts to prefer a product that does not reduce sexual sensation or pleasure, does not break the mood, and can be used after a sexual encounter ends. A similar pattern was observed when participants were stratified by whether or not they had engaged in unprotected anal intercourse in the past 12 months. The findings inform the development, testing, and marketing of a future HIV prevention product for MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Miller, Lynn/E-8101-2010 OI Miller, Lynn/0000-0003-3379-3564 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD APR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1521/aeap.13.2.149.19735 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 437ZB UT WOS:000169028300004 PM 11398959 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Sanderson, W AF Steenland, K Sanderson, W TI Lung cancer among industrial sand workers exposed to crystalline silica SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lung neoplasms; silicon dioxide; silicosis ID SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; MORTALITY; RECONSTRUCTION; INSTITUTE; SMOKING; BIAS AB In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that crystalline silica was a human carcinogen but noted inconsistencies in the epidemiology. There are few exposure-response analyses. The authors examined lung cancer mortality among 4,626 industrial sand workers, estimating exposure via a job-exposure matrix based on 4,269 industrial hygiene samples collected in 1974-1995. The average length of employment was 9 years, and estimated average exposure was 0.05 mg/m(3) (the National institute of Occupational Safety and Health Recommended Exposure Limit), Results confirmed excess mortality from silicosis/pneumoconioses (standardized mortality ratio = 18.2, 95% confidence interval: 10.6, 29.1; 17 deaths). The lung cancer standardized mortality ratio was 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.31, 1.93; 109 deaths). Limited data suggested that smoking might account for 10-20% of the lung cancer excess. Exposure-response analyses by quartile of cumulative exposure (15-year lag) yielded standardized rate ratios of 1.00, 0,78, 1,51, and 1,57 Ip for trend = 0.07). Nested case-control analyses after exclusion of short-term workers, who had high overall morality, yielded odds ratios by quartile of cumulative exposure (15-year lag) of 1.00, 1.35, 1.63, and 2.00 (p for trend = 0.08) and odds ratios by quartile of average exposure of 1.00, 0.92, 1,44, and 2.26 (p = 0.005). These data lend support to the labeling by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of silica as a human carcinogen. There are approximately 2 million US workers exposed to silica; 100,000 are exposed to more than 0.1 mg/m(3). C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, R13,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 28 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 7 BP 695 EP 703 DI 10.1093/aje/153.7.695 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 419CD UT WOS:000167931000012 PM 11282798 ER PT J AU Chorba, TL Holman, RC Clarke, MJ Evatt, BL AF Chorba, TL Holman, RC Clarke, MJ Evatt, BL TI Effects of HIV infection on age and cause of death for persons with hemophilia A in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; mortality; hemophilia ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; PROGRESSIVE LIVER-DISEASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RNA LEVELS; AIDS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; ZIDOVUDINE AB Because of changes in factor replacement therapy and in treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we examined death record data for persons with hemophilia A in the United States to evaluate effects of HIV infection on age and causes of death. Multiple cause-of-death data from 1968 through 1998 were examined to assess death rates for persons with hemophilia A. ICD-9 coded causes of death from 1979 through 1998 were examined to assess long-term trends. From 1979 through 1998, 4,781 deaths among persons with hemophilia A were reported, of which 2,254 (47%) had HIV-related disease listed as a cause of death. In the tate 1980s, mortality among persons with hemophilia A increased markedly, and the age-adjusted death rate peaked at 1.5 per 1,000,000 population in 1992. Median age at death decreased from 55 years in 1979-1982 to 40.5 years in 1987-1990, and increased to 46 years in 1995-1998. In the period 1995-1998, the median age of hemophilia A decedents with HIV-related disease was 33 years, compared to 72 years for those without HIV-related disease; the most frequently listed causes of death for those without HIV-related disease were hemorrhagic and circulatory phenomena; the most frequently listed for those with HIV-related disease were diseases of liver and the respiratory system, From 1995 to 1998, hemophilia A-associated deaths decreased by 41%, with a 78% decrease among those who had HIV-related disease. Although HIV infection has adversely effected mortality for persons with hemophilia A, the marked recent decrease in the death rate among persons with hemophilia A appears to reflect advances in care for those with HIV-related disease and is consistent with a decline in HIV mortality observed in the general population. Am. J. Hematol. 66:229-240, 2001, Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Immunol Oncol & Hematol Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chorba, TL (reprint author), US Dept State, Project PETRO CI, NCHSTP, CDC, 2010 Abidjan Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 71 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 66 IS 4 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1002/ajh.1050 PG 12 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 409UY UT WOS:000167405100001 PM 11279632 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Dick, R Fine, L AF Steenland, K Dick, R Fine, L TI Agreement between clinical examination and quantitative tests of neurologic function among 384 subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neurologic tests; epidemiology; neurologic exam ID WORKERS; TREMOR; LEAD AB Background Quantitative neurological tests are often cheaper and easier than clinical examinations, and provide continuous data which may discriminate between,een exposed and nonexposed groups with more sensitivity than dichotomous (normal/abnormal) examination data. Methods We compare clinical examinations and analogous quantitative tests for arm tremor postural sway, and vibrotactile sensitivity (finger and toe), for 384 subjects. Results The " abnormal " clinical outcomes studied weve relatively common (range, 3-36%), and did not result in impairment of daily activity for affected subjects. All the quantitative rests were reasonably good predictors of the corresponding clinical outcome. The most predictive test was for toe vibrotactile sensitivity. The probability of an abnormal clinical result for those in the worst quartile for the toe test was 0.63, compared with 0.36 for all subjects. Conclusions Our results suggest that certain quantitative rests might be used in epidemiologic studies instead of a physical examination. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 361 EP 368 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 418FP UT WOS:000167880500002 PM 11323785 ER PT J AU Stern, F Lehman, E Ruder, A AF Stern, F Lehman, E Ruder, A TI Mortality among unionized construction plasterers and cement masons SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE plasterer; cement mason; construction; proportionate mortality; lung cancer; stomach cancer; asbestos; cement dust; silica ID ASBESTOS-RELATED DISEASES; SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; INSULATION WORKERS; CANCER; INSTITUTE; EXPOSURE; LUNG AB Background Plasterers perform a variety of duties including interior and exterior plastering of drywall, cement, stucco, and stone imitation; the preparation, installation, and repair of all interior and exterior insulation systems; and the fireproofing of steel beams and columns. Some of the current potential toxic exposures among plasterers include plaster of Paris, silica, fiberglass, talc, and 1,1,1-trichloroethylene; asbestos had been used by the plasterers in the past. Cement masons, on the other hand, are involved in concrete construction of buildings, bridges, curbs and gutters, sidewalks, highways, streets and roads, floors and pavements and the finishing of same, when necessary, by sandblasting or any other method. Exposures include cement dust, silica, asphalt, and various solvents. Methods Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) were calculated for 99 causes of death among 12,873 members of the Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association who died between 1972 and 1996 using United States age-, race-, and calender-specific death rates. Statistical significance (P value) of results was based upon the Poisson distribution. Results Among plasterers, statistically significant elevated mortality was observed for asbestosis, where the PMR reached 1,657 (P < 0.01) with eleven observed deaths and less than one death expected, for lung cancer (PCMR = 124, P < 0.01), and for benign neoplasms (PMR = 210, P < 0.05). Among cement masons, statistically significant elevated mortality was observed for cancer of the stomach (PCMR = 133, P < 0.01), benign neoplasms (PMR = 132, P < 0.01), and poisonings (PMR = 159, P < 0.05). Except for poisonings, which were not thought to be occupationally related, all of the statistically significant results occurred among those members who entered the union prior to 1950. However, the risk for lung cancer among plasterers was still elevated among those entering the union after 1970 as was the risk for stomach cancer among cement masons who entered the union after 1950. Conclusion The present study suggests that plasterers and cement masons still have elevated risks for certain diseases, especially lung and stomach cancer Therefore, union members currently living should be screened for asbestos-related diseases and educated about the future risks for these diseases. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss. Inc.(dagger). C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Stern, F (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 373 EP 388 DI 10.1002/ajim.1028 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 418FP UT WOS:000167880500004 PM 11323787 ER PT J AU Manning, ML Archibald, LK Bell, LM Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR AF Manning, ML Archibald, LK Bell, LM Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR TI Serratia marcescens transmission in a pediatric intensive care unit: A multifactorial occurrence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIC AB Background: Fourteen patients in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) had greater than or equal to1 positive culture for a single strain of Serratia marcescens from April through December 1995 (study period). Objectives: To identify risk factors for S marcescens infection or colonization in a pediatric CICU. Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Assessment of CICU infection control practices and patient exposure to CICU health care workers (HCWs). Epidemiologic-directed cultures of the environment and HCWs' hands were obtained. Setting: Pediatric CICU. Patients: Fourteen patients in the pediatric CICU had greater than or equal to1 positive culture for a single strain of S marcescens from April through December 1995 (study period). CICU patients who did not have S marcescens infection or colonization during the study period were randomly selected as controls. Results: A case patient was more likely than a noncase patient to have exposure to a single HCW (odds ratio [OR]. 19.5; 95% CI, 2.6-416: P <.003); however, this association was not adequately explained by epidemiologic or microbiologic studies. Interviews suggested that during the outbreak period, handwashing frequency among HCWs might have been reduced because of severe hand dermatitis. Conclusions: A combination of factors, including breaks in aseptic technique. reduced frequency of handwashing among HCWs before and between caring for patients, decreased attention to infection control practices, and environmental contamination may have indirectly contributed to this S marcescens infections outbreak. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Infect Control Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Manning, ML (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Infect Control Dept, 34th & Civic Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1067/mic.2001.114222 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 420ZV UT WOS:000168037300010 PM 11287880 ER PT J AU Dodge, WT BlueSpruce, J Grothaus, L Rebolledo, V McAfee, TA Carey, JW Thompson, RS AF Dodge, WT BlueSpruce, J Grothaus, L Rebolledo, V McAfee, TA Carey, JW Thompson, RS TI Enhancing primary care HIV prevention - A comprehensive clinical intervention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE condoms; HIV infections; managed care programs; primary health care; primary prevention; sexually transmitted diseases; risk assessment ID TRAINING PHYSICIANS; SMOKING CESSATION; RISK; ATTITUDES; COMMUNICATION; INFECTION; BELIEFS; TRIAL; AIDS AB Context: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk assessment and counseling are recommended for a large proportion of the population, yet measured rates of such counseling remain low. Objectives: Use a comprehensive intervention to improve and sustain rates of HIV/STD risk assessment and counseling by providers. Design: Patient telephone survey using a one-group pre- and post-intervention design with measurements over a 62-week period. Setting and Participants: Patients (N=1042) from two outpatient clinics at a health maintenance organization (HMO) presenting for either of two types of index visit: symptomatic (n=210), or routine physical examination or birth control (n=832) visits. Main Outcome Measures: Telephone survey performed within 3 weeks of the index visit. Patients' recall of a general discussion of HIV/STDs and specific discussion of sexual behaviors/risk factors. Results: The intervention was associated with increased patient recall of providers: discussing HIV/STD in general (OR 1.6; 95% CI, 1.12-2.22), asking about sexual behaviors/risk factors (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6), discussing HIV prevention generally (OR 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.0), and discussing personal risk reduction (OR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.3). Provision of written materials concerning HIV/STD also increased significantly (OR 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-1.3). A clear-cut pattern of improved provider effort was seen, with the most pronounced improvements in high-risk patients. Results were stable over a 38-week follow-up period. Conclusion: A sustained improvement in HIV/STD risk assessment and counseling can be achieved in an outpatient HMO setting using a relatively non-intensive systematized intervention. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, HIV AIDS Program, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Promot, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dodge, WT (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, HIV AIDS Program, 509 Olive Way,Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00308-1 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 422AK UT WOS:000168095600001 PM 11275443 ER PT J AU Horlick, GA Beeler, SF Linkins, RW AF Horlick, GA Beeler, SF Linkins, RW TI A review of state legislation related to immunization registries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE confidentiality; information systems; immunization; legislation; privacy; registries ID CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION AB Background: Since the early 1990s, a concerted effort has been made to develop community- and state-based immunization registries. h 1995 survey showed that nine states had laws specifically authorizing immunization registries. This sun:ey was conducted to describe the current status of legislation and policies addressing immunization registries and the sharing of immunization information. Methods: A telephone survey was administered from September 1997 to February 1998 to immunization program managers and/or their designees within the state health department of each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Some of the survey items were later updated through follow-up interviews and informal communications. Copies of legislation, administrative rules and regulations, and immunization registry policies were collected for review. Results: As of October 2000, 24 of 51 states (47%) had laws (21) or rules (3) specifically authorizing an immunization registry. Nine additional states (18%) have laws specifically addressing the sharing of immunization information. Conclusions: Over half of the states have enacted legislation or rules addressing registries or the sharing of immunization information. Further research should be conducted to assess the impact of this legislation on immunization registries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Horlick, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Data Management Div, Mailstop E-62,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00309-3 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 422AK UT WOS:000168095600006 PM 11275448 ER PT J AU Rota, JS Salmon, DA Rodewald, LE Chen, RT Hibbs, BF Gangarosa, EJ AF Rota, JS Salmon, DA Rodewald, LE Chen, RT Hibbs, BF Gangarosa, EJ TI Processes for obtaining nonmedical exemptions to state immunization laws SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION; POLICIES; CHILDREN; MEASLES AB Objectives. This study sought to determine the specific processes required for obtaining religious and philosophical exemptions to school immunization laws. Methods. State health department immunization program managers in the 48 states that offer nonmedical exemptions were surveyed. Categories were assigned to reflect the complexity of the procedure within a state for obtaining an exemption. Results. Sixteen of the states delegated sole authority for processing exemptions to school officials. Nine states had written policies informing parents who seek an exemption of the risks of not immunizing. The complexity of the exemption process, in terms of paperwork or effort required, was inversely associated with the proportion of exemptions filed. Conclusions. In many states, the process of claiming a nonmedical exemption requires less effort than fulfilling immunization requirements. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Gangarosa Int Hlth Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rota, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Mail Stop C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2001 VL 91 IS 4 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.4.645 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BM UT WOS:000170345100023 PM 11291383 ER PT J AU O'Brien, RJ Nunn, PP AF O'Brien, RJ Nunn, PP TI The need for new drugs against tuberculosis - Obstacles, opportunities, and next steps SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CHEMOTHERAPY; MODEL AB It has been nearly 30 years since the introduction of a novel compound for the treatment of tuberculosis, Despite many calls for the development of new antituberculosis drugs during the past two decades, the pharmaceutical industry has, with few exceptions, indicated little interest in undertaking work in this area. This lack of interest is due in large part to two key perceptions: that currently available drugs are adequate for the control of tuberculosis and that sufficient profit could not be realized to justify the expense of bringing a new tuberculosis drug to market. This article will argue that new drugs are badly needed and that new opportunities for real progress exist. Private-public sector partnerships, a new approach that is being tried, may overcome existing financial impediments and lead to the development of major new drugs in the coming decade. C1 WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP O'Brien, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 165 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 163 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1058 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 426QJ UT WOS:000168359600009 PM 11316634 ER PT J AU Larson, JL Ridzon, R Hannan, MM AF Larson, JL Ridzon, R Hannan, MM TI Sputum induction versus fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Larson, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 163 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1280 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 426QJ UT WOS:000168359600050 PM 11316673 ER PT J AU Hines, CJ Deddens, JA Tucker, SP Hornung, RW AF Hines, CJ Deddens, JA Tucker, SP Hornung, RW TI Distributions and determinants of pre-emergent herbicide exposures among custom applicators SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; 2,4-D; metolachlor; alachlor; exposure assessment; variance components; mixed-models; determinants of exposure ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; 2,4-D; VARIABILITY; WORKER AB Custom applicators intensively apply herbicides to corn and soybean fields each spring, The primary objective of this study was to characterize the exposure distributions of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester (2,4-D EH), and metolachlor among a group of applicators during the spring pre-emergent spray season. A secondary objective was to evaluate determinants of exposure and to estimate within- and between-worker variance components. Fifteen applicators were sampled using a systematic design that included spray and non-spray days and multiple measurements (five to seven) on each applicator. Air, patch, and handwash samples were collected on 89 applicator-days. Applicator-days were classified into three categories: target herbicide sprayed, non-target herbicide sprayed, and no herbicide sprayed. Mixed-model regression analysis was used. For all exposure metrics, adjusted mean herbicide exposures were significantly higher on days when target herbicides were sprayed as compared to non-spray days. For 2,4-D EH only, adjusted mean exposures on non-target herbicide spray days were significantly higher than on non-spray days, Wearing gloves significantly reduced adjusted mean hand exposure for all herbicides (4-20 fold) and adjusted mean thigh exposure for three herbicides (8-53 fold) on days the herbicides were sprayed; however, wearing gloves significantly increased adjusted mean atrazine hand and thigh exposures (9 and 7 fold, respectively):on days that non-atrazine herbicides were sprayed. Few of the other covariates were consistent determinants of exposure. For all exposure metrics, the within-worker variability (GSD(w) 2.1-5.6) was greater than the between-worker variability (GSD(B) 1.2-2.7), Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of British Occupational Hygiene Society. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Inst Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Hines, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 2001 VL 45 IS 3 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0003-4878(00)00062-4 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 422RY UT WOS:000168134100008 PM 11295146 ER PT J AU Yigit, H Queenan, AM Anderson, GJ Domenech-Sanchez, A Biddle, JW Steward, CD Alberti, S Bush, K Tenover, FC AF Yigit, H Queenan, AM Anderson, GJ Domenech-Sanchez, A Biddle, JW Steward, CD Alberti, S Bush, K Tenover, FC TI Novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, KPC-1, from a carbapenem-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS S6; CLASS-A CARBAPENEMASE; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; IMIPENEM RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLINICAL ISOLATE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AB A Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showing moderate to high-level imipenem and meropenem resistance was investigated. The MICs of both drugs were 16 mug/ml. The beta -lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. The strain was also resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam, Isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated three beta -lactamases, with pIs of 7.2 (SHV-29), 6.7 (KPC-L), and 5.4 (TEM-1). The presence of bla(SHV) and bla(TEM) genes was confirmed by specific PCRs and DNA sequence analysis. Transformation and conjugation studies with Escherichia coli showed that the beta -lactamase with a pI of 6,7, KPC-1 (X, pneumoniae carbapenemase-l), was encoded on an approximately 50-kb nonconjugative plasmid, The gene, bla(KPC-1), was cloned in E. coli and shown to confer resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam, The amino acid sequence of the novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta -lactamase, KPC -1, showed 45% identity to the pI 9.7 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta -lactamase, Sme-l, from Serratia marcescens S6, Hydrolysis studies showed that purified KPC-1 hydrolyzed not only carbapenems but also penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams. KPC-1 had the highest affinity for meropenem, The kinetic studies also revealed that clavulanic acid and tazobactam inhibited KPC-1, An examination of the outer membrane proteins of the parent K, pneumoniae strain demonstrated that the strain does not express detectable levels of OmpK35 and OmpK37, although OmpK36 is present. We concluded that carbapenem resistance in K, pneumoniae strain 1534 is mainly due to production of a novel Bush group 2f, class A, carbapenem- hydrolyzing beta -lactamase, KPC -1, although alterations in porin expression may also play a role. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RW Johnson Pharmaceut Res Inst, Raritan, NJ 08869 USA. Hosp Son Dureta, Unidad Invest, Palma de Mallorca 07014, Spain. Univ Balearic Isl, Area Microbiol, Palma de Mallorca 07071, Spain. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Alberti, Sebastian/H-2490-2013 OI Alberti, Sebastian/0000-0003-0020-6861 NR 71 TC 658 Z9 758 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2001 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1151 EP 1161 DI 10.1128/AAC.45.4.1151-1161.2001 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 414BX UT WOS:000167647000022 PM 11257029 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, C Stanley, K Andrew, S Jones, K AF Fitzgerald, C Stanley, K Andrew, S Jones, K TI Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and flagellin gene typing in identifying clonal groups of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in farm and clinical environments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; POLYMORPHISM; POULTRY; CATTLE; RECOMBINATION; INFECTIONS; SLAUGHTER; SEROTYPES; STRAINS AB Although campylobacters have been isolated from a wide range of animal hosts, the association between campylobacters isolated from humans and animals in the farm environment is unclear. We used flagellin gene typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to investigate the genetic diversity among isolates from animals (cattle, sheep, and turkey) in farm environments and sporadic cases of campylobacteriosis in the same geographical area. Forty-eight combined fla types were seen among the 315 Campylobacter isolates studied. Six were found in isolates from all four hosts and represented 50% of the total number of isolates. Seventy-one different SmaI PFGE macrorestriction profiles (mrps) were observed, with 86% of isolates assigned to one of 29 different mrps. Fifty-seven isolates from diverse hosts, times, and sources had an identical SmaI mrp and combined fla type. Conversely, a number of genotypes were unique to a particular host. We provide molecular evidence which suggests a link between campylobacters in the farm environment with those causing disease in the community. C1 Univ Lancaster, Dept Sci Biol, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Fitzgerald, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Food & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop CO3, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1429 EP 1436 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.4.1429-1436.2001 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 417ZN UT WOS:000167865500006 PM 11282587 ER PT J AU Araujo, AA Yokosawa, J Durigon, EL Ventura, AM AF Araujo, AA Yokosawa, J Durigon, EL Ventura, AM TI Polymerase chain reaction detection of adenovirus DNA sequences in human lymphocytes SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenoviral infection; viral persistence; lymphocytes; nested PCR assay ID HUMAN LYMPHOID-CELLS; INFECTION; TYPE-5; EXPRESSION; SPECIMENS; PROTEINS; E1A AB Human lymphoid cells frequently carry adenoviruses and DNA sequences have been identified in peripheral blood lymphocytes by Southern blot and PCR, although these cells are not permissive for virus replication, suggesting persistence of the viral genome. In order to investigate this phenomenon we screened non-symptomatic volunteers for adenovirus DNA presence and E1A gene expression. DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 51 volunteers were submitted to PCR using primers for a conserved hexon sequence, followed by nested PCR. Adenovirus sequences were detected in 27 samples (52.9%). After more than one year, new samples of these positive volunteers were analyzed and in 70.8% of the cases the result was maintained. Since this could be due to a possible persistence we checked if the early gene E1A was involved analyzing its expression by RT-PCR. For that purpose we developed a pair of primers to target a conserved region in the E1A gene. The RT-PCR results for E1A were negative for all samples. Using these primers it was possible to detect adenovirus sequences directly by PCR in DNA samples and we found 84% agreement in comparison to the hexon analysis. Our data suggest a high occurrence and persistence of adenovirus genome sequences in human lymphoid cells, and an indication that a region other than E1A is involved in persistence. We also can say that E1A gene is a good choice for amplification as a tool in adenovirus detection, avoiding the high risk of contamination in the nested PCR procedure necessary for hexon detection. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol, ICB 2, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Ventura, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol & Immunoldiagnost Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MICROBIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA AV PROF LINEU PRESTES,1374, 05508 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 1517-8382 J9 BRAZ J MICROBIOL JI Braz. J. Microbiol. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1590/S1517-83822001000200017 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 576QK UT WOS:000177016100018 ER PT J AU Lietman, T Fry, A AF Lietman, T Fry, A TI Can we eliminate trachoma? SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLOBAL ELIMINATION; AZITHROMYCIN; BLINDNESS; AREA; IMPACT C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Francis I Proctor Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Ophthalmol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lietman, T (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Francis I Proctor Fdn, Box No 0944, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI 01441] NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0007-1161 J9 BRIT J OPHTHALMOL JI Br. J. Ophthalmol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 4 BP 385 EP 387 DI 10.1136/bjo.85.4.385 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 416KC UT WOS:000167778700004 PM 11264123 ER PT J AU Hawk, E Graubard, BI Breslow, RA AF Hawk, E Graubard, BI Breslow, RA TI Correspondence re: E.!Hawk, et al., Male pattern baldness and clinical prostate cancer in the epidemiologic follow-up of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 9 : 523-527, 2000 - Reply SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Letter C1 NCI, Gastrointestinal & Other Canc Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hawk, E (reprint author), NCI, Gastrointestinal & Other Canc Res Grp, Execut Plaza N,Suite 201,MSC-7322,6130 Execut Blv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD APR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 4 BP 415 EP 416 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 427BH UT WOS:000168384600022 ER PT J AU TenHoor, T Mannino, DM Moss, M AF TenHoor, T Mannino, DM Moss, M TI Risk factors for ARDS in the United States - Analysis of the 1993 National Mortality Followback Study SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE alcoholism; ARDS; cirrhosis; lung injury; mortality; sepsis; smoking ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; FAILURE; INJURY AB Objective: To identify specific comorbid factors that are present in US decedents with ARDS. Design: We searched the 1993 National Mortality Followback Study for all decedents who had a code for ARDS mentioned on their death certificate. We also searched for comorbid conditions both on the death certificates (sepsis, medical or surgical misadventures, cirrhosis) and in the study database (current or former smoking, use of alcohol at least 3 d/wk, race, gender, and age). We calculated proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for these risk factors. Results: Of the 19,003 decedents for whom data were available, 252 decedents, representing an estimated 19,460 US decedents, had ARDS listed on their death certificate. PMRs among decedents with ARDS were significantly increased for medical or surgical misadventures (PMR, 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8 to 36.7), sepsis (PMR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 16.0), nonwhite race (PMR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.0), and cirrhosis (PMR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.6). PMRs were increased but not statistically significant for current smokers (PMR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5 to 3.0) or former smokers (PMR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.7 to 4.3) compared to never smokers, and drinking alcohol on greater than or equal to 3 d/wk in the year prior to death, when compared to drinking alcohol less than < 3 d/wk (PMR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.6 to 4.9). Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the positive associations between ARDS mortality and the presence of sepsis and cirrhosis, and suggest possible new relationships between ARDS mortality and nonwhite individuals and patients with medical or surgical misadventures. C1 Emory Univ, Crawford Long Hosp, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30365 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moss, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Crawford Long Hosp, Dept Med, Suite 5310,550 Peachtree St NE, Atlanta, GA 30365 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01-AA11660-01A2] NR 28 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD APR PY 2001 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1184 DI 10.1378/chest.119.4.1179 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 421UE UT WOS:000168081300031 PM 11296187 ER PT J AU Paul, JP Catania, J Pollack, L Stall, R AF Paul, JP Catania, J Pollack, L Stall, R TI Understanding childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of sexual risk-taking among men who have sex with men: The Urban Men's Health Study SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE childhood sexual abuse; sexual coercion; gay men; HIV; sexual risk ID BISEXUAL MEN; HIV-RISK; GAY MEN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; ALCOHOL-USE; BEHAVIOR; AIDS; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: The prevalence and characteristics of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among men who have sex with men (MSM), and links with sexual risk are explored. A model linking CSA and sexual risk among MSM is proposed. Method: A telephone probability sample of urban MSM (n = 2881) was recruited and interviewed between November 1996 and February 1998. The interview covered numerous health issues, including history of sexual victimization. Results: One-fifth reported CSA, primarily by non-family perpetrators. Initial CSA experiences are characterized by high levels of force (43% involved physical force/weapons), and penetrative sex (78%; 46% reported attempted or actual anal intercourse). Such men are more likely than never-coerced men to engage in high risk sex (unprotected anal intercourse with a non-primary partner or with a serodiscordant male). In multivariate analyses, the effect of childhood sexual coercion on sexual risk is mediated by substance use, patterns of sexual contacts, and partner violence, but not by adult sexual revictimization or by depression. Conclusions: Findings are interpreted within the context of social learning theory and prior research on sexual risk-taking. The high risk for CSA among MSM, which can predispose such men to patterns of HIV sexual risk, warrants new approacches in HIV prevention. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paul, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 74 New Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 10194]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH42459, MH54320] NR 78 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD APR PY 2001 VL 25 IS 4 BP 557 EP 584 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00226-5 PG 28 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 456RD UT WOS:000170095300009 PM 11370726 ER PT J AU Charles, CD Rind, D Healy, R Webb, R AF Charles, CD Rind, D Healy, R Webb, R TI Tropical cooling and the isotopic composition of precipitation in general circulation model simulations of the ice age climate SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RECORDS; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; SHEETS; CORE; DELTA-O-18; CYCLES; LEVEL AB We test the climate effects of changes in the tropical ocean by imposing three different patterns of tropical SSTs in ice age general circulation model simulations that include water source tracers and water isotope tracers. The continental air temperature and hydrological cycle response in these simulations is substantial and should be directly comparable to the paleoclimatic record. With tropical cooling imposed, there is a strong temperature response in mid- to high-latitudes resulting from changes in sea ice and disturbance of the planetary waves; the results suggest that tropical/subtropical ocean cooling leads to significant dynamical and radiative feedbacks that might amplify ice age cycles, The isotopes in precipitation generally follow the temperature response at higher latitudes, but regional delta O-18/air temperature scaling factors differ greatly among the experiments. In low-latitudes, continental surface temperatures decrease congruently with the adjacent SSTs in the cooling experiments. Assuming CLIMAP SSTs, O-18/O-16 ratios in low-latitude precipitation show no change from modern values. However, the experiments with additional cooling of SSTs produce much lower tropical continental delta O-18 values, and these low values result primarily from an enhanced recycling of continental moisture (as marine evaporation is reduced). The water isotopes are especially sensitive to continental aridity, suggesting that they represent an effective tracer of the extent of tropical cooling and drying. Only one of the tropical cooling simulations produces generalized low-latitude aridity. These results demonstrate that the geographic pattern of cooling is most critical for promoting much drier continents, and they underscore the need for accurate reconstructions of SST gradients in the ice age ocean. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Charles, CD (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Healy, Richard/J-9214-2015 OI Healy, Richard/0000-0002-5098-8921 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 7 BP 489 EP 502 DI 10.1007/s003820000126 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 427AZ UT WOS:000168383800001 ER PT J AU Chace, DH DiPerna, JC Adam, BW AF Chace, DH DiPerna, JC Adam, BW TI Errors caused by the use of D,L-octanoylcarnitine for blood-spot calibrators SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY C1 Neo Gen Screening, Bridgeville, PA 15017 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chace, DH (reprint author), Neo Gen Screening, POB 219, Bridgeville, PA 15017 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 2001 VL 47 IS 4 BP 758 EP 760 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 417QZ UT WOS:000167846800025 PM 11274033 ER PT J AU Lopez, AS Dodson, DR Arrowood, MJ Orlandi, PA da Silva, AJ Bier, JW Hanauer, SD Kuster, RL Oltman, S Baldwin, MS Won, KY Nace, EM Eberhard, ML Herwaldt, BL AF Lopez, AS Dodson, DR Arrowood, MJ Orlandi, PA da Silva, AJ Bier, JW Hanauer, SD Kuster, RL Oltman, S Baldwin, MS Won, KY Nace, EM Eberhard, ML Herwaldt, BL TI Outbreak of cyclosporiasis associated with basil in Missouri in 1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED RASPBERRIES; EXTRACTION; INFECTIONS; PATHOGEN AB During the summer of 1999, an outbreak of cyclosporiasis occurred among attendees of 2 events held on 24 July in different counties in Missouri. We conducted retrospective cohort studies of the 2 clusters of cases, which comprised 62 case patients. The chicken pasta salad served at one event (relative risk [RR], 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-10.01) and the tomato basil salad served at the other event (RR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.72-5.07) were most strongly associated with illness. The most likely vehicle of infection was fresh basil, which was included in both salads and could have been grown either in Mexico or the United States. Leftover chicken pasta salad was found to be positive for Cyclospora DNA by means of polymerase chain reaction analysis, and 1 sporulated Cyclospora oocyst was found by use of microscopy. This is the second documented outbreak of cyclosporiasis in the United States linked to fresh basil and the first US outbreak for which Cyclospora has been detected in an epidemiologically implicated food item. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO USA. Missouri State Publ Hlth Lab, Jefferson City, MO USA. Franklin Cty Hlth Dept, Union, MO USA. St Louis Cty Dept Hlth, Clayton, MO USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Dallas Dist Off, Off Regulatory Affairs, Dallas, TX USA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1010 EP 1017 DI 10.1086/319597 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414EY UT WOS:000167654100003 PM 11264028 ER PT J AU Miller, LG Hajjeh, RA Edwards, JE AF Miller, LG Hajjeh, RA Edwards, JE TI Estimating the cost of nosocomial candidemia in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID LENGTH; STAY C1 Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, LG (reprint author), Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 1124 W Carson St,Box 466, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. NR 6 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1110 EP 1110 DI 10.1086/319613 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414EY UT WOS:000167654100019 PM 11264044 ER PT J AU Sharghi, N Schantz, PM Caramico, L Ballas, K Teague, BA Hotez, PJ AF Sharghi, N Schantz, PM Caramico, L Ballas, K Teague, BA Hotez, PJ TI Environmental exposure to Toxocara as a possible risk factor for asthma: A clinic-based case-control study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LARVA MIGRANS; INFECTION; CHILDREN; SEROPREVALENCE; CANIS; HEALTH AB The zoonotic ascarid Toxocara has been suggested as a possible etiologic agent of asthma. We conducted a clinic-based case-control study to examine whether the zoonotic infection acquired by ingesting Toxocara eggs is associated with asthma in children. Blood samples were collected from children aged 2-15 years, 95 of whom had asthma and 229 of whom did not have asthma. Risk factors for asthma and Toxocara infection were assessed by a questionnaire given to each child's parent or legal guardian. Blood samples were tested for the presence of Toxocara antibodies, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No significant association was found between Toxocara infection and asthma. Significant associations were found between asthma and risk factors and between Toxocara infection and risk factors. High prevalence of Toxocara infection was noted among Hispanic children of Puerto Rican descent. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol & Trop Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Med Helminthol Lab, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Yale Childrens Clin Res Ctr, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Bridgeport Community Hlth Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bridgeport, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hotez, PJ (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol & Trop Med, Ross Hall,Rm 736,2300 Eye St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR06022] NR 25 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP E111 EP E116 DI 10.1086/319593 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 414EY UT WOS:000167654100024 PM 11264048 ER PT J AU Gayle, KD Hill, GL AF Gayle, KD Hill, GL TI Global impact of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; COTE-DIVOIRE; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL LOAD; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE AB This review provides information on the epidemiology, economic impact, and intervention strategies for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS pandemic in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) at the end of 1999 an estimated 34.3 million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Most of the people living with HIV, 95% of the global total, live in developing countries. Examples of the impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and the Newly Independent States provide insight into the demographics, modes of exposure, treatment and prevention options, and the economic effect of tire epidemic on the global community. The epidemic in each region of the world is influenced by the specific risk factors that ms associated with the spread of HIV/AIDS and the responses that have evolved to address it. These influences are important in developing HIV/AIDS policies and programs to effectively address the global pandemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hill, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 108 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 327 EP + PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 421DV UT WOS:000168047600005 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Gooch, BF Lockwood, SA Tomar, SL AF Griffin, SO Gooch, BF Lockwood, SA Tomar, SL TI Quantifying the diffused benefit from water fluoridation in the United States SO COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caries; DMFS; diffusion effect; halo effect; water fluoridation ID DENTAL FLUOROSIS; CARIES AB Objective: To estimate the total contribution of water fluoridation to caries reduction by including the benefit from the diffusion of: fluoride from fluoridated communities to surrounding nonfluoridated communities via the export of bottled beverages and processed foods. Methods: We analyzed data from the 1986-87 MDR Children's Survey for 18 507 school children aged 6-17 years who had at least one permanent tooth and for whom a complete fluoride exposure history could be created. To measure water fluoridation exposure, we generated continuous and categorical exposure variables. Years of fluoridation exposure (YFE-continuous) measured the number of years the child lived at residences receiving fluoridated water. Lifetime fluoridation exposure (LFE-categorical) was high if the child lived at residences receiving fluoridated water more than 50% of his life and low, otherwise. We summed the proportion of state population receiving fluoridated water times the number of years the child had Lived in each state and then divided this value by the child's age to measure diffusion exposure (DE). We grouped DE into three levels: low (DE<=0.25), medium (0.25=0.55). For each level of DE, we compared the age-adjusted mean DMFS for high and low LFE. In addition we used linear regression to measure the association between DMFS and YFE while controlling for DE, age, exposures to other fluoride sources, and sociodemographic variables. Reported results are significant at P<0.05. Results: Comparison of mean DMFS scores found that the direct benefit of water fluoridation (DMFSLFE=low DMFSLFE=high) was 1.44 surfaces among low DE children and 0 among high DE children. The diffused benefit (DMFSLFE=low, (DE=low) - DMFSLFE=low, (DE=high)) was 1.23 surfaces. The regression results were similar and indicated that the direct benefit would be 1.44 fewer DMFS for low DE children and the indirect benefit would be 1.09 fewer DMFS for high DE children. Conclusion: Failure to account for the diffusion effect may result in an underestimation of the total benefit of water fluoridation, especially in high diffusion exposure regions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0301-5661 J9 COMMUNITY DENT ORAL JI Community Dentist. Oral Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290206.x PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 410CE UT WOS:000167421800006 PM 11300171 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK AF Fridkin, SK TI Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in intensive care units SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE intensive care; nosocomial; antibiotics; bacterial infections; cross-infection; drug resistance; infection control; candida; surveillance; government ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; MEDICAL-CENTER; STATES; SURVEILLANCE; VANCOMYCIN; HOSPITALS AB The unique nature of the intensive care unit (ICU) environment makes this part of the hospital a focus for the emergence and spread of many antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, There are ample opportunities for the cross-transmission of resistant bacteria from patient to patient, and patients are commonly exposed to broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, Rates of resistance have increased for most pathogens associated with hospital-acquired infections among ICU patients, and rates are almost universally higher among ICU patients than non-ICU patients, Likewise, ICU patients hospitalized longer (i.e., >7 days) are two- to three-fold more likely to be infected with a pathogen possessing an anti-microbial-resistant phenotype of concern, However, there are many opportunities to prevent the emergence and spread of these resistant pathogens through improved use of established infection control measures (patient isolation, handwashing, glove use, and appropriate gown use) and implementation of a systematic review of antimicrobial use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 4 SU S BP N64 EP N68 DI 10.1097/00003246-200104001-00002 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 423JC UT WOS:000168171500002 PM 11292878 ER PT J AU Khan, AS Young, JC AF Khan, AS Young, JC TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: at the crossroads SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SIN-NOMBRE HANTAVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; VIRUS; AMERICA AB The initial identification in 1993 of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome as a novel, highly fatal respiratory illness among American Indians in the southwestern USA in 1993 opened the window to the recognition of a well-established pan-American zoonosis with a myriad of causative viruses and rodent vectors, although all are New World hantaviruses among New World sigmodontine rodents. The clinical spectrum of symptoms has also been expanded to include asymptomatic infection through to fulminant hemorrhagic fever. Although the use of ribavirin, an antiviral drug, was disappointing in an early, open-labeled trial, early detection and supportive care is much better refined. However, much work remains in probing the pathogenesis of this syndrome to help define and explore therapeutic options and the mechanism of person-to-person transmission with Andes virus, one of the viruses that cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Current remote sensing efforts and longitudinal ecologic investigations need to be expanded in order to focus prevention efforts better. Curr Opin infect Dis 14:205-209. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Young, JC (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1097/00001432-200104000-00016 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 416CD UT WOS:000167761600016 PM 11979134 ER PT J AU Clark, CM Fradkin, JE Hiss, RG Lorenz, RA Vinicor, F Warren-Boulton, E AF Clark, CM Fradkin, JE Hiss, RG Lorenz, RA Vinicor, F Warren-Boulton, E TI The National Diabetes Education Program, changing the way diabetes is treated - Comprehensive diabetes care SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; ASSOCIATION; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; MELLITUS; GLUCOSE; DISEASE; ADULTS C1 Richard Roudebush VA Med Ctr, Dept Res & Dev, Indianapolis, IN USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Michigan, Hlth Syst, Michigan Diabet Res & Training Ctr, Div Demonstrat & Educ, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Peoria, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Hagar Sharp, Washington, DC USA. RP Clark, CM (reprint author), Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, 1001 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD APR PY 2001 VL 24 IS 4 BP 617 EP 618 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.4.617 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 415BX UT WOS:000167701600003 PM 11315818 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Barr, DB AF Whyatt, RM Barr, DB TI Measurement of organophosphate metabolites in postpartum meconium as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: A validation study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; meconium; organophosphates; pesticides; prenatal exposures ID DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; GENERAL-POPULATION; HEALTH RISKS; PESTICIDES; COCAINE; CHLORPYRIFOS; CHILDREN; INFANTS; URINE; ALKYLPHOSPHATES AB Experimental data have linked exposure to prenatal organophosphates to adverse neurocognitive sequalae. However, epidemiologic research has been hampered by lack of reliable dosimeters. Existing biomarkers reflect short-term exposure only. Measurements of pesticides in postpartum meconium may yield a longer-term dosimeter of prenatal exposure. As the initial step in biomarker validation, this research determined background levels, detection limits, and stabilities of six organophosphate metabolites in meconium: diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP), dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), and dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP). Calibration curves were also constructed. The meconium was collected from 20 newborns at New York Presbyterian Hospital; analyses were undertaken at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). DEP was detected in 19/20 samples (range 0.8-3.2 mug/g) and DETP was detected in 20/20 (range 2.0-5.6 mug/g), DMP and DEDTP were each detected in 1/20 (at 16 and 1.8 mug/g, respectively). DMTP and DMDTP were not detected. Detection limits were comparable to or lower than those in urine; levels were similar to those seen in adult urine in population-based research. Metabolites were stable at room temperature over 12 hr. Calibration curves were linear over the range tested (0.5-400 mug/g); recoveries ranged from 18% to 66%. Using isotope dilution, recoveries of each analyte in individual samples can be corrected automatically based on the recovery of the respective stable isotope-labeled analogue, making this method fully quantitative. Results indicate that measurements of organophosphate metabolites in meconium have promise as biomarkers of prenatal exposure. Further research is needed to determine the time frame of exposure represented by pesticide levels in meconium and to evaluate the dose-response relationship. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whyatt, RM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 60 Have Ave,B-1, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES09089, P50 ES09600] NR 47 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2001 VL 109 IS 4 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.2307/3454902 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 427NZ UT WOS:000168413600033 PM 11335191 ER PT J AU Bode, G Barth, R Song, Q Adler, G AF Bode, G Barth, R Song, Q Adler, G TI Phospholipase C activity of Helicobacter pylori is not associated with the presence of the cagA gene SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE CagA gene; Helicobacter pylori; PCR; phospholipase C ID BACTERIAL PHOSPHOLIPASES; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; VACUOLATING CYTOTOXIN; VIRULENCE FACTORS; GASTRIC-MUCOSA; STRAINS; INFECTION; DISEASE; ULCER; HYDROPHOBICITY AB Background Knowledge about the possible role of phospholipase C (PLC) activity of microbial pathogens in the development of disease is increasing. Recently attention has focused on investigating PLC activity elaborated by Helicobacter pylori, but the role of this enzyme in H. pylori pathogenesis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to correlate PLC-activity of H. pylori on the basis of the cagA status with the clinical diagnosis of the patients. Materials and methods Helicobacter pylori was isolated from patients with. gastritis (G; n = 38), duodenal ulcer (DU; n = 15), gastric ulcer (GU; n = II) and gastric cancer (GC; n = 12). Polymerase chain reaction primers DZ3/R009 which amplified a 1350-bp fragment were used to detect the cagA gene. PLC activity was determined using p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine as substrate. Results Of the strains, 60% were cagA(+) and 40% were cagA(-). All strains showed PLC activity (2.20 +/- 0.91 U mg(-1) protein). PLC activity showed no association with the cagA status: cagA(+) (2.21 +/- 1.03 U mg(-1) protein), cagA(-) (2.18 +/- 0.79 U mg(-1) protein). Patients with GU had the highest PLC activity (2.77 +/- 1.26 U mg(-1) protein) and patients with GC had the lowest activity (1.8 +/- 0.57 U mg(-1) protein). Conclusions Although PLC activity was present in all strains tested, it may only have pathological importance in patients with GU. However, the extent of PLC activity was independent of the presence of the cagA gene. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Epidemiol, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. Univ Ulm, Dept Internal Med 1, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bode, G (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Epidemiol, Helmholtzstr 22, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2972 J9 EUR J CLIN INVEST JI Eur. J. Clin. Invest. PD APR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00814.x PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 427WT UT WOS:000168429000010 PM 11298782 ER PT J AU Levin, TR Conell, C Shapiro, JA Chazan, SG Nadel, M Selby, JV AF Levin, TR Conell, C Shapiro, JA Chazan, SG Nadel, M Selby, JV TI Complications of screening sigmoidoscopy SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 SU 1 MA 346 BP A65 EP A65 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 429KA UT WOS:000168514700322 ER PT J AU Ley, C Mahar, A Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Sanchez, L Parsonnet, J AF Ley, C Mahar, A Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Sanchez, L Parsonnet, J TI Change in worst biopsy diagnosis 1 year after Helicobacter pylori eradication SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. INCAN, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 SU 1 MA 3999 BP A744 EP A744 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 429KA UT WOS:000168514703700 ER PT J AU Sinha, S Martin, B Kabani, A Gold, BD Song, QS Sargent, M Bernstein, CN AF Sinha, S Martin, B Kabani, A Gold, BD Song, QS Sargent, M Bernstein, CN TI The incidence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) acquisition in children of a Northern Manitoba Aboriginal community: Evidence for parent to-child transmission. SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 SU 1 MA 687 BP A128 EP A129 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 429KA UT WOS:000168514700631 ER PT J AU Song, AS Zirnstein, GW Swaminathan, B Gold, BD AF Song, AS Zirnstein, GW Swaminathan, B Gold, BD TI A novel method for isolation of Helicobacter pylori from contaminated human and environmental specimens SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2947 BP A580 EP A580 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 429KA UT WOS:000168514702877 ER PT J AU Bidwell, J Keen, L Gallagher, G Kimberly, R Huizinga, T McDermott, MF Oksenberg, J McNicholl, J Pociot, F Hardt, C D'Alfonso, S AF Bidwell, J Keen, L Gallagher, G Kimberly, R Huizinga, T McDermott, MF Oksenberg, J McNicholl, J Pociot, F Hardt, C D'Alfonso, S TI Cytokine gene polymorphism in human disease: on-line databases, Supplement 1 SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review DE cytokine gene polymorphism; on-line databases ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; FACTOR-ALPHA GENE; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; PRIMARY BILIARY-CIRRHOSIS; JUVENILE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; FACTOR PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; TYPE-1 AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; HLA-DRB1 SHARED EPITOPE C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Bristol BS6 6JU, Avon, England. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirm, Dept Surg, Glasgow G31 2ER, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. St Bartholomews & Royal London Hosp, Sch Med & Dent, Med Unit, London E1 1BB, England. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CDC, DASTLR, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Steno Diabet Ctr, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. Univ Essen Gesamthsch Klinikum, Inst Humangenet, D-45122 Essen, Germany. Dipartimento Sci Med, I-28100 Novara, Italy. RP Bidwell, J (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Homoeopath Hosp Site, Bristol BS6 6JU, Avon, England. RI D'Alfonso, Sandra/K-7295-2014; OI D'Alfonso, Sandra/0000-0002-3983-9925; Kimberly, Robert/0000-0002-5330-3086; Pociot, Flemming/0000-0003-3274-5448 NR 129 TC 198 Z9 209 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD APR PY 2001 VL 2 IS 2 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6363733 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 421GH UT WOS:000168056300001 PM 11393658 ER PT J AU John, R Hennessy, CH Dyeson, TB Garrett, MD AF John, R Hennessy, CH Dyeson, TB Garrett, MD TI Toward the conceptualization and measurement of caregiver burden among Pueblo Indian family caregivers SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE family caregiving; American Indians; caregiver burden ID RESEARCH ISSUES; ELDERS; STRESS; DIMENSIONS; RELATIVES; SERVICES; DEMENTIA AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate burden experienced by a group of American Indian primary family caregivers and to determine if caregiver burden is a multi-dimensional concept. Design and Methods: This analysis is based on the results of a survey questionnaire administered to 169 Pueblo primary family caregivers in New Mexico. Results: Analysis of the items composing the Caregiver Burden scale indicated that caregiver burden is multidimensional and consists of several types of burden. Caregiver burden, as identified in this sample, is composed of four dimensions: role conflict, negative feelings, lack of caregiver efficacy, and guilt. Investigations of caregiver burden should consider the multidimensionality of this experience and evaluate burden accordingly. Implications: By identifying the specific type of burden that a caregiver experiences, interventions can be targeted more accurately to support family caregiving. C1 NE Louisiana Univ, Gerontol Program, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Data Anal Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP John, R (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Hlth Promot Sci, 801 NE 13th St,Room 369-A, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG11294] NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD APR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 210 EP 219 PG 10 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 419PD UT WOS:000167956800010 PM 11327487 ER PT J AU Basen-Engquist, K Coyle, KK Parcel, GS Kirby, D Banspach, SW Carvajal, SC Baumler, E AF Basen-Engquist, K Coyle, KK Parcel, GS Kirby, D Banspach, SW Carvajal, SC Baumler, E TI Schoolwide effects of a multicomponent HIV, STD, and pregnancy prevention program for high school students SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; SAFER CHOICES; CONDOM USE; SELF-EFFICACY; AIDS; IMPACT; BEHAVIOR; DETERMINANTS; MAMMOGRAPHY AB Few studies have tested schoolwide interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior, and none have demonstrated significant schoolwide effects. This study evaluates the schoolwide effects of Safer Choices, a multicomponent, behavioral theory-based HIV, STD, and pregnancy prevention program, on risk behavior, school climate, and psychosocial variables. Twenty urban high schools were randomized, and cross-sectional samples of classes were surveyed at baseline, the end of intervention (19 months after baseline), and 31 months after baseline. At 19 months, the program had a positive effect on the frequency of sex without a condom At 31 months, students in Safer Choices schools reported having sexual intercourse without a condom with fewer partners. The program positively affected psychosocial variables and school climate for HIV/STD and pregnancy prevention. The program did not influence the prevalence of recent sexual intercourse. Schoolwide changes in condom use demonstrated that a school-based program can reduce the sexual risk behavior of adolescents. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Promot Res & Dev, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Educ Training & Res ETR Associates, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Basen-Engquist, K (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Box 243, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-91-0938] NR 45 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD APR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 166 EP 185 DI 10.1177/109019810102800204 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 409PA UT WOS:000167391000003 PM 11265827 ER PT J AU Baron, PA AF Baron, PA TI Measurement of airborne fibers: A review SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE asbestos; chrystotile; glass fibers; fiber measurement; fiber classification; microscopy; direct-reading instrument ID PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ASBESTOS FIBERS; LENGTH; PERFORMANCE; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE; ACCURACY; PROGRAM AB Current fiber measurement techniques arose primarily due to health concerns over asbestos exposure. Fiber toxicity appears to be primarily a function of fiber concentration, dimensions and durability in the lungs, There are two basic approaches to fiber measurement. Fibers can be collected on filters and counted or analyzed by light or electron microscopy; alternatively, fibers can be detected directly using a combination of fiber alignment and light scattering techniques, All of these measurement approaches work best when the fibers are simple rod-shaped particles. However, most fibers can exist as curved rods, complex bundles of fibrils, and agglomerates of fibers and compact particles. These non-ideal shapes contribute to measurement bias and variability. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Baron, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 82 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL INST INDUSTRIAL HEALTH PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.2486/indhealth.39.39 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 424RZ UT WOS:000168246400002 PM 11341557 ER PT J AU Mbow, ML Zeidner, N Gilmore, RD Dolan, M Piesman, J Titus, RG AF Mbow, ML Zeidner, N Gilmore, RD Dolan, M Piesman, J Titus, RG TI Major histocompatibility complex class II-independent generation of neutralizing antibodies against T-cell-dependent Borrelia burgdorferi antigens presented by dendritic cells: Regulation by NK and gamma delta T cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-SURFACE-PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE AGENT; MHC CLASS-II; IN-VIVO; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES; APOPTOTIC CELLS; SCID MICE; B-CELLS; INFECTION AB We previously showed that adoptive transfer of Borrelia burgdorferi-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) into syngeneic mice protects animals from challenge with tick-transmitted spirochetes, Here, we demonstrate that the protective immune response is antibody (Ab) dependent and does not require the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on DCs. Mice sensitized with B. burgdorferi-pulsed MHC class II-deficient (MHC class II-/-) DCs mounted a humoral response against protective antigens, including B. burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA) and OspC, B-cell help for the generation of neutralizing anti-OspC immunoglobulin G Abs could be provided by gamma delta T cells. In contrast, anti-OspA Ab production required the presence of alpha beta T cells, although this pathway could be independent of MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Moreover, depletion of NK cells prior to transfer of antigen-pulsed MHC class II-/- DCs resulted in significant increases in the levels of neutralizing Abs induced by DCs, Altogether, these data suggest that the initial interactions between DCs and innate immune cells, such as gamma delta and NK cells, can influence the generation of a protective humoral response against B, burgdorferi antigens. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mbow, ML (reprint author), Centocor Inc, 200 Great Valley Pkwy, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 BP 2407 EP 2415 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.4.2407-2415.2001 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 413MT UT WOS:000167616500054 PM 11254601 ER PT J AU Manangan, LP Pugliese, G Jackson, M Lynch, P Sohn, AH Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR AF Manangan, LP Pugliese, G Jackson, M Lynch, P Sohn, AH Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR TI Infection control dogma: Top 10 suspects SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECAUTIONS; PREVENTION; SYSTEM AB As infection control evolved into an art and science through the years, many infection control practices have become infection control dogmas (principles, beliefs, ideas, or opinions). In this "Reality Check" session of the 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections, we assessed participants' perceptions of prevalent infection control dogmas. The majority of participants agreed with all dogmas having evidence of efficacy, except for the dogma on the frequency of changing mechanical-ventilator tubing. In contrast, the majority of participants disagreed with dogmas not having evidence of efficacy, except for the dogma on perineal care, umbilical cord care, and reminder signs for isolation precaution, As for controversial dog mas, many of the responses were almost evenly distributed between "agree" and "disagree." Infection control professionals were knowledgeable about evidence-based infection control practices. However, many of the respondents still believe in some of the non-evidence-based dogmas. C1 CDCP, US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US PHS, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Premier Safety Inst, Chicago, IL USA. Epidemiol Associates, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. US Dept HHS, PHS,CDC,Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Manangan, LP (reprint author), CDCP, US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US PHS, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1086/501894 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 433WP UT WOS:000168783900011 PM 11379715 ER PT J AU Henneberger, PK Cumro, D Deubner, DD Kent, MS McCawley, M Kreiss, K AF Henneberger, PK Cumro, D Deubner, DD Kent, MS McCawley, M Kreiss, K TI Beryllium sensitization and disease among long-term and short-term workers in a beryllium ceramics plant SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE beryllium disease; epidemiology; exposure-response; beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test surveillance ID PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Workers at a beryllium ceramics plant were tested for beryllium sensitization and disease in 1998 to determine whether the plant-wide prevalence of sensitization and disease had declined since the last screening in 1992; an elevated prevalence was associated with specific processes or with high exposures, exposure-response relationships differed for long-term workers hired before the last plant-wide screening and short-term workers hired since then. Methods: Current workers were asked to complete a questionnaire and to provide blood for the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT). Those with an abnormal BeLPT were classified as sensitized, and were offered clinical evaluation for beryllium disease. Task- and time-specific measurements of airborne beryllium were combined with individual work histories to compute mean, cumulative, and peak beryllium exposures for each worker. Results: The 151 participants represented 90% of 167 eligible workers. Fifteen (9.9% of 151)had an abnormal BeLPT and were split between long-term workers (8/77 = 10.4%) and short-term workers (7/74 = 9.5%). Beryllium disease was detected in 9.1% (7/77) of long-term workers but in only 1.4% (1/74) of short-term workers (P = 0.06), for an overall prevalence of 5.3% (8/151). These prevalences were similar to those observed in the earlier survey. The prevalence of sensitization was elevated in 1992 among machinists, and was still elevated in 1998 among long term workers (7/40 = 18%) but not among short-term workers (2/36 = 6%) with machining experience. The prevalence of sensitization was also elevated in both groups of workers for the processes of lapping, forming, firing, and packaging. The data suggested a positive relationship between peak beryllium exposure and sensitization for long-term workers and between mean, cumulative, and peak exposure and sensitization for short-term workers, although these findings were not statistically significant. Long-term workers with either a high peak exposure or work experience in forming were more likely to have an abnormal BeLPT (8/51 = 16%) than the other long-term workers (0/26, P = 0.05). All seven sensitized short-term workers either had high mean beryllium exposure or had worked longest in forming or machining (7/55 = 13% versus 0/19, P = 0.18). Conclusions: A plant-wide decline in beryllium exposures between the 1992 and 1998 surveys was not matched by a decline in the prevalence of sensitization and disease. Similar to findings from other studies, beryllium sensitization/disease was associated with specific processes and elevated exposures. The contrast in disease prevalence between long-term and short-term workers suggests that beryllium sensitization can occur after a short period of exposure, but beryllium disease usually requires a longer latency and;or period of exposure. The findings from this study motivated interventions to more aggressively protect and test workers, and new research into skin exposure as a route of sensitization and the contribution of individual susceptibility. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Brush Wellman Inc, Elmore, OH USA. RP Henneberger, PK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 20 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR PY 2001 VL 74 IS 3 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s004200100237 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 427KC UT WOS:000168402500003 PM 11355290 ER PT J AU Drake, PL Rojas, M Reh, CM Mueller, CA Jenkins, FM AF Drake, PL Rojas, M Reh, CM Mueller, CA Jenkins, FM TI Occupational exposure to airborne mercury during gold mining operations near El Callao, Venezuela SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE gold mining; mercury; biological monitoring; NAG; occupational exposure ID RENAL-FUNCTION; INORGANIC MERCURY; VAPOR; BRAZIL; NEPHROTOXICITY; CADMIUM; DISEASE; URINE AB Objective: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recently conducted a cross-sectional study during gold mining operations near El Callao, Venezuela. The purpose of the study was to assess mercury exposures and mercury-related microdamage to the kidneys. The study consisted of concurrent occupational hygiene and biological monitoring, and an examination of the processing techniques employed at the different mining facilities. Mercury was used in these facilities to remove gold by forming a mercury-gold amalgam. The gold was purified either by heating the amalgam in the open with a propane torch or by using a small retort. Methods: Thirty-eight workers participated in this study. Some participants were employed by a large mining company, while others were considered "informal miners" (self-employed). Mercury exposure was monitored by sampling air from the workers ' breathing zones. These full-shift air samples were used to calculate time-weighted average (TWA) mercury exposure concentrations. A questionnaire was administered and a spot urine sample was collected. Each urine sample was analyzed for mercury, creatinine, and N-acetyl-beta -D-glucosaminidase (NAG). Results: The range for the 8-h TWA airborne mercury exposure concentrations was 0.1 to 6,315 mug/m(3) with a mean of 183 mug/m(3) Twenty percent of the TWA airborne mercury exposure measurements were above the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) of 50 mug/m(3), and 26% exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV) of 25 mug/m(3). The mean urine mercury concentration was 101 mug/g creatinine (mug/g-Cr), and the data ranged from 2.5 to 912 mug/g-Cr. Forty-two percent of the study participants had urine mercury concentrations that exceeded the ACGIH biological exposure index (BEI) of 35 mug/g-Cr. Urinary NAG excretion is considered a biological marker of preclinical, nonspecific microdamage to the kidney 's proximal tubule cells. The mean urine NAG concentration was 3.6 International Units/g-Cr (IU/g-Cr) with a range of 0.5 to 11.5 IU/g-Cr. Three workers had urine NAG levels in excess of the reference values. Correlation analyses found statistically significant correlations between airborne mercury exposure and urine mercury level (P = 0.01), and between urine mercury level and urine NAG excretion (P = 0.01). In addition, the airborne mercury exposure data and urine mercury data were segregated by job tasks. A Wilcoxon rank sum test revealed significant correlations between tasks and mercury exposure (P = 0.03), and between tasks and urine mercury level (P = 0.02). Conclusions: The tasks with the highest mean airborne mercury exposures were "burning the mercury-gold amalgam" and "gold refining/smelting". Recommendations were provided for improving the retort design to better contain mercury, for ventilation in the gold shops, and for medical surveillance and educational programs. C1 NIOSH, Res Lab, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. Univ Carabobo, Ctr Toxicol Invest, CITUC, Valencia, Venezuela. NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Drake, PL (reprint author), NIOSH, Res Lab, 315E Montgomery, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD APR PY 2001 VL 74 IS 3 BP 206 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s004200000206 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 427KC UT WOS:000168402500008 PM 11355295 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Buffington, J AF Thacker, SB Buffington, J TI Applied epidemiology for the 21st Century SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; training; public health ID PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE; BLACK-BOX; ACADEMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTELLIGENCE SERVICE; FUTURE; PARADIGMS; PROSECUTION; SCIENCES; FAILURE; WITNESS AB Background Critics argue that the modem epidemiologist seems more concerned with intricately modelling complex relationships among risk factors than understanding their origins and their implications for public health. Indeed, some contend that epi demiology has reached its limits as a discipline. To address such concerns, alternatives have been proposed that integrate biological, analytical, and social approaches to epidemiological practice and training. Methods The published literature was reviewed to examine critical issues in current epidemiological practice and training. In addition, we reviewed records of training programmes in applied epidemiology established in 20 countries. Results We describe an existing approach to preparing epidemiologists for the emerging challenges of public health in which epidemiological research and practice are applied toward the end of improving public health and health care. Training in applied epidemiology is based on a philosophy of 'learning while doing'. Under the supervision of an experienced epidemiologist, trainees conduct field investigations, analyse large data bases, evaluate surveillance systems, publish and present scientific research, and respond to public enquiries. More than 3000 people have received intensive formal training over the past 50 years in programmes in more than 20 countries; most graduates continued to use the tools of applied epidemiology in their work. Conclusion Training in applied epidemiology anchors the discipline in population-based, relevant public health practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop C08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 320 EP 325 DI 10.1093/ije/30.2.320 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 433YZ UT WOS:000168789500025 PM 11369737 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI BMI rebound, childhood height and obesity among adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE adiposity rebound; body mass index; weight; children; longitudinal study; height; obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; RELATIVE WEIGHT; YOUNG-ADULTS; ADIPOSITY; CHILDREN; MENARCHE; HEALTH; SIZE; AGE; ADOLESCENCE AB OBJECTIVE: The beginning of the post-infancy rise in the body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) has been termed the adiposity rebound, and several studies have found that an early rebound increases the risk for overweight in adulthood. We examined whether this relation is independent of childhood BMI levels. DESIGN: A longitudinal study of 105 subjects who examined at ages 5, 6, 7, 8 and 19-23 y. RESULTS: Subjects with an age at the BMI rebound (age(min)) of less than or equal to 5 y were, on average, 4-5 kg/m(2) heavier in early adulthood than were subjects whose age(min) was greater than or equal to 7Y Age(min), however, was also correlated with childhood BMI levels (r similar to -0.5), and we found that age(min) provided no additional information on adult overweight if the BMI level at age 7 y (or 8 y) was known. In contrast, childhood height, which was also correlated with age(min) (r= -0.47), was independently related to adult BMI. Among relatively heavy (BMI=16.0kg/m(2)) 5-y-olds, a child with a height of 120cm was estimated to be 1.2kg/m(2) heavier in adulthood than would a 104 cm tall child. CONCLUSIONS: Although an early BMI rebound was related to higher levels of relative weight in adulthood, this association was not independent of childhood BMI levels. The relation of childhood height to adult BMI needs to confirmed in other cohorts, but it is possible that childhood height may help identify children who are likely to become overweight adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 38844] NR 32 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD APR PY 2001 VL 25 IS 4 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801581 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 416DN UT WOS:000167765100016 PM 11319660 ER PT J AU Aral, SO AF Aral, SO TI Sexually transmitted diseases: magnitude, determinants and consequences SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Review DE sexual mixing; STDs; risk factors; population determinants; sexual risk ID PATTERNS; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; SPREAD; HIV AB Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections constitute a major reproductive health burden for sexually-active individuals. The short-term and long-term consequences of STD have been well documented and include genital and other cancers, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and adverse outcomes of pregnancy including pre-term delivery and low birth weight. The burden of sexually transmitted infections falls disproportionately on the young, the poor, minorities and women. At the societal level, there is a continuing need to educate people, particularly adolescents, about their risk for STDs and their sequelae and to increase the use of barrier methods including condoms. Policy decisions that facilitate more open discussion of sexuality and STDs, and that expand the accessibility and acceptability of sexual risk assessment, STD screening and treatment services would help decrease STD rates in the United States to levels similar to those observed in other industrialized countries. C1 CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE M-S-E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD APR PY 2001 VL 12 IS 4 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1258/0956462011922814 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422EH UT WOS:000168105200001 PM 11319969 ER PT J AU Roongpisuthipong, A Siriwasin, W Simonds, RJ Sangtaweesin, V Vanprapar, N Wasi, C Singhanati, S Mock, P Young, N Parekh, B Mastro, TD Shaffer, N AF Roongpisuthipong, A Siriwasin, W Simonds, RJ Sangtaweesin, V Vanprapar, N Wasi, C Singhanati, S Mock, P Young, N Parekh, B Mastro, TD Shaffer, N TI HIV seroconversion during pregnancy and risk for mother-to-infant transmission SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; perinatal transmission; pregnancy; seroconversion; Thailand; viral load ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INFECTION; THAILAND; BANGKOK; LOAD AB Pregnant women infected with HIV-1 were enrolled in a prospective mother-to-infant transmission study from 1992 through 1994 in Bangkok. In participating hospitals, voluntary HIV testing was routinely offered at the beginning of antenatal care and again in the middle of the third trimester of pregnancy. Women who seroconverted to HIV during pregnancy were compared with women who had tested positive on their first antenatal test. Maternal HIV RNA levels were determined during pregnancy, at delivery, and postpartum using RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and infection status in infants was determined by DNA PCR. Na infants were breastfed, but prophylactic antiretroviral therapy was not yet used in Thailand to prevent transmission from mother to infant. Among enrolled women, 16 who seroconverted during pregnancy and 279 who were HIV-l-seropositive at their first antenatal test gave birth, Median plasma RNA levels at delivery were similar for the two groups (17,505 and 20,845 copies/ml, respectively; p = .8). Two (13.3%) of 15 infants born to women who seroconverted and 66 (24.8%) of 266 infants born to previously HIV-seropositive women were infected with HIV (p = .5). There was no increased risk for mother-to-infant HSV transmission and no significant difference in viral load at delivery between HIV-infected women who seroconverted to HIV during pregnancy and those who were HIV-seropositive when first tested. C1 HIV AIDS Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dept Med Serv, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Rajavithi Hosp, Dept Med Serv, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simonds, RJ (reprint author), HIV AIDS Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 348 EP 351 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 426NG UT WOS:000168354800009 PM 11317077 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Indices of adipose tissue distribution, apolipoproteins B and AI, lipoprotein (a), and triglyceride concentration in children aged 4-11 years: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; child; sex factors; blacks; Hispanics ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; MEN; CHOLESTEROL; LIPIDS; WOMEN AB This study examined the association of body fat distribution with serum apolipoproteins, lipoprotein (a), and triglyceride, risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity, in a representative sample of U.S. black, white, and Hispanic children. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for children aged 4-11 years revealed the mean waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) varied consistently with age, gender, and ethnic group. Levels were highest in Mexican Americans. WHR showed significant negative associations with apo AI concentration and positive associations with apo B and the ratio of apo B to apo AI independent of age but not body mass index (BMI). Associations of WHR with serum triglyceride concentration were independent of age and BMI. Other indices of body fat distribution were not superior to WHR. Lp (a) was not consistently associated with WHR. In conclusion, after controlling for BMI and age, body fat distribution was not significantly associated with apo AI and apo B with few exceptions. Nor was Lp (a) significantly associated with body fat distribution. Casual serum triglyceride levels were significantly positively associated with WHR independent of age and BMI in non-Hispanic white and Mexican American children. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 4 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00330-9 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 417KX UT WOS:000167835100007 PM 11297887 ER PT J AU Brown, EL Wooten, RM Johnson, BJB Iozzo, RV Smith, A Dolan, MC Guo, BP Weis, JJ Hook, M AF Brown, EL Wooten, RM Johnson, BJB Iozzo, RV Smith, A Dolan, MC Guo, BP Weis, JJ Hook, M TI Resistance to Lyme disease in decorin-deficient mice SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI INFECTION; PROTEOGLYCAN DECORIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; INDUCED ARTHRITIS; HUMAN PLATELETS; BINDING; GROWTH; SPIROCHETE; CELLS AB Microbial adhesion to the host tissue represents an early, critical step in the pathogenesis of most infectious diseases. Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease (LD), expresses two surface-exposed decorin-binding adhesins, DbpA and DbpB. A decorin-deficient (Dcn(-/-)) mouse was recently developed and found to have a relatively mild phenotype. We have now examined the process of experimental LD in Dcn(-/-) mice using both needle inoculation and tick transmission of spirochetes. When exposed to low doses of the infective agent, Dcn(-/-) mice had fewer Borrelia-positive cultures from most tissues analyzed than did Dcn(+/+) or Dcn(+/-) mice. When the infection dose was increased, similar differences were not observed in most tissues but were seen in bacterial colonization of joints and the extent of Borrelin-induced arthritis. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that joints harvested from Dcn(-/-) mice had diminished Borrelia numbers compared with issues harvested from Dcn(-/-) controls. Histological examination also revealed a low incidence and severity of arthritis in Dcn(-/-) mice. Conversely, no differences in the numbers of Borrelia-positive skin cultures were observed among the different genotypes regardless of the infection dose. These differences, which were observed regardless of genetic background of the mice (BALB/c or C3H/HeN) or method of infection, demonstrate the importance of decorin in the pathogenesis of LD. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Extracelular Matrix Biol, Albert B Alkek Inst Biosci & Technol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Pathol Anat & Cell Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Cell Biol & Immunol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Brown, EL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Extracelular Matrix Biol, Albert B Alkek Inst Biosci & Technol, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd,Suite 603, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Iozzo, Renato/0000-0002-5908-5112 FU NCI NIH HHS [5P03-CA-42104]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR43521, R01 AR043521]; PHS HHS [CCU614695] NR 48 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA ROOM 4570 KRESGE I, 200 ZINA PITCHER PLACE, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-0560 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD APR PY 2001 VL 107 IS 7 BP 845 EP 852 DI 10.1172/JCI11692 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 418DN UT WOS:000167875800014 PM 11285303 ER PT J AU Hazra, R Floyd, MM Sloutsky, A Husson, RN AF Hazra, R Floyd, MM Sloutsky, A Husson, RN TI Novel mycobacterium related to Mycobacterium triplex as a cause of cervical lymphadenitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIBED SPACER SEQUENCES; AVIUM COMPLEX; CHILDREN; STRAINS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; AGENT; AIDS; RNA AB The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an important cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children, and its incidence appears to be increasing in the United States and elsewhere. In areas where Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not prevalent, nt avium causes the vast majority of cases of mycobacterial lymphadenitis, although several other nontuberculous mycobacterial species have been reported as etiologic agents. This report describes the case of a child with cervical lymphadenitis caused by a nontuberculous mycobacterium that could not he identified using standard methods, including biochemical reactions and genetic probes. Direct 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing showed greater than 99% homology with Mycobacterium tripler, but sequence analysis of the 283-bp 16S-23S internal transcribed sparer (ITS) sequence showed only 95% identity, suggesting that it is a novel species or subspecies within a complex of organisms that includes M. tripler. Mycolic acid high-performance liquid chromatography analysis also identified this isolate as distinct from M. triplex, and differences in susceptibility to streptomycin and rifampin between this strain and M. tripler were also observed. These data support the value of further testing of clinical isolates that test negative with the MAC nucleic acid probes and suggest that standard methods used for the identification of mycobacteria may underestimate the complexity of the genus Mycobacterium. ITS sequence analysis may be useful in this setting because it is easy to perform and is able to distinguish closely related species and subspecies. This level of discrimination may have significant clinical ramifications, as closely related organisms may have different antibiotic susceptibility patterns. C1 Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts State Lab Inst, Mycobacteriol Lab, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Husson, RN (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32AI-07061-22, T32 AI007061] NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1230 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1227-1230.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500004 PM 11283032 ER PT J AU Baros, RR Carvalho, MDS Peralta, JM Facklam, RR Teixeira, LM AF Baros, RR Carvalho, MDS Peralta, JM Facklam, RR Teixeira, LM TI Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pediococcus strains isolated from human clinical sources SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACIDILACTICI STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROCOCCI; BACTERIA; LEUCONOSTOCS; PENTOSACEUS AB Seventy-two strains of pediococci isolated from human clinical sources were characterized by conventional physiological tests, chromogenic enzymatic tests, analysis of whole-cell protein profiles (WCPF) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and analysis of chromosomal DNA restriction profiles by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Conventional tests allowed identification of 67 isolates: 52 strains were Identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, 15 strains were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, and 5 strains,c ere not identified because of atypical reactions, Analysis of WCPP identified all isolates since each species had a unique WCPP. By the WCPP method, the atypical strains were identified as P. acidilactici (two strains) and P, pentosaceus (three strains). The chromogenic substrate test with o-nitrophenyl-beta -D-glucopyranoside different entiated all 54 strains of P. acidilactici (negative reactions) and 13 (72%) of 18 strains of P. pentosaceus (positive reactions). Isolates of both species were shown to be nonclonal as revealed by the genetic diversity when chromosomal DNA was analyzed by PFGE. Using WCPP as the definitive identification procedure, P. acidilactici (28 of 54 strains; 51.8%) was more likely than P. pentosaceus (4 of 18 strains; 22.3%) to be isolated From blood cultures. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS, Bloco 1,Cidade Univ, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM immmtml@microbio.ufrj.br NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1241 EP 1246 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500007 ER PT J AU Shi, PY Kauffman, EB Ren, P Felton, A Tai, JH Dupuis, AP Jones, SA Ngo, KA Nicholas, DC Maffei, J Ebel, GD Bernard, KA Kramer, LD AF Shi, PY Kauffman, EB Ren, P Felton, A Tai, JH Dupuis, AP Jones, SA Ngo, KA Nicholas, DC Maffei, J Ebel, GD Bernard, KA Kramer, LD TI High-throughput detection of west Nile virus RNA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITIS; AMPLIFICATION; OUTBREAK; PROBES; ASSAY AB The recent outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) in the northeastern United States and other regions of the world have made it essential to develop an efficient protocol for surveillance of WNV. In the present report, we describe a high-throughput procedure that combines automated RNA extraction, amplification, and detection of WNV RNA. The procedure analyzed 96 samples in approximately 4.5 h, A robotic system, the ABI Prism 6700 Automated Nucleic Acid workstation, extracted RNA and set up reactions for real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in a 96-well format. The robot extracted RNA with a recovery as efficient as that of a commercial RNA extraction kit, A real-time RT-PCR assay was used to detect and quantitate WNV RNA. Using in vitro transcribed RNA, we estimated the detection limit of the real-time RT-FCR to be approximately 10 copies of RNA. A standard RT-PCR assay was optimized to a sensitivity similar to that of the real-time RT-PCR. The standard assay can be reliably used to test a small number of samples or to confirm previous test results, Using internal primers in a nested RT-PCR, we increased the sensitivity by approximately 10-fold compared to that of the standard RT-PCR. The results of the study demonstrated for the first time that the use of an automated system for the purpose of large-scale viral RNA surveillance dramatically increased the speed and efficiency of sample throughput for diagnosis. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Appl Biosyst Inc, Sample Preparat Syst, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shi, PY (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RI Ebel, Gregory/D-8324-2017 NR 24 TC 160 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1264 EP 1271 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1264-1271.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500011 PM 11283039 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, DR Quay, J Pallansch, MA Oberste, MS AF Kilpatrick, DR Quay, J Pallansch, MA Oberste, MS TI Type-specific detection of echovirus 30 isolates using degenerate reverse transcriptase PCR primers SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUSES; CODON DEGENERACY; UNITED-STATES; MIXED-BASE; IDENTIFICATION; POLIOVIRUSES; PICORNAVIRUSES; SEQUENCES AB Following an approach used to specifically identify polioviruses and enterovirus 71, we have developed reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR primers containing mixed-base residues or deoxyinosine at positions of codon degeneracy. These printers permit specific RT-PCR amplification of echovirus 30 (E30) sequences by targeting sites that encode conserved amino acid motifs within the major capsid protein, VPI. All 221 E30 strains tested, isolated in 16 countries over a 44-year period, yielded the predicted 158-bp PCR product, No specific products were obtained by PCR assays containing templates from any of the other 63 EV serotypes, Inosine-containing degenerate primers may be widely applicable to the identification of echovirus serotypes by PCR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kilpatrick, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1302 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1299-1302.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500017 PM 11283045 ER PT J AU Gold, BD van Doorn, LJ Guarner, J Owens, M Pierce-Smith, D Song, QS Hutwagner, L Sherman, PM de Mola, OL Czinn, SJ AF Gold, BD van Doorn, LJ Guarner, J Owens, M Pierce-Smith, D Song, QS Hutwagner, L Sherman, PM de Mola, OL Czinn, SJ TI Genotypic, clinical, and demographic characteristics of children infected with Helicobacter pylori SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; ALLELIC DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE FACTORS; DUODENAL-ULCER; CAGA STATUS; DISEASE; VACA; STRAINS; RELEVANCE AB Helicobacter pylori isolates vary between geographic regions. Certain H. pylori genotypes may be associated with disease outcome. Thirty-eight children underwent diagnostic upper endoscopy at four medical centers and were retrospectively analyzed to determine if Ii. pylori virulence genes were associated with endoscopic disease severity, histologic parameters, and host demographics. The ii. pylori virulence genotype was analyzed by a reverse hybridization line probe assay and type-specific PCR. Endoscopic ulcers or erosions were found in 17 (45%) patients, with 13 (34%) of these patients having antral nodularity. Histological gastritis, of varying severity, was present in all children. Four patients harbored more than one Ii. pylori strain: one subject had both cagA(+) and cagA-negative strains, while three patients harbored either two different cagA-negative strains (two children) or two cagA(+) strains tone child). There were 28 (74%) cagA(+) isolates; 19 were associated with the vacA s1b genotype, 7 were associated with the vacA sla genotype. 1 was associated with the vacA s1c genotype, and 1 was associated with the s2 genotype. Of 14 cagA-negative isolates, 6 were vacA s2 genotype, 4 were vacA s1b, 3 were vacA sla, and I was, vacA sie. Nine of ten (90%) Hispanics had similar II. pylori strains (vacA s1b,ml), and all Asian-Canadian children were infected by strains with vacA sie genotype, No correlation between Ii. pylori strain and endoscopic or histopathologic abnormalities was found. This study provides a baseline framework of North American children and their H. pylori strains, serving as a powerful epidemiological tool for prospective investigations to better understand the transmission and evolution of diverse disease outcomes. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Dept Pediat,Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Egleston, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Delft Diagnost Lab, Delft, Netherlands. Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Miami Childrens Hosp, Miami, FL USA. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Food Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gold, BD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Dept Pediat,Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Egleston, 2040 Ridgewood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; OI Sherman, Philip/0000-0002-4733-6690 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 46461-01, DK 53708-01] NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1348 EP 1352 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1348-1352.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500027 PM 11283055 ER PT J AU Kato, H Kato, N Watanabe, K Yamamoto, T Suzuki, K Ishigo, S Kunihiro, S Nakamura, I Killgore, GE Nakamura, S AF Kato, H Kato, N Watanabe, K Yamamoto, T Suzuki, K Ishigo, S Kunihiro, S Nakamura, I Killgore, GE Nakamura, S TI Analysis of Clostridium difficile isolates from nosocomial outbreaks at three hospitals in diverse areas of Japan SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TOXIN-A; DIARRHEA; STRAIN; PCR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COLITIS AB Clostridium difficile isolates recovered from patients with C, difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) at three hospitals located in diverse areas of Japan were analyzed by three typing systems, PCR ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Western immunoblotting. At the three hospitals examined, a single PCR ribotype strain (type smz) was predominant and accounted for 22 (65%) of 34, 18 (64%) of 28, and 11 (44%) of 25 isolates, respectively. All of the 51 isolates that represented PCR ribotype smz were nontypeable by PFGE because of DNA degradation. Since the type smz strain did not react with any of the antisera against 10 different serogroups (A, B, C, D, P, G, II, I, R, and X), we prepared a new antiserum against a type smz isolate. All 51 type smz isolates presented identical banding patterns, reacting with the newly prepared antiserum (designated subserogroup JP-0 of serogroup JP), These results were compared with those of a strain from a hospital outbreak that occurred in New York which has been identified as type J9 by restriction enzyme analysis and type 01/A by arbitrarily primed PCR but was nontypeable by PFGE because of DNA degradation, This strain was reported to he epidemic at multiple hospitals in the United States. The J9 strain represented a PCR ribotype pattern different from that of a type smz strain and was typed as subserogroup G-1 of serogroup G by immunoblot. analysis. A single outbreak type causing nosocomial CDAD in Japan was found to be different from the strain causing multiple outbreaks in the United States, even though the outbreak strains from the two countries were nontypeable by PFGE because of DNA degradation. C1 Kanazawa Univ, Sch Med, Dept Bacteriol, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208640, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yamaguchi Prefectural Hosp, Bofu 7478511, Japan. Ogaki Municipal Hosp, Ogaki 5030864, Japan. Nagoyashi Koseiin Geriatr Hosp, Nagoya, Aichi 4658610, Japan. Gifu Univ, Sch Med, Inst Anaerob Bacteriol, Gifu 5008705, Japan. RP Kato, H (reprint author), Kanazawa Univ, Sch Med, Dept Bacteriol, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208640, Japan. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1391 EP 1395 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1391-1395.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500033 PM 11283061 ER PT J AU Marston, CK Jamieson, F Cahoon, F Lesiak, G Golaz, A Reeves, M Popovic, T AF Marston, CK Jamieson, F Cahoon, F Lesiak, G Golaz, A Reeves, M Popovic, T TI Persistence of a distinct Corynebacterium diphtheriae clonal group within two communities in the United States and Canada where diphtheria is endemic SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; BLOOD-DONORS; IMMUNITY; TETANUS; ADULTS; RUSSIA AB Molecular characterization of 53 U.S. and Canadian Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA showed that strains with distinct molecular subtypes have persisted in the United States and Canada for at least 25 years. These strains are endemic rather than imported from countries with current endemic or epidemic diphtheria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Se, Epidem Invest Lab,Meningitis & Special Pathogens, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div,Natl Immunizat Progr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ontario Minist Hlth, Lab Serv Branch, Toronto, ON M5W 1R5, Canada. RP Marston, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Se, Epidem Invest Lab,Meningitis & Special Pathogens, MS G34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Jamieson, Frances/B-2040-2013 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1586 EP 1590 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1586-1590.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500064 PM 11283092 ER PT J AU Schmink, S Reeves, MW Plikaytis, B Popovic, T AF Schmink, S Reeves, MW Plikaytis, B Popovic, T TI Random amplified polymorphic DNA assay as a rapid tool in screening for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C isolates of electrophoretic type 24 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS AB Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NMSC) isolates of electrophoretic type 24 (ET-24), as identified by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, are the main cause of serogroup C meningococcal disease outbreaks and sporadic meningococcal disease in the United States. We evaluated a random amplified polymorphic DNA assay as a rapid tool to screen for isolates of ET-24 by testing 199 NMSC isolates of 51 different ETs. A sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 87% was achieved in identification of ET-24 isolates when the patterns obtained by two primers, P1 and P5, were analyzed together. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schmink, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 5,Room MS D11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1622 EP 1625 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1622-1625.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500073 PM 11283101 ER PT J AU Benson, RF Fields, BS AF Benson, RF Fields, BS TI Binax and Biotest Legionella urinary antigen kits - Author's reply SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Benson, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1682 EP 1682 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500094 ER PT J AU Xu, WH McDonough, MC Erdman, DD AF Xu, WH McDonough, MC Erdman, DD TI Species-specific identification of human adenoviruses by a multiplex PCR assay (vol 38, pg 4114, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Xu, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1686 EP 1686 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 419JX UT WOS:000167946500099 ER PT J AU Gillespie, RD Dolan, MC Piesman, J Titus, RG AF Gillespie, RD Dolan, MC Piesman, J Titus, RG TI Identification of an IL-2 binding protein in the saliva of the lyme disease vector tick, Ixodes scapularis SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI ACARI; PATHOGEN-FREE NYMPHS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; RICINUS TICKS; GLAND EXTRACTS; BALB/C MICE; IN-VITRO; IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT PROTEIN; REPEATED INFESTATIONS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AB A potent inhibitor of mitogen-stimulated T cell proliferation exists in the saliva of several species of hard ticks, including the Lyme disease vector tick, Ixodes scapularis. Our characterization of this phenomenon has led to the identification of a possible mechanism for the T cell inhibitory activity of I. scapularis saliva. The T cell inhibitor can overcome stimulation of mouse spleen cells with anti-CD3 mAb; however, a direct and avid interaction with T cells does not appear to be necessary. Tick saliva inhibits a mouse IL-2 capture ELISA, suggesting that a soluble IL-2 binding factor is present in the saliva. This hypothesis was verified by using a direct binding assay in which plate-immobilized tick saliva was shown to bind both mouse and human IL-2. Elimination of the IL-2 binding capacity of saliva in the in vitro assays by trypsin digestion demonstrated that the IL-2 binding factor is a protein. These experiments comprise the first demonstration of the existence of such a secreted IL-2 binding protein from any parasite or pathogen. This arthropod salivary IL-2 binding capacity provides a simple mechanism for the suppression of T cell proliferation as well as for the activity of other immune effector cells that are responsive to IL-2 stimulation. Relevance of the tick T cell inhibitory activity to the human immune system is demonstrated by the ability of tick saliva to inhibit proliferation of human T cells and CTLL-2 cells grown in the presence of human IL-2. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Titus, RG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI27511] NR 64 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 4319 EP 4326 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 471UZ UT WOS:000170948200007 PM 11254684 ER PT J AU Pinto, LA Blazevic, V Anderson, SA Venzon, DJ Mac Trubey, C Rowe, T Katz, JM Liewehr, D Dolan, MJ Shearer, GM AF Pinto, LA Blazevic, V Anderson, SA Venzon, DJ Mac Trubey, C Rowe, T Katz, JM Liewehr, D Dolan, MJ Shearer, GM TI Influenza virus-stimulated generation of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity after influenza vaccination in HIV-infected individuals and healthy control subjects SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CD8(+) T-CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; IFN-GAMMA; SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS; SUPPRESSIVE FACTORS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DENDRITIC CELLS AB Influenza virus stimulation of leukocytes induces factors that suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The effect of influenza vaccination on influenza-induced anti-HIV activity was investigated. Influenza vaccine was administered to 25 control subjects and 20 HIV-infected patients. Antiviral activity, cytokine production, and influenza antibodies were assessed before and 2 and 6 weeks after vaccination. Immunization induced a statistically significant increase in antiviral activity in control subjects but not in HIV patients, although the number of patients who generated this activity increased. Pre- and postvaccination levels of anti-HIV activity were significantly lower in HIV patients. Vaccination of control subjects and HIV patients induced increases in production of interleukin-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, but not of IFN-alpha. Virus load and CD4 cell counts were not significantly altered. This study demonstrates impairment of antiviral activity in HIV patients, in addition to deficiencies in antibody responses and cytokine production. In summary, influenza vaccination can induce an increase in multiple immunologic components that remained impaired in HIV patients. C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biostat & Data Management Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Intramural Res Support Program, Sci Applicat Int Corp Frederick, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shearer, GM (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Rm 4B36, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Venzon, David/B-3078-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CA-56000] NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 7 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1086/319277 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 409CL UT WOS:000167366900002 PM 11237823 ER PT J AU Pullium, JK Adams, DR Jackson, E Kim, CN Smith, DK Janssen, R Gould, K Folks, TM Butera, S Otten, RA AF Pullium, JK Adams, DR Jackson, E Kim, CN Smith, DK Janssen, R Gould, K Folks, TM Butera, S Otten, RA TI Pig-tailed macaques infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2(GB122) or simian/HIV89.6p express virus in semen during primary infection: New model for genital tract shedding and transmission SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Symposium on Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS CY OCT, 2000 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN ID SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; MACACA-NEMESTRINA; SEMINAL PLASMA; RHESUS-MONKEYS; DUAL INFECTION; BLOOD; RNA; DISEASE; AIDS; COMPARTMENTALIZATION AB Characterizing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expression in semen during primary infection remains essential to understanding the risk of sexual transmission. This investigation represents the first systematic evaluation of male genital tract shedding to use a nonhuman primate model, including the impact of exposure route and viral virulence. Male macaques were inoculated with either a chronic disease-causing virus (HIV-2(GB122); n = 4 intravenous; intrarectal) or an acutely pathogenic simian/HIV strain (SHIV89.6P; n = 2 intravenous). All macaques were systemically infected, and seminal plasma virion-associated RNA (vRNA) levels were similar to 10- fold lower than those in blood. In HIV-2(GB122) infection, seminal virus was delayed by 1-2 weeks compared with that in blood. Intrarectal inoculation resulted in a shorter duration of seminal vRNA expression and intermittent seminal cell provirus. No delays, higher peaks (similar to 50- fold), or longer durations in seminal virus expression were noted for SHIV89.6P infection. This novel model definitively establishes that virus dissemination results in early peak seminal levels and provides a basis for evaluating interventions targeting male genital tract expression. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Div Anim Resources, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Otten, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 7 BP 1023 EP 1030 DI 10.1086/319293 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 409CL UT WOS:000167366900005 PM 11237826 ER PT J AU Banatvala, N Griffin, PM Greene, KD Barrett, TJ Bibb, WF Green, JH Wells, JG AF Banatvala, N Griffin, PM Greene, KD Barrett, TJ Bibb, WF Green, JH Wells, JG CA Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Study Co TI The United States national prospective hemolytic uremic syndrome study: Microbiologic, serologic, clinical, and epidemiologic findings SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MULTIPLEX PCR; INFECTION; SEROTYPE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN; GENE AB The frequency of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes associated with postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) cases among children and adults in the United States and the proportion with IgM or IgG lipopolysaccharide antibodies to E. coli O157 were determined by use of a nationwide sample from January 1987 through December 1991. Among 83 patients, STEC were isolated from 30 (43%) of 70 whose stool cultures yielded bacterial growth (25 E. coli O157 isolates and 5 non-O157 STEC isolates). Fifty-three (80%) of 66 patients with serum samples had positive O157 lipopolysaccharide antibody titers. Of the 83 patients, 60 (72%) had evidence of STEC infection, including 6 of 8 adults whose illnesses also met criteria for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Data from a subset of patients suggest that E. coli O157 was the cause of greater than or equal to 80% of the STEC infections. All 3 women who were postpartum had evidence of E. coli O157 infection. STEC infection should be considered the likely cause for all persons with postdiarrheal HUS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Griffin, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 175 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 7 BP 1063 EP 1070 DI 10.1086/319269 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 409CL UT WOS:000167366900010 PM 11237831 ER PT J AU Henning, KJ Hall, EL Dwyer, DM Billmann, L Schuchat, A Johnson, JA Harrison, LH AF Henning, KJ Hall, EL Dwyer, DM Billmann, L Schuchat, A Johnson, JA Harrison, LH CA Maryland Emerging Infect Program TI Invasive group B streptococcal disease in Maryland nursing home residents SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL IMMUNIZATION; ADULTS; INFECTION; SEROTYPES; ANTIBODY; VACCINE AB Between 1991 and 1995, among 999 nonpregnant adult Maryland residents with group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolated from a normally sterile site, 84 resided in nursing homes (NHs). The age- adjusted annual incidence of GBS infection (per 100,000 population) among those greater than or equal to 65 years old was 72.3 for NH residents and 17.5 for community residents (relative risk, 4.1; P < .001). Thirty-four case patients resided in 11 NHs with 2 cases; 1 NH had 8 case patients within 22 months. Six of 8 case patients from 3 NHs had serotype V GBS. Molecular subtyping of several isolates identified 2 case patients in 1 NH with identical subtype patterns. NH residents have a markedly higher incidence of invasive GBS than do community residents greater than or equal to 65 years old and may serve as a target group for immunization when GBS vaccines become available. Further evaluation of intra-NH transmission of GBS is warranted. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol & Dis Control Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Maryland Hlth Care Syst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Field Epidemiol, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harrison, LH (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, 521 Parran Hall,130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 7 BP 1138 EP 1142 DI 10.1086/319278 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 409CL UT WOS:000167366900023 PM 11237844 ER PT J AU Effler, P Ieong, MC Kimura, A Nakata, M Burr, R Cremer, E Slutsker, L AF Effler, P Ieong, MC Kimura, A Nakata, M Burr, R Cremer, E Slutsker, L TI Sporadic Campylobacter jejuni infections in Hawaii: Associations with prior antibiotic use and commercially prepared chicken SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COLI ENTERITIS; UNITED-STATES; FOOD; SALMONELLA; ETIOLOGY; EXPOSURE AB Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States, and Hawaii has the highest rate of Campylobacter jejuni infections in the nation. A case-control study was conducted to determine indigenous exposures that contribute to the high incidence of sporadic C. jejuni infection in Hawaii. A total of 211 case patients with diarrhea and confirmed Campylobacter infection was enrolled, along with 1 age- and telephone exchange- matched control subject for each patient. Participants were interviewed about illness, medicines, food consumption, food- handling practices, and exposure to animals. In matched logistic regression analyses, eating chicken prepared by a commercial food establishment in the 7 days before case illness onset (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.8; P = .03) and consuming antibiotics during the 28 days before illness onset (AOR, 3.3; P = .03) were significant independent predictors of illness. Further study of the association of Campylobacter illness with commercially prepared chicken and prior antibiotic use is needed. C1 Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Effler, P (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, 1250 Punchbowl St,4th Fl, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 15 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 7 BP 1152 EP 1155 DI 10.1086/319292 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 409CL UT WOS:000167366900026 PM 11237847 ER PT J AU Siqueira, MM Castro-Silva, R Cruz, C Oliveira, IC Cunha, GMC Mello, M Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Friedrich, F AF Siqueira, MM Castro-Silva, R Cruz, C Oliveira, IC Cunha, GMC Mello, M Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Friedrich, F TI Genomic characterization of wild-type measles viruses that circulated in different states in Brazil during the 1997 measles epidemic SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles; Brazil; epidemic; RT-PCR; nucleotide sequence; nucleoprotein ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ELIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY AB Despite the marked reduction in the incidence of measles in Brazil, a measles epidemic occurred in this country in 1997. The measles cases observed during this epidemic began to reappear in large numbers in Sao Paulo, and spread to Rio de Janeiro and other Brazilian states. In the present study molecular biology techniques were used for the detection and genomic characterization of measles viruses from clinical samples such as urine and nasopharyngeal secretions collected in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Parana, during the 1997 epidemic. RT-PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis of part of the carboxyl-terminal region of the nucleoprotein gene of measles viruses obtained directly from clinical samples or from infected cell cultures during this epidemic classified all as wild-type of genotype D6. As the genotype D6 was identified in different Brazilian states, this study demonstrated that this genotype was circulating in Brazil during the 1997 epidemic. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Virol, FIOCRUZ, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Bahia, Fac Med, Bahia Blanca, Argentina. Lab Cent Saude Publ, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Fdn Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Lab Cent Saude Publ, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Secretaria Estadual Saude, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Friedrich, F (reprint author), Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Virol, FIOCRUZ, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 4 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1002/1096-9071(200104)63:4<299::AID-JMV1005>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 406QX UT WOS:000167227600006 PM 11241461 ER PT J AU Dixon, LB Winkleby, MA Radimer, KL AF Dixon, LB Winkleby, MA Radimer, KL TI Dietary intakes and serum nutrients differ between adults from food-insufficient and food-sufficient families: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE biomarker; dietary intake; food insecurity; food insufficiency; hunger; NHANES III ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; UNITED-STATES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ENERGY-INTAKE; FATTY-ACIDS; HUNGER; CAROTENOIDS; INSECURITY; PLASMA; WOMEN AB Approximately 10.2 million persons in the United States sometimes or often do not have enough food to eat, a condition known as food insufficiency. Using cross-sectional data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), we examined whether dietary intakes and serum nutrients differed between adults from food-insufficient families (FIF) and adults from food-sufficient families (FSF). Results from analyses, stratified by age group and adjusted for family income and other important covariates, revealed several significant findings (P < 0.05). Compared with their food-sufficient counterparts, younger adults (aged 20-59 y) from FIF had lower intakes of calcium and were more likely to have calcium and vitamin E intakes below 50% of the recommended amounts on a given day. Younger adults from FIF also reported lower 1-mo frequency of consumption of milk/milk products, fruits/fruit juices and vegetables. In addition, younger adults from FIF had lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol, vitamin A and three carotenoids (-carotene, beta -cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin). Older adults (aged greater than or equal to 60 y) from FIF had lower intakes of energy, vitamin B-6, magnesium, iron and zinc and were more likely to have iron and zinc intakes below 50% of the recommended amount on a given day. Older adults from FIF also had lower serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin, vitamin A, beta -cryptoxanthin and vitamin E. Both younger and older adults from FIF were more likely to have very low serum albumin (<35 g/L) than were adults from FSF. Our findings show that adults from FIF have diets that may compromise their health. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Res Dis Prevent, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Dixon, LB (reprint author), NCI, Appl Res Program, 6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7344,EPN 4005, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 55 TC 119 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 131 IS 4 BP 1232 EP 1246 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 421TK UT WOS:000168079500021 PM 11285332 ER PT J AU Park, RM AF Park, RM TI Medical insurance claims and surveillance for occupational disease: Analysis of respiratory, cardiac, and cancer outcomes in auto industry tool grinding operations SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MACHINING-FLUID EXPOSURE; AUTOMOBILE-INDUSTRY; WORKERS-COMPENSATION; METALWORKING FLUIDS; MANUFACTURING PLANT; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA; MORTALITY RATIO; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CASE-REFERENT; ENGINE AB To evaluate medical insurance claims for chronic disease investigation, claims from eight automotive machining plants (1984 to 1993) were linked with work histories (1967 to 1993), and associations with respiratory, cardiac, and cancer conditions were investigated, in a case-control design analyzed with logistic regression. The primary focus was tool grinding, but other important processes examined were metal-working, welding, forging, heat treat, engine testing, and diverse-skilled trades work. Considerable variability in claim-derived incidence rates across plants was not explained by age or known exposure differences. Asthma incidence increased in tool grinding (at mean cumulative duration: odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 10.0), as did non-ischemic heart disease (cardiomyopathy, cor pulmonale, rheumatic heart disease, or hypertension; OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.6). These trends appeared in models with deficits (OR < 1.0) for those ever exposed to tool grinding because of exposure-response miss-specification, demographic confounding, or removal of high-risk workers from the exposed group. The apparent cancer rates identified from claims greatly exceeded the expected rates from a cancer registry, suggesting that diagnostic, "rule-out," and surveillance functions were contributing. This study supports the epidemiologic use of medical insurance records in surveillance and, possibly, etiologic investigation and identifies issues requiring special attention or resolution. C1 NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. United Auto Workers, Int Union, Hlth & Safety Dept, Detroit, MI USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 4 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1097/00043764-200104000-00008 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423AB UT WOS:000168151800007 PM 11322094 ER PT J AU Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ AF Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ TI Quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in mouse fecal specimens using immunomagnetic particles and two-color flow cytometry SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES; MICROSCOPY; OUTBREAK; GIARDIA; WATER; SERUM; PCR AB Although single-color flow cytometry has been shown to be more sensitive than fluorescence microscopy for the quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, this method has not been optimized. Monoclonal antibody OW50, specific to the cell wall of oocysts. was conjugated to superparamagnetic particles, to fluorescein isothiocyanate, and to r-phycoerythrin. The oocysts were then double stained with die fluorochrome-labeled OW50 and were placed in tubes with known numbers of highly fluorescent polystyrene beads, allowing quantification of the oocysts without dependence on acquired sample volume by flow cytometry. Data from 2-color flow cytometry using logical gating of the oocysts and beads showed a linear relationship between dilutions of a purified oocyst suspension and the mean numbers of oocysts detected (r(2) = 1.00). An average of 15 purified oocysts/ml were counted in a dilution with a theoretical concentration of 12 oocysts/ml. Known numbers of purified oocysts were seeded into normal mouse fecal specimens, captured by OW50-labeled immunomagnetic particles. eluted with 5% potassium dichromate lit low pH, and double stained with fluorochrome-labeled OW50. By flow cytometry, the mean recovery was 43.1% (+/-8.3%). and as few as 133 oocysts were detected. The captured and eluted oocysts were infective in neonatal BALB/c mice. This 2-color Bow cytometry method, used in conjunction with the capture and elution of oocysts by and from immunomagnetic particles. provides a powerful tool for not only the quantification and purification of C. parvum oocysts from different sources but also for the characterization of oocysts in vitro and in vivo. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Moss, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0406:QOCPOI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 423MC UT WOS:000168179200025 PM 11318573 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH AF Dietz, WH TI Overweight and precursors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Vollrath, Margarete/G-1297-2011 NR 10 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 138 IS 4 BP 453 EP 454 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.113635 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 423KL UT WOS:000168175400006 PM 11295702 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Galuska, DA Gillespie, C Will, JC Giles, WH Dietz, WH AF Ford, ES Galuska, DA Gillespie, C Will, JC Giles, WH Dietz, WH TI C-reactive protein and body mass index in children: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; FACTOR-ALPHA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INTERLEUKIN-6; DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; OVERWEIGHT AB Objectives: To examine the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and body mass index (BMI) in children, Study design: With the use of data from 5305 children aged 6 to 18 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994), a cross-sectional health survey, we examined whether CRP concentrations were elevated among overweight children. Results: Among children whose BMI was below the age- and sex-specific 15th percentile, 6.6% of boys and 10.7% of girls bad an elevated CRP concentration (>2.1 mg/L) compared with 24.2% of boys and 31.9% of girls whose BMI was greater than or equal to 95th percentile. After adjustment was done for age, ses, race or ethnicity, poverty, income ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, white blood cell count, and history of chronic bronchitis, the adjusted odds of having an elevated CRP concentration were 2.20 (95% CI 1.30, 3.75) for children with a BMI of 85th to <95th percentile and 4.92 (95% CI 3.39, 7.15) for children with a BMI of 95th percentile compared with children who had a BMI of 15th to <85th percentile. The associations did not differ signifcantly by age, sex, or race or ethnicity. Conclusions: In a large representative sample of US children, CRP concentration was significantly elevated among children with a BMI 85th percentile, thus confirming previous findings of this association in children and extending previous research in adults to children, Excess body weight may be associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 NR 26 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 138 IS 4 BP 486 EP 492 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.112898 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 423KL UT WOS:000168175400014 PM 11295710 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A Imperatore, G Narayan, KMV Engelgau, MM AF Fagot-Campagna, A Imperatore, G Narayan, KMV Engelgau, MM TI Diabetes mellitus: Type I or type 2? Reply SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fagot-Campagna, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 138 IS 4 BP 612 EP 613 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.112509 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 423KL UT WOS:000168175400047 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Wechsler, H Kann, L Collins, JL AF Lowry, R Wechsler, H Kann, L Collins, JL TI Recent trends in participation in physical education among US high school students SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; DISEASE AB To examine recent trends in physical education (PE) enrollment, daily attendance in PE, and being physically active in PE among high school students in the United States, this study analyzed data from the 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n=55,734. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test for significant linear time trends among the total student population and demographic subgroups (gender, race/ethnicity, and grade). Although PE enrollment in the total student population did not change from 1991 (48.9%) to 1997 (48.8%), the prevalence of students who attended PE enrollment in the the prevalence of students who were physically active > 20 minutes in an average PE class both decreased significantly among nearly all demographic subgroups. The prevalence of students who were physically active > 20 minutes in daily PE classes decreased from 34.2% in 1991 to 21.7% in 1997 (p <0.001). To reverse current trends, high schools should implement daily PE classes that emphasize participation in lifelong health-related physical activity for all students. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD APR PY 2001 VL 71 IS 4 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 428YD UT WOS:000168488500004 PM 11357870 ER PT J AU Fleischer, AB Feldman, SR Lupton, FA Holden, HR AF Fleischer, AB Feldman, SR Lupton, FA Holden, HR TI 1999 Special Olympics World Summer Games: Dermatologic health screening results SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Bristol Myers Squibb Ctr Dermatol Res, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fleischer, AB (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Bristol Myers Squibb Ctr Dermatol Res, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. OI Feldman, Steven/0000-0002-0090-6289 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 700 EP 703 DI 10.1067/mjd.2001.112459 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 416EU UT WOS:000167768000028 PM 11260553 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Sehgal, M Sleet, DA Barrett-Connor, E AF Dellinger, AM Sehgal, M Sleet, DA Barrett-Connor, E TI Driving cessation: What older former drivers tell us SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE driving cessation; older drivers; motor vehicle AB OBJECTIVES: To understand why older drivers living in a community setting stop driving. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study within a longitudinal cohort. SETTING: A geographically defined community in southern California. PARTICIPANTS: 1,950 respondents age 55 and older who reported ever being licensed drivers. MEASUREMENTS: A mailed survey instrument of self-reported driving habits linked to prior demographic, health, and medical information. RESULTS: Of the 1,950 eligible respondents, 141 had stopped driving within the previous 5 years. Among those who stopped, mean age was 85.5 years, 65.2% were female, and the majority reported they were in very good (43.4%) or good (34.0%) health. Nearly two-thirds reported driving less than 50 miles per week prior to stopping and 12.1% reported a motor vehicle crash during the previous 5 years. The most common reasons reported for stopping were medical (41.0%) and age-related (19.4%). In bivariate analyses, age and miles driven per week were each associated with cessation (P less than or equal to .001). Medical conditions, crashes in the previous 5 years, and gender did not reach statistical significance at the P less than or equal to .05 level. Logistic regression results found that the number of medical conditions was inversely associated with driving cessation. CONCLUSION: The relationship between medical conditions and driving is complex; while medical conditions were the most common reason given for driving cessation, those who stopped had fewer medical conditions than current drivers. This suggests that a broader measure of general health or functional ability may play a dominant role in decisions to stop driving. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 4 BP 431 EP 435 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49087.x PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 426CC UT WOS:000168331300012 PM 11347787 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH TI Fish consumption and hypertension incidence in African Americans and whites: The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hypertension; fatty acids; omega-3; fish oils ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; LIPOPROTEIN; MALES AB We sought to test the hypothesis that increased consumption of fish is associated with decreased incidence of essential hypertension. Data on fish consumption and incidence ol: hypertension from a national cohort of 5,394 blacks and whites normotensive at baseline and followed 10 years in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) were analyzed. Our results showed that whites aged 25-74 years had no significant association of fish consumption with incidence of hypertension. in black women, after adjusting For multiple risk factors, those who increased their fish intake from <1 time/week to greater than or equal to1 time/week had RR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.22-0.81, p = 0.009. However, those with high intake both times had adjusted RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.45-1.26, p = 0.28. No consistent significant associations of fish consumption with hypertension incidence were found, perhaps because Fish consumption in this population was low. Further studies are needed in blacks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Rm 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 93 IS 4 BP 124 EP 128 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 444CP UT WOS:000169381600003 PM 12653399 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Heneine, W AF Johnson, JA Heneine, W TI Characterization of endogenous avian leukosis viruses in chicken embryonic fibroblast substrates used in production of measles and mumps vaccines SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY; WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS; VIRAL GENE-EXPRESSION; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; SUBGROUP-E; RETROVIRUS; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; RECEPTOR AB Previous findings of low levels of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in chick cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines showed this activity to be associated with virus particles containing RNA of both subgroup E endogenous avian leukosis viruses (ALV-E) and endogenous avian viruses (EAV). These particles originate from chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) substrates used for propagating vaccine strains. To better characterize vaccine-associated ALV-E, we examined the endogenous ALV proviruses (ev loci) present in a White Leghorn CEF substrate pool by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Five ev loci were detected, ev-1, ev-3, ev-6, ev-18, and ev-19. Both ev-18 and ev-19 can express infectious ALV-E, while ev-1, ev-3, and ev-6 are defective. We analyzed the full-length sequence of ev-1 and identified an adenosine insertion within the pol RT-beta region at position 5026, which results in a truncated RT-beta and integrase. We defined the 1,692-bp deletion in the gag-pol region of ev-3, and we found that in ev-6, sequences from the 5' long terminal repeat to the 5' pol region were absent. Based on the sequences of the ev loci, RT-PCR assays were developed to examine expression of ALV-E particles (EV) in CEF supernatants. Both ev-1- and ev-3-like RNA sequences were identified, as well as two other RNA sequences with intact pol regions, presumably of ev-18 and ev-19 origin. Inoculation of susceptible quail fibroblasts with CEF culture supernatants from both 5-azacytidine-induced and noninduced CEF led to ALV infection, confirming the presence of infectious ALV-E. Our data demonstrate that both defective and nondefective ev loci can be present in CEF vaccine substrates and suggest that both ev classes may contribute to the ALV present in vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), CDC, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM WMH2@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 8 BP 3605 EP 3612 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.8.3605-3612.2001 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 414QN UT WOS:000167677800012 PM 11264350 ER PT J AU Krug, LT Inoue, N Pellett, PE AF Krug, LT Inoue, N Pellett, PE TI Sequence requirements for interaction of human herpesvirus 7 origin binding protein with the origin of lytic replication SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS ORIGIN; PHASE DNA-REPLICATION; VIRAL ORIGIN; 6B ORIGIN; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-7; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; ORIS; ORILYT; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION AB As do human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B (HHV-6A and -6B), HHV-7 encodes a homolog of the alphaherpesvirus origin binding protein (OBP), which binds at sites in the origin of lytic replication (oriLyt) to initiate DNA replication. In this study, we sought to characterize the interaction of the HHV-7 OBP (OBPH7) with its cognate sites in the 600-bp HHV-7 oriLyt. We expressed the carboxyl-terminal domain of OBPH7 and found that amino acids 484 to 787 of OBPH7 were sufficient for DNA binding activity by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. OBPH7 has one high-affinity binding site (OBP-2) located on one flank of an AT-rich spacer element and a low-affinity site (OBP-1) on the other. This is in contrast to the HHV-6B OBP (OBPH6B), which binds with similar affinity to its two cognate OBP sites in the HHV-6B oriLyt. The minimal recognition element of the OBP-2 site was mapped to a 14-bp sequence. The OBPH7 consensus recognition sequence of the 9-bp core, BRTYCWCCT (where B is a T, G, or C; R is a G or A; Y is a T or C; and W is a T or A), overlaps with the OBPH6B consensus YGWYCWCCY and establishes YCWCC as the roseolovirus OBP core recognition sequence. Heteroduplex analysis suggests that OBPH7 interacts along one face of the DNA helix, with the major groove, as do OBPH6B and herpes simplex virus type 1 OBP. Together, these results illustrate both conserved and divergent DNA binding properties between OBPH7 and OBPH6B. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Microbiol & Mol Genet Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Krug, Laurie/0000-0002-9648-522X NR 29 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 8 BP 3925 EP 3936 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.8.3925-3936.2001 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 414QN UT WOS:000167677800043 PM 11264381 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Mills, JN Sweeney, WP Choate, JR Sharp, DE Canestorp, KM Beaty, BJ AF Calisher, CH Mills, JN Sweeney, WP Choate, JR Sharp, DE Canestorp, KM Beaty, BJ TI Do unusual site-specific population dynamics of rodent reservoirs provide clues to the natural history of hantaviruses? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE El Moro Canyon virus; habitat; hantaviruses; Peromyscus maniculatus; Reithrodontomys megalotis; rodents; shortgrass prairie; Sin Nombre virus; virus ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN HANTAVIRUS; CREEK CANAL VIRUS; LONG-TERM; SIGMODON HISPIDUS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION AB Between January 1995 and November 1997, longitudinal mark-recapture studies of rodent hosts of hantaviruses in a disturbed microhabitat within a shortgrass prairie ecosystem in southeastern Colorado (USA) were conducted. The site was distinguished by edaphic and floristic characteristics unique to this area and associated with historical land rise patterns, as well as the year-around availability of water from a functioning windmill. Populations of two common rodent species that are hosts for hantaviruses, Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys megalotis, had unusually rapid turnover, a younger age structure, and a much lower prevalence of antibody to Sin Nombre virus than did populations at nearby sites in more typical shortgrass prairie and canyon habitats. Based on these findings, we suggest that a stable resident population of the reservoir is critical to the maintenance of hantaviruses at a given site, and we hypothesize that long-lived, persistently infected rodents are the principal transseasonal reservoir of hantaviruses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Arthroposborne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ft Hays State Univ, Sternberg Museum Nat Hist, Hays, KS 67601 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado Fish & Wildlife Assistance Off, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Arthroposborne & Infect Dis Lab, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU809862-03] NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 280 EP 288 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 421RP UT WOS:000168077600008 PM 11310878 ER PT J AU Suzan, G Ceballos, G Mills, J Ksiazek, TG Yates, T AF Suzan, G Ceballos, G Mills, J Ksiazek, TG Yates, T TI Serologic evidence of hantavirus infection in sigmodontine rodents in Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibodies; deer mouse; hantavirus; rodents; Peromyscus maniculatus; Sigmodontinae; Sin Nombre Virus AB Antibodies to hantaviruses in two species of sigmodontine rodents (Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomys symichrasti) collected in central Mexico are reported. Per omyscus maniculatus, a common species throughout much of Mexico, is the reservoir of Sin Nombre virus (SNV), the etiologic agent of the great majority of cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North America. Although the identity of the virus detected in P: maniculatus in Mexico could not be determined by these serologic results, our findings suggest that SNV may occur throughout the range of P. maniculatus in North America. If true, the failure to identify HPS in Mexico is not due to the absence of pathogenic hantaviruses in Mexico. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Suzan, G (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 391 EP 393 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 421RP UT WOS:000168077600026 PM 11310896 ER PT J AU McCarthy, M Hughes, J AF McCarthy, M Hughes, J TI James Hughes - Director of the National Center for Infectious Diseases SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR PY 2001 SU S BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 420GF UT WOS:000167996700015 ER PT J AU Wang, LF Harcourt, BH Yu, M Tamin, A Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Eaton, BT AF Wang, LF Harcourt, BH Yu, M Tamin, A Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Eaton, BT TI Molecular biology of Hendra and Nipah viruses SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Hendra virus; Nipah virus; gene sequence; gene organization; virus classification ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; MEASLES-VIRUS; FUSION PROTEIN; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; LEUCINE ZIPPER; MESSENGER-RNA; SENDAI VIRUS; C-PROTEINS; V-PROTEIN AB The structure and generic organization of Hendra and Nipah viruses places them in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. However, low homology with other subfamily members and several novel biological and molecular features such as genome length and F-0 cleavage site suggest classification in a new genus within the Paramyxovirinae. (C) 2001 Published by Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wang, LF (reprint author), CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Private Bag 24,5 Portarlington Rd, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. NR 45 TC 152 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 20 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 4 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01381-8 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422WY UT WOS:000168143300004 PM 11334745 ER PT J AU Daniels, P Ksiazek, T Eaton, BT AF Daniels, P Ksiazek, T Eaton, BT TI Laboratory diagnosis of Nipah and Hendra virus infections SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Hendra virus; Nipah virus; detection; diagnosis ID EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; PIG-FARMERS; GUINEA-PIGS; FRUIT BATS; HORSES; HUMANS; CATS; PARAMYXOVIRUS; TRANSMISSION AB Although Hendra and Nipah viruses emerged to cause novel zoonotic infections only recently, there now exists a strong but poorly documented diagnostic capability for both. This review gives an overview of the development of the tests, the tests currently recommended, their shortcomings and the perceived priorities for needed test improvements. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Daniels, P (reprint author), CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Private Bag 24,5 Portarlington Rd, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RI Daniels, Peter/H-1966-2013 NR 29 TC 99 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 17 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 4 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01382-X PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422WY UT WOS:000168143300005 PM 11334746 ER PT J AU Hyatt, AD Zaki, SR Goldsmith, CS Wise, TG Hengstberger, SG AF Hyatt, AD Zaki, SR Goldsmith, CS Wise, TG Hengstberger, SG TI Ultrastructure of Hendra virus and Nipah virus within cultured cells and host animals SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE mononegavirales; Paramyxoviridae; Paramyxovirinae; Hendra virus; Nipah virus; electron microscopy; ultrastructure; immunogold-labelling ID EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; INFECTED CELLS; HORSES; HUMANS; PNEUMONIA; OUTBREAK AB The ultrastructure of Hendra and Nipah viruses is described in cultured cells, pigs, horses and humans. Differences in ultrastructure between the viruses are evident within infected cell cultures and lungs from infected amplifier hosts. These differences are important in viral identification and differentiation and understanding the pathogenesis of disease. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis & Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hyatt, AD (reprint author), CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Private Bag 24,5 Portarlington Rd, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RI Crameri, Sandra/H-1887-2013; Wise, Terry/H-8968-2013 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 4 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01383-1 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422WY UT WOS:000168143300006 PM 11334747 ER PT J AU Field, H Young, P Yob, JM Mills, J Hall, L Mackenzie, J AF Field, H Young, P Yob, JM Mills, J Hall, L Mackenzie, J TI The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Hendra virus; Nipah virus; flying foxes; virus transmission; epidemiology ID EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; PTEROPUS-POLIOCEPHALUS; FRUIT BATS; HORSES; QUEENSLAND; HUMANS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSMISSION; PNEUMONIA; DISEASES AB Pteropid bats (flying foxes), species of which are the probable natural host of both Hendra and Nipah viruses, occur in overlapping populations from India to Australia. Ecological changes associated with land use and with animal husbandry practices appear most likely to be associated with the emergence of these two agents. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Anim Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4105, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Primary Ind, Queensland Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Vet Res Inst, Dept Vet Sci, Ipoh 31400, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Med Ecol, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Vet Anat & Pathol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasibol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Field, H (reprint author), Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Anim Res Inst, LMB 4, Brisbane, Qld 4105, Australia. NR 46 TC 181 Z9 197 U1 4 U2 60 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 4 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01384-3 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422WY UT WOS:000168143300007 PM 11334748 ER PT J AU Hooper, P Zaki, S Daniels, P Middleton, D AF Hooper, P Zaki, S Daniels, P Middleton, D TI Comparative pathology of the diseases caused hy Hendra and Nipah viruses SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE pathogenesis; transmissibility; pathology; vasotropism; neurotropism; Hendra virus; Nipah virus ID EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; GUINEA-PIGS; FRUIT BATS; HORSES; HUMANS; PARAMYXOVIRUS; INFECTION; LESIONS; CATS AB Information on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of Hendra and Nipah viruses was obtained by comparing their histopathology. Both viruses induced syncytial cells in vascular tissues and they were primarily vasotropic and/or neurotropic, generating interstitial pneumonia or encephalitis. Nipah virus in Digs was also epitheliotropic in respiratory epithelium and thus contagious. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Med Ecol, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Middleton, D (reprint author), CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, PO Bag 24,5 Portarlington Rd, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RI Daniels, Peter/H-1966-2013 NR 17 TC 117 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 8 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 4 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01385-5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 422WY UT WOS:000168143300008 PM 11334749 ER PT J AU El-Hage, N Babb, K Carroll, JA Lindstrom, N Fischer, ER Miller, JC Gilmore, RD Mbow, ML Stevenson, B AF El-Hage, N Babb, K Carroll, JA Lindstrom, N Fischer, ER Miller, JC Gilmore, RD Mbow, ML Stevenson, B TI Surface exposure and protease insensitivity of Borrelia burgdorferi Erp (OspEF-related) lipoproteins SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE spirochaete; immunofluourescence; Erp proteins; bacterial surface proteins; protease resistance; Lyme disease ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; 32-KILOBASE CIRCULAR PLASMIDS; UPSTREAM HOMOLOGY BOX; OUTER-MEMBRANE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IN-VIVO; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CONFORMATIONAL NATURE; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; MAMMALIAN HOST AB Borrelia burgdorferi can encode numerous lipoproteins of the Erp family. Although initially described as outer surface proteins, the technique used in that earlier study has since been demonstrated to disrupt bacterial membranes and allow labelling of subsurface proteins. Data are now presented from additional analyses indicating that Erp proteins are indeed surface exposed in the outer membrane. Surface localization of these infection-associated proteins indicates the potential for interactions of Erp proteins with vertebrate tissues, Some Erp proteins were resistant to in situ digestion by certain proteases, suggesting that those proteins fold in manners which hide protease cleavage sites, or that they interact with other protective membrane components. Additionally, cultivation of B. burgdorferi in the presence of antibodies directed against Erp proteins inhibited bacterial growth. C1 Univ Kentucky, Albert B Chandler Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Microscopy Branch, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stevenson, B (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Albert B Chandler Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, MS 415, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI44254] NR 68 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD APR PY 2001 VL 147 BP 821 EP 830 PN 4 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 422EF UT WOS:000168105000006 PM 11283278 ER PT J AU Stockmyer, C Kuester, S Ramsey, D Dietz, WH AF Stockmyer, C Kuester, S Ramsey, D Dietz, WH TI National Nutrition Summit, May 30, 2000: Results of the obesity discussion groups SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB On May 30th and 31st, 2000, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture held the National Nutrition Summit in Washington, DC. The Summit provided an opportunity to highlight accomplishments in the areas of food, nutrition, and health since the landmark 1969 White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health to identify continuing challenges and emerging opportunities for the nation in these areas; and to focus on nutrition and lifestyle issues across the life span, particularly those related to the nation's epidemic of overweight and obesity. The Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention set the agenda for the seven obesity-related discussion groups of the National Nutrition Summit. The groups discussed the influences on obesity related to the following: 1)community physical activity environments, 2) community food environment, 3) family, 4) school, 5) worksite, 6) healthcare system, and 7) media. The discussion groups were open to all who wished to attend, Discussants were asked to identify actionable priorities and, for each priority, to capture relevant ideas, considerations, barriers and possible collaborators. The six overarching themes that emerged from the obesity discussion groups (not in priority order) were as follows: 1) Supportive environments to promote and practice healthy behaviors are needed, 2) Interventions should use multichannel and culturally relevant approaches to target high-risk groups such as inactive children and youth who have high exposure to the top of the Food Guide Pyramid. 3) Prevention and treatment of obesity must become a healthcare priority if the obesity epidemic is to be reversed. 4) Additional research is needed in the areas of behavioral change, cost-effectiveness of interventions, and identification of exemplary practices and programs to change population behaviors, 5) Better federal agency coordination is needed along with more partnerships of public and private interests at the federal, state, and local levels. 6) National campaigns are needed that target specific behavioral change. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stockmyer, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 470 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 9 IS 4 BP 41S EP 52S DI 10.1038/oby.2001.34 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 429BR UT WOS:000168496600008 PM 11393160 ER PT J AU MacKay, AP Berg, CJ Atrash, HK AF MacKay, AP Berg, CJ Atrash, HK TI Pregnancy-related mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; COMPLICATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HYPERTENSION; PROGNOSIS AB Objective: To examine the role of preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnancy-related mortality. Methods: We used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System to examine pregnancy-related deaths from preeclampsia and eclampsia from 1979 to 1992. The pregnancy-related mortality ratio for preeclampsia-eclampsia was defined as the number of deaths from preeclampsia and eclampsia per 100,000 live births. Case-fatality rates for 1988-1992 were calculated for preeclampsia and eclampsia deaths per 10,000 cases during the delivery hospitalization, using the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Results: Of 4024 pregnancy-related deaths at 20 weeks' or more gestation in 1979-1992, 790 were due to preeclampsia or eclampsia (1.5 deaths/100,000 live births). Mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia increased with increasing maternal age. The highest risk of death was at gestational age 20-28 weeks and after the first live birth. Black women were 3.1 times more likely to die from preeclampsia or eclampsia as white women. Women who had received no prenatal care had a higher risk of death from preeclampsia or eclampsia than women who had received any level of prenatal care. The overall preeclampsia-eclampsia case-fatality rate was 6.4 per 10,000 cases at delivery, and was twice as high for black women as for white women. Conclusion: The continuing racial disparity in mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia emphasizes the need to identify those differences that contribute to excess mortality among black women, and to develop specific interventions to reduce mortality from preeclampsia and eclampsia among all women. (C) 2001 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP MacKay, AP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcres Rd,Room 790, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 21 TC 279 Z9 294 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 97 IS 4 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01223-0 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 416ZP UT WOS:000167810800011 PM 11275024 ER PT J AU Dilley, A Drews, C Miller, C Lally, C Austin, H Ramaswamy, D Lurye, D Evatt, B AF Dilley, A Drews, C Miller, C Lally, C Austin, H Ramaswamy, D Lurye, D Evatt, B TI von Willebrand disease and other inherited bleeding disorders in women with diagnosed menorrhagia SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULATION DISORDERS; AGE; PREVALENCE; RACE; RISK AB Objective: To estimate the prevalence of von Willebrand disease and other bleeding disorders in women with and without diagnosed menorrhagia. Methods: Women with menorrhagia were identified among members of a health maintenance organization in the southeastern United States through a computer search for appropriate international Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. A random sample of members with no such code was selected as controls. The study included 121 women with menorrhagia and 123 controls. Subjects were interviewed in person, and blood was drawn for coagulation testing. Laboratory results for menorrhagia patients were compared with those in controls using race and blood type specific ranges developed from the control group. A test was considered abnormal if it exceeded two standard deviations below the control mean. Results: Bleeding disorders (von Willebrand disease, factor deficiency, or a platelet abnormality) were diagnosed in 10.7% of menorrhagia patients and 3.2% of controls (P = .02). von Willebrand disease was present in eight menorrhagia patients (6.6%) and in one control (0.8%) (P = .02); separate analyses by race revealed a von Willebrand disease prevalence of 15.9% among white and 1.4% among black menorrhagia patients (P = .01). Women with bleeding disorders did not differ significantly from controls in other symptoms of bleeding. Conclusion: The prevalence of inherited bleeding disorders among white women with menorrhagia was substantial, consistent with European data published recently. For unknown reasons, the prevalence of von Willebrand disease was lower among black women. These findings indicate the importance of considering inherited bleeding disorders as a cause of menorrhagia. (C) 2001 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Meridian Med Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Dilley, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 26 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 97 IS 4 BP 630 EP 636 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01224-2 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 416ZP UT WOS:000167810800028 PM 11275041 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Wenzl, TB AF Schubauer-Berigan, MK Wenzl, TB TI Leukemia mortality among radiation-exposed workers SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-NUCLEAR-FUELS; EXTERNAL IONIZING-RADIATION; LOW-MAGNITUDE ASSOCIATIONS; ATOMIC-ENERGY-AUTHORITY; CANCER MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; SELLAFIELD PLANT; UNITED-KINGDOM; OAK-RIDGE; ANKYLOSING-SPONDYLITIS C1 NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, MK (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 89 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED-STATE ART JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 2 BP 271 EP 287 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 421TZ UT WOS:000168080800006 PM 11319052 ER PT J AU Sawaya, GF Kerlikowske, K Gildengorin, G Washington, AE AF Sawaya, GF Kerlikowske, K Gildengorin, G Washington, AE TI Incidence of Pap test abnormalities within 3 years of a normal Pap test - United States, 1991-1998 SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sawaya, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD APR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 407 EP + PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 426DF UT WOS:000168334000005 ER PT J AU Molineaux, L Diebner, HH Eichner, M Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Dietz, K AF Molineaux, L Diebner, HH Eichner, M Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Dietz, K TI Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia described by a new mathematical model SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; mathematical model; malaria therapy; PfEMP1 ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; CEREBRAL MALARIA; INFECTION AB A new mathematical model of Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasitaemia is formulated and fitted to 35 malaria therapy cases making a spontaneous recovery after primary inoculation. Observed and simulated case-histories are compared with respect to 9 descriptive statistics. The simulated courses of parasitaemia are more realistic than any previously published. The model uses a discrete time-step of 2 days. Its realistic behaviour was achieved by the following combination of features (i) intra-clonal antigenic variation, (ii) large variations of the variants' baseline growth rate, depending on both variant and case, (iii) innate autoregulation of the asexual parasite density, variable among cases, (iv) acquired variant-specific immunity and (v) acquired variant-transcending immunity, variable among cases. Aspects of the model's internal behaviour, concerning variant dynamics, as well as the respective contributions of the three control mechanisms (iii) - (v), are displayed. Some implications for pathogenesis and control are discussed. C1 Univ Tubingen, Dept Med Biometry, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Art & Media, D-76135 Karlsruhe, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietz, K (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Med Biometry, Westbahnhofstr 55, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. EM klaus.dietz@uni-tuebingen.de RI Dietz, Klaus/R-9268-2016 OI Dietz, Klaus/0000-0001-8503-9737 NR 24 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD APR PY 2001 VL 122 BP 379 EP 391 DI 10.1017/S0031182001007533 PN 4 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 422AW UT WOS:000168096600001 PM 11315171 ER PT J AU Daniel, M Rowley, KG Herbert, CP O'Dea, K Green, LW AF Daniel, M Rowley, KG Herbert, CP O'Dea, K Green, LW TI Lipids and psychosocial status in aboriginal persons with and at risk for Type 2 diabetes: implications for tertiary prevention SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Indians; North American; prevention; tertiary ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; HEART-DISEASE; DEPRESSION; STRESS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; MELLITUS; HEMOGLOBIN; BEHAVIOR; INDIANS; HEALTH AB This study assessed psychosocial correlates of dyslipidemia, towards enabling improved tertiary prevention of macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). We tested the hypothesis that psychosocial measures are related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride concentrations in a rural aboriginal population in British Columbia, Canada. Persons sampled were on-reserve registered Indians (n = 198) with and at risk for Type 2 DM. Relationships between HDL-C and psychosocial variables were associated with glycemic status. For persons with diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (n = 44), quality of life and mastery were positively related (P < 0.001), and depression inversely related (P < 0.001), to HDL-C. An apparent lack of effect of behavior suggests the influence of emotional pathways involving autonomic-neuroendocrine axes. We recommend assessing mental health, and promoting mastery and diabetes quality of life through empowerment oriented diabetes management strategies, in negotiating culturally acceptable treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia for aboriginal people. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Western Ontario, Fac Med & Dent, London, ON, Canada. Royal Darwin Hosp, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Daniel, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, CB 7400,Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Daniel, Mark/A-1151-2009; O'Dea, Kerin/B-6916-2009 NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD APR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0738-3991(00)00153-1 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 430MT UT WOS:000168578200010 PM 11311842 ER PT J AU Kramarz, P France, EK Destefano, F Black, SB Shinefield, H Ward, JI Chang, EJ Chen, RT Shatin, D Hill, J Lieu, T Ogren, JM AF Kramarz, P France, EK Destefano, F Black, SB Shinefield, H Ward, JI Chang, EJ Chen, RT Shatin, D Hill, J Lieu, T Ogren, JM TI Population-based study of rotavirus vaccination and intussusception SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus vaccine; intussusception; epidemiology; adverse events; immunization ID HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; SAFETY DATALINK; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; INFANTS; CHILDHOOD; EFFICACY AB Background. During the first year that the rhesus rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (RRV-TV) was licensed, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System received several reports of intussusception after vaccination. To evaluate the risk of intussusception, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in ten managed care organizations. Methods. Cases of intussusception were identified by searching electronic databases for diagnoses of intussusception (ICD-9 Code 560.0) in infants 1 to 11 months of age and confirmed by medical chart review. Vaccination and enrollment data were obtained from administrative databases. Incidence rate ratios (RR) of intussusception were computed by dividing incidence rates in prespecified risk intervals after vaccination by the background rate of intussusception and adjusted for age by Poisson regression. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate risk by vaccine dose. Results. Of 463 277 children 56 253 had been vaccinated with a total of 91 371 doses of RRV-TV. The incidence rate of intussusception was 25/100 000 person years among unexposed infants and 340/100 000 person years 3 to 7 days postvaccination. In the interval 3 to 7 days after vaccination, the age adjusted RR was 16.0 (95% confidence interval, 5.5 to 46.7) for all doses combined and 30.4 (95% confidence interval, 8.8 to 104.9) after the first dose. RRs for the 8- to 14- and 15- to 21-day risk intervals were >1.0, but the confidence intervals substantially overlapped 1.0. The attributable risk was one case of intussusception per 11 073 children vaccinated. Conclusions. RRV-TV is associated with an increased risk of intussusception. The risk is great est 3 to 7 days after the first vaccination dose. C1 Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO 80231 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA USA. UnitedHlth Grp, Ctr Hlth Care Policy & Evaluat, Minneapolis, MN USA. Aetna US Healthcare Inc, Blue Bell, PA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Hlth Alliance Plan, Detroit, MI USA. Tufts Hlth Plan, Waltham, MA USA. Medica Hlth Plans, Minneapolis, MN USA. Fallon Healthcare Syst, Meyers Primary Care Inst, Worcester, MA USA. BlueCross BlueShield BluePlus Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. RP France, EK (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 10400 E Alameda Ave, Denver, CO 80231 USA. NR 33 TC 119 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1097/00006454-200104000-00008 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 421HJ UT WOS:000168058700007 PM 11332666 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Lieu, TA Mell, LK Capra, AM Zavitkovsky, A Quesenberry, CP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Thompson, RS Rodewald, LE AF Davis, RL Lieu, TA Mell, LK Capra, AM Zavitkovsky, A Quesenberry, CP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Thompson, RS Rodewald, LE TI Impact of the change in polio vaccination schedule on immunization coverage rates: A study in two large health maintenance organizations SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE polio; poliomyelitis; vaccination; immunization coverage ID UNITED-STATES; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Objective. In January 1997, one of the most significant changes to United States vaccine policy occurred when polio immunization guidelines changed to recommend a schedule containing inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). There were concerns that parent or physician reluctance to accept IPV into the routine childhood immunization schedule would lead to lowered coverage. We determined whether adoption of an IPV schedule had a negative impact on immunization coverage. Design. A cohort study of 2 large health maintenance organizations (HMOs), Group Health Cooperative and Kaiser Permanente Northern California, was conducted. For analysis at 12 months of age, children who were born between October 1, 1996, and December 31, 1997, and were commercially insured and covered by Medicaid were continuously enrolled; for analysis at 24 months of age, children who were born between October 1, 1996, and June 30, 1997, and were commercially insured and covered by Medicaid were continuously enrolled. The 3 measures of immunization status at 12 and 24 months of age were up-to-date status, cumulative time spent up-to-date, and the number of missed opportunity visits. Results. At both HMOs, children who received IPV were as likely to be up to date at 12 months as were children who received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), whereas at Group Health, children who received IPV were slightly more likely to be up to date at 24 months (relative risk: 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.19). These findings were consistent for children who were covered by Medicaid. At Kaiser Permanente, children who received IPV spent;3 fewer days up to date in the first year of life, but this difference did not persist at 2 years of age. At Group Health, children who received IPV were no different from those who received OPV in terms of days spent up to date by 1 or 2 years of age. At Group Health, children who received IPV were less likely to have a missed opportunity by 12 months old (odds ratio [OR] 0.46; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.70), but this finding did not persist at 24 months of age. At Kaiser Permanente, children who received IPV were more likely to have a missed opportunity by 12 months (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.84, 2.30), and 24 months of age (OR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.67). Conclusions. The changeover from an all-OPV schedule to one containing IPV had little if any negative impact on vaccine coverage. Use of IPV was associated with a small increase in the likelihood of being up to date at 2 years of age at one of the HMOs and conversely was associated with a small increase in the likelihood of having a missed-opportunity visit in the other HMO. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Immunizat Studies Program, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Immunizat Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Immunizat Studies Program, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. OI Mell, Loren/0000-0003-2277-6080 FU PHS HHS [R95-074] NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2001 VL 107 IS 4 BP 671 EP 676 DI 10.1542/peds.107.4.671 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 422KC UT WOS:000168116200032 PM 11335742 ER PT J AU Sherry, B Mei, ZG Yip, R AF Sherry, B Mei, ZG Yip, R TI Continuation of the decline in prevalence of anemia in low-income infants and children in five states SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE anemia; low-income children; breast feeding; iron-fortified formula; iron-fortified cereal ID IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; SUPPLEMENTAL IRON; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN MILK; FORMULAS; ABSORPTION; PREVENTION; CHILDHOOD; CEREAL AB Objective. To examine whether there is a continuation of the decline in prevalence of anemia among low-income infants and children 6.0 to 59.9 months old from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. Study Design. Cross-sectional trend analysis of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System from the 5 states (Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Vermont) that have been using the same laboratory method for anemia screening since 1984 or earlier. Results. The overall prevalence of anemia decreased substantially in each state from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s as follows: Colorado by 52%; New Mexico by 75%; Oklahoma by 67%; Utah by 57%; and Vermont by 48%. In each state, the prevalence of anemia declined for children of different age groups, birth weights, genders, type of pediatric care visit (screening or follow-up), and most race/ethnic groups. Conclusions. The decline in the prevalence of anemia initially observed in the 1980s continued well into the 1990s. This decline is likely attributable to better iron nutrition related to greater usage of iron-fortified products and possibly better iron bioavailability in some of the food products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. UNICEF Beijing, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sherry, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2001 VL 107 IS 4 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1542/peds.107.4.677 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 422KC UT WOS:000168116200033 PM 11335743 ER PT J AU Lieu, TA Davis, RL Capra, AM Mell, LK Quesenberry, CP Martin, KE Zavitkovsky, A Black, SB Shinefield, HR Thompson, RS Rodewald, LE AF Lieu, TA Davis, RL Capra, AM Mell, LK Quesenberry, CP Martin, KE Zavitkovsky, A Black, SB Shinefield, HR Thompson, RS Rodewald, LE TI Variation in clinician recommendations for multiple injections during adoption of inactivated polio vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immunizations; vaccines; provider practices; practice variation; inactivated polio vaccine ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNITED-STATES; RATES; PEDIATRICIANS; CHILDREN; IMPACT; CARE AB Objectives. To describe variation in clinician recommendations for multiple injections during the adoption of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in 2 large health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and to test the hypothesis that variation in recommendations would be associated with variation in immunization coverage rates. Design. Cross-sectional study based on a survey of clinician practices 1 year after IPV was recommended and computerized immunization data from these clinicians' patients. Study Settings. Two large West Coast HMOs: Kaiser Permanente in Northern California and Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound. Outcome Measures. Immunization status of 8-month-olds and 24-month-olds cared for by the clinicians during the study. Results. More clinicians at Group Health (82%), where a central guideline was issued, had adopted the IPV/oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) sequential schedule than at Kaiser (65%), where no central guideline was issued. Clinicians at both HMOs said that if multiple injections fell due at a visit and they elected to defer some vaccines, they would be most likely to defer the hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) for infants (40%). At Kaiser, IPV users were more likely than OPV users to recommend the first HBV at birth (64% vs 28%) or if they did not, to defer the third HBV to 8 months or later (62% vs 39%). In multivariate analyses, patients whose clinicians used IPV were as likely to be fully immunized at 8 months old as those whose clinicians used all OPV. At Kaiser, where there was variability in the maximum number of injections clinicians recommended at infant visits, providers who routinely recommended 3 or 4 injections at a visit had similar immunization coverage rates as those who recommended 1 or 2. At both HMOs, clinicians who strongly recommended all possible injections at a visit had higher immunization coverage rates at 8 months than those who offered parents the choice of deferring some vaccines to a subsequent visit (at Kaiser, odds ratio [OR]: 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-1.5; at Group Health, OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-2.8). Conclusions. Neither IPV adoption nor the use of multiple injections at infant visits were associated with reductions in immunization coverage. However, at the HMO without centralized immunization guidelines, IPV adoption was associated with changes in the timing of the first and third HBV. Clinical policymakers should continue to monitor practice variation as future vaccines are added to the infant immunization schedule. C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Childrens Hosp, Pediat Clin Effectiveness Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lieu, TA (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 126 Brookline Ave,Suite 200, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2001 VL 107 IS 4 AR e49 DI 10.1542/peds.107.4.e49 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 422KC UT WOS:000168116200006 PM 11335770 ER PT J AU Tomashek, KM Nesby, S Scanlon, KS Cogswell, ME Powell, KE Parashar, UD Mellinger-Birdsong, A Grummer-Shrawn, LM Dietz, WH AF Tomashek, KM Nesby, S Scanlon, KS Cogswell, ME Powell, KE Parashar, UD Mellinger-Birdsong, A Grummer-Shrawn, LM Dietz, WH TI Nutritional rickets in Georgia SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE rickets; vitamin D; breastfeeding; undernutrition; weaning practices; vitamin D-deficient rickets ID VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; BREAST-FED INFANTS; D METABOLISM; HUMAN-MILK; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D CONCENTRATIONS; CUTANEOUS SYNTHESIS; SKIN PIGMENT; D DEFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PREVITAMIN-D3 AB Opinions expressed in commentaries are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the American Academy of Pediatrics or its Committees. Commentaries are not peer-reviewed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prenancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Epidemiol Branch, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tomashek, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prenancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2001 VL 107 IS 4 AR e45 DI 10.1542/peds.107.4.e45 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 422KC UT WOS:000168116200002 PM 11335766 ER PT J AU Anderson, V Carneiro, M Bulterys, M Douglas, G Polliotti, B Slikker, W AF Anderson, V Carneiro, M Bulterys, M Douglas, G Polliotti, B Slikker, W TI Perinatal infections: HIV and co-infections in the placenta and therapeutic interventions - A workshop report SO PLACENTA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; EXPOSURE; MOTHER; ZIDOVUDINE C1 SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Maternidad Concepc Palacios, Miami, FL 33102 USA. CDC, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Anderson, V (reprint author), SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0143-4004 J9 PLACENTA JI Placenta PD APR PY 2001 VL 22 SU A BP S34 EP S37 DI 10.1053/plac.2001.0641 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 430YK UT WOS:000168602900008 PM 11312626 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M AF Bulterys, M TI Preventing vertical HIV transmission in the year 2000: Progress and prospects - A review SO PLACENTA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RISK-FACTORS; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; CLINICAL-TRIAL AB In the USA, progress in the ability to eliminate vertical HIV-1 transmission that was unthinkable just a fen gears ago has been virtually achieved with fever than 200 new cases of infant HIV infection reported in 1999. Nevertheless, critical research questions as well as public health challenges remain. New infant HIV infections continue to occur among women who did not obtain prenatal care or who were not offered HIV testing during pregnancy and innovative approaches are needed to address these barriers. The CDC-funded Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention At Delivery (MIRIAD) Study in five US metropolitan areas is one such approach that will test the feasibility of offering rapid testing to women presenting late in pregnancy or at delivery with undocumented HIV status. In addition, further research addressing the role of the placenta in pre renting or enhancing in utero HIV transmission is needed. Internationally, new clinical trial findings provide hope that a short course of antiretrovirals can substantially reduce vertical HIV-1 transmission in resource-poor settings in the developing world where most paediatric HIV infections occur. Future research will focus on the role of post-perinatal exposure prophylaxis with antiretrovirals administered to the infant and on the prevention of postnatal transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk while maintaining adequate nutrition. A major challenge is to translate trial results into a coordinated public health implementation plan in order to maximally reduce mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission worldwide. C1 CDCP, Mother Child Transmiss & Pediat & Adolescent Stud, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), CDCP, Mother Child Transmiss & Pediat & Adolescent Stud, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0143-4004 J9 PLACENTA JI Placenta PD APR PY 2001 VL 22 SU A BP S5 EP S12 DI 10.1053/plac.2001.0671 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 430YK UT WOS:000168602900003 PM 11312621 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Whitney, E Raghunathan, P Cosivi, O AF Ashford, DA Whitney, E Raghunathan, P Cosivi, O TI Epidemiology of selected mycobacteria that infect humans and other animals SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Review DE diagnosis; epidemiology; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium leprae; Mycobacterium ulcerans; public health; zoonoses ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AVIUM COMPLEX BACTEREMIA; ULCERANS INFECTION; BURULI ULCER; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; AIDS PATIENTS; LEPROSY; INTRACELLULARE AB This paper provides a summary of salient clinical and epidemiological features of selected mycobacterial diseases that are common to humans and other animals. Clinical and diagnostic issues are discussed and related to estimates of the incidence and prevalence of these diseases among humans. Source of infection, route of transmission and control measures are also presented. The mycobacteria discussed in this paper are Mycobacterium bovis, M. ulcerans, M. leprae and M. avium complex, although this is by no means a complete list of the mycobacteria common to humans and other animals. Certain generalities can be made regarding these species of mycobacteria and their occurrence in humans and other animals; firstly, current understanding of the epidemiology and control of many of the resultant diseases is incomplete; secondly, environmental sources other than animal reservoirs may play a role in transmission (with M. leprae perhaps being the exception); and thirdly, the incidence and prevalence of these diseases in many countries of the world are unclear, principally because of the complexity of diagnosis and lack of reporting systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Anim & Food Related Publ Hlth Risks, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, MS-C09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 156 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 325 EP 337 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 415FX UT WOS:000167711200017 PM 11288519 ER PT J AU Ratelle, S Yokoe, D Whelan, M Tang, Y Platt, R Blair, R Tao, G Irwin, K AF Ratelle, S Yokoe, D Whelan, M Tang, Y Platt, R Blair, R Tao, G Irwin, K TI Management of urethritis in health maintenance organization members receiving care at a multispecialty group practice in Massachusetts SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; MEN; ERA AB Background: Cost containment has led to a concern that health maintenance organization-insured patients presenting with complaints of urethritis may be treated without being tested. Goal: To determine the proportion of men presenting with symptoms of urethritis who are tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Study Design: Reviews were performed on 196 randomly selected patient records with an outpatient visit and a diagnostic code consistent with urethritis between 1995 and 1997. Data were collected on demographics, diagnostic testing, and treatment. Results: Diagnostic testing for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae was performed, respectively, in 92.3% and 83.2% of the men presenting at an initial visit with complaints of urethritis. Altogether, 98.2% of the patients who met the Centers for Disease Control criteria for documenting urethritis were tested for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae. Conclusion: Diagnostic testing for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae is nearly universal in this multispecialty group practice setting, facilitating surveillance and public health efforts. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, State Lab Inst, Div STD Prevent, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ratelle, S (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, State Lab Inst, Div STD Prevent, 305 South St, Boston, MA 02130 USA. FU PHS HHS [R30/CCR114902-01] NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 232 EP 235 DI 10.1097/00007435-200104000-00008 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 418GY UT WOS:000167883600008 PM 11318255 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC El-Jamil, M Dilley, A Philipp, C Ellingsen, D Phillips, D Evatt, BL AF Hooper, WC El-Jamil, M Dilley, A Philipp, C Ellingsen, D Phillips, D Evatt, BL TI The relationship between the tissue plasminogen activator Alu I/D polymorphism and venous thromboembolism during pregnancy SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID V-LEIDEN MUTATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FIBRINOLYSIS CHANGES; PLASMA-LEVELS; RISK; COAGULATION; INHIBITORS; PARAMETERS; PREVALENCE; THROMBOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, MS D02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 102 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(01)00220-1 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 421RM UT WOS:000168077400004 PM 11323012 ER PT J AU Faroon, OM Keith, S Jones, D De Rosa, C AF Faroon, OM Keith, S Jones, D De Rosa, C TI Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on development and reproduction SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE congener; contaminated fish; development; fertility; growth; lactation (or breast milk); mixtures; PCBs; reproduction ID MINK MUSTELA-VISON; RHESUS MACACA-MULATTA; CONTAMINATED SPORT FISH; PERINATAL PCB EXPOSURE; ACETYLTRANSFERASE CHAT ACTIVITY; THYROID-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; EARLY POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; 90-DAY DIETARY EXPOSURE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; LAKE ONTARIO FISH AB As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article, which constitutes the release of an important section of the Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (ATSDR 2000) into the scientific literature, focuses on the developmental and reproductive effects of this group of synthetic organic chemicals (PCBs) in humans and animals. Information on other health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure. and regulations and advisories is detailed in the profile. Interested readers are encouraged to consult the original toxicological profile for more information. Profiles can be requested from ATSDR's Information Center by telephone (1-888-42-ATSDR [1-888-422-8737] or E-mail: (atsdric@cdc.gov). C1 US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Faroon, OM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 126 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 23 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD APR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 63 EP 93 DI 10.1191/0748233701th097oa PG 31 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 570CD UT WOS:000176639800001 PM 12117298 ER PT J AU Kachur, SP Abdulla, S Barnes, K Mshinda, H Durrheim, D Kitua, A Bloland, P AF Kachur, SP Abdulla, S Barnes, K Mshinda, H Durrheim, D Kitua, A Bloland, P TI Untitled SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID MALARIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. Univ Cape Town, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Kachur, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD APR PY 2001 VL 6 IS 4 BP 324 EP 325 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.0719a.x PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 436XD UT WOS:000168960400012 PM 11348524 ER PT J AU Fasano, N Blostein, J Saari, TN Hurie, MB Davis, JP Dooley, S Rhoades, ED Blose, D Gillette, H Canavan, B AF Fasano, N Blostein, J Saari, TN Hurie, MB Davis, JP Dooley, S Rhoades, ED Blose, D Gillette, H Canavan, B CA CDC TI Impact of the 1999 AAP/USPHS joint statement on thimerosal in vaccines on infant hepatitis B vaccination practices (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 94-97, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Div Immunizat, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Oregon Dept Human Svcs, Hlth Div, Immunizat Program, Salem, OR USA. CDC, Hlth Svcs, Res & Evaluat Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Program Operat Br, Div Immunizat Svcs, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Hepatitis Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fasano, N (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 12 BP 1568 EP 1570 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 413HH UT WOS:000167606600009 ER PT J AU Reese, S Owen, P Bender, B Potts, G Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Hoecherl, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Davila, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Pullen, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Simmons, KW King, F Pearson, K Futa, M AF Reese, S Owen, P Bender, B Potts, G Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Hoecherl, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Davila, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Powers, L Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Pullen, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Carswell, K Simmons, KW King, F Pearson, K Futa, M CA CDC TI Trends in screening for colorectal cancer - United States, 1997 and 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 162-166, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Hlth Svcs Res Br, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reese, S (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Hlth Svcs Res Br, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 12 BP 1570 EP 1571 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 413HH UT WOS:000167606600010 ER PT J AU McNeil, JM Binette, J AF McNeil, JM Binette, J CA CDC TI Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults - United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 120-125, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US Bur Census, Econ & Stat Adm, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20233 USA. CDC, Disabil & Hlth Br, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Br, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, JM (reprint author), US Bur Census, Econ & Stat Adm, US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 1 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 12 BP 1571 EP 1572 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 413HH UT WOS:000167606600011 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Chen, RT Salmon, DA Hoffman, RE AF Feikin, DR Chen, RT Salmon, DA Hoffman, RE TI Public health risks of not vaccinating children - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 12 BP 1574 EP 1574 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 413HH UT WOS:000167606600014 ER PT J AU Gibbons, RV Rupprecht, CE AF Gibbons, RV Rupprecht, CE TI Postexposure rabies prophylaxis in immunosuppressed patients SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gibbons, RV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 12 BP 1574 EP 1575 DI 10.1001/jama.285.12.1574 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 413HH UT WOS:000167606600015 PM 11268256 ER PT J AU Newman, RD Parise, M Nahlen, B AF Newman, RD Parise, M Nahlen, B TI Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and risk of birth defects. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; MALARIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 22 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 12 BP 934 EP 934 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 412PN UT WOS:000167563700015 PM 11263427 ER PT J CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention TI International course in applied epidemiology (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 148, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 21 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 11 BP 1436 EP 1436 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410VQ UT WOS:000167462100010 ER PT J CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention TI Risk for meningococcal disease associated with the Hajj 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 97, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control Prevention (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 21 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 11 BP 1438 EP 1438 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410VQ UT WOS:000167462100012 ER PT J AU Ickovics, JR Hamburger, ME Vlahov, D Schoenbaum, EE Schuman, P Boland, RJ Moore, J AF Ickovics, JR Hamburger, ME Vlahov, D Schoenbaum, EE Schuman, P Boland, RJ Moore, J CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Mortality, CD4 cell count decline, and depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive women - Longitudinal analysis from the HIV epidemiology research study SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; MAJOR DEPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; INFECTED MEN; ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SERVICES UTILIZATION AB Context The impact of depression on morbidity and mortality among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been examined despite the fact that women with HIV have substantially higher rates of depression than their male counterparts. Objective To determine the association of depressive symptoms with HIV-related mortality and decline in CD4 lymphocyte counts among women with HIV. Design The HIV Epidemiologic Research Study, a prospective, longitudinal cohort study conducted from April 1993 through January 1995, with follow-up through March 2000. Setting Four academic medical centers in Baltimore, Md; Bronx, NY; Providence, RI; and Detroit, Mich. Participants A total of 765 HIV-seropositive women aged 16 to 55 years. Main Outcome Measures HIV-related mortality and CD4 cell count slope decline over a maximum of 7 years, compared among women with limited or no depressive symptoms, intermittent depressive symptoms, or chronic depressive symptoms, as measured using the self-report Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results In multivariate analyses controlling for clinical, treatment, and other factors, women with chronic depressive symptoms were 2 times more likely to die than women with limited or no depressive symptoms (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-3,8). Among women with CD4 cell counts of less than 200 x 10(6)/L, HIV-related mortality rates were 54% for those with chronic depressive symptoms (RR, 4.3; 95 % CI, 1.6-11.6) and 48% for those with intermittent depressive symptoms (RR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-10.5) compared with 21% for those with limited or no depressive symptoms. Chronic depressive symptoms were also associated with significantly greater decline in CD4 cell counts after controlling for other variables in the model, especially among women with baseline CD4 cell counts of less than 500 x 10(6)/L and baseline viral load greater than 10000 copies/mul. Conclusions Our results indicate that depressive symptoms among women with HIV are associated with HIV disease progression, controlling for clinical, substance use, and sociodemographic characteristics. These results highlight the importance of adequate diagnosis and treatment of depression among women with HIV, Further research is needed to determine if treatment of depression can not only enhance the mental health of women with HIV but also impede disease progression and mortality. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Ickovics, JR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, POB 208034,60 Coll St,Suite 415, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU CSP VA [U64/CU200714, U64/CU106795, U64/CU306802, U64/CU506831] NR 66 TC 481 Z9 491 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 21 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 11 BP 1466 EP 1474 DI 10.1001/jama.285.11.1466 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410VQ UT WOS:000167462100029 PM 11255423 ER PT J AU Hanlon, CA Niezgoda, M Morrill, PA Rupprecht, CE AF Hanlon, CA Niezgoda, M Morrill, PA Rupprecht, CE TI The incurable wound revisited: progress in human rabies prevention? SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Vaccines and Immunisation CY AUG 29-SEP 03, 2000 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE rabies; immune globulin; lyssaviruses ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POSTEXPOSURE TREATMENT; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; VIRUS; EXPOSURE; FAILURE; RECOMMENDATIONS; GLYCOPROTEIN; MECHANISMS; THAILAND AB Rabies is the most important viral zoonosis from a global perspective. Modern human postexposure prophylaxis consists of potent vaccines and local infiltration of rabies immune globulins (RIGs), but the latter biologicals are not widely available or affordable. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) offer several theoretical advantages over RIGs. To this end, several human and equine RIGS. alone or in combination with vaccine, were investigated for postexposure efficacy in a Syrian hamster model, compared with a single neutralizing murine Mab. Preliminary results suggest that: (1) animal models continue to provide utility as human surrogates in the demonstration of product efficacy against rabies; (2) RIG preparations differ substantially in experimental effectiveness and clearance; and (3) relevant alternatives, such as Mabs, should be pursued for future improvements to human rabies prevention. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Rabies Sect MS G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Rabies Sect MS G33, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 21 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 17-19 SI SI BP 2273 EP 2279 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00516-8 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 412DH UT WOS:000167538400017 PM 11257347 ER PT J AU Parekh, BS Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Satten, GA Candal, D Young, NL Kitayaporn, D Srisuwanvilai, LO Rakhtam, S Janssen, R Choopanya, K Mastro, TD AF Parekh, BS Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Satten, GA Candal, D Young, NL Kitayaporn, D Srisuwanvilai, LO Rakhtam, S Janssen, R Choopanya, K Mastro, TD TI Evaluation of a sensitive/less-sensitive testing algorithm using the 3A11-LS assay for detecting recent HIV seroconversion, among individuals with HIV-1 subtype B or E infection in Thailand SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; NORTHERN THAILAND; COHORT; WOMEN; MEN; SEX AB The development of a serologic algorithm to determine recent HIV seroconversion, using sensitive/less-sensitive testing strategies, has generated widespread interest in applying this approach to estimate HIV-1 incidence in various populations around the world. To evaluate this approach in non-B subtypes, longitudinal specimens (n = 522) collected from 90 incident infections among injecting drug users in Bangkok (subtype B infection, n = 18; subtype E infection, n = 72) were tested by the 3A11-LS assay. Standardized optical density (SOD) was calculated, using median values, and the window period between seroconversion as determined by sensitive and less sensitive tests was estimated by a maximum-likelihood model described previously. Our results show that the mean window period of the 3A11-LS assay was 155 days (95% CI, 128-189 days) for subtype B but was 270 days (95% CI, 187-349 days) for subtype E specimens from Thailand. About 4% of individuals with incident subtype E infections remained below the threshold (SOD of 0.75), even 2 years after seroconversion. Among the patients with clinical AIDS and declining antibodies, none of the 7 individuals with subtype B, but 10 (8.7%) of 115 with subtype E infections, were misclassified as recent infections. Lowering the cutoff to an SOD of 0.45 for subtype E specimens resulted in a mean window period of 185 days (95% CI, 154-211 days), with all individuals seroconverting, and reduced the number of subtype E-infected patients with AIDS who were misclassified as having recent infection to 2.6%. Our results demonstrate that the 3A11-LS assay has different performance characteristics in detecting recent infections among individuals infected with subtypes B or E. Determining appropriate cutoffs and mean window periods for other HIV-1 subtypes will be necessary before this approach can be reliably implemented in settings where non-B subtypes are common. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DASTLR, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Parekh, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DASTLR, NCID, Mailstop D12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1089/088922201750102562 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 414RW UT WOS:000167680800009 ER PT J AU Gonzales, R Bartlett, JC Besser, RE Cooper, RJ Hickner, JM Hoffman, JR Sande, MA AF Gonzales, R Bartlett, JC Besser, RE Cooper, RJ Hickner, JM Hoffman, JR Sande, MA TI Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in adults: Background, specific aims, and methods SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES; DAY-CARE-CENTER; MEDICAL LITERATURE; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; PENICILLIN; MENINGITIS; CHILDREN AB The need to decrease excess antibiotic use in ambulatory practice has been fueled by the epidemic increase in antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The majority of antibiotics prescribed to adults in ambulatory practice in the United States are for acute sinusitis, acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, and nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections (including the common cold). For each of these conditions-especially colds, nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections, and acute bronchitis (for which routine antibiotic treatment is not recommended)-a large proportion of the antibiotics prescribed are unlikely to provide clinical benefit to patients. Because decreasing community use of antibiotics is an important strategy for combating the increase in community-acquired antibiotic-resistant infections, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a panel of physicians representing the disciplines of internal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, and infectious diseases to develop a series of "Principles of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Treatment of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults." These principles provide evidence-based recommendations far evaluation and treatment of adults with acute respiratory illnesses. This paper describes the background and specific aims of and methods used to develop these principles. The goal of the principles is to provide clinicians with practical strategies for limiting antibiotic use to the patients who are most likely to benefit from it. These principles should be used in conjunction with effective patient educational campaigns and enhancements to the health care delivery system that facilitate nonantibiotic treatment of the conditions in question. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [F32 HS00134-1] NR 54 TC 152 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 134 IS 6 BP 479 EP 486 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 409VF UT WOS:000167405800007 PM 11255524 ER PT J AU Gonzales, R Bartlett, JC Besser, RE Hickner, JM Hoffman, JR Sande, MA AF Gonzales, R Bartlett, JC Besser, RE Hickner, JM Hoffman, JR Sande, MA TI Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections in adults: Background SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; COMMON-COLD; DOUBLE-BLIND; PHYSICIANS AB The following principles of appropriate antibiotic use for adults with nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections apply to immunocompetent adults without complicating comorbid conditions, such as chronic lung or heart disease. 1. The diagnosis of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection or acute rhinopharyngitis should be used to denote an acute infection that is typically viral in origin and in which sinus, pharyngeal, and lower airway symptoms, although frequently present are not prominent 2. Antibiotic treatment of adults with nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection does not enhance illness resolution and is not recommended. Studies specifically testing the impact of antibiotic treatment on complications of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections have not been performed in adults. Life-threatening complications of upper respiratory tract infection are rare. 3. Purulent secretions from the nares or throat (commonly observed in patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection) predict neither bacterial infection nor benefit from antibiotic treatment. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 134 IS 6 BP 490 EP 494 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 409VF UT WOS:000167405800009 PM 11255526 ER PT J AU Hickner, JM Bartlett, JG Besser, RE Gonzales, R Hoffman, JR Sande, MA AF Hickner, JM Bartlett, JG Besser, RE Gonzales, R Hoffman, JR Sande, MA TI Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute rhinosinusitis in adults: Background SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MAXILLARY SINUSITIS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; GENERAL-PRACTICE; COMMON COLD; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ACUTE BRONCHITIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; DIAGNOSIS; METAANALYSIS; RESISTANCE AB The following principles of appropriate antibiotic use for adults with acute rhinosinusitis apply to the diagnosis and treatment of acute maxillary and ethmoid rhinosinusitis in adults who are not immunocompromised. 1. Most cases of acute rhinosinusitis diagnosed in ambulatory care are caused by uncomplicated viral upper respiratory tract infections. 2. Bacterial and viral rhinosinusitis are difficult to differentiate on clinical grounds. The clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis should be reserved for patients with rhinosinusitis symptoms lasting 7 days or more who have maxillary pain or tenderness in the face or teeth (especially when unilateral) and purulent nasal secretions. Patients with rhinosinusitis symptoms that last less than 7 days are unlikely to have bacterial infection, although rarely some patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis present with dramatic symptoms of severe unilateral maxillary pain, swelling, and fever. 3. Sinus radiography is not recommended for diagnosis in routine cases. 4. Acute rhinosinusitis resolves without antibiotic treatment in most cases. Symptomatic treatment and reassurance is the preferred initial management strategy for patients with mild symptoms. Antibiotic therapy should be reserved for patients with moderately severe symptoms who meet the criteria for the clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and for those with severe rhinosinusitis symptoms-especially those with unilateral facial pain-regardless of duration of illness. For initial treatment, the most narrow-spectrum agent active against the likely pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, should be used. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 134 IS 6 BP 498 EP 505 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 409VF UT WOS:000167405800011 PM 11255528 ER PT J AU Cooper, RJ Hoffman, JR Bartlett, JC Besser, RE Gonzales, R Hickner, JM Sande, MA AF Cooper, RJ Hoffman, JR Bartlett, JC Besser, RE Gonzales, R Hickner, JM Sande, MA TI Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults: Background SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; MANAGING SORE THROAT; GENERAL-PRACTICE; PRESCRIBING STRATEGIES; OPTICAL IMMUNOASSAY; UNITED-STATES; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; PENICILLIN THERAPY AB The following principles of appropriate antibiotic use for adults with acute pharyngitis apply to immunocompetent adults without complicated comorbid conditions, such as chronic lung or heart disease, and history of rheumatic fever. They do not apply during known outbreaks of group A streptococcus. 1. Group A beta -hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) is the causal agent in approximately 10% of adult cases of pharyngitis. The large majority of adults with acute pharyngitis have a self-limited illness, for which supportive care only is needed. 2. Antibiotic treatment of adult pharyngitis benefits only those patients with GABHS infection. All patients with pharyngitis should be offered appropriate doses of analgesics and antipyretics, as well as other supportive care. 3. Limit antibiotic prescriptions to patients who are most likely to have GABHS infection. Clinically screen all adult patients with pharyngitis for the presence of the four Center criteria: history of fever, tonsillar exudates, no cough, and tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy (lymphadenitis). Do not test or treat patients with none or only one of these criteria, since these patients are unlikely to have GABHS infection. For patients with two or more criteria the following strategies are appropriate: a) Test patients with two, three, or four criteria by using a rapid antigen test, and limit antibiotic therapy to patients with positive test results; b) test patients with two or three criteria by using a rapid antigen test and limit antibiotic therapy to patients with positive test results or patients with four criteria; or c) do not use any diagnostic tests, and limit antibiotic therapy to patients with three or four criteria. 4. Throat cultures are not recommended for the routine primary evaluation of adults with pharyngitis or for confirmation of negative results on rapid antigen tests when the test sensitivity exceeds 80%. Throat cultures may be indicated as part of investigations of outbreaks of GABHS disease, for monitoring the development and spread of antibiotic resistance, or when such pathogens as gonococcus are being considered. 5. The preferred antibiotic for treatment of acute GABHS pharyngitis is penicillin, or erythromycin in a penicillin-allergic patient. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [F32 HS00134-01] NR 76 TC 152 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 134 IS 6 BP 509 EP 517 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 409VF UT WOS:000167405800013 PM 11255530 ER PT J AU Gonzales, R Bartlett, JG Besser, RE Cooper, RJ Hickner, JM Hoffman, LR Sande, MA AF Gonzales, R Bartlett, JG Besser, RE Cooper, RJ Hickner, JM Hoffman, LR Sande, MA TI Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of uncomplicated acute bronchitis: Background SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITOR ZANAMIVIR; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; INFLUENZA-A; ACUTE COUGH; CLINICAL-PREDICTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CONTROLLED TRIALS; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; PERSISTENT COUGH AB The following principles of appropriate antibiotic use for adults with acute bronchitis apply to immunocompetent adults without complicating comorbid conditions, such as chronic lung or heart disease. 1. The evaluation of adults with an acute cough illness or a presumptive diagnosis of uncomplicated acute bronchitis should focus on ruling out serious illness, particularly pneumonia. In healthy, nonelderly adults, pneumonia is uncommon in the absence of vital sign abnormalities or asymmetrical lung sounds, and chest radiography is usually not indicated. In patients with cough lasting 3 weeks or longer, chest radiography may be warranted in the absence of other known causes. 2. Routine antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated acute bronchitis is not recommended, regardless of duration of cough. If pertussis infection is suspected (an unusual circumstance), a diagnostic test should be performed and antimicrobial therapy initiated. 3. Patient satisfaction with care for acute bronchitis depends most on physician-patient communication rather than on antibiotic treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [F32 HS00134-1] NR 75 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 134 IS 6 BP 521 EP 529 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 409VF UT WOS:000167405800015 PM 11255532 ER PT J AU Bowman, JD Thomas, DC AF Bowman, JD Thomas, DC TI Re: "Are children living near high-voltage power lines at increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RESIDENTIAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; EXPOSURE C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Sci & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Bowman, JD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Sci & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 6 BP 615 EP 616 DI 10.1093/aje/153.6.615-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 411YB UT WOS:000167526300016 PM 11257071 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Davis, LE Slater, K McKechnie, DB Puerzer, M AF Massung, RF Davis, LE Slater, K McKechnie, DB Puerzer, M TI Epidemic typhus meningitis in the southwestern United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FLYING SQUIRRELS; RICKETTSIA-PROWAZEKII; MURINE TYPHUS; TEXAS AB A patient residing in New Mexico had murine typhus diagnosed. A novel molecular assay was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus, was found, rather than R. typhi. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of epidemic typhus confirmed by means of polymerase chain reaction-based testing of cerebrospinal fluid, and it introduces a novel assay for the molecular diagnosis of both epidemic and murine typhus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Mexico VA Hlth Care Syst, Neurol Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico VA Hlth Care Syst, Spinal Cord Injury Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Neurosci & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 6 BP 979 EP 982 DI 10.1086/319351 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 410VJ UT WOS:000167461500017 PM 11247722 ER PT J AU Hyde, TB Gilbert, M Schwartz, SB Zell, ER Watt, JP Thacker, WL Talkington, DF Besser, RE AF Hyde, TB Gilbert, M Schwartz, SB Zell, ER Watt, JP Thacker, WL Talkington, DF Besser, RE TI Azithromycin prophylaxis during a hospital outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-10, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CARRIAGE; IMPACT AB Outbreaks of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in closed communities can have a high attack rate and can last several months. Azithromycin chemoprophylaxis has not been evaluated as a means of limiting transmission. This randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin was conducted among asymptomatic hospital employees during an MP outbreak. Oropharyngeal swabs were obtained for detection of MP by polymerase chain reaction, and questionnaires were administered to assess clinical illness. Of the 147 employees who were enrolled, 73 received azithromycin and 74 received placebo. Carriage was similar within and between groups at weeks 1 and 6 (9.6% vs. 6.7% and 10.3% vs. 13.2%, respectively). Four episodes of clinically significant respiratory illness occurred in the azithromycin group versus 16 episodes in the placebo group (protective efficacy, 75%; 95% confidence interval, 28%-91%). Use of azithromycin prophylaxis in asymptomatic persons during an MP outbreak in a closed setting may be of value in reducing clinical illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 6 BP 907 EP 912 DI 10.1086/319258 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 404RM UT WOS:000167114500010 PM 11237807 ER PT J AU Thomas, DL Rich, JD Schuman, P Smith, DK Astemborski, JA Nolt, KR Klein, RS AF Thomas, DL Rich, JD Schuman, P Smith, DK Astemborski, JA Nolt, KR Klein, RS CA HIV Epidemiology Res HER Study Grp TI Multicenter evaluation of hepatitis C RNA levels among female injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 18-21, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NATURAL-HISTORY; LONG-TERM; INFECTION; REPLICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LYMPHOCYTES AB The purpose of this investigation was to identify factors that determine the blood level of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. By use of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, the level of HCV RNA was ascertained in stored serum samples from 676 women enrolled in a multicenter prospective investigation who were seropositive for anti-HCV antibodies. HCV RNA levels ranged from undetectable to 22.4 x 10(6) copies/mL in these women. Among the 520 women with detectable HCV RNA, levels were higher among those who were >41 years old and those who had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. After adjusting for age in a multivariate linear regression model, HCV RNA levels were more strongly associated with HIV RNA levels than with CD4(+) lymphocyte counts. However, <6% of person-to-person variance was explained by the factors evaluated. Additional research is needed to ascertain what determines the level of HCV RNA in blood. C1 Montefiore Med Ctr, AIDS Res Program, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Klein, RS (reprint author), Montefiore Med Ctr, AIDS Res Program, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU106795] NR 14 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 6 BP 973 EP 976 DI 10.1086/319256 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 404RM UT WOS:000167114500019 PM 11237816 ER PT J AU McJunkin, JE de los Reyes, EC Irazuzta, JE Caceres, MJ Khan, RR Minnich, LL Fu, KD Lovett, GD Tsai, T Thompson, A AF McJunkin, JE de los Reyes, EC Irazuzta, JE Caceres, MJ Khan, RR Minnich, LL Fu, KD Lovett, GD Tsai, T Thompson, A TI La crosse encephalitis in children. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE; INAPPROPRIATE SECRETION; BRAIN; HYPOTHERMIA; DIAGNOSIS; VIRUS AB Background: La Crosse encephalitis is a mosquito-borne disease that can be mistaken for herpes simplex encephalitis. It has been reported in 28 states but may be underrecognized. Methods: We investigated the manifestations and clinical course of La Crosse encephalitis in 127 patients hospitalized from 1987 through 1996. The diagnosis was established by serologic testing for IgM and IgG antibodies to La Crosse virus. Data were collected by chart review. Results: Most of the patients were school-aged children (mean [+/-SD] age, 7.8+/-3.5 years; range, 0.5 to 15.0). Symptoms included headache, fever, and vomiting (each in 70 percent or more of the patients), seizures (in 46 percent), and disorientation (in 42 percent). Thirteen percent had aseptic meningitis. Hyponatremia developed in 21 percent, and there were signs of increased intracranial pressure in 13 percent. Six patients, including three with cerebral herniation, underwent intracranial-pressure monitoring. The 13 patients (11 percent) whose condition deteriorated in the hospital had decreases in serum sodium levels (P=0.007) and increases in body temperature (P=0.003) at the time of deterioration. At admission, these patients more often had a history of vomiting (P=0.047) and a score of 12 or lower on the Glasgow Coma Scale (P=0.02) than the others; a trend toward a greater prevalence of seizures at admission was also evident in this group (P=0.07). All the patients survived, but 15 of them (12 percent) had neurologic deficits at discharge. Follow-up assessments, performed in 28 children, suggested an increase in cognitive and behavioral deficits 10 to 18 months after the episode of encephalitis. Conclusions: La Crosse virus infection should be considered in children who present with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. Hyponatremia and increasing body temperature may be related to clinical deterioration. (N Engl J Med 2001;344:801-7.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 W Virginia Univ, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Charleston Div, Charleston, WV 25304 USA. Charleston Area Med Ctr, Charleston, WV USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP McJunkin, JE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Pediat, POB 9214, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 55 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 5 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 11 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1056/NEJM200103153441103 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410LA UT WOS:000167440400003 PM 11248155 ER PT J AU Bernstein, KT Tulloch, R Montes, J Bolan, G Dyer, IE Lawrence, M Kaur, AP Kodagoda, D Rotblatt, H Kerndt, P Gunn, R DeAugustine, N Weismuller, P AF Bernstein, KT Tulloch, R Montes, J Bolan, G Dyer, IE Lawrence, M Kaur, AP Kodagoda, D Rotblatt, H Kerndt, P Gunn, R DeAugustine, N Weismuller, P TI Outbreak of syphilis among men who have sex with men - Southern California, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 117-120, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Los Angeles Cty Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Cty San Diego Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, San Diego, CA USA. City Long Beach Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Prevent Hlth Bur, Long Beach, CA USA. Orange Cty Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Orange, CA USA. CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 14 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 10 BP 1285 EP 1287 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 408QK UT WOS:000167339000011 ER PT J AU Lee, LM Karon, JM Selik, R Neal, JJ Fleming, PL AF Lee, LM Karon, JM Selik, R Neal, JJ Fleming, PL TI Survival after AIDS diagnosis in adolescents and adults during the treatment era, United States, 1984-1997 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; NEW-YORK-CITY; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-INFECTION; MORTALITY; COMPLETENESS; TIME; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS AB Context Declines in the number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) deaths were first observed in 1996, attributed to improvements in antiretroviral therapy and an increase in the proportion of persons receiving therapy. Objective To examine national trends in survival time among persons diagnosed as having AIDS in 1984-1997. Design, Setting, and Subjects Retrospective cohort study using data from a population-based registry of AIDS cases and deaths reported in the United States. Main Outcome Measure Months of survival after AIDS diagnosis through December 31, 1998, compared by year of diagnosis. Results Among 394705 persons with an AIDS-defining opportunistic illness (OI) diagnosed in 1984-1997, median survival time improved from 11 months for 1984 diagnoses to 46 months for 1995 diagnoses. Among persons with an OI diagnosed in 1996 and 1997, 67% were alive at least 36 months after diagnosis and 77% were alive at least 24 months after diagnosis, respectively. Among 296621 AIDS cases diagnosed during 1993-1997, 65% were based on immunologic criteria and 35% on OI criteria; 80% were among men; and 42% were among non-Hispanic blacks, 40% among non-Hispanic whites, 17% among Hispanics, 1% among Asians/Pacific islanders, and less than 1% among American Indians/Alaska natives. The probability of surviving at least 24 months increased from 67% for those with immunologic diagnoses in 1993 to 90% in 1997 and from 49% for those with OI diagnoses in 1993 to 80% in 1997, Survival time increased with each year of diagnosis from 1984 to 1997 for blacks, whites, and Hispanics. The greatest annual survival gains occurred among per sons receiving an AIDS diagnosis in 1995 and 1996. Conclusions Survival time after AIDS diagnosis improved from 1984 to 1997, While AIDS incidence is declining, improved survival times present a growing public health challenge as the number of persons living with chronic human immunodeficiency virus disease/AIDS increases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 136 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 14 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 10 BP 1308 EP 1315 DI 10.1001/jama.285.10.1308 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 408QK UT WOS:000167339000022 PM 11255385 ER PT J AU Becker, K Southwick, K Reardon, J Berg, R MacCormack, JN AF Becker, K Southwick, K Reardon, J Berg, R MacCormack, JN TI Histamine poisoning associated with eating tuna burgers SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Context Histamine poisoning occurs when persons ingest fish in which bacteria have converted histidine to histamine, a process that usually can be controlled by storage at low temperatures. From 1994 to 1997, North Carolina averaged 2 cases annually; however, from July 1998 to February 1999, a total of 22 cases of histamine fish poisoning were reported. Objectives To examine the increase in histamine case reports, identify risk factors for poisoning, and develop recommendations for prevention. Design and Setting Case series evaluated in North Carolina from July 1998 to February 1999, Subjects Reported case-patients with 2 of the following symptoms within 2 hours of eating tuna: rash, facial flushing, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, a tight feeling in the throat, headache, or a metallic or peppery taste in the mouth. Results Twenty cases occurred during 5 outbreaks, and there were 2 single occurrences. Of the 22 persons affected, 19 (86%) sought emergency medical care. All case-patients ate tuna: 18 ate tuna burgers, 2 ate salad containing tuna, and 2 ate filets, Tuna samples (available from 3 outbreaks) had histamine levels above the Food and Drug Administration regulatory level of 50 ppm (levels were between 213 and 3245 ppm). In 19 cases, the tuna used to prepare burgers or salads was frozen and thawed more than once before serving. Violations of recommended temperature controls were identified in 2 of the 5 restaurants, accounting for 14 (64%) cases. Conclusions Tuna burgers, a relatively new menu item in restaurants, were associated with an increase in histamine poisoning cases in North Carolina. Tuna ground for burgers can be susceptible to both temperature fluctuations and bacterial contamination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. US FDA, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Becker, K (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Off Int & Refugee Hlth, 5600 Fishers Ln,Parklawn Bldg,Room 18-105, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 14 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 10 BP 1327 EP 1330 DI 10.1001/jama.285.10.1327 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 408QK UT WOS:000167339000025 PM 11255388 ER PT J AU Bowen, BMH Sowell, A Pirkle, LE Schleicher, R Chen, HP Xu, M Caudill, S AF Bowen, BMH Sowell, A Pirkle, LE Schleicher, R Chen, HP Xu, M Caudill, S TI Validation of the Futterman method: An alternative to HPLC for vitamin A determination in serum SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ORISE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A959 EP A959 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201417 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, U Hickey, M Khan, LK Cogswell, M AF Ramakrishnan, U Hickey, M Khan, LK Cogswell, M TI Patterns of use of iron fortified foods among women of reproductive age in the United States SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Ramakrishnan, Usha/L-8921-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A974 EP A974 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201505 ER PT J AU Ranamukhaarachchi, D Rajeevan, MS Lee, DR Williams, DK Vernon, SD Unger, ER AF Ranamukhaarachchi, D Rajeevan, MS Lee, DR Williams, DK Vernon, SD Unger, ER TI Gene expression profiling of keratinocyte differentiation by fluorescent differential display PCR SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1185 EP A1185 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202718 ER PT J AU Siega-Riz, AM Hartzema, A Thorp, J McDonald, T Turnbull, C Cogswell, M AF Siega-Riz, AM Hartzema, A Thorp, J McDonald, T Turnbull, C Cogswell, M TI Selective vs universal iron supplementation during pregnancy: Prevention of third trimester anemia SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Wake Med Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Raleigh, NC 27610 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A974 EP A974 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201503 ER PT J AU Bodnar, LM Siega-Riz, AM Cogswell, ME AF Bodnar, LM Siega-Riz, AM Cogswell, ME TI Iron supplementation of women with good iron stores does not impact prevalence of postpartum anemia SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A641 EP A641 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103677 ER PT J AU Borrud, LG Burt, VL AF Borrud, LG Burt, VL TI Weight and weight change reported by adults in the NHANES 1999 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, DHHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A621 EP A621 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103558 ER PT J AU Gupta, M Mahanty, S Ahmed, R Rollin, PE AF Gupta, M Mahanty, S Ahmed, R Rollin, PE TI Cellular immune response in acute infection with Ebola virus SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A308 EP A308 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101761 ER PT J AU Hawthorne, NA Johnson, MA Fischer, JG Gunter, EW Allen, RH Stabler, SP AF Hawthorne, NA Johnson, MA Fischer, JG Gunter, EW Allen, RH Stabler, SP TI Vitamin B-12 deficiency is corrected by oral vitamin B-12 in older adults in elderly nutrition programs in Georgia SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30601 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80220 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A613 EP A613 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103513 ER PT J AU Johnson, MA Porter, KH Houston, DK Nozza, RJ Shea-Miller, K Gunter, EW AF Johnson, MA Porter, KH Houston, DK Nozza, RJ Shea-Miller, K Gunter, EW TI Age-related hearing loss is associated with poor calcium and vitamin D status in older women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30601 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A399 EP A399 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102282 ER PT J AU Laufer, EM Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Gunter, E Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Brown, ED Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR AF Laufer, EM Hartman, TJ Baer, DJ Gunter, E Dorgan, JF Campbell, WS Brown, ED Albanes, D Judd, JT Taylor, PR TI The effects of moderate alcohol consumption on serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A262 EP A262 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438101498 ER PT J AU Matheson, JM Lange, RW Lemus, R Karol, MH Luster, MJ AF Matheson, JM Lange, RW Lemus, R Karol, MH Luster, MJ TI The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, CDC, DHHS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. 3M Pharmaceut, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A664 EP A664 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103811 ER PT J AU Pirkle, LE Bowen, BMH Sowell, A Schleicher, R Chen, HP Xu, M Caudill, S AF Pirkle, LE Bowen, BMH Sowell, A Schleicher, R Chen, HP Xu, M Caudill, S TI Comparison of results from HPLC and Futterman assay serum retinol concentration determination methods on samples from hospitalized children SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, ORISE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A603 EP A603 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103455 ER PT J AU Potischman, N Swanson, CA Coates, RJ Brinton, LA AF Potischman, N Swanson, CA Coates, RJ Brinton, LA TI The association of macronutrients, food groups and eating patterns with risk of breast cancer in young women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A62 EP A62 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438100349 ER PT J AU Ranamukhaarachchi, D Rajeevan, MS Lee, DR Williams, DK Vernon, SD Unger, ER AF Ranamukhaarachchi, D Rajeevan, MS Lee, DR Williams, DK Vernon, SD Unger, ER TI Gene expression profiling of keratinocyte differentiation by fluorescent differential display PCR SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A391 EP A391 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102238 ER PT J AU Steck-Scott, S Lanza, E Forman, M Sowell, A Borkowf, C Albert, P Schatzkin, A AF Steck-Scott, S Lanza, E Forman, M Sowell, A Borkowf, C Albert, P Schatzkin, A CA PPT Study Grp TI Relationship between serum carotenoids and polyp recurrence: Results from the Polyp Prevention Trial SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A62 EP A62 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438100353 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Gunter, EW Pfeiffer, CM AF Zhang, M Gunter, EW Pfeiffer, CM TI Comparison of the Drew Scientific DS30 homocysteine assay with the CDC reference HPLC method SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A613 EP A613 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103510 ER PT J AU Chasan-Taber, L Tabachnick, J McMahon, PM AF Chasan-Taber, L Tabachnick, J McMahon, PM TI Evaluation of a child sexual abuse prevention program - Vermont, 1995-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 77-78, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID METAANALYSIS C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MPPM Stop It Now, Haydenville, MA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Hlth & Hosp, Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. CDC, Family & Intimate Violence Prevent Team, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chasan-Taber, L (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 9 BP 1147 EP 1148 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 406BH UT WOS:000167194700009 ER PT J CA CDC TI Circulation of a type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus - Egypt, 1982-1993 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 41-51, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Reg Reference Lab, Egyptian Inst Biol Prod & Vaccine Prod, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth, Cairo, Egypt. Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean Reg, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Cairo, Egypt. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), WHO, Reg Reference Lab, Egyptian Inst Biol Prod & Vaccine Prod, Cairo, Egypt. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 9 BP 1148 EP 1149 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 406BH UT WOS:000167194700010 ER PT J AU Chisevescu, DP Mihailescu, I Mihailescu, GP Pasat, L Ion-Nedelcu, N Popa, MI AF Chisevescu, DP Mihailescu, I Mihailescu, GP Pasat, L Ion-Nedelcu, N Popa, MI CA CDC TI Injection practices among nurses - Valcea, Romania, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 59-61, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; RISK C1 Bucharest Publ Hlth Direct, Bucharest, Romania. Minist Hlth, Bucharest, Romania. CDC, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Popa, Mircea /A-4830-2011 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 9 BP 1149 EP 1150 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 406BH UT WOS:000167194700011 ER PT J AU Wassell, JT Landsittel, DP Gardner, LI Johnston, AM AF Wassell, JT Landsittel, DP Gardner, LI Johnston, AM TI Do back belts prevent back injury? Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Wassell, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 9 BP 1152 EP 1152 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 406BH UT WOS:000167194700014 ER PT J AU Hader, SL Smith, DK Moore, JS Holmberg, SD AF Hader, SL Smith, DK Moore, JS Holmberg, SD TI HIV infection in women in the United States - Status at the millennium SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; GENITAL-TRACT INFECTIONS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; INTERAGENCY HIV; SEX-DIFFERENCES; VIRAL LOAD; HIGH-RISK; CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AB Context During the past decade, knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women has expanded considerably but may not be easily accessible for use in understanding and prioritizing the clinical needs of HIV-infected women. Objectives To perform a comprehensive review of epidemiologic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral information about HIV in women, and to recommend an agenda for future activities. Data Sources A computerized search, using MEDLINE and AIDSline, of published literature was conducted; journal articles from January 1981 through July 2000 and scientific conference presentations from January 1999 through July 2000 were retrieved and reviewed for content; article reference lists were used to identify additional articles and presentations of interest. Study Selection Data from surveillance and prospective cohort studies with at least 20 HIV-infected women and appropriate comparison groups were preferentially included. Data Extraction Included studies of historical importance and subsequent refined analyses of topics covered therein; these and studies with more current data were given preference. Four studies involving fewer than 20 women were included; 2 studies were of men only. Data Synthesis Women account for an increasing percentage of all acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, from 6.7% (1819/27140 cases) in 1986 to 18% (119810/724656 cases) in 1999. By the end of 1998, of all newly reported AIDS cases among women, proportionally more were in the South (41%), among black women (61%), and from heterosexual transmission (38%). Of note, increasingly more women have no identified or reported risk, about half or more of whom are estimated to be infected heterosexually. It is estimated that a total of at least 54% of women newly reported with AIDS in 1998 acquired HIV through heterosexual sex, including women in the no identified or reported risk category estimated to have been infected heterosexually, meeting the surveillance heterosexual risk definition. Natural history, progression, survival, and HIV-associated illnesses-except for those of the reproductive tract-thus far appear to be similar in HIV-infected women and men. Although antiretroviral therapy has proven to be highly effective in improving HIV-related morbidity and mortality rates, women may be less likely than men to use these therapies. Drug use, high-risk sex behaviors, depression, and unmet social needs interfere with women's use of available HIV prevention and treatment resources. Conclusions Continued research on HIV pathogenesis and treatment is needed; however, emphasis should also be placed on using existing knowledge to improve the clinical care of women by enhancing use of available services and including greater use of antiretroviral therapy options, treating depression and drug use, facilitating educational efforts, and providing social support for HIV-infected women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hader, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, E-45,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 88 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 9 BP 1186 EP 1192 DI 10.1001/jama.285.9.1186 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 406BH UT WOS:000167194700023 PM 11231749 ER PT J AU Zabina, H Schmid, TL AF Zabina, H Schmid, TL TI Monitoring behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Russia SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 9 MA 0008 BP 1345 EP 1345 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 412NX UT WOS:000167562200036 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA AF Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA TI Sudden cardiac death in US young adults, 1989-1996 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 9 MA 0007 BP 1345 EP 1345 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 412NX UT WOS:000167562200035 ER PT J AU Dai, S Fulton, JE Grunbaum, JA Boerwinkle, E Labarthe, DR AF Dai, S Fulton, JE Grunbaum, JA Boerwinkle, E Labarthe, DR TI Apo E effects on blood cholesterol are independent of growth and maturation in adolescent girls: Project HeartBeat! SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 9 MA P15 BP 1353 EP 1353 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 412NX UT WOS:000167562200075 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF Brown, DW Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB TI Disparities in cholesterol screening in the United States. Falling short of a national health objective SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 9 MA P40 BP 1358 EP 1358 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 412NX UT WOS:000167562200100 ER PT J AU Zong, JH Labarthe, DR Harrist, R Dai, SF Mueller, WH AF Zong, JH Labarthe, DR Harrist, R Dai, SF Mueller, WH TI Relationships of changes in height, weight and body mass index to changes in blood lipids from age 8 to 18 years: Project Heartbeat! SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 9 MA P64 BP 1363 EP 1363 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 412NX UT WOS:000167562200124 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Lamar-Welch, V Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF Brown, DW Lamar-Welch, V Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB TI Association between hyperinsulinemia and hypertension among white, black, and Mexican American adults. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 9 MA P72 BP 1364 EP 1365 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 412NX UT WOS:000167562200132 ER PT J AU Vineis, P Schulte, P McMichael, AJ AF Vineis, P Schulte, P McMichael, AJ TI Misconceptions about the use of genetic tests in populations SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID BREAST-CANCER; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PUBLIC-HEALTH; DNA-REPAIR; RISK; PREVENTION; TAMOXIFEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MUTATIONS; PHENOTYPE C1 Dipartimento Sci Biomed & Oncol Umana, Canc Epidemiol Unit, I-10126 Turin, Italy. CPO Piemonte, I-10126 Turin, Italy. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Vineis, P (reprint author), Dipartimento Sci Biomed & Oncol Umana, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Via Santena 7, I-10126 Turin, Italy. NR 24 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 3 PY 2001 VL 357 IS 9257 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04136-2 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 407QN UT WOS:000167282400038 PM 11247571 ER PT J AU Spiegel, PB Salama, P AF Spiegel, PB Salama, P TI Emergencies in developed countries: are aid organisations ready to adapt? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spiegel, PB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 3 PY 2001 VL 357 IS 9257 BP 714 EP 714 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04143-X PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 407QN UT WOS:000167282400041 PM 11247574 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Dash, B Hanna, SL Frances, HS Nzilambi, N Colebunders, RC St Louis, M Quinn, TC Folks, TM Lal, RB AF Yang, CF Dash, B Hanna, SL Frances, HS Nzilambi, N Colebunders, RC St Louis, M Quinn, TC Folks, TM Lal, RB TI Predominance of HIV type 1 subtype G among commercial sex workers from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; GROUP-O; DIVERSE HUMAN; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; INFECTION; DISTINCT AB We have investigated the genetic diversity and potential mosaic genomes of HIV-1 during the early part of the HIV-1 epidemic among commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire). Serologic analysis revealed that 27 (28.7%) of the 94 specimens were seropositive by both peptide and whole-virus lysate EIAs and that 24 were positive by molecular screening assays, using generic primers that can detect all known groups of HIV-1. Phylogenetic analyses of the gag(p24), C2V3, and gp41 regions of these 24 specimens showed that all were group M; none of them had any evidence of group O, N, or SIVcpz-like sequences. On the basis of env sequence analysis, the 24 group M specimens were classified as subtypes G (37.5%), A (21%), F1 (12.5%), CRF01_AE (8%), D (4%), and H (4%); 3 (12.5%) were unclassifiable (U). Similar analysis of the gag(p24) region revealed that the majority of infections were subtype A; however, one-third of the specimens were subtype G. Parallel analysis of gag(p24) and env regions revealed discordant subtypes in many specimens that may reflect possible dual and/or recombinant viruses. These data suggest a predominance of subtype G (both pure G and recombinant CRF02_AG) during the early part of the epidemic in Kinshasa. Infections with group N or SIVcpz-like viruses were not present among these CSWs in Kinshasa. C1 CDC, NCID, DASTLR, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIDA, Ctr AIDS & Other Med Consequences Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Project SIDA, Kinshasa, Zaire. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. CDC, AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Lab Immunoregulat, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DASTLR, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Mail Stop D-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.1089/08892220150503726 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 406KX UT WOS:000167216300008 PM 11242522 ER PT J AU Rudzinski, WE Yin, J England, E Carlton, G Key-Schwartz, R Lesage, J AF Rudzinski, WE Yin, J England, E Carlton, G Key-Schwartz, R Lesage, J TI A comparison of solid sampler methods for the determination of hexamethylene-based isocyanates in spray-painting operations SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE dual cassette sampler; isocyanates; 1-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazine; PUF cassette sampler; PUFIOM sampler; spray painting ID AEROSOL SAMPLERS; DIISOCYANATE; EXPOSURE; PERFORMANCE; ASTHMA; AIR; MDI; HDI AB A polyurethane foam sponge impregnated with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazine in dimethylsulfoxide was mounted in both cassette and inhalable organic monitor samplers and these were then compared with a dual-filter cassette. The samplers were used for the collection of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer and oligomers during actual spray-painting operations. The dual filter cassettes were positioned on a mannequin. The polyurethane foam cassette (PUF CAS) and polyurethane foam inhalable organic monitor (PUF IOM) samplers were positioned on a cart in the same maximum overspray area. Data from this pilot study suggest that there is no significant difference (P < 0.05, n = 6) in the amount of HDI monomer obtained with the PUF IOM sampler when compared with the amount of HDI monomer obtained with the PUF IOM sampler when compared with the amount obtained from the dual filter cassette. The data also suggest that the PUF IOM sampler yields a higher amount of HDI oligomer than either the dual filter cassette or the PUF CAS sampler, neither of which exhibited a significant difference (P < 0.05, n = 6) from each other. C1 SW Texas State Univ, Dept Chem, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. AFIERA RSHI, Brooks AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Inst Rech Sante & Secur Travail, Montreal, PQ H3A 3C2, Canada. RP Rudzinski, WE (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Chem, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01OH03295-010] NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 62 IS 2 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1080/15298660108984628 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 425TB UT WOS:000168306800013 PM 11331997 ER PT J AU Ballew, C Bowman, BA Sowell, AL Gillespie, C AF Ballew, C Bowman, BA Sowell, AL Gillespie, C TI Serum retinol distributions in residents of the United States: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adults; children; females; males; blacks; whites; Mexican Americans; vitamin A; serum retinol; sociodemographic factors; multivariate analysis; NHANES III; third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; United States; prevalence ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PLASMA-LEVELS; LIFE-STYLE; DIETARY; CHILDREN; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS; NICOTINE AB Background: Inadequate vitamin A status has been a potential nutritional problem for some segments of the US population, particularly children and the poor. Objective: We evaluated serum retinol concentration by using population-representative data from 16 058 participants aged 4 to greater than or equal to 90 y in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Design: We used multivariate regression to examine the simultaneous associations of sociodemographic, biologic, and behavioral factors with serum retinol concentration. Results: In children, serum retinol concentrations were greater with greater age, body mass index, serum lipids, and the use of supplements containing vitamin A. In adults, male sex, serum lipids, alcohol consumption, and age were positively associated with serum retinol concentration in most racial/ethnic strata. Household income was not associated with serum retinol concentration in children; associations were inconsistent in adults. The prevalence of serum retinol <0.70 mol/L was very low in all strata; the prevalence of serum retinol <1.05 mol/L was 16.7-33.9% in children aged 4-8 y and 3.6-14.2% in children aged 9-13 y,depending on sex and racial/ethnic group. The prevalence of serum retinol <1.05 mol/L was higher in non-Hispanic black and Mexican American children than in non-Hispanic white children; these differences remained significant (P < 0.0001) after covariates were controlled for. Among adults, nonwhite women were significantly (P < 0.0001) more likely than white women to have serum retinol <1.05 mol/L after covariates were controlled for. Conclusions: Clinically low serum retinol concentration is uncommon in US residents aged greater than or equal to4 y, although racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in serum retinol concentration still exist. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ballew, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-26,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 3 BP 586 EP 593 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 404QJ UT WOS:000167111900016 PM 11237936 ER PT J AU Harrison, P Ault, KA Chapman, S Charie, L Davis, B Fujimoto, K Houwen, B Kunicka, K Lacombe, F Machin, S Raynor, R van Hove, L van Assendelft, OW AF Harrison, P Ault, KA Chapman, S Charie, L Davis, B Fujimoto, K Houwen, B Kunicka, K Lacombe, F Machin, S Raynor, R van Hove, L van Assendelft, OW CA Int Soc Lab Hematology Task Force TI An interlaboratory study of a candidate reference method for platelet counting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE platelets; counting; reference; RBC/platelet ratio ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; TRANSFUSION; ANTIBODIES AB A multinational interlaboratory task force explored the important variables of platelet reference counting and developed a candidate flow cytometric reference method based on the RBC/platelet ratio. A multicenter comparison was performed to determine whether the method met the necessary criteria and was precise enough to be recommended as a new reference method. Each laboratory analyzed serial dilutions of normal speciemens, stabilized material, and at least 60 patient specimens with a range of platelet counts from 1 to 400 X 10(3)/muL (1 -400 X 10(9)/L). Pooled analysis of the serial dilutions showed that RBC-platelet and RBC-RBC coincidence events became negligible at sufficiently high dilutions (ie, >1:1,000). All laboratories demonstrated excellent intra-assay and acceptable interlaboratory precision. Two antibodies (CD61 and CD41) were used for identifying platelets and individually gave acceptable results, but in a minority of samples, staining differences were observed. The optimum method thus uses a double-labeling procedure with a final dilution factor of 1:1,000. The study demonstrated that this method meets the criteria for a reference platelet count. C1 UCL, London WC1E 6HX, England. Maine Med Ctr, Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. Bayer Diagnost, Tarrytown, NY USA. Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL USA. Sysmex, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. ABX Diagnost, Pessac, France. Abbott Labs, Santa Clara, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harrison, P (reprint author), UCL, 98 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, England. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 115 IS 3 BP 448 EP 459 PG 12 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 406LT UT WOS:000167218200015 PM 11242802 ER PT J AU Mares-Perlman, JA Fisher, AI Klein, R Block, G Millen, AE Wright, JD AF Mares-Perlman, JA Fisher, AI Klein, R Block, G Millen, AE Wright, JD TI Lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum and their relation to age-related maculopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; diet; macular degeneration ID BEAVER DAM EYE; MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; 5-YEAR INCIDENCE; DEGENERATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; POPULATION; RETINA; ASSOCIATION; CAROTENOIDS; PREVALENCE AB Relations of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum to photographic evidence of early and late age-related maculopathy (ARM) among persons over age 40 years (n = 8,222) were examined. Inverse relations of these carotenoids in the diet or serum to any form of ARM were not observed overall. There was a direct relation of dietary levels to one type of early ARM (soft drusen). However, relations differed by age and race. In the youngest age groups who were at risk for developing early (ages 40-59 years) or late (ages 60-79 years) ARM, higher levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet were related to lower odds for pigmentary abnormalities, one sign of early ARM (odds ratio among persons in high vs. low quintiles = 0.1, 95 percent confidence interval: 0.1, 0.3) and of late ARM (odds ratio = 0.1, 95 percent confidence interval: 0.0, 0.9) after adjustment for age, gender, alcohol use, hypertension, smoking, and body mass index. Relations of these carotenoids to ARM may be influenced by age and race and require further evaluation in separate populations and in prospective studies. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Sch Med, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Prevent Med, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mares-Perlman, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Sch Med, 610 N Walnut St,460 WARF, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY11722] NR 46 TC 176 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 5 BP 424 EP 432 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 405YZ UT WOS:000167189300004 PM 11226974 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Holman, RC Clarke, MJ Chorba, TL AF Hooper, WC Holman, RC Clarke, MJ Chorba, TL TI Trends in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and HIV-Associated NHL deaths in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE non-Hodgkin lymphoma; mortality; AIDS; epidemiology; HIV; death ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; SPECTRUM AB Since a significant number of lymphomas have been associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the purpose of this study was to describe the impact of HIV infection on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) mortality trends and demographics. Multiple-cause-of-death data for the United States from 1979 through 1996 were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual NHL deaths rates for the United States were calculated as the number of NHL deaths per 100,000 persons, based on estimates of the U.S. resident population. The time periods 1979-1982, 1986-1989, and 1993-1996 were examined for changes over time, To describe NHL and HIV infection mortality, the characteristics of NHL deaths with HIV infection listed anywhere on the death records were examined beginning in 1987, This study found that despite reports of a lower incidence rate of NHL among blacks with HIV/AIDS, death rates from lymphomas associated with HIV/AIDS have markedly increased in black males and females over time. It was also noted that in agreement with other studies, this study documented a decrease in NHL/HIV mortality in 1996, Am. J, Hematol, 66:159-166, 2001, Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 66 IS 3 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1002/1096-8652(200103)66:3<159::AID-AJH1039>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 402CU UT WOS:000166969100001 PM 11279621 ER PT J AU Okun, A Lentz, TJ Schulte, P Stayner, L AF Okun, A Lentz, TJ Schulte, P Stayner, L TI Identifying high-risk small business industries for occupational safety and health interventions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE small business; SIC codes; occupation; illnesses; injuries; fatalities ID INJURY; COSTS AB Background Approximately one-third (32%) of U.S. workers are employed in small business industries (those with 80% of workers in establishments with fewer than 100 employees), and approximately 53 million persons in private industry work in small business establishments. This study was performed to identify small business industries at high risk for occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Methods Small business industries were identified from among all three- and four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and ranked using Bureau of labor Statistics (BLS) data by rates and numbers of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Both incidence rates and number of injury, illness, and fatality cases were evaluated. Results The 253 small business industries identified accounted for 1,568 work-related fatalities (34% of all private industry). Transportation incidents and violent acts were the leading causes of these fatalities. Detailed injury and illness data were available for 105 small business industries, that accounted for 1,476,400 work-related injuries, and 55,850 occupational illnesses. Many of the small business industries had morbidity and mortality rates exceeding the average rates for all private industry The highest risk small business industries, based on a combined morbidity and mortality index included logging, cut stone and stone products, truck terminals, and roofing, siding, and sheet metal work. Conclusions Identification of high-risk small business: industries indicates priorities for those interested in developing targeted prevention programs. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Okun, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, MS-C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1002/1097-0274(200103)39:3<301::AID-AJIM1018>3.0.CO;2-L PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 406LH UT WOS:000167217300007 PM 11241563 ER PT J AU Tanaka, S Petersen, M Cameron, L AF Tanaka, S Petersen, M Cameron, L TI Prevalence and risk factors of tendinitis and related disorders of the distal upper extremity among US workers: Comparison to carpal tunnel syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tendinitis; synovitis; tenosynovitis; de Quervain's disease; epicondylitis; ganglion cyst; trigger finger; health interview survey ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; TENOSYNOVITIS; WORKFORCE; WORKPLACE; FINGER; PLANT AB Background National estimates of tendinitis and related disorders of the distal upper extremity among U.S. workers have not been available with the exception of carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods The Occupational Health Supplement Data of the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed for tendinitis and related disorders of the hand/wrist and elbow (distal upper extremity) using the Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN) software. Results Among the 30,074 respondents (statistically weighted population of 127 million) who had worked anytime during the previous 12 months, 0.46% (95% CI: 0.36, 0.56) reported that they experienced a "prolonged" hand discomfort which was called tendinitis, synovitis, tenosynovitis, deQuervain's disease, epicondylitis, ganglion cyst, or trigger finger, by a medical person. This corresponds to 588,000 persons (95% CI: 457,000; 712,000) reporting one of these disorders, 28% (or 164,000) of which were thought to be work-related by the medical person. Among various risk factors examined by multiple logistic regression analysis, bending/twisting of the hands/wrists at work and female gender were significantly associated with reporting of these disorders. Conclusions By combining these cases with the previously reported cases of work related carpal tunnel syndrome, we estimate that there were approximately 520,000 cases of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the distal upper extremity among US workers in 1988. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control, US Publ Hlth Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tanaka, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control, US Publ Hlth Serv, Mail Stop R-21,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1002/1097-0274(200103)39:3<328::AID-AJIM1021>3.0.CO;2-I PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 406LH UT WOS:000167217300010 PM 11241566 ER PT J AU Duerr, A Kieke, B Warren, D Shah, K Burk, R Peipert, JF Schuman, P Klein, RS AF Duerr, A Kieke, B Warren, D Shah, K Burk, R Peipert, JF Schuman, P Klein, RS CA Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epid TI Human papillomavirus-associated cervical cytologic abnormalities among women with or at risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervical cytologic abnormalities; human immunodeficiency virus; human papillomavirus ID GENITAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; AIDS AB OBJECTIVE: Correlates of abnormal human immunodeficiency virus cervical cytologic findings were examined among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected women. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data on demographically similar women with infection or risk factors for it. RESULTS: Among 1050 women without hysterectomy, squamous intraepithelial lesions were more common among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus than among uninfected women (18.8% vs 5.3%; P <.001). In multivariate analysis the association of squamous intraepithelial lesions with human papillomavirus infection was strong; adjusted prevalence ratios were 27 for high-risk, 25 for intermediate-risk, and 10 for low-risk types (95% confidence intervals, 12-58, 12-54, and 4-25, respectively). Much lower adjusted prevalence ratios were seen for the only other factor significantly associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions, namely, infection with human immunodeficiency virus in conjunction with a reduced CD4(+) cell count. Adjusted prevalence ratios were 1.9 for CD4(+) cell counts <200 and 1.6 for CD4(+) cell counts between 200 and 500 (95% confidence intervals, 1.2-3.0 and 1.0-2.5, respectively). Adjusted attributable fractions calculated for this study population indicated that ii both human immunodeficiency virus and human papillomavirus were removed, 47.6% of the observed lesions with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance and 93.4% of the observed squamous intraepithelial lesions would be prevented. CONCLUSION: Squamous intraepithelial lesions are more common among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women and are associated most commonly with high- and intermediate-risk human papillomavirus types and secondarily with human immunodeficiency virus-associated immune compromise. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Montefiore Med Ctr, New York, NY 10033 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Duerr, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Bufford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798] NR 26 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 184 IS 4 BP 584 EP 590 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.111791 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 417NP UT WOS:000167841300011 PM 11262457 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Hasselquist, MB Cardenas, V Zerr, DM Kramer, J Zavitkovsky, A Schuchat, A AF Davis, RL Hasselquist, MB Cardenas, V Zerr, DM Kramer, J Zavitkovsky, A Schuchat, A TI Introduction of the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention group B streptococcal prevention guideline at a large West Coast health maintenance organization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE group B streptococci; guidelines; intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis; perinatal infection ID MULTISTATE SURVEILLANCE ANALYSIS; RISK-FACTORS; STRATEGIES AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the impact of new consensus guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Academy of Pediatrics to prevent perinatal group B streptococcal disease. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a descriptive analysis and a before-and-after analysis of implementation of the group B streptococcal disease prevention guidelines among singleton-birth pregnancies in 2 Group Health Cooperative hospitals from October 1, 1995, through December 31, 1997. We studied the speed and completeness of implementation and the effect on pregnancy care practices including intrapartum antibiotic use, test ordering, and maternal and neonatal health. RESULTS: Guideline implementation occurred rapidly. The proportion of term pregnancies screened according to the guideline increased markedly, and overall intrapartum antibiotic use more than doubled. Among group B streptococci-positive women, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis increased from 24% before to 74% after guideline implementation. Median duration of treatment before delivery increased from 1.8 to 4.3 hours. The rate of rash did not increase, and there were no cases of anaphylaxis or pseudomembranous colitis. The proportion of infants undergoing evaluation decreased after implementation of the neonatal guidelines; among infants of group B streptococci-negative women, test ordering dropped by almost 40%. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the new guidelines is feasible and can be accomplished rapidly. The guidelines were associated with increased maternal intrapartum antibiotic use, particularly among women at highest risk, and with a decrease in laboratory use for infants. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Clin Planning & Improvement Div, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 184 IS 4 BP 603 EP 610 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.110308 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 417NP UT WOS:000167841300014 PM 11262460 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Curns, AT Kaufman, SF Cheek, JE Pinner, RW Schonberger, LB AF Holman, RC Curns, AT Kaufman, SF Cheek, JE Pinner, RW Schonberger, LB TI Trends in infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska natives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; INFANTS; CARE AB Objectives. This study sought to describe trends in hospitalizations associated with infectious diseases among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Methods. Infectious disease hospitalizations and rates among American Indians and Alaska Natives from 1980 through 1994 were examined via Indian Health Service hospital discharge data and compared with published trends for the general US population. Results, Annual hospitalization rates for infectious diseases among American Indians and Alaska Natives decreased by 31.0% between 1980 and 1994. Infectious disease hospitalizations accounted for 16.3% of all hospitalizations in 1980 and 21.2% in 1994, an increase of 30.1%. In 1994, the age-adjusted infectious disease hospitalization rate for American Indians and Alaska Natives was 1863 per 100 000 population, approximately 21% greater than that for the general US population. Conclusions. Hospitalization trends for infectious diseases show that there has been improvement in the health status of American Indians and Alaska Natives but also indicate that this population has a higher infectious disease burden than the general US population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Off Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 91 IS 3 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.3.425 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BL UT WOS:000170345000015 PM 11236408 ER PT J AU Barnett, E Casper, M AF Barnett, E Casper, M TI A definition of "social environment" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 W Virginia Univ, Off Social Environm & Hlth Res, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barnett, E (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Off Social Environm & Hlth Res, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, POB 9190, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Pathak, Elizabeth/H-2683-2013 OI Pathak, Elizabeth/0000-0002-9702-0782 NR 1 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 91 IS 3 BP 465 EP 465 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.3.465a PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BL UT WOS:000170345000024 PM 11249033 ER PT J AU Beeckman, LAF Wang, ML Petsonk, EL Wagner, GR AF Beeckman, LAF Wang, ML Petsonk, EL Wagner, GR TI Rapid declines in FEV1 and subsequent respiratory symptoms, illnesses, and mortality in coal miners in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; LUNG-FUNCTION; DUST EXPOSURE; LONGITUDINAL DECLINE; BUSSELTON HEALTH; PNEUMOCONIOSIS; WORKERS; SMOKING; ADULTS; SPIROMETRY AB Coal mine dust exposure is associated with accelerated loss of lung function. We assessed long-term health outcomes in two groups of underground coal miners who during previous mine surveys had shown either high rates of FEV1 decline (cases, n = 310) or relatively stable lung function (referents, n = 324). Cases and referents were matched initially for age, height, smoking status, and FEV,. We determined vital status for 561 miners, and obtained a follow-up questionnaire for 121 cases and 143 referents. Responses on the follow-up questionnaire were compared with those on the last previous mine health survey questionnaire. Cases showed a greater incidence of symptoms than did referents for cough, phlegm production, Grades II and III dyspnea, and wheezing, and greater incidences than referents of chronic bronchitis and self-reported asthma and emphysema. More cases than referents (15% versus 4%) left mining before retirement because of chest illnesses. After controls were applied for age and smoking, cases had twice the risk of dying of cardiovascular and nonmalignant respiratory diseases and a 3.2-foId greater risk of dying of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than did referents. Rapid declines in FEV1 experienced by some coal miners are associated with subsequent increases in respiratory symptoms, illnesses, and mortality from cardiovascular and nonmalignant respiratory diseases. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Beeckman, LAF (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, M-S 2800-4,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 163 IS 3 BP 633 EP 639 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 419HW UT WOS:000167944100011 PM 11254516 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Warren, M Sullivan, JS Galland, GG AF Collins, WE Warren, M Sullivan, JS Galland, GG TI Plasmodium coatneyi: Observations on periodicity, mosquito infection, and transmission to Macaca mulatta monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PRIMATE MODEL; ROSETTE FORMATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEQUESTRATION; ERYTHROCYTES; CELLS; FASCICULARIS; HEPATOCYTES AB Plasmodium coatneyi has adapted well to experimental studies with Macaca mulatta monkeys and Anopheles dirus mosquitoes. Studies were made to determine 1) the course of asexual parasitemia, 2) periods when infective gametocytes were produced, 3) the laboratory-reared mosquitoes susceptible to infection, 4) the mosquito most capable of transmitting the infection to monkeys via bite, 5) the pattern of recrudescence, and 6) the prepatent periods following the bites of infected An. dirus mosquitoes. The period when infective gametocytes. are produced is concentrated primarily in the first week when parasitemia exceeds 1,000/mul. Mosquitoes were more heavily infected on days when the asexual parasite counts were highest. Gametocyte counts were generally low. Mature forms of the parasite markedly sequestered giving a pattern of high-low periodicity. Anopheles dirus and An. freeborni mosquitoes were nearly equal in terms of their ability to support oocyst development. Other species (An. stephensi, An. maculatus, and An. gambiae,) were less supportive. High sporozoite densities in the salivary glands were frequently produced in An. dirus and sporozoite transmission was obtained via the bites of these mosquitoes after 12-18 days of extrinsic incubation. Prepatent periods ranged from 10 to 15 days. The presence of frequent parasitic recrudescences suggests mechanisms similar to that seen in human infections with P, falciparum. It is proposed that P. coatneyi in M. mulatta monkeys can be a suitable model for studies on cerebral pathology, vaccine efficacy, and the testing of antimalarial drugs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-12,470 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 445UA UT WOS:000169475900001 PM 11442203 ER PT J AU Kuenzi, AJ Douglass, RJ White, D Bond, CW Mills, JN AF Kuenzi, AJ Douglass, RJ White, D Bond, CW Mills, JN TI Antibody to Sin Nombre virus in rodents associated with peridomestic habitats in west central Montana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; DEER MICE; CALIFORNIA; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; ARIZONA AB Most human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are acquired in the peridomestic environment, yet studies of the ecology and infection dynamics in the reservoir host, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), have focused on sylvan populations. We describe a 2.5-year study of hantavirus infection in rodents associated with peridomestic habitats in west central Montana. Antibodies reactive with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) were found in five species. Overall SNV antibody prevalence was highest among deer mice (25% of individuals tested). As has been demonstrated for sylvan populations, the antibody-positive component of the deer mouse population consisted of a higher proportion of adults and males. However, the prevalence of antibodies to SNV was higher in this study than has been reported in most sylvan studies. The average monthly proportion of deer mouse blood samples with antibodies to SNV ranged from approximately 20% to 25% and was highest in the late spring/early summer. The higher SNV antibody prevalence in peridomestic compared with sylvan settings may be related to behavioral differences and/or potentially longer survival of the virus deposited inside buildings. Peridomestic settings presented higher concentrations of virus and may present a higher risk of human infection than do sylvan settings. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Biol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Kuenzi, AJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Biol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 445UA UT WOS:000169475900006 PM 11442208 ER PT J AU Tomashek, KM Woodruff, BA Gotway, CA Bloland, P Mbaruku, G AF Tomashek, KM Woodruff, BA Gotway, CA Bloland, P Mbaruku, G TI Randomized intervention study comparing several regimens for the treatment of moderate anemia among refugee children in Kigoma region, Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SERUM TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; WEEKLY IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; MALARIA INFECTIONS; AFRICAN CHILDREN; INFANTS; TRANSMISSION; DEFICIENCY; INTENSE; DISEASE; RATS AB Anemia-specific mortality was markedly elevated among refugee children < 5 years of age in Tanzania. In a randomized, double-blind study, 215 anemic children were initially treated for malaria and helminth infection and then received 12 weeks of thrice-weekly oral iron and folic acid. Group I received placebo and chloroquine treatment for symptomatic malaria infection (i.e., no presumptive anti malarial treatment given). Group II received placebo and monthly presumptive treatment with sulfamethoxazole-pyrimethamine (SP). Group III also received monthly SP and thrice-weekly vitamins A and C (VAC). Mean hemoglobin concentration increased from 6.6 to 10.2 g/dL, with no significant differences among groups. Group II had lower mean serum transferrin receptor levels (TfR) than group I [P = 0.023]. A greater proportion of participants in group III had normal iron stores (TfR < 8.5 mug/mL) than in group II [P = 0.012]. Initial helminth and malaria treatment. followed by thrice-weekly iron and folic acid supplements resulted in increased hemoglobin levels. Monthly SP and thrice-weekly VAC contributed to improve iron stores. Monthly SP may have a role in situations where asymptomatic disease is prevalent or where access to care is limited. Because administration of VAC also hastened recovery of iron stores over administration of monthly SP alone, health care personnel could add VAC to the treatment fur moderate anemia if maximum recovery of iron stores is desired. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Mwani Reg Hosp, Kigoma, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biometry Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Woodruff, BA (reprint author), CDCP, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F48, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM baw4@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 164 EP 171 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 445UA UT WOS:000169475900011 PM 11442213 ER PT J AU Wolfe, EB Parise, ME Haddix, AC Nahlen, BL Ayisi, JG Misore, A Steketee, RW AF Wolfe, EB Parise, ME Haddix, AC Nahlen, BL Ayisi, JG Misore, A Steketee, RW TI Cost-effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the prevention of malaria-associated low birth weight SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; PLACENTAL MALARIA; INFANT-MORTALITY; RURAL MALAWI; PREGNANCY; INFECTION; ZIDOVUDINE AB Prevention of placental malaria through administration of antimalarial medications to pregnant women in disease-endemic areas decreases the risk of delivery of low birth weight (LBW) infants. In areas of high Plasmodium falciparum transmission, two intermittent presumptive treatment doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy are effective in decreasing the prevalence of placental malaria in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative women, while HIV-positive women may require a monthly SP regimen to reduce their prevalence of placental parasitemia. A decision-analysis model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of three different presumptive SP treatment regimens with febrile case management with SP in terms of incremental cost per case LBW prevented. Factors considered included HIV seroprevalence, placental malaria prevalence, LBW incidence, the cost of SP, medical care for LBW infants, and HIV testing. For a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 pregnant women, the monthly SP regimen would always be the must effective strategy for reducing LBW associated with malaria. The two-dose SP and monthly SP regimens would prevent 172 and 229 cases of LBW, respectively, compared with the case management approach. At HIV seroprevalence rates greater than 10%, the monthly SP regimen is the least expensive strategy. At HIV seroprevalence rates less than 10%, the two-dose SP regimen would be the less expensive option. When only antenatal clinic costs are considered, the two-dose and monthly SP strategies cost US$11 and $14, respectively, well within the range considered cost effective. Presumptive treatment regimens to prevent LBW associated with malaria and the subsequent increased risk: of mortality during the first year of life are effective and cost effective strategies in areas with both elevated HIV prevalence and malaria transmission rates. C1 Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. CDCP, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Parise, ME (reprint author), CDCP, Off Director, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 178 EP 186 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 445UA UT WOS:000169475900013 PM 11442215 ER PT J AU Burt, CW Overpeck, MD AF Burt, CW Overpeck, MD TI Emergency visits for sports-related injuries SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID US CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS AB Study objective: We sought to estimate the effect and magnitude of patients with sports-related injuries presenting to hospital emergency departments in the United States and to examine differences in patient acid visit characteristics between sports- and nonsports-related injuries. Methods: Data from the 1997 and 1998 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national probabilistic sample of 496 US hospital EDs, were combined to examine emergency visits for sports-related injuries. Data from 16,997 sample ED encounter records for injuries that included narrative cause of injury text were analyzed. Narrative text entries were coded to 1 of 84 sport and recreational activity codes. Sample weights were applied to provide annual national estimates. Estimates of sports-related injury visits were based on 1.775 records with an assigned sports-related activity code. Results: There were an average annual estimated 2.6 million emergency visits for sports-related injuries by persons between the ages of 5 and 24 years. They accounted for over 68% of the total 3.7 million sport injuries presented to the ED by persons of all ages. As a proportion of all kinds of injuries presenting to the ED, sports-related injuries accounted for more than one fifth of the visits by persons 5 to 24 years old. The use rate was 33.9 ED visits per 1,000 persons in this age group (95% confidence interval 30.3 to 37.5). The sports-related injury visit rate for male patients was more than double the rate for female patients (48.2 versus 19.2 per 1,000 persons between 5 and 24 years of age). Visits from sports-related activities for this age group were more frequent for basketball and cycling compared with other categories (eg, baseball, skateboarding, gymnastics). Compared with nonsports-related injuries for this age group, sports-related injuries were more likely to be to the brain or skull and upper and lower extremities. Patients with sports-related injuries were more likely to have a diagnosis of fracture and sprain or strain and less likely to have an open wound. They were also more likely to have diagnostic and therapeutic services provided, especially orthopedic care. Conclusion: Sports-related activities by school-age children and young adults produce a significant amount of emergency medical use in the United States. The ED is an appropriate venue to target injury prevention counseling. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Burt, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 952,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 18 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 8 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1067/mem.2001.111707 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 408BK UT WOS:000167306500008 PM 11223767 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Singh, A Limor, J Graczyk, TK Gradus, S Lal, A AF Xiao, LH Singh, A Limor, J Graczyk, TK Gradus, S Lal, A TI Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples of raw surface water and wastewater SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PARVUM OOCYSTS; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SENSITIVE DETECTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DRINKING-WATER; CELL-CULTURE; PCR; GIARDIA AB Recent molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium parasites make it possible to differentiate the human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium parasites from those that do not infect humans and to track the source of Cryptosporidium oocyst contamination in the environment. In this study, we used a small-subunit rRNA-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique to detect and characterize Cryptosporidium oocysts in 55 samples of raw surface water collected from several areas in the United States and 49 samples of raw wastewater collected from Milwaukee, Wis. Cryptosporidium parasites were detected in 25 surface water samples and 12 raw wastewater samples. C. parvum human and bovine genotypes were the dominant Cryptosporidium parasites in the surface water samples from sites where there was potential contamination by humans and cattle, whereas C. andersoni was the most common parasite in wastewater. There may be geographic differences in the distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes in surface water, The PCR-RFLP technique can be a useful alternative method for detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium parasites in water. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. City Milwaukee Publ Hlth Labs, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 32 TC 179 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1097 EP 1101 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1097-1101.2001 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 407HM UT WOS:000167266200011 PM 11229897 ER PT J AU Churchill, JE Ashley, DL Kaye, WE AF Churchill, JE Ashley, DL Kaye, WE TI Recent chemical exposures and blood volatile organic compound levels in a large population-based sample SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE exposure; NHANES III; volatile organic compounds ID PREGNANCY AB Little is known about factors that influence blood levels of volatile organic compounds in nonoccupationally exposed populations. The authors examined the possible relationship between recent self-reported chemical exposures and elevated blood volatile organic compound levels among 982 adult participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A strong dose-response effect was indicated (p < .001) for increasing lifetime pack-years of cigarettes smoked for elevated levels of toluene, styrene, and benzene. A positive dose-response effect was indicated for daily alcohol consumption with respect to elevated blood levels of 2-butanone and acetone. For volatile organic compounds typically found in 10-75% of the population, the establishment of a link with specific environmental exposures is relatively easy because there is less effect of confounding in this group. Some volatile organic compounds, however, are seen in less than 10% of the general population; finding these compounds at any level may warrant a search for a particular exposure. C1 Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Churchill, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 1000, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 56 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 426QR UT WOS:000168360300009 PM 11339680 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Kramarz, P Bohlke, K Benson, P Thompson, RS Mullooly, J Black, S Shinefield, H Lewis, E Ward, J Marcy, SM Eriksen, E Destefano, F Chen, R AF Davis, RL Kramarz, P Bohlke, K Benson, P Thompson, RS Mullooly, J Black, S Shinefield, H Lewis, E Ward, J Marcy, SM Eriksen, E Destefano, F Chen, R CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Measles-mumps-rubella and other measles-containing vaccines do not increase the risk for inflammatory bowel disease - A case-control study from the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CROHNS-DISEASE; VIRUS; INFECTION; ABSENCE AB Context: A link between measles virus-containing vaccines and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been suggested by recent studies. Objective: To address whether receipt or timing of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) increases risk for IBD. Design: A case-control study. Setting: Four large health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that are part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vaccine Safety Datalink project. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 155 persons with codes from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision specific for IBD, born between 1958 and 1989 and enrolled from birth to the onset of disease, were identified. Up to 5 controls were matched by sex, HMO, and birth year. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Risk for IBD, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Results: Past vaccination was not associated with an increased risk for Crohn's disease (odds ratio [OR] for measles-mumps-rubella vaccine [MMR], 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-2.0), ulcerative colitis (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.18-3.56), or IBD (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.21-1.68). Risk for IBD was not increased among children vaccinated who were younger than 12 months (OR for MMR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.15-2.45) or aged 12 to 18 months (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.28-2.59) relative to unvaccinated children. Children vaccinated with MMR who were older than 18 months were at significantly decreased risk for IBD (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.68). Neither past vaccination nor age at vaccination with other MCV was associated with increased risk for Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or IBD. Risk for Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or IBD was not elevated in the time immediately following vaccination with either vaccine. Conclusions: Vaccination with MMR or other MCV, or the timing of vaccination early in life, did not increase the risk for IBD. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Immunizat Studies Program, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser UCLA Vaccine Res Grp, Panorama City, CA USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Immunizat Studies Program, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 22 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 155 IS 3 BP 354 EP 359 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 408JX UT WOS:000167324000006 PM 11231801 ER PT J AU Crespo, CJ Smit, E Troiano, RP Bartlett, SJ Macera, CA Andersen, RE AF Crespo, CJ Smit, E Troiano, RP Bartlett, SJ Macera, CA Andersen, RE TI Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children - Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; GENDER DIFFERENCES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENTS; WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: To examine the relationship between television watching, energy intake, physical activity, and obesity status in US boys and girls, aged 8 to 16 years. Methods: We used a nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and a medical examination, which included measurements of height and weight, daily hours of television watching, weekly participation in physical activity, and a dietary interview. Between 1988 and 1994, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected data on 4069 children. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups. Results: The prevalence of obesity is lowest among children watching 1 or fewer hours of television a day, and highest among those watching 4 or more hours of tele- vision a day. Girls engaged in less physical activity and consumed fewer joules per day than bays. A higher percentage of non-Hispanic white bays reported participating in physical activity 5 or more times per week than any other race/ethnic and sex group. Television watching was positively associated with obesity among girls, even after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, family income, weekly physical activity, and energy intake. Conclusions: As the prevalence of overweight increases, the need to reduce sedentary behaviors and to promote a more active lifestyle becomes essential. Clinicians and public health interventionists should encourage active lifestyles to balance the energy intake of children. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Geriatr Med & Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crespo, CJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Geriatr Med & Gerontol, 4940 Eastern Ave,Suite 025, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012; OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219; Troiano, Richard/0000-0002-6807-989X; Bartlett, Susan/0000-0001-9755-2490 NR 49 TC 418 Z9 435 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 155 IS 3 BP 360 EP 365 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 408JX UT WOS:000167324000007 PM 11231802 ER PT J AU Hudgens, MG Satten, GA Longini, IM AF Hudgens, MG Satten, GA Longini, IM TI Nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for competing risks survival data subject to interval censoring and truncation SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE competing risks; cumulative incidence function; HIV subtypes; interval censoring; nonparametric maximum likelihood; pseudolikelihood; truncation ID COMPUTATION AB We derive the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimate (NPMLE) of the cumulative incidence functions for competing risks survival data subject to interval censoring and truncation. Since the cumulative incidence function NPMLEs give rise to an estimate of the survival distribution which can be undefined over a potentially larger set of regions than the NPMLE of the survival function obtained ignoring failure type, we consider an alternative pseudolikelihood estimator. The methods are then applied to data from a cohort of injecting drug users in Thailand susceptible to infection from HIV-1 subtypes B and E. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hudgens, MG (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI40846, T32-AI07442, R01-AI32042] NR 14 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1441 I ST, NW, SUITE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-2210 USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2001 VL 57 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2001.00074.x PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 409GW UT WOS:000167376900009 PM 11252621 ER PT J AU Milstein, B AF Milstein, B TI The CEFP - Building evaluation capacity SO CANCER PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB The infusion of evaluation activity brought about by the American Cancer Society Collaborative Evaluation Fellows Project (CEFP) is a remarkable contribution to cancer prevention control. Many lessons learned from the CEFP process are potentially: beneficial not only to the American Cancer Society, but also to other organizations that seek to draw upon the success this project. One lesson for organizations that care about effectiveness and accountability is that, when outcomes matter, investments in evaluation become essential. By viewing evaluation in its larger contest within the American Cancer Society, the CEFP delivers more value than the sum of findings from its individual studies. Especially pronounced are the contributions of the CEFP toward. promoting organizational learning, generating useful-products, and forming collaborative partnerships-all of which are requirements for building an effective and sustainable evaluation system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Milstein, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1065-4704 J9 CANCER PRACT JI Cancer Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 9 SU 1 BP S99 EP S102 PG 4 WC Oncology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing SC Oncology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing GA 412LB UT WOS:000167554900018 PM 11912862 ER PT J AU Bock, NN Rogers, T Tapia, JR Herron, GD DeVoe, B Geiter, LJ AF Bock, NN Rogers, T Tapia, JR Herron, GD DeVoe, B Geiter, LJ TI Acceptability of short-course rifampin and pyrazinamide treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among jail inmates SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE correctional institutions; treatment of latent tuberculosis infection ID ISONIAZID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; PRISON; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; SYSTEM; TRIAL AB Study objectives: To determine whether short-course treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide (2RZ) is well tolerated and leads to increased treatment completion among jail inmates, a group who may benefit from targeted testing and treatment for LTBI but for whom completion of greater than or equal to 6 months of isoniazid treatment is difficult because of the short duration of incarceration. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Large, urban county jail. Patients: All inmates admitted to the Fulton County Jail who had positive tuberculin skin test results, normal findings on chest radiography, and expected duration of incarceration of at least 60 days. Intervention: Inmates were offered 2RZ via daily directly observed therapy for 60 doses as an alternative to isoniazid therapy. Measurements and results: We measured the completion of 2RZ treatment and toxicity clue to 2RZ treatment during incarceration. From December 14, 1998, through December 13, 1999, 1,360 new inmates had positive tuberculin skin test results and normal findings on chest radiograph); and 168 new inmates had an expected duration of incarceration of greater than or equal to 60 days. One hundred sixty-six inmates (> 99%) were HIV-negative. Eighty-one inmates (48%) completed 60 doses of 2RZ treatment while incarcerated. Seventy-four inmates (44%) were released before completion. Treatment was stopped in 1 inmate (< 1%) for asymptomatic elevation of asparginine aminotransferase ( 10 times normal) and in 12 inmates (7%) for minor complaints. Twenty-one inmates had completed isoniazid treatment in the lear before the availability of 2RZ, and 9 inmates completed isoniazid treatment in the year during the availability of 2RZ. Conclusions: 2RZ was acceptable to and well tolerated by inmates, and led to a marked increase in the number of inmates completing treatment of LTBI during incarceration. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fulton Cty Sheriffs Dept, Atlanta, GA USA. Fulton Cty Hlth & Wellness Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Sequella Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Bock, NN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 2001 VL 119 IS 3 BP 833 EP 837 DI 10.1378/chest.119.3.833 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 411PE UT WOS:000167507800029 PM 11243965 ER PT J AU Priest, JW Li, A Khan, M Arrowood, MJ Lammie, PJ Ong, CS Roberts, JM Isaac-Renton, J AF Priest, JW Li, A Khan, M Arrowood, MJ Lammie, PJ Ong, CS Roberts, JM Isaac-Renton, J TI Enzyme immunoassay detection of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in longitudinal serum samples from patients with cryptosporidiosis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAST-GUARD CUTTER; PARVUM; OUTBREAK; WATER; INFECTION; OOCYSTS; HUMANS; IGG AB Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes diarrheal illness in a wide range of mammalian hosts, including humans. Characteristic serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to antigens in the 27- and 17-kDa size ranges have been shown to develop after infection, and several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay formats have been used to measure these IgG levels in human serum. Using a collection of serial samples from laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis patients, we compared the results obtained by using two new ELISAs with those obtained with two different Western blot assays. When assayed with the large-format Western blot, 97% of the 67 patients had a demonstrable antibody response on at least one occasion. The Cp23 ELISA correctly identified 93% of the samples that had a 27-kDa response by Western blot and 100% of the negative samples. The Triton antigen ELISA detected 77% of the samples that had a 17-kDa response by Western blot and 88% of the negative samples. The sensitivity of the Triton antigen assay was higher for samples collected between 16 and 92 days after the onset of symptoms (96%). The minigel-format Western blot did not compare favorably with the large-format blot for the detection of antibodies to the 27-kDa antigen (71% sensitivity). A half-life of about 12 weeks was estimated for antibodies to both the 27- and 17-kDa antigens. We believe the Cp23 and Triton antigen ELISAs will be useful in epidemiologic studies of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in the population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Lab Serv, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-13,Bldg 23,Room 1025,4770 Buford High, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.2.415-423.2001 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 409FF UT WOS:000167373300034 PM 11238231 ER PT J AU Gerber, SI Erdman, DD Pur, SL Diaz, PS Segreti, J Kajon, AE Belkengren, RP Jones, RC AF Gerber, SI Erdman, DD Pur, SL Diaz, PS Segreti, J Kajon, AE Belkengren, RP Jones, RC TI Outbreak of adenovirus genome type 7d2 infection in a pediatric chronic-care facility and tertiary-care hospital SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 18-21, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; US-ARMY TRAINEES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOUTH-AMERICA; LIVE TYPE-7; CHILDREN; VACCINES; PNEUMONIA; MILITARY; JAPAN AB An outbreak of adenovirus infection that involved residents of a pediatric chronic-care facility, staff of a tertiary-care hospital, and a nosocomial hospital case was studied. In the pediatric facility, 31 (33%) of 93 residents had adenovirus infection, and 8 died. Risk factors for illness were an age of <7 years (P =.004) presence of a tracheostomy (P=.015), and residence on a particular floor (P<.001). In the tertiary-care hospital, 36 health care workers had adenovirus infection; 26 (72%) had failed to follow strict contact and droplet precautions, and 30 (83%) continued to care for patients while they had symptoms. A 5-month-old patient with underlying lung disease acquired severe adenovirus infection in this hospital. All isolates were adenovirus type 7 (Ad7). DNA restriction analysis revealed the band patterns of all isolates to be identical and characteristic of the genome type d2. Thus, Ad7d2 caused significant morbidity and mortality in persons in the pediatric chronic-care facility and tertiary-care hospital. This is the first published description of Ad7d2 strains in the United States. C1 Westside Ctr Dis Control, Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Gerber, SI (reprint author), Westside Ctr Dis Control, Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, 2160 W Ogden Ave, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 55 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 5 BP 694 EP 700 DI 10.1086/319210 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 406ED UT WOS:000167201200003 PM 11229836 ER PT J AU Rosenstein, NE Emery, KW Werner, SB Kao, A Johnson, R Rogers, D Vugia, D Reingold, A Talbot, R Plikaytis, BD Perkins, BA Hajjeh, RA AF Rosenstein, NE Emery, KW Werner, SB Kao, A Johnson, R Rogers, D Vugia, D Reingold, A Talbot, R Plikaytis, BD Perkins, BA Hajjeh, RA TI Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Kern County, California, 1995-1996 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-16, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID ARIZONA; DISEASE AB Surveillance for coccidioidomycosis (CM) and a case-control study for risk factors among adults were conducted in Kern County, California. From January 1995 through December 1996, 905 cases of CM were identified, for an annual incidence of 86 cases per 100,000 population. A total of 380 adults were enrolled in the case-control study: 77 had severe pulmonary disease, 33 had disseminated disease, and 270 control patients had mild disease. Independent risk factors for severe pulmonary disease included diabetes, recent history of cigarette smoking, income of <$ 15,000 per year, and older age. Oral antifungal therapy before hospitalization was associated with a reduced risk of CM pneumonia. Risk factors for disseminated disease were black race, income of <$ 15,000 per year, and pregnancy. Early treatment of CM with oral antifungal agents may prevent severe pulmonary disease in groups considered to be at high risk, such as elderly individuals, persons with diabetes, and smokers. Persons at risk for severe CM may benefit from vaccination once an effective CM vaccine is available. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. Kern Cty Hlth Dept, Bakersfield, CA USA. Kern Med Ctr, Bakersfield, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Rosenstein, NE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 5 BP 708 EP 714 DI 10.1086/319203 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 406ED UT WOS:000167201200005 PM 11229838 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Ward, JW Hanson, DL Jones, JL Kaplan, JE AF Dworkin, MS Ward, JW Hanson, DL Jones, JL Kaplan, JE CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Pneumococcal disease among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: Incidence, risk factors, and impact of vaccination SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; WEEKLY AZITHROMYCIN; HIV-INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION AB To determine the factors associated with pneumococcal disease (pneumococcal pneumonia or invasive disease) and the impact of pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected persons, we analyzed patient data collected by the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project for person-time between January 1990 and December 1998. Among 39,086 persons with 71,116 person-years (py) of observation, 585 episodes of pneumococcal disease were diagnosed (incidence, 8.2 episodes per 1000 py). Factors associated with an increased risk for pneumococcal disease (P<.05) included injection drug use (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.5) and blood transfusion (RR, 2.0) as the mode of HIV transmission (referent, male-male sex); black race/ethnicity (RR, 1.5; referent, white race); history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining opportunistic illness (RR, 2.1); a CD4(+) cell count of 200-499 cells/L (RR, 2.5) or <200 cells/L (RR, 3.7; referent, CD4(+) cell count of >500 cells/muL); and alcoholism (RR, 2.0). Factors associated with a decreased risk included prescription of antiretroviral therapy (RR for monotherapy, 0.6; for dual therapy, 0.7; for triple therapy, 0.5) and pneumococcal vaccination (RR for persons vaccinated at a CD4(+) cell count of greater than or equal to 500 cells/muL, 0.5). We recommend that pneumococcal vaccine be given to HIV-infected persons before profound immunosuppression has occurred. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, 160 N LaSalle,7 S, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. NR 44 TC 142 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 5 BP 794 EP 800 DI 10.1086/319218 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 406ED UT WOS:000167201200016 PM 11229848 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Garman, RL Liu, G Levine, OS Yang, YH AF Dowell, SF Garman, RL Liu, G Levine, OS Yang, YH TI Evaluation of binax NOW, an assay for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine samples, performed among pediatric patients SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION; CHILDREN AB In our evaluation of a new assay for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine (Binax NOW; Binax), the test result was no more likely to be positive among 88 children with radiographically confirmed pneumonia than among 198 control subjects; however, it was significantly more likely to be positive among children who were nasopharyngeal carriers of pneumococci. This test is not likely to be useful for distinguishing children with pneumococcal pneumonia from those who are merely colonized. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Beijing Childrens Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), CDC, M-S C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 5 BP 824 EP 825 DI 10.1086/319205 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 406ED UT WOS:000167201200021 PM 11229853 ER PT J AU Saydah, SH Eberhardt, MS Loria, CM Brancati, FL AF Saydah, SH Eberhardt, MS Loria, CM Brancati, FL TI Subclinical stales of glucose intolerance and risk of death in the US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; ALL-CAUSE; MORTALITY; TOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; MEN; TOLBUTAMIDE; POPULATION AB OBJECTIVE - Although clinically evident type 2 diabetes is a it ell-established cause of mortality, less is known about subclinical states of glucose intolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study, a prospective study of adults, were analyzed. This analysis focused on a nationally representative sample of 3,174 adults aged 30-75 years who underwent an oral glucose tolerance rest at baseline (1976-1980) and who were followed up for death through 1992. RESULTS - Using 1985 World Health Organization criteria, adults were classified as having previously diagnosed diabetes (n = 248), undiagnosed diabetes (n = 183), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 480), or normal glucose tolerance (n = 2,263). For these groups, cumulative all-cause mortality through age 70 was 41, 34, 27, and 20%, respectively (P < 0.001). Compared with those with normal glucose tolerance, the multivariate adjusted RR of all-cause mortality was greatest for adults with diagnosed diabetes (RR2.11, 95% CI 1.56-2.84), followed by those with undiagnosed diabetes (1.77, 1.13-2.75) and those with IGT(1.42, 1.08-1.87; P < 0.001). A similar pattern of risk was observed For cardiovascular disease mortality. CONCLUSIONS - In the U.S., there was a gradient of mortality associated with abnormal glucose tolerance ranging from a 40% greater risk in adults with IGT to a 110% greater risk in adults with clinically evident diabetes. These associations were independent of established cardiovascular disease risk factors. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Brancati, FL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, 2024 E Monument St,Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL07024-26] NR 31 TC 145 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2001 VL 24 IS 3 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.3.447 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 407KR UT WOS:000167271200007 PM 11289466 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV AF Norris, SL Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV TI Effectiveness of self management training in type 2 diabetes - A systematic review of randomized controlled trials SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID OFFICE-BASED INTERVENTION; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; PATIENT EDUCATION; METABOLIC CONTROL; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; META-ANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR-MODIFICATION; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; HEALTH-EDUCATION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL AB OBJECTIVE - To systematically review the effectiveness of self-management training in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - MEDLINE, Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), and Nursing and Allied Health databases were searched for English-language articles published between 1980 and 1999. Studies were original articles reporting the results of randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness of self-management training in people with type 2 diabetes. Relevant data on study design, population demographics, interventions, outcomes, methodological quality, and external validity were tabulated, interventions were categorized based on educational focus (information, lifestyle behaviors, mechanical skills, and coping skills), and outcomes were classified as knowledge, attitudes, and self-care skills, lifestyle behaviors, psychological outcomes, and quality of life; glycemic control; cardiovascular disease risk factors; and economic measures and health service utilization. RESULTS- A total of 72 studies described in 84 articles were identified for this review. Positive effects of self-management training on knowledge, frequency and accuracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose, self-reported dietary habits, and glycemic control were demonstrated in studies with short follow-up (<6 months). Effects of interventions on lipids, physical activity, weight, and blood pressure were variable. With longer follow-up, interventions that used regular reinforcement throughout Follow-up were sometimes effective in improving glycemic control. Educational interventions that involved patient collaboration may be more effective than didactic interventions in improving glycemic control, weight, and lipid profiles. No studies demonstrated the effectiveness of self-management training on cardiovascular disease-related events or mortality no economic analyses included indirect costs; few studies examined healthcare utilization. Performance, selection, attrition, and detection bias were common in studies reviewed, and external generalizability was often limited. CONCLUSIONS - Evidence supports the effectiveness of self-management training in type 2 diabetes, particularly in the short term. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of self-management interventions on sustained glycemic control, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and ultimately, microvascular and cardiovascular disease and quality of life. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, MS K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 127 TC 880 Z9 917 U1 25 U2 158 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2001 VL 24 IS 3 BP 561 EP 587 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.3.561 PG 27 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 407KR UT WOS:000167271200026 PM 11289485 ER PT J AU Satterfield, D AF Satterfield, D TI Stories connect science to souls SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMERICAN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Hlth Commun Sect, Program Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Satterfield, D (reprint author), 3551 Hickory View Dr, Marietta, GA 30064 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 USA SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 176 EP + DI 10.1177/014572170102700204 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 413LD UT WOS:000167612900003 PM 11913001 ER PT J AU Daley, WR Karpati, A Sheik, M AF Daley, WR Karpati, A Sheik, M TI Needs assessment of the displaced population following the August 1999 earthquake in Turkey SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE Turkey; earthquake; needs assessment; displacement ID CLUSTER-SAMPLING METHOD; DISASTER AB In August 1999 a major earthquake struck north-western Turkey. An assessment followed to identify the immediate needs of the displaced population. A random cluster sample of displaced families living in temporary shelter outside of organised relief camps was designed. Representatives of 230 households from the four communities worse affected by the earthquake were interviewed. Most families lived in makeshift shelters (84 per cent), used bottled water (91 per cent), obtained food from relief organisations (61 per cent), had access to latrines (90 per cent), had a member on routine medication (53 per cent) and obtained information by word of mouth (81 per cent). Many respondents reported having family members who were over the age of 65 (32 per cent) or under age three (20 per cent), who were pregnant (6 per cent), or who had been ill since the earthquake (64 per cent). The greatest immediate need reported by most families was shelter requirements (37 per cent), followed by food (23 per cent) and hygiene requirements (19 per cent). Ten days after the earthquake, basic environmental health needs of food, shelter and hygiene still predominated in this displaced population. Significant portions may have special needs due to age or illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NCEH,Hlth Studies Branch, EHHE,HSB,Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Daley, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NCEH,Hlth Studies Branch, EHHE,HSB,Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Mailstop E-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00162 PG 9 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 406VN UT WOS:000167237000005 PM 11244646 ER PT J AU Solomon, SL AF Solomon, SL TI Special issue - About the 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Solomon, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000001 ER PT J AU Jarvis, WR AF Jarvis, WR TI Infection control and changing health-care delivery systems SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID UNITED-STATES; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; RATES AB In the past, health care was delivered mainly in acute-care facilities. Today, health care is delivered in hospital, outpatient, transitional care, long-term care, rehabilitative care, home, and private office settings. Measures to reduce health-care costs include decreasing the number of hospitals and the length of patient stays, increasing outpatient and home care, and increasing long-term care for the elderly. The home-care industry and managed care have become major providers of health care. The role of specialists in healthcare epidemiology has changed accordingly. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 170 EP 173 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000002 PM 11294699 ER PT J AU Kritchevsky, SB Braun, BI Wong, ES Solomon, SL Steele, L Richards, C Simmons, BP AF Kritchevsky, SB Braun, BI Wong, ES Solomon, SL Steele, L Richards, C Simmons, BP CA EPIC Study Grp TI Impact of hospital care on incidence of bloodstream infection: The evaluation of processes and indicators in infection control study SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID ADJUSTMENT; PREVENTION; RATES AB The Evaluation of Processes and Indicators in Infection Control (EPIC) study assesses the relationship between hospital care and rates of central venous catheter-associated primary bacteremia in 54 intensive-care units (ICUs) in the United States and 14 other countries. Using ICU rather than the patient as the primary unit of statistical analysis permits evaluation of factors that vary at the ICU level. The design of EPIC can serve as a template for studies investigating the relationship between process and event rates across healthcare institutions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Program Epidemiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Joint Commiss Accreditat Healthcare Org, Oakbrook Terrace, IL USA. McGuire Vet Adm Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Methodist Hlth Syst, Memphis, TN USA. RP Kritchevsky, SB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Program Epidemiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RI ROBERT, Jerome/C-3993-2011 OI ROBERT, Jerome/0000-0002-9380-0570 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000007 PM 11294704 ER PT J AU Dykewicz, CA AF Dykewicz, CA TI Hospital infection control in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID NOSOCOMIAL ASPERGILLOSIS; OUTBREAK; CONSTRUCTION; GUIDELINE; RISK; PREVENTION; DISEASE AB Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients contains a section on hospital infection control including evidence-based recommendations regarding ventilation, construction, equipment, plants, play areas and toys, health-care workers, visitors, patient skin and oral care, catheter-related infections, drug-resistant organisms, and specific nosocomial infections. These guidelines are intended to reduce the number and severity of hospital infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dykewicz, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000023 PM 11294720 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM AF Donlan, RM TI Biofilms and device-associated infections SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; IN-VITRO; CIPROFLOXACIN; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; EFFICACY; GROWTH AB Microorganisms commonly attach to living and nonliving surfaces, including those of indwelling medical devices, and form biofilms made up of extracellular polymers. In this state, microorganisms are highly resistant to antimicrobial treatment and are tenaciously bound to the surface. To better understand and control biofilms on indwelling medical devices, researchers should develop reliable sampling and measurement techniques, investigate the role of biofilms in antimicrobial drug resistance, and establish the link between biofilm contamination and patient infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 455 Z9 470 U1 5 U2 56 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 277 EP 281 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000026 PM 11294723 ER PT J AU Scott, RD Solomon, SL McGowan, JE AF Scott, RD Solomon, SL McGowan, JE TI Applying economic principles to health care SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA AB Applying economic thinking to an understanding of resource use in patient care is challenging given the complexities of delivering health care in a hospital. Health-care markets lack the characteristics needed to determine a "market" price that reflects the economic value of resources used. However. resource allocation in a hospital can be analyzed by using production theory to determine efficient resource use. The information provided by hospital epidemiologists is critical to understanding health-care production processes used by a hospital and developing economic incentives to promote antibiotic effectiveness and infection control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Scott, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 282 EP 285 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000027 PM 11294724 ER PT J AU Gaynes, R Richards, C Edwards, J Emori, TG Horan, T Alonso-Echanove, J Fridkin, S Lawton, R Peavy, G Tolson, J AF Gaynes, R Richards, C Edwards, J Emori, TG Horan, T Alonso-Echanove, J Fridkin, S Lawton, R Peavy, G Tolson, J CA NNIS System Hosp TI Feeding back surveillance data to prevent hospital-acquired infections SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID REPORTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SURGICAL WOUND-INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISCHARGE; SYSTEM; RISK; CARE AB We describe the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system. Elements of the system critical for successful reduction of nosocomial infection rates include voluntary participation and confidentiality; standard definitions and protocols; identification of populations at high risk; site-specific, risk-adjusted infection rates comparable across institutions; adequate numbers of trained infection control professionals; dissemination of data to health-care providers; and a link between monitored rates and prevention efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 120 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000030 PM 11294727 ER PT J AU Richards, C Emori, TG Peavy, G Gaynes, R AF Richards, C Emori, TG Peavy, G Gaynes, R TI Promoting quality through measurement of performance and response: Prevention success stories SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID IMPROVEMENT; CARE; EXPERIENCE AB Successful efforts to prevent health-care acquired infections occur daily in U.S. hospitals. However, few of these "success stories" are presented in the medical literature or discussed at professional meetings. Key components of successful prevention efforts include multidisciplinary teams, appropriate educational interventions, and data dissemination to clinical staff. C1 CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richards, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, NCID, Mailstop A07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 299 EP 301 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000031 PM 11294728 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Reller, LE AF Archibald, LK Reller, LE TI Clinical microbiology in developing countries SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; CULTURES AB We review the problem of limited microbiology resources in developing countries. We then demonstrate the feasibility of a cohort-based approach to integrate microbiology, epidemiology, and clinical medicine to survey emerging infections in these countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop A35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 302 EP 305 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000032 PM 11294729 ER PT J AU Richet, HM Mohammed, J McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR AF Richet, HM Mohammed, J McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR CA INSPEAR TI Building communication networks: International network for the study and prevention of emerging antimicrobial resistance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS CONTROL; SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; CEPHALOSPORINS; ACINETOBACTER; INFECTIONS; EXPERIENCE; HOSPITALS AB The global nature of antimicrobial resistance and the failure to control the emergence of resistant organisms demand the implementation of a global surveillance program involving both developed and developing countries. Because of the urgent need for infection control interventions and for rapid distribution of information about emerging organisms, we initiated the International Network for the Study and Prevention of Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance (INSPEAR). Its main objectives are to serve as an early warning system for emerging antimicrobial-drug resistant pathogens, to facilitate rapid distribution of information about emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens to hospitals and public health authorities worldwide, and to serve as a model for the development and implementation of infection control interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Hlth Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Richet, HM (reprint author), CHU Nantes, Hop Nantes, Inst Biol, F-44093 Nantes 01, France. NR 19 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000035 PM 11294732 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Biddle, JW Lancaster, MV AF Tenover, FC Biddle, JW Lancaster, MV TI Increasing resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides in Staphylococcus aureus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; BLOOD CULTURES; BACTEREMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOSPITALS; STRAIN; INFECTIONS; PATIENT; TEICOPLANIN; EMERGENCE AB Strains of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides have been reported from Japan, the United States, Europe, and the Far East. Although isolates with homogeneous resistance to vancomycin (MICs = 8 mug/mL) continue to be rare, there are increasing reports of strains showing heteroresistance, often with vancomycin MICs in the 1-4 mug/mL range. Most isolates with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin appear to have developed from preexisting methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. Many of the isolates with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides have been associated with therapeutic failures with vancomycin. Although nosocomial spread of the vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains has not been observed in U.S. hospitals, spread of VISA strains has apparently occurred in Japan. Broth microdilution tests held a full 24 hours are optimal for detecting resistance in the laboratory; however, methods for detecting heteroresistant strains are still in flux. Disk-diffusion tests, including the Stokes method, do not detect VISA strains. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other groups have issued recommendations regarding appropriate infection control procedures for patients infected with these strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bright Ideas, Monterey, CA USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 51 TC 241 Z9 262 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000037 PM 11294734 ER PT J AU Platt, R Caldwell, B AF Platt, R Caldwell, B TI Can managed health care help manage health care-associated infections? SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID TUBERCULOSIS AB Managed-care organizations have a unique opportunity, still largely unrealized, to collaborate with health-care providers and epidemiologists to prevent health care-associated infections. Several attributes make these organizations logical collaborators for infection control programs: they have responsibility for defined populations of enrollees and for their overall health, including preventive care; they possess unique data resources about their members and their care; and they are able to make systemwide changes in care. Health care-associated infections merit the attention and effort of managed-care organizations because these infections are common, incur substantial illness and costs, and can be effectively prevented by using methods that are unevenly applied in different health-care settings. Both national and local discussions will be required to enable the most effective and efficient collaborations between managed care organizations and health-care epidemiologists. It will be important to articulate clear goals and standards that can be readily understood and widely adopted. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Platt, R (reprint author), 126 Brookline Ave,Suite 200, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 358 EP 362 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000043 PM 11294740 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Health-care quality promotion through infection prevention: Beyond 2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA AB Health-care value purchasing, complex health-care systems, and information technology are the three most important change drivers influencing the interrelated themes of the 4th decennial conference: accountability, quality promotion through infection prevention across the health-care delivery system, and medical informatics. Among the change drivers influencing themes of future conferences may be a societal mandate for health promotion and health-care access for all. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 422HG UT WOS:000168112000044 PM 11294741 ER PT J AU Reiter, P AF Reiter, P TI Climate change and mosquito-borne disease SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE Aedes aegypti; anopheles; climate change; dengue; global warming; malaria; mosquito; public health; vector; yellow fever ID YELLOW-FEVER EPIDEMIC; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; GLOBAL CLIMATE; HEALTH; FUTURE; AFRICA; VECTOR; DENGUE AB Global atmospheric temperatures are presently in a warming phase that began 250-300 years ago. Speculations on the potential impact of continued warming on human health often focus on mosquito-borne diseases. Elementary models suggest that higher global temperatures will enhance their transmission rates and extend their geographic ranges. However, the histories of three such diseases-malaria, yellow fever, and dengue-reveal that climate has rarely been the principal determinant of their prevalence or range: human activities and their impact on local ecology have generally been much more significant. It Is therefore inappropriate to use climate-based models to predict future prevalence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM preiter@cdc.gov NR 186 TC 278 Z9 293 U1 30 U2 154 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 109 SU 1 BP 141 EP 161 DI 10.2307/3434853 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 412KQ UT WOS:000167553900013 PM 11250812 ER PT J AU Ostro, B Lipsett, M Mann, J Braxton-Owens, H White, M AF Ostro, B Lipsett, M Mann, J Braxton-Owens, H White, M TI Air pollution and exacerbation of asthma in African-American children in Los Angeles SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; asthma; children; race; particulate matter; fungi; pollens; environmental exposure ID EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; OZONE EXPOSURE; PM10 POLLUTION; ACID AEROSOLS; SYMPTOMS; SEVERITY; ADMISSIONS; CALIFORNIA AB Significant increases in asthma morbidity and mortality in the United States have occurred since the 1970s, particularly among African-Americans. Exposure to various environmental factors, including air pollutants and allergens, has been suggested as a partial explanation of these trends. To examine relations between several air pollutants and asthma exacerbation in African Americans, we recruited a panel of 138 children in central Los Angeles. We recorded daily data on respiratory symptoms and medication use for 13 weeks and examined these data in conjunction with data on ozone (O-3) nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), meteorological variables, pollens, and molds. Using generalized estimating equations, we found associations between respiratory symptom occurrence and several environmental factors. For example, new episodes of cough were associated with exposure to PM10 (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.12-1.39; interquartile range [IQR] = 17 mug/m(3), 24-hour average), PM2.5 (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.03-1.18; IQR = 30 mug/m(3), 12-hour average), NO2, and the molds Cladosporium and Alternaria, but not with exposure to O-3 or pollen. The factors PM10 and O-3 were associated with the use of extra asthma medication. For this population several bioaerosols and air pollutants had effects that may be clinically significant. C1 Calif Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Air Pollut Epidemiol Unit, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Calif Publ Hlth Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ostro, B (reprint author), Calif Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Air Pollut Epidemiol Unit, 1515 Clay St,16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 FU PHS HHS [U60/CCU908048-03-1] NR 28 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 25 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2001 VL 12 IS 2 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1097/00001648-200103000-00012 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 405CJ UT WOS:000167139400012 PM 11246581 ER PT J AU Kasprzyk, D Montano, DE St Lawrence, JS Phillips, WR AF Kasprzyk, D Montano, DE St Lawrence, JS Phillips, WR TI The effects of variations in mode of delivery and monetary incentive on physicians' responses to a mailed survey assessing STD practice patterns SO EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS LA English DT Article ID FAMILY PHYSICIANS; FOLLOW-UP; RATES; METAANALYSIS AB High response rates from physicians are key to obtaining valid and generalizable data regarding their sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis, treatment, and control practices. A factorial (3 x 2) study was designed using varying cash incentives ($0, $15, $25) and delivery modes (Federal Express, U.S. mail). Surveys, with three follow-up mailings, were sent to a national probability sample of 311 physicians in OB-GYN, family practice, internal and emergency medicine, and pediatrics specialties. Overall, 156 physicians returned completed surveys (56% overall response rare). Significant effects for incentive level (F = 28.2, df = 2, p <.01) and delivery mode (F = 4.1, df = 1, p <.05) existed. Highest response was among physicians in the $25-FedEx condition (81%). High response rates from busy practicing physicians can be achieved if surveys are relevant to clinical practice, sponsored by a reputable organization (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), include a monetary incentive, and are delivered by courier. C1 Battelle, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kasprzyk, D (reprint author), Battelle, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 FU PHS HHS [200-96-0599] NR 20 TC 37 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0163-2787 J9 EVAL HEALTH PROF JI Eval. Health Prof. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1177/01632780122034740 PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 403EA UT WOS:000167028600001 PM 11233582 ER PT J AU Brown, AS Gwinn, M Cogswell, ME Khoury, MJ AF Brown, AS Gwinn, M Cogswell, ME Khoury, MJ TI Hemochromatosis-associated morbidity in the United States: An analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1979-1997 SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hemochromatosis; hospitalizations; iron overload; population-based; National Hospital Discharge Survey ID HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; MORTALITY; GENE AB Purpose: The recent discovery of the HFE gene and its association with hereditary hemochromatosis has renewed the attention directed to iron-overload diseases. Population screening for hereditary hemochromatosis is under debate, and population-based estimates of morbidity associated with hereditary hemochromatosis are needed. The purpose of this study is to estimate the number of hemochromatosis-associated hospitalizations in the United States using a population-based dataset. Methods: National Hospital Discharge Survey and census data were used to estimate hemochromatosis-associated hospitalization rates for persons 18 years of age and over. Results: From 1979 through 1997, the rate of hemochromatosis-associated hospitalizations was 2.3 per 100,000 persons in the United States. The rate among persons 60 years of age and over increased more than 60% during this time period. Conclusion: The increase in the rate of hereditary hemochromatosis-associated hospitalizations among older persons is consistent with recent trends in mortality data and may reflect the rising awareness of iron-overload disorders in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brown, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Mailstop K-28,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 2 BP 109 EP 111 DI 10.1097/00125817-200103000-00004 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 472WH UT WOS:000171007600004 PM 11280947 ER PT J AU Jenkins, J Blitzer, M Boehm, K Feetham, S Gettig, E Johnson, A Lapham, EV Patenaude, AF Reynolds, PP Guttmacher, AE AF Jenkins, J Blitzer, M Boehm, K Feetham, S Gettig, E Johnson, A Lapham, EV Patenaude, AF Reynolds, PP Guttmacher, AE TI Recommendations of core competencies in genetics essential for all health professionals SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEED C1 NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1097/00125817-200103000-00011 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 472WH UT WOS:000171007600009 ER PT J AU Soucie, JM Symons, J Evatt, B Brettler, D Huszti, H Linden, J AF Soucie, JM Symons, J Evatt, B Brettler, D Huszti, H Linden, J CA Hemophilia Surveillance System Pro TI Home-based factor infusion therapy and hospitalization for bleeding complications among males with haemophilia SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE bleeding disorder; haemophilia; home factor infusion; hospitalization; public health; surveillance ID ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; FACTOR-VIII; HEMOPHILIA; CARE; EFFICACY; PATIENT AB Information from the medical records of 2650 US males with haemophilia living in six states was used to examine the influence of infusing factor concentrate at home (home therapy) and other variables on rates of hospitalization for a haemorrhagic bleeding complication (HBC) over a 4-year period. Bleeding complications included actual and suspected haemorrhagic events but excluded elective admissions for procedures necessitated by haemorrhage (e.g. joint synovectomy). Other risk determinants considered in the analyses included age, race, employment status, health insurance type, care received in federally funded haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs), factor deficiency type and severity, amount of factor prescribed, prophylactic treatment, and presence of inhibitors at baseline. Survival analysis methods were used to evaluate relationships between baseline risk factors and subsequent hospitalization rates. During 8708 person years (PYs) of follow-up, 808 subjects (30.5%) had 3 total of 1847 bleeding-related hospitalizations; an overall rate of 21.2 admissions per 100 PYs. Using proportional hazards regression to adjust for all of the studied factors, we found that home therapy use (among residents of four of the states) and care in HTCs were independently associated with a decreased risk for a first HBC. Patients who had government-sponsored health insurance or who had no insurance, those of minority race or ethnicity, those with higher levels of factor use, and those with inhibitors were at increased HBC risk. We conclude that the use of home therapy and receipt of care in HTCs are each associated with a substantially lower risk for HBC among males with haemophilia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. UMassMem Healthcare, Worcester, MA USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Blood & Tissue Resources Program, Albany, NY USA. RP Soucie, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2001.00484.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 415PZ UT WOS:000167733000010 PM 11260280 ER PT J AU Kahler, CM Blum, E Miller, YK Ryan, D Popovic, T Stephens, DS AF Kahler, CM Blum, E Miller, YK Ryan, D Popovic, T Stephens, DS TI exl, an exchangeable genetic island in Neisseria meningitidis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGENIC NEISSERIA; SEROGROUP-C; GONORRHOEAE; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFERRIN; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE AB The genetic structure and evolution of a novel exchangeable meningococcal genomic island was defined for the important human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, In 125 meningococcal strains tested, one of three unrelated nucleotide sequences, designated exl (exchangeable locus), was found between a gene required for heme utilization, hemO, and col, encoding a putative Escherichia coli collagenase homologue. The 5' boundary of each exl cassette was the stop codon of hemO, whereas the 3' boundary was delineated by a 33-bp repeat containing neisserial uptake sequences located downstream of col. One of the three alternative exl cassettes contained the meningococcal hemoglobin receptor gene, hmbR (exl3), In other meningococcal strains, hmbR was absent from the genome and was replaced by either a nucleotide sequence containing a novel open reading frame, exl2, or a cassette containing exl3. The proteins encoded by exl2 and exl3 had no significant amino acid homology to HmbR but contained six motifs that are also present in the lipoprotein components of the lactoferrin (LbpB), transferrin (TbpB), and hemoglobin-haptoglobin (HpuA) uptake systems. To determine the evolutionary relationships among meningococci carrying hmbR, exl2, or exl3, isolates representing 92 electrophoretic types were examined. hmbR was found throughout the population structure of N. meningitidis (genetic distance, >0.425), whereas exl2 and exl3 were found in clonal groups at genetic distances of <0.2. The commensal neisserial species were identified as reservoirs for all of the exl cassettes found in meningococci. The structure of these cassettes and their correlation with clonal groups emphasize the extensive gene pool and frequent horizontal DNA transfer events that contribute to the evolution and virulence of N. meningitidis. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. State Univ W Georgia, Carrollton, GA USA. RP Kahler, CM (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-33517, R01 AI033517] NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1687 EP 1696 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1687-1696.2001 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 404GZ UT WOS:000167090200061 PM 11179344 ER PT J AU Grohskopf, LA Maki, DG Sohn, AH Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR Goldmann, DA AF Grohskopf, LA Maki, DG Sohn, AH Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR Goldmann, DA TI Reality check: Should we use vancomycin for the prophylaxis of intravascular catheter-associated infections? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; PREVENTION; SEPSIS; COLONIZATION; MULTICENTER; CANCER; STAY AB The use of intravascular catheters is associated with increased risk of bloodstream infections, principally caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. This "Reality Check" session, held at the 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections, focused on the question of whether, and in what manner, vancomycin should be used for the prophylaxis of these infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Childrens Hosp, Infect Control Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Grohskopf, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 176 EP 179 DI 10.1086/501887 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 413MV UT WOS:000167616700011 PM 11310698 ER PT J AU Chen, RT DeStefano, F Pless, R Mootrey, G Kramarz, P Hibbs, B AF Chen, RT DeStefano, F Pless, R Mootrey, G Kramarz, P Hibbs, B TI Challenges and controversies in immunization safety SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; UNITED-STATES; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MACROPHAGIC MYOFASCIITIS; PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; ADVERSE EVENTS AB No vaccine is perfectly safe or effective. As diseases such as diphtheria and polio fade, vaccine safety concerns, especially alleged links between vaccinations and several chronic illnesses, have become increasingly prominent in the media and to the Public. This article reviews the current scientific evidence on several recent vaccine safety controversies. It also provides information on how various safety research is conducted, some of the concurrent challenges, and finally, some guidance on communicating with patients on vaccine risks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 99 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 21 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70266-X PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 418HY UT WOS:000167885900004 PM 11301817 ER PT J AU Sutter, PW Tangermann, RH Aylward, PB Cochi, SL AF Sutter, PW Tangermann, RH Aylward, PB Cochi, SL TI Poliomyelitis eradication: Progress, challenges for the end game, and preparation for the post-eradication era SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; POLIO ERADICATION; WILD POLIOVIRUS; VACCINE; REPLICATION; EVOLUTION; DISEASE AB In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. Dramatic progress toward this goal has occurred-three of the six regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) (region of the Americas, European region, and Western Pacific region), are now polio-free. Intensified efforts are currently underway to reach the target as soon as possible after the year 2000 in the three remaining polio-endemic WHO regions (African region, Eastern Mediterranean region, and South-East Asia region). Increasing attention and research efforts are now devoted to the certification of polio eradication in the polio-free regions (including the laboratory containment of poliovirus), and formulating a policy for stopping all polio vaccination once eradication and global certification have been achieved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Informat Serv E34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Sutter, PW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Informat Serv E34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 41 EP + PG 25 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 418HY UT WOS:000167885900005 ER PT J AU Rosenstein, NE Fischer, M Tappero, JW AF Rosenstein, NE Fischer, M Tappero, JW TI Meningococcal vaccines SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; GROUP-B POLYSACCHARIDE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-C; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; GROUP-A; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; VESICLE VACCINE AB Global control and prevention of meningococcal disease depends on the further development of vaccines that overcome the Limitations of the current polysaccharide vaccines. Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines likely will address the marginal protective antibody responses and short duration of immunity in young children derived from the A, C, T, and W-135 capsular polysaccharides, but they will be expensive to produce and purchase and may not offer a practical solution to the countries with greatest need. In addition, outer membrane proteins vaccines have been tested extensively in humans and hold some promise in the development of a serogroup B vaccine but are Limited by the antigenic variability of these subcapsular antigens and the resulting strain-specific protection. Elimination of meningococcal disease likely will require a novel approach to vaccine development, ideally incorporating a safe and effective antigen or antigens common to all meningococcal serogroups. As a solely human pathogen, however, N. meningitidis has developed many teals with which to evade the human immune system and likely will pose a formidable challenge for years to come. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rosenstein, NE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 90 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 155 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70273-7 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 418HY UT WOS:000167885900011 PM 11301813 ER PT J AU Dennehy, PH Bresee, JS AF Dennehy, PH Bresee, JS TI Rotavirus vaccine and intussusception - Where do we go from here? SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; TETRAVALENT RHESUS-HUMAN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIARRHEAL DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; REASSORTANT VACCINE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PROLONGED EFFICACY; US CHILDREN AB Since the discovery of rotavirus in 1973, vaccine technology has moved from the use of monovalent attenuated animal rotavirus strains to the development of multivalent human-animal reassortment vaccines. The first Licensed vaccine, a rhesus-human tetravalent vaccine, was licensed in 1998. This vaccine was withdrawn from the market a year later when it was noted that administration of vaccine was associated with an increased risk of intussusception. The future of rotavirus vaccine is dependent on the reasons for this association that have yet to be discovered. C1 Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02903 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dennehy, PH (reprint author), Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM pdennehy@lifespan.org OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 189 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70275-0 PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 418HY UT WOS:000167885900013 PM 11301815 ER PT J AU Morgan, UM Monis, PT Xiao, LH Limor, J Sulaiman, I Raidal, S O'Donoghue, P Gasser, R Murray, A Fayer, R Blagburn, BL Lal, AA Thompson, RCA AF Morgan, UM Monis, PT Xiao, LH Limor, J Sulaiman, I Raidal, S O'Donoghue, P Gasser, R Murray, A Fayer, R Blagburn, BL Lal, AA Thompson, RCA TI Molecular and phylogenetic characterisation of Cryptosporidium from birds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; birds; finch; 18S rRNA; HSP-70; species ID INTESTINAL PASSAGE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PARVUM; CHICKENS; BAILEYI; OOCYSTS; GENE; MELEAGRIDIS; VIABILITY; PROTEIN AB Avian isolates of Cryptosporidium species from different geographic locations were sequenced at two loci, the 18S rRNA gene and the heat shock gene (HSP-70). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data provided support for the existence of a new avian species of Cryptosporidium infecting finches and a second species infecting a black duck. The identity of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium meleagridis as valid species was confirmed. Also, C. baileyi was identified in a number of isolates from the brown quail extending the host range of this species. (C) 2001 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Murdoch Univ, World Hlth Org, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotech Ctr, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Australian Water Qual Ctr, Microbiol Unit, Bolivar, SA 5110, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Murdoch Univ, Div Clin Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Morgan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, World Hlth Org, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Raidal, Shane/C-4632-2008; Monis, Paul/B-8539-2011; O'Donoghue, Peter/G-1043-2011; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Monis, Paul/0000-0002-9052-4742 NR 33 TC 118 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00164-8 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 413TH UT WOS:000167627700008 PM 11226456 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Talkington, DF Thacker, WL Brown, MB Dillehay, DL Tully, JG AF Brown, DR Talkington, DF Thacker, WL Brown, MB Dillehay, DL Tully, JG TI Mycoplasma microti sp nov., isolated from the respiratory tract of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mycoplasma; rodent; prairie vole; respiratory tract AB Mycoplasmas were isolated from the respiratory tracts of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). This paper presents biochemical, serological and molecular genetic characterizations of those organisms and proposes a new species, Mycoplasma microti sp. nov. The type strain of Mycoplasma microti is strain IL371(T) (ATCC 700935(T)). C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Anim Resources, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIAID, Mycoplasma Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 51 BP 409 EP 412 PN 2 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 413QD UT WOS:000167622500016 PM 11321086 ER PT J AU Dale, JW Brittain, D Cataldi, AA Cousins, D Crawford, JT Driscoll, J Heersma, H Lillebaek, T Quitugua, T Rastogi, N Skuce, RA Sola, C Van Soolingen, D Vincent, V AF Dale, JW Brittain, D Cataldi, AA Cousins, D Crawford, JT Driscoll, J Heersma, H Lillebaek, T Quitugua, T Rastogi, N Skuce, RA Sola, C Van Soolingen, D Vincent, V TI Spacer oligonucleotide typing of bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: recommendations for standardised nomenclature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; spoligotyping; epidemiology ID STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; IS6110; ORIGIN AB Spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) is widely used for differentiation of bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. However, the absence of any standardised method for concise description of spoligotypes makes it difficult to compare the results from different laboratories. This paper describes unambiguous, interconvertible systems for the designation of spoligotype patterns, the adoption of which will be beneficial to mycobacterial research. C1 Univ Surrey, Sch Biol Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. INTA, Inst Biotecnol, CICVyA, Los Reseros y Los Cabana, Hurlingham, Argentina. Agr Western Australia, Australian Reference Lab Bovine TB, S Perth, WA, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Rijksinst Volksgezondheid Milieuhyg, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Statens Serum Inst, Int Reference Lab Mycobacteriol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Texas Ctr Infect Dis, Mol Mycobacteriol Lab, Dept Clin Invest, San Antonio, TX USA. Inst Pasteur Guadeloupe, TB & Mycobacteria Unit, Morne Joliviere, Pointe A Pitre, Guadeloupe. Inst Pasteur, Lab Reference Mycobacteries, Paris, France. RP Dale, JW (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Sch Biol Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. OI Rastogi, Nalin/0000-0002-7199-7747 NR 13 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 5 IS 3 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QF UT WOS:000168359300004 PM 11326819 ER PT J AU Kinney, RM Huang, CYH AF Kinney, RM Huang, CYH TI Development of new vaccines against dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis SO INTERVIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE flaviviridae; flavivirus; vaccine; dengue virus; Japanese encephalitis virus; RNA virus; DNA vaccine; chimeric virus; infectious cDNA clone ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; LETHAL JEV INFECTION; FLAVIVIRUS CROSS-REACTIVITY; WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN GENES; IMMEDIATE-TYPE REACTIONS; LIVE-ATTENUATED VACCINE; 5' NONCODING REGION AB Mosquito-borne dengue (DEN) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) viruses are the leading causes of arthropod-transmitted viral disease in humans. A licensed tetravalent vaccine that provides effective, long-term immunity against all four serotypes of DEN virus is needed, but is currently unavailable. Improvements to currently available JE vaccines are also needed. Past and recent strategies for the development of new DEN and JE vaccines include inactivated and live attenuated viruses, engineered viruses and chimeric viruses derived from infectious cDNA clones of DEN or JE virus, recombinant poxviruses, recombinant baculoviruses, protein expression in Escherichia coli, and naked DNA vaccines. This report summarizes some of the recent developments in DEN and JE vaccinology, particularly vaccine strategies that involve live attenuated viruses, engineered viruses derived from infectious cDNA clones, and naked DNA vaccines. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 US Dept HHS, CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kinney, RM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 189 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-5526 J9 INTERVIROLOGY JI Intervirology PD MAR-JUN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 176 EP 197 DI 10.1159/000050045 PG 22 WC Virology SC Virology GA 464JU UT WOS:000170530100013 PM 11509879 ER PT J AU Eberhard, J Trilling, D Barr, RA Dellinger, A Wagner, E Foley, DJ AF Eberhard, J Trilling, D Barr, RA Dellinger, A Wagner, E Foley, DJ TI Older drivers SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Off Res & Traffic Records, Washington, DC 20590 USA. US Dept Transportat, Off Secretary, Washington, DC USA. NIA, Off Extramural Act, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Eberhard, J (reprint author), Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Off Res & Traffic Records, Washington, DC 20590 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 492MK UT WOS:000172172000015 ER PT J AU Lifson, AR Halcon, LL Hannan, P St Louis, ME Hayman, CR AF Lifson, AR Halcon, LL Hannan, P St Louis, ME Hayman, CR TI Screening for sexually transmitted infections among economically disadvantaged youth in a national job training program SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted diseases; adolescents; chlamydia; gonorrhea; syphilis ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; HEALTH-CARE; ADOLESCENTS; MALES AB Purpose: To evaluate results of screening for syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia among youth in a federally funded job training program. Methods: Data were evaluated from medical records of 12,881 randomly selected students in 54 U.S. job training centers during 1996. The intake medical evaluation includes serologic testing for syphilis. The policy was for females to receive a pelvic examination with gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and for males to be first screened with a urine leukocyte esterase (LE) assay, with follow-up gonorrhea and chlamydia testing for those with positive LE results. Results: Adjusting for our sampling strategy, among females, an estimated 9.2% had a positive chlamydia test, 2.7% a positive gonorrhea test, and 0.4% had a positive syphilis test. Gonorrhea and chlamydia rates among females were highest in African-American followed by Native American students. Chlamydia infection was most common in younger women less than or equal to 17 years of age. An estimated 0.1% of males had a positive syphilis test, and 4.8% of males a positive urine LE test. Of 103 LE-positive males tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia, only 27 (26%) had a positive test for one of these STDs. Conclusions: Our study supports routine screening of adolescents for gonorrhea and chlamydia, including those youth from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Because individuals from such backgrounds may not regularly interact with traditional clinical health care systems, screening and treatment should be offered in alternative settings, such as the job training program described in this study. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2001. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept Labor, Job Corps, Washington, DC 20210 USA. RP Lifson, AR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, MMC-250,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00165-8 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 405HK UT WOS:000167153800006 PM 11226841 ER PT J AU Everett, SA Shults, RA Barrios, LC Sacks, JJ Lowry, R Oeltmann, J AF Everett, SA Shults, RA Barrios, LC Sacks, JJ Lowry, R Oeltmann, J TI Trends and subgroup differences in transportation-related injury risk and safety behaviors among high school students, 1991-1997 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE seat belts; helmets; drinking and driving; youth; adolescents; gender differences ID HELMET USE; UNITED-STATES; BICYCLE; DRIVERS; HEAD; LAWS AB Purpose: To examine national trends in transportation-related injury risk and safety behaviors among U.S. high school students. Methods: To examine secular trends in riding with a driver who had been drinking, driving after drinking, and using seat belts, bicycle helmets, and motorcycle helmets, we used logistic regression to analyze data from national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) conducted in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997. The YRBS is a self-administered, anonymous survey that uses a national probability sample of U.S. students in public and private schools from grades 9-12 (N = 55,734 for all years combined). Results: The percentages of students who rode with a driver who had been drinking (36.6% in 1997), drove after drinking alcohol (16.9% in 1997), always wore seat belts (33.2% in 1997), and always wore a motorcycle helmet when riding a motorcycle (45.0% in 1997) remained stable between 1991 and 1997. From 1991 to 1997, the percentage of bicycle riders who always wore a helmet when bicycling showed a small but statistically significant increase (1.1% in 1991 to 3.8% in 1997), but helmet use remained low. Conclusion: Many young people place themselves at unnecessary risk for motor vehicle- and bicycle-related crash injuries and fatalities. Improved motor vehicle-and bicycle-related injury prevention strategies are needed that specifically target adolescents. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2001. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Everett, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00177-4 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 405HK UT WOS:000167153800011 PM 11226846 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Gowda, VR AF Brener, ND Gowda, VR TI US college students' reports of receiving health information on college campuses SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE college students; health education; health promotion ID BINGE-DRINKING; PREVENTION; EDUCATION; ISSUES AB Institutions of higher education are in a unique position to promote healthy behaviors by providing health education to students, but little information exists about the proportion of students reached by such efforts. The authors used data from a nationally representative sample of college students to describe the extent to which students reported receiving health information from their colleges and universities, to examine the characteristics of students who received such information, and to determine specific sources of health information. Approximately three quarters of college students reported they received information on at least one health topic, and 6% received information on all of the topics examined. Those who reported receiving health information from their colleges or universities were likely to be "traditional" college students. To achieve relevant national health objectives, health educators must increase the proportion of students they reach and the number of health topics they cover. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 5 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 424MH UT WOS:000168235700004 PM 11337897 ER PT J AU Will, JC Vinicor, F Stevenson, J AF Will, JC Vinicor, F Stevenson, J TI Recording of diabetes on death certificates: Has it improved? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diabetes; cause of death; death certificates; validation; mortality ID MORTALITY FOLLOWBACK SURVEY; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; AGREEMENT AB Objective: To determine whether the recording of diabetes on death certificates improved from 1986 to 1993. Method: Comparison of two National Mortality Follow-back Surveys that selected independent samples of death certificates with the purpose of obtaining information from informants about the decedents. Results: The recording of diabetes on death certificates did not improve from 1986 to 1993. Conclusion: Periodic monitoring of the accuracy of death certificates is essential for proper interpretation of mortality statistics which are routinely used to describe the burden of diabetes in our society. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Will, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-26,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00303-6 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 405LZ UT WOS:000167162300004 PM 11223321 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Giles, WH Croft, JB AF Brown, DW Giles, WH Croft, JB TI White blood cell count: An independent predictor of coronary heart disease mortality among a national cohort SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE white blood cell count; coronary heart disease; mortality; survival analysis; epidemiology ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; ARTERY DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; DEATH INDEX; PLAQUE RUPTURE; FOLLOW-UP; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFLAMMATION AB An association between elevated white blood cell (WBC) count and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has been previously observed. However, the relationship between WBC count and CHD mortality independent of cigarette smoking and the possible interaction between WBC count and smoking remains unclear. We examined the association between WBC count and CHD mortality with Cox regression analyses of data from 8914 adults, aged 30-75, in the NHANES II Mortality Study (1976-1992). Covariates included age, sex, race, education, physical activity, smoking status, hypertensive status, total serum cholesterol, body mass index, hematocrit, and history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. During 17 follow-up years, there were 548 deaths from CHD (ICD-9 410-414) and 782 deaths from diseases of the heart (ICD-9 390-398, 402, 404, 410-414, 415-417, 420-429). Mean WBC count (x10(9) cells/L) was greater among persons who died from CHD (7.6 vs 7.2, P < .001). Compared to persons with a WBC count <6.1, persons with a WBC count > 7.6 were at increased risk of death from CHD (relative risk = 1.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.8) after adjustment for smoking status and other CVD risk factors. Similar results were observed among nonsmokers (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.9-2.0). These results suggest that higher WBC counts are a predictor of CHD mortality independent of the effects of smoking and other traditional CVD risk factors, which may indicate a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of CHD. Additional studies are needed to determine whether interventions to decrease inflammation can reduce the risk for CHD associated with elevated WBC. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 132 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 316 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00296-1 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 405LZ UT WOS:000167162300012 PM 11223329 ER PT J AU Steinlein, LM Crawford, JT AF Steinlein, LM Crawford, JT TI Reverse dot blot assay (insertion site typing) for precise detection of sites of IS6110 insertion in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGATION-MEDIATED PCR; STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; COMPLEX BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LOCUS AB We have developed an amplification-based reverse dot blot assay for the detection of specific sites of insertion of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis insertion sequence IS6110, In this assay, a set of biotin-labeled amplicons representing the various copies of IS6110 and their flanking sequences is generated by linker-mediated PCR, The amplicons are then hybridized to immobilized oligonucleotide probes that are specific for known IS6110 insertion sites, The method was evaluated using an array of oligonucleotide probes corresponding to IS6110 insertion sites from M, tuberculosis strains CDC1551, Erdman, and H37Rv, and multidrug-resistant strain W. A set of 72 DNA samples from 60 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates was analyzed for the presence or absence of these insertion sites, and the assay was found to be highly reproducible. This method of identifying insertion sites has been named "insite" and can be used for the genotyping of M. tuberculosis complex strains based on IS6110 insertion site profiles. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 871 EP 878 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.3.871-878.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 408FY UT WOS:000167316900007 PM 11230397 ER PT J AU Koch, WH Sullivan, PS Roberts, C Francis, K Downing, R Mastro, TD Nkengasong, J Hu, D Masciotra, S Schable, C Lal, RB AF Koch, WH Sullivan, PS Roberts, C Francis, K Downing, R Mastro, TD Nkengasong, J Hu, D Masciotra, S Schable, C Lal, RB TI Evaluation of United States-licensed human immunodeficiency virus immunoassays for detection of group M viral variants SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-O; DIVERSE HUMAN; TYPE-1; HIV-1; ANTIBODY; INFECTIONS; SUBTYPES; DONORS; PLASMA; BLOOD AB Six Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-1/2 immunoassays, including five enzyme immunoassays and one rapid test, were challenged with up to 250 serum samples collected from various global sites. The serum samples were from individuals known to be infected with variants of HIV-1 including group M subtypes A, B, B', C, D, E, F, and G and group O. All immunoassays detected the vast majority of samples tested. Three samples produced low signal over cutoff values in one or more tests: a clade B sample, an untypeable sample with a low antibody titer, and a group O sample. It is concluded that HIV-1 immunoassays used in the United States are capable of detecting most HIV-1 group M variants. C1 Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Secc Infectiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Cent Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Blood Res & Review, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Koch, WH (reprint author), Roche Mol Syst, 1145 Atlantic Ave, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1020 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.3.1017-1020.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 408FY UT WOS:000167316900030 PM 11230420 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Bronsdon, MA Dagan, R Yagupsky, P Janco, J Elliott, J Whitney, CG Yang, YH Robinson, LGE Schwartz, B Carlone, GM AF O'Brien, KL Bronsdon, MA Dagan, R Yagupsky, P Janco, J Elliott, J Whitney, CG Yang, YH Robinson, LGE Schwartz, B Carlone, GM TI Evaluation of a medium (STGG) for transport and optimal recovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal secretions collected during field studies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARRIAGE; ACQUISITION; FAMILIES; INFANTS AB Field studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization are hampered by the need to directly plate specimens in order to ensure isolate viability. A medium containing skim milk, tryptone, glucose, and glycerin (STGG) has been used to transport and store NP material, but its ability to preserve pneumococci has not been evaluated. Our objective was to qualitatively and semiquantitatively evaluate the ability of STGG to preserve pneumococci in NP secretions. Entwined duplicate calcium alginate NP swab samples were obtained from children. One swab was plated directly onto a gentamicin blood agar plate; the other was placed in STGG. Growth from the directly plated specimen was compared with growth from an STGG aliquot immediately cultured or stored at -70 degreesC for 9 weeks, -20 degreesC for 9 weeks, or 4 degreesC for 5 days. Of 186 specimens, 96 (52%) were positive for pneumococci from the direct plating; 94 (98%) of these were positive from the fresh STGG specimen. Pneumococci were recovered from all 38 positive specimens frozen at -70 degreesC, all 18 positive specimens frozen at -20 degreesC, and 18 of 20 positive specimens stored at 4 degreesC. Recovery of pneumococci after storage of NP material in STGG medium at -70 degreesC is at least as good as that from direct plating. Storage at -20 degreesC is also acceptable. Storage at 4 degreesC for 5 days is not ideal. C1 Beijing Childrens Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Beer Sheva, Israel. Soroka Univ, Med Ctr, Beer Sheva, Israel. Emory Univ, Egleston Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian & Alaskan Native Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 19 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1021 EP 1024 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.3.1021-1024.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 408FY UT WOS:000167316900031 PM 11230421 ER PT J AU Lockman, S Sheppard, JD Braden, CR Mwasekaga, MJ Woodley, CL Kenyon, TA Binkin, NJ Steinman, M Montsho, F Kesupile-Reed, M Hirschfeldt, C Notha, M Moeti, T Tappero, JW AF Lockman, S Sheppard, JD Braden, CR Mwasekaga, MJ Woodley, CL Kenyon, TA Binkin, NJ Steinman, M Montsho, F Kesupile-Reed, M Hirschfeldt, C Notha, M Moeti, T Tappero, JW TI Molecular and conventional epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Botswana: A population-based prospective study of 301 pulmonary tuberculosis patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; NETHERLANDS; TANZANIA; AFRICA AB Little is known about patterns of tuberculosis (TB) transmission among populations in developing countries with high rates of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To examine patterns of TB transmission in such a setting, we performed a population-based DNA fingerprinting study among TB patients in Botswana. Between January 1997 and July 1998, TB patients from four communities in Botswana were interviewed and offered HIV testing. Their Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates underwent DNA fingerprinting using IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism, and those with matching fingerprints were reinterviewed. DNA fingerprints with >5 bands were considered clustered if they were either identical or differed by at most one band, while DNA fingerprints with less than or equal to5 bands were considered clustered only if they were identical. TB isolates of 125 (42%) of the 301 patients with completed interviews and DNA fingerprints fell into 20 different clusters of 2 to 16 patients. HIV status was not associated with clustering. Prior imprisonment uas the only statistically significant risk factor for clustering (risk ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0). In three communities where the majority of eligible patients were enrolled, 26 (11%) of 243 patients overall and 26 (25%) of 104 clustered patients shared both a DNA fingerprint and strong antecedent epidemiologic link. Most of the increasing TB burden in Botswana may be attributable to reactivation of latent infection, but steps should be taken to control ongoing transmission in congregate settings. DNA fingerprinting helps determine loci of TB transmission in the community. C1 Minist Hlth, Epidemiol Unit, Gaborone, Botswana. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Natl TB Reference Lab, Gaborone, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lockman, S (reprint author), Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, 651 Huntington Ave,FXB 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 29 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1042 EP 1047 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.3.1042-1047.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 408FY UT WOS:000167316900035 PM 11230425 ER PT J AU del Aguila, C Moura, H Fenoy, S Navajas, R Lopez-Velez, R Li, LX Xiao, LH Leitch, GJ da Silva, A Pieniazek, NJ Lal, AA Visvesvara, GS AF del Aguila, C Moura, H Fenoy, S Navajas, R Lopez-Velez, R Li, LX Xiao, LH Leitch, GJ da Silva, A Pieniazek, NJ Lal, AA Visvesvara, GS TI In vitro culture, ultrastructure, antigenic, and molecular characterization of Encephalitozoon cuniculi isolated from urine and sputum samples from a Spanish patient with AIDS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; WESTERN-BLOT; MICROSPORIDIA; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; DIAGNOSIS; RABBITS AB In this report we describe the cultivation of two isolates of microsporidia, one from urine and the other from sputum samples from a Spanish AIDS patient. We identified them as Encephalitozoon cuniculi, type strain III (the dog genotype), based on ultrastructure, antigenic characteristics, PCR, and the sequence of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. C1 FIOCRUZ, HEC, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Ramon y Cajal, E-28034 Madrid, Spain. Univ San Pablo, CEU, Madrid, Spain. RP del Aguila, C (reprint author), Fac Ciencias Expt & Tecn, Urbanizac Monteprincipe, Madrid 28668, Spain. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; del Aguila, Carmen/A-6063-2016; Fenoy, Soledad /A-9633-2016 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; del Aguila, Carmen/0000-0003-0063-7899; Fenoy, Soledad /0000-0002-5218-6308 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034, G12 RR003034] NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1105 EP 1108 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.3.1105-1108.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 408FY UT WOS:000167316900044 PM 11230434 ER PT J AU Lee, WG Jernigan, JA Rasheed, JK Anderson, GJ Tenover, FC AF Lee, WG Jernigan, JA Rasheed, JK Anderson, GJ Tenover, FC TI Possible horizontal transfer of the vanB2 gene among genetically diverse strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a Korean hospital SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; FAECALIS V583; SEQUENCE AB A total of 25 isolates of vanB-containing Enterococcus faecium were recovered from patients in a single Korean hospital over a 20-month period. There were two distinct vanB2 patterns among the 11 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types; 17 contained the prototype vanB2 and 8 contained a novel vanB2 vvith a 177-bp deletion in vanY(B). Both vanB2 genes were transmissible in vitro at a mean frequency of 1.1 x 10(-8) transconjugants/donor. These results suggest the horizontal spread of vanB2 is occurring among genetically diverse strains of E. faecium in Korean hospitals. C1 Ajou Univ, Sch Med, Dept Clin Pathol, Suwon, South Korea. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, WG (reprint author), Ajou Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, Paldal Gu, San 5, Suwon 442749, South Korea. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1165 EP 1168 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.3.1165-1168.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 408FY UT WOS:000167316900060 PM 11230450 ER PT J AU Quarleri, JF Robertson, BH Mathet, VL Feld, M Espinola, L Requeijo, MP Mando, O Carballal, G Oubina, JR AF Quarleri, JF Robertson, BH Mathet, VL Feld, M Espinola, L Requeijo, MP Mando, O Carballal, G Oubina, JR TI Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus isolates from argentine patients: A six-year retrospective study (vol 38, pg 4560, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Lab Hepatitis Virales, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. CEMIC, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quarleri, JF (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Lab Hepatitis Virales, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1208 EP 1210 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 408FY UT WOS:000167316900075 ER PT J AU Vinson, NB Brannan, AM Baughman, LN Wilce, M Gawron, T AF Vinson, NB Brannan, AM Baughman, LN Wilce, M Gawron, T TI The system-of-care model: Implementation in twenty-seven communities SO JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SERVICE AB The purpose of this study was to document system-of-care development following the receipt of federal funds to establish and support a system of care, and to assess the extent to which system-of-care principles were realized. To assess fidelity of implementation of the system-of-ore model, 27 sires were visited on an annual basis for 4 years. A variety of qualitative data was collected to assess the presence of Ib key attributes comprising an ideal system of care (e.g., cultural competence, family involvement). Despite many changes in each local service system, no site (including sites with prior system-building experience and/or significant preexisting resources) was able to fully implement all aspects of the system-of-care model, as ideally conceptualized in the system-of-care program theory model. Exploratory efforts to develop a tool to assess implementation quantitatively failed to meet reliability thresholds, but information is provided on how measurement quality was improved for a new tool. With a reliable tool, findings can be considered in the context of other information, such as service delivery practices, service experiences, client-level outcomes, and effectiveness of individual treatments and services delivered. The authors suggest that a close assessment of these multilevel factors will enable a valid test of the effectiveness of the system-of-care model. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vinson, NB (reprint author), MAHEC, Community Hlth Resource Serv, 118 W T Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA SN 1063-4266 J9 J EMOT BEHAV DISORD JI J. Emot. Behav. Disord. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 30 EP 42 DI 10.1177/106342660100900104 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 400TW UT WOS:000166888600004 ER PT J AU Kao, AC Zaslavsky, AM Green, DC Koplan, JP Cleary, PD AF Kao, AC Zaslavsky, AM Green, DC Koplan, JP Cleary, PD TI Physician incentives and disclosure of payment methods to patients SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE trust; managed care; doctor-patient relationships; disclosure; quality of care ID HEALTH-CARE QUALITY; MANAGED-CARE; FINANCIAL INCENTIVES; INFORMED CONSENT; MEDICAL-CARE; TRUST; CONSUMERS; PLANS; ORGANIZATIONS; CHOICES AB OBJECTIVE: There is increasing public discussion of the value of disclosing how physicians are paid. However, little is known about patients' awareness of and interest in physician payment information or its potential impact on patients' evaluation of their care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Managed care and indemnity plans of a large, national health insurer. PARTICIPANTS: Telephone interviews were conducted with 2,086 adult patients in Atlanta, Ga.; Baltimore, Md/ Washington DC: and Orlando, Fla (response rate, 54%). MEASUREMENTS ANI) MAIN RESULTS: Patients were interviewed to assess perceptions of their physicians' payment method, preference for disclosure, and perceived effect of different financial incentives on quality of care. Non-managed fee-for-service patients (44%) were more likely to correctly identify how their physicians were paid than those with salaried (32%) or capitated (16%) physicians. Just over half (54%) wanted to be informed about their physicians' payment method. Patients of capitated and salaried physicians were as likely to want disclosure as patients of fee-for-service physicians. College graduates were more likely to prefer disclosure than other patients. Many patients (76%) thought a bonus paid for ordering fewer than the average number of tests would adversely affect the quality of their care. About half of the patients (53%) thought a particular type of withhold would adversely affect the quality of their care. White patients, college graduates, and those who had higher incomes were more likely to think that these types of bonuses and withholds would have a negative impact on their care. Among patients who believed that these types of bonuses adversely affected care, those with non-managed fee-for-service insurance and college graduates were more willing to pay a higher deductible or co-payment in order to get tests that they thought were necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients were unaware of how their physicians are paid, and only about half wanted to know. Most believed that bonuses or withholds designed to reduce the use of services would adversely affect the quality of their care. Lack of knowledge combined with strong attitudes about. various financial incentives suggest that improved patient education could clarify patient understanding of the nature and rationale for different types of incentives. More public discussion of this important topic is warranted. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Amer Med Assoc, Inst Eth, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. USQA, Ctr Hlth Care Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cleary, PD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.04139.x PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 418DD UT WOS:000167873700007 PM 11318914 ER PT J AU Meng, YX Sata, T Stamey, FR Voevodin, A Katano, H Koizumi, H Deleon, M De Cristofano, MA Galimberti, R Pellett, PE AF Meng, YX Sata, T Stamey, FR Voevodin, A Katano, H Koizumi, H Deleon, M De Cristofano, MA Galimberti, R Pellett, PE TI Molecular characterization of strains of Human herpesvirus 8 from Japan, Argentina and Kuwait SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; LARGE-CELL MORPHOLOGY; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DNA-SEQUENCES; VIRUS; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS AB Current genotyping systems for Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) are based on the highly variable gene encoding the Ki glycoprotein. Most strains collected worldwide cluster into two subtypes (I/A and II/C). Sequenced African strains have belonged to subtypes I/A and IV/B, Members of all three of these subtypes can have either the M or P allele at the right-hand side (RHS) of the genome. Strains obtained predominantly from aboriginal or relatively isolated populations have formed clades that branch at a distance from subtypes I/A and II/C, all being of the RHS P allele. The characterization is reported here of 16 Japanese, two Kuwaiti and five Argentine HHV-8 strains obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-infected and non-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman's disease or renal transplants. K1 sequences of five Japanese, one Kuwaiti and two Argentine strains were identified as subtype I/A and eight Japanese, one Kuwaiti and three Argentine strains were subtype II/C. Three strains from elderly classic KS patients originally from Hokkaido, a northern Japanese island, were relatively closely related to strains of subtypes III/D and E. Consistent with previous observations, both the M and P alleles were identified at the RHS of subgroup I/A and II/C genomes; only the P allele was detected among the three Hokkaido strains. Distances among the Hokkaido strains were similar to the distance between subtypes I/A and II/C, suggesting that the Hokkaido strains may represent two distinct subtypes and that, as more strains are analysed, the currently recognized III/D subgroups will probably emerge as independent subtypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Pathol, Tokyo, Japan. Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Kuwait, Kuwait. Hokkaido Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Hosp Italiano, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop G18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 82 BP 499 EP 506 PN 3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 404BW UT WOS:000167078400004 PM 11172090 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Kovacs-Nace, E Blotkamp, J Verwij, JJ Asigri, VAA Polderman, AM AF Eberhard, ML Kovacs-Nace, E Blotkamp, J Verwij, JJ Asigri, VAA Polderman, AM TI Experimental Oesophagostomum bifurcum in monkeys SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN TOGO; GHANA; INFECTION AB Oesophagostomum bifurcum larvae, cultured from human stools collected in northern Ghana, were used to establish experimental infections in monkeys. A patent infection was established in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and this infection was used to generate larvae to inoculate additional monkeys. In all, 17 animals were inoculated. Thirteen of 15 animals developed antibodies to the infection between 19 and 62 days post inoculation (PI); two animals had a positive response before inoculation. Four of ten animals developed patent infections between 88 and 134 days and passed eggs in the faeces. Egg shedding was consistent in only one animal, but at low levels of one or two eggs per 2 mg direct smear, and extended over a 400 day period. In the other three animals, egg shedding was sporadic and of only 2-4 weeks duration. In seven animals necropsied between 19 and 22 days PI, one to 17 early fourth-stage larvae were recovered from nodules in the bowel wall; in an eighth animal examined at 314 days, six immature adult worms (early fifth stage) were recovered from nodules in the bowel wall. The morphological features and growth of these recovered larvae are described. Three animals were inoculated with larvae that had been dried for one week at 28 degreesC; two animals began shedding eggs at 128 and 134 days PI, respectively. The present results suggest that the parasite obtained from humans is poorly adapted to lower primate hosts, and supports the concept that Oesophagostomum bifurcum found in humans and monkeys in the same geographical region of northern Ghana and Togo are distinct and that the infections in humans are not likely to represent zoonotic infections acquired from monkeys. C1 CDC, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Leiden Univ, Dept Parasitol, Leiden, Netherlands. Minist Hlth, Parasit Dis Res Ctr, Tamale, Ghana. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), CDC, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1079/JOH200031 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 420MU UT WOS:000168009400007 PM 11316472 ER PT J AU Walter, JE Mitchell, DK Guerrero, ML Berke, T Matson, DO Monroe, SS Pickering, LK Ruiz-Palacios, G AF Walter, JE Mitchell, DK Guerrero, ML Berke, T Matson, DO Monroe, SS Pickering, LK Ruiz-Palacios, G TI Molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus diarrhea among children from a periurban community of Mexico City SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; RNA SEQUENCE; RT-PCR; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; GASTROENTERITIS; INFANTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Human astroviruses (HAstVs) were detected in 23 stool samples from 365 diarrhea episodes among 214 children (<18 months old) prospectively monitored for diarrhea in Mexico City. Stool samples were tested by EIA and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. EIA was less sensitive (74%) and equally specific, compared with RT-PCR analysis using type-common primers for HAstV detection. Of 31 HAstV isolates, EIA typed 18 (69%) of 26 EIA-positive samples, and RT-PCR analysis typed 26 (84%) of 31 RT-PCR-positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3' end of the capsid region (363 nucleotides) confirmed the type assignment by EIA and RT-PCR analysis and determined the type for 5 previously untyped samples. Six HAstV antigenic types cocirculated in the community: HAstV-2 (42%), HAstV-4 (23%), HAstV-3 (13%), HAstV-1 (10%), HAstV-5 (6%), and HAstV-7 (6%). RT-PCR and sequence analysis provided more detailed epidemiology of HAstV in the community than did antigenic detection methods. C1 Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. RP Walter, JE (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, 855 W Brambleton Ave, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-13021] NR 33 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 5 BP 681 EP 686 DI 10.1086/318825 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 399WD UT WOS:000166836500001 PM 11181143 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Bishop, R Brenner, FW Roels, TH Bean, N Tauxe, RV Slutsker, L AF Olsen, SJ Bishop, R Brenner, FW Roels, TH Bean, N Tauxe, RV Slutsker, L TI The changing epidemiology of Salmonella: Trends in serotypes isolated from humans in the United States, 1987-1997 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REPTILE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS; ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; NURSERY; EGGS; SURVEILLANCE; FRANCE AB Salmonellosis is a major cause of illness in the United States. To highlight recent trends, data for 1987-1997 from the National Salmonella Surveillance System were analyzed. A total of 441,863 Salmonella isolates were reported, with the highest age-specific rate among infants (159/100,000 infants at 2 months). Annual isolation rates decreased from 19 to 13/100,000 persons; however, trends varied by serotype. The isolation rate of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis increased until 1996, whereas declines were noted in Salmonella serotypes Hadar and Heidelberg. Overall, serotypes that increased in frequency were significantly more likely than those that decreased to be associated with reptiles (P = .008). Salmonella infections continue to be an important cause of illness, especially among infants. Recent declines in food-associated serotypes may reflect changes in the meat, poultry, and egg industries that preceded or anticipated the 1996 implementation of pathogen-reduction programs. Additional educational efforts are needed to control the emergence of reptile-associated salmonellosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 181 Z9 190 U1 2 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 5 BP 753 EP 761 DI 10.1086/318832 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 399WD UT WOS:000166836500010 PM 11181152 ER PT J AU des Vignes, F Piesman, J Heffernan, R Schulze, TL Stafford, KC Fish, D AF des Vignes, F Piesman, J Heffernan, R Schulze, TL Stafford, KC Fish, D TI Effect of tick removal on transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlichia phagocytophila by Ixodes scapularis nymphs SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; DISEASE-ENDEMIC AREA; NEW-YORK-STATE; LYME-DISEASE; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; AGENT; IXODIDAE; ACARI; DURATION; DAMMINI AB The effect of feeding duration on pathogen transmission was studied for individual ticks infected with either laboratory or field strains of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and field strains of Ehrlichia phagocytophila, an agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Infected nymphal Ixodes scapularis were allowed to feed individually on mice, and equal numbers were removed at 24-h intervals for less than or equal to 96 h. Mice were assayed for infection by culture, serologic testing, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Fed ticks were assayed by culture or PCR analysis. Transmission of B. burgdorferi did not occur during the first 24 h among 66 attempts, with maximum transmission occurring between 48 and 72 h. A model estimating the probability of infection from individual ticks removed by patients in a Lyme disease-endemic area yielded an overall probability of 4.6%. Infected I. scapularis nymphs transmitted E. phagocytophila within 24 h in 2 of 3 attempts, which indicates that daily tick removal may not be adequate to prevent human infection with this agent. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort & Forestry, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div Communicable Dis, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Fish, D (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, POB 208034,60 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU111479] NR 41 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 5 BP 773 EP 778 DI 10.1086/318818 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 399WD UT WOS:000166836500012 PM 11181154 ER PT J AU Mounts, AW Kaur, H Parashar, UD Ksiazek, TG Cannon, D Arokiasamy, JT Anderson, LJ Lye, MS AF Mounts, AW Kaur, H Parashar, UD Ksiazek, TG Cannon, D Arokiasamy, JT Anderson, LJ Lye, MS CA Nipah Virus Nosocomial Study Grp TI A cohort study of health care workers to assess nosocomial transmissibility of Nipah virus, Malaysia, 1999 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; HORSES; PARAMYXOVIRUS; MORBILLIVIRUS; HUMANS AB During 1998-1999, an outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis occurred in Malaysia. To assess the possibility of nosocomial transmission, 338 health care workers (HCWs) exposed and 288 HCWs unexposed to outbreak-related patients were surveyed, and their serum samples were tested for anti-Nipah virus antibody. Needlestick injuries were reported by 12 (3%) HCWs, mucosal surface exposure to body fluids by 39 (11%), and skin exposure to body fluids by 89 (25%). No encephalitis occurred in either group. Three exposed and no unexposed HCWs tested positive by EIA for IgG antibodies. It is likely that these 3 were false positives; no IgM response occurred, and the serum samples were negative for anti-Nipah virus neutralizing antibodies. The risk of nosocomial transmission of Nipah virus appears to be low; however, given the high case-fatality rate and the presence of virus in respiratory secretions and urine of some patients, standard and droplet infection-control practices should be maintained with these patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Assessment Sect,Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost Sect,Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Malaya, Inst Med Res, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Univ Malaya, Dept Publ Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 5 BP 810 EP 813 DI 10.1086/318822 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 399WD UT WOS:000166836500017 PM 11181159 ER PT J AU Kazanjian, P Armstrong, W Hossler, PA Huang, L Beard, CB Carter, J Crane, L Duchin, J Burman, W Richardson, J Meshnick, SR AF Kazanjian, P Armstrong, W Hossler, PA Huang, L Beard, CB Carter, J Crane, L Duchin, J Burman, W Richardson, J Meshnick, SR TI Pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b mutations are associated with atovaquone exposure in patients with AIDS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; MALARIA; FAILURE AB This retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine whether Pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b gene mutations in patients with AIDS and P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) are associated with atovaquone exposure. Portions of the P. carinii cytochrome b genes that were obtained from 60 patients with AIDS and PCP from 6 medical centers between 1995 and 1999 were amplified and sequenced by using polymerase chain reaction. Fifteen patients with previous atovaquone prophylaxis or treatment exposure were matched with 45 patients with no atovaquone exposure. Cytochrome b coenzyme Q binding site mutations were observed in 33% of isolates from patients exposed to atovaquone, compared with 6% from those who were not (P = .018). There was no difference in survival 1 month after treatment between patients with or without cytochrome b mutations (P = .14). Thus, cytochrome b mutations are significantly more common in patients with AIDS and PCP with atovaquone exposure, but the clinical significance of these mutations remains unknown. C1 Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Res, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Kazanjian, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr,Rm 3120B TC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Armstrong, Wendy/N-3623-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-31775] NR 15 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 5 BP 819 EP 822 DI 10.1086/318835 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 399WD UT WOS:000166836500019 PM 11181161 ER PT J AU Ender, PT Phares, J Gerson, G Taylor, SE Regnery, R Challener, RC Dolan, MJ AF Ender, PT Phares, J Gerson, G Taylor, SE Regnery, R Challener, RC Dolan, MJ TI Association of Bartonella species and Coxiella burnetii infection with coronary artery disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; HEART-DISEASE; COHORT; CELLS; MEN AB Coronary artery disease is an inflammatory condition associated with several infections. We prospectively evaluated 155 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for evidence of Bartonella species and Coxiella burnetii infection. All Bartonella cultures were found to be negative. Multivariable logistic regression analysis that controlled for potential confounding factors revealed no association between coronary artery disease and seropositivity to Bartonella henselae (odds ratio [OR], 0.852; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.293-2.476), Bartonella quintana (OR, 0.425; 95% CI, 0.127-1.479), C. burnetii phase 1 (OR, undefined), and C. burnetii phase 2 (OR, 0.731; 95% CI, 0.199-2.680). The geometric mean titer (GMT) for C. burnetii phase 1 assay was slightly higher in persons with coronary artery disease than in those without such disease (P < .02). B. henselae, B. quintana, and C. burnetii seropositivity was not strongly associated with coronary artery disease. On the basis of GMTs, C. burnetii infection may have a modest association with coronary artery disease. C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ender, PT (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 74th MDOS SGOMB,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 5 BP 831 EP 834 DI 10.1086/318831 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 399WD UT WOS:000166836500022 PM 11181164 ER PT J AU Burkot, TR Happ, CM Dolan, MC Maupin, GO AF Burkot, TR Happ, CM Dolan, MC Maupin, GO TI Infection of Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) with Borrelia burgdorferi using a new artificial feeding technique SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; artificial feeding; spirochetes ID RHIPICEPHALUS-APPENDICULATUS; IN-VITRO; TRANSMISSION; TICK; MEMBRANE AB To study interactions between Ixodes scapularis (Say) and Borrelia burgdorferi, an artificial feeding system was refined to allow controlled manipulation of single variables. The feeding system uses a mouse skin mounted on a water-jacketed glass membrane feeder. I. scapularis were infected using either BSK-H-cultured B. burgdorferi spirochetes or a B. burgdorferi-infected mouse skin as the source of spirochetes. Sixty-six percent of nymphs successfully fed to repletion using the artificial feeding systems with at least 75% of nymphs becoming infected with B, burgdorferi. Strain B31 B, burgdorferi spirochetes from passages 2-17 were equally infectious to nymphal ticks. At concentrations of one spirochete per microliter, 12% of nymphs acquired infection and 14 and 100 spirochetes per microliter resulted in 50 and 100% infection rates, respectively. Eighty-nine percent of nymphs fed by artificial feeding molted to the adult stage. When subsequently fed as adults, these I. scapularis successfully transmitted infectious B. burgdorferi spirochetes to mice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Burkot, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.167 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 414CV UT WOS:000167649100007 PM 11296818 ER PT J AU Gimnig, JE Ombok, M Kamau, L Hawley, WA AF Gimnig, JE Ombok, M Kamau, L Hawley, WA TI Characteristics of larval anopheline (Diptera : Culicidae) habitats in western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae complex; Anopheles funestus; larval habitats ID GAMBIAE GILES COMPLEX; SPECIES-B; DRY SEASON; IDENTIFICATION; MOSQUITOS; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY AB A longitudinal survey of mosquito larval habitats was carried out in Asembo Bay, western Kenya, during the rainy season of 1998. All pools of standing water along a 700-m transect were sampled twice per week. For each habitat, eight environmental variables were recorded and a sample of anopheline larvae was collected for identification. In total, 1,751 Alopheles gambiae s.l. and 2,784 Anopheles funestus Giles were identified. Identification of A,2, gambiae s.l, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that 240 (14.7%) were An, gambiae Giles and 858 (52.4%) were An. arabiensis Patron; PCR failed to identify 539 (32.9%) specimens. Repeated measures logistic regression analysis indicated that An. gambiae and An. a,arabiensis larvae were associated with small, temporary habitats with algae and little or no aquatic vegetation. Anopheles funestus larvae were associated with larger, semipermanent bodies of water containing aquatic vegetation and algae. Direct comparison of habitat characteristics associated with either An. gambiae or An. arabiensis revealed that algae were associated more commonly with habitats containing An, gambiae; no other differences were detected. Chi-square analysis indicated that these species were collected from the same habitat more frequently than would be expected by chance alone. Together, these results indicate that An. gambiae and An. arabiensis have similar requirements for the larval environment and that, at least in western Kenya, they do not segregate into separate habitats. C1 Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, CDC Sect, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Gimnig, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 165 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.282 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 414CV UT WOS:000167649100025 PM 11296836 ER PT J AU Martinez, AJ Visvesvara, GS AF Martinez, AJ Visvesvara, GS TI Balamuthia mandrillaris infection SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; FREE-LIVING AMEBA; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; OPPORTUNISTIC AMEBAS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT; AIDS C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Neuropathol Div,Presbyterian Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Martinez, AJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Neuropathol Div,Presbyterian Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 50 IS 3 BP 205 EP 207 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 403MM UT WOS:000167047100001 PM 11232763 ER PT J AU Paine, LL Zanardi, LR Johnson, TRB Rorie, JAL Barger, MK AF Paine, LL Zanardi, LR Johnson, TRB Rorie, JAL Barger, MK TI A comparison of two time intervals for the auscultated acceleration test SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Triennial Congress of the International Congress of Midwives CY MAY 22-27, 1999 CL MANILA, PHILIPPINES ID NONSTRESS TEST AB Objective: Interest in an inexpensive, easy-to-administer antenatal screening test that did not rely on the use of electronic fetal monitoring led to development of the fetoscope administered auscultated acceleration test (AAT) in the late 1980s. More recent efforts have been directed toward providing those who may use the AAT with important information about the most effective and clinically appropriate AAT procedure:;. Thr purpose of this stud: was to determine the screening test validity performance of two AAT time intervals-6 minutes and 10 minutes. Methods: Two auscultated acceleration tests (AAT6 and AAT10) were simultaneously performed using different time intervals on 205 women with high-risk pregnancies undergoing simultaneous nonstress tests (NSTS) who were referred to a. tertiary care unit for antepartum testing. Standard measurements of screening test validity were calculated for each test in the prediction of selected perinatal outcomes. NST findings were included for comparative purposes. Results: The AAT6 yielded an overall higher specificity as compared with the AAT10 at the expense of a slightly lower sensitivity for most perinatal outcomes; these differences were not significant at the .05 level. Relative risk ratios were similar for the AAT6 and AAT10 for both fetal distress and neonatal morbidity, with both AAT being a more effective predictor of neonatal morbidity than fetal distress. Both tests yielded better sensitivity when compared with SST. Conclusions: Even though there was a nonsignificant tl end toward higher sensitivities and lower specificities for the Ill-minute AAT this study showed that the differences in prediction of perinatal outcomes between the 6-minute and 10-minute AAT were minimal. In view of the added labor required for the 10-minute AAT in the absence of enhanced screening test validity, the 6-minute AAT is clinically preferred. This study has prompted new research questions for the continued development of the AAT as a low-technology fetal assessment technique with potential usefulness by midwives and their colleagues in a variety of settings worldwide. (C) 2001 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Hosp, Nurse Midwifery Serv, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paine, LL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, 715 Albany St,T5W, Boston, MA 02118 USA. FU NINR NIH HHS [1-R01-NR-01705-01] NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 2 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S1526-9523(01)00102-7 PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 431CU UT WOS:000168615000010 PM 11370697 ER PT J AU Sempos, CT Looker, AC AF Sempos, CT Looker, AC TI Iron status and the risk of coronary heart disease: an example of the use of nutritional epidemiology in chronic disease research SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EASTERN FINNISH MEN; SERUM FERRITIN; ARTERY DISEASE; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LDL-OXIDATION; DIETARY IRON; BLOOD DONATION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CAUSE MORTALITY C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Sempos, CT (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. NR 127 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 12 IS 3 BP 170 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00153-4 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 413CJ UT WOS:000167592100006 ER PT J AU McCullough, JE Dick, R Rutchik, J AF McCullough, JE Dick, R Rutchik, J TI Chronic mercury exposure examined with a computer-based tremor system SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL MERCURY; HAND TREMOR; INDUSTRIAL-EXPOSURE; METALLIC MERCURY; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WORKERS; VAPOR; FREQUENCY AB Tremor is being increasingly evaluated by quantitative computer-based systems to differentiate its causes. In this study, a group of mercury-exposed workers were assessed to determine whether tremor characteristics differed by exposure level. Workers were classified into two groups: those with an average urine mercury concentration below the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienist Biological Exposure Index of 35 mug/g creatinine, and those with an average urine mercury concentration above the Biological Exposure Index. Tremor characteristics (including intensity, harmonic index, center frequency, standard deviation of the center frequency, and tremor index) were measured and recorded with a computer-based tremor system. Sixteen of 17 workers who were potentially exposed to mercury participated in the study. Three workers had a mean urine mercury concentration of 27.0 mug/g-creatinine and were assigned to the low-exposure group, and 13 workers had a mean urine mercury concentration of 200.2 mug/g-creatinine and were assigned to the high-exposure group. There was a statistically significant difference in the tremor index (which compiles five individual tremor parameters into a single value) between the two groups (P = 0.04; Wilcoxon's rank sum test). Other tremor characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. Tremor index may be more useful than measures of individual tremor parameters in differentiating normal from subclinical pathological tremors among groups of workers with chronic mercury exposure. C1 NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Org Sci & Human Factors Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Div Occupat & Environm Neurol Occupat Hlth & Reha, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA USA. RP McCullough, JE (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 3 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1097/00043764-200103000-00022 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 414TR UT WOS:000167682700019 PM 11285879 ER PT J AU Prinsen, CFM Hardy, K van der Loop, FL Smeets, HJM Holloway, B Thunnissen, FBJM AF Prinsen, CFM Hardy, K van der Loop, FL Smeets, HJM Holloway, B Thunnissen, FBJM TI Point-EXACCT mutation defection using oligonucleotide microarrays SO JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Pathol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0022-3417 J9 J PATHOL JI J. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 193 SU S BP 10A EP 10A PG 1 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA 410YV UT WOS:000167469400038 ER PT J AU Kramarz, P DeStefano, F Gargiullo, PM Chen, RT Lieu, TA Davis, RL Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Boblke, K Ward, JI Marcy, M AF Kramarz, P DeStefano, F Gargiullo, PM Chen, RT Lieu, TA Davis, RL Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Boblke, K Ward, JI Marcy, M CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Does influenza vaccination prevent asthma exacerbations in children? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; CASE SERIES; SAFETY; TIME AB Objective: Influenza can exacerbate asthma, particularly in children. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing influenza-related asthma exacerbations, however, is not known. We evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness in protecting children against influenza-related asthma exacerbations. Study design: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study with medical and vaccination records in 4 large health maintenance organizations in the United States during the 1993-1994, 1994-1995, and 1995-1996 influenza seasons. We studied children with asthma who were 1 through 6 years of age and who were identified by search of computerized databases of medical encounters and pharmacy dispensings. Main outcome measures were exacerbations of asthma evaluated in the emergency department or hospital. Results: Unadjusted rates of asthma exacerbations were higher after influenza vaccination than before vaccination. After adjustment was done for asthma severity by means of a self-control method, however, the incidence rate ratios of asthma exacerbations after vaccination were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.55 to 1.10), 0.59 (0.43 to 0.81), and 0.65 (0.52 to 0.80) compared with the period before vaccination during the 3 influenza seasons. Conclusions: After controlling for asthma severity, we found that influenza vaccination protects against acute asthma exacerbations in children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Panorama City, CA USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 138 IS 3 BP 306 EP 310 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.112168 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413BZ UT WOS:000167591200004 PM 11241034 ER PT J AU Pless, R Fisher, JF AF Pless, R Fisher, JF TI Mercury toxicity - Reply SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pless, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 138 IS 3 BP 451 EP 451 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.111811 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 413BZ UT WOS:000167591200040 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Jones, K Tomar, SL AF Griffin, SO Jones, K Tomar, SL TI An economic evaluation of community water fluoridation SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE cost; cost savings; cost effectiveness; water fluoridation; and caries increment ID DENTAL-CARIES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SODIUM MONOFLUOROPHOSPHATE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATIONS; REPLACEMENT; PREVENTION; FLUOROSIS; PROGRAMS AB Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess the local cost savings resulting from community water fluoridation, given current exposure levels to other fluoride sources. Methods: Adopting a societal perspective and using a discount rate of 4 percent, we compared the annual per person cost of fluoridation with the cost of averted disease and productivity losses. The latter was the product of annual dental caries increment in nonfluoridated communities fluoridation effectiveness, and the discounted lifetime cost of treating a carious tooth surface. We obtained or imputed all parameters from published studies and national surveys. We conducted one-way and three-way sensitivity analyses. Results: With base case assumptions the annual per person cost savings resulting from fluoridation ranged from $15.95 in very small communities to $18.62 in large communities. Fluoridation was still cost saving for communities of any size if we allowed increment effectiveness, or the discount rate to take on their worst-case values, individually, For simultaneous variation of variables, fluoridation was cost saving for all but very small communities There, fluoridation was cost saving if the reduction in carious surfaces attributable to one year of fluoridation was at least 0.046. Conclusion: On the basis of the most current data available on the effectiveness and cost of fluoridation, caries increment, and the cost and longevity of dental restorations, we find that water fluoridation offers significant cost savings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Econ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MSF10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 56 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 14 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 61 IS 2 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2001.tb03370.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 455GP UT WOS:000170019400004 PM 11474918 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Li, L Henderson, O Vogt, R Barr, J Marti, G Weaver, J Schwartz, A AF Gaigalas, AK Li, L Henderson, O Vogt, R Barr, J Marti, G Weaver, J Schwartz, A TI The development of fluorescence intensity standards SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluorescence intensity; quantitative fluorescence; standards ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; QUANTITATION AB The use of fluorescence as an analytical technique has been growing over the last 20 years. A major factor in inhibiting more rapid growth has been the inability to make comparable fluorescence intensity measurements across laboratories. NIST recognizes the need to develop and provide primary fluorescence intensity standard (FIS) reference materials to the scientific and technical communities involved in these assays. The critical component of the effort will be the cooperation between the Federal laboratories, the manufacturers, and the technical personnel who will use the fluorescence intensity standards. We realize that the development and use of FIS will have to overcome many difficulties. However, as we outline in this article, the development of FIS is feasible. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. US FDA, CDER, Laurel, MD USA. Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, San Juan, PR USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 106 IS 2 BP 381 EP 389 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 435JA UT WOS:000168872700002 PM 27500028 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Weinstein, RA DeMarais, PL Kuehnert, MJ Tomaska, W Nathan, C Rice, TW McAllister, SK Carson, LA Jarvis, WR AF Trick, WE Weinstein, RA DeMarais, PL Kuehnert, MJ Tomaska, W Nathan, C Rice, TW McAllister, SK Carson, LA Jarvis, WR TI Colonization of skilled-care facility residents with antimicrobial-resistant pathogens SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 18-20, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Hlthcare Epidemiol Amer DE drug resistance; microbial; long-term care; betalactamases; methicillin resistance; vancomycin resistance ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS COLONIZATION; NURSING-HOMES; VETERANS-AFFAIRS; ANTIBIOTIC USE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNIT; DISSEMINATION AB OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of and risk factors for colonization of skilled-care unit residents by several antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), or extended-spectrum-beta -lactamase-producing (ESBL-producing) (ceftazidime resistant) Klebsiella pneumoniae or Escherichia coli. DESIGN: Point-prevalence survey and medical record review. SETTING: The skilled-care units in one healthcare facility. PARTICIPANTS: 120 skilled-care unit residents. MEASUREMENTS: Colonization by each of the four antimicrobial-resistant pathogens during a point-prevalence survey, using rectal, nasal, gastrostomy-tube site, wound, and axillary cultures, June 1-3, 1998; 117 (98%) had at least one swab collected and 114 (95%) had a rectal swab collected. Demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated as risk factors for colonization. All isolates were strain typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of total genomic deoxyribonucleic acid. RESULTS: Of 117 participants, 50 (43%) were culture positive for greater than or equal to1 antimicrobial-resistant pathogen: MRSA (24%), ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (18%) or E. coli (15%), and VRE (3.5%). Of 50 residents culture positive for any of these four antimicrobial-resistant species, 13 (26%) were colonized by more than one resistant species; only three (6%) were on contact-isolation precautions at the time of the prevalence survey. Risk factors for colonization varied by pathogen: total dependence on healthcare workers (HCWs) for activities of daily living (ADLs) and antimicrobial receipt for MRSA, total dependence on HCWs for ADLs for ESBL-producing It. pneumoniae, and antimicrobial receipt for VRE. No significant risk factors were identified for colonization by ESBL-producing E. coli. Among colonized patients, there was a limited number of strain types for MRSA (24 patients, 4 strain types) and ESBL-producing It. pneumoniae (21 patients, 3 strain types), and a high proportion of unique strain types for VRE (4 patients, 4 strain types) and ESBL-producing E. coli (17 patients, 10 strain types). CONCLUSION: A large unrecognized reservoir of skilled-care-unit residents was colonized by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and co-colonization by more than one target species was common. To prevent transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in long-term care facilities in which residents have high rates of colonization, infection-control strategies may need to be modified. Potential modifications include enhanced infection-control strategies, such as universal gloving for all or high-risk residents, or screening of high-risk residents, such as those with total dependence on HCWs for ADLs or recent antimicrobial receipt, and initiation of contact-isolation precautions for colonized residents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Oak Forest Hosp, Oak Forest, IL USA. RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Galter Carriage House,Suite 701B,215 E Chicago St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 34 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.4930270.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 412FG UT WOS:000167543900004 PM 11300237 ER PT J AU Winquist, AG Roome, A Mshar, R Fiorentino, T Mshar, P Hadler, J AF Winquist, AG Roome, A Mshar, R Fiorentino, T Mshar, P Hadler, J TI Outbreak of campylobacteriosis at a senior center SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Epidemic-Intelligence-Service Conference CY APR 20-24, 1998 CL CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent HO CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT DE Campylobacter; disease outbreaks; older; senior center ID FOODBORNE OUTBREAK; JEJUNI; CHICKEN; INFECTIONS; ENTERITIS; POULTRY; MEATS AB OBJECTIVES: In August 1997, campylobacteriosis was diagnosed in four older persons in one Connecticut town. We investigated this outbreak to determine its cause and to identify appropriate preventive measures. We also analyzed surveillance data to assess the impact of campylobacteriosis among persons age 65 years and older in Connecticut. DESIGN: The outbreak was investigated through a case-control study and an environmental investigation. Surveillance data were from population-based, active foodborne disease surveillance. SETTING: The outbreak and environmental studies were conducted at a senior center identified as the one eating place common to all four patients. Active surveillance data were from three Connecticut counties during 1996/1997. PARTICIPANTS: We administered a questionnaire to senior center attendees. A case was defined as onset of diarrhea with fever or abdominal cramps during August 20-25 in a person who ate at the senior center during August 18-20. Respondents without illness meeting the case definition who ate at the senior center during August 18-20 were controls. MEASUREMENTS: Case-control study participants were asked about symptoms of gastrointestinal illness and meals and foods eaten at the center. The environmental investigation gathered information about food preparation procedures and facilities. Active surveillance data were analyzed to determine age-specific annual campylobacteriosis incidence rates and proportions of cases involving hospitalization. RESULTS: For the case-control study, there were 66 respondents (16 case patients, 50 controls), representing approximately 52% of August 18-20 attendees. Case patients were more likely than controls to have eaten at a Hawaiian luau at the center. The most strongly implicated food was sweet potatoes. Review of food preparation procedures identified multiple opportunities for cross-contamination from raw meats to other foods. In Connecticut's active surveillance area during 1996/1997, the annual campylobacteriosis incidence rate was highest among young adults, but the proportion of hospitalized cases was highest among persons age 70 years and older. CONCLUSION: Campylobacter transmission occurred at the luau, likely because of cross-contamination in the kitchen. This investigation emphasizes the importance of strict separation of raw meats from other foods during preparation. Careful attention to these measures is particularly important when an older population is served. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Bur Community Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Food Protect Program, Div Environm Hlth, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Winquist, AG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Mailstop D-18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 3 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.4930304.x PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 412FG UT WOS:000167543900009 PM 11300242 ER PT J AU Wozniak, A Dowda, HE Tolson, MW Karabatsos, N Vaughan, DR Turner, PE Ortiz, DI Wills, W AF Wozniak, A Dowda, HE Tolson, MW Karabatsos, N Vaughan, DR Turner, PE Ortiz, DI Wills, W TI Arbovirus surveillance in South Carolina, 1996-98 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; arboviruses; Anopheles crucians; eastern equine encephalitis virus; South Carolina ID BUNYAMWERA SEROGROUP VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; ANTIBODY AB Arboviruses isolated and identified from mosquitoes in South Carolina (USA) are described, including new state records for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), Flanders virus, Tensaw virus (TEN), and a variant of Jamestown Canyon virus (JC). Mosquitoes were collected at 52 locations in 30 of 46 South Carolina counties beginning in June 1996, and ending in October 1998, and tested for arboviruses. Of 1,329 mosquito pools tested by virus isolation (85,806 mosquitoes representing 34 mosquito species or complexes), 15 pools were positive. Virus isolations included EEE from 1 pool each of Anopheles crucians complex and Culex erraticus; a variant of JC from 1 pool of An. crucians complex; a California serogroup virus from 1 pool of Aedes atlanticus/tormentor; TEN from 5 pools of An. crucians complex and 1 pool each of Culex salinarius and Psorophora ciliata; Flanders virus from 1 pool of Culiseta melanura; and Potosi virus from 1 pool each of Aedes vexans, Coquillettidia perturbans, and Psorophora columbiae. Of 300 mosquito pools tested by antigen-capture assay for EEE and SLE (14,303 mosquitoes representing 16 mosquito species or complexes), 21 were positive for EEE and 1 was positive for SLE. Positive EEE mosquito pools by antigen-capture assay included An. crucians complex (14 pools), Anopheles punctipennis (1 pool), Anopheles quadrimaculatus (1 pool), Cq. perturbans (4 pools), and Cs. melanura (1 pool). One pool of Cx. salinarius was positive for SLE by antigen-capture assay. Arbovirus-positive mosquito pools were identified from 12 South Carolina counties, all located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and from 4 of 8 Carolina bays surveyed. C1 S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Bur Labs, Columbia, SC 29223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Jackson State Univ, Dept Biol, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Wozniak, A (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Bur Labs, 8231 Parklane Rd, Columbia, SC 29223 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 9 U2 12 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA RUTGERS UNIV, J B SMITH HALL, 176 JONES AVE, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08901-9998 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428XB UT WOS:000168486000013 PM 11345423 ER PT J AU Murrill, CS Prevots, DR Miller, MS Linley, LA Royalty, JE Gwinn, M AF Murrill, CS Prevots, DR Miller, MS Linley, LA Royalty, JE Gwinn, M CA Seroincidence Study Grp TI Incidence of HIV among injection drug users entering drug treatment programs in four US cities SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; HIV risk behavior; incidence; injection drug use; prevalence ID RISK BEHAVIORS; METHADONE-MAINTENANCE; INFECTION; PREVENTION; TRENDS AB We estimated seroincidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and prevalence of risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) who accepted voluntary HIV resting on entry to drug treatment. Record-based incidence studies were conducted in 12 drug treatment programs in New York City (n = 890); Newark, New Jersey (n = 521); Seattle, Washington (n = 1,256); and Los Angeles, California (n = 733). Records of confidential HIV tests were abstracted for information on demographics, drug use, and HIV test results. More detailed data on risk behaviors were obtained by a standardized questionnaire. Although overall incidence rates were relatively low, in this population (<1/100 person-years), there was a high prevalence of risk behaviors. Needle sharing was reported by more than one-third of the participants in each of the cities. HIV seroincidence rates were up to three-fold higher among younger ID Us. We found that HIV continued to be transmitted among ID Us who had received both drug treatment and HIV counseling and resting. HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) prevention education should continue to be an important component of drug treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murrill, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 78 IS 1 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1093/jurban/78.1.152 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 430XQ UT WOS:000168601100014 PM 11368194 ER PT J AU Patience, C Switzer, WM Takeuchi, Y Griffiths, DJ Goward, ME Heneine, W Stoye, JP Weiss, RA AF Patience, C Switzer, WM Takeuchi, Y Griffiths, DJ Goward, ME Heneine, W Stoye, JP Weiss, RA TI Multiple groups of novel retroviral genomes in pigs and related species SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORCINE ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MINIATURE SWINE; NO EVIDENCE; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; MURINE AB In view of the concern over potential infection hazards in the use of porcine tissues and organs for xenotransplantation to humans, we investigated the diversity of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) genomes in the DNA of domestic pigs and related species. In addition to the three known envelope subgroups of infectious gamma retroviruses (PERV-A, -B, and -C), classed together here as PERV group yl, four novel groups of gamma retrovirus (gamma2 to gamma5) and four novel groups of beta retrovirus (beta1 to beta4) genomes were detected in pig DNA using generic and specific PCR primers. PCR quantification indicated that the retroviral genome copy number in the Landrace x Duroc F(1) hybrid pig ranged from 2 (beta2 and gamma5) to approximately 50 (yl). The gamma1, gamma2, and beta4 genomes were transcribed into RNA in adult kidney tissue, Apart from gamma1, the retroviral genomes are not known to be infectious, and sequencing of a small number of amplified genome fragments revealed stop codons in putative open reading frames in several cases. Analysis of DNA from wild boar and other species of Old World pigs (Suidae) and New World peccaries (Tayassuidae) showed that one retrovirus group, beta2, was common to all species tested, while the others were present among all Old World species but absent from New World species. The PERV-C subgroup of gamma1 genomes segregated among domestic pigs and were absent from two African species (red river hog and warthog). Thus domestic swine and their phylogenetic relatives harbor multiple groups of hitherto undescribed PERV genomes. C1 UCL, Inst Canc Res, London W1T 4JF, England. Natl Inst Med Res, London NW7 1AA, England. Bio Transplant Inc, Charlestown, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weiss, RA (reprint author), UCL, Windeyer Inst Med Sci, Wohl Vir Ctr, 46 Cleveland St, London W1T 4JF, England. EM r.weiss@ucl.ac.uk NR 21 TC 144 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 6 BP 2771 EP 2775 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.6.2771-2775.2001 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 405LG UT WOS:000167160400028 PM 11222700 ER PT J AU Lu, L Nakano, T Orito, E Mizokami, M Robertson, BH AF Lu, L Nakano, T Orito, E Mizokami, M Robertson, BH TI Evaluation of accumulation of hepatitis C virus mutations in a chronically infected chimpanzee: Comparison of the core, E1, HVR1, and NS5b regions SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B HEPATITIS; ENTIRE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; COMPLETE CODING SEQUENCE; NON-A; INOCULATED CHIMPANZEES; HYPERVARIABLE REGION; PREDOMINANT GENOTYPE; STABILITY; GENOME; CLASSIFICATION AB Four hepatitis C virus genome regions (the core, E1, HVR1, and NS5b) were amplified and sequenced from yearly samples obtained from a chronically infected chimpanzee over a rt-year span. Nucleotide substitutions were found to accumulate in the core, E1, and HVR1 regions during the course of chronic infection; substitutions within the NS5b region were not detected for the first 8 years and were found to be minimal during the last 4 years. The rate of accumulation of mutations in the core and El regions, based on a direct comparison between the first 1979 sequence and the last 1990 sequence, was 1.120 x 10(-3), while phylogenetic ancestral comparison using the 12 yearly sequences showed a rate of 0.816 x 10-3 bases per site per year, Temporal evaluation of the sequences revealed that there appeared to be periods in which substitutions accumulated and became fixed, followed by periods with relative stasis or random substitutions that did not persist. Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions within the core, E1, and HVR1 regions were also analyzed. In the core and El regions, synonymous substitutions predominated and gradually increased over time. However, within the ENR1 region, nonsynonymous substitutions predominated but gradually decreased over time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med 2, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 6 BP 3004 EP 3009 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.6.3004-3009.2001 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 405LG UT WOS:000167160400054 PM 11222726 ER PT J AU Krummel, DA Koffman, DM Bronner, Y Davis, J Greenlund, K Tessaro, I Upson, D Wilbur, J AF Krummel, DA Koffman, DM Bronner, Y Davis, J Greenlund, K Tessaro, I Upson, D Wilbur, J TI Cardiovascular health interventions in women: What works? SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAM; OVERWEIGHT POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CHOLESTEROL-EDUCATION-PROGRAM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; EARLY POSTNATAL CARE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; RISK-FACTORS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB Women's Cardiovascular Health Network members representing 10 Prevention Research Centers completed a literature review of approximately 65 population-based studies focused on improving women's cardiovascular health through behavior change for tobacco use, physical inactivity, or diet. A framework was developed for conducting the search. Databases (Medline, Psychlit, Smoking and Health, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) of studies published from 1980 to 1998 were searched. The review was presented at a meeting of experts held in Atlanta, Georgia. Output from the meeting included identification of what has worked to improve cardiovascular health in women and recommendations for future behavioral research. Additional information is available at www.hsc.wvu.edul womens-cvh. Cardiovascular health interventions geared toward women are scant. Based on the available studies, program components that emerged as effective included personalized advice on diet and physical activity behaviors and tobacco cessation, multiple staff contacts with skill building, daily self-monitoring, and combinations of strategies. Recommendations for community-based tobacco, physical activity, and diet interventions are discussed. A few overarching recommendations were to (1) conduct qualitative research to determine the kinds of interventions women want, (2) examine relapse prevention, motivation, and maintenance of behavior change, (3) tailor programs to the stage of the life cycle, a woman's readiness to change, and subgroups, that is, minority, low socioeconomic, and obese women, and (4) evaluate policy and environmental interventions. The effects of cardiovascular interventions in women have been inappropriately understudied in women. Our review found that few studies on cardiovascular risk factor modification have actually targeted women. Hence, adoption and maintenance of behavior change in women are elusive. Intervention research to improve women's cardiovascular health is sorely needed. C1 W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Krummel, DA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, POB 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Krummel, Debra/F-4806-2010 NR 111 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 117 EP 136 DI 10.1089/152460901300039467 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 415PE UT WOS:000167730900005 PM 11268297 ER PT J AU Bloom, FR AF Bloom, FR TI "New beginnings": A case study in gay men's changing perceptions of quality of life during the course of HIV infection SO MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Anthropological-Association CY NOV 20-25, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Anthropol Assoc DE quality of life; life story; HIV/AIDS; illness experience; US culture ID SELF; CONSTRUCTION; DISABILITY; EXPERIENCE; IDENTITY; HISTORY; CONTEXT; ILLNESS AB This article reports results of an ethnographic study that sought to understand how a cohort of gay men living with HIV infection evaluated and worked to preserve or improve the quality of their lives. Themes of life story narratives are identified, each with an associated stylistic self-orientation to living with HIV infection. Changes in thematic content of a selected participant's life story narratives are discussed, demonstrating how events of his daily life are integrated into the narratives. Resultant concurrent shifting of themes and stylistic orientations is linked to his perception of improved quality of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DSTDP, BIRBNatl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bloom, FR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DSTDP, BIRBNatl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30-MH52776] NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0745-5194 J9 MED ANTHROPOL Q JI Med. Anthropol. Q. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 38 EP 57 DI 10.1525/maq.2001.15.1.38 PG 20 WC Anthropology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Anthropology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 482XW UT WOS:000171603400009 PM 11288618 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Bowman, BA Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS Otvos, JD AF Freedman, DS Bowman, BA Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS Otvos, JD TI Distribution and correlates of high-density lipoprotein subclasses among children and adolescents SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; BOGALUSA HEART; BIRACIAL COMMUNITY; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; SEXUAL-MATURATION; ASSOCIATIONS; MEN AB Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol among children vary by sex and race/ethnicity and are correlated with age, obesity, and other characteristics. Several studies of adults have indicated that atherogenicity of HDL particles may vary by size, but there is little information on the distribution and correlates of HDL subfractions in early life. We used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the mean HDL particle site and levels of 3 HDL subclasses among 10-to 17-year-olds (n = 918). We found the mean HDL particle size to he (1) inversely associated with age among boys, (2) larger among girls than boys, and (3) larger among black children than among white children. These associations with particle size reflected contrasting associations with various HDL subclasses; among boys, far example, revels of targe HDL decreased with age, whereas levels of small HDL remained constant (black boys) or tended to increase (white boys). Furthermore, relative weight and levels of both triglycerides and tow-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were associated inversely with levels of large HDL, but positively with levels of small HDL. These contrasting associations suggest that the role of HDLC in coronary heart disease (CHD) may he more complex than previously thought, and that the analysis of HDL subclasses may improve the accuracy of CHD prediction. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC MS-K26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 15103, HL 32194] NR 40 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 50 IS 3 BP 370 EP 376 DI 10.1053/meta.2001.21027 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 408JK UT WOS:000167322900020 PM 11230794 ER PT J AU Priest, JW Xie, LT Arrowood, MJ Lammie, PJ AF Priest, JW Xie, LT Arrowood, MJ Lammie, PJ TI The immunodominant 17-kDa antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosproidium parvum; intestinal epithelium; parasite ID COAST-GUARD CUTTER; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; GLIDING MOTILITY; OMEGA-SITE; IN-VITRO; SPOROZOITES; OUTBREAK; SERUM; GENE AB Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite of the intestinal epithelium that has caused numerous outbreaks of diarrheal illness in humans. During our studies of the host immune response to C. parvum infection, we noted that two of the immunodominant surface antigens of the sporozoite stage of the parasite readily extract into Triton X-114. We recently cloned the immunodominant 17-kDa surface antigen and suggested that the carboxy-terminal peptide sequence may satisfy the requirements for GPI anchor addition. In the work presented here, we were able to show that the 17-kDa antigen could be metabolically labeled in vitro with tritiated ethanolamine and that the antigen contained myo-inositol. The antigen was cleaved by GPI-PLD but not by PI-PLC and it could be converted to a water soluble form by chemical deglycosylation. We suggest that the 17-kDa antigen is indeed GPI anchored and that the anchor contains an acylated inositol and either a lyso-acyl- or a diacyl-glycerol. We are currently working to determine what role the anchor may play in the human immune response to this antigen. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop F-13,Bldg 23,Room 1025,4770 Buford High, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 47 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00386-8 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 415ZJ UT WOS:000167753200012 PM 11254960 ER PT J AU Tucker, RA Unger, ER Holloway, BP Swan, DC AF Tucker, RA Unger, ER Holloway, BP Swan, DC TI Real-time PCR-based fluorescent assay for quantitation of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, and 18 SO MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE HPV; viral load ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; CARCINOMA IN-SITU; CERVICAL-CARCINOMA; VIRAL LOAD; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTS; PRODUCT; GENES AB Background: Quantitation of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in clinical samples may yield important clinical information. Methods and Results: We developed a 5' exonuclease fluorescent probe assay for I-IPV quantitation that uses real-time PCR. The assay was optimized for HPV types 6 (HPV-6), -11, -16, and -18. A multiplex format was developed to quantify a cellular target of known iteration simultaneously with HPV quantitation, which controls for the amount of input DNA. Dilution series of target and heterologous templates were used to verify the assay. The assay was successfully used on fresh and PreservCyt-fixed cell lines, as well as cervical samples. The linear range of the assay is from 10 to 10 million copies. Intraclass correlations for HPV, actin, and globin assays ranged from 0.95 to 0.99, indicating the analytic precision of repeated measures. Conclusion: The method is accurate over a large copy number range, reproducible, type specific, normalized for input DNA quantity, and applicable to PreservCyt-fixed material. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Human Papillomavirus Sect, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tucker, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Human Papillomavirus Sect, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop G-18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1084-8592 J9 MOL DIAGN JI Mol. Diagn. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.2165/00066982-200106010-00005 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 413CX UT WOS:000167593300005 PM 11257210 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Dollard, SC Smith, DK Klein, RS Schuman, P Rich, JD Vlahov, D Pellett, PE AF Cannon, MJ Dollard, SC Smith, DK Klein, RS Schuman, P Rich, JD Vlahov, D Pellett, PE CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Blood-borne and sexual transmission of human herpesvirus 8 in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 DNA; PREVALENCE; INDIVIDUALS; ANTIBODIES; CHILDREN; COHORT; MEN AB Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causal agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, is transmitted sexually among homosexual men, but little is known of its transmission among women. Although HHV-8 has been detected in blood, there has been no clear evidence of blood-borne transmission. Methods: We identified risk factors for HHV-8 infection in 1295 women in Baltimore, Detroit, New York, and Providence, Rhode Island, who reported high-risk sexual behavior or drug use. HHV-8 serologic studies were performed with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: In univariate analyses, HHV-8 was associated with black race, Hispanic ethnic background, a lower level of education, and infection with syphilis, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The risk of seropositivity for HHV-8 increased with the frequency of injection-drug use (P<0.001); HHV-8 seroprevalence among the women who used drugs daily was three times that among women who never injected drugs. Among the women with a low risk of sexual transmission, HHV-8 seroprevalence was 0 percent in those who had never injected drugs and 36 percent in those who had injected drugs (P<0.001). However, injection-drug use was linked less strongly to HHV-8 infection than to infection with HBV or HCV. In a multivariate analysis, independent predictors of HHV-8 seropositivity included HIV infection (odds ratio, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2), syphilis infection (odds ratio, 1.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.8), and daily injection-drug use (odds ratio, 3.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 7.6). Conclusions: Both injection-drug use and correlates of sexual activity were risk factors for HHV-8 infection in the women studied. The independent association of HHV-8 infection with injection-drug use suggests that HHV-8 is transmitted through needle sharing, albeit less efficiently than HBV, HCV, or HIV. (N Engl J Med 2001;344:637-43.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 27 TC 114 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 9 BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1056/NEJM200103013440904 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 405TR UT WOS:000167177100004 PM 11228278 ER PT J AU Ballew, C Bowman, B AF Ballew, C Bowman, B TI Recommending calcium to reduce lead toxicity in children: A critical review SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BLOOD LEAD; DIETARY CALCIUM; GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; URBAN CHILDREN; VITAMIN-D; NATIONAL-HEALTH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PHYTIC ACID; HUMANS AB Assertions that adequate or supplemental calcium intake can reduce lead absorption in children are based on liberal extrapolation from animal studies, experiments with human adults, and cross-sectional studies of children that have a variety of methodologic weaknesses. Without stronger supporting evidence, statements that diet can ameliorate the deleterious effects of environmental lead could provide a false sense of efficacy and divert efforts from lead abatement and from behavioral modifications that might have more impact. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ballew, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 82 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 59 IS 3 BP 71 EP 79 PN 1 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 423BH UT WOS:000168155200002 PM 11330624 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Marcogliese, DJ de Lafontaine, Y Da Silva, AJ Mhangami-Ruwende, B Pieniazek, NJ AF Graczyk, TK Marcogliese, DJ de Lafontaine, Y Da Silva, AJ Mhangami-Ruwende, B Pieniazek, NJ TI Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): evidence from the St. Lawrence River SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLAMS CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; FRESH-WATER CLAMS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; RECOVERY; SAMPLES; OYSTERS; CYSTS AB Molluscan shellfish can recover and concentrate environmentally derived waterborne pathogens and can be used for the sanitary assessment of water quality. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum (genotype 1) were identified in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Approximately 67 oocysts/ml of hemolymph and 129 oocysts/g of soft tissue were recovered. The adjusted concentration of oocysts per gram of tissue was 2.2 x 10(2), and approximately 4.4 x 10(2) oocysts were recovered from a single mussel, Zebra mussels can serve as biological indicators of waterborne contamination with Cryptosporidium. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Environm Canada, St Lawrence Ctr, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s004360000293 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 405YY UT WOS:000167189200008 PM 11293571 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Correa, A Erickson, JD AF Botto, LD Correa, A Erickson, JD TI Racial and temporal variations in the prevalence of heart defects SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE heart defects; whites; blacks; epidemiology; prevalence ID VENTRICULAR SEPTAL-DEFECT; CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; GENETIC-DISEASES; TRENDS; DIAGNOSIS; POPULATION; EPIDEMIC; ATLANTA AB Background. Documenting the prevalence and trends of congenital heart defects provides useful data for pediatric practice, health-care planning, and causal research. Yet, most population-based studies use data from the 1970s and 1980s. We sought to extend into more recent years the study of temporal and racial variations of heart defects occurrence in a well-defined population. Methods. We used data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, a population-based registry with active case ascertainment from multiple sources. Heart defects were identified among liveborn infants up to 1 year old, among stillborn infants, and among pregnancy terminations to mothers residing in metropolitan Atlanta. Results. From 1968 through 1997, the registry ascertained 5813 major congenital heart defects among 937 195 infants, for a prevalence of 6.2 per 1000. The prevalence increased to 9.0 per 1000 births in 1995 through 1997. The prevalence of ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, atrioventricular septal defects, and pulmonary stenosis increased, whereas that of transposition of the great arteries decreased. For some defects, prevalence and trends varied by race. Conclusions. The prevalence of congenital heart defects is increasing. Whereas most findings likely result from improved case ascertainment and reporting, others might be because of changes in the distribution of risk factors in the population. The basis of the racial variations is incompletely understood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, F-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2001 VL 107 IS 3 BP U18 EP U25 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 406KW UT WOS:000167216200004 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, L Reef, SE AF Zimmerman, L Reef, SE TI Incidence of congenital rubella syndrome at a hospital serving a predominantly Hispanic population, El Paso, Texas SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE congenital rubella syndrome; rubella; Hispanic ID UNITED-STATES AB Objective. The current epidemiology of rubella reveals an increase in the number of cases among adult Hispanics and an increase in the number of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases among infants of Hispanic mothers. Recent rubella outbreaks have occurred primarily among adult Hispanics, many of whom are foreign-born natives of countries where rubella vaccination is not routine or has only recently been implemented. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of CRS in a hospital serving a predominantly Hispanic population. Methods. Hospital charts of infants <1 year old discharged between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 1996 with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) discharge codes consistent with CRS were reviewed; we looked for cataracts, deafness, congenital heart defects, dermal erythropoiesis, microcephaly, meningoencephalitis, and other defects associated with CRS. We abstracted data on maternal and infant ethnicity, maternal age, gestational age, infants' birth weight, infants' clinical characteristics, and laboratory evaluation. Cases were categorized according to the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists' case classification for CRS. Results. Of the 182 infants with 1 or more ICD-9 codes consistent with CRS, 6 (3.3%) met either the confirmed or probable case definition for CRS. Two infants met the definition for confirmed CRS. Although laboratory tests for rubella immunoglobulin M antibodies were positive for both of these infants, only 1 of the cases had been reported to the state health department. Four other infants had clinical presentations that met the definition for a probable case. One of these had been tested for rubella immunoglobulin M antibodies, and the test was negative. The other 3 had not been tested. The rate of infants meeting the definition of confirmed and probable CRS was 3.1 per 10 000 hospital births. All confirmed and probable cases were among infants born to Hispanic mothers. Maternal country of origin was Mexico for the 2 confirmed cases and 1 of the probable cases, and unknown for the remaining 3 probable cases. Conclusions. The rate of confirmed and probable CRS among infants in this predominantly Hispanic population is higher than the reported rate in the United States in the vaccine era, which has been reported to range from approximately 0.01-0.08 per 10 000 live births. These findings indicate a need for heightened awareness of CRS among physicians who serve populations at risk for rubella. Physicians should report all confirmed and probable CRS cases to the state health department. The lack of appropriate laboratory testing in 3 infants with probable CRS indicates that physicians should consider a diagnosis of CRS in infants with some signs consistent with CRS, particularly in areas serving high numbers of individuals at risk for rubella. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zimmerman, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2001 VL 107 IS 3 BP U73 EP U76 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 406KW UT WOS:000167216200012 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Massoudi, M Stevenson, J Lyons, B AF LeBaron, CW Massoudi, M Stevenson, J Lyons, B TI Vaccination coverage and physician distribution in the United States, 1997 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE physician distribution; immunization; workforce ID WELL-CHILD CARE; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; HEALTH-CARE; IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; UNDERSERVED AREAS; WORKFORCE; ACCESS; PRESCHOOL; INSURANCE; SETTINGS AB Background. How many physicians are needed in the United States and how they should be allocated geographically and among specialties has been the subject of intense debate, a debate that has often focused more on costs to third-party payers and government than on benefits to health. Child health is a central aspect of public health, and immunization is one of its most cost-effective and easily measured interventions. Objective. To examine the association of immunization rates and delivery characteristics with the distribution of child health physicians in the United States in 1997. Design. Cross-sectional ecological study, using the state as the unit of analysis, immunization rates and delivery characteristics (from the National Immunization Survey) as the main outcome measures, concentration of the principal physician specialties providing routine care to children (pediatric, family, and general physicians from the American Medical Association Masterfile) as the main risk factor, while controlling for demographic and economic factors (from the Bureau of the Census and other sources). Results. Of the 96 689 physicians providing routine care to children, 37% were pediatric, 49% family, and 14% general physicians. Higher rates of vaccination, private sector vaccination, and increased numbers of public and private vaccination sites were all associated with the concentration of pediatricians but not of family or general physicians. The distribution of pediatricians was strongly associated with the distribution of residency positions. Conclusions. Pediatrician distribution is a strong correlate to immunization rates and delivery characteristics. Opportunities to affect pediatrician distribution may exist with allocation of residency positions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61,100 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2001 VL 107 IS 3 AR e31 DI 10.1542/peds.107.3.e31 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 406KW UT WOS:000167216200003 PM 11230612 ER PT J AU Jones, HE Garrett, BE Griffiths, RR AF Jones, HE Garrett, BE Griffiths, RR TI Reinforcing effects of oral cocaine: contextual determinants SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cocaine; reinforcement; cardiovascular effect; subjective effect; oral administration; context; behavioral requirements; human; vigilance and relaxation ID ADMINISTERED COCAINE; DRUG REINFORCEMENT; HUMANS; DISCRIMINATION; AMPHETAMINE; MODULATION; INGESTION; CAFFEINE; SCHEDULE; CHOICE AB Rationale: Although the behavioral, subjective, and physiological effects of oral cocaine have been investigated, its reinforcing effects have not been demonstrated. Objective: The primary aims of this study were to examine the reinforcing effects of oral cocaine and determine whether such effects can be influenced by manipulating behavioral requirements following drug ingestion. Methods: Nine adult volunteers with histories of cocaine abuse were trained to discriminate between orally administered cocaine (100 mg/70 kg) and placebo capsules under double-blind conditions. Following acquisition of cocaine vs placebo discrimination (80% correct), the reinforcing effects of cocaine were determined using two different choice conditions (dependent and independent). Volunteers were first exposed to cocaine and placebo once each with a relaxation activity (sitting in a cushioned chair) and a vigilance activity (performing a computer task). Following exposure to each drug with each activity, volunteers began the dependent choice condition. Every 2 days volunteers chose which drug (cocaine or placebo) they ingested with the vigilance and relaxation activities. Volunteers could not choose the same drug with both activities. This procedure occurred 5 times over a 10-day period. The independent choice condition took place over 2 days. On one day, volunteers chose which drug (cocaine or placebo) they ingested with the relaxation activity and, on the other day (in counterbalanced order), which drug they ingested with the vigilance activity. Volunteers were allowed to select the same drug with both activities. Results: All volunteers successfully acquired the cocaine vs placebo discrimination. In the dependent choice condition, all volunteers significantly chose cocaine over placebo with the vigilance activity and chose placebo over cocaine with the relaxation activity. In the independent choice condition, volunteers significantly chose cocaine over placebo with the vigilance activity (i.e., cocaine functioned as a positive reinforcer in the vigilance context). Interestingly, the independent choice condition also showed that volunteers chose placebo over cocaine with the relaxation activity (i.e,,cocaine functioned as a negative reinforcer because it was avoided relative to placebo). Conclusion: The study shows that the behavioral requirements following drug ingestion can be a determinant of whether or not oral cocaine functions as a reinforcer in volunteers with histories of cocaine abuse. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Griffiths, RR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0033-3158 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY JI Psychopharmacology PD MAR PY 2001 VL 154 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s002130000626 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 411VU UT WOS:000167520600004 PM 11314676 ER PT J AU Schieber, RA Sacks, JJ AF Schieber, RA Sacks, JJ TI Measuring community bicycle helmet use among children SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LAW AB Bicycling is a popular recreational activity and a principal mode of transportation for children in the United States, yet about 300 children die and 430,000 are injured annually, Wearing a bicycle helmet is an important countermeasure, since it reduces the risk of serious brain injury by up to 85%. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have funded state health departments to conduct bicycle helmet programs, and their effectiveness has been evaluated by,monitoring community bicycle helmet use. Although it would appear that measuring bicycle helmet use is easy, it is actually neither simple nor straightforwward, The authors describe what they have learned about assessing helmet use and what methods have been most useful. They also detail several key practical decisions that define the current CDC position regarding helmet use assessment. Although important enough in their own right, the lessons learned in the CDC's bicycle helmet evaluation may serve as a model for evaluating other injury prevention and public health programs. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schieber, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 116 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50003-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 506YW UT WOS:000173000200003 PM 11847297 ER PT J AU Gerzoff, RB Williamson, GD AF Gerzoff, RB Williamson, GD TI Who's number one? The impact of variability on rankings based on public health indicators SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. Researchers, government, and the press often rank jurisdictions according to public health indicators; however, measures of uncertainty rarely accompany these comparisons. To demonstrate the variability associated with rankings that use public health measures, the authors examined the uncertainty associated with ranks based on three common methods used to derive public health indicators: age-adjustment, calculations based on census estimates, and calculations based on survey data. Methods. The authors observed the effect of changing the standard population from the 1970 population to the 1997 population on rank-order lists of jurisdictions according to age-adjusted 1998 mortality rates. They used a Monte Carlo method to calculate confidence intervals (Cis) around ranks based on census estimates of 1998 infant mortality rates and based on 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data on the prevalence of hypertension. Results. Changing the standard year from 1970 to 1997 resulted in a shift of at least three rank-order positions for seven states, Two states shifted five positions. Cis associated with ranking by infant mortality rates were broad, with a mean of 16 ranks. Cis around ranks for the prevalence of hypertension were also wide, with a mean of 18 ranks. Conclusion. While ranking based on public health indicators is an attractive and popular way of presenting public health data, caution and close examination of the underlying data are needed for proper interpretation. Alternative methods, such as longitudinal analysis or comparisons with standards, may prove more useful. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabetes Translat Stat & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Publ Htlh Surveillance & Infomat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gerzoff, RB (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabetes Translat Stat & Epidemiol Branch, MS K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 116 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50007-9 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 506YW UT WOS:000173000200007 PM 11847301 ER PT J AU Grosse, S Gwinn, M AF Grosse, S Gwinn, M TI Assisting states in assessing newborn screening options SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Planning Evaluat & Legislat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Grosse, S (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Planning Evaluat & Legislat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 116 IS 2 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 506YW UT WOS:000173000200009 PM 11847303 ER PT J AU Carter-Pokras, O Montgomery, LE AF Carter-Pokras, O Montgomery, LE TI Social epidemiology SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Book Review ID HEALTH C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Minor Hlth, Div Policy & Data, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Carter-Pokras, O (reprint author), OMH, Div Hlth Policy & Data, Rm 1000,Rockwall 2 Bldg,5515 Secur Lane, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Carter-Pokras, Olivia/B-1652-2012 OI Carter-Pokras, Olivia/0000-0002-6310-6932 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 116 IS 2 BP 173 EP 175 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 506YW UT WOS:000173000200010 ER PT J AU Jason, J Inge, KL AF Jason, J Inge, KL TI Modulation of CD8 and CD3 by HIV or HIV antigens SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; CELL-SURFACE CD4; HUMAN T-CELLS; DOWN-REGULATION; NEF PROTEIN; TYPE-1 NEF; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; VIRAL INFECTIVITY; MESSENGER-RNA AB To investigate whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-1 antigens modulate surface and cytoplasmic CD8 or CD3, as well as CD4, we used cell permeabilization reagents, surface/cytoplasmic fluorescent staining, multiparameter flow cytometric techniques and an in vitro culture system in which relatively few lymphocytes are actively infected with HIV. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were: not stimulated, not stimulated but HIV-inoculated, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated, PHA/HIV-inoculated (PHA/HIV), or placed into media with soluble gp120, Rev or Nef. HIV inoculation and Nef had striking modulatory effects on CD8. The cytoplasmic CD8 median fluorescent intensity (MFI) of positive lymphocytes was lower for cells in unstimulated/HIV-infected cultures than unstimulated cultures (44 versus 62% of ex vivo value, P = 0.032) and lower for cells in PHA/HIV cultures than in PHA cultures (56 versus 100% of ex vivo, P = 0.041). The surface CD8 MFI values for Nef were significantly lower than the ex vivo value (75% of ex vivo, P = 0.006). At days 2-7 of culture, Rev was associated with slight reductions in surface CD4 MFI (58% of ex vivo versus 78% of ex vivo for unstimulated cultures, P = 0.047) and greater effects on cytoplasmic CD3 MFI (131 versus 179% of ex vivo for unstimulated cultures, P = 0.035), and surface CD8 MFI (70% of ex vivo, P = 0.006 versus ex vivo value). The globality of Rev's effects suggests these are related to a shared processing pathway, i.e. not due to direct interaction with CD3, CD4 and CD8; the effects of HIV inoculation and Nef on CD8 expression appear to be more CD8 specific. Because CD8 is essential for cytotoxic T-cell function, its down-modulation could inhibit this activity, including anti-HIV cytotoxicity. Given the critical roles of CD3 and CD8 in T-lymphocyte signal transduction and antigen responsiveness, the effects of HIV, Rev and Nef on these molecules have clinically significant implications concerning the pathogenesis and treatment of HIV. C1 CDC, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, NCID,Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jason, J (reprint author), CDC, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, NCID,Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 53 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00871.x PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 413WK UT WOS:000167634400008 PM 11251883 ER PT J AU Finelli, L Levine, WC Valentine, J Louis, MES AF Finelli, L Levine, WC Valentine, J Louis, MES TI Syphilis outbreak assessment SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background: Syphilis rates began to decline in 1991 and have decreased every year since. In 1998, 6,993 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were reported in the United States, for a national incidence of 2.6 cases per 100,000 population. Although syphilis rates are at an historic low, focal outbreaks still occur. On October 7, 1999, the Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with federal and community partners, presented the National Plan for Elimination of Syphilis from the United States. One of the five key strategies of the plan is rapid outbreak response. Methods: Methods for outbreak assessment and response were reviewed in the literature, synthesized, and adapted for use in syphilis outbreaks. Results: Key elements of outbreak assessment and response are detection, surveillance data review, hypothesis generation, intervention development, and the evaluation of clinical, public health, and laboratory services. Conclusions: Outbreak response necessitates community participation and a coordinated interdisciplinary effort to determine social and behavioral contributors to the outbreak and to develop targeted interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1097/00007435-200103000-00002 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 407PU UT WOS:000167280600002 PM 11289193 ER PT J AU Wilson, BC Moyer, L Schmid, G Mast, E Voigt, R Mahoney, F Margolis, H AF Wilson, BC Moyer, L Schmid, G Mast, E Voigt, R Mahoney, F Margolis, H TI Hepatitis B vaccination in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics - A survey of STD programs SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Hepatitis B virus infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. Sexual activity is the most commonly reported risk factor among persons with acute hepatitis B, yet hepatitis B vaccine coverage among adolescents and adults with high-risk sexual practices is low. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics are potentially efficient settings for vaccine administration to persons with high-risk sexual practices; however, little is known about hepatitis B vaccination activities in these settings. Goal: To gain information about policies and activities for vaccinating against hepatitis B in STD clinic settings, Study Design: In April 1997, a questionnaire was sent to managers of 65 federally funded STD programs in state and local health departments. A similar survey was sent to 89 STD clinic managers in November 1997. Results: The response rate among program managers was 97% (63/65). Forty-eight percent considered hepatitis B prevention a program responsibility: 21% had developed and distributed written policies to prevent hepatitis B through vaccination; and 27% had developed policies to encourage hepatitis B education activities. The response rate among clinic managers was 82% (73/89). Forty-five percent reported that their STD clinics had implemented policies recommending hepatitis B vaccination and health education activities. Program managers and clinic managers reported that lack of funding to cover the cost of the vaccine, and lack of resources to provide prevaccination counseling, administer vaccine, and track clients for vaccine series completion were the primary barriers to the implementation of hepatitis B vaccination programs. Conclusions: To enhance hepatitis B vaccination in STD clinics, existing funding sources must be accessed more effectively. Supplemental funding mechanisms for the cost of vaccine and resources for implementing vaccination programs also need to be identified. Additionally, STD clinics and programs should continue to propose and implement hepatitis B vaccination policies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Surveillance Program, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Dev & Support Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moyer, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 148 EP 152 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 407PU UT WOS:000167280600005 PM 11289196 ER PT J AU Rompalo, AM Joesoef, MR O'Donnell, JA Augenbraun, M Brady, W Radolf, JD Johnson, R Rolfs, RT AF Rompalo, AM Joesoef, MR O'Donnell, JA Augenbraun, M Brady, W Radolf, JD Johnson, R Rolfs, RT CA Syphilis HIV Study Grp TI Clinical manifestations of early syphilis by HIV status and gender - Results of the syphilis and HIV study SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; INFECTION; THERAPY; ANTIGENS AB Background: Despite reports of unusual clinical presentations and therapeutic responses among HIV-infected patients with syphilis, syphilis has not been regarded as a serious opportunistic infection that predictably progresses among most HIV-coinfected patients. Goal: To define and describe differences in the presentation and response to treatment of early syphilis among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, to describe any differences by gender, and to determine if clinical presentation of central nervous system involvement predicted serologic failure. Design: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of enhanced versus standard therapy to compare the benefit of enhanced therapy, the clinical importance of central nervous system involvement, and the clinical manifestations of early syphilis infection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. Results: The median number of ulcers was significantly greater among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, as was the percent of HIV-infected patients with multiple ulcers. Among patients diagnosed with secondary syphilis, a higher percentage of HIV-infected patients presented with genital ulcers [13/53 (25%)] than did HIV-uninfected patients [27/200 (14%)]. No differences between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients were detected for other secondary syphilis manifestations. Although women presented more frequently with secondary syphilis than did men, no other gender differences in clinical manifestations were noted. Neurologic complaints were reported most frequently among patients with secondary syphilis [103/248 patients (42%)] compared with patients with primary syphilis [32/136 (24%)] and early latent syphilis [48/ 142, (34%)] (P < 0.05), but no differences in neurologic complaints were apparent by HIV status or CSF abnormalities. No neurologic complaints were significantly associated with serologic treatment failures at 6 months. Conclusions: Overall, HIV infection had a small effect on the clinical manifestations of primary and secondary syphilis. Compared with HIV-uninfected patients, HIV-infected patients with primary syphilis tended to present more frequently with multiple ulcers, and HIV-infected patients with secondary syphilis presented with concomitant genitals ulcers more frequently. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med & Microbial Pathogenesis, Farmington, CT USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Med Coll Penn & Hahnemann Univ, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rompalo, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 1830 E Monument St,Rm 435A, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 22 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1097/00007435-200103000-00007 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 407PU UT WOS:000167280600007 PM 11289198 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Murray, PJ Ackers, ML Hardison, WGM Margolis, HS AF Gunn, RA Murray, PJ Ackers, ML Hardison, WGM Margolis, HS TI Screening for chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections in an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic - Rationale for integrating services SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Background and Objectives: Clients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics are at risk for multiple infections (e.g., STDs, HIV, and infectious viral hepatitis). Risk assessment and serosurveys can document the need for hepatitis screening and vaccination services. Goal: To determine hepatitis C and B virus seroprevalence, identify predictive risk factors, and provide a rationale for integrating hepatitis services in an STD clinic. Methods: During various periods in 1998, consecutive clients completed a self-administered risk assessment and were offered screening for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (HBV core antibody and anti-HCV [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 3.0, confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay 2.0]). Results: Sixteen percent of 300 clients tested for an anti-HBV core were positive, with injecting-drug users (IDUs) and men who have sea with men (MSM) having higher prevalences (50% and 37%, respectively). Of 615 clients tested for anti-HCV, 21 (3.4%) were positive. Injecting-drug users (n = 34) had a 38% anti-HCV prevalence compared with 1.1% for non-IDUs. Of 66 non-IDU MSM tested, none was HCV infected, IDUs had a high prevalence of past STDs (> 50%) and unsafe sexual behavior. Conclusions: Injecting drug users and MSM are at high risk for STDs, HIV, and hepatitis infections and could benefit from a "one-stop" STD clinic that included hepatitis prevention services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Diego, CA USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. Amer Liver Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), STD Control M-S P511B,3851 Rosecrans St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1097/00007435-200103000-00008 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 407PU UT WOS:000167280600008 PM 11289199 ER PT J AU Diamond, C Thiede, H Perdue, T MacKellar, D Valleroy, LA Corey, L AF Diamond, C Thiede, H Perdue, T MacKellar, D Valleroy, LA Corey, L CA Seattle Young Men's Survey Team TI Seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 among young men who have sex with men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DNA-SEQUENCES; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 INFECTION; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV; ANTIBODIES AB Background: The modes of transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) remain unclear. Goal: To study HHV-8 seroprevalence and risk factors among young men. Study Design: The Young Men's Survey was a multisite cross-sectional HIV seroprevalence and behavioral risk survey of men aged 15 to 22 years who attended public venues frequented by young men who hale sex with men (MSM). Blood specimens were tested for HIV-8 by using an immunofluorescence assay at a 1:40 dilution among 488 participants in Seattle-King County, WA. Results: Total HHV-8 seroprevalence was 6% among MSM and 5% among men who have sex only with women (MSW). In multivariate analysis, unprotected receptive anal sex during the past 6 months, injection drug use, and cytomegalovirus infection were associated with HHV-8 seropositivity in MSM. Conclusion: The HHV-8 seroprevalence among these young MSM was similar to the HHV-8 seroprevalence among young MSW, but lower than seroprevalence estimates in earlier studies of older MSM. The association of MSM between HHV-8 infection and unprotected receptive anal sex supports previous findings that HHV-8 is sexually transmitted. Although CMV infection and injection drug use may be markers for unsafe sexual practices, it is also possible that these are independent risk factors for acquiring HHV-8. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Orange, CA 92868 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Div Labs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Div Internal Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Diamond, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, 101 City Dr S,Bldg 11 Route 81, Orange, CA 92868 USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU006260] NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1097/00007435-200103000-00010 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 407PU UT WOS:000167280600010 PM 11289201 ER PT J AU Freimuth, VS Quinn, SC Thomas, SB Cole, G Zook, E Duncan, T AF Freimuth, VS Quinn, SC Thomas, SB Cole, G Zook, E Duncan, T TI African Americans' views on research and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE African Americans; clinical trials; recruitment; research; Tuskegee study; United States ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; MINORITY RECRUITMENT; PARTICIPATION; PREVENTION; COMMUNITY; AIDS AB The participation of African Americans in clinical and public health research is essential. However. for a multitude of reasons, participation is low in many research studies. This article reviews the literature that substantiates barriers to participation and the legacy of past abuses of human subjects through research. The article then reports the results of seven focus groups with 60 African Americans in Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, DC, and Atlanta during the winter of 1997. In order to improve recruitment and retention in research, the focus group study examined knowledge of and attitudes toward medical research, knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, and reactions to the Home Box Office production, Miss Evers' Boys, a fictionalized version of the Tuskegee Study. that premiered in February, 1997. The study found that accurate knowledge about research was limited; lack of understanding and trust of informed consent procedures was problematic: and distrust of researchers posed a substantial barrier to recruitment. Additionally. the study found that, in general, participants believed that research was important, but they clearly distinguished between types of research they would be willing to consider participating in and their motivations for doing so. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Porter Novelli Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Quinn, SC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, CB 7400,Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 24 TC 268 Z9 269 U1 5 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 52 IS 5 BP 797 EP 808 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00178-7 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 398YM UT WOS:000166784100011 PM 11218181 ER PT J AU McDaniel, JS Purcell, D D'Augelli, AR AF McDaniel, JS Purcell, D D'Augelli, AR TI The relationship between sexual orientation and risk for suicide: Research findings and future directions for research and prevention SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Suicide Prevention Conference CY OCT, 1998 CL RENO, NV ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; GAY MEN; BISEXUAL YOUTH; DRUG-USE; HOMOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITY SETTINGS; MALE-ADOLESCENTS; UNITED-STATES; LESBIANS; VICTIMIZATION C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDaniel, JS (reprint author), 341 Ponce de Leon Ave, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM jmcdani@emory.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 97 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 SU S BP 84 EP 105 DI 10.1521/suli.31.1.5.84.24224 PG 22 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 425DV UT WOS:000168273800006 PM 11326762 ER PT J AU Faroon, OM Keith, S Jones, D De Rosa, C AF Faroon, OM Keith, S Jones, D De Rosa, C TI Carcinogenic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biliary tract cancer; breast cancer; cancer; congener; liver cancer; mixtures; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PCBs; skin cancer ID ENZYME-ALTERED ISLANDS; BREAST-CANCER RISK; CAPACITOR MANUFACTURING WORKERS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS; MOUSE SKIN TUMORIGENESIS; RAT-LIVER FOCI; AROCLOR 1254; PROMOTING ACTIVITY; SWEDISH FISHERMEN AB As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of an important section of the Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls [ATSDR. 2000: Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.] into the scientific literature. This article focuses on the carcinogenic effects of this group of synthetic organic chemicals (polychlorinated biphenyls) in humans and animals. Information on other health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and regulations and advisories is detailed in the profile. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Faroon, OM (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 96 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 11 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 41 EP 62 DI 10.1191/0748233701th098ao PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 570CA UT WOS:000176639500001 PM 12117297 ER PT J AU Soucie, JM Richardson, LC Evatt, BL Linden, JV Ewenstein, BM Stein, SF Leissinger, C Manco-Johnson, M Sexauer, CL AF Soucie, JM Richardson, LC Evatt, BL Linden, JV Ewenstein, BM Stein, SF Leissinger, C Manco-Johnson, M Sexauer, CL CA Hemophilia Surveillance System Pr TI Risk factors for infection with HBV and HCV in a large cohort of hemophiliac males SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; FACTOR-VIII CONCENTRATE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PASTEURIZED FACTOR-VIII; UNITED-STATES; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; ITALIAN HEMOPHILIACS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; B VIRUS; PREVALENCE AB BACKGROUND: Before the implementation of donor screening and the development of effective virus-inactivation procedures, persons with hemophilia (PWHs) were at risk of infection with HBV and HCV transmitted through clotting factor concentrates. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data collected from the medical records of a cohort of 2,772 males with hemophilia who resided in six states of the United States were used to examine relations between demographic and clinical characteristics and laboratory markers of past or present infection with HBV and HCV using logistic regression. RESULTS: Test results were available for 60 percent of the cohort. Among those tested, 30 percent were positive for markers of HBV infection and 64 percent for HCV infection. Factors associated with increased odds of positive HBV markers and HCV infection were greater severity of hemophilia, larger amounts of factor use, and HIV infection. Markers of HBV infection persisted in birth cohorts as late as 1992 and those of HCV infections in birth cohorts through 1991. Compared to same-age US males, PWHs born between 1987 and 1989 were more likely to have markers of HBV and HCV infection. CONCLUSION: PWHs who received clotting factor concentrates before 1990 may be at risk for infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C and should be tested. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DASTLR, HDB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Soucie, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DASTLR, HDB, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAR PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 338 EP 343 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41030338.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 414WK UT WOS:000167689000008 PM 11274587 ER PT J AU Lu, L Ng, MH Zhou, BP Luo, HT Nakano, T Robertson, BH Im, SWK AF Lu, L Ng, MH Zhou, BP Luo, HT Nakano, T Robertson, BH Im, SWK TI Detection and genotyping of GBV-C/HGV variants in China SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GBV-C/HGV; genotype; China; 5 ' noncoding region ID HEPATITIS-G-VIRUS; A-E-HEPATITIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; 5'-NONCODING REGION; 5'-TERMINAL REGION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; C INFECTION; DRUG-USERS; SEQUENCES AB We detected GBV-C/HGV sequences in the sera from 64 out of a total of 324 subjects in the south of China. In agreement with findings of others, we noted an especially high rate of infection among intravenous drug addicts and patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The detection was achieved by nested PCR to amplify the 5' noncoding region (5'NCR) of the viral genome. Sequence analysis of the resulting 234 bp product revealed a total of 26 different sequences of which 25 were found to belong to the genotype G3, which is the most prevalent genotypes among Asian isolates, and one belonged to genotype G1, common among African isolates. The sequence divergence between the genotypes was largely clustered in a short variable region (V2) within the 5'NCR, and we showed that genotyping may be achieved equally well by analysis of this variable region as by the more detail analysis of the entire 5'NCR or of the entire viral genome. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp Compound, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Sun Yat Sen Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, Affiliated Hosp 3, Dept Infect Dis, Guangzhou, Guangdong Prov, Peoples R China. First Peoples Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Foshan City, Guangdong Provi, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Eastlake Hosp, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Provi, Peoples R China. RP Im, SWK (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp Compound, Dept Microbiol, Univ Pathol Bldg,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 73 IS 2 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00231-8 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 407XL UT WOS:000167296000004 PM 11172917 ER PT J AU Wetli, CV Smith, P AF Wetli, CV Smith, P CA CDC TI Hypothermia-related deaths - Suffolk County, New York, January 1999-March 2000, and United States, 1979-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 53-57, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Dept Hlth Serv Suffolk Cty, Off Med Examiner, Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wetli, CV (reprint author), Dept Hlth Serv Suffolk Cty, Off Med Examiner, Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1010 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403ME UT WOS:000167046400009 ER PT J AU Oyok, T Odonga, C Mulwani, E Abur, J Kaducu, F Akech, M Olango, J Onek, P Turyanika, J Mutyaba, I Luwaga, HRS Bisoborwa, G Kaguna, A Omaswa, FG Zaramba, S Okware, S Opio, A Amandua, J Kamugisha, J Mukoyo, E Wanyana, J Mugero, C Lamunu, M Ongwen, GW Mugaga, M Kiyonga, C Yoti, Z Olwa, A deSanto, M Lukwiya, M Bitek, P Louart, P Maillard, C Delforge, A Levenby, C Munaaba, E Lutwama, J Banonya, S Akol, Z Lukwago, L Tanga, E Kiryabwire, L AF Oyok, T Odonga, C Mulwani, E Abur, J Kaducu, F Akech, M Olango, J Onek, P Turyanika, J Mutyaba, I Luwaga, HRS Bisoborwa, G Kaguna, A Omaswa, FG Zaramba, S Okware, S Opio, A Amandua, J Kamugisha, J Mukoyo, E Wanyana, J Mugero, C Lamunu, M Ongwen, GW Mugaga, M Kiyonga, C Yoti, Z Olwa, A deSanto, M Lukwiya, M Bitek, P Louart, P Maillard, C Delforge, A Levenby, C Munaaba, E Lutwama, J Banonya, S Akol, Z Lukwago, L Tanga, E Kiryabwire, L CA CDC TI Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever - Uganda, August 2000-January 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, 73-77, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Gulu Hosp, Gulu, Uganda. Masindi Hosp, Masindi, Uganda. Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. St Marys Hosp, Lacor, Gulu District, Uganda. Uganda Red Cross Soc, Gulu Dist Branch, Gulu, Uganda. African Med Relief Fdn, Gulu, Uganda. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. Country Off, Kampala, Uganda. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Italian Cooperat, Emergency Dept, Kampala, Uganda. Epictr, Paris, France. Med Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. Med Sans Frontiers, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Swiss Red Cross, Int Comm, Geneva, Switzerland. Catholic Relief Serv, Gulu, Uganda. US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Int Rescue Comm, New York, NY USA. Italian Inst Hlth, Rome, Italy. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. Sendai Quarantine Stn, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Minist Hlth Labor & Welf, Tokyo, Japan. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Hlth Serv, London, England. Natl Inst Virol, Johannesburg, South Africa. Inst Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oyok, T (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 8 BP 1010 EP 1012 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403ME UT WOS:000167046400010 ER PT J AU Arnon, SS Schechter, R Inglesby, TV Henderson, DA Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Fine, AD Hauer, J Layton, M Lillibridge, S Osterholm, MT O'Toole, T Parker, G Perl, TM Russell, PK Swerdlow, DL Tonat, K AF Arnon, SS Schechter, R Inglesby, TV Henderson, DA Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Fine, AD Hauer, J Layton, M Lillibridge, S Osterholm, MT O'Toole, T Parker, G Perl, TM Russell, PK Swerdlow, DL Tonat, K CA Working Grp Civilian Biodefense TI Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon - Medical and public health management SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; A FOODBORNE BOTULISM; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; UNITED-STATES; INFANT BOTULISM; LARGE OUTBREAK; NEUROTOXIN; ANTIBODIES; RECOGNITION; EXPERIENCE AB Objective The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if botulinum toxin is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 23 representatives from academic, government, and private institutions with expertise in public health, emergency management, and clinical medicine. Evidence The primary authors (S.S.A. and R.S.) searched OLDMEDLINE and MEDLINE (1960-March 1999) and their professional collections for literature concerning use of botulinum toxin as a bioweapon. The literature was reviewed, and opinions were sought from the working group and other experts on diagnosis and management of botulism. Additional MEDLINE searches were conducted through April 2000 during the review and revisions of the consensus statement. Consensus Process The first draft of the working group's consensus statement was a synthesis of information obtained in the formal evidence-gathering process. The working group convened to review the first draft in May 1999. Working group members reviewed subsequent drafts and suggested additional revisions. The final statement incorporates all relevant evidence obtained in the literature search in conjunction with final consensus recommendations supported by all working group members. Conclusions An aerosolized or food borne botulin um toxin weapon would cause acute symmetric, descending flaccid paralysis with prominent bulbar palsies such as diplopia, dysarthria, dysphonia, and dysphagia that would typically present 12 to 72 hours after exposure. Effective response to a deliberate release of botulinum toxin will depend on timely clinical diagnosis, case reporting, and epidemiological investigation. Persons potentially exposed to botulinum toxin should be closely observed, and those with signs of botulism require prompt treatment with antitoxin and supportive care that may include assisted ventilation for weeks or months. Treatment with antitoxin should not be delayed for microbiological testing. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infant Botulism Treatment & Prevent Program, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Civilian Biodef Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10013 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Infect Control Advisory Network Inc, Eden Prairie, MN USA. US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD USA. RP Arnon, SS (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infant Botulism Treatment & Prevent Program, 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 506, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 108 TC 764 Z9 794 U1 13 U2 118 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 28 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 8 BP 1059 EP 1070 DI 10.1001/jama.285.8.1059 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403ME UT WOS:000167046400029 PM 11209178 ER PT J AU Alonzo, A Pepe, H AF Alonzo, A Pepe, H TI Using a combination of reference tests to assess the accuracy of a diagnostic test SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; TEST SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; MODELS; BIAS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Alonzo, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 656 EP 658 PG 3 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 402CK UT WOS:000166968300012 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Shapiro, CN Mast, EE Arcari, C AF Meltzer, MI Shapiro, CN Mast, EE Arcari, C TI The economics of vaccinating restaurant workers against hepatitis A SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE economics restaurant; food handlers; hepatitis A; vaccination AB The economics of vaccinating restaurant workers against hepatitis A were studied using Monte Carlo simulation models, one with a restaurant-owner perspective, and one with a societal perspective. The restaurant model allowed for a different size, number of employees and employee turnover rate. Benefits were the avoidance of loss of business (including the possibility of bankruptcy) after publicity linking the restaurant to an outbreak associated with a case of hepatitis A in a food handler. Additional benefits in the societal model included reductions in costs of food handler-associated cases of hepatitis A. The outcome used was Net Present Value (NPV), allowing comparison between models. Regardless of the cost of vaccination ($50-140/employee), for a restauranteur to ensure that all employees were vaccinated at all times substantial costs were involved (i.e. negative NPV). Even a 75% probability of bankruptcy still resulted in negative NPVs at the 95th percentiles. For society, vaccination was only cost-saving (i.e. positive NPV) if done only during epidemics and if it cost < $20/employee. Vaccinating restaurant employees is unlikely to be economical from either the restaurant owner or the societal perspective, even during hepatitis A epidemics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 28 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 15-16 BP 2138 EP 2145 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00396-0 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 412DF UT WOS:000167538200035 PM 11228386 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Liu, SM AF Ford, ES Liu, SM TI Glycemic index and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration among US adults SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC CONTROL; DIABETIC-PATIENTS; DIETARY FIBER; FOODS; NIDDM; WOMEN; LOAD; RISK AB Background: Dietary glycemic index, an indicator of the ability of the carbohydrate to raise blood glucose levels, and glycemic load, the product of glycemic index and carbohydrate intake, have been positively related to risk of coronary heart disease. However, the relationships between glycemic index and glycemic load and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in the US population are unknown. Methods: Using data from 13 907 participants aged 20 years and older in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), we examined the relationships between glycemic index and glycemic load, which were determined from a food frequency questionnaire and HDL-C concentration. Results: The age-adjusted mean HDL-C concentrations for increasing quintiles of glycemic index distribution were 1.38, 1.32, 1.30, 1.26, and 1.27 mmol/L (P<.001 for trend). (To convert millimoles per liter to milligrams per deciliter, divide by 0.0259.) After additional adjustment for sex, ethnicity, education, smoking status, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, energy fraction from carbohydrates and fat, and total energy intake, the mean HDL-C concentrations for ascending quintiles of glycemic index were 1.36, 1.31, 1.30, 1.27, and 1.28 mmol/L (P<.001 for trend). Adjusting for the same covariates and considering glycemic index as a continuous variable, we found a change in HDL-C concentration of -0.06 mmol/L per 15-unit increase in glycemic index (P<.001). The multiple R-2 for the model was 0.23. Similarly, the multivariate-adjusted mean HDL-C concentrations for ascending quintiles of glycemic load distribution were 1.35, 1.31, 1.31, 1.30, and 1.26 mmol/L (P<.001 for linear trend). The inverse relationships between glycemic index and glycemic load and HDL-C persisted across all subgroups of participants categorized by sex or body mass index. Conclusions: These findings from a nationally representative sample of US adults suggest that high dietary glycemic index and high glycemic load are associated with a lower concentration of plasma HDL-C. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 28 TC 153 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 26 PY 2001 VL 161 IS 4 BP 572 EP 576 DI 10.1001/archinte.161.4.572 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 404AT UT WOS:000167075800011 PM 11252117 ER PT J AU Murphy, TV Gargiullo, PM Massoudi, MS Nelson, DB Jumaan, AO Okoro, CA Zanardi, LR Setia, S Fair, E LeBaron, CW Schwartz, B Wharton, M Livingood, JR AF Murphy, TV Gargiullo, PM Massoudi, MS Nelson, DB Jumaan, AO Okoro, CA Zanardi, LR Setia, S Fair, E LeBaron, CW Schwartz, B Wharton, M Livingood, JR CA Rotavirus Intussception Investigat TI Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; DIARRHEA AB Background: Intussusception is a form of intestinal obstruction in which a segment of the bowel prolapses into a more distal segment. Our investigation began on May 27, 1999, after nine cases of infants who had intussusception after receiving the tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) were reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Methods: In 19 states, we assessed the potential association between RRV-TV and intussusception among infants at least 1 but less than 12 months old. Infants hospitalized between November 1, 1998, and June 30, 1999, were identified by systematic reviews of medical and radiologic records. Each infant with intussusception was matched according to age with four healthy control infants who had been born at the same hospital as the infant with intussusception. Information on vaccinations was verified by the provider. Results: Data were analyzed for 429 infants with intussusception and 1763 matched controls in a case-control analysis as well as for 432 infants with intussusception in a case-series analysis. Seventy-four of the 429 infants with intussusception (17.2 percent) and 226 of the 1763 controls (12.8 percent) had received RRV-TV (P=0.02). An increased risk of intussusception 3 to 14 days after the first dose of RRV-TV was found in the case-control analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 21.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 9.6 to 48.9). In the case-series analysis, the incidence-rate ratio was 29.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 16.1 to 53.6) for days 3 through 14 after a first dose. There was also an increase in the risk of intussusception after the second dose of the vaccine, but it was smaller than the increase in risk after the first dose. Assuming full implementation of a national program of vaccination with RRV-TV, we estimated that 1 case of intussusception attributable to the vaccine would occur for every 4670 to 9474 infants vaccinated. Conclusions: The strong association between vaccination with RRV-TV and intussusception among otherwise healthy infants supports the existence of a causal relation. Rotavirus vaccines with an improved safety profile are urgently needed. (N Engl J Med 2001;344:564-72.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murphy, TV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 573 Z9 591 U1 0 U2 11 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 22 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 8 BP 564 EP 572 DI 10.1056/NEJM200102223440804 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403LU UT WOS:000167044600004 PM 11207352 ER PT J AU Fleming, PL Jaffe, HW AF Fleming, PL Jaffe, HW TI AIDS among heterosexuals in surveillance reports. Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fleming, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 22 PY 2001 VL 344 IS 8 BP 612 EP 613 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403LU UT WOS:000167044600024 ER PT J AU Pena, G Svenkerud, E Liszka, B Hendricks, K Rawlings, J AF Pena, G Svenkerud, E Liszka, B Hendricks, K Rawlings, J CA CDC TI Underdiagnosis of Dengue - Laredo, Texas, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 57-59, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 City Laredo Hlth Dept, Laredo, Spain. Bur Communicable Dis Control, New York, NY USA. Bur Labs, New York, NY USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pena, G (reprint author), City Laredo Hlth Dept, Laredo, Spain. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 21 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 7 BP 877 EP 877 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 402BE UT WOS:000166965500010 ER PT J AU Friedman, MS Powell, KE Hutwagner, L Graham, LM Teague, WG AF Friedman, MS Powell, KE Hutwagner, L Graham, LM Teague, WG TI Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; UNITED-KINGDOM; MEXICO-CITY; POLLUTION; CHILDREN; OZONE; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY AB Context Vehicle exhaust is a major source of ozone and other air pollutants. Although high ground-level ozone pollution is associated with transient increases in asthma morbidity, the impact of citywide transportation changes on air quality and childhood asthma has not been studied. The alternative transportation strategy implemented during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ga, provided such an opportunity. Objective To describe traffic changes in Atlanta, Ca, during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games and concomitant changes in air quality and childhood asthma events. Design Ecological study comparing the 17 days of the Olympic Games (July 19-August 4, 1996) to a baseline period consisting of the 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the Olympic Games. Setting and Subjects Children aged 1 to 16 years who resided in the 5 central counties of metropolitan Atlanta and whose data were captured in 1 of 4 databases. Main Outcome Measures Citywide acute care visits and hospitalizations for asthma (asthma events) and nonasthma events, concentrations of major air pollutants, meteorological variables, and traffic counts. Results During the Olympic Games, the number of asthma acute care events decreased 41.6% (4.23 vs 2.47 daily events) in the Georgia Medicaid claims file, 44.1% (1.36 vs 0.76 daily events) in a health maintenance organization database, 11.1% (4.77 vs 4.24 daily events) in 2 pediatric emergency departments, and 19.1% (2.04 vs 1.65 daily hospitalizations) in the Georgia Hospital Discharge Database. The number of nonasthma acute care events in the 4 databases changed -3.1%, +1.3%, -2.1%, and +1.0%, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, only the reduction in asthma events recorded in the Medicaid database was significant (relative risk, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.86). Peak daily ozone concentrations decreased 27.9%, from 81.3 ppb during the baseline period to 58.6 ppb during the Olympic Games (P<.001). Peak weekday morning traffic counts dropped 22.5% (P<.001). Traffic counts were significantly correlated with that day's peak ozone concentration (average r=0.36 for all 4 roads examined). Meteorological conditions during the Olympic Games did not differ substantially from the baseline period. Conclusions Efforts to reduce downtown traffic congestion in Atlanta during the Olympic Games resulted in decreased traffic density, especially during the critical morning period. This was associated with a prolonged reduction in ozone pollution and significantly lower rates of childhood asthma events. These data provide support for efforts to reduce air pollution and improve health via reductions in motor vehicle traffic. C1 Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Chron Dis Injury & Environm Epidemiol Sect, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Egleston Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Pulm & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Pediat Pulm Associates, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Friedman, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 45 TC 286 Z9 293 U1 13 U2 57 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 21 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 7 BP 897 EP 905 DI 10.1001/jama.285.7.897 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 402BE UT WOS:000166965500027 PM 11180733 ER PT J AU Whiteman, DC Murphy, MFG Cook, LS Cramer, DW Hartge, P Marchbanks, PA Nasca, PC Ness, RB Purdie, DM Risch, HA AF Whiteman, DC Murphy, MFG Cook, LS Cramer, DW Hartge, P Marchbanks, PA Nasca, PC Ness, RB Purdie, DM Risch, HA TI Re: Multiple births and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fertil Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Oxford, Imperial Canc Res Fund, Gen Practice Res Grp, Oxford, England. Queensland Inst Med Res, Populat & Clin Sci Div, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. RP Whiteman, DC (reprint author), Queensland Inst Med Res, Populat & Clin Sci Div, PO Royal Brisbane Hosp, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD FEB 21 PY 2001 VL 93 IS 4 BP 319 EP 320 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 403NK UT WOS:000167049200018 ER PT J AU Khan, LK Serdula, MK Bowman, BA Williamson, DF AF Khan, LK Serdula, MK Bowman, BA Williamson, DF TI Use of prescription weight loss pills among US adults in 1996-1998 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE AB Background: Pharmacotherapy is recommended for the treatment of obese persons with a body mass index of 30 kg/m(2) or higher or a body mass index of at least 27 kg/m(2) plus an obesity-related comorbid condition. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of use of prescription weight loss pills in the United States in 1996-1998. Design: 1998 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationally representative telephone survey. Setting: United States. Participants: 139 779 adults 18 years of age and older. Measurements: Self-reported pill use for 1996-1998, body mass index (current and before pill use), age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Results: The 2-year prevalence of pill use was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.1% to 2.9%); or 4.6 million U.S. adults. Use was higher in women than in men (4.0% vs. 0.9%, respectively) and highest among Hispanic respondents (3.2%). Of pill users, 25% were not overweight (body mass index < 27 kg/m(2)) before using pills. Conclusions: Nearly 5 million U.S. adults used prescription weight loss pills in 1996-1998. However, one quarter of users were not overweight. suggesting that weight loss pills may be inappropriately used, especially among women, white persons, and Hispanic persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khan, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 134 IS 4 BP 282 EP 286 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403NW UT WOS:000167050200004 PM 11182838 ER PT J AU Davies, HD Adair, CE Schuchat, A Low, DE Sauve, RS McGeer, A AF Davies, HD Adair, CE Schuchat, A Low, DE Sauve, RS McGeer, A CA Alberta Neonatal Grp B Streptococ Toronto Invasive Bacterial Dis Net TI Physicians' prevention practices and incidence of neonatal group B streptococcal disease in 2 Canadian regions SO CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 26-29, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID EARLY-ONSET; INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INFECTION; COLONIZATION; STRATEGIES; SEPSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; POPULATION; PREGNANCY AB Background: The impact of expert guidelines on the prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease has not been studied in Canada.: Our aim was to determine physician practices with regard to this condition before and after publication of Canadian guidelines and to monitor concurrent trends in the incidence of neonatal GBS disease. Methods: We used repeat cross-sectional surveys, distributed by mail to ail family practitioners and obstetricians attending deliveries in Alberta and in the Metropolitan Toronto and Peel region, Ontario, in 1994, 1995 and 1997, to document prevention practices. Audits were conducted for a subset of respondents to confirm reported practices. Population-based surveillance involving all microbiology laboratories in both regions for 1995-1998 was used to document rates of neonatal disease. Results: The overall survey response rates were as follows: for 1994, 1128/1458 (77%); for 1995, 1054/1450 (73%); and for 1997, 1030/1421 (72%). During 1995 and 1997, significantly more obstetric care providers were screening at least 75% of pregnant women in their practices than had been the case in 1994 (747/916 [82%] and 693/812 [85%] v. 754/981 [77%]; p < 0.001). The percentage of obstetric care; providers who reported practice that conformed completely with any of 3 consensus prevention strategies increased from 10% in 1994 to 29% in 1997 (p < 0.001). There was a concurrent overall significant decrease in incidence of neonatal GBS disease during the same period. Interpretation: The adoption by Canadian obstetric care providers of neonatal GBS prevention practices recommended by expert groups was slow but improved significantly over time. These findings highlight the difficulties associated with achieving compliance with diverse and frequently changing recommendations. However, the associated incidence of neonatal GBS disease, which was low or declining, suggests that efforts to disseminate current CBS prevention guidelines have been moderately successful. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Paediat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Shared Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Shared Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Davies, HD (reprint author), Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Child Hlth Res Unit, 1820 Richmond Rd SW, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PI OTTAWA PA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 0820-3946 J9 CAN MED ASSOC J JI Can. Med. Assoc. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 164 IS 4 BP 479 EP 485 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403AN UT WOS:000167020500015 PM 11233867 ER PT J AU Bailar, JC Bailer, AJ AF Bailar, JC Bailer, AJ TI Environment and health: 9. The science of risk assessment SO CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Review C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Harris Sch Publ Policy, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bailar, JC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Rm MC-2007,5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jcbailar@midway.uchicago.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CMA-CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 0820-3946 J9 CAN MED ASSOC J JI Can. Med. Assoc. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 164 IS 4 BP 503 EP 506 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403AN UT WOS:000167020500020 PM 11233872 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A Narayan, KMV Imperatore, G AF Fagot-Campagna, A Narayan, KMV Imperatore, G TI Type 2 diabetes in children - Exemplifies the growing problem of chronic diseases SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fagot-Campagna, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 11 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD FEB 17 PY 2001 VL 322 IS 7283 BP 377 EP 378 DI 10.1136/bmj.322.7283.377 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 404JH UT WOS:000167093600003 PM 11179142 ER PT J AU Cohen, RA Boland, R Paul, R Tashima, KT Schoenbaum, EE Celentano, DD Schuman, P Smith, DK Carpenter, CCJ AF Cohen, RA Boland, R Paul, R Tashima, KT Schoenbaum, EE Celentano, DD Schuman, P Smith, DK Carpenter, CCJ TI Neurocognitive performance enhanced by highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HAART; highly active antiretroviral treatment; neurocognitive status; CD4 cell count; neurocognitive tests ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; COMBINATION THERAPY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DEMENTIA; SUPPRESSION; RNA AB Objective: To determine whether highly active retroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with better neurocognitive outcome overtime among HIV-infected women with severely impaired immune function. Methods: A semiannual neurocognitive examination on four tasks was administered: Color Trail Making, Controlled Oral Word Association, Grooved Pegboard and Four-Word Learning. This protocol was initiated in the HIV Epidemiological Research study (HERS) study when a woman's CD4 cell count fell to < 100 x 10(6) cells/l. Immune function (CD4), viral load status and depression severity (CESD) were also assessed semi-annually, along with an interview to determine medication intake and illicit drug use. Results: HAART was not available to any participant at the rime of enrollment (baseline), while 44% reported taking HAART at their most recent visit (mean duration of HAART 36.3 +/- 12.6 months). HAART-treated women had improved neurocognitive performance compared with those not treated with HAART. Women taking HAART for 18 months or more showed the strongest neurocognitive performance with improved verbal fluency psychomotor and executive functions. These functions worsened among women not taking HAART. Substance abuse status, severity of depressive symptoms, age and educational revel did not influence the HAART treatment effects on neurocognitive performance. Neurocognitive improvements were strongly associated with the magnitude of CD4 cell count increases. Conclusions: HAART appeared to produce beneficial effect on neurocognitive functioning in HIV-infected women with severely impaired immune systems. Benefits were greatest for women who reported receiving HAART for more than 18 months. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohen, RA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [5P30/AI-42853-02]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU-106795] NR 24 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 16 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1097/00002030-200102160-00007 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 403BM UT WOS:000167022700007 PM 11273214 ER PT J AU Vanichseni, S Kitayaporn, D Mastro, TD Mock, PA Raktham, S Des Jarlais, DC Sujarita, S Srisuwanvilai, L Young, NL Wasi, C Subbarao, S Heyward, WL Esparza, J Choopanya, K AF Vanichseni, S Kitayaporn, D Mastro, TD Mock, PA Raktham, S Des Jarlais, DC Sujarita, S Srisuwanvilai, L Young, NL Wasi, C Subbarao, S Heyward, WL Esparza, J Choopanya, K TI Continued high HIV-1 incidence in a vaccine trial preparatory cohort of injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 incidence; HIV-1 subtypes; injection drug use; incarceration; Thailand; Asia ID SUBTYPE-E; RISK REDUCTION; INFECTION; REGRESSION; TYPE-1; MEN AB Background: A large epidemic of HIV-1 subtype B began among injection drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok in 1988. Despite ongoing prevention efforts, HIV-1 prevalence among IDUs remained at 30-50% through the 1990s. Objectives: To measure the incidence of HIV-1 infection and related risk factors to guide prevention efforts and to evaluate the feasibility of conducting an HIV vaccine efficacy trial. Design and methods: A prospective cohort study in which IDUs attending methadone treatment programs in Bangkok were screened during 1995-1996 for enrollment into the study. IDUs found to be HIV-seronegative on two occasions were offered enrollment with follow-up visits every 4 months. On each visit participants were evaluated with a questionnaire and serologic testing. Results: A total of 1209 HIV-negative IDUs were enrolled. Through the end of 1998, the overall HIV-1 incidence rate was 5.8 (95% confidence interval, 4.8-6.8) per 100 person-years of follow-up. HIV-1 subtypes E and B accounted for 79 and 21% of infections, respectively. On multivariate analysis, HIV-1 seroconversion was primarily associated with the frequency of heroin injection, the sharing of injection equipment, and incarceration, especially with drug injection. Sexual behavior was not associated with increased risk for HIV-1. Risk factors for infection with HIV-I subtypes E and B were similar. Conclusion: HIV-1 transmission risk remains high among Bangkok IDUs despite methadone treatment and other current prevention strategies. There is an urgent need to address this ongoing epidemic, especially in jails and prisons. This study led to the initiation in 1999 of a phase ill HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial in this population. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Joint UN Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Mastro, TD (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 30 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 16 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1097/00002030-200102160-00013 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 403BM UT WOS:000167022700013 PM 11273220 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Ravindranath, R Valdez, R Narayan, KMV AF Kahn, HS Ravindranath, R Valdez, R Narayan, KMV TI Fingerprint ridge-count difference between adjacent fingertips (dR45) predicts upper-body tissue distribution: Evidence for early gestational programming SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age factors; anthropometry; body constitution; dermatoglyphics; diabetes mellitus; risk factors; survival rate ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL GROWTH; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; FAT DISTRIBUTION; FIRST-TRIMESTER; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-DISEASE; MEN AB Fingerprint ridge counts, which remain constant from the 19th week of pregnancy, are related to fingertip growth during early gestation. Each finger corresponds neurologically to a spinal-cord segment ranging from C6 (thumb, relatively cephalad) to C8 (fifth finger, relatively caudad). The authors hypothesized that large ridge-count differences between fingertips (cephalad > caudad) might reflect fetal inhibition of caudal growth. Among 69 male Atlanta, Georgia, military recruits (1994-1997; aged 17-22 years), they tested associations of the anthropometric waist-to-thigh ratio with 20 ridge-count differences. Waist-to-thigh ratio was associated with the ridge-count difference between the right fourth and fifth fingertips only (dR45; r = 0.36, p = 0.003). The race-adjusted standardized regression coefficient was 0.22 (95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.41). Since upper-body tissue distribution indicates disease risk, the authors then tested the association of age tan indicator of survivorship) with dR45 in a sample of 135 male patients from Bangalore, India (1989-1990; aged 38-82 years). Age was inversely associated with dR45 (r = -0.17, p = 0.04), notably among the 75 men with diabetes (r = -0.22, p = 0.06). An increased dR45 predicts an upper-body tissue distribution originating before the midpoint of pregnancy. The cause of this developmental pattern is unknown, but it may lead to reduced survivorship. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. St Johns Med Coll, Dept Anat, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 4 BP 338 EP 344 DI 10.1093/aje/153.4.338 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 400RX UT WOS:000166886400006 PM 11207151 ER PT J AU Talan, DA Moran, GJ Newdow, M Ong, S Mower, WR Nakase, JY Pinner, RW Slutsker, L AF Talan, DA Moran, GJ Newdow, M Ong, S Mower, WR Nakase, JY Pinner, RW Slutsker, L CA EMERGEncy ID NET Study Grp TI Etiology of bloody diarrhea among patients presenting to United States emergency departments Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and other enteropathogens SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN; ACUTE INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; 0157-H7; FEATURES; THERAPY AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infections have been associated with bloody diarrhea. The prevalence of enteropathogens among patients with bloody diarrhea was determined by a prospective study at 11 US emergency departments. Eligible patients had bloody stools, greater than or equal to3 loose stool samples per 24-h period, and an illness lasting <7 days. Among 873 patients with 877 episodes of bloody diarrhea, stool samples for culture were obtained in 549 episodes (62.6%). Stool cultures were more frequently ordered for patients with fever, >10 stools/day, and visibly bloody stools than for patients without these findings. Enteropathogens were identified in 168 episodes (30.6%): Shigella (15.3%), Campylobacter (6.2%), Salmonella (5.8%), STEC (2.6%), and other (1.6%). Enteropathogens were isolated during 12.5% of episodes that physicians thought were due to a noninfectious cause. The prevalence of STEC infection varied by site from 0% to 6.2%. Hospital admissions resulted from 195 episodes (23.4%). These data support recommendations that stool samples be cultured for patients with acute bloody diarrhea. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Talan, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr,N Annex, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. EM idnet@ucla.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU912342] NR 39 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 573 EP 580 DI 10.1086/318718 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 400DX UT WOS:000166857900008 PM 11181120 ER PT J AU Peterson, LR Hamilton, JD Baron, EJ Tompkins, LS Miller, JM Wilfert, CM Tenover, FC Thomson, RB AF Peterson, LR Hamilton, JD Baron, EJ Tompkins, LS Miller, JM Wilfert, CM Tenover, FC Thomson, RB TI Role of clinical microbiology laboratories in the management and control of infectious diseases and the delivery of health care SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; SERVICES; QUALITY; FUTURE AB Modern medicine has led to dramatic changes in infectious diseases practice. Vaccination and antibiotic therapy have benefited millions of persons. However, constrained resources now threaten our ability to adequately manage threats of infectious diseases by placing clinical microbiology services and expertise distant from the patient and their infectious diseases physician. Continuing in such a direction threatens quality of laboratory results, timeliness of diagnosis, appropriateness of treatment, effective communication, reduction of health care-associated infections, advances in infectious diseases practice, and training of future practitioners. Microbiology laboratories are the first lines of defense for detection of new antibiotic resistance, outbreaks of foodborne infection, and a possible bioterrorism event. Maintaining high-quality clinical microbiology laboratories on the site of the institution that they serve is the current best approach for managing today's problems of emerging infectious diseases and antimicrobial agent resistance by providing good patient care outcomes that actually save money. C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Evanston, IL USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peterson, LR (reprint author), NW Mem Hosp, NW Prevent Epictr, Galter Carriage House,Rm 701,251 E Huron St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 605 EP 610 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 400DX UT WOS:000166857900014 PM 11181125 ER PT J AU Hien, TV Loc, PP Hoa, NTT Duong, NM Quang, VM McNeil, MM Dung, NT Ashford, DA AF Hien, TV Loc, PP Hoa, NTT Duong, NM Quang, VM McNeil, MM Dung, NT Ashford, DA TI First cases of disseminated penicilliosis marneffei infection among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Vietnam SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID RISK-FACTORS; MANNOPROTEIN; DIAGNOSIS; VIRUS AB To our knowledge, this is the first report of penicilliosis marneffei among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Vietnam. The 4 patients we studied were from Ho Chi Minh City and the provinces of Tay Ninh, Dong Nai, and Kon Tum. In 2 patients, the infections were fatal. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cho Quan Hosp, Ctr Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-65, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP E78 EP E80 DI 10.1086/318703 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 400DX UT WOS:000166857900029 PM 11181140 ER PT J AU Ioannidis, JPA Abrams, EJ Ammann, A Bulterys, M Goedert, JJ Gray, L Korber, BT Mayaux, MJ Mofenson, LM Newell, ML Shapiro, DE Teglas, JP Wilfert, CM AF Ioannidis, JPA Abrams, EJ Ammann, A Bulterys, M Goedert, JJ Gray, L Korber, BT Mayaux, MJ Mofenson, LM Newell, ML Shapiro, DE Teglas, JP Wilfert, CM TI Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by pregnant women with RNA virus loads < 1000 copies/mL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; MATERNAL VIRAL LOAD; HIV-1 RNA; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; INFANT TRANSMISSION; PLASMA; RISK; QUANTIFICATION; EXPOSURE; THAILAND AB In a collaboration of 7 European and United States prospective studies, 44 cases of vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission were identified among 1202 women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/mL at delivery or at the measurement closest to delivery. For mothers receiving antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy or at the time of delivery (or both), there was a 1.0% transmission rate (8 of 834; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4%-1.9%), compared with 9.8% (36 of 368; 95% CI, 7.0%-13.4%) for untreated mothers (risk ratio, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05-0.21). In multivariate analysis adjusting for study, transmission was lower with antiretroviral treatment (odds ratio [OR], 0.10; P < .001), cesarean section (OR, 0.30; P = .022), greater birth weight (P = .003), and higher CD4 cell count (P = .039). In 12 of 44 cases, multiple RNA measurements were obtained during pregnancy or at the time of delivery or within 4 months after giving birth; in 10 of the 12 cases, the geometric mean virus load was >500 copies/mL. Perinatal HIV-1 transmission occurs in only 1% of treated women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/mL and may be almost eliminated with antiretroviral prophylaxis accompanied by suppression of maternal viremia. C1 Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Harlem Hosp Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. Global Strategies HIV Prevent, San Rafael, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mother Child Transmiss & Pediat & Adolescent Stud, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Inst Child Hlth, Dept Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, European Collaborat Study Coordinating Ctr, London, England. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Hop Kremlin Bicetre, INSERM, U292, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ioannidis, JPA (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RI Gray, Linsay/A-6741-2010; Ioannidis, John/G-9836-2011; OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808; Newell, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 41 TC 201 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 4 BP 539 EP 545 DI 10.1086/318530 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 395NG UT WOS:000166586000003 PM 11170978 ER PT J AU Heneine, W Switzer, WM Soucie, JM Evatt, BL Shanmugam, V Rosales, GV Matthews, A Sandstrom, P Folks, TM AF Heneine, W Switzer, WM Soucie, JM Evatt, BL Shanmugam, V Rosales, GV Matthews, A Sandstrom, P Folks, TM TI Evidence of porcine endogenous retroviruses in porcine factor VIII and evaluation of transmission to recipients with hemophilia SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-CELLS; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; XENOGRAFTS AB Since 1984, unheated porcine clotting factor VIII (Hyate:C) has been used to treat severe bleeding episodes in persons with hemophilia who have antibodies to human clotting factor. We document the presence of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in plasma samples of pigs and in clinical lots of Hyate:C. Both gag and pol PERV RNA sequences were detected by reverse-transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction in 13 of 13 lots of Hyate:C tested. Among 10 of these lots, RT activity also was detected, which confirms the presence of retroviral particles. To assess the transmission of PERV to Hyate:C recipients, we tested serum specimens from 88 recipients of Hyate: C and 23 noninfused control subjects for anti-PERV antibodies by using a Western blot assay. None of the samples was positive. Our data document that PERV particles are a common contaminant of Hyate:C products and suggest that the risk of PERV transmission from these percutaneous exposures is very low. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 4 BP 648 EP 652 DI 10.1086/318540 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 395NG UT WOS:000166586000017 PM 11170992 ER PT J AU Cummins, JE Bunn, WJ Hall, SD Donze, HH Mestecky, J Jackson, S AF Cummins, JE Bunn, WJ Hall, SD Donze, HH Mestecky, J Jackson, S TI In vitro exposure to highly cytopathic HIV-1 X4 strains increases expression of mucosa-associated integrins on CD4(+) T cells SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; T lymphocyte; mucosa; integrin; alpha 4 beta 7; alpha E beta 7; L-selectin; CXCR4; CD4; cytopathic ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; LAMINA PROPRIA; V3 LOOP; LYMPHOCYTES AB To determine whether infection with HIV-1 strains of different tropisms would influence expression of the mucosa-associated integrins alpha4 beta7 and alphaE beta7 or the lymph node homing receptor L-selectin on peripheral T lymphocytes, cells were infected with the CXCR4-tropic (X4)/syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV-1(IIIB) strain or with X4/SI or CCR5-tropic (R5)/non-SI (NSI) primary human isolates. Flow cytometric analyses of CD4(+) T cells from cultures infected with HIV-1(IIIB) and one X4/SI primary HIV-1 isolate revealed a significant increase in surface expression of alpha4 beta7 and alphaE beta7 12 days after infection. L-selectin expression was not significantly affected on CD4(+) T cells. However, infection with another X4/SI and two R5/NSI primary HIV-1 isolates did not significantly alter homing receptor expression on CD4(+) T cells. Since a higher degree of CD4 cytopathicity occurred in those cultures having increased integrin expression, these data suggest that significantly altered mucosal homing receptor expression on CD4(+) T cells may result as a "bystander" effect after infection with some cytopathic isolates of HIV-1. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Jackson, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Bldg 15,Room 2611,Mailstop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd N, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007051, AI-28147, AI-07051]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-12146] NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 280 IS 2 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0781 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 405BF UT WOS:000167136800012 PM 11162840 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Bulterys, M Nesheim, SR Lee, FK AF Kourtis, AP Bulterys, M Nesheim, SR Lee, FK TI Understanding the timing of HIV transmission from mother to infant SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; TYPE-1 INFECTION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Dept Pediat, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 44 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 14 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 6 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1001/jama.285.6.709 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 399MP UT WOS:000166817200002 PM 11176886 ER PT J AU Mostashari, F Poshni, I Edwin, B Layton, M Graham, D Bradley, C Kacica, M Wong, S Franchell, C Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Bresnitz, E Baisley, C Iton, A Archambault, G Mayo, D Hadler, J AF Mostashari, F Poshni, I Edwin, B Layton, M Graham, D Bradley, C Kacica, M Wong, S Franchell, C Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Bresnitz, E Baisley, C Iton, A Archambault, G Mayo, D Hadler, J CA CDC TI Serosurveys for West Nile Virus infection - New York and Connecticut counties, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 37-39, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Hauppauge, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Stamford Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Stamford, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Br, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mostashari, F (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 14 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 6 BP 727 EP 728 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 399MP UT WOS:000166817200013 ER PT J AU Hahn, C Mascola, L Cader, R Haake, D Vugia, D Easman, C Keystone, J Connor, B Purdue, J Hendricks, K Pape, J McFarland, L Eyeson-Annan, M Buck, P Artsob, H Evans, M Salmon, R Smyth, B Coleman, T Cardenas, V AF Hahn, C Mascola, L Cader, R Haake, D Vugia, D Easman, C Keystone, J Connor, B Purdue, J Hendricks, K Pape, J McFarland, L Eyeson-Annan, M Buck, P Artsob, H Evans, M Salmon, R Smyth, B Coleman, T Cardenas, V CA CDC TI Update: Outbreak of acute febrile illness among athletes participating in Eco-Challenge-Sabah 2000 - Borneo, Malaysia, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 21-24, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID LEPTOSPIROSIS C1 Idaho State Dept Publ Hlth, Boise, ID 83720 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Hosp Trop Dis, London NW1 0PE, England. Toronto Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. Cornell Univ, Travelers Hlth Serv, Ithaca, NY USA. Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Int Soc Travel Med, Geosentinel Global Surveillance Network, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept Publ Hlth, Austin, TX USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Louisiana Dept Publ Hlth, Baton Rouge, LA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada. PHLS Commjnicable Dis Surveillance Ctr, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. PHLS Leptospira Reference Unit, London, England. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Br, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Surveillance & Epidemiol Br, Div Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Ecochallenge Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, C (reprint author), Idaho State Dept Publ Hlth, Boise, ID 83720 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 14 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 6 BP 728 EP 730 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 399MP UT WOS:000166817200014 ER PT J AU Gibbons, RV Holman, RC Belay, ED Schonberger, LB AF Gibbons, RV Holman, RC Belay, ED Schonberger, LB TI Diagnosis and reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gibbons, RV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 14 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 6 BP 733 EP 734 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 399MP UT WOS:000166817200021 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH AF Dietz, WH TI The obesity epidemic in young children - Reduce television viewing and promote playing SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2001 VL 322 IS 7282 BP 313 EP 314 DI 10.1136/bmj.322.7282.313 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403NU UT WOS:000167050000005 PM 11159642 ER PT J AU Syriopoulou, V Brooks, JB Daikos, GL AF Syriopoulou, V Brooks, JB Daikos, GL TI Electron-capture gas chromatographic-chemical ionization mass spectrometric study of sera from people vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guerin for characteristic metabolites SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE bacille Calmette-Guerin; tuberculostearic acid ID TUBERCULOSTEARIC ACID; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID AB Serum samples from 26 individuals vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and from 26 controls (10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 16 non BCG-vaccinated healthy individuals) were analyzed by frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas chromatography (FPEC-GC) and chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIGC-MS) for the presence of characteristic metabolites. A distinct pattern consisted of tuberculostearic acid (TSA) and a peak, labeled peak 1, was observed in all BCG-vaccinated individuals, whereas only three of 26 controls generated this chromatography profile. TSA was detected in all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis but peak 1 was absent. Sera drawn from 12 individuals 11 to 14 days after BCG vaccination yielded three transitional FPEC-GC profiles. A permanent FPEC-GC profile consisting of TSA and of a full scale peak 1 appeared 28 days to a few months after BCG vaccination. Peak 1 was tentatively identified by CIGC-MS as 9-methyl-hexacosanol. The findings suggest that peak 1 may serve as a marker to detect Mycobacterium bovis BCG and to distinguish individuals infected with M. tuberculosis from individuals vaccinated with BCG. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Aghia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat 1, Athens 11527, Greece. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sismanogl Gen Hosp, Athens 15126, Greece. RP Syriopoulou, V (reprint author), Aghia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat 1, Thivon & Livadias St, Athens 11527, Greece. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD FEB 10 PY 2001 VL 751 IS 1 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)00465-5 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 399PC UT WOS:000166820700015 PM 11232844 ER PT J AU Treanor, JJ Wilkinson, BE Masseoud, F Hu-Primmer, J Battaglia, R O'Brien, D Wolff, M Rabinovich, G Blackwelder, W Katz, JM AF Treanor, JJ Wilkinson, BE Masseoud, F Hu-Primmer, J Battaglia, R O'Brien, D Wolff, M Rabinovich, G Blackwelder, W Katz, JM TI Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant hemagglutinin vaccine for H5 influenza in humans SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ECPI World Vaccine Congress CY SEP 27-29, 1999 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND DE avian influenza; vaccines; clinical trials ID HEALTHY-ADULTS; A VIRUSES; HONG-KONG; ANTIBODY; RESPONSES; DISEASE AB Recent outbreaks of avian influenza in humans have demonstrated the need for vaccines for influenza viruses with pandemic potential. Recombinant hemagglutinins are an attractive option for such vaccines because they do not require handling potentially highly pathogenic influenza viruses for vaccine production. In order to evaluate the immunogenicity, optimum dosing and timing of administration of a recombinant baculovirus-expressed H5 HA (rH5) in humans, 147 healthy adults were assigned randomly to receive intramuscular rH5 as two doses of 25, 45 or 90 mug each, one dose of 90 mug followed by a dose of 10 mug, or two doses of placebo, at intervals between doses of 21, 18 or 42 days. All doses of rH5 were well tolerated. The rH5 vaccine was modestly immunogenic at high dose. Neutralizing antibody responses to a titer of 1:80 or greater were seen in 23% (14/60) of individuals after a single dose of 90 mug, and in 52% (15/29) after two doses of 90 mug. Varying intervals between doses from 21 to 42 days had no significant effect on antibody responses to vaccination. These results suggest that baculovirus-expressed H5 HA can induce functional antibody in individuals who have not had prior exposure to H5 viruses, but that further studies to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine are needed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Infect Dis Unit, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Prot Sci Inc, Meriden, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Treanor, JJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Infect Dis Unit, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00044]; PHS HHS [A1 45248] NR 18 TC 255 Z9 271 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 8 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 13-14 BP 1732 EP 1737 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00395-9 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 402NN UT WOS:000166995200024 PM 11166898 ER PT J AU Geller, RJ Singleton, KL Tarantino, ML Drenzek, CL Toomey, KE AF Geller, RJ Singleton, KL Tarantino, ML Drenzek, CL Toomey, KE TI Nosocomial poisoning associated with emergency department treatment of organophosphate toxicity - Georgia, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 1156, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OLYMPIC-GAMES; INCIDENTS C1 Georgia Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Natl Pharmaceut Stockpile Br, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Svcs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Geller, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Poison Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 5 BP 527 EP 528 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397TV UT WOS:000166714200001 ER PT J CA World Hlth Org Natl Ctr Infect Dis CDC TI Certification of poliomyelitis eradication - Western Pacific region, October 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Manila, Philippines. WHO, Vaccines & Other Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Manila, Philippines. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 5 BP 528 EP 529 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397TV UT WOS:000166714200002 ER PT J CA CDC TI Progress in development of immunization registries - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 3, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Syst Dev Br, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Syst Dev Br, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 5 BP 529 EP 530 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397TV UT WOS:000166714200003 ER PT J AU Baron, RL Radtke, T AF Baron, RL Radtke, T TI Houseboat-associated carbon monoxide poisonings on Lake Powell - Arizona and Utah, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, 1105, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Pk Svc Glen Canyon Natl Recreat Area, Phoenix, AZ USA. Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. Dept Interior, Denver Field Off, Denver, CO USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baron, RL (reprint author), Natl Pk Svc Glen Canyon Natl Recreat Area, Phoenix, AZ USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 5 BP 530 EP 532 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397TV UT WOS:000166714200004 ER PT J AU Dezzutti, CS Guenthner, PC Cummins, JE Cabrera, T Lal, RB AF Dezzutti, CS Guenthner, PC Cummins, JE Cabrera, T Lal, RB TI Primary cervical and prostate epithelial cells are not productively infected with HIV-1, but may sequester the virus: implications for sexual transmission SO AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB PY 2001 VL 15 SU 1 BP S28 EP S28 DI 10.1097/00002030-200102001-00041 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 404JW UT WOS:000167095100037 ER PT J AU Evans-Strickfaden, T Garcia-Lerma, C Ellerbrock, TV Lennox, JL Wright, TC Pratt-Palmore, M Schnell, C Bush, T Hart, C AF Evans-Strickfaden, T Garcia-Lerma, C Ellerbrock, TV Lennox, JL Wright, TC Pratt-Palmore, M Schnell, C Bush, T Hart, C TI PCR-based quantification of replication-competent HIV-1 in female genital secretions SO AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB PY 2001 VL 15 SU 1 BP S21 EP S21 DI 10.1097/00002030-200102001-00026 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 404JW UT WOS:000167095100022 ER PT J AU Tharawan, K Manopaiboon, C Kilmarx, PH Korattana, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Mastro, TD Elias, C AF Tharawan, K Manopaiboon, C Kilmarx, PH Korattana, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Mastro, TD Elias, C TI Community consultation in northern Thailand: the Chiang Rai microbicide research community advisory group SO AIDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. HIV & AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB PY 2001 VL 15 SU 1 BP S63 EP S63 DI 10.1097/00002030-200102001-00093 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 404JW UT WOS:000167095100088 ER PT J AU Cotten-Oldenburg, NU Rosser, BRS DeBoer, J Rugg, DL Carr, P AF Cotten-Oldenburg, NU Rosser, BRS DeBoer, J Rugg, DL Carr, P TI Building strong linkages across the HIV prevention continuum: The practical lessons learned from a comprehensive evaluation effort in Minnesota SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB This article describes practical lessons learned from an evaluation of a continuum of HN prevention efforts and is intended to assist other states in strengthening their own HN prevention evaluation activities. In 1996 Minnesota launched several evaluation activities and began to examine how they could be linked across the HIV prevention continuum. Although each evaluation activity generated its own findings, this article examines the challenges faced and the solutions created when integrating these findings into the original steps of the HIV prevention continuum. Key points are highlighted to guide HIV professionals in their endeavors to develop an integrated approach to evaluation and to establish clear and logical linkages across the HIV prevention continuum. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, AIDS STD Prevent Serv Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Program Human Sexual, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cotten-Oldenburg, NU (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, AIDS STD Prevent Serv Sect, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU513188, U62/CCU513167] NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1521/aeap.13.1.29.18924 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 405HU UT WOS:000167154600002 PM 11252452 ER PT J AU Hilgartner, MW Maeder, MA Mahoney, EM Donfield, SM Evatt, BL Hoots, WK AF Hilgartner, MW Maeder, MA Mahoney, EM Donfield, SM Evatt, BL Hoots, WK CA Hemophilia Growth Dev Study TI Response to measles, mumps, and rubella revaccination among HIV-positive and HIV-negative children and adolescents with hemophilia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on response to measles, mumps, and rubella revaccination in children and adolescents with hemophilia was evaluated. Antibody levels of measles, mumps, and rubella were assayed at baseline and two annual examinations in 207 HIV-positive and 126 HIV-negative hemophiliacs participating in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS). Response to revaccination was analyzed for participants whose antibody levels were below the cut off at the start of a year-long observation period. Among HIV-positive participants, antibody levels were below cut-off in 52 subjects for measles, in 71 for mumps, and in 96 for rubella. Among HIV-negative participants, antibody levels were low in 23 subjects for measles, in 23 for mumps, and in 31 for rubella. For measles and mumps antigens, revaccination was associated with a significant increase in redraw antibody levels for HIV-negative participants, Although there was an increase in the mean measles titers for revaccinated HIV-positive participants, it was not significant. Revaccination was associated with an increase in rubella antibodies in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants. Revaccination with measles and mumps was associated with an increase in antibody levels in HIV-negative participants but not in HIV-positive participants, Both HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants responded to rubella revaccination with an increase in antibody levels. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 New York Presbyterian Hosp, Cornell Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, New York, NY USA. Parexel Inc, Waltham, MA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Rho Inc, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Hilgartner, MW (reprint author), New York Presbyterian Hosp, Dept Pediat Hematol Oncol, Cornell Med Ctr, Room N-812,525 East 68th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 66 IS 2 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1002/1096-8652(200102)66:2<92::AID-AJH1023>3.0.CO;2-J PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 392KQ UT WOS:000166410600004 PM 11421305 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Flanders, WD Yang, QH AF Satten, GA Flanders, WD Yang, QH TI Accounting for unmeasured population substructure in case-control studies of genetic association using a novel latent-class model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; COMPLEX HUMAN-DISEASES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; DIABETES-MELLITUS; ADMIXTURE; MARKERS AB We propose a novel latent-class approach to detect and account for population stratification in a case-control study of association between a candidate gene and a disease. In our approach, population substructure is detected and accounted for using data on additional loci that are in linkage equilibrium within subpopulations but have alleles that vary in frequency between subpopulations. We have tested our approach using simulated data based on allele frequencies in 12 short tandem repeat (STR) loci in four populations in Argentina. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Satten, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F-50,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 181 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 68 IS 2 BP 466 EP 477 DI 10.1086/318195 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 394LD UT WOS:000166524800016 PM 11170894 ER PT J AU Ruder, AM Ward, EM Brown, DP AF Ruder, AM Ward, EM Brown, DP TI Mortality in dry-cleaning workers: An update SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE solvents; occupational exposure; tetrachloroethylene; cohort studies; cancer mortality ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; RENAL-CELL CANCER; SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; PERCHLOROETHYLENE AB Background A cohort of 1,708 dry-cleaning workers identified from union records was exposed to perchloroethylene (PCE), a known animal carcinogen and probable human carcinogen, for at least 1 year before 1960. Many workers also had exposure to Stoddard solvent, a petroleum-based dry-cleaning solvent. Methods Vital status was updated through 1996 and life table analyses conducted. Results The cohort had excess cancer mortality (271 deaths, standardized mortality ratio [SMR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.41). Elevated SMRs for tongue, bladder; esophagus, intestine, lung and cervical cancer; pneumonia, and diseases of the stomach and duodenum were statistically significant. Conclusion The current study confirms findings of prior updates and other studies that dry-cleaning workers have excess cancer mortality at several sites. Although important lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors exist for both cervical and esophageal cancer mortality excesses of these sites in the PCE only subcohort and among workers with longer duration of PCE exposure suggest an association with PCE exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:121-132, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ruder, AM (reprint author), NIOSH, Mailstop R-16,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 54 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1002/1097-0274(200102)39:2<121::AID-AJIM1000>3.0.CO;2-H PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 398KV UT WOS:000166756400001 PM 11170155 ER PT J AU Sanderson, WT Ward, EM Steenland, K Petersen, MR AF Sanderson, WT Ward, EM Steenland, K Petersen, MR TI Lung cancer case-control study of beryllium workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE beryllium; lung cancer; case-control study; lagged exposure; smoking confounding ID NONNEOPLASTIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; DIFFERENTIAL MISCLASSIFICATION; OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEART-DISEASE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; FLUORIDE; COHORT; BIAS AB Background Cohort mortality studies have found elevated lung cancer mortality among beryllium-exposed workers, but none evaluated the association between beryllium exposure level and lung cancer risk A nested case-control study of lung cancer within a beryllium processing plant was conducted to investigate the relationship between level of beryllium exposure and lung cancer. Methods Lung cancer cases were identified by mortality follow-up through 1992 of a cohort of male workers at a beryllium alloy production plant. Each of 142 lung cancer cases was age-race-matched to five controls. Calendar-time-specific beryllium exposure estimates were made for every job in the plant and were used to estimate workers' cumulative, average, and maximum exposures. The potential confounding effects of smoking were also evaluated. Results Lung cancer cases had shorter tenures and lower lifetime cumulative beryllium exposures than controls, but higher average and maximum exposures. However, after applying a 10- and 20-year lag, exposure metrics were higher for cases. Odds ratios in analyses lagged 20 years were significantly elevated for those with higher exposure compared to the lowest exposure category. Significant positive trends were seen with the log of the exposure metrics. Smoking did not appear to confound exposure-response analyses. Conclusion increased lung cancer among workers with higher bagged beryllium exposures and lack of evidence for confounding by cigarette smoking, provide further evidence that beryllium is a human lung carcinogen. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39.133-144, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Ind Wide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sanderson, WT (reprint author), NIOSH, Ind Wide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 34 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1002/1097-0274(200102)39:2<133::AID-AJIM1001>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 398KV UT WOS:000166756400002 PM 11170156 ER PT J AU Sanderson, WT Petersen, MR Ward, EM AF Sanderson, WT Petersen, MR Ward, EM TI Estimating historical exposures of workers in a beryllium manufacturing plant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE beryllium; retrospective exposure matrix; lung cancer; case-control study ID LUNG-CANCER; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB Background Beryllium is known to be toxic to the lungs, causing beryllium lung disease and associated with increased lung cancer risk. Airborne beryllium exposures have been monitored since the 1940s. This study describes methods used to measure airborne beryllium concentrations and how historical measurements from a beryllium manufacturing plant were used to estimate workers' exposures in a lung cancer case-control study. Methods Airborne beryllium concentrations had been measured using all-glass impingers, high-volume air filters, and personal respirable and total dust samplers. To provide consistency in exposure estimates over time, measurements collected by the other monitoring methods were converted to approximate the most frequently used high-volume, time-weighted average measurements. Because industrial hygiene measurements were not collected in every year for all jobs throughout the duration of the case-control study, exposure estimates had to be extrapolated from the existing measurements over time and across jobs. Results Over 7,000 historical measurements were available to estimate beryllium exposures of workers over time. Average exposures between jobs varied considerably and exposures for all jobs decreased dramatically between the 1940s and 1970s due to major plant production changes. Conclusions Although error in the exposure metrics for the cases and controls likely occurred due to limitations of the exposure assessment data, the exposure estimates for each job over time provided a reasonable, objective mechanism for categorizing workers by the relative exposures they were likely to have encountered during their tenure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:145-157, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sanderson, WT (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1002/1097-0274(200102)39:2<145::AID-AJIM1002>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 398KV UT WOS:000166756400003 PM 11170157 ER PT J AU Southwick, KL Hoffmann, K Ferree, K Matthews, J Salfinger, A AF Southwick, KL Hoffmann, K Ferree, K Matthews, J Salfinger, A TI Cluster of tuberculosis cases in North Carolina: Possible association with atomizer reuse SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; IDENTIFICATION; BRONCHOSCOPE; ABSCESSES; LIDOCAINE; ENDOSCOPY AB Background: Three patients with identical strains of M tuberculosis (TB) underwent bronchoscopy on the same day at hospital A. Methods: We reviewed each patient's clinical history, hospital A's infection control practices for bronchoscopies, and specimen and isolate handling at each of 3 laboratories involved. We searched for possible community links between patients. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed on TB isolates. Results: The first patient who underwent bronchoscopy had biopsy-confirmed granulomatous pulmonary TB. A sputum sample collected from the third patient 6 weeks after the bronchoscopy produced an isolate with an identical restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern to isolates collected during the bronchoscopies. No evidence existed for community transmission or laboratory contamination; the only common link was the bronchoscopy. Different bronchoscopes were used for each patient. Hospital ventilation and wall-suctioning were functioning well. Respiratory technicians reported sometimes reusing the nozzles of atomizers on more than one patient. A possible mechanism for transmission was contamination from the first patient of the atomizer ii it was used to apply lidocaine to the pharynx and nasal passages of other patients. Conclusions: A contaminated atomizer may have caused TB transmission during bronchoscopy. Hospital A changed to single-use atomizers after this investigation. C1 N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Gen Commun Dis Control Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Moore Reg Hosp, Pinehurst, NC USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Southwick, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Oregon Hlth Div, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1067/mic.2001.110213 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 401UR UT WOS:000166947100001 PM 11172311 ER PT J AU Sohn, AH Ostrowsky, BE Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Quirk, SB Jarvis, WR AF Sohn, AH Ostrowsky, BE Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Quirk, SB Jarvis, WR TI Evaluation of a successful vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus prevention intervention in a community of health care facilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FAECIUM; TRANSMISSION; COLONIZATION AB Background: In April 1997, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) emerged in several health care facilities in the Siouxland region and a VRE Task Force was formed. From 1997 through 1999, an evaluation of VRE prevalence at 30 facilities was performed. Methods: In 1999, we conducted a survey and focus groups of health care workers to address initial reactions to VRE, feasibility of the Task Force recommendations, and lessons learned. Results: Personnel at 29 (97%) facilities surveyed completed the questionnaire, and 15 health care workers from 11 facilities participated in 5 focus groups. The outcomes of expanded education and improved awareness of VRE for patients and health care workers were ranked the No. 1 priority overall and by long-term care facility personnel. Respondents agreed that Task Force recommendation adherence had significantly improved infection control (83%) and that the Task Force was an appropriate mechanism to coordinate infection control efforts (90%). Focus groups commented that it was most difficult to educate family members about VRE; they expressed concern about variation between VRE policies, especially between acute care and long-term care facilities, and about the quality of life of isolated patients. Conclusions: Our data illustrate that this intervention has been far-reaching and include the development of a health care infrastructure that may be used as a model to address additional health care issues (eg, emerging pathogens or biological threats). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Siouxland Dist Hlth Dept, Sioux City, IA USA. RP Sohn, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1067/mic.2001.109781 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 401UR UT WOS:000166947100009 PM 11172319 ER PT J AU Pandey, DK Labarthe, DR Goff, DC Chan, W Nichaman, MZ AF Pandey, DK Labarthe, DR Goff, DC Chan, W Nichaman, MZ TI Community-wide coronary heart disease mortality in Mexican Americans equals or exceeds that in non-Hispanic whites: The Corpus Christi Heart Project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; DEATH; STATISTICS; MEN AB PURPOSE: Previous comparisons of coronary heart disease mortality between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites have given paradoxic results: despite their adverse cardiovascular risk profiles, especially a greater prevalence of diabetes, Mexican Americans are reported to have lower rates of mortality from coronary heart disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a community-based surveillance among all residents of Nueces County, Texas, aged 25 to 74 years, from 1990 to 1994. All death certificates were obtained and coded, and deaths potentially related to coronary heart disease were selected and validated by standardized methods blinded to ethnicity. Validated in-hospital and out-of-hospital coronary heart disease mortality was compared between 785 Mexican Americans and 862 non-Hispanic white women and men. RESULTS: Validated coronary heart disease mortality in Mexican Americans exceeded that for non-Hispanic whites in the same community. Among women, definite coronary heart disease mortality was 40% greater among Mexican Americans irate ratio [RR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CII: 1.12 to 1.82), as was all coronary heart disease mortality (RR, 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.63). Among men, Mexican Americans had greater rates of all (RR, 1.1 1;95% CI: 0.96 to 1.28) and definite coronary heart disease mortality (RR, 1.16; 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.47), but the associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: When community-wide mortality rates from coronary heart disease are properly validated, Mexican Americans have rates equal to or higher than those of non-Hispanic whites. Community-based surveillance with validation of coronary heart disease as the cause of death is necessary to avoid the errors that occur with the use of death certificates alone. (C) 2001 by Excerpta Medica, inc. C1 Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Pandey, DK (reprint author), 1700 W Van Buren,Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL38429, HL53077] NR 43 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 110 IS 2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00667-7 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 398NA UT WOS:000166761500001 PM 11165547 ER PT J AU Wright, TC Subbarao, S Ellerbrock, TV Lennox, JL Evans-Strickfaden, T Smith, DG Hart, CE AF Wright, TC Subbarao, S Ellerbrock, TV Lennox, JL Evans-Strickfaden, T Smith, DG Hart, CE TI Human immunodeficiency virus 1 expression in the female genital tract in association with cervical inflammation and ulceration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus type 1; HIV-1; squamous intraepithelial lesion; cervix ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; TYPE-1 RNA; SECRETIONS; HIV-1; BLOOD; DNA; WOMEN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS AB OBJECTIVES: Determining the source of human immunodeficiency virus 1 in the female genital tract and identifying factors that influence the amount of virus shed are important in the understanding of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus 1 transmission. STUDY DESIGN: Cervicovaginal human immunodeficiency virus 1 ribonucleic acid shedding was quantified before and after treatment of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in 14 women. Genotypic analysis was performed on peptide HIV-1 env gp120 of the major human immunodeficiency virus 1 species in plasma and cervicovaginal lavage of selected samples. RESULTS: At 2 to 4 weeks after treatment, when cervices were inflamed and ulcerated, human immunodeficiency virus 1 ribonucleic acid in ravage samples increased 1.0 to 4.4 log 10. Genotypic analysis showed significant differences between the predominant human immunodeficiency virus 1 species in paired plasma and lavage samples from 2 of 4 women, suggesting that the increase in human immunodeficiency virus 1 was the result of local viral replication. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical inflammation and ulceration are associated with local human immunodeficiency virus 1 expression, which increases as much as 10,000-fold the amount of human immunodeficiency virus 1 shed into genital secretions. This may explain why sexually transmitted diseases are important risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Wright, TC (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, 630 W 168th St,Room 16-428,P&S Bldg, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU206822] NR 18 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 184 IS 3 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.108999 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 408BF UT WOS:000167306100005 PM 11228474 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Thorsen, P Zywicki, S Arpi, M Westergaard, JG Schuchat, A AF Feikin, DR Thorsen, P Zywicki, S Arpi, M Westergaard, JG Schuchat, A TI Association between colonization with group B streptococci during pregnancy and preterm delivery among Danish women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE group B streptococci; preterm delivery; vaginal colonization during pregnancy ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PREMATURE RUPTURE; MEMBRANES; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; URINE; LABOR AB OBJECTIVE: We studied the relationship between group B streptococcal colonization and preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study at a single hospital in Odense, Denmark, cervicovaginal cultures were obtained at less than or equal to 24 weeks' gestation from all the women, at delivery from women with preterm deliveries, and from a random sample of women delivering at term. RESULTS: In 2846 singleton births. there was no significant association between group B streptococcal colonization at less than or equal to 24 weeks' gestation and preterm birth. After adjustment for the risk factors for preterm delivery, more women with preterm delivery (12/84, 14%) were colonized at delivery with group 8 streptococci than women with term deliveries (22/300, 7%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-6.8). Group B streptococcal colonization at less than or equal to 24 weeks' gestation and at delivery was significantly less likely to occur in the presence of normal vaginal flora. CONCLUSION: Group B streptococcal colonization at delivery, but not at less than or equal to 24 weeks' gestation, was associated with preterm delivery. C1 Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Thorsen, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Child Dev Disabil & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-F15, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 184 IS 3 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.109936 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 408BF UT WOS:000167306100029 PM 11228498 ER PT J AU Kassoff, A Kassoff, J Mehu, M Buehler, J Eglow, M Kaufman, F Kieval, S Margherio, RR Cox, MS Garretson, B Hassan, T Ruby, A Trese, MT Werner, JC Williams, GA Regan, V Manatrey, P Cumming, K Lewis, B Zajechowski, M Falk, R Streasick, P Szydlowski, L McIver, F Bridges, C Stanley, C Klein, ML Robertson, JE Wilson, DJ Beardsley, C Smith, G Howard, S Dreyer, RF Ma, C Chenoweth, RG Zilis, JD Crider, H Parker, S Sherman, K Martin, D Aaberg, TM Aaberg, TM Sternberg, P Curtis, L Gilman, J Myles, B Armiger, D Capone, A Saperstein, D Stribling, B Swords, R Orth, DH Flood, TP Civantos, J deBustros, S Packo, KH Merrill, PT MacLeod, C Morrison, C Bryant, DA Doherty, D Sandoval, S Seddon, JM Pinnolis, MK Jones-Devonish, DA Evans, C Davis, N Callahan, C Walsh, D Dubois, J Burton, I Rosenberg, NJ Patel, P Crouse, VD Snow, KK Chew, EY Ferris, FL Csaky, K Dabas, KH Goodman, L Kim, YJ Mercer, R Palmer, MC Ciatto, PF Kuehl, E Kivitz, I Koutsandreas, D Nashwinter, R Haughey, M Babilonia-Ayukawa, G La-Reau, A McCarthy, SA Ayres, LM Lopez, P Randall, A Friberg, TR Eller, A Gorin, MB Alexander, J Mack, B Paine, MK Corbin, PS Curtin, DY Ostroska, PP Warnicki, J Fijewski, E Bressler, SB Bressler, NM Cassel, G Finkelstein, D Goldberg, M Haller, JA Ratner, L Schachat, AP Sherman, SH Sunness, JS Schnenning, S Sackett, C Belt, J Cain, D Emmert, D Herring, M George, T Wheeler, S Elman, MJ Ballinger, R Betancourt, A Glasser, D Lammlein, J Seff, R Shuman, M Starr, J Carrigan, A Mathews, T Sotirakos, P Cain, T Ringrose, C Chandra, SR Davis, MD Ip, M Klein, R Nork, TM Stevens, T Blodi, B Gottlieb, J Walker, W Soderling, B Schmitz, M Perkins, T Blatz, M Harrison, B Knutson, G Neider, M Peterson, J Krolnik, D Somers, G Myers, FL Davis, MD Klein, BEK Klein, R Hubbard, L Armstrong, J Neider, M Wabers, H Kastorff, L Lang, K Badal, D Geithman, PL Miner, KD Dohm, KL Onofrey, JA Esser, B Hurtenbach, C Fisher, MR Robinson, NL Baliker, J Gai, C Craanen, S Webster, M Elledge, J Reed, S Bent, W Glander, KE Osterby, KR Reimers, J Magli, YL Brickbauer, J Ansay, S King, WN Miller, D Sowell, A Gunter, E Bowman, B Lindblad, AS Ederer, F Milton, RC Clemons, T Gensler, G Keller, A Entler, G Stine, E Brunson, K Berlin, SH Pallas, S Mengers, SA Scholl, PR Anand, R Ferris, FL Chew, EY Sperduto, R Kurinij, N AF Kassoff, A Kassoff, J Mehu, M Buehler, J Eglow, M Kaufman, F Kieval, S Margherio, RR Cox, MS Garretson, B Hassan, T Ruby, A Trese, MT Werner, JC Williams, GA Regan, V Manatrey, P Cumming, K Lewis, B Zajechowski, M Falk, R Streasick, P Szydlowski, L McIver, F Bridges, C Stanley, C Klein, ML Robertson, JE Wilson, DJ Beardsley, C Smith, G Howard, S Dreyer, RF Ma, C Chenoweth, RG Zilis, JD Crider, H Parker, S Sherman, K Martin, D Aaberg, TM Aaberg, TM Sternberg, P Curtis, L Gilman, J Myles, B Armiger, D Capone, A Saperstein, D Stribling, B Swords, R Orth, DH Flood, TP Civantos, J deBustros, S Packo, KH Merrill, PT MacLeod, C Morrison, C Bryant, DA Doherty, D Sandoval, S Seddon, JM Pinnolis, MK Jones-Devonish, DA Evans, C Davis, N Callahan, C Walsh, D Dubois, J Burton, I Rosenberg, NJ Patel, P Crouse, VD Snow, KK Chew, EY Ferris, FL Csaky, K Dabas, KH Goodman, L Kim, YJ Mercer, R Palmer, MC Ciatto, PF Kuehl, E Kivitz, I Koutsandreas, D Nashwinter, R Haughey, M Babilonia-Ayukawa, G La-Reau, A McCarthy, SA Ayres, LM Lopez, P Randall, A Friberg, TR Eller, A Gorin, MB Alexander, J Mack, B Paine, MK Corbin, PS Curtin, DY Ostroska, PP Warnicki, J Fijewski, E Bressler, SB Bressler, NM Cassel, G Finkelstein, D Goldberg, M Haller, JA Ratner, L Schachat, AP Sherman, SH Sunness, JS Schnenning, S Sackett, C Belt, J Cain, D Emmert, D Herring, M George, T Wheeler, S Elman, MJ Ballinger, R Betancourt, A Glasser, D Lammlein, J Seff, R Shuman, M Starr, J Carrigan, A Mathews, T Sotirakos, P Cain, T Ringrose, C Chandra, SR Davis, MD Ip, M Klein, R Nork, TM Stevens, T Blodi, B Gottlieb, J Walker, W Soderling, B Schmitz, M Perkins, T Blatz, M Harrison, B Knutson, G Neider, M Peterson, J Krolnik, D Somers, G Myers, FL Davis, MD Klein, BEK Klein, R Hubbard, L Armstrong, J Neider, M Wabers, H Kastorff, L Lang, K Badal, D Geithman, PL Miner, KD Dohm, KL Onofrey, JA Esser, B Hurtenbach, C Fisher, MR Robinson, NL Baliker, J Gai, C Craanen, S Webster, M Elledge, J Reed, S Bent, W Glander, KE Osterby, KR Reimers, J Magli, YL Brickbauer, J Ansay, S King, WN Miller, D Sowell, A Gunter, E Bowman, B Lindblad, AS Ederer, F Milton, RC Clemons, T Gensler, G Keller, A Entler, G Stine, E Brunson, K Berlin, SH Pallas, S Mengers, SA Scholl, PR Anand, R Ferris, FL Chew, EY Sperduto, R Kurinij, N CA Age-Related Eye Disease Study Res TI The age-related eye disease study (AREDS) system for classifying cataracts from photographs: AREDS report No. 4 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB PURPOSE: To describe the system for grading cataracts from photographs in the Age Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). METHODS: The system for grading cataracts in AREDS uses photographs taken in a standardized fashion with specially modified cameras at 11 clinical centers, The photographs are evaluated by graders for quality and cataract severity at a central reading center, The area of lens involvement is used to assess the severity of cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities, Optical density of nuclear opacity is graded against a series of seven standard photographs. Contemporaneous variability in grading is evaluated periodically by having a second examiner regrade a subset of the photographs. Temporal variability is assessed by annually regrading a subset of photographs. RESULTS: Photographs of 925 eyes, most with no or early lens opacities, were regraded to assess intergrader reliability. For cortical opacities, there was an absolute difference of 10% or greater of area involved in 1.9% of the replicate gradings. For posterior subcapsular opacities an absolute difference of 5% of area involved was noted in 2.8% of the regraded photographs. For nuclear opacities, absolute differences of 1.5 or more steps were observed in 0.6% of eyes. There was little evidence of temporal drift in grading any of the three types of opacity during four annual regrades. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a high degree of reliability in grading the severity of lens opacities in a large study cohort with mostly early lens changes, the type of cohort most likely to be entered in clinical trials involving cataract prevention. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study System for Classifying Cataracts From Photographs could be useful in studies where there is a need to standardize data collection over time and across different data collection sites. Limitations of the system include the cost of implementation and, currently, the limited amount of data on grading reproducibility for more advanced lens opacities. (Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:167-175. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved). C1 Associated Retinal Consultants PC, Royal Oak, MI USA. Devers Eye Inst, Portland, OR USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ingalls Mem Hosp, Harvey, IL USA. Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NEI, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Reading Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cent Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NEI, Project Off, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, Div Contracts & Grants, Bethesda, MD USA. Bausch & Lomb Pharmaceut, Rochester, NY USA. EMMES Corp, AREDS Coordinating Ctr, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. RP Kassoff, A (reprint author), EMMES Corp, AREDS Coordinating Ctr, 11325 7 Locks Rd, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. NR 3 TC 149 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 131 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 400KK UT WOS:000166870600002 ER PT J AU Satcher, D AF Satcher, D TI Note from the surgeon general - Foreword SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Satcher, D (reprint author), Care Of Zara S, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, DPRAM, MS K-73,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 SU S BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00303-2 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 401NZ UT WOS:000166935300001 PM 11173210 ER PT J AU Evans, CA Fielding, JE Brownson, RC Buffler, PA England, MJ Fleming, DW Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Land, GH Mahan, CS Mullen, PD Scrimshaw, SC Thompson, RS Lawrence, RS McGinnis, JM Novick, LF Teutsch, SM AF Evans, CA Fielding, JE Brownson, RC Buffler, PA England, MJ Fleming, DW Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Land, GH Mahan, CS Mullen, PD Scrimshaw, SC Thompson, RS Lawrence, RS McGinnis, JM Novick, LF Teutsch, SM CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Recommendations regarding interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE community health services; decision-making; evidence-based medicine; meta-analysis; practice guidelines; preventive health services; public health practice; smoking cessation; smoking prevention and control; review literature; tobacco smoke pollution; tobacco use cessation C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Evans, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, MS K-73,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 SU S BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 401NZ UT WOS:000166935300005 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DP Briss, PA Ricard, CJ Husten, CG Carande-Rulis, VG Fielding, JE Alao, MO McKenna, JW Sharp, DJ Harris, JR Woollery, TA Harris, KW AF Hopkins, DP Briss, PA Ricard, CJ Husten, CG Carande-Rulis, VG Fielding, JE Alao, MO McKenna, JW Sharp, DJ Harris, JR Woollery, TA Harris, KW CA Task Force Community Preventive TI Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure ao environmental tobacco smoke SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE smoking cessation; tobacco use cessation; tobacco smoke pollution; community health services; decision-making; evidence-based medicine; meta-analysis; review literature; practice guidelines; preventive health services; public health practice ID KARELIA-YOUTH-PROJECT; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; MIDWESTERN-PREVENTION-PROJECT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STANFORD 5-CITY PROJECT; MASS-MEDIA CAMPAIGN; FAMILY-PRACTICE RESIDENTS; DOCTORS HELPING SMOKERS; PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS; INDOOR AIR LAWS AB This report: presents the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, other effects, economic evaluations, and barriers to use of selected population-based interventions intended to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The related systematic reviews are linked by a common conceptual approach. These reviews form the basis of recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (TFCPS) regarding the use of these selected interventions. The TFCPS recommendations are presented on page 67 of this supplement. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): smoking cessation, tobacco use cessation, tobacco smoke pollution, community health services, decision-making, evidence-based medicine, meta-analysis, review literature, practice guidelines, preventive health services, public health practice (C) 2001 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Hopkins, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, MS K73,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 435 TC 279 Z9 286 U1 17 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 SU S BP 16 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00297-X PG 51 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 401NZ UT WOS:000166935300006 PM 11173215 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DP Husten, CG Fielding, JE Rosenquist, JN Westphal, LL AF Hopkins, DP Husten, CG Fielding, JE Rosenquist, JN Westphal, LL TI Evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke - A summary of selected guidelines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE community health services; decision-making; evidence-based medicine; practice guidelines; preventive health services; public health practice; smoking cessation; meta-analysis; review literature; tobacco smoke pollution; tobacco use cessation ID RANDOMIZED TRIAL; TRAINING-PROGRAM; FOLLOW-UP; PHYSICIANS; CESSATION; RESIDENTS; CANCER; COVERAGE; SKILLS; QUIT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Hopkins, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, MS K-73,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 49 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 SU S BP 67 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00298-1 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 401NZ UT WOS:000166935300007 PM 11173216 ER PT J AU Shenson, D Cassarino, L DiMartino, D Marantz, P Bolen, J Good, B Alderman, M AF Shenson, D Cassarino, L DiMartino, D Marantz, P Bolen, J Good, B Alderman, M TI Improving access to mammograms through community-based influenza clinics - A quasi-experimental study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE community networks; influenza vaccine; immunization; mammography; mass screening; preventive medicine; primary prevention; women's health ID SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; WOMEN; BREAST; COST AB Background: It is a national priority to increase breast-cancer screening among women aged greater than or equal to 50. Annual influenza clinics may represent an efficient setting in which to promote breast-cancer screening among older women. To our knowledge, this possibility has not previously been explored. Objective: To examine whether offering women attending community-based influenza clinics the opportunity to receive a scheduling telephone call from a mammography facility will result in an increase in the number of mammograms performed over a 6-month period. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design with 6-month follow-up. A contemporaneous population-based survey provided a further control group for comparison. The sample group consisted of a total of 284 women attending nine community-based influenza clinics in a semirural county in Connecticut. All women were aged greater than or equal to 50 and reported no mammogram in the preceding 12 months. All women received informational literature on mammography. Experimental subjects were each asked if a radiology facility chosen by the subject could call her at home to schedule a mammogram. Mammograms performed were determined by hospital record for participants who received a scheduling call from a radiology facility, and by self-report for all other participants. Results: Mammography use following access through influenza clinics was approximately twice that of women attending influenza clinics where access to mammography was not offered. Using three different assumptions regarding participants whose mammography status was unknown, the relative risks ranged between 1.6 and 2.1. For each assumption the results were statistically significant (chi (2)=8.51-12.2; p<0.001) Conclusions: Linking access to mammography at community-based influenza clinics can significantly increase the use of mammograms among women aged 50. Further studies should seek to confirm these findings and determine the degree to which they can be replicated in a variety of communities. Enhancing preventive health practice through the bundling of services suggests a new strategy to exploit available interventions to improve health. C1 SPARC, Lakeville, CT USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. SUNY, New Platz, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shenson, D (reprint author), SPARC, 76 Prince St, Newton, MA 02465 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00281-6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 400JR UT WOS:000166868900003 PM 11165449 ER PT J AU Curtis, AB McCray, E McKenna, M Onorato, IM AF Curtis, AB McCray, E McKenna, M Onorato, IM TI Completeness and timeliness of tuberculosis case reporting - A multistate study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE disease notification; epidemiologic methods; evaluation studies; registries; tuberculosis AB Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control activities are contingent on the timely identification and reporting of cases to public health authorities to ensure complete assessment and appropriate treatment of contacts: and identification of secondary cases. We report the results of a multistate evaluation of completeness and timeliness of reporting of TB cases in the United States during 1993 and 1994. Methods: To determine completeness of TB reporting, laboratory log books, death certificates, hospital discharge, Medicaid databases, and pharmacy databases were reviewed in seven states to identify possible unreported cases. Timeliness of TB reporting was calculated using the number of days between date of TB diagnosis and date of report to the local or state health department. Cases reported >7 days after diagnosis were considered to have delayed reporting. Results: Of 2711 cases identified through review of secondary data sources, 14 (0.5%) were previously unreported to public health. The largest yield of unreported cases was identified through review of laboratory records; 13 of the 14 unreported cases were identified, of which eight were found only through this method. Timeliness of reporting varied between sites from a median of 7 days to a median of 38 days. The number of cases with delayed reporting varied from 5% to 53% between sites. Factors associated with delayed reporting included infectiousness, type of provider, diagnosing provider, and reporting source. Conclusions: Through a review of several different secondary data sources, few unreported TB cases were detected; however, timeliness of reporting was poor among the reported cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Curtis, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00284-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 400JR UT WOS:000166868900005 PM 11165451 ER PT J AU Sly, DF Hopkins, RS Trapido, E Ray, S AF Sly, DF Hopkins, RS Trapido, E Ray, S TI Influence of a counteradvertising media campaign on initiation of smoking: The Florida "truth" campaign SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID YOUTH AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term effects of television advertisements from the Florida "truth" campaign on rates of smoking initiation. Methods. A follow-up survey of young people aged 12 to 17 years (n = -1820) interviewed during the first 6 months of the advertising campaign was conducted. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the independent effects of the campaign on smoking initiation while other factors were controlled for. Results. Youths scoring at intermediate and high levels on a media effect index were less likely to initiate smoking than youths who could not confirm awareness of television advertisements. Adjusted odds ratios between the media index and measures of initiation were similar within categories of age, sex, susceptibility, and whether a parent smoked. Conclusions. Exposure to the "truth" media campaign lowered the risk of youth smoking initiation. However, the analysis did not demonstrate that all such media programs will be effective. C1 Florida State Univ, Coll Social Sci, Ctr Study Populat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Tobacco Res & Evaluat Coordinating Ctr, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Sly, DF (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Social Sci, Ctr Study Populat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 19 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2001 VL 91 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.2.233 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BK UT WOS:000170344900009 PM 11211631 ER PT J AU Gaston, MH Vinicor, F AF Gaston, MH Vinicor, F TI Improving diabetes care in community health centers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID QUALITY C1 Bur Primary Hlth Care, US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gaston, MH (reprint author), Bur Primary Hlth Care, US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, East West Towers,4350 East West Highway,Room 11-1, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Cook, Sandy/B-4699-2014 OI Cook, Sandy/0000-0002-1828-2072 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2001 VL 91 IS 2 BP 319 EP 319 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.2.319 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BK UT WOS:000170344900029 PM 11211651 ER PT J AU Ley, C Mohar, A Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Figueroa, LS Halperin, D Parsonnet, J AF Ley, C Mohar, A Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Figueroa, LS Halperin, D Parsonnet, J TI Screening markers for chronic atrophic gastritis in Chiapas, Mexico SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; SERUM PEPSINOGEN LEVELS; HIGH-RISK; PERNICIOUS-ANEMIA; PEPTIC-ULCER; CANCER; POPULATION; LESIONS; ASSOCIATION; ANTIBODIES AB Intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinomas usually are preceded by chronic atrophic gastritis, Studies of gastric cancer prevention often rely on identification of this condition. In a clinical trial, we sought to determine the best serological screening method for chronic atrophic gastritis and compared our findings to the published literature. Test characteristics of potential screening tests (antibodies to Helicobacter pylori or CagA, elevated gastrin, low pepsinogen, increased age) alone or in combination were examined among consecutive subjects enrolled in a study of H. pylori and preneoplastic gastric lesions in Chiapas, Mexico; 70% had chronic atrophic gastritis, English-language articles concerning screening for chronic atrophic gastritis were also reviewed. Sensitivity for chronic atrophic gastritis was highest for antibodies to H. pylori (92%) or CagA, or gastrin levels >25 ng/l (both 83%), Specificity, however, was low for these tests (18, 41, and 22%, respectively). Pepsinogen levels were highly specific but insensitive markers of chronic atrophic gastritis (for pepsinogen I<25 g/l, sensitivity was 6% and specificity was 100%; for pepsinogen I:pepsinogen II ratio <2.5, sensitivity was 14% and specificity was 96%), Combinations of markers did not improve test characteristics. Screening test characteristics from the literature varied widely and did not consistently identify a good screening strategy. In this study, CagA antibodies alone had the best combination of test characteristics for chronic atrophic gastritis screening. However, no screening test was both highly sensitive and highly specific for chronic atrophic gastritis. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Div Epidemiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Geog Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colegio Frontera Sur, Div Poblac & Salud, San Cristobal de las Casa 29290, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Ley, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Div Epidemiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA67488] NR 37 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 401HR UT WOS:000166922600005 PM 11219766 ER PT J AU Edwards, VJ Anda, RF Nordenberg, DF Felitti, VJ Williamson, DF Wright, JA AF Edwards, VJ Anda, RF Nordenberg, DF Felitti, VJ Williamson, DF Wright, JA TI Bias assessment for child abuse survey: factors affecting probability of response to a survey about childhood abuse SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE childhood sexual abuse; response rates ID METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. Egleston Childrens Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Edwards, VJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 25 IS 2 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00238-6 PG 6 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 413JX UT WOS:000167610200009 PM 11330927 ER PT J AU Guerrant, RL Van Gilder, T Steiner, TS Thielman, NM Slutsker, L Tauxe, RV Hennessy, T Griffin, PM DuPont, H Sack, RB Tarr, P Neill, M Nachamkin, I Reller, LB Osterholm, MT Bennish, ML Pickering, LK AF Guerrant, RL Van Gilder, T Steiner, TS Thielman, NM Slutsker, L Tauxe, RV Hennessy, T Griffin, PM DuPont, H Sack, RB Tarr, P Neill, M Nachamkin, I Reller, LB Osterholm, MT Bennish, ML Pickering, LK TI Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA GASTROENTERITIS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE TREATMENT; DRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA; CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; ISOSPORA-BELLI INFECTION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL AB The widening array of recognized enteric pathogens and the increasing demand for cost-containment sharpen the need for careful clinical and public health guidelines based on the best evidence currently available. Adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement and maintenance are key to managing diarrheal illnesses. Thorough clinical and epidemiological evaluation must define the severity and type of illness (e. g., febrile, hemorrhagic, nosocomial, persistent, or inflammatory), exposures (e. g., travel, ingestion of raw or undercooked meat, seafood, or milk products, contacts who are ill, day care or institutional exposure, recent antibiotic use), and whether the patient is immunocompromised, in order to direct the performance of selective diagnostic cultures, toxin testing, parasite studies, and the administration of antimicrobial therapy (the latter as for traveler's diarrhea, shigellosis, and possibly Campylobacter jejuni enteritis). Increasing numbers of isolates resistant to antimicrobial agents and the risk of worsened illness (such as hemolytic uremic syndrome with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: H7) further complicate antimicrobial and antimotility drug use. Thus, prevention by avoidance of undercooked meat or seafood, avoidance of unpasteurized milk or soft cheese, and selected use of available typhoid vaccines for travelers to areas where typhoid is endemic are key to the control of infectious diarrhea. C1 Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Geog & Int Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. St Lukes Episcopal Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Brown Univ, Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Infect Control Advisory Net, Eden Prairie, MN USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Guerrant, RL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Geog & Int Med, Box 801379,Bldg MR-4,Room 3146,Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 225 TC 416 Z9 461 U1 3 U2 27 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 331 EP 351 DI 10.1086/318514 PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 397BW UT WOS:000166674300001 PM 11170940 ER PT J AU Lockman, S Kruuner, A Binkin, NJ Levina, K Wang, YC Danilovitsh, M Hoffner, SE Tappero, HW AF Lockman, S Kruuner, A Binkin, NJ Levina, K Wang, YC Danilovitsh, M Hoffner, SE Tappero, HW TI Clinical outcomes of Estonian patients with primary multidrug-resistant versus drug-susceptible tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; NEW-YORK; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Little is known about the clinical outcomes of patients with primary multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. Clinical outcomes among 46 patients in Estonia with primary MDR tuberculosis and 46 patients with pan-susceptible tuberculosis were compared. Patients with MDR tuberculosis were more likely than those with pansensitive tuberculosis to have treatment failure (odds ratio, 8.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-26.3) after adjusting for medical problems and weeks of effective treatment, often with second-line drugs. Ten patients (22%) with MDR tuberculosis and 2 (4%) with susceptible tuberculosis died of tuberculosis (P = .03). MDR tuberculosis (hazard ratio [HR], 7.8; 95% CI, 1.6- 37.4), number of medical problems (HR, 2.5;.03 95% CI, 1.5- 4.4), and male sex (HR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.1- 29.6) were associated with death due to tuberculosis in multivariable analysis. Human immunodeficiency virus test results were negative for all 55 patients tested. These findings underscore the urgent need for increased attention to prevention and treatment of MDR tuberculosis globally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Tartu, Lung Hosp, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. Kivimae Hosp, Tallinn, Estonia. Swedish Inst Infect Dis, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Tappero, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1086/318489 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 397BW UT WOS:000166674300005 PM 11170944 ER PT J AU Morse, SA AF Morse, SA TI New tests for bacterial sexually transmitted diseases SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; STRAND DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; GENOME SEQUENCE; URINE SPECIMENS; REAL-TIME; SAMPLES; ASSAY AB Recent advances in diagnostic tests for sexually transmitted diseases include the development of a synthetic Venereal Disease Research Laboratory reagent that will improve the sensitivity and stability of nontreponemal serologic tests for syphilis. A second generation user friendly and high throughput nucleic acid amplification test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae has also been developed. Curr Opin Infect Dis 14:45-51. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STDs & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morse, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STDs & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1097/00001432-200102000-00009 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 397XH UT WOS:000166723300009 PM 11979115 ER PT J AU Rolka, DB Fagot-Campagna, A Narayan, KMV AF Rolka, DB Fagot-Campagna, A Narayan, KMV TI Aspirin use among adults with diabetes - Estimates from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; RISK; MELLITUS; TRIAL; WOMEN; DRUG AB OBJECTIVE- Since 1997, the American Diabetes Association has recommended that aspirin therapy be considered for adults with diabetes who have cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors. We examined the prevalence of regular aspirin use among adults in the U.S. with diagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) used a probability sample of the U.S. population and included an interview physical examination, and laboratory studies. Among the survey participants were 1,503 adults (age greater than or equal to 21 years) with sell-reported diabetes. We defined regular aspirin use as reported having taken aspirin greater than or equal to 15 times in the previous month. CVD conditions were self-reported heart attack and stroke and symptoms of angina and claudication. CVD risk factors included smoking, hypertension, obesity albuminuria, lipid abnormalities, and family history of heart attack. RESULTS- An estimated 27% of adults with diabetes had CVD, and an additional 71% had one or more CVD risk factors. Aspirin was used regularly by 37% of those with CVD and by 13% of those with risk factors only. Adjusted odds of regular aspirin use were significantly greater for individuals with CVD than for those with one CVD risk factor (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3); for non-Hispanic whites than for blacks, Mexican-Americans, and others (OR = 2.5); and for individuals age 40-59 years than for those <40 years (OR = 33.3). CONCLUSIONS- Nearly every adult in the U.S. with diabetes has at least one risk factor for CVD and thus may be considered a potential candidate for aspirin therapy. During 1988-1994, only 20% (95% CI 16-23) took aspirin regularly. Major efforts are needed to increase aspirin use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rolka, DB (reprint author), Mailstop K-68,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 34 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.2.197 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 397EU UT WOS:000166681000002 PM 11213865 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Bowman, BA Nelson, DE Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F Marks, JS AF Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Bowman, BA Nelson, DE Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F Marks, JS TI The continuing increase of diabetes in the US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 412 EP 412 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.2.412 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 397EU UT WOS:000166681000043 PM 11213906 ER PT J AU Herman, WH Engelgau, MM AF Herman, WH Engelgau, MM TI Catch-22 - Response SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herman, WH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr,3920 Taubman Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 415 EP 415 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.2.415 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 397EU UT WOS:000166681000048 ER PT J AU Naeher, LP Smith, KR Leaderer, BP Neufeld, L Mage, DT AF Naeher, LP Smith, KR Leaderer, BP Neufeld, L Mage, DT TI Carbon monoxide as a tracer for assessing exposures to particulate matter in wood and gas cookstove households of highland Guatemala SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; FUEL COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; HEALTH AB Kitchen-area 22-h gravimetric PM2.5 and passive diffusion stain-tube carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were measured in homes with open fire and improved wood cookstoves in two studies. In the first study (Guat-2), which also studied homes with gas cookstoves, three samples were collected per stove condition from each of three test houses. In the second study (Guat-3), one sample was collected per house from 15 open fire and 25 improved-stove houses. CO personal samples were also taken for mother and child in both studies. Spearman correlation coefficients (R) between kitchen-area CO and PM2.5 levels in homes using open fires or impoved wood cookstoves were high ranging from 0.92 (Guat-2) to 0.94 (Guat-3), as were those between the personal samples for mother and child ranging from 0.85 (Guat-3) to 0.96 (Guat-2). In general, the correlations were lower for less-polluted conditions. The study found that CO is a good proxy for PM2.5 in homes using open fires or planchas (improved wood cookstove with chimney) but not under gas stove use conditions. It also determined that mother personal CO is a good proxy for child's (under 2 years of age) personal CO and that area CO measurements are not strongly representative of personal CO measurements. These results generally support the use of Draeger CO passive diffusion tubes as a proxy for PM2.5 in such cases where a single type of emission source is the predominant source for CO and PM2.5. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Div Nutr, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Temple Univ, Inst Survey Res, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Naeher, LP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mage, David/0000-0002-3880-566X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES05410] NR 21 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 3 BP 575 EP 581 DI 10.1021/es991225g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397ZA UT WOS:000166727700032 PM 11351731 ER PT J AU Dababneh, AJ Swanson, N Shell, RL AF Dababneh, AJ Swanson, N Shell, RL TI Impact of added rest breaks on the productivity and well being of workers SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE rest breaks AB The impact of frequent short rest breaks on the productivity and well being of a group of 30 workers in a meat-processing plant was studied. Two rest break schedules were tested, both of which provided 36 min of extra break time over the regular break schedule (30-min lunch and two 15-min breaks). In the first experimental rest break schedule, workers were given 12 3-min breaks evenly distributed over the workday (3-min break for every 27 min of work). In the second schedule, workers were given four 9-min breaks evenly distributed over the workday (9-min break every 51 min of work). Outcome measures included production rate and discomfort and stress ratings. Results showed that neither of the two experimental rest break schedules had a negative effect on production, and the 9-min break schedule improved discomfort ratings for the lower extremities. The workers in the study mostly preferred the 9-min rest break schedule, indicating that workers in general might not as readily accept fragmentation of break time into short, frequent breaks. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM awwad@ti.com NR 22 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 EI 1366-5847 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD FEB PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.1080/00140130121538 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 384EA UT WOS:000165927100004 PM 11209875 ER PT J AU Desai, MM Lentzner, HR Weeks, JD AF Desai, MM Lentzner, HR Weeks, JD TI Unmet need for personal assistance with activities of daily living among older adults SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE elderly persons; ADLs; disability; living arrangements ID LONG-TERM-CARE; CAREGIVER BURDEN; DISABILITY; EQUIPMENT AB Purpose: This study examined the prevalence, correlates, and negative consequences of unmet need for personal assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) among older adults. Design and Methods: The authors analyzed cross-sectional data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey's Supplement on Aging. Data were weighted to be representative of the noninstitutionalized population aged 70 years and older. Results: Overall, 20.7% of those needing help to perform 1 or more ADLs tan estimated 629,000 persons) reported receiving inadequate assistance; for individual ADLs, the prevalence of unmet need ranged from 10.2% (eating) to 20.1% (transferring). The likelihood of having 1 or more unmet needs was associated with lower household income, multiple ADL difficulties, and living alone. Nearly half of those with unmet needs reported experiencing a negative consequence (e.g., unable to eat when hungry) as a result of their unmet need. Implications:Greater, targeted efforts are needed to reduce the prevalence and consequences of unmet need for ADL assistance in elderly persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Weeks, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 21 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 8 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD FEB PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 PG 7 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 400ND UT WOS:000166877300009 PM 11220818 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, MH Jenkins, RA AF Goldschmidt, MH Jenkins, RA TI Factors associated with army obstetricians-gynecologists' practice of HIV prevention education during routine gynecologic care SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNITED-STATES; SIMULATED PATIENT; VIRUS INFECTION; TESTING PROGRAM; PHYSICIANS; UNCERTAINTY; WOMEN; BEHAVIOR AB The authors evaluate obstetricians-gynecologists' (OB-GYNs') anxiety about clinical uncertainty and patient, physician, and organizational factors associated with their selection of HIV-related educational activities for high-risk and low-risk written case simulations. A total of 117 U.S. Army OB-GYNs completed a mailed, anonymous questionnaire. Overall, informants were much less likely to educate in response to the low-risk simulation; however, more informants who were anxious about uncertainty were more likely to do so in a model that included supportive institutional policies, willingness to educate despite patient barriers, and comfort with the topic. OB-GYNs were more likely to educate in response to the high-risk simulation given greater willingness to discuss HIV despite organizational barriers, supportive policies, and comfort. Findings suggest a need to better understand the role that anxiety about uncertainty plays in HIV prevention and the need to promote organizational policies that support and remove barriers to clinically based education. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Div Hlth Promot & Sports Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goldschmidt, MH (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Div Hlth Promot & Sports Med, Mail Code CR110,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97201 USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 24 EP 39 DI 10.1177/109019810102800104 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 393ZP UT WOS:000166499800003 PM 11213140 ER PT J AU Sleet, DA AF Sleet, DA TI Injury prevention and public health: Practical knowledge, skills and strategies SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sleet, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.1093/her/16.1.102 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 403DG UT WOS:000167026800011 ER PT J AU Garcia-Garcia, MD Jimenez-Corona, A Jimenez-Corona, ME Ferreyra-Reyes, L Martinez, K Rivera-Chavira, B Martinez-Tapia, ME Valenzuela-Miramontes, E Palacios-Martinez, M Juarez-Sandino, L Valdespino-Gomez, JL AF Garcia-Garcia, MD Jimenez-Corona, A Jimenez-Corona, ME Ferreyra-Reyes, L Martinez, K Rivera-Chavira, B Martinez-Tapia, ME Valenzuela-Miramontes, E Palacios-Martinez, M Juarez-Sandino, L Valdespino-Gomez, JL TI Factors associated with tuberculin reactivity in two general hospitals in Mexico SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th IUATLD World Conference on Lung Health CY SEP 14-18, 1999 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP IUATLD ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; SKIN-TEST; URBAN; PREVALENCE; COUNTRIES AB OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with tuberculin reactivity in healthcare workers (HCWs). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of tuberculin reactivity (2 TU of purified protein derivative (PPD) RT23, using the Mantoux two-step test). SETTING: Two general hospitals located in a region with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and high bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) coverage. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of HCWs. RESULTS: 605 HCWs were recruited: 71.2% female; mean age, 36.4 (standard deviation [SD], 8.2) years; 48.9% nurses, 10.4% physicians, 26.8% administrative personnel; mean time of employment, 10.9 (SD, 6.7) years. PPD reactivity (greater than or equal to 10 mm) was found in 390 (64.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of tuberculin reactivity with occupational exposure in the hospital: participation in autopsies (odds ratio [OR], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.1-40.5; P = .003.), more than 1 year of employment (OR, 2.4; CI95, 1.1-5.0; P = .02), work in the emergency or radiology departments (OR, 2.0; CI95, 1.03-3.81; P = .04), being physicians or nurses (OR, 1.5; CI95, 1.04-2.11; P = .03), age (OR, 1.04; CI95, 1.02-1.07 per year of age; P < .001), and BCG scar (OR, 2.1; CI95, 1.2-3.4; P=.005). CONCLUSIONS: Although the studied population has a high baseline prevalence of tuberculosis infection and high coverage of BCG vaccination, nosocomial risk factors associated with PPD reactivity were identified as professional risks; strict early preventive measures must be implemented accordingly (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22:88-93). C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Secretaria Acad, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Autonoma Chicuahua, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Hosp Gen Reg 1, Unidad Morelos, IMSS, Chihuahua, Mexico. Hosp Gen Dr Salvador Zubiran Anchondo, Secretaria Salud, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Garcia-Garcia, MD (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Secretaria Acad, Ave Univ 655, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 22 IS 2 BP 88 EP 93 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 401NQ UT WOS:000166934300007 PM 11232884 ER PT J AU Styblo, K Bleiker, MA Chum, HJ Muwinge, H Sutherland, I Chum, HJ Muwinge, H Mbwana, E Mnape, A Mahimbo, P Blijker, I Misljenovic, O Verhage, C Kalisvaart, NA Borgdorff, MW Cauthen, G Nagelkerke, NJD Borgdorff, MW Broekmans, JF Egwaga, SM Nagelkerke, NJD AF Styblo, K Bleiker, MA Chum, HJ Muwinge, H Sutherland, I Chum, HJ Muwinge, H Mbwana, E Mnape, A Mahimbo, P Blijker, I Misljenovic, O Verhage, C Kalisvaart, NA Borgdorff, MW Cauthen, G Nagelkerke, NJD Borgdorff, MW Broekmans, JF Egwaga, SM Nagelkerke, NJD CA Tanzania Tuberculin Survey Collabo TI Tuberculosis control in the era of the HIV epidemic: risk of tuberculosis infection in Tanzania, 1983-1998 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; transmission; tuberculin survey; HIV; tuberculosis control ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; COUNTRIES; KENYA AB SETTING: In Tanzania, a national tuberculosis programme (NTP) was established in 1979 based on the principles currently known as the world Health Organization DOTS strategy. From the period 1983-1987 to 1994-1998, notification rates of smear-positive tuberculosis increased from 32 to 69 per 100 000 population, mainly due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the trend in the annual risk of tuberculosis infection and to establish to what extent the opposing forces of improved tuberculosis control and HIV have had an impact on tuberculosis transmission. METHODS: Three national surveys were conducted in Tanzania among primary school children at 5-year intervals. The annual risk of tuberculosis infection and its trend were determined by tuberculin skin testing. RESULTS: The annual risk of infection in children without BCG scar using the criterion '17 mm + 2 x 18 mm' or more was estimated at 1.1% in 1983-1987, 1.0 in 1988-1332, and 0.9% in 1993-1998. There appears to have been little change in the annual risk of infection over the study period, either when using other criteria to define infection or in children with a BCG scar. The estimated number of infections per notified case decreased over time from 36 to 19. CONCLUSIONS: Despite strongly increased tuberculosis notification rates in adults, associated with the HIV epidemic, the risk of tuberculosis infection in children appears to have been stable over the past 15 years in Tanzania. This remarkable achievement is probably due to the impact of the NTP on tuberculosis transmission. C1 KNCV, NL-2501 CC The Hague, Netherlands. Int TB Surveillance Ctr, The Hague, Netherlands. Natl TB & Leprosy Programme, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Inst Publ Hlth, MRC, Biostat Unit, Cambridge, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Borgdorff, MW (reprint author), KNCV, Postbus 146, NL-2501 CC The Hague, Netherlands. EM borgdorffm@kncvtbc.nl NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 5 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QD UT WOS:000168359100001 ER PT J AU Sackoff, JE Torian, LV Frieden, TR AF Sackoff, JE Torian, LV Frieden, TR TI TB prevention in HIV clinics in New York City SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; prevention; HIV infection ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED DRUG-USERS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; SAN-FRANCISCO; HIGH-RISK; TUBERCULOSIS; ANERGY; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PYRAZINAMIDE AB SETTING: Ten hospital-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in New York City. OBJECTIVE: TO evaluate tuberculosis (TB) prevention in HIV clinics based on the prevalence and incidence of TB and the efficacy of preventive therapy with isoniazid (INH). DESIGN: The medical records of 2393 HIV-infected patients with a first clinic visit in 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. Deaths and TB cases through December 1997 were ascertained through a match with the TB and AIDS registries. RESULTS: At first visit, 92 patients (4%) had a history of TB, 98 (4%) were being treated for TB, and six (<1%) were diagnosed with TB. During follow-up, 23 cases were diagnosed, an incidence of 0.53 per 100 person-years (py) (95% CI 0.34-0.77). Among 439 tuberculin skin test (TST) positive patients, the incidence of TB/100 py was 1.63 (95% CI 0.27-5.02) in patients with no INH, 1.28 (95% CI 0.40-2.98) in patients with <12 months of INH, and 1.06 (95% CI 0.38-2.28) in patients with <12 months of INH. The incidence/100 py was 0.0 (95 % CI 0.0-0.78) in TST-negative patients and 0.37 (95% CI 0.09-0.95) in anergic patients. The relative risk of TB was 0.65 (95% CI 0.14-4.56) in TS T-positive patients with <12 months of INH (vs. none). CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of TB prevention efforts in these HIV clinics from 1995 to 1997 were limited because most TB occurred before the first clinic visit. Methods for reaching HIV-infected patients earlier should be identified. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, Off AIDS Res, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sackoff, JE (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, Off AIDS Res, 346 Broadway,Room 706, New York, NY 10013 USA. FU PHS HHS [U52/CCU200462] NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 5 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QD UT WOS:000168359100003 PM 11258505 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Griffin, GE AF Lawn, SD Griffin, GE TI The irreversible cost of delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV co-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNE ACTIVATION; ADULTS C1 US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, TB & Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St George Hosp, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, London, England. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, TB & Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 5 IS 2 BP 200 EP 201 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QD UT WOS:000168359100014 PM 11258516 ER PT J AU Bernstein, DI Karnani, R Murphy, K Bernstein, C Berendis, B Hamilton, R Biagini, R Yeang, HY AF Bernstein, DI Karnani, R Murphy, K Bernstein, C Berendis, B Hamilton, R Biagini, R Yeang, HY TI Percutaneous sensitization to Hev b proteins in health care workers (HCW) reporting allergic reactions to natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves: Preliminary results SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Div Immunol, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 SU S MA 1048 BP S322 EP S322 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 405RE UT WOS:000167172301044 ER PT J AU Biagini, R Trout, D Mackenzie, BA Martinez, KF Wallingford, KM AF Biagini, R Trout, D Mackenzie, BA Martinez, KF Wallingford, KM TI Antibodies to roridin a-Hemisuccinate-human serum albumin in sera from workers exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum in a water-damaged building SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 SU S MA 423 BP S128 EP S128 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 405RE UT WOS:000167172300422 ER PT J AU Karnani, R Murphy, K Biagini, R Bernstein, D AF Karnani, R Murphy, K Biagini, R Bernstein, D TI Health and economic outcomes in latex allergic health care workers (HCWs) with clinical reactions associated with utilization of natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 107 IS 2 SU S MA 795 BP S242 EP S243 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 405RE UT WOS:000167172300791 ER PT J AU Green, TA Black, CM Johnson, RE AF Green, TA Black, CM Johnson, RE TI In defense of discrepant analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TEST SENSITIVITY; SPECIFICITY; DIAGNOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Green, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 54 IS 2 BP 210 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00288-2 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 399NN UT WOS:000166819400016 PM 11233066 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A AF Hadgu, A TI In defense of discrepant analysis - Response SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; TEST SENSITIVITY; BIAS; SPECIFICITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 54 IS 2 BP 212 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00290-0 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 399NN UT WOS:000166819400018 ER PT J AU Hannan, MM Desmond, EP Morlock, GP Mazurek, GH Crawford, JT AF Hannan, MM Desmond, EP Morlock, GP Mazurek, GH Crawford, JT TI Pyrazinamide-monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENE; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTIONS; ANIMALS; PNCA AB Mycobacterium bovis is naturally resistant to the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide (PZA). To determine whether all Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates demonstrating PZA monoresistance were truly M. bovis, we examined the phenotype and genotype of isolates reported as PZA monoresistant in five counties in California from January 1996 through June 1999. Isolates reported by local laboratories to be PZA monoresistant were sent to the state reference laboratory for repeat susceptibility testing using the BACTEC radiometric method and to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for pncA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the oxyR gene. Of 1,916 isolates, 14 were reported as PZA monoresistant and If. were available for retesting. On repeat testing, 6 of the 11 isolates were identified as PZA-susceptible M. tuberculosis, 1 was identified as PZA-monoresistant M. bovis, and 1 was identified as M. bovis BCG. The three remaining isolates were identified as PZA-monoresistant M. tuberculosis. Sequencing of the pncA and oxyR genes genotypically confirmed the two M. bovis and the six susceptible M. tuberculosis species. Each of the three PZA-monoresistant M. tuberculosis isolates had different, previously unreported, pncA gene mutations: a 24-bp deletion in frame after codon 88, a base substitution at codon 101 (Ser(104)Cys), and a base substitution at codon 90 (Ile(90)Ser). This study demonstrates that PZA monoresistance is not an absolute marker of M. bovis species but may also occur in M. tuberculosis, associated with a number of different mutational events in the pncA gene, It is the first report of PZA-monoresistant M. tuberculosis in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, London W2 1PG, England. RP Hannan, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailsop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 647 EP 650 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.2.647-650.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 398VA UT WOS:000166776100039 PM 11158123 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM Murga, R Bell, M Toscano, CM Carr, JH Novicki, TJ Zuckerman, C Corey, LC Miller, JM AF Donlan, RM Murga, R Bell, M Toscano, CM Carr, JH Novicki, TJ Zuckerman, C Corey, LC Miller, JM TI Protocol for detection of biofilms on needleless connectors attached to central venous catheters SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS AB Central venous catheter needleless connectors (NCs) have been shown to develop microbial contamination. A protocol was developed for the collection, processing, and examination of NCs to detect and measure biofilms on these devices. Sixty-three percent of 24 NCs collected from a bone marrow transplant center contained biofilms comprised primarily of coagulase-negative staphylococci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 750 EP 753 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.2.750-753.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 398VA UT WOS:000166776100059 PM 11158143 ER PT J AU Boras, A Bozinovic, D Tenover, FC Popovic, T AF Boras, A Bozinovic, D Tenover, FC Popovic, T TI First report of Neisseria meningitidis intermediately resistant to penicillin in Croatia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID STRAINS C1 Univ Zagreb, Hosp Infect Dis, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Hosp Infect Dis, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 823 EP 823 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.2.823.2001 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 398VA UT WOS:000166776100079 PM 11281120 ER PT J AU Sternberg, M AF Sternberg, M TI Discrepant analysis is still at large SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sternberg, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM msternberg@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 826 EP 826 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.2.826-827.2001 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 398VA UT WOS:000166776100081 PM 11281122 ER PT J AU Liz, JS Anderes, L Sumner, JW Massung, RF Gern, L Rutti, B Brossard, M AF Liz, JS Anderes, L Sumner, JW Massung, RF Gern, L Rutti, B Brossard, M TI PCR detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland (vol 38, pg 1002, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Dept Immunol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Dept Parasitol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Liz, JS (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, Dept Immunol, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 828 EP 828 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 398VA UT WOS:000166776100084 ER PT J AU Wynia, MK Coughlin, SS Alpert, S Cummins, DS Emanuel, LL AF Wynia, MK Coughlin, SS Alpert, S Cummins, DS Emanuel, LL TI Shared expectations for protection of identifiable health care information - Report of a national consensus process SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE health policy; health care information ID MEDICAL RECORDS; PATIENT RIGHTS; PRIVACY; CONFIDENTIALITY; ACCOUNTABILITY; SECURITY; COMPUTER; POLICY AB OBJECTIVE: The Ethical Force Program is a collaborative effort to create performance measures for ethics in health care. This report lays out areas of consensus that may be amenable to performance measurement on protecting the privacy, confidentiality and security of identifiable health information. DESIGN: Iterative consensus development process. PARTICIPANTS: The program's oversight body and its expert panel on privacy include national leaders representing the perspectives of physicians, patients, purchasers, health plans, hospitals, and medical ethicists as well as public health, law, and medical informatics experts. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS: The oversight body appointed a national Expert Advisory Panel on Privacy and Confidentiality in September 1998. This group compiled and reviewed existing norms, including governmental reports and legal standards, professional association policies, private organization statements and policies, accreditation standards, and ethical opinions. A set of specific and assessable expectations for ethical conduct in this domain was then drafted and refined through seven meetings over 16 months. In the final two iterations, each expectation was graded on a scale of 1 to 10 by each oversight body member on whether it was: (1) important, (2) universally applicable, (3) feasible to measure, and (4) realistic to implement. The expectations that did not score more than 7 (mean) on all 4 scales were reconsidered and retained only if the entire oversight body agreed that they should be used as potential subjects for performance measurement. Consensus was achieved on 34 specific expectations. The expectations fell into 8 content areas: addressing the need for transparency of policies and practices, consent for use and disclosure of identifiable information, limitations on what information can be collected and by whom, individuals' access to their own health records, security requirements for storage and transfer of information, provisions to ensure ongoing data quality, limitations on how identifiable information may be used, and provisions for meaningful accountability. CONCLUSIONS: This process established consensus on 34 measurable ethical expectations for the: protection of privacy and confidentiality in health care. These expectations should apply to any organization with access to personally identifiable health information, including managed care organizations, physician groups, hospitals, other provider organizations, and purchasers. Performance measurement on these expectations may improve accountability across the health care system. C1 Amer Med Assoc, Inst Eth, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Wynia, MK (reprint author), Amer Med Assoc, Inst Eth, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. NR 81 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 2 BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.00515.x PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 406VE UT WOS:000167236100005 PM 11251761 ER PT J AU Nakano, T Lu, L Hu, XL Mizokami, M Orito, E Shapiro, CN Hadler, SC Robertson, BH AF Nakano, T Lu, L Hu, XL Mizokami, M Orito, E Shapiro, CN Hadler, SC Robertson, BH TI Characterization of hepatitis B virus genotypes among Yucpa Indians in Venezuela SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CORE GENE; DELETION MUTANTS; S-GENE; INFECTION; VARIANTS; SUBTYPE; MUTATIONS; GENOMES; STRAINS AB The complete genome sequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from 12 HBV-infected Yucpa Indians of Venezuela, a group with highly endemic HBV, were amplified and sequenced. The 12 isolates were closely related to each other, with 98.6-100% nucleotide identity. A phylogenetic tree based on the complete genome indicated clearly that they were genotype F. Three individuals had evidence of infection with two different HBV deletion mutants. In two individuals, a three amino acid deletion was identified just prior to the 'a' determinant loop of the S region. A third individual was infected with virus that contained a complete core reading frame and a population that contained a deletion in the middle of the core region. These results indicate that genotype F HBV is present in the Venezuelan Yucpa Amerindians and the complete genome sequence allowed the identification of two unique deletion mutants in a limited set of samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med 2, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 82 BP 359 EP 365 PN 2 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 397LR UT WOS:000166697600011 PM 11161274 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Schnurr, D Maher, K al-Busaidy, S Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Schnurr, D Maher, K al-Busaidy, S Pallansch, MA TI Molecular identification of new picornaviruses and characterization of a proposed enterovirus 73 serotype SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCE; CLASSIFICATION; OUTBREAKS; VARIANTS; TAXONOMY AB Enteroviruses (EV) have traditionally been identified by using serotype-specific antisera in a virus-neutralization test. Three EV strains isolated in California, USA, in 1955, 1964 and 1978, and a 1995 Oman isolate, were found to be antigenically related to one another; however, the strains were not neutralized by standard EV typing antisera, suggesting that they may represent a new EV serotype, The isolates were characterized genetically by RT-PCR coupled with amplicon sequencing and comparison to a database of enterovirus nucleotide sequences, The strains were 75.3 to 87.2% identical to one another in complete VP1 nucleotide sequence, but no more than 68% identical in sequence to the prototype strain of any EV serotype, Their complete capsid sequences were closely related to one another, but only distantly related to those of any EV prototype strain, The California and Oman isolates were most closely related to members of EV cluster B, suggesting that they are unclassified members (i.e. a new serotype) of cluster B, The complete genome sequence was determined for one isolate, CA55-1988, and the predicted polyprotein sequence was 86.5 to 89.2% identical to those of other cluster B EV and 56.7 to 61.9% identical to the polyprotein sequences of EV belonging to other clusters. Isolation of this new EV serotype from samples obtained on two continents and over a period of 40 years suggests continued circulation over a wide geographical area, In keeping with standard picornavirus nomenclature, we propose that this new serotype be named 'enterovirus 73' (EV73). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Minist Hlth, Directorate Gen Hlth Affairs, Dept Labs, Muscat 113, Oman. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 94 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 82 BP 409 EP 416 PN 2 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 397LR UT WOS:000166697600017 PM 11161280 ER PT J AU Hannan, MM Peres, H Maltez, F Hayward, AC Machado, J Morgado, A Proenca, R Nelson, MR Bico, J Young, DB Gazzard, BS AF Hannan, MM Peres, H Maltez, F Hayward, AC Machado, J Morgado, A Proenca, R Nelson, MR Bico, J Young, DB Gazzard, BS TI Investigation and control of a large outbreak of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis at a central Lisbon hospital SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the European-Tuberculosis-Society CY JUN, 1997 CL CORDOBA, SPAIN SP European Tubercul Soc DE multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; nosocomial transmission; HIV infected; DNA fingerprinting ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MORTALITY; BOVIS AB An increase in the number of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) combined with poor clinical outcome was identified among HIV-infected injecting drug users attending a large HIV unit in central Lisbon. A retrospective epidemiological and laboratory study was conducted to review all newly diagnosed cases of TB from 1995 to 1996 in the HIV unit. Results showed that from 1995 to 1996, 63% (109/173) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from HIV-infected patients were resistant to one or more anti-tuberculosis drugs; 89% (95) of these were multidrug-resistant, i.e., resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Eighty percent of the multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) available for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP! DNA fingerprinting clustered into one of two large clusters. Epidemiological data support the conclusion that the transmission of MDR-TB occurred among HIV-infected injecting drug users exposed to infectious TB cases on open wards in the HIV unit. Improved infection control measures on the HIV unit and the use of empirical therapy with sis drugs once patients were suspected to have TB, reduced the incidence of MDR-TB from 42% of TB cases in 1996 to 11% in 1999. (C) 2001 The Hospital Infection Society. C1 Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol, London, England. Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, HIV Genitourinary Med Unit, London, England. Hosp Curry Cabral, Dept Microbiol, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Hosp Curry Cabral, Infect Dis Unit, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, London NW9 5EQ, England. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, London, England. RP Hannan, MM (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, Div TB Eliminat, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Hayward, Andrew/C-3268-2013 OI Hayward, Andrew/0000-0002-3549-6232 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6701 J9 J HOSP INFECT JI J. Hosp. Infect. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1053/jhin.2000.0884 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 406PD UT WOS:000167223600004 PM 11170771 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Bern, C Limor, J Sulaiman, I Roberts, J Checkley, W Cabrera, L Gilman, RH Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Bern, C Limor, J Sulaiman, I Roberts, J Checkley, W Cabrera, L Gilman, RH Lal, AA TI Identification of 5 types of Cryptosporidium parasites in children in Lima, Peru SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELS, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID PARVUM; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; GENUS AB Cryptosporidium parvum is usually considered to be the pathogen responsible for human cryptosporidiosis. We genotyped Cryptosporidium in 132 stool specimens from 80 Peruvian children, representing 85 infection episodes, using techniques that differentiate Cryptosporidium species and C. parvum genotypes. Five types of Cryptosporidium were identified: C. parvum human (67), bovine (8), and dog (2) genotypes, C. meleagridis (7), and C. felis (1). Twenty-five (29%) of the 85 infection episodes were associated with diarrhea. There was no significant difference in age, antecedent stunting, percentage with diarrhea, or duration of diarrhea for episodes with human genotype, compared with those of zoonotic Cryptosporidium. Duration of oocyst shedding was longer for human genotype than for zoonotic Cryptosporidium (mean, 13.9 days and 6.4 days, respectively; P = .004). Serum samples from 8 children with C. meleagridis, C. felis, or C. parvum dog genotype were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 antibodies; all were found to be negative. Contrary to common belief, novel Cryptosporidium species and C. parvum genotypes can infect HIV-negative children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Asociac Benef Proyectos & Informat Salud Med & Ag, Lima, Peru. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-U01-AI-35894-01] NR 22 TC 300 Z9 328 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 3 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1086/318090 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 390DG UT WOS:000166280000017 PM 11133382 ER PT J AU Rajeevan, MS Vernon, SD Taysavang, N Unger, ER AF Rajeevan, MS Vernon, SD Taysavang, N Unger, ER TI Validation of array-based gene expression profiles by real-time (kinetic) RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; DNA AMPLIFICATION; RNA AB We evaluated real-time (kinetic) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to validate differentially expressed genes identified by DNA arrays. Gene expression of two keratinocyte subclones differing in the physical state of human papillomavirus (episomal or integrated) was used as a model system. High-density filter arrays identified 444 of 588 genes as either negative or expressed with less than twofold difference, and the other 144 genes as expressed uniquely or with more than two-fold difference between the two subclones, Real-time RT-PCR used LightCycler-based SYBR Green I dye detection and melting curve analysis to validate the relative change in gene expression. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed the change in expression of 17 of 24 (71%) genes identified by high-density filter arrays. Genes with strong hybridization signals and at least twofold difference were likely to be validated by real-time RT-PCR This data suggests that (i) both hybridization intensity and the level of differential expression determine the Likelihood of validating high-density filter array results and (ii) genes identified by DNA arrays with a two- to fourfold difference in expression cannot be eliminated as false nor be accepted as true without validation. Real-time RT-PCR based on Light-Cycler technology is well-suited to validate DNA array results because it is quantitative, rapid, and requires 1000-foId less RNA than conventional assays. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 16 TC 234 Z9 240 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60646-0 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 401GN UT WOS:000166920000005 PM 11227069 ER PT J AU Flint, MS Valosen, JM Johnson, EA Miller, DB Tinkle, SS AF Flint, MS Valosen, JM Johnson, EA Miller, DB Tinkle, SS TI Restraint stress applied prior to chemical sensitization modulates the development of allergic contact dermatitis differently than restraint prior to challenge SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stress; corticosterone; RU486; skin; sensitization; cytokine ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; FACTOR-ALPHA; CORTICOSTEROIDS INHIBIT; LANGERHANS CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; IN-VIVO; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; INTERLEUKIN-1; INDUCTION AB BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged on the skin with the contact sensitizer, dinitroflourobenzene. Acute restraint applied before sensitization diminished, whereas restraint administered before challenge enhanced, chemical-induced ear swelling and leukocytic infiltration in the dermis. Administration of RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, partially reversed restraint modulation of the ear swelling response in both restraint paradigms. Restraint did not modulate significantly the concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in ear tissue homogenates. These data show that acute restraint modulates cutaneous sensitization differently than challenge, but the changes are not reflected in TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta production. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. MCP Hahnemann Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19144 USA. RP Tinkle, SS (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; OI Flint, Melanie/0000-0001-5311-3023 NR 44 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 113 IS 1 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00413-6 PG 9 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 395HM UT WOS:000166575000008 PM 11137578 ER EF