FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Woodruff, BA Vazquez, E AF Woodruff, BA Vazquez, E TI Prevalence of hepatitis virus infections in an institution for persons with developmental disabilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; B VIRUS; C VIRUS; RESIDENTIAL INSTITUTION; 2 INSTITUTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; SEROPREVALENCE; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB In 1994-1995, we collected medical and serologic data on viral hepatitis infection on 1,235 residents of Sonoma Developmental Center. Residents were mostly White and had lived in the Center over 10 years. Only 3 residents (.3%) had hepatitis C virus infection, and 633 (60.2%) had past or current hepatitis B virus infection. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection rose rapidly with longer residence in institutions. Past hepatitis A virus infection had occurred in 494 residents (42.1%). The rise in its prevalence with duration of residence was much less than that seen with hepatitis B virus infection. Although hepatitis C virus infection was relatively rare at the Center, many residents had past hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sonoma Dev Ctr, Eldridge, CA USA. RP Woodruff, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 107 IS 4 BP 278 EP 292 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0278:POHVII>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 573GK UT WOS:000176820800005 PM 12069647 ER PT J AU Hayes, E Marshall, S Dennis, D Feldman, K AF Hayes, E Marshall, S Dennis, D Feldman, K CA CDC TI Tularemia - United States, 1990-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 181-184, 2002) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID OUTBREAK C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hayes, E (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 138 IS 7 BP 988 EP 989 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 569RA UT WOS:000176614900025 ER PT J AU Lusk, SL Hagerty, BM Gillespie, B Caruso, CC AF Lusk, SL Hagerty, BM Gillespie, B Caruso, CC TI Chronic effects of workplace noise on blood pressure and heart rate SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; heart rate; noise; workplace noise ID COLLAR WORKERS; BLUE-COLLAR; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; INDUSTRY; DISEASE; STROKE AB Environmental noise levels in the United States are increasing, yet there are few studies in which the nonauditory effects of workplace noise are assessed. In the current study, the authors examined chronic effects of noise on blood pressure and heart rate in 374 workers at an automobile plant. Data were collected from subjects prior to the start of their workshift. Participants completed questionnaires about diet, alcohol use, lifestyle, noise annoyance, use of hearing protection, noise exposure outside of the work environment, personal and family health histories, and demographic information. Resting blood pressure, heart rate, and body mass index were obtained. Noise exposure levels were extracted retrospectively from company records for each participant for the past 5 yr. Summary statistics were generated for each variable, and the authors performed bivariate correlations to identify any unadjusted associations. The authors then completed statistical modeling to investigate the effects of noise on blood pressure and heart rate, after they controlled for other variables (e.g., gender, race, age). The authors controlled for confounding variables, after which use of hearing protection in high-noise areas was a significant predictor of a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The results suggested that the reduction of noise exposure by means of engineering controls or by consistent use of hearing protection by workers may positively affect health outcomes. C1 Univ Michigan, Occupat Hlth Nursing Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Stat Consultat & Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NIOSH, Taft Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lusk, SL (reprint author), 400 N Ingalls,Room 3182, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 57 IS 4 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634UM UT WOS:000180359800003 PM 12530593 ER PT J AU Park, RM Boal, WL Krebs, JM AF Park, RM Boal, WL Krebs, JM TI Letter to the editor SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID CLUSTER C1 NIOSH, Educat & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ind Hlth Sci Inc, Grosse Pointe Pk, MI 48230 USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Educat & Informat Div, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 57 IS 4 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634UM UT WOS:000180359800019 PM 12530609 ER PT J AU Gubler, DJ AF Gubler, DJ TI The global emergence/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Current Topics in Tropical Diseases CY OCT 18-19, 2001 CL MEXICO CITY, MEXICO DE arbovirus; dengue; emerging infectious diseases; Japanese encephalitis; Rift Valley fever; Venezuelan equine encephalitis; West Nile; Yellow fever ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; UNITED-STATES; YELLOW-FEVER; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NEW-YORK; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC AB During the past 20 years there has been a dramatic resurgence or emergence of epidemic arboviral diseases affecting both humans and domestic animals. These epidemics have been caused primarily by viruses thought to be under control such as dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis, or viruses that have expanded their geographic distribution such as West Nile and Rift Valley fever. Several of these viruses are presented as case studies to illustrate the changing epidemiology. The factors responsible for the dramatic resurgence of arboviral diseases in the waning years of the 20(th) century are discussed, as is the need for rebuilding the public health infrastructure to deal with epidemic vector-borne diseases in the 21(st) century. (C) 2002 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 78 TC 430 Z9 462 U1 9 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0188-4409 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 330 EP 342 AR PII S0188-4409(02)00378-8 DI 10.1016/S0188-4409(02)00378-8 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 587UH UT WOS:000177661400004 PM 12234522 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Temple, RS Chen, D Wright, MO Solomon, SL Peterson, LR AF Trick, WE Temple, RS Chen, D Wright, MO Solomon, SL Peterson, LR TI Patient colonization and environmental contamination by vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a rehabilitation facility SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Professional-in-Infection-Control-and-Epidemiology CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Assoc Profess Infect Control & Epidemiol DE drug resistance; enterococcus faecium; environmental microbiology; rehabilitation; vancomycin resistance ID CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FAECIUM AB Objectives: To determine the frequency of environmental contamination in patient and common-use rooms and patient colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A 146-bed rehabilitation facility. Participants: Rectal cultures were collected from 74 (80%) of 93 patients. Environmental cultures were obtained from surfaces in 15 patient rooms (5 floors) and common-use areas on 8 floors. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Gastrointestinal colonization of patients and environmental contamination of surfaces by VRE. Results: VRE was detected from 13 (18%) of 74 patients and 32 (10%) of 319 surfaces, The frequency of positive environmental cultures varied by location; cultures were more likely to be positive in patient rooms (15%), followed by common areas on patient floors (9%) and common areas separate from patient floors (1.3%). Surfaces were more likely to be positive in rooms with a VRE-colonized patient (24%), compared with rooms in which patient colonization status was unknown (13%, P=.13) or the patient was not colonized (0%, P=.002). Surfaces were more likely to be contaminated in a room that housed an incontinent compared with continent patients (22% vs 7%, P=.01). Conclusions: Although environmental contamination by VRE was common in patient rooms, contamination of common-use areas separate from patient floors was infrequent. Despite use of common-use areas by colonized patients, isolation practices at this facility appear to have minimized environmental surface contamination in these areas. C1 NW Mem Hosp, Prevent EpiCtr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Rehabil Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Trick, WE (reprint author), NW Mem Hosp, Prevent EpiCtr, Galter Carriage House,Ste 701B,215 E Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU515081] NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 83 IS 7 BP 899 EP 902 DI 10.1053/apmr.2002.32733 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 569KC UT WOS:000176600700003 PM 12098146 ER PT J AU Kuller, L Arnold, A Tracy, R Otvos, J Burke, G Psaty, B Siscovick, D Freedman, DS Kronmal, R AF Kuller, L Arnold, A Tracy, R Otvos, J Burke, G Psaty, B Siscovick, D Freedman, DS Kronmal, R TI Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lipoproteins and risk of coronary heart disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lipoproteins; women; subclinical disease; aging ID ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; ARTERY DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; HEPATIC LIPASE; PARTICLE-SIZE; OLDER-PEOPLE; MEN; CHOLESTEROL; ASSOCIATION AB Objectives-Relationships between incident cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein subclass measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were evaluated in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) in a nested case-cohort analysis. Methods and Results-The case group consisted of 434 participants with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and angina diagnosed after entry to the study (1990 to 1995) and the comparison group, 249 "healthy" participants with no prevalent clinical or subclinical disease. By univariate analysis, the median levels for healthy participants versus participants with incident MI and angina were 0 versus 7 mg% for small low density lipoprotein (LDL), 1501 versus 1680 nmol/L for the number of LDL particles, and 21.6 versus 21.3 for LDL size, and these values were significantly different between "healthy" participants and those with incident MI and angina for women but not men. The levels of less dense LDL, which is most of the total LDL cholesterol among women, was not related to incident MI and angina. For women, large high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), but not small HDLc, levels were significantly higher for healthy participants compared with levels for participants with MI and angina. For men and women, levels of total and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides were higher for the case group than for the healthy group. In multivariate models for women that included triglycerides and HDLc, the number of LDL particles (but not LDL size) remained significantly related to MI and angina. Conclusions-Small LDL, the size of LDL particles, and the greater number of LDL particles are related to incident coronary heart disease among older women. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. CHS Coordinating Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Pathol, Colchester, VT USA. LipoMed Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Serv, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Washington, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kuller, L (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 130 DeSoto ST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-85086, N01-HC-15103, N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-85079] NR 31 TC 197 Z9 201 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1175 EP 1180 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000022015.97341.3A PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 575ZQ UT WOS:000176978700023 PM 12117734 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GS Nylander-French, LA Sanderson, WT Dement, JM Cohen, PL Dooley, MA Treadwell, EL St Clair, EW Gilkeson, GS Hoppin, JA Savitz, DA AF Parks, CG Cooper, GS Nylander-French, LA Sanderson, WT Dement, JM Cohen, PL Dooley, MA Treadwell, EL St Clair, EW Gilkeson, GS Hoppin, JA Savitz, DA TI Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus - A population-based, case-control study in the southeastern United States SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO GLYCOPROTEIN TGP; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; REVISED CRITERIA; IN-VIVO; CANCER; DUST; SCLERODERMA; SMOKING; WORKERS AB Objective. Crystalline silica may act as an immune adjuvant to increase inflammation and antibody production, and findings of occupational cohort studies suggest that silica exposure may be a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We undertook this population-based study to examine the association between occupational silica exposure and SLE in the southeastern US. Methods. SLE patients (n = 265; diagnosed between January 1, 1995 and July 31, 1999) were recruited from 4 university rheumatology practices and 30 community-based rheumatologists in 60 contiguous counties. Controls (n = 355), frequency-matched to patients by age, sex, and state of residence, were randomly selected from driver's license registries. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 39 years; 91% were women and 60% were African American. Detailed occupational and farming histories were collected by in-person interviews. Silica exposure was determined through blinded assessment of job histories by 3 industrial hygienists, and potential medium- or high-level exposures were confirmed through followup telephone interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by logistic regression. Results. More patients (19%) than controls (8%) had a history of medium- or high-level silica exposure from farming or trades. We observed an association between silica and SLE (medium exposure OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.1-4.0], high exposure OR 4.6 [95% CI 1.4-15.4]) that was seen in separate analyses by sex, race, and at different levels of education. Conclusion. These results suggest that crystalline silica exposure may promote the development of SLE in some individuals. Additional research is recommended in other populations, using study designs that minimize potential selection bias and maximize the quality of exposure assessment. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Durham, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, A3-05,POB 12233, Durham, NC 27709 USA. OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 NR 56 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1840 EP 1850 DI 10.1002/art.10368 PG 11 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 572KK UT WOS:000176773200018 PM 12124868 ER PT J AU O'Broin, S Gunter, E AF O'Broin, S Gunter, E TI Dried-serum spot assay for folate SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID BLOOD SPOTS; FILTER-PAPER C1 St James Hosp, Dept Haematol, Dublin 8, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Broin, S (reprint author), St James Hosp, Dept Haematol, Dublin 8, Ireland. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1128 EP 1130 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 565MC UT WOS:000176373200033 PM 12089193 ER PT J AU Castrodale, L Beller, M Middaugh, J McCumber, B Mynes-Spink, K Bernth, G AF Castrodale, L Beller, M Middaugh, J McCumber, B Mynes-Spink, K Bernth, G TI Use of liver function tests to predict the magnitude of an outbreak of hepatitis A SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The results of liver function tests allowed local and state public health professionals in Alaska to accurately predict the magnitude of an outbreak of hepatitis A. C1 Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Castrodale, L (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Epidemiol Sect, POB 240249, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1086/340864 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 562EF UT WOS:000176183900015 PM 12060882 ER PT J AU Padhye, AA Hall, L Roberts, GD AF Padhye, AA Hall, L Roberts, GD TI Deep-seated trichosporonosis in an immunocompetent patient: A case report of uterine trichosporonosis - Correction SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PHIALOPHORA; HOFFMANNII C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 17,Rm 2045,Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 108 EP 109 DI 10.1086/340721 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 562EF UT WOS:000176183900023 PM 12060890 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS Garcia, LS AF Visvesvara, GS Garcia, LS TI Culture of protozoan parasites SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material AB The in vitro culture of protozoan parasites involves highly complex procedures, which are subject to many variables. These parasites have very complex life cycles and, depending on the life cycle stage, may require different culture parameters. However, in vitro cultivation is important for many reasons, some of which include: diagnosis, antigen and antibody production, assessment of parasite immune modulating capabilities, drug screening, improvements in chemotherapy, differentiation of clinical isolates, determination of strain differences, vaccine production, development of attenuated strains, and the continued supply of viable organisms for studying host-parasite interactions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. LSG & Associates, Santa Monica, CA 90402 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F36,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 327 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.3.327-328.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 572TP UT WOS:000176791300001 PM 12097241 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Sullivan, JJ AF Schuster, FL Sullivan, JJ TI Cultivation of clinically significant hemoflagellates SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BLOOD-STREAM FORMS; CELL-FREE MEDIUM; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI PROMASTIGOTES; TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI; AMASTIGOTE-LIKE FORMS; IN-VITRO CULTIVATION; SEMI-DEFINED MEDIUM; LONG-TERM CULTURE; SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; GROWTH-FACTOR AB The hemoflagellates, Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp., are causal agents of a number of parasitic diseases having a major impact on humans and domestic animals over vast areas of the globe. Among the diseases are some of the most pernicious and deadly of human afflictions: African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease, kala-azar, and Oriental sore. The organisms have complex, pleomorphic life cycles typically involving a vertebrate and an invertebrate host, the latter serving as a vector. In the vertebrate host, they are primarily blood and tissue parasites. In their transition from one host to another, the hemoflagellates undergo morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes that facilitate their growth and subsequent transmission. A major goal in the study, of the hemoflagellates has been the cultivation in vitro of both vertebrate and invertebrate stages of the organisms. The first types of media used in their cultivation, and still useful for establishment of cultures, were undefined and contained a complex of ingredients. These gave way to semidefined formulations which included tissue culture media as a base and, as a next step, addition of tissue culture cells as a feeder layer to promote parasite growth. More recently developed media are completely defined, having replaced the feeder cells with various supplements. Serum, a sometimes-variable component of the media, can be replaced by various serum substitutes. This review focuses on the hemoflagellates that infect humans, describing stages in the development of media leading to the fully defined formulations that are now available for the cultivation of many of these organisms. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 108 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 374 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.3.374-389.2002 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 572TP UT WOS:000176791300006 PM 12097246 ER PT J AU Arrowood, MJ AF Arrowood, MJ TI In vitro cultivation of Cryptosporidium species SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PARVUM IN-VITRO; ENTEROCYTE CELL-LINE; CHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY; DISCONTINUOUS SUCROSE; INVITRO CULTIVATION; CHICKEN EMBRYOS; HCT-8 CELLS; CULTURE; OOCYSTS; SPOROZOITES AB The in vitro cultivation of protozoan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium has advanced significantly in recent years. These obligate, intracellular parasites colonize the epithelium of the digestive and respiratory tracts, are often difficult to obtain in significant numbers, produce durable oocysts that defy conventional chemical disinfection methods, and are persistently infectious when stored at refrigerated temperatures (4 to 8degreesC). While continuous culture and efficient life cycle completion (oocyst production) have not yet been achieved in vitro, routine methods for parasite preparation and cell culture infection and assays for parasite life cycle development have been established. Parasite yields may be limited, but in vitro growth is sufficient to support a variety of research studies, including assessing potential drug therapies, evaluating oocyst disinfection methods, and characterizing life cycle stage development and differentiation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Arrowood, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 66 TC 58 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 390 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.3.390-400.2002 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 572TP UT WOS:000176791300007 PM 12097247 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS AF Visvesvara, GS TI In vitro cultivation of Microsporidia of clinical importance SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; AIDS PATIENT; SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS; VITTAFORMA-CORNEAE; NOSEMA-ALGERAE; HUMAN ISOLATE; WESTERN-BLOT; NASAL-MUCOSA; ATHYMIC MICE; CUNICULI AB Although attempts to develop methods for the in vitro cultivation of microsporidia began as early as 1937, the interest in the culture of these organisms was confined mostly to microsporidia that infect insects. The successful cultivation in 1969 of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, a microsporidium of mammalian origin, and the subsequent identification of these organisms as agents of human disease heightened interest in the cultivation of microsporidia I describe the methodology as well as the cell lines, the culture media, and culture conditions used in the in vitro culture of microsporidia such as Brachiola (Nosema) algerae, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. hellem, E. intestinalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Trachipleistophora hominis, and Vittaforma corneae that cause human disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, M S F36,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 52 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 401 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.3.401-413.2002 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 572TP UT WOS:000176791300008 PM 12097248 ER PT J AU Fields, BS Benson, RF Besser, RE AF Fields, BS Benson, RF Besser, RE TI Legionella and Legionnaires' disease: 25 years of investigation SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1 ANTIGEN; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTOZOAN HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; SEROLOGICAL CROSS-REACTION; ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR; NONCONCENTRATED URINE SAMPLES AB There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after it was first detected. The causative agents, legionellae, are freshwater bacteria with a fascinating ecology. These bacteria are intracellular pathogens of freshwater protozoa and utilize a similar mechanism to infect human phagocytic cells. There have been major advances in delineating the pathogenesis of legionellae through the identification of genes which allow the organism to bypass the endocytic pathways of both protozoan and human cells. Other bacteria that may share this novel infectious process are Coxiella burnetti and Brucella spp, More than 40 species and numerous serogroups of legionellae have been identified. Most diagnostic tests are directed at the species that causes most of the reported human cases of legionellosis, L. pneumophila serogroup 1. For this reason, information on the incidence of human respiratory disease attributable to other species and serogroups of legionellae is lacking. Improvements in diagnostic tests such as the urine antigen assay have inadvertently caused a decrease in the use of culture to detect infection, resulting in incomplete surveillance for legionellosis. Large, focal outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease continue to occur worldwide, and there is a critical need for surveillance for travel-related legionellosis in the United States. There is optimism that newly developed guidelines and water treatment practices can greatly reduce the incidence of this preventable illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fields, BS (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop GO3,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 291 TC 754 Z9 833 U1 14 U2 130 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 506 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 572TP UT WOS:000176791300014 PM 12097254 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Lau, J Smith, SJ Schmid, CH Engelgau, MM AF Norris, SL Lau, J Smith, SJ Schmid, CH Engelgau, MM TI Self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes - A meta-analysis of the effect on glycemic control SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION; PATIENT EDUCATION; METABOLIC CONTROL; OBESE PATIENTS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; META-ANALYSIS; MELLITUS; DIET; CARE AB OBJECTIVE - To evaluate the efficacy of self-management education on GHb in adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We searched for English language trials in Medline (1980-1999), Cinahl (1982-1999), and the Educational Resources Information Center database (ERIC) (1980-1999),and we manually searched review articles, journals With highest topic relevance, and reference lists of included articles. Studies were included if the), were randomized controlled trials that were published in the English language, tested the effect of self-management education on adults with type 2 diabetes, and reported extractable data on the effect of treatment on GHb. A total of 31 studies of 463 initially identified articles met selection criteria. We Computed net change in GHb, stratified by Follow-up interval, tested for trial heterogeneity, and calculated pooled effects sizes using random effects models. We examined the effect of baseline GHb, follow-up interval, and intervention characteristics oil GHb. RESULTS - On average, the intervention decreased GHb by 0.76% (95% CI 0.34-1.18) more than the control group at immediate follow-up, by 0.26% (0.21% increase -0.73% decrease) at 1-3 months of follow-up and by 0.26%) (0.05-0.48) at greater than or equal to4 months of Follow-up. GHb decreased more with additional Contact nine between participant and educator a decrease of 1% was noted for every additional 23.6 h (13.3-105.4) of contact. CONCLUSIONS - Self-management education improves GHb levels It immediate follow-up, and increased contact time increases the effect. The benefit declines 1-3 months after the intervention ceases, however, suggesting that learned behaviors change over time. Further research is needed to develop interventions effective in maintaining long-term glycemic control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30034 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Ctr Clin Evidence Synth, Div Clin Care Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Biostat Res Ctr, Div Clin Care Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ms K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30034 USA. OI Schmid, Christopher/0000-0002-0855-5313 NR 82 TC 682 Z9 705 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2002 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1159 EP 1171 DI 10.2337/diacare.25.7.1159 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UA UT WOS:000185504000009 PM 12087014 ER PT J AU Suntharam, N Lankford, MG Trick, WE Peterson, LR Noskin, GA AF Suntharam, N Lankford, MG Trick, WE Peterson, LR Noskin, GA TI Risk factors for acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci among hematology-oncology patients SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FAECALIS BACTEREMIA; FAECIUM; COLONIZATION; UNIT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOSPITALS; CARRIAGE; OUTBREAK AB The incidence of VRE has increased dramatically and hematology-oncology patients are at high risk, for acquisition of colonization and development of infection. Therefore, we performed a prospective cohort study to determine risk factors for VRE acquisition among hematology-oncology patient,,. Patients admitted to a single unit at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which was predominantly comprised of patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stern cell transplants, were enrolled. Rectal or perianal swabs were obtained on hospital day 1, 4, 7 and their weekly thereafter. Data were collected by medical record review. We evaluated 155 study patients; 12 patients (7.7%) converted from VRE negative to positive. Anion, these 12 patients, 3 were positive on prior admissions, and 9 acquired VRE during the Study. The median time to acquisition was 9 clays. The median length of stay was significantly longer for patients with VRE compared to those who were VRE negative (31 vs. 6 days, P < 0.01). Patients with VRE were significantly more likely than those without VRE to have had tin ICU admission within 3 months (P = 0.003), been admitted from an acute care facility (P = 0.001), or to have received amikacin (P = 0.02). Antimicrobials were commonly prescribed to all of the patients as 87% received an antimicrobial prior to their first swab. The crude mortality rate for patients with VRE was 67%. Prolonged length of stay, prior hospitalization, previous ICU admission and receipt of amikacin were risk factors associated with VRE acquisition among hematology-oncology patients. Mortality aniong these patients was high, due to serious underlying disease. 0 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Dept Pathol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NW Mem Hosp, Prevent Epictr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Noskin, GA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. FU PHS HHS [UR8/515081] NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 183 EP 188 AR PII S0732-8893(02)00392-9 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(02)00392-9 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 574RD UT WOS:000176902600002 PM 12106950 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Sanchez-Cordero, V Ben Beard, C Ramsey, JM AF Peterson, AT Sanchez-Cordero, V Ben Beard, C Ramsey, JM TI Ecologic niche modeling and potential reservoirs for Chagas disease, Mexico SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; TRIATOMINAE; PREDICTION; OAXACA AB Ecologic niche modeling may improve our understanding of epidemiologically relevant vector and parasite-reservoir distributions. We used this tool to identify host relationships of Triatoma species implicated in transmission of Chagas disease. Associations have been documented between the protracta complex (Triatoma: Triatominae: Reduviidae) with packrat species (Neotoma spp.), providing an excellent case study for the broader challenge of developing hypotheses of association. Species pairs that were identified coincided exactly with those in previous studies, suggesting that local interactions between Triatoma and Neotoma species and subspecies have implications at a geographic level. Nothing is known about sylvatic associates of T. barberi, which are considered the primary Chagas vector in Mexico; its geographic distribution coincided closely with that of N. mexicana, suggesting interaction. The presence of this species was confirmed in two regions where it had been predicted but not previously collected. This approach may help in identifying Chagas disease risk areas, planning vector-control strategies, and exploring parasite-reservoir associations for other emerging diseases. C1 Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CISEI, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Peterson, AT (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 25 TC 132 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 13 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 662 EP 667 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200004 PM 12095431 ER PT J AU Panackal, AA M'ikanatha, NM Tsui, FC McMahon, J Wagner, MM Dixon, BW Zubieta, J Phelan, M Mirza, S Morgan, J Jernigan, D Pasculle, AW Rankin, JT Hajjeh, RA Harrison, LH AF Panackal, AA M'ikanatha, NM Tsui, FC McMahon, J Wagner, MM Dixon, BW Zubieta, J Phelan, M Mirza, S Morgan, J Jernigan, D Pasculle, AW Rankin, JT Hajjeh, RA Harrison, LH TI Automatic electronic laboratory-based reporting of notifiable infectious diseases at a large health system SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE AB Electronic laboratory-based reporting, developed by the UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was evaluated to determine if it could be integrated into the conventional paper-based reporting system. We reviewed reports of 10 infectious diseases from 8 UPMC hospitals that reported to the Allegheny County Health Department in southwestern Pennsylvania during January 1-November 26, 2000. Electronic reports were received a median of 4 days earlier than conventional reports. The completeness of reporting was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66% to 81%) for the electronic laboratory-based reporting and 65% (95% CI 57% to 73%) for the conventional paper-based reporting system (p>0.05). Most reports (88%) missed by electronic laboratory-based reporting were caused by using free text. Automatic reporting was more rapid and as complete as conventional reporting. Using standardized coding and minimizing free text usage will increase the completeness of electronic laboratory-based reporting. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Allegheny Cty Hlth Dept, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Harrison, LH (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, 521 Parran Hall,130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. OI Panackal, Anil/0000-0001-5524-668X NR 15 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 685 EP 691 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200008 PM 12095435 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Hill, HA Volkova, NV Edwards, JR Lawton, RM Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE AF Fridkin, SK Hill, HA Volkova, NV Edwards, JR Lawton, RM Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE CA ICARE Project Hosp TI Temporal changes in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in 23 US hospitals SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENS; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; RATES AB Antimicrobial resistance is increasing in nearly all health-care-associated pathogens. We examined changes in resistance prevalence during 1996-1999 in 23 hospitals by using two statistical methods. When the traditional chi-square test of pooled mean resistance prevalence was used, most organisms appear to have increased in prevalence. However, when a more conservative test that accounts for changes within individual hospitals was used, significant increases in prevalence of resistance were consistently observed only for oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ciprofloxacin- or ofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli. These increases were significant only in isolates from patients outside intensive-care units (ICU). The increases seen are of concern; differences in factors present outside ICUs, such as excessive quinolone use or inadequate infection-control practices, may explain the observed trends. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop A35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 26 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 697 EP 701 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200010 PM 12095437 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Lawton, R Edwards, JR Tenover, FC McGowan, JE Gaynes, RP AF Fridkin, SK Lawton, R Edwards, JR Tenover, FC McGowan, JE Gaynes, RP CA ICARE Project NNIS Syst Hosp TI Monitoring antimicrobial use and resistance: Comparison with a national benchmark on reducing vancomycin use and vancomycin-resistant enterococci SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; EMERGENCE; MICROORGANISMS; SURVEILLANCE; GUIDELINES; LEADERS; SURGERY AB To determine if local monitoring data on vancomycin use directed quality improvement and decreased vancomycin use or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), we analyzed data from 50 intensive-care units (ICUs) at 20 U.S. hospitals reporting data on antimicrobial-resistant organisms and antimicrobial agent use. We compared local data with national benchmark data (aggregated from all study hospitals). After data were adjusted for changes in prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, changes in specific prescriber practice at ICUs were associated with significant decreases in vancomycin use (mean decrease -48 defined daily doses per 1,000 patient days, p<0.001). These ICUs also reported significant decreases in VRE prevalence compared with those not using unit-specific changes in practice (mean decrease of 7.5% compared with mean increase of 5.7%, p<0.001). In this study, practice changes focused towards specific ICUs were associated with decreases in ICU vancomycin use and VRE prevalence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, MS A35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 24 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 702 EP 707 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200011 PM 12095438 ER PT J AU Krusell, A Comer, JA Sexton, DJ AF Krusell, A Comer, JA Sexton, DJ TI Rickettsialpox in North Carolina: A case report SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AKARI C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NE Med Ctr, Concord, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Comer, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 727 EP 728 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200016 PM 12095443 ER PT J AU Komar, N Lanciotti, R Bowen, R Langevin, S Bunning, M AF Komar, N Lanciotti, R Bowen, R Langevin, S Bunning, M TI Detection of West Nile Virus in oral and cloacal swabs collected from bird carcasses SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 8 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 741 EP 742 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200021 PM 12095448 ER PT J AU LeDuc, JW Damon, I Meegan, JM Relman, DA Huggins, J Jahrling, PB AF LeDuc, JW Damon, I Meegan, JM Relman, DA Huggins, J Jahrling, PB TI Smallpox research activities: US Interagency collaboration, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP LeDuc, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 9 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2002 VL 8 IS 7 BP 743 EP 745 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 565XE UT WOS:000176394200022 PM 12095449 ER PT J AU Warner, M Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM Samuels, S Needham, L Patterson, D Brambilla, P AF Warner, M Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM Samuels, S Needham, L Patterson, D Brambilla, P TI Serum dioxin concentrations and breast cancer risk in the Seveso Women's Health Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; dioxin; epidemiology; tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ID MAMMARY-GLAND DIFFERENTIATION; YOUNG-POPULATION; SEX-RATIO; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; TCDD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WORKERS; GROWTH AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin), a widespread environmental contaminant, has been shown to disrupt multiple endocrine pathways. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified TCDD, as a known human carcinogen, primarily based on occupational studies of increased mortality from all cancers combined. Using data from the Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), we examined the association between individual serum TCDD levels and breast cancer risk in women residing around Seveso, Italy, in 1976, at the time of an industrial explosion that resulted in the highest known population exposure to TCDD. The SWHS cohort comprises 981 women who were infants to 40 years old in 1976, resided in the most contaminated areas at the time of the explosion, and had archived sera that was collected soon after the explosion. For each woman, serum TCDD exposure was measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cancer cases were identified during interview and confirmed by medical record. At interview, 15 women (1.5%) had been diagnosed with breast cancer and serum TCDD levels for cases ranged from 13 to 1,960 ppt. Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that the hazard ratio for breast cancer associated with a 10-fold increase in serum TCDD levels (log(10) TCDD) was significantly increased to 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-4.6). Covariate-adjusted results were not different. Individual serum TCDD is significantly related with breast cancer incidence among women in the SWHS cohort. Continued follow-up of the cohort will help shed light on the possible role of TCDD in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Div Occupat Environm Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Warner, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 FU FIC NIH HHS [F06 TW02075-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [2P30-ESO01896-17, R01 ES07171] NR 39 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 110 IS 7 BP 625 EP 628 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 585VZ UT WOS:000177546400020 PM 12117637 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Warner, M Samuels, S Vercellini, P Olive, D Needham, LL Patterson, DG Brambilla, P Gavoni, N Casalini, S Panazza, S Turner, W Gerthoux, PM AF Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Warner, M Samuels, S Vercellini, P Olive, D Needham, LL Patterson, DG Brambilla, P Gavoni, N Casalini, S Panazza, S Turner, W Gerthoux, PM TI Serum dioxin concentrations and endometriosis: A cohort study in Seveso, Italy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE dioxin; endometriosis; environmental exposures; epidemiology ID EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TCDD; PROMOTION; RISK; MICE; RESIDENTS; BIPHENYLS; WOMEN; RATS AB Dioxin, a ubiquitous contaminant of industrial combustion processes including medical waste incineration, has been implicated in the etiology of endometriosis in animals. We sought to determine whether dioxin exposure is associated with endometriosis in humans. We conducted a population-based historical cohort study 20 years after the 1976 factory explosion in Seveso, Italy, which resulted in the highest known population exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Participants were 601 female residents of the Seveso area who were less than or equal to 30 years old in 1976 and had adequate stored sera. Endometriosis disease status was defined by pelvic surgery, current transvaginal ultrasound, pelvic examination, and interview (for history of infertility and pelvic pain). "Cases" were women who had surgically confirmed disease or an ultrasound consistent with endometriosis. "Nondiseased" women had surgery with no evidence of endometriosis or no signs or symptoms. Other women had uncertain status. To assess TCDD exposure, individual levels of TCDD were measured in stored sera collected soon after the accident. We identified 19 women with endometriosis and 277 nondiseased women. The relative risk ratios (RRRs) for women with serum TCDD levels of 20.1-100 ppt and >100 ppt were 1.2 [90% confidence interval (CI)=0.3-4.5] and 2.1 (90% CI=0.5-8.0), respectively, relative to women with TCDD levels : 20 ppt, Tests for trend using the above exposure categories and continuous log TCDD were nonsignificant. In conclusion, we report a doubled, nonsignificant risk for endometriosis among women with serum TCDD levels of 100 ppt or higher, but no clear dose response. Unavoidable disease misclassification in a population-based study may have led to an underestimate of the true risk of endometriosis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Milan, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Milan, Italy. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 FU FIC NIH HHS [F06 TW02075-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01ES07171, 2P30-ESO01896-17]; PHS HHS [R82471] NR 37 TC 98 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 110 IS 7 BP 629 EP 634 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 585VZ UT WOS:000177546400021 PM 12117638 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Erickson, JD Mulinare, J Lynberg, MC Liu, YC AF Botto, LD Erickson, JD Mulinare, J Lynberg, MC Liu, YC TI Maternal fever, multivitamin use, and selected birth defects: Evidence of interaction? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; vitamins; congenital anomaly; fever; infection; interaction ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; CELL-DEATH; APOPTOSIS; RISK; HYPERTHERMIA; DEFICIENCY; LIMB; PREVENTION AB Background. Multivitamin use has been associated with lower risks for some birth defects. We evaluated whether multivitamin use modified birth defect risks associated with febrile illness, a common and possibly teratogenic exposure. Methods. From the population-based Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study (1968-1980) we selected seven defects (neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, cardiac outflow tract defects, ventricular septal defects, atrial defects, omphalocele, and limb deficiencies) because of their inverse relation with multivitamin supplement use documented in previous analyses. We defined four exposure categories form combinations of multivitamin use (periceptional use compared with no use) and febrile illness( early pregnancy compared with no illness). The reference category was no multivitamin use and no illness. Results. Febrile illness with no multivitamin use was associated with generally increased risk for the seven defects and the combined group (odds ratio = 2.1, 1.7, 1.5, 1.9, 2.9, 4.4, 3.3, and 2.3, respectively). With multivitamin use, however, the risk estimates associated with febrile illness were generally lower (odds ratio = 0.6, 1.1, 0.0, 1.5, 0.0, 0.8, 0.0, and 0.8, respectively). Some of the associated 95% confidence intervals included one. Conclusions. The pattern of findings suggest that multivitamin use might decrease the risk associated with febrile illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, MS F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1097/01.EDE.0000016670.85260.DE PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600019 PM 12094106 ER PT J AU Baker, JA Mendola, P Barr, D Walsh, D Creason, J Needham, J AF Baker, JA Mendola, P Barr, D Walsh, D Creason, J Needham, J TI Non-residential organophosphorus pesticide use as a predictor of children's urinary metabolite levels. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Buffalo, US EPA, Buffalo, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 893 BP S241 EP S241 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600825 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Olsson, AO Bravo, R Sandau, C Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Olsson, AO Bravo, R Sandau, C Needham, LL TI Biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides: A comprehensive approach to internal dose measurements SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 909 BP S244 EP S244 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600841 ER PT J AU Blount, B Cardinali, F Bonin, M Silva, L Ashley, D AF Blount, B Cardinali, F Bonin, M Silva, L Ashley, D TI Blood and tap water trihalomethane levels in a geographically diverse American population SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 185 BP S112 EP S113 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600186 ER PT J AU Boyd, HA Waller, LA Addiss, DG Flanders, WD AF Boyd, HA Waller, LA Addiss, DG Flanders, WD TI Evaluation of GEE and Bayesian approaches to assessing the relationship between environmental factors and the geospatial distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Leogane Commune, Haiti SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 975 BP S255 EP S255 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600898 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Barr, D Drumheller, T Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, A Barr, D Drumheller, T Eskenazi, B TI Feasability of using amniotic fluid to assess fetal pesticide exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Childrens Hosp Cent Ca, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 322 BP S136 EP S136 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600303 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Eskenazi, B McKone, T Castorina, R Harnly, M Barr, D AF Bradman, A Eskenazi, B McKone, T Castorina, R Harnly, M Barr, D TI Organophosphate pesticide exposures to pregnant women living in an agricultural community SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 307 BP S134 EP S134 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600290 ER PT J AU Castorina, R Bradman, A Eskenazi, B Ban, D AF Castorina, R Bradman, A Eskenazi, B Ban, D TI Using specific urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites to estimate cumulative dose among pregnant women in the Salinas Valley, CA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Nat Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 698 BP S204 EP S204 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600645 ER PT J AU Curwin, BC Sanderson, WT Buhler, W Hein, M AF Curwin, BC Sanderson, WT Buhler, W Hein, M TI Tobacco harvesters' hand exposure to acephate and the effectiveness of hand washing at removing acephate from the hands SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 895 BP S241 EP S241 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600827 ER PT J AU Duty, SM Silva, MJ Barr, DB Brock, JW Ryan, L Chen, Z Herrick, RF Christiani, D Hauser, R AF Duty, SM Silva, MJ Barr, DB Brock, JW Ryan, L Chen, Z Herrick, RF Christiani, D Hauser, R TI Urinary phthalate monoesters at general population exposure levels are associated with altered semen quality. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Cambridge, MA USA. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Cambridge, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 657 BP S197 EP S197 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600611 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Warner, M Samuels, S Vercellini, P Olive, D Needham, L Patterson, D Gerthoux, P Brambilla, P AF Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Warner, M Samuels, S Vercellini, P Olive, D Needham, L Patterson, D Gerthoux, P Brambilla, P TI Serum dioxin concentrations and endometriosis: A cohort study in Seveso, Italy SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milan Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Desio, Italy. Univ Milan, Sch Med, Milan, Italy. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 597 BP S186 EP S186 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600557 ER PT J AU Falk, H AF Falk, H TI Use of exposure characterization, modeling, and epidemiologic studies to investigate childhood cancer: A US public health service agency perspective SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 039 BP S88 EP S88 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600061 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Royster, MO Soukup, JM Walsh, D Bellini, W Barr, D Becker, S AF Hilborn, ED Royster, MO Soukup, JM Walsh, D Bellini, W Barr, D Becker, S TI Pesticide exposure and immune function among toddlers SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 548 BP S178 EP S178 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600516 ER PT J AU Kaiser, R Schwartz, J Gotway, CA Rubin, CH AF Kaiser, R Schwartz, J Gotway, CA Rubin, CH TI The effect of the Chicago 1995 Heat Wave on all cause and cause-specific mortality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 783 BP S219 EP S219 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600721 ER PT J AU Kaplan, B Fowler, D AF Kaplan, B Fowler, D TI Air modeling estimates of historical air concentrations from industrial and jet aircraft emissions and health outcome data SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 033 BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600055 ER PT J AU Lanphear, BP Bearer, CF Dietrich, KN Yolton, K Donovan, E Hornung, R Barr, D AF Lanphear, BP Bearer, CF Dietrich, KN Yolton, K Donovan, E Hornung, R Barr, D TI Meconium as a biomarker of fetal and childhood exposure to prevalent neurotoxicants SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Environm Hlth Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 323 BP S136 EP S136 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600304 ER PT J AU Maslia, ML Sautner, JB Aral, MM Gillig, RE Reyes, JJ Williams, RC AF Maslia, ML Sautner, JB Aral, MM Gillig, RE Reyes, JJ Williams, RC TI Using water-distribution system modeling to assist epidemiologic investigations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 028 BP S86 EP S86 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600050 ER PT J AU Noonan, CW Hilsdon, R White, MC Wong, LY Zack, MM AF Noonan, CW Hilsdon, R White, MC Wong, LY Zack, MM TI Continuing trend of increased motor neuron disease mortality in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012; Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 685 BP S202 EP S202 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600634 ER PT J AU Orloff, K Mistry, K Charp, P Metcalf, S Marino, R Shelley, T Melaro, E Donohoe, AM AF Orloff, K Mistry, K Charp, P Metcalf, S Marino, R Shelley, T Melaro, E Donohoe, AM TI Human exposure to uranium in drinking water SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 465 BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600438 ER PT J AU Parker, J Woodruff, TJ Heck, K Saulnier, L AF Parker, J Woodruff, TJ Heck, K Saulnier, L TI Comparing different exposure metrics in the relationship between air pollution and birth outcomes in California SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 413 BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600390 ER PT J AU Pegram, RA Ross, MK Leavens, TL Allis, JW Biount, BC Zhao, G AF Pegram, RA Ross, MK Leavens, TL Allis, JW Biount, BC Zhao, G TI Bromodichloromethane toxicokinetics: Linking exposure to effect. SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, NHEERL, RTP, NC, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. UNC, Chapel Hill, NC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 182 BP S112 EP S112 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600183 ER PT J AU Peipins, LA Highfill, KA Barrett, E Monti, MM Hackler, R Huang, P Jiang, X AF Peipins, LA Highfill, KA Barrett, E Monti, MM Hackler, R Huang, P Jiang, X TI Norwalk-like virus outbreak on the Appalachian trail SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 613 BP S189 EP S189 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600571 ER PT J AU Reyes, JJ Gillig, RE Fagliano, JA Maslia, ML AF Reyes, JJ Gillig, RE Fagliano, JA Maslia, ML TI Partnerships addressing childhood cancer: Case study of Toms River, Dover Township, NJ SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 029 BP S86 EP S86 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600051 ER PT J AU Shalat, SL Donnelly, KC Freeman, NCG Calvin, J Black, K Jimenez, M Coutinho, C Needham, L Barr, D Ramirez, J AF Shalat, SL Donnelly, KC Freeman, NCG Calvin, J Black, K Jimenez, M Coutinho, C Needham, L Barr, D Ramirez, J TI Quantitative behavioral assessment as a tool for modeling pesticide dose in children SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. TDI Brooks Int, College Stn, TX USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 526 BP S174 EP S174 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600495 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Malek, NA Kato, K Brock, JW Barr, DB Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Malek, NA Kato, K Brock, JW Barr, DB Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Assessing human exposure to phthalates SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 224 BP S119 EP S119 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600220 ER PT J AU Smith, NM Kramer, RA Daley, WR Hayes, R Cotenoff, SA Goodman, A Henderson, AK Flanders, WD Rubin, C AF Smith, NM Kramer, RA Daley, WR Hayes, R Cotenoff, SA Goodman, A Henderson, AK Flanders, WD Rubin, C TI Physical and mental health status of world trade center neighborhood residents following the attack on September 11, 2001 - New York City, NY, 2001 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 New York City Dept Hlth, Community HealthWorks, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 244 BP S123 EP S124 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600239 ER PT J AU Socha, M Rubin, C Brock, J AF Socha, M Rubin, C Brock, J TI Evaluation of body burdens and geographical patterns of persistent organic pollutants (POPS) in Alaska Natives SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Warren Wilson Coll, Asheville, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 901 BP S242 EP S242 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600833 ER PT J AU Tulve, NS Whitaker, D Fortman, R Brown, H Bozeman, ER Hilliard, A Naeher, LP AF Tulve, NS Whitaker, D Fortman, R Brown, H Bozeman, ER Hilliard, A Naeher, LP TI Environmental measurements of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides to assess exposures of young children living in Jacksonville, FL SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Duval Cty Hlth Dept, Childhood Lead Poisioning Prevent Program, Jacksonville, FL 32204 USA. Duval Cty Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth & Engn, Jacksonville, FL 32211 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 147 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600149 ER PT J AU Warner, M Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, L Patterson, D Samuels, S Gerthoux, P AF Warner, M Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, L Patterson, D Samuels, S Gerthoux, P TI Serum dioxin levels and chronic disease risk in women of Seveso, Italy SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Desio Hosp, Desio, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 599 BP S187 EP S187 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600559 ER PT J AU Warner, M Eskenazi, B Pattersen, D Clark, G Bonsignore, L Mocarelli, P Needham, L Gerthoux, P AF Warner, M Eskenazi, B Pattersen, D Clark, G Bonsignore, L Mocarelli, P Needham, L Gerthoux, P TI Validation study of the calux bioassay in human serum as a measure of dioxin toxic equivalents SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Desio Hosp, Desio, Italy. Xenobiot Detect Syst Inc, Durham, NC USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 598 BP S186 EP S187 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600558 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Camann, DE Barr, DB Barr, JR Andrews, HF Kinney, PL Hoeptner, LA Perera, FP AF Whyatt, RM Camann, DE Barr, DB Barr, JR Andrews, HF Kinney, PL Hoeptner, LA Perera, FP TI Pesticide exposures during pregnancy among urban minority mothers and newborns SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 308 BP S134 EP S134 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600291 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Parker, J Heck, K Saulnier, L Schoendorf, K AF Woodruff, TJ Parker, J Heck, K Saulnier, L Schoendorf, K TI Air pollution and low birth weight in California SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 MA 551 BP S179 EP S179 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 565PL UT WOS:000176378600519 ER PT J AU Sriram, K Matheson, JM Benkovic, SA Miller, DB Luster, MI O'Callaghan, JP AF Sriram, K Matheson, JM Benkovic, SA Miller, DB Luster, MI O'Callaghan, JP TI Mice deficient in TNF receptors are protected against dopaminergic neurotoxicity: Implications for Parkinson's disease SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brain; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection; MPTP ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FACTOR-ALPHA PRODUCTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; GLIAL-CELLS; RAT-BRAIN; COMPLEX-I; QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS AB The pathogenic mechanisms underlying idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) remain enigmatic. Recent findings suggest that inflammatory processes are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Enhanced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, has been found in association with glial cells in the substantia nigra of patients with PD. To determine the potential role for TNF-alpha in PD, we examined the effects of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a dopaminergic neurotoxin that mimics some of the key features associated with PD, using transgenic mice lacking TNF receptors. Administration of MPTP to wild-type (+/+) mice resulted in a time-dependent expression of TNF-alpha in striatum, which preceded the loss of dopaminergic markers and reactive gliosis. In contrast, transgenic mice carrying homozygous mutant alleles for both the TNF receptors (TNFR-DKO), but not the individual receptors, were completely protected against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP. The data indicate that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha is an obligatory component of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Moreover, because TNF-alpha is synthesized predominantly by microglia and astrocytes, our findings implicate the participation of glial cells in MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Similar mechanisms may underlie the etiopathogenesis of PD. C1 NIOSH, CDC, TMBB, HELD, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, TMBB, HELD, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 80 TC 237 Z9 246 U1 1 U2 6 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1474 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.02-0216fje. PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 590HH UT WOS:000177813100001 PM 12205053 ER PT J AU Malarcher, AM Giles, WH Khoury, MJ AF Malarcher, AM Giles, WH Khoury, MJ TI Helping high-risk families: Medical and public health approaches SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Malarcher, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 239 EP 240 DI 10.1097/00125817-200207000-00001 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 657LE UT WOS:000181667600001 PM 12172389 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Hall, IJ AF Coughlin, SS Hall, IJ TI Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and risk of ovarian cancer: A HuGE review SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; glutathione S-transferases; GSTM1; GSTP1; GSTT1; ovarian cancer ID ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; P1 GENE; P53 EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; GSTM1; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GSTT1 AB Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to numerous potentially genotoxic compounds. The GSTM1 gene codes for the enzyme glutathione S-transferase-mu, the GSTT1 gene codes for the enzyme glutathione S-transferase-theta, and the GSTP1 gene codes for the enzyme glutathione S-transferase-pi. GSTM1 is polymorphically expressed, and three alleles have been identified (GSTM1-0, GSTM1a, and GSTM1b). Two functionally different genotypes at the GSTT1 locus have been described. Individuals with homozygous deletions of GSTM or GSTT have reduced or no glutathione S-transferase activity and therefore may be unable to eliminate electrophilic carcinogens as efficiently. However, results of epidemiologic studies do not confirm associations between GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 and epithelial ovarian cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1097/00125817-200207000-00003 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 657LE UT WOS:000181667600003 PM 12172391 ER PT J AU Kenneson, A Braun, KV Boyle, C AF Kenneson, A Braun, KV Boyle, C TI GJB2 (connexin 26) variants and nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss: A HuGE review SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE GJB2; connexin 26; hearing loss ID NON-SYNDROMIC DEAFNESS; 35DELG MUTATION; GENE GJB2; CHILDHOOD DEAFNESS; RECESSIVE DEAFNESS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; PRELINGUAL DEAFNESS; CARRIER FREQUENCY; MISSENSE MUTATION; HIGH PREVALENCE AB Despite the enormous heterogeneity of genetic hearing loss, variants in one locus, Gap Junction Beta 2 or GJB2 (connexin 26), account for up to 50% of cases of nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in some populations. This article reviews genetic epidemiology studies of the alleles of GJB2, prevalence rates, genotype-phenotype relations, contribution to the incidence of hearing loss, and other issues related to the clinical validity of genetic testing for GJB2. This review focuses primarily on three alleles: 167DeltaT, 35DeltaG, and 235DeltaC. These alleles are recessive for nonsyndromic prelingual sensorineural hearing loss, and the evidence suggests complete penetrance but variable expressivity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kenneson, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop f-15, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 91 TC 201 Z9 221 U1 3 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 258 EP 274 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000020750.60733.CA PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 657LE UT WOS:000181667600004 PM 12172392 ER PT J AU Yoon, PW Scheuner, MT Peterson-Oehlke, KL Gwinn, M Faucett, A Khoury, MJ AF Yoon, PW Scheuner, MT Peterson-Oehlke, KL Gwinn, M Faucett, A Khoury, MJ TI Can family history be used as a tool for public health and preventive medicine? SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; RISK PREDICTION; GENETIC RISK; IMPACT; PREVALENCE; FRACTURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genomics & Dis Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, GenRISK Program, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yoon, PW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Off Genomics & Dis Prevent, NCEH, MS K-28,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 51 TC 171 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1097/00125817-200207000-00009 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 657LE UT WOS:000181667600009 PM 12172397 ER PT J AU Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Talkington, DF AF Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Talkington, DF TI Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; GAMMA-INTERFERON; GENE-EXPRESSION; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA GENE; RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM; HOST-RESISTANCE; TNF-ALPHA; FERMENTANS; INDUCTION AB Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium without a cell wall that causes tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans. It has also been associated with chronic conditions, such as arthritis, and extrapulmonary complications, such as encephalitis. Although the interaction of mycoplasmas with respiratory epithelial cells is a critical early phase of pathogenesis, little is known about the cascade of events initiated by infection of respiratory epithelial cells by mycoplasmas. Previous studies have shown that M. pneumoniae can induce proinflammatory cytokines in several different study systems including cultured murine and human monocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that M. pneumoniae infection also induces proinflammatory cytokine expression in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Infection of A549 cells resulted in increased levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA, and both proteins were secreted into culture medium. IL-1beta mRNA also increased after infection and IL-1beta protein was synthesized, but it remained intracellular. In contrast, levels of IL-6 and gamma interferon mRNA and protein remained unchanged or undetectable. Using protease digestion and antibody blocking methods, we found that M. pneumoniae cytadherence is important for the induction of cytokines. On the other hand, while M. pneumoniae protein synthesis and DNA synthesis do not appear to be prerequisites for the induction of cytokine gene expression, A549 cellular de novo protein synthesis is responsible for the increased cytokine protein levels. These results suggest a novel role for lung epithelia[ cells in the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection and provide a better understanding of M. pneumoniae pathology at the cellular level. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Aids, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 54 TC 69 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 70 IS 7 BP 3649 EP 3655 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.7.3649-3655.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 564ET UT WOS:000176302600040 PM 12065506 ER PT J AU Sohn, AH Parvez, FM Vu, T Hai, HH Bich, NN Thu, LTA Hoa, LTT Thanh, NH Viet, TV Archibald, LK Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR AF Sohn, AH Parvez, FM Vu, T Hai, HH Bich, NN Thu, LTA Hoa, LTT Thanh, NH Viet, TV Archibald, LK Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR TI Prevalence of surgical-site infections and patterns of antimicrobial use in a large tertiary-care hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; CDC DEFINITIONS; RISK-FACTORS; RESISTANCE; IMPACT; RATES AB BACKGROUND: Few studies have been conducted in Vietnam on the epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections or antimicrobial use. Thus, we sought to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for surgical-site infections (SSIs) and to document antimicrobial use in surgical patients in a large healthcare facility in Vietnam. METHODS: We conducted a point-prevalence survey of SSIs and antimicrobial use at Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, a 1,250-bed inpatient facility. All patients on the 11 surgical wards and 2 intensive care units who had surgery within 30 days before the survey date were included. RESULTS: Of 391 surgical patients, 56 (14.3%) had an SSI. When we compared patients with and without SSIs, factors associated with infection included trauma (relative risk [RR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.60 to 4.37 P < .001), emergency surgery (RR, 2.74; CI95, 1.65 to 4.55; P < .001), and dirty wounds (RR, 3.77; CI95, 2.39 to 5.96; P < .001). Overall, 198 (51%) of the patients received antimicrobials more than 8 hours before surgery and 390 (99.7%) received them after surgery. Commonly used antimicrobials included third-generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. Thirty isolates were identified from 26 SSI patient cultures; of the 25 isolates undergoing antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 22 (88%) were resistant to ceftriaxone and 24 (92%) to gentamicin. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that (1) SSIs are prevalent at Cho Ray Hospital; (2) antimicrobial use among surgical patients is widespread and inconsistent with published guidelines; and (3) pathogens often are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. SSI prevention interventions, including appropriate use of antimicrobials, are needed in this population. C1 CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Cho Ray Hosp, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Sohn, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pediat Infect Dis, 500 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 7 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.1086/502070 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 575AZ UT WOS:000176924700012 PM 12138977 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, L Escalante, AA Isea, R Black, CG Barnwell, JW Coppel, RL AF Kedzierski, Lukasz Escalante, Ananias A. Isea, Raul Black, Casilda G. Barnwell, John W. Coppel, Ross L. TI Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Plasmodium based on the gene encoding adenylosuccinate lyase SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Adenylosuccinate lyase; Phylogenetic analysis; Plasmodium AB Phylogenetic studies of the genus Plasmodium have been performed using sequences of the nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid genes. Here we have analyzed the adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in the salvage of host purines needed by malaria parasites for DNA synthesis. The ASL gene is present in several eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic organisms and does not have repeat regions, which facilitates the accuracy of the alignment. Furthermore, it has been shown that ASL is not subject to positive natural selection. We have sequenced the ASL gene of several different Plasmodium species infecting humans, rodents, monkeys and birds and used the obtained sequences along with the previously known P. falciparum ASL sequence, for structural and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Plasmodium. The genetic divergence of ASL is comparable with that observed in other nuclear genes such as cysteine proteinase, although ASL cannot be considered conserved when compared to aldolase or superoxide dismutase, which exhibit a slower rate of evolution. Nevertheless, a protein like ASL has a rate of evolution that provides enough information for elucidating evolutionary relationships. We modeled 3D structures of the ASL protein based on sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis and obtained a consistent structure for four different species despite the divergence observed. Such models would facilitate alignment in further studies with a greater number of plasmodial species or other Apicomplexa. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kedzierski, Lukasz; Black, Casilda G.; Coppel, Ross L.] Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Escalante, Ananias A.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Escalante, Ananias A.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Isea, Raul] Univ Los Andes, Ctr Calculo Cient, Merida, Venezuela. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, POB 53, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM ross.copple@med.monash.edu.au RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Black, Casilda/B-1519-2008; Isea, Raul/M-8102-2015 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; Black, Casilda/0000-0002-0424-4593; Isea, Raul/0000-0002-6318-3428 FU National Health and Medical Research Council; UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR); National Institutes of Health [R01 GM60740-01]; Australian Postgraduate Award scholarship FX We thank David Kaslow for kindly supplying P. gallinaceum genomic DNA. This work was supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council and the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). AAE is supported by the grant R01 GM60740-01 from the National Institutes of Health. LK is a recipient of an Australian Postgraduate Award scholarship. Note: nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the EMBL, GenBank and DDJB databases under the following accession numbers: AF262049-AF262054. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 297 EP 301 AR PII S1567-1348(02)00031-X DI 10.1016/S1567-1348(02)00031-X PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30OG UT WOS:000208824700005 PM 12798008 ER PT J AU Vergne, L Muller-Trutwin, M Lal, RB Tibayrenc, M AF Vergne, Laurence Mueller-Trutwin, Michaella Lal, Renu B. Tibayrenc, Michel TI Basic research: what is it good for AIDS epidemiology and control? An e-debate SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vergne, Laurence] IRD, UR36, Lab Prise Charge SIDA Afrique, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France. [Mueller-Trutwin, Michaella] Inst Pasteur, Dept Virol, Unite Biol Retrovirus, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Lal, Renu B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tibayrenc, Michel] IRD Ctr, UMR CNRS IRD 9926, F-34394 Montpellier 05, France. RP Tibayrenc, M (reprint author), IRD Ctr, UMR CNRS IRD 9926, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier 05, France. EM michel.tibayrenc@mpl.ird.fr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 313 EP 320 AR PII S1567-1348(02)00066-7 DI 10.1016/S1567-1348(02)00066-7 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30OG UT WOS:000208824700009 PM 12798012 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, LJ Bridges, CB Jernigan, DB Liedtke, LA AF Strausbaugh, LJ Bridges, CB Jernigan, DB Liedtke, LA CA Inf Dis Soc Am Emerging Inf Net TI Influenza: Prevention and detection in acute care settings SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; immunization; antiviral agents ID LONG-TERM-CARE; NOSOCOMIAL INFLUENZA; ELDERLY PEOPLE; A VIRUS; VACCINATION; INFECTIONS; UNIT; PERSONNEL; MORTALITY; HOSPITALS AB Among the 467 respondents to a survey of members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network, 349 (75%) had diagnosed cases of influenza in I or more hospitalized patients, and 67 (14%) had cases of nosocomial influenza diagnosed in their hospital. However, fewer than 10% of the members' hospitals had policies regarding laboratory testing of symptomatic staff or patients. Only 50% had rapid testing methods available on-site, and fewer than 40% had policies regarding the management of outbreaks. Despite the frequency of admission of patients with influenza and the occurrence of nosocomial illness, hospitals appear ill-prepared to either recognize or control nosocomial influenza. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strausbaugh, LJ (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 19 IS 7 BP 310 EP + PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 572YW UT WOS:000176803400007 ER PT J AU Dong, RG Rakheja, S Smutz, WP Schopper, A Welcome, D Wu, JZ AF Dong, RG Rakheja, S Smutz, WP Schopper, A Welcome, D Wu, JZ TI Effectiveness of a new method (TEAT) to assess vibration transmissibility of gloves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE anti-vibration gloves; vibration transmissibility; assessment method; hand-arm vibration; total effective acceleration transmissibility; vibration attenuation ID HAND-ARM AB A test method based upon total effective acceleration transmissibility (TEAT) is proposed to Study the vibration isolation performance of anti-vibration gloves. The vibration transmission characteristics of three different gloves are investigated under predominantly axial vibration using the proposed method and the procedure outlined ill ISO-10819 (Mechanical Vibration and Shock-Hand-Arm Vibration-Method for the Measurement. and Evaluation of the Vibration Transmissibility of Gloves at the Palm of the Hand, International Standard Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996). The measured data are systematically analyzed to illustrate the Measurement and evaluation errors arising from misalignments of the response accelerometer within the palm-held adaptor, unintentional non-axial vibration caused by the vibration exciter and dynamics of the coupled hand-handle system. The degree of adaptor misalignment, estimated from the measured data, was observed to vary from 5.9degrees to 59.6degrees. Such variations could cause measurement errors in excess of 20%. The vibration transmission characteristics of selected gloves, evaluated using the proposed method, are compared with those derived from the standardized method to demonstrate the effectiveness of the TEAT approach. From the results, it is concluded that the TEAT method, based upon vector sums of both the source and response accelerations, can effectively account for the majority of the measurement errors, and yield more repeatable and reliable assessments of gloves. C1 NIOSH, E&CTB, HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Dong, RG (reprint author), NIOSH, E&CTB, HELD, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 AR PII S0169-8141(02)00076-8 DI 10.1016/S0169-8141(02)00076-8 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 566RX UT WOS:000176443000003 ER PT J AU Ickovics, JR Wilson, TE Royce, RA Minkoff, HL Fernandez, MI Fox-Tierney, R Koenig, LJ AF Ickovics, JR Wilson, TE Royce, RA Minkoff, HL Fernandez, MI Fox-Tierney, R Koenig, LJ CA Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Gr TI Prenatal and postpartum zidovudine adherence among pregnant women with HIV - Results of a MEMS substudy from the perinatal guidelines evaluation project SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; adherence; women; pregnancy; Medication Events Monitoring System (MEMS) ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTION AB Adherence to HIV treatment regimens during pregnancy may affect efforts to eliminate vertical transmission and influence the emergence of drug-resistant HIV strains that can affect maternal health and the risk of vertically-transmitted resistant strains. Study objectives were to document patterns of adherence to zidovudine (ZDV) during the perinatal period. Pregnant women with HIV who were seen at public clinics, taking ZDV, and willing to use Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS) caps participated in this adherence substudy. Fifty-three women were included in prenatal analyses: however, 19 women were excluded from postnatal analyses because medical records failed to confirm a postpartum maternal prescription for ZDV. Adherence to ZDV, defined as doses per day taken/prescribed during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, was extremely low (mean 50.0%), and declined significantly 3 weeks postpartum (mean = 34.1%) (p = 004), Clinical emphasis must be placed on enhancing adherence during and particularly after pregnancy when ZDV is continued for a mother's own care. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06426 USA. Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Res Triangle Inst Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Maimonides Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Behav Sci, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ickovics, JR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St,Suite 415, New Haven, CT 06426 USA. RI Royce, Rachel/A-7964-2012 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU 212267, U64/CCU 112274, U64/CCU 412294, U64/CCU 412273] NR 12 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018001.56638.0A PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 575BG UT WOS:000176925500007 PM 12131568 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Semaan, S AF Des Jarlais, DC Semaan, S TI HIV prevention research: Cumulative knowledge or accumulating studies? An introduction to the HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis project supplement SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; NEEDLE EXCHANGE; METAANALYSIS; POPULATION; PROGRAMS C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond De Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond De Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, 1st Ave & 16th St, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S1 EP S7 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018883.67606.7A PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000001 PM 12107355 ER PT J AU Doll, LS Holtgrave, DR AF Doll, LS Holtgrave, DR TI The HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project: Implications for federal HIV prevention policy SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE research synthesis; HIV prevention; interventions; policy ID RISK REDUCTION; AIDS; INFECTION; INTERVENTIONS; PROGRAMS; SCIENCE; TRIALS AB Scientific research can strongly influence programs and policies at the local, state, and federal level. In this article we review implications for federal public health policy from the HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project, a project that integrates data front individual intervention studies to estimate the influence of HIV risk reduction interventions on social, behavioral, and community changes. We note several important policy changes that have occurred in HIV research and program project. We also describe the project's role in guiding future funding decisions. C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Aids Res Behav & Social Sci Core, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Doll, LS (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K-02, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lsd1@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S130 EP S133 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000017549.92306.28 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000012 PM 12107366 ER PT J AU Eke, A Peersman, G Semaan, S Hylton, K Kiiti, N Sweat, MD AF Eke, A Peersman, G Semaan, S Hylton, K Kiiti, N Sweat, MD TI Acquisition and review of non-US-based HIV risk reduction intervention studies SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE HIV intervention; HIV prevention; systematic review; developing countries ID PREVENTION AB In response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, many governments and nongovernmental organizations have supported numerous HIV prevention intervention studies in both the United States and in other countries. To understand which intervention approaches have worked outside the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention extended the scope of its HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) project to include non-U.S.-based studies. We describe briefly the PRS experience with the challenges of acquiring and reviewing those studies, and some of the specialized efforts to find them. The ultimate goals of the PRS project related to international prevention research are to include all available reports of non-U.S.-based studies in the PRS database and to provide comprehensive reviews of those studies. The findings of the reviews would not only highlight common themes of effectiveness or research gaps in the international arena but could also be useful for improving prevention research and programs in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. MayaTech Corp, Silver Spring, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Eke, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S51 EP S55 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000017546.92306.CC PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000005 PM 12107359 ER PT J AU Hedges, LV Johnson, WD Semaan, S Sogolow, E AF Hedges, LV Johnson, WD Semaan, S Sogolow, E TI Theoretical issues in the synthesis of HIV prevention research SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article ID GUIDELINES AB The evidence base for science and health policy consists of many independent research studies. Combining evidence front multiple Studies that differ in important ways presents challenges that have been addressed in other areas of scientific research and are now beginning to be addressed in HIV prevention research. Syntheses can enhance statistical power and produce summary evidence that is more generalizable than individual primary research. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Educ, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Sociol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Harris Grad Sch Publ Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Dept Educ, 5835 S Kimbark Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 16 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S8 EP S14 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000017612.32101.D9 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000002 PM 12107356 ER PT J AU Johnson, WD Hedges, LV Ramirez, G Semaan, S Norman, LR Sogolow, E Sweat, MD Diaz, RM AF Johnson, WD Hedges, LV Ramirez, G Semaan, S Norman, LR Sogolow, E Sweat, MD Diaz, RM TI HIV prevention research for men who have sex with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE HIV infections (prevention and control); AIDS; men who have sex with men; meta-analysis; intervention studies; program evaluation; evaluation studies; randomized controlled trials ID RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTION; YOUNG GAY MEN; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; AIDS-PREVENTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; MPOWERMENT PROJECT; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; CLINICAL-TRIALS AB A systematic review of HIV prevention reports published or distributed in the United States as of June 1998 yielded 9 rigorous controlled trials reporting intervention effects on unprotected sex for men who have sex with men. A summary measure of these effects was favorable (odds ratio,.69), statistically significant (95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.86), and very homogeneous. This summary value indicates a 26% reduction in the proportion of men engaging in unprotected anal intercourse. The most clearly favorable effects were observed among interventions that promoted interpersonal skills, were delivered in community-level formats, Or focused on younger populations or those at higher behavioral risk. These studies demonstrate that interventions can promote risk reduction among men who have sex with men. Yet given the epidemiology of HIV in the United States, the small number of rigorous controlled intervention trials for this population is striking. Many more rigorous evaluations of HIV prevention efforts with men who have sex with men are needed to ascertain with confidence the effects of specific intervention components, population characteristics, and methodologic features. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Ctr Community Res, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Johnson, WD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Off Commun, CDC Mailstop E-07,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 77 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S118 EP S129 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018918.84759.19 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000011 PM 12107365 ER PT J AU Johnson, WD Semaan, S Hedges, LV Ramirez, G Mullen, PD Sogolow, E AF Johnson, WD Semaan, S Hedges, LV Ramirez, G Mullen, PD Sogolow, E TI A protocol for the analytical aspects of a systematic review of HIV prevention research SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE meta-analysis; intervention studies; program evaluation; evaluation studies; randomized controlled trials; HIV infection (prevention and control); AIDS ID SAMPLE-SIZE REQUIREMENTS; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; CLUSTER RANDOMIZATION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; METAANALYSIS; HETEROGENEITY; DESIGN; RISK; MEN AB Quantitative analysis can reveal the consistency of intervention effects across studies, as well as the variation of effects according to study-level characteristics. After consulting with project experts in methods and content, and reviewing the literatures on research synthesis and on HIV prevention, we developed a systematic protocol of analytical methods for synthesis of behavioral and biologic outcome data from HIV intervention studies. This protocol included procedures for identifying eligible studies; defining, characterizing, and prioritizing outcomes; abstracting and calculating estimates of effect; adjusting for baseline distributions and intraclass correlation; transforming estimates to a common metric, summarizing effects; examining differences in effectiveness among groups of studies; and translating these results into terms useful to HIV prevention practitioners and researchers. We applied these procedures to transform outcome data reported in many different statistical formats into odds ratios that could be combined and compared across studies. We analyzed data on behaviors related to sexual risk for HIV infection (unprotected sex. condom use. and number of partners) as well as data on biologic outcomes (incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections). This framework may be useful for meta-analyses of prevention research in other fields, particularly when primary research features diverse Outcome measures and methods of analysis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Johnson, WD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Mailstop E-07,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S62 EP S72 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018888.47949.1B PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000007 PM 12107361 ER PT J AU Kennedy, GE Peersman, G Rutherford, GW AF Kennedy, GE Peersman, G Rutherford, GW TI International collaboration in conducting systematic reviews: The Cochrane Collaborative Review Group on HIV Infection and AIDS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE evidence-based health care; systematic review; HIV; AIDS; Cochrane Collaboration ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AB To make sound health care decisions, policy makers, providers and researchers need access to relevant research findings. The role of systematic reviews is increasingly acknowledged as an important contribution in evidence-based health care decision making, and several review efforts. including that of the international Cochrane Collaboration, are under way. The Cochrane Collaborative Review Group on HIV Infection and AIDS (CRG on HIV/AIDS), conducts systematic reviews on the prevention and the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS and is guided by the Cochrane Collaboration's principles, which include minimizing potential bias, ensuring quality in the review process, keeping reviews up to date. and enhancing collaboration. The CDC HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) project is working closely with the CRG on HIV/AIDS to produce Cochrane reviews of behavioral prevention interventions and on development and maintenance of a centralized, cumulative electronic database of HIV/AIDS behavioral prevention studies. Systematic reviews can play an important role in advancing evidence-based policy and practice in HIV/AIDS prevention and care. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Res Inst, AIDS Res Inst, Cochrane Collaborat Review Grp HIV Infect & AIDS, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kennedy, GE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Res Inst, AIDS Res Inst, Cochrane Collaborat Review Grp HIV Infect & AIDS, Suite 508,74 New Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S56 EP S61 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000017550.92306.FE PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000006 PM 12107360 ER PT J AU Mullen, PD Ramirez, G Strouse, D Hedges, LV Sogolow, E AF Mullen, PD Ramirez, G Strouse, D Hedges, LV Sogolow, E TI Meta-analysis of the effects of behavioral HIV prevention interventions on the sexual risk behavior of sexually experienced adolescents in controlled studies in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS prevention; sex risk behaviors; behavior change; adolescents ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; AIDS EDUCATION; TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER; CONDOM USE; PROGRAM; METAANALYSIS; INFECTION; IMPACT AB To estimate the effect of behavioral and social interventions oil sexual risk of HIV among sexually experienced adolescents in the United States and to assess factors associated with variation in outcomes, we selected studies from the HIV/AlDS Prevention Research Synthesis project database. Twenty studies published or reported during the years 1988 through 1998 met criteria: 16 presented sufficient data: of these, 15 evaluated behavioral interventions and I a social intervention. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), weighted by study precision, indicated significantly less sex without condoms (number of Studies, k, 13: OR. 0.66; CI, 0.55-0.79) and lower behavioral risk (k, 2; OR. 0.66: CI, 0.50-0.88), but no difference in number of partners (k, 8; OR, 0.89: CI, 0.76-1.05) or STDs (k, 2; OR. 1.18: CI, 0.48-2.86). A composite sexual risk behavior variable (k, M 1 outcome per study, preferred order, sex without condoms, number of partners, risk index) was used for heterogeneity and publication bias tests and stratified analyses. Overall, these interventions had a significant protective effect on sexually experienced adolescents (k. W OR, 0.65; CI, 0.50-0.85), although there was a suggestion of Publication bias. Study design and intervention variables did not explain outcome variation. An exploratory finding may merit investigation: interventions tested with sin-le ethnic groups out-of-class (k, 5) had larger effects than in-class interventions with mixed ethnic groups (k, 11), whether the mixed groups were in- (k, 6) or out-of class (k, 5). C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. Aspen Syst Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Chicago, Sch Educ, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mullen, PD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, 7000 Fannin,Suite 2522, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 56 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S94 EP S105 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000019980.12814.DF PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000009 PM 12107363 ER PT J AU Neumann, MS Johnson, WD Semaan, S Flores, SA Peersman, G Hedges, LV Sogolow, E AF Neumann, MS Johnson, WD Semaan, S Flores, SA Peersman, G Hedges, LV Sogolow, E TI Review and meta-analysis of HIV prevention intervention research for heterosexual adult populations in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE HIV infection; intervention studies; sex behavior; sexually transmitted disease; meta-analysis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; INNER-CITY WOMEN; HIGH-RISK WOMEN; AIDS-PREVENTION; CONDOM USE; REDUCTION; INFECTION AB A meta-analysis was performed to examine the effects of 14 behavioral and social interventions for heterosexual adults on their adoption of safer sex behaviors or incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The intervention studies were identified through a systematic search and review strategy. Data were extracted and combined by using well-defined methods and appropriate statistical techniques. For inclusion in this article, studies had to be based in the United States, written in English, first reported between 1988 and 1996, and aimed at reducing sex-related HIV risks. In addition to measuring behavioral or STD incidence outcomes, Studies also had used experimental or quasi-experimental designs with control or comparison groups and reported sufficient outcome data to allow calculation of odds ratios. The meta-analytic results show statistically significant effects in reducing sex-related risks (10 studies odds ratio [OR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.95). particularly non-use of condoms (8; OR, 0.69 95% CI, 0.53-0.90). The interventions also had significant effects in reducing STD infections (6 studies OR, 0.74 95% CI, 0.62-0.89). These analyses indicate that science-based prevention interventions have positive effects among Populations at risk through heterosexual transmission and that these positive effects are found with biologic and self-reported behavioral measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Neumann, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Off Commun, Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 63 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S106 EP S117 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018919.84759.50 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000010 PM 12107364 ER PT J AU Semaan, S Des Jarlais, DC Sogolow, E Johnson, WD Hedges, LV Ramirez, G Flores, SA Norman, L Sweat, MD Needle, R AF Semaan, S Des Jarlais, DC Sogolow, E Johnson, WD Hedges, LV Ramirez, G Flores, SA Norman, L Sweat, MD Needle, R TI A meta-analysis of the effect of HIV prevention interventions on the sex behaviors of drug users in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA DE HIV infection; AIDS; HIV risk behavior; sex behavior; injection drug users; drug users; substance abuse; meta-analysis ID HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS; CRACK COCAINE USE; INJECTION-DRUG; CONDOM USE; AIDS EDUCATION; PRELIMINARY OUTCOMES; NATIONAL SAMPLE; ABUSE TREATMENT; WOMEN; REDUCTION AB We examined the effectiveness of 33 U.S.-based HIV intervention studies in reducing the sexual risk behaviors of drug users by reducing unprotected sex or increasing the use of male condoms. The studies, identified as of June 1998, through the HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis project, were published in 1988 or later, measured behavioral or biologic outcomes, used experimental designs or certain quasi-experimental designs, and reported sufficient data for calculating an effect size for sexual risk reduction. Of the 33 studies, 94% recruited injection drug users; 21% recruited crack users. The mean age of participants was 36 years. Almost all studies were randomized (94%), provided another HIV intervention to the comparison groups (91%), and evaluated behavioral interventions (91%). On average, interventions were conducted in 5 sessions (total, 10 hours) during 4.5 months. Interventions compared with no interventions were strong and significant (k = 3; odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.85). Interventions compared with other HIV interventions showed a modest additional benefit (k = 30; OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81-1.03). When we extrapolated our result (an OR of 0.60) to a population with a 72% prevalence of risk behavior, the proportion of drug users who reduced their risk behaviors was 12.6% greater in the intervention groups than in the comparison groups. Our meta-analysis shows that interventions can lead to sexual risk reduction among drug users and justifies providing interventions to drug users. Developing interventions with stronger effects to further reduce sexual risk behaviors among drug users must remain a high priority. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Educ, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Sociol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Harris Grad Sch Publ Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIDA, Rockville, MD USA. RP Semaan, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssemaan@cdc.gov NR 106 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S73 EP S93 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000017613.32101.90 PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000008 ER PT J AU Semaan, S Kay, L Strouse, D Sogolow, E Mullen, PD Neumann, MS Flores, SA Peersman, G Johnson, WD Lipman, PD Eke, A Des Jarlais, DC AF Semaan, S Kay, L Strouse, D Sogolow, E Mullen, PD Neumann, MS Flores, SA Peersman, G Johnson, WD Lipman, PD Eke, A Des Jarlais, DC TI A profile of US-based trials of behavioral and social interventions for HIV risk reduction SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE HIV intervention; HIV/AIDS prevention; sex risk behaviors; drug risk behaviors; behavior change ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; AIDS-PREVENTION INTERVENTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INNER-CITY WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; CONDOM USE AB We describe 99 (experimental and certain quasi-experimental) U.S.-based trials, reported or published since 1988, of behavioral and social interventions that measured prespecified behavioral and biologic outcomes and aimed to reduce risk for HIV infection. Studies identified through June 1998 by the HIV/AlDS Prevention Research Synthesis project were grouped into 4 risk behavior areas: drug-related (k [number of studies] = 48), heterosexual youth (k = 24), heterosexual adult (k = 17), and same-sex (k = 10). We compared the studies in the 4 areas by variables key to the development, evaluation, and transfer of interventions. Participants comprised injection drug users (43% of studies), drug users out of treatment (29%), African Americans (18%), clinic patients (18%), youth in schools (10%), and drug users in treatment (10%). Most studies were randomized (85%). provided another intervention to the control or comparison groups (71%), and evaluated behavioral interventions (92%). On average, interventions were conducted in 5 sessions (total, 8 hours) during 3 months. The theoretical basis of the intervention was not noted in 57% of the reports. At least one variable from each of the 3 Outcome classifications was measured in 8% of the studies: behavioral, biologic, and psychosocial. Distinct profiles exist for the 4 risk areas. Addressing gaps in research and reporting would be helpful for analytical and program activities. This sizable portfolio of evaluated interventions contributes to effectiveness reviews and to considerations of transfer to program practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Aspen Syst Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Semaan, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 CLifton Rd,E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssemaan@cdc.gov NR 142 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 9 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S30 EP S50 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018886.51315.A9 PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000004 PM 12107358 ER PT J AU Sogolow, E Peersman, G Semaan, S Strouse, D Lyles, CM AF Sogolow, E Peersman, G Semaan, S Strouse, D Lyles, CM CA HIV AIDS Prevent Res Synth Project TI The HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis project: Scope, methods, and study classification results SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; evaluation research; systematic review; research synthesis ID HIV PREVENTION; TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; CONDOM USE; INTERVENTIONS; AIDS; PROGRAMS; BEHAVIOR; EPIDEMIC; DECADE AB In 1996, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with many partners, initiated the HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) project to accumulate HIV prevention research studies and analyze their effectiveness in reducing sexual and drug-related risk behaviors for HIV transmission. The PRS team developed standardized guidelines and procedures for the systematic reviews, conducted systematic searches for pertinent studies, characterized the selected studies, analyzed effectiveness data, and established a cumulative database. As of June 1998, the database contained more than 5000 reports: 4068 were reports that met the PRS scope criteria for inclusion and 586 of those reports contained outcome data from an intervention study. Of the 586 reports that included outcome data, 276 have been reviewed: 223 (81%) included measures of PRS-specified behavioral or biologic HIV-related outcomes, and 124 of the 223 (56%) used PRS-defined rigorous study designs. The PRS database is a valuable resource for accessing and integrating the literature on HIV prevention research. CDC is committed to 1) updating the database; 2) producing systematic reviews, including meta-analyses, related to key research questions; and 3) disseminating findings to encourage and facilitate the use of science-based research in preventing HIV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Aspen Syst Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Lyles, CM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 30 SU 1 BP S15 EP S29 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000020602.22220.A6 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 577AH UT WOS:000177039000003 PM 12107357 ER PT J AU McFarlane, M Bull, SS Rietmeijer, CA AF McFarlane, M Bull, SS Rietmeijer, CA TI Young adults on the Internet: Risk behaviors for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Internet; sexual behavior; sexually transmitted diseases; human immunodeficiency virus; risk behavior; young adults ID SEX AB Purpose: To examine the sexual behaviors and related risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV among young adults who seek sex partners on the Internet. Methods: Study staff recruited participants in online chat rooms, bulletin boards, and other online venues. A total of 4507 participants responded to a 68-item, self-administered, online survey of Internet sex-seeking practices. The survey solicited information on sexual behavior with partners found on the Internet; in addition, a parallel set of questions addressed sexual behaviors with partners found off the Internet. Of the respondents, 1234 (27.4%) were 18-24 years old. Of the young adults, 61% were male and 75% were white. Responses from young adults were compared to those received from older adults. In addition, responses from young adults who seek sex partners online were compared to responses from young adults who do not seek sex partners online. Analyses, including logistic regression, Chi-square tests, Student's t-tests, and analyses of variance, focused on the difference between young and older adults, as well as the differences in sexual behavior with partners located online and offline. Results: Young adults who seek sex on the Internet report substantially different sexual behavior patterns than young adults who do not seek sex on the Internet. Young adults with online partners reported sexual behaviors similar to older respondents who used the Inter-net to find sex partners; however, older respondents were more likely than young adults to have been tested for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. Conclusions: Young adults who seek sex partners online may be at significantly greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases than their peers who do not seek sex partners online. These data point to an urgent need for online sexual health promotion. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2002. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. AMC Canc Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McFarlane, M (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUL PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 AR PII S1054-139X(02)00373-7 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00373-7 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 569XC UT WOS:000176627100006 PM 12090960 ER PT J AU Bravo, R Driskell, WJ Whitehead, RD Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Bravo, R Driskell, WJ Whitehead, RD Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Quantitation of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphate pesticides in human urine using GC-MS-MS with isotopic internal standards SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WORKERS; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 24 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 8 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 5 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 579HD UT WOS:000177171800001 PM 12166810 ER PT J AU Fisher, MA Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM AF Fisher, MA Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM TI Microarray analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional response to the acidic conditions found in phagosomes SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONRIBOSOMAL PEPTIDE SYNTHETASES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM LT2; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE-CLUSTER; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; CONDENSATION DOMAINS; THIOESTERASE DOMAIN; IDENTIFICATION; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; PROPIONATE AB We used microarrays and real-time reverse transcription-PCR to analyze the global transcriptional response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to low pH in vitro, which may mimic an environmental signal encountered by phagocytosed mycobacteria. Eighty-one genes were differentially expressed > 1.5-fold, including many involved in fatty acid metabolism. The most highly induced genes showed homology with nonribosomal peptide synthetases/polyketide synthases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Program Microbiol & Mol Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G35,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 54 TC 206 Z9 212 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 184 IS 14 BP 4025 EP 4032 DI 10.1128/JB.184.14.4025-4032.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 569CH UT WOS:000176582200031 PM 12081975 ER PT J AU Looker, AC AF Looker, AC TI Editorial: The skeleton, race, and ethnicity SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIP FRACTURE INCIDENCE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; GENDER DIFFERENCES; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; WHITE WOMEN; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE; MEDICARE DATA; FEMORAL-NECK; TURNOVER; POPULATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Room 900,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM acl1@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 87 IS 7 BP 3047 EP 3050 DI 10.1210/jc.87.7.3047 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 578GU UT WOS:000177109700009 PM 12107199 ER PT J AU Limor, JR Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Limor, JR Lal, AA Xiao, LH TI Detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium parasites that are pathogenic for humans by real-time PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BETA-TUBULIN GENE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PROTEIN HSP70 GENE; RFLP ANALYSIS; ENDONUCLEASE RESTRICTION; PARVUM; TRANSMISSION; IDENTIFICATION AB Cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of food-borne and waterborne outbreaks of diarrheal diseases. To better understand the route of transmission of Cryptosporidium parasites, a number of genotyping techniques have been developed, based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism or sequencing analysis of antigen, structural, and housekeeping genes. In this study, a real-time assay for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts is described. This technique had a detection limit of five oocysts. By melting curve analysis of PCR products with fluorescence-labeled hybridization probes, this technique was able to differentiate five common Cryptosporidium parasites that are pathogenic for humans in a single PCR. We evaluated and validated the test using samples from presently known Cryptosporidium parasites that are pathogenic for humans. This technique provides an alternative molecular tool in epidemiologic studies of human cryptosporidiosis. C1 CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 30 TC 55 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2335 EP 2338 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.7.2335-2338.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 569MH UT WOS:000176605800004 PM 12089244 ER PT J AU Reischl, U Youssef, MT Kilwinski, J Lehn, N Zhang, WL Karch, H Strockbine, NA AF Reischl, U Youssef, MT Kilwinski, J Lehn, N Zhang, WL Karch, H Strockbine, NA TI Real-time fluorescence PCR assays for detection and characterization of Shiga toxin, intimin, and enterohemolysin genes from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; VIRULENCE FACTORS; MULTIPLEX PCR; O157 STRAINS; II OPERONS; EAE GENE; VARIANT; SEQUENCE; HETEROGENEITY AB PCR assays have proved useful for detecting and characterizing Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Recent advances in PCR technology have facilitated the development of real-time fluorescence PCR assays with greatly reduced amplification times and improved methods for the detection of amplified target sequences. We developed and evaluated two such assays for the LightCycler instrument: one that simultaneously detects the genes for Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx(1) and stx(2)) and another that simultaneously detects the genes for intimin (eae) and enterohemolysin (E-hly). Amplification and sequence-specific detection of the two target genes were completed within 60 min. Findings from the testing of 431 STEC isolates of human and animal origin, 73 isolates of E. coli negative for stx genes, and 118 isolates of other bacterial species with the LightCycler PCR (LCPCR) assays were compared with those obtained by conventional block cycler PCR analysis. The sensitivities and specificities of the LC-PCR assays were each 100% for the stx(1), eae, and E-hly genes and 96 and 100%, respectively, for the stx(2) gene. No stx(2) genes were detected from 10 stx(2f)-positive isolates because of significant nucleotide differences in their primer annealing regions. Melting curve analyses of the amplified Shiga toxin genes revealed sequence variation within each of the tested genes that correlated with described and novel gene variants. The performance characteristics of the LC-PCR assays, such as their speed, detection method, and the potential subtyping information available from melting curve analyses, make them attractive alternatives to block cycler PCR assays for detecting and characterizing STEC strains. C1 Univ Klinikum Regensburg, Inst Med Mikrobiol & Hyg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. State Lab Vet Diagnost, D-59821 Arnsberg, Germany. Univ Munster, Inst Hyg, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Escherichia Coli Shigella Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yarmouk Univ, Dept Biol, Irbid, Jordan. RP Reischl, U (reprint author), Univ Klinikum Regensburg, Inst Med Mikrobiol & Hyg, Franz Josef Str Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. EM Udo.Reischl@klinik.uni-regensburg.de NR 41 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 40 IS 7 BP 2555 EP 2565 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.7.2555-2565.2002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 569MH UT WOS:000176605800037 PM 12089277 ER PT J AU Hughes, GJ Kitching, RP Woolhouse, MEJ AF Hughes, GJ Kitching, RP Woolhouse, MEJ TI Dose-dependent responses of sheep inoculated intranasally with a type O foot-and-mouth disease virus SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Unlike foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and pigs., which spreads rapidly, resulting in easily detectable foci of clinical infection. the disease in sheep is characterized by restricted transmission, low morbidity and sporadic clinical cases. The study described was designed to investigate whether the ability of sheep to transmit and maintain FMD virus was dose-related. The viral isolate used was known to be associated epidemiologically with rapid fade-out of transmission within sheep flocks. Five separate transmission experiments were performed, with different doses of FMD virus, each experiment containing five intranasally inoculated donor sheep and 10 in-contact recipient sheep. The lowest dose required to cause clinical infection by inoculation (10(4) 50% tissue culture infectious doses; 10(4) TCID50) was also the optimum dose for producing in-contact transmission. Inoculation of donor sheep with higher doses (10(5) and 10(6) TCID50) resulted in reduced transmission, characterized by reduced duration and degree of viraemia and an early Immoral and cell-mediated immune response. Principal component analysis was used to interpret the complex interactions of the dose-related responses to infection. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AFRC, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Hughes, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1053/jcpa.2002.0560 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 601RV UT WOS:000178462500004 PM 12354542 ER PT J AU Cunliffe, NA Bresee, JS Hart, CA AF Cunliffe, NA Bresee, JS Hart, CA TI Rotavirus vaccines: Development, current issues and future prospects SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; BOVINE ROTAVIRUS; DISEASE BURDEN; EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS AB The potential benefit of safe and effective rotavirus vaccination in reducing morbidity and especially mortality from rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in developing countries has long been recognised. More recently, the focus of attention shifted to developed countries, where cost-effectiveness analyses justified the routine introduction of rotavirus vaccines into childhood immunisation schedules. The recent withdrawal in the U.S.A. of the first licensed rotavirus vaccine (the tetravalent rhesus reassortant rotavirus vaccine), following investigation into reports of intussusception among a number of vaccinees, has directed attention once more towards rotavirus vaccine use in developing countries. However, issues relating to vaccine safety, efficacy, and cost, remain to be overcome before widespread introduction of rotavirus vaccines can be anticipated. (C) 2002 The Birtish Infection Society. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genitourinary Med, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cunliffe, NA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genitourinary Med, Duncan Bldg,Daulby St, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. EM n.a.cunliffe@liv.ac.uk OI Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 NR 106 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1053/jinf.2001.1012 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 593PA UT WOS:000178000100001 PM 12217724 ER PT J AU Fankhauser, RL Monroe, SS Noel, JS Humphrey, CD Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Ando, T Glass, RI AF Fankhauser, RL Monroe, SS Noel, JS Humphrey, CD Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Ando, T Glass, RI TI Epidemiologic and molecular trends of "Norwalk-like viruses" associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; CALICIVIRUSES; NETHERLANDS; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; DIVERSITY; KINGDOM AB Between July 1997 and June 2000, fecal specimens from 284 outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for testing for "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLVs). Specimens were examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and direct electron microscopy for the presence of NLVs. Adequate descriptive data were available from 233 of the outbreaks, and, of these, 217 (93%) were positive for NLVs. Restaurants and events with catered food were the most common settings, and contaminated food was the most common mode of transmission. Genogroup II (GII) strains were the predominant type (73%), with genogroup I strains causing 26% of all NLV-positive outbreaks. Certain GII clusters (GII/1,4, j) were more commonly associated with outbreaks in nursing home settings than with outbreaks in other settings. Strain diversity was great: one potential new sequence cluster was implicated in multiple outbreaks, and strains belonging to a tentative new genogroup were identified. C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 22 TC 372 Z9 414 U1 1 U2 26 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1086/341085 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 564GZ UT WOS:000176307800001 PM 12089655 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE McCombs, K Ray, M Baughman, W Reeves, MW Popovic, T Rosenstein, NE Farley, MM Blake, P Stephens, DS AF Kellerman, SE McCombs, K Ray, M Baughman, W Reeves, MW Popovic, T Rosenstein, NE Farley, MM Blake, P Stephens, DS CA Georgia Emerging Infect Program TI Genotype-specific carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in Georgia counties with hyper- and hyposporadic rates of meningococcal disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 24-28, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID SEROGROUP-C; MILITARY RECRUITS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; OUTBREAK; COLONIZATION; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS AB Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in a Georgia county with hypersporadic incidence of meningococcal disease ("hypersporadic county") and in a county with no cases of meningococcal disease was determined by a cross-sectional pharyngeal culture study of high school students. Among 2730 students from whom culture samples were obtained, meningococcal carriage was 7.7% (140/1818) in the hypersporadic county and 6.1% (56/912) in the comparison county. Carriage rates by serogroup and genetic type (i.e., electrophoretic type [ET]) did not differ significantly between counties, but apartment or mobile home residency was a risk factor for carriage in the hypersporadic county. Although most cases of meningococcal disease in the hypersporadic county were caused by members of the serogroup C ET-37 clonal group, no ET-37 meningococcal isolates were recovered from carriers in this county. However, 38% of all meningococcal isolates recovered from carriers in both counties were members of the serogroup Y ET-508 clonal group, an emerging cause of meningococcal disease in Georgia and throughout the United States during 1996-2001. Shifts in carriage and transmission of meningococcal strains with different pathogenic potential are important determinants of meningococcal disease incidence. C1 Div Publ Hlth, Geogia Publ Hlth Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stephens, DS (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, Ste H-153,1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 56 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1086/341067 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 564GZ UT WOS:000176307800006 PM 12089660 ER PT J AU Garrett, DO McDonald, LC Wanderley, A Wanderley, C Miller, P Carr, J Arduino, M Sehulster, L Anderson, R Jarvis, WR AF Garrett, DO McDonald, LC Wanderley, A Wanderley, C Miller, P Carr, J Arduino, M Sehulster, L Anderson, R Jarvis, WR TI An outbreak of neonatal deaths in Brazil associated with contaminated intravenous fluids SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SEPTIC SHOCK; ENDOTOXIN; DYSFUNCTION; SEPSIS AB A nursery outbreak of fever and clinical sepsis resulted in the deaths of 36 neonates in Roraima, Brazil. To determine the cause, epidemiologic studies were performed, along with culture and endotoxin analysis of intravenous (iv) fluids. Affected neonates were more likely to have lower birth weight (2.1 vs. 3.2 kg; P < .01), lower APGAR (activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, and respiration) score at 1 (7 vs. 8;) or 5 min (8 vs. 9; P = .03), lower gestational age (32 vs. 39 weeks; P = .001), or to receive iv medications (20/20 vs. 2/40; P < .0001). Fever occurred only after iv medication administration. Although culture results of unopened iv medications were negative, endotoxin levels of glucose and distilled water for injection were elevated (3.3 and 1.2 U/mL, respectively). Endotoxin-contaminated iv medications were distributed nationally and may have caused other outbreaks of unexplained death. These results highlight the importance of monitoring both pharmaceutical quality and postmarketing surveillance for adverse events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Secretaria Saude Estado Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil. Hosp Nossa Senhora Nazare, Boa Vista, Brazil. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1086/341083 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 564GZ UT WOS:000176307800011 PM 12089665 ER PT J AU Galil, K Fair, E Mountcastle, N Britz, P Seward, J AF Galil, K Fair, E Mountcastle, N Britz, P Seward, J TI Younger age at vaccination may increase risk of varicella vaccine failure SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-10, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HEALTHY-CHILDREN; POSTLICENSURE; ADOLESCENTS AB To determine vaccine effectiveness (VE), a varicella outbreak in a highly vaccinated daycare center (DCC) population in Pennsylvania was investigated. In Pennsylvania, proof of immunity is required for children greater than or equal to12 months old for DCC enrollment. Questionnaires were administered to parents of children who had attended the DCC continuously during the study period (1 November 1999-9 April 2000) to determine history of varicella disease or vaccination and for information about any recent rash illnesses. VE was calculated for children greater than or equal to12 months old without a history of varicella. There were 41 cases of varicella among 131 attendees, with 14 cases (34%) among vaccinated children. VE was 79% against all varicella and 95% against moderate or severe varicella. Vaccination at <14 months was associated with an increased risk of breakthrough disease (relative risk, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-9.9). Despite varicella vaccination coverage of 80%, a sizeable outbreak occurred. Early age at vaccination may increase the risk of vaccine failure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, SE Dist Off, Reading, PA USA. RP Galil, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.1086/341089 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 564GZ UT WOS:000176307800014 PM 12089668 ER PT J AU Beall, B McEllistrem, MC Gertz, RE Boxrud, DJ Besser, JM Harrison, LH Jorgensen, JH Whitney, CG AF Beall, B McEllistrem, MC Gertz, RE Boxrud, DJ Besser, JM Harrison, LH Jorgensen, JH Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Emergence of a novel penicillin-nonsusceptible, invasive serotype 35B clone of Streptococcus pneumoniae within the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BINDING PROTEIN 2B; RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI; IDENTIFICATION; GENETICS; NETWORK AB Monitoring antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains not covered by the 7-valent conjugate vaccine is an important priority. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core Surveillance identified 68 invasive penicillin-nonsusceptible serotype 35B (PN35B) isolates recovered from 1995 to 2001 from patients residing in the states of California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, and Texas. Nonsusceptible isolates accounted for 69% of all serotype 35B isolates recovered during this time. Twelve (18%) of the 68 PN35B isolates recovered since 1995 were obtained from pediatric patients. These 68 isolates exhibited penicillin MICs of 0.25-2 mug/mL and reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime. Representative PN35B isolates exhibited a common chromosomal macrorestriction profile and identical penicillin-binding-protein gene restriction profiles characteristic of penicillin-resistant strains, and they shared a unique 7-locus sequence type that included 3 new alleles. The mosaic pbp2b and divergent ddl sequences were suggestive of interspecies recombination at the ddl-pbp2b chromosomal region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol & Dis Control Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Labs, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1086/341072 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 564GZ UT WOS:000176307800018 PM 12089672 ER PT J AU Okamura, K Bernstein, J Fidler, AT AF Okamura, K Bernstein, J Fidler, AT TI Assessing the quality of infertility resources on the world wide web: Tools to guide clients through the maze of fact and fiction SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL INFORMATION; HEALTH INFORMATION; HIGH AGREEMENT; LOW KAPPA; INTERNET; PARADOXES AB The Internet has become a major source of health information for women, but information placed on the World Wide Web does not routinely undergo a peer review process before dissemination. In this study, we present an analysis of 197 infertility-related Web sites for quality and accountability, using JAMA's minimal core standards for responsible print. Only 2% of the web sites analyzed met all four recommended standards, and 50.8% failed to report any of the four. Commercial web sites were more likely to fail to meet minimum standards (71.2%) than those with educational (46.8%) or supportive (29.8%) elements. Web sites with educational and informational components were most common (70.6%), followed by commercial sites (52.8%) and sites that offered a forum for infertility support and activism (28.9%). Internet resources available to infertile patients are at best variable. The current state of infertility-related materials on the World Wide Web offers unprecedented opportunities to improve services to a growing number of e-health users. Because of variations in quality of site content, women's health clinicians must assume responsibility for a new role as information monitor. This study provides assessment tools clinicians can apply and share with clients. (C) 2002 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Okamura, K (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 264 EP 268 AR PII S1526-9523(02)00260-X DI 10.1016/S1526-9523(02)00260-X PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 573WC UT WOS:000176854000006 PM 12138934 ER PT J AU Trout, D Nimgade, A Mueller, C Hall, R Earnest, GS AF Trout, D Nimgade, A Mueller, C Hall, R Earnest, GS TI Health effects and occupational exposures among office workers near the World Trade Center disaster site SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The extent of health effects and exposure to environmental contaminants among workers and residents indirectly affected by the September 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate concerns related to health effects and occupational exposures three months after the WTC disaster among a Population of employees working in a building close to the disaster site. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed of Federal employees working near the WTC site in New York City (NYC) and a comparison group of Federal employees in Dallas, Texas. An industrial hygiene evaluation of the NYC workplace was conducted. Constitutional and mental health symptoms were reported more frequently among workers in NYC compared to those in Dallas; level of social support was inversely related to prevalence of mental health symptoms. Post-September 11(th) counseling services were utilized to a greater degree among workers in NYC, while utilization of other types of medical services did not differ significantly between the groups. No occupational exposures to substances at concentrations that would explain the reported constitutional symptoms were found; however, we were unable to assess Potential occupational exposures in the time immediately after the WTC disaster. There is no evidence of ongoing hazardous exposure to airborne contaminants among the workers surveyed. Specific causes of reported constitutional health symptoms have not been determined. Health care providers and management and employee groups should be aware of the need to address mental health issues as well as constitutional symptoms among the large number of workers in the NTC area who have been indirectly affected by the WTC disaster. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Trout, D (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, R-10,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 44 IS 7 BP 601 EP 605 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000023384.41727.fc PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 573RU UT WOS:000176845300003 PM 12134522 ER PT J AU Baggs, J Curwick, C Silverstein, B AF Baggs, J Curwick, C Silverstein, B TI Work-related burns in Washington state, 1994 to 1998 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL BURNS; INJURIES; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE AB This article describes an investigation of work-related burns in Washington State during 1994-1998. Workers' compensation data were used to describe the general characteristics of burn injuries, estimate industrial claims rates, and compare nonhospitalized and hospitalized burn cases. The completeness of workers' compensation data as a source for surveillance was evaluated. During 1994-1998, a total of 20,213 burn claims were accepted by the workers' compensation system. Hospitalized burn cases represented only 1.5% of burn, claims but incurred 55% of the costs. In addition, workers' compensation data underestimated the frequency and rate of burns. Although workers' compensation claims rates decreased during 1994-1998, work-related burns remain a problem in Washington State. Several industries (eg, roofing, foundries, and aluminum smelling) were identified as priorities for prevention of burn hospitalizations, which incur the greater cost and time loss. C1 Washington State Dept Labor & Ind, SHARP, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Curwick, C (reprint author), Washington State Dept Labor & Ind, SHARP, POB 44330, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 44 IS 7 BP 692 EP 699 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000023254.57933.e7 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 573RU UT WOS:000176845300016 PM 12134534 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Mei, ZG AF Dietz, WH Mei, ZG TI Is failure to thrive a greater concern than obesity? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 141 IS 1 BP 6 EP 7 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.125852 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 573UL UT WOS:000176849800003 PM 12091843 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Gaigalas, AK Abbasi, F Marti, GE Vogt, RF Schwartz, A AF Wang, LL Gaigalas, AK Abbasi, F Marti, GE Vogt, RF Schwartz, A TI Quantitating fluorescence intensity from fluorophores: Practical use of MESF values SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emission spectrum matching; extinction coefficient; fluorescein; lymphocyte; MESF value; microbead; pH; quantitative flow cytometry ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; T-CELLS; SCATTERING; EXPRESSION; SEPARATION AB The present work uses fluorescein as the model fluorophore and points out critical steps in the use of MESF (Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorophores) values for quantitative flow cytometric measurements. It has been found that emission spectrum matching between a reference solution and an analyte and normalization by the corresponding extinction coefficient are required for quantifying fluorescence signals using flow cytometers. Because of the use of fluorescein, the pH value of the medium is also critical for accurate MESF assignments. Given that the emission spectrum shapes of microbead suspensions and stained biological cells are not significantly different, the percentage of error due to spectrum mismatch is estimated. We have also found that the emission spectrum of a microbead with a seven-methylene linker between the fluorescein and the bead surface (bead7) provides the best match with the spectra from biological cells. Therefore, bead7 is potentially a better calibration standard for flow cytometers than the existing one that is commercially available and used in the present study. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov; adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 17 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 107 IS 4 BP 339 EP 353 DI 10.6028/jres.107.027 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 589QB UT WOS:000177770600003 PM 27446735 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SR AF Jenkins, SR TI Compendium of animal rabies prevention and control, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. New York State Hlth Dept, New York, NY USA. RP Jenkins, SR (reprint author), Virginia Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, POB 2448,Room 113, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 221 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.221.44 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 567NK UT WOS:000176490700026 PM 12420823 ER PT J AU Haynes, LM Tonkin, J Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA AF Haynes, LM Tonkin, J Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA TI Neutralizing anti-F glycoprotein and anti-substance P antibody treatment effectively reduces infection and inflammation associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMANIZED MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; COTTON RAT MODEL; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; BALB/C MICE; G-PROTEIN; CELLS; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; IMMUNE; BRONCHIOLITIS AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important virus mediating lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. RSV infection is associated with pulmonary inflammation and increased levels of substance P (SP), making the airways and leukocytes that express SP receptors susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of this peptide. This study examines combining neutralizing anti-F glycoprotein and anti-SP antibody treatment of RSV-infected BALB/c mice to inhibit RSV replication and inflammation associated with infection. BALB/c mice were prophylactically treated with antibody prior to RSV infection or were therapeutically treated at day 2 or 6 post-RSV infection. Prophylactic or therapeutic treatment with anti-SP antibodies promptly reduced pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased the number of cells expressing proinflammatory cytokines, while anti-F antibody treatment reduced virus titers. The results suggest that combined anti-viral and anti-SP antibody treatment may be effective in treating RSV disease. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp Enter Virol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp Enter Virol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 14 BP 6873 EP 6881 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.14.6873-6881.2002 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 567ZH UT WOS:000176517600002 PM 12072488 ER PT J AU Bankamp, B Kearney, SP Liu, X Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Bankamp, B Kearney, SP Liu, X Bellini, WJ Rota, PA TI Activity of polymerase proteins of vaccine and wild-type measles virus strains in a minigenome replication assay SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTRUCTURAL-C-PROTEIN; VIRAL-RNA SYNTHESIS; V-PROTEIN; CULTURED-CELLS; SENDAI VIRUS; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; GENES; NUCLEOPROTEIN; SEQUENCES AB The relative activities of five measles virus (W) polymerase (L) proteins were compared in an intracellular, plasmid-based replication assay. When coexpressed with N and P proteins from an attenuated strain, L proteins from two attenuated viruses directed the production of up to eight times more reporter protein from an W minigenome than the three wild-type L proteins. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the differences in reporter protein production correlated with mRNA transcription levels. Increased activity of polymerases from attenuated viruses equally affected mRNA transcription and minigenome replication. The higher level of transcription may be a consequence of increased template availability or may be an independent effect of the elevated activity of the attenuated polymerases. Coexpression of wild-type L proteins with homologous N and P proteins did not affect the activity of the wild-type polymerases, indicating that the differential activity was a function of the L proteins alone. Use of a minigenome that incorporated two nucleotide changes found in the genomic leader of the three wild-type viruses did not raise the activity of the wild-type L proteins. These data demonstrate that increased polymerase activity differentiates attenuated from wild-type viruses and suggest. that functions involved in RNA synthesis contribute to the attenuated phenotype of W vaccine strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 14 BP 7073 EP 7081 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.14.7073-7081.2002 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 567ZH UT WOS:000176517600021 PM 12072507 ER PT J AU Sanchez, AJ Vincent, MJ Nichol, ST AF Sanchez, AJ Vincent, MJ Nichol, ST TI Characterization of the glycoproteins of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; CLEAVAGE; PREDICTION; NAIROVIRUS; SKI-1/S1P; PROTEINS; MODEL AB Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus is the cause of an important tick-borne disease of humans throughout regions of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Like other members of the genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae, the CCHF virus M genome RNA segment encodes the virus glycoproteins. Sequence analysis of the CCHF virus (Matin strain) M RNA segment revealed one major open reading frame that potentially encodes a precursor polyprotein 1,689 amino acids (aa) in length. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the M-encoded polyproteins of Nigerian, Pakistani, and Chinese CCHF virus strains revealed two distinct protein regions. The carboxyl-terminal 1,441 aa are relatively highly conserved (up to 8.4% identity difference), whereas the amino-terminal 243 to 248 aa are highly variable (up to 56.4% identity difference) and have mucin-like features, including a high serine, threonine, and proline content (up to 47.3%) and a potential for extensive O-glycosylation. Analysis of released virus revealed two major structural glycoproteins, G2 (37 kDa) and G1 (75 kDa). Virus protein analysis by various techniques, including pulse-chase analysis and/or reactivity with CCHF virus-specific polyclonal and antipeptide antibodies, demonstrated that the 140-kDa (which contains the mucin-like region) and 85-kDa nonstructural proteins are the precursors of the mature G2 and G1 proteins, respectively. The amino termini of the CCHF virus (Matin strain) G2 and G1 proteins were established by microsequencing to be equivalent to aa 525 and 1046, respectively, of the encoded polyprotein precursor. The tetrapeptides RRLL and RKPL are immediately upstream of the cleavage site for mature G2 and G1, respectively. These are completely conserved among the predicted polyprotein sequences of all the CCHF virus strains and closely resemble the tetrapeptides that represent the major cleavage recognition sites present in the glycoprotein precursors of arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever virus (RRLL) and Pichinde virus (RKLL). These results strongly suggest that CCHF viruses (and other members of the genus Nairovirus) likely utilize the subtilase SKI-1/S1P-like cellular proteases for the major glycoprotein precursor cleavage events, as has recently been demonstrated for the arenaviruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G-14,, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 14 BP 7263 EP 7275 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.14.7263-7275.2002 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 567ZH UT WOS:000176517600040 PM 12072526 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Troped, PJ Will, JC Palombo, R AF Finkelstein, EA Troped, PJ Will, JC Palombo, R TI Cost-effectiveness of a cardiovascular disease risk reduction program aimed at financially vulnerable women: The Massachusetts WISEWOMAN Project SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH PROMOTION; CHOLESTEROL; WORKSITE; UPDATE AB Objective: The Massachusetts WISEWOMAN Project is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction program targeting older uninsured and underinsured women. The cost-effectiveness of providing CVD screening and enhanced lifestyle interventions (EI), compared with providing CVD screening and a minimum intervention (MI), was assessed at five El and six MI healthcare sites. Methods: Cost calculations were based on data collected during screenings and intervention activities conducted with 1586 women in 1996. Risk factor data, including cholesterol and blood pressure measures, were used to create a summary effectiveness outcome, the 10-year probability of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). The cost-effectiveness ratio of the El, compared with the MI, was calculated by dividing the incremental cost of the EI by the incremental effectiveness of the El. Results: The incremental cost of the EI was $191. During the 1-year study period, the 10-year probability of CHD decreased from 9.4% to 9.2% in the MI group and from 10.3% to 9.8% in the El group. Based on these results, it would cost $637 to achieve a 1 percentage point larger decrease in the 10-year probability of CHD for women enrolled in the El. However, because differences between groups were not statistically significant, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the El results in no greater reductions in CHD risk. Conclusions: Although women enrolled in both the MI and El showed decreases in CHD risk during the study period, future research is needed to assess the impact of lifestyle interventions targeting financially disadvantaged women. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 519 EP 526 DI 10.1089/152460902760277877 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 589VY UT WOS:000177783000005 PM 12243129 ER PT J AU Meyer, RF Morse, SA AF Meyer, RF Morse, SA TI Bioterrorism preparedness for the public health and medical communities SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Rapid Response & Adv Technol Lab, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meyer, RF (reprint author), CDCP, Bioterrorism Rapid Response & Adv Technol Lab, NCID, BPRP, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 77 IS 7 BP 619 EP 621 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 569YG UT WOS:000176630300003 PM 12108597 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Blanton, CJ AF Brown, DR Blanton, CJ TI Physical activity, sports participation, and suicidal behavior among college students SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; atheleticism; mental health; well-being; university students AB Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between physical activity, sports participation. and suicidal behavior among college students (N = 4,728). Methods: Data from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey were analyzed. Students were classified as engaging in frequent vigorous activity 6-7 d.wk(-1), vigorous activity 3-5 d.wk(-1). moderate activity. low activity, or no activity. Sports participation was dichotomized into "yes" or "no" participation. Suicidal behavior was defined as thoughts about, plans for, or attempts at suicide during the 12 months before completing the survey, Data were stratified by sex and multivariable logistic regression modeling, calculated odds ratios (ORs) (adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, Body Mass Index/weight perception, cigarette smoking. episodic heavy alcohol use, drug use, and either activity level or sport participation) for suicidal behavior as associated with physical activity and sports participation. Results: Adjusted ORs show that men in the "low activity" group were at almost half the odds (adjusted OR = 0,54 P < 0.015) of reporting suicidal behavior than men in the "not active" group. Women who engaged in moderate or frequent vigorous activity were at greater odds of reporting suicidal behavior compared with inactive women OR = 1.76 (P < 0.035) and 1.99 (P < 0.034) respectively. Sports participation was protective against suicidal behavior. Adjusted ORs show that men who did not participate in sports were 2.5 times (P < 0.0003) more likely to report suicidal behavior than men who were sports participants. Women not participating in sports had 1.67 times the odds of reporting suicidal behavior than women sports participants (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Associations were found between sports participation/selected patterns of physical activity and suicidal behavior. Causal factors mediating the relationships need to be identified. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-46,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 NR 34 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1087 EP 1096 DI 10.1097/00005768-200207000-00006 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 571GZ UT WOS:000176710800006 PM 12131246 ER PT J AU Kanamura, HY Hancock, K Rodrigues, V Damian, RT AF Kanamura, HY Hancock, K Rodrigues, V Damian, RT TI Schistosoma mansoni heat shock protein 70 elicits an early humoral immune response in S-mansoni infected baboons SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE Schistosoma mansoni; cDNA; heat shock protein 70; antibody response; baboon ID C-TERMINAL REGION; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI; HSP70 GENE; TARGET; ANTIBODIES AB A study was undertaken to search for DNA recombinant Schistosoma mansoni proteins responsible for eliciting an antibody response from the host at a very early phase after infection. A S. mansoni adult worm cDNA expression library was screened using pooled sera from baboons with four weeks of infection. Based on their specific reactivity with the S. mansoni infected sera and no reactivity when tested against the pre-infection sera from the same baboons,four clones were selected for further studies. Sequence analysis revealed that they were homologous to the S. mansoni heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). The insert sizes of the four selected clones varied from 1150 to 2006 hp. The preliminary characterization for antibody reactivity against a panel of baboon sera showed that the longest clone was the most reactive, eight out of eight acute and three out of four chronic sera reacting positively to this clone. The shortest clone was the least reactive. Our results suggest that the S. mansoni hsp 70 elicits an early and strong antibody response in baboons and that antibodies to this protein can be detected in chronically infected animals. Therefore S. mansoni hsp70 may be a valid target for immunodiagnosis. However further studies are needed to identify the portion of the hsp70 that best fits the requirements for a valuable diagnostic antigen. C1 Univ taubata, Dept Biol, BR-12030010 Taubate, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, BR-14100 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kanamura, HY (reprint author), Univ taubata, Dept Biol, Av Tiradentes 500, BR-12030010 Taubate, SP, Brazil. RI Rodrigues, Vanderlei/I-4528-2012 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD JUL PY 2002 VL 97 IS 5 BP 711 EP 716 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 583YW UT WOS:000177440500021 PM 12219140 ER PT J AU Kocamis, H Gahr, SA Batelli, L Hubbs, AF Killefer, J AF Kocamis, H Gahr, SA Batelli, L Hubbs, AF Killefer, J TI IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-receptor-1 transcript and IGF-II protein expression in myostatin knockout mice tissues SO MUSCLE & NERVE LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemistry; insulin-like growth factor; insulin-like growth factor receptors; myostatin knockout mice; RT-PCR ID GROWTH-FACTOR-II; TRANSGENIC MICE; MUSCLE MASS; MUTATIONS; RECEPTOR; CATTLE AB Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to demonstrate whether a correlation exists between insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)-positive regulators of growth-and myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth. IGF-I, -II, and IGF-receptor-1 (IGF-R1) mRNA and IGF-II protein expressions were determined in control and myostatin knockout mice tissues. IGF-I gene expressions were similar between control and knockout mice tissues, whereas IGF-II mRNA levels were significantly higher in myostatin knockout mice kidney and soleus muscles than those of control mice (P<.01). IGF-R1 mRNA levels from control mice heart (P<.05) and kidney (P<.01) were significantly higher than in myostatin knockout mice, whereas levels were lower in pectoralis muscle of control mice than knockout mice (P<.01). The strongly IGF-II-positive cells in soleus muscle were more common in myostatin knockout mice and were seen in a few foci in control mice. IGF-II immunoreactivity in both control and myostatin knockout mice kidneys was localized to the epithelium of renal tubules and collecting ducts. Reciprocal changes in the expression of myostatin and IGF-II and IGF-R1 may underlie normal growth of skeletal muscle and other organs in mammals, and the changes in these tissues associated with disease. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Kafkas Univ, Div Histol & Embryol, Kars, Turkey. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Killefer, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0148-639X J9 MUSCLE NERVE JI Muscle Nerve PD JUL PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1002/mus.10160 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 570FR UT WOS:000176648700007 PM 12115949 ER PT J AU Russell, DW Hirata, RK Inoue, N AF Russell, DW Hirata, RK Inoue, N TI Validation of AAV-mediated gene targeting SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS VECTORS; REPAIR C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Russell, DW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7 BP 658 EP 658 DI 10.1038/nbt0702-658 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 567QC UT WOS:000176494800014 PM 12089544 ER PT J AU Russell, AC Bekkedal, MYV Mann, TT Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ Andreadis, JD AF Russell, AC Bekkedal, MYV Mann, TT Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ Andreadis, JD TI Gene modulation in total brain induced by exposure to the bicyclic phosphorus ester trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicogenomics; array; GABA antagonists; gene expression; TMPP; subconvulsive seizures ID RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; SEIZURES; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; INJURY; NEURONS; PROTEIN; DECORIN AB The effect of a single subconvulsive dose of the GABAergic convulsant trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP) on gene expression in total rat brain was examined using cDNA array analysis. Using threshold criteria that reduce the number of false positives to <1 gene per 3551 actively transcribed genes on the cDNA array, 41 genes/EST sequences were reproducibly modulated in response to 0.25 mg/kg TMPP. Several genes that were consistent with epileptogenesis and/or neuronal damage and repair mechanisms, such as trkB, alphaB-crystallin, and decorin, were modulated by TMPP exposure in the absence of clinical convulsions. Previous research indicates that rats exposed to subconvulsive doses of TMPP exhibit both "absence-like" EEG paroxysms and persisting central nervous system (CNS) sensitization, as evidenced by increased susceptibility to audiogenic seizures (AGS). Results of this study suggest that cDNA arrays can be used to identify gene modulation events induced by low-level exposure to a chemical convulsant in a reproducible manner. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 George Mason Univ, SRIF, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Andreadis, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Ms G29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 AR PII S0161-813X(02)00021-9 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00021-9 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 586YT UT WOS:000177614300011 PM 12224763 ER PT J AU Newton, KM Buist, DSM Keenan, NL Anderson, LA LaCroix, AZ AF Newton, KM Buist, DSM Keenan, NL Anderson, LA LaCroix, AZ TI Use of alternative therapies for menopause symptoms: Results of a population-based survey SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOT FLASHES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; SOY PROTEIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; FLUSHES; EXTRACT; TRIAL AB OBJECTIVE: To describe self-reported prevalence of die use of alternative therapies for menopause symptoms and subject characteristics associated with their use. METHODS: A telephone survey of 886 women aged 45-65 years (87.2% response rate) was conducted at Group Health Cooperative in Washington state. Women were asked about eight alternative therapies and their use for menopause symptoms. RESULTS: The proportion of women who used each therapy was 76.1% for any therapy, 43.1% for stress management, 37.0% for over-the-counter alternative remedies, 31.6% for chiropractic, 29.5% for massage therapy, 22.9% for dietary soy, 10.44 for acupuncture, 9.4% for naturopath or homeopath, and 4.6% for herbalists. The proportion of women who used it to manage menopause symptoms was 22.1% for any therapy, 9.1% for stress management, 13.1% for over-the-counter alternative remedies, 0.90% for chiropractic, 2.6% for massage therapy, 7.4% for dietary soy, 0.6% for acupuncture, 2.0% for naturopath or homeopath, and 1.2% for herbalists. Among women who used these therapies, 89-100% found them to be somewhat or very helpful. A history of breast cancer was associated with a six-fold increase in use of dietary soy for menopause symptoms (odds ratio 6.23, 95% confidence limits 2.54, 15.28). Current users of hormone replacement therapy were half as likely to use alternative remedies or providers (odds ratio 0.48, 95% confidence limits 0.29, 0.77) as were never users. Sleep disturbances were associated with a four-fold increase in the use of body work, a three-fold increase in the use of stress management, and more than doubled the use of dietary soy products to manage menopause symptoms. CONCLUSION: The use of alternative therapies for menopause symptoms is common, and women who use them generally find them to be beneficial. Physicians should routinely ascertain perimenopausal women's use of alternative therapies. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Newton, KM (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU009654] NR 17 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02005-7 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02005-7 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 568CG UT WOS:000176524400004 PM 12100799 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Chapman, DP Felitti, VJ Edwards, V Williamson, DF Croft, JB Giles, WH AF Anda, RF Chapman, DP Felitti, VJ Edwards, V Williamson, DF Croft, JB Giles, WH TI Adverse childhood experiences and risk of paternity in teen pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL ABUSE; HEALTH-RISK; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; MALE-ADOLESCENTS; PHYSICAL ABUSE; BEHAVIORS; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; RATES; VICTIMIZATION AB OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated risk factors that predispose males to be involved in teen pregnancies. To provide new information on such factors, we examined the relationships of eight common adverse childhood experiences to a male's risk of impregnating a teenager. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using questionnaire responses from 7399 men who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization in California. Data included age of the youngest female ever impregnated; the man's own age at the time; his history of childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; having a battered mother; parental separation or divorce; and having household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill, or criminals. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy were adjusted for age, race, and education. RESULTS: At least one adverse childhood experience was reported by 63% of participants, and 34% had at least two adverse childhood experiences; 19% of men had been involved in a teen pregnancy. Each adverse childhood experience was positively associated with impregnating a teenager, with ORs ranging from 1.2 (sexual abuse) to 1.8 (criminal in home). We found strong graded relationships (P < .001) between the number of adverse childhood experiences and the risk of involvement in a teen pregnancy for each of four birth cohorts during the last century. Compared with males with no adverse childhood experiences, a male with at least five adverse childhood experiences had an OR of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 3.4) for impregnating a teenager. The magnitude of the ORs for the adverse childhood experiences was reduced 64-100% by adjustment for potential intermediate variables (age at first intercourse, number of sexual partners, having a sexually transmitted disease, and alcohol or drug abuse) that also exhibited a strong graded relationship to adverse childhood experiences. CONCLUSION: Adverse childhood experiences have an important relationship to male involvement in teen pregnancy. This relationship has persisted throughout four successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900-1929, suggesting that the effects of adverse childhood experiences transcend changing sexual mores and contraceptive methods. Efforts to prevent teen pregnancy will likely benefit from preventing adverse childhood experiences and their associated effects on male behaviors that might mediate the increased risk of teen pregnancy. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA USA. RP Chapman, DP (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 62 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02063-X DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02063-X PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 568CG UT WOS:000176524400006 PM 12100801 ER PT J AU Gazmararian, JA Petersen, R Jamieson, DJ Schild, L Adams, MM Deshpande, AD Franks, AL AF Gazmararian, JA Petersen, R Jamieson, DJ Schild, L Adams, MM Deshpande, AD Franks, AL TI Hospitalizations during pregnancy among managed care enrollees SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLACENTA PREVIA; UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS; HYPERTENSION; OUTPATIENT; MORBIDITY AB OBJECTIVE. To describe the prevalence of hospitalizations during pregnancy, the reason for hospitalization, the length of stay, and the associated costs. METHODS: We analyzed data from a national managed care organization and determined the occurrence of hospitalizations for 46,179 women who had a live birth or a pregnancy loss in 1997. RESULTS: Overall, 8.7% of women were hospitalized during their pregnancy. Of these, 5.7% were hospitalized and discharged while pregnant, 0.8% experienced extended stays before a live birth or pregnancy loss, and 2.1% experienced pregnancy loss. Hospitalizations were more common among younger women, women with multiple gestations, and women in the northeastern United States. Women who had a live birth were primarily hospitalized for preterm labor (24%), hyperemesis (9%), hypertension (9%), kidney disorders (6%), and prolonged premature rupture of membranes (6%). Charges totaled over $36 million. CONCLUSION: Antenatal hospitalizations are common. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Emory Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dpet Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gazmararian, JA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Emory Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, 6th Floor,1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 17 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02024-0 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02024-0 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 568CG UT WOS:000176524400014 PM 12100809 ER PT J AU MacDorman, MF Mathews, TJ Martin, JA Malloy, MH AF MacDorman, MF Mathews, TJ Martin, JA Malloy, MH TI Trends and characteristics of induced labour in the United States, 1989-98 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIOR CESAREAN DELIVERY; BIRTH CERTIFICATE DATA; ELECTIVE INDUCTION; UTERINE RUPTURE; PRETERM BIRTH; RISK; WOMEN; SECTION; VALIDATION; OUTCOMES AB Induction of labour is one of the fastest growing medical procedures in the United States. In 1998, 19.2% of all US births were a product of induced labour, more than twice the 9.0% in 1989. Induction of labour has been efficacious in the management of post-term pregnancy and in expediting delivery when the mother or infant is sufficiently ill to make continuation of the pregnancy hazardous. However, the recent rapid increase in induction, and particularly the doubling of the induction rate for preterm pregnancies (from 6.7% in 1989 to 13.4% in 1998), has generated concern among some clinicians. The present study uses vital statistics natality data to examine the epidemiology of induced labour in the US. Multivariable analysis is used to examine the probability of having an induced delivery in relation to a wide variety of socio-demographic and medical characteristics, and also in relation to relative indications and contraindications for induced labour as outlined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Induction rates were higher for women who were non-Hispanic white, college educated, born in the US, primaparae and those with intensive prenatal care utilisation. Induction rates were also higher for women with various medical conditions including hypertension, eclampsia and renal disease. For non-Hispanic white women with singleton births, 59% of the increase in the preterm birth rate from 1989 to 1998 can be accounted for by the increase in preterm inductions. The adjusted odds ratio for neonatal mortality among preterm births with induced labour was 1.20 [95% confidence interval 1.11, 1.31]. The rapid increase in induction rates, particularly among preterm births, marks a shift in the obstetric management of pregnancy. More detailed studies are needed to examine physician decision-making protocols, particularly for preterm induction, and to assess the impact of these practice changes on patient outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP MacDorman, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 820, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 39 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2002.00425.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 574TU UT WOS:000176906300012 PM 12123440 ER PT J AU Daniels, NA Mackinnon, L Rowe, SM Bean, NH Griffin, PM Mead, PS AF Daniels, NA Mackinnon, L Rowe, SM Bean, NH Griffin, PM Mead, PS TI Foodborne disease outbreaks in United States schools SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE foodborne outbreaks; school lunch; acute gastroenteritis ID LUNCH PROGRAM; FOOD; GASTROENTERITIS; IRRADIATION; INFECTIONS; ATTITUDES; SAFETY AB Background. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools and to identify where preventive measures could be targeted. Methods. Reports by state and local health departments of foodborne disease outbreaks occurring in primary and secondary schools, colleges and universities from January 1, 1973, through December 31, 1997, were reviewed. Data from ill persons identified through foodborne outbreak investigations and subsequently reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the Foodborne Outbreak Surveillance System were examined. The number and size of foodborne disease outbreaks, as well as the etiologic agents, food vehicles of transmission, site of food preparation and contributing factors associated with outbreaks were also examined. Results. From 1973 through 1997, states and local health departments reported 604 outbreaks of foodborne disease in schools. The median number of school outbreaks annually was 25 (range, 9 to 44). In 60% of the outbreaks an etiology was not determined, and in 45% a specific food vehicle of transmission was not determined. Salmonella was the most commonly identified pathogen, accounting for 36% of outbreak reports with a known etiology. Specific food vehicles of transmission were epidemiologically identified in 333 (55%) of the 604 outbreaks. The most commonly implicated vehicles were foods containing poultry (18.6%), salads (6.0%), Mexican-style food (6.0%), beef (5.7%) and dairy products excluding ice cream (5.0%). The most commonly reported food preparation practices that contributed to these school-related outbreaks were improper food storage and holding temperatures and food contaminated by a food handler. Conclusions. Strengthening food safety measures in schools would better protect students and school staff from outbreaks of foodborne illness. Infection control policies, such as training and certification of food handlers in the proper storage and cooking of foods, meticulous hand washing and paid sick leave for food handlers with gastroenteritis, could make meals safer for American students. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Daniels, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, 1701 Divisadero St,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 623 EP 628 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000019885.31694.9e PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 574NJ UT WOS:000176896200003 PM 12237592 ER PT J AU Nelson, EAS Tam, JS Glass, RI Parashar, UD AF Nelson, EAS Tam, JS Glass, RI Parashar, UD TI Incidence of rotavirus diarrhea and intussusception in Hong Kong using standardized hospital discharge data SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; rotavirus; intussusception ID DISEASE BURDEN; VACCINE AB Incidence for rotavirus and intussusception was estimated from standardized discharge data for all Hong Kong government hospitals (1997 to 1999). Intussusception incidence in infants (78 to 100 of 100 000) was relatively high. The distinct winter seasonality of rotavirus was not evident for intussusception. During the first 5 years of life an estimated 1 child of 28 is admitted with rotavirus infection (4% of all medical admissions). C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Paediat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, EAS (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Paediat, 6-F Clin Sci Bldg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 7 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 701 EP 703 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000021109.86238.96 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 574NJ UT WOS:000176896200018 PM 12237607 ER PT J AU Barlow, SE Dietz, WH Klish, WJ Trowbridge, FL AF Barlow, SE Dietz, WH Klish, WJ Trowbridge, FL TI Medical evaluation of overweight children and adolescents: Reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE child obesity; adolescent obesity; overweight; medical evaluation ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; OBESE CHILDREN; BREATHING DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; DISEASE; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; HISTORY; GROWTH; LIVER AB Objective. The primary aim of this study was to determine how pediatric health care providers identify overweight in children and adolescents and how they evaluate obesity-related medical complications. This information can guide development of programs to help providers improve their evaluation practices. A secondary objective was to examine the association of certain provider characteristics with recommended evaluation practices. Methods. A random sample of pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs), and registered dietitians received a questionnaire about their evaluation of overweight children and adolescents. Results were compared with published recommendations. Associations between respondent characteristics and adherence to published recommendations were examined. Results. A total 940 providers responded (response rate: 19%-33%). Among all 3 groups a majority frequently used clinical impression, weight-for-age percentile, weight-for-height percent, and weight-for-height percentile to assess degree of overweight. Nearly all pediatricians and PNPs routinely evaluated blood pressure, but a minority routinely looked for orthopedic problems, insulin resistance, and sleep disorders. Less than 10% followed all recommendations for history and physical examination. Two thirds of pediatricians and PNPs routinely tested for lipid abnormalities. Most providers asked about family history of overweight, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, but only one third asked about gallbladder disease. In general, the provider's specialty, years in practice, gender, and body mass index were not associated with adherence to recommended practices. Conclusions. Medical evaluation of overweight children and adolescents fell short of recommended practices. These results point to the need for educational efforts to increase awareness of medical risks and for tools to facilitate more complete evaluation during office visits. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Trowbridge & Assoc Inc, Decatur, GA USA. RP Barlow, SE (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Cardinal Glennon Childrens Hosp, 465 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. NR 35 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1 SU S BP 222 EP 228 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 568TT UT WOS:000176560600004 PM 12093999 ER PT J AU Barlow, SE Trowbridge, FL Klish, WJ Dietz, WH AF Barlow, SE Trowbridge, FL Klish, WJ Dietz, WH TI Treatment of child and adolescent obesity: Reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE child obesity; adolescent obesity; obesity treatment ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; WEIGHT CHANGE; SIBUTRAMINE; EXERCISE; HEALTH AB Objective. The primary aim of this study was to identify interventions used by pediatric health care providers in treatment of overweight children and adolescents to identify provider educational needs. A secondary aim was to examine the association of certain provider characteristics with recommended evaluation practices. Study Design. A random sample of pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians (RDs) received questionnaires about their diet, activity, and medication recommendations for overweight patients and about referrals to specialists and programs. Results were examined for adherence to published recommendations and for associations with certain respondent characteristics. Results. A total of 940 providers responded (response rate: 19%-33%). The majority recommended "changes in eating patterns" and "limitations of specific foods." Half or more used "low-fat diet" and "modest calorie restriction" in adolescents. Less than 15% used "very low-calorie diet." Fewer RDs recommended more restrictive diets. More than 60% of all groups followed recommended eating interventions for school-aged children and adolescents. More than 80% followed recommended physical activity interventions for all age groups. In each group, about 5% sometimes recommended prescription medication and herbal remedies for adolescents. None recommended surgery. Two thirds of pediatricians and pediatric nurse practitioners often referred to RDs. Approximately 20% referred to child/adolescent weight programs, but for 27% to 42%, these programs or pediatric obesity specialists were not available. No consistent associations between respondent characteristics and adherence to recommended interventions were identified. Conclusions. The providers generally promoted healthy eating and activity with minimal use of highly restrictive diets or medication to control weight. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Trowbridge & Assoc Inc, Decatur, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barlow, SE (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, 1465 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. NR 23 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1 SU S BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 568TT UT WOS:000176560600005 PM 12094000 ER PT J AU Barlow, SE Dietz, WH AF Barlow, SE Dietz, WH TI Management of child and adolescent obesity: Summary and recommendations based on reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT; HEALTH; TELEVISION C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barlow, SE (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Cardinal Glennon Childrens Hosp, 1465 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. NR 21 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2002 VL 110 IS 1 SU S BP 236 EP 238 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 568TT UT WOS:000176560600006 PM 12094001 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Wang, L Vogt, RF AF Gaigalas, AK Wang, L Vogt, RF TI Frequency-domain measurement of the photodegradation process of fluorescein SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOBLEACHING KINETICS; MICROSCOPY; DYES; STATE AB The frequency-domain technique is applied to measure the photodegradation rate of fluorescein in aqueous solutions. The illuminating light is modulated, and the changes in fluorescence from the illuminated region are detected synchronously. A constant flow rate is imposed on the fluorescein solution to control the mass transport of fluorescein into the illuminated region. The fluorescence response is described by a model that assumes that photodegradation occurs from the triplet excited state. The predictions of the model are consistent with the observed variations in the fluorescence response with How rate, modulation frequency and incident power. We discuss in this article how the dependence of the model parameters on experimental conditions can be used to infer the photodegradation rate as well as some of the details of the photodegradation mechanism. The results are consistent with the known mechanism of photodegradation of fluorescein. The frequency-domain technique gives a photodegradation rate of 53 s(-1) in an air-saturated solution and 37 s(-1) in solutions purged with argon gas. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0022:FDMOTP>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 573XB UT WOS:000176856800003 PM 12126303 ER PT J AU Nelson, TL Hunt, KJ Rosamond, WD Ammerman, AS Keyserling, TC Mokdad, AH Will, JC AF Nelson, TL Hunt, KJ Rosamond, WD Ammerman, AS Keyserling, TC Mokdad, AH Will, JC TI Obesity and associated coronary heart disease risk factors in a population of low-income African-American and white women: The North Carolina WISEWOMAN project SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE African-American women; coronary heart disease; risk factors; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; NUTRITION-EXAMINATION-SURVEY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; BLACK-WOMEN; US ADULTS; MORTALITY; DETERMINANTS; PREVALENCE AB Background. Obesity has been associated with many co-occurring coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors as well as CHD mortality. These associations have been shown to vary between African-American and white sample populations. Methods. The authors examined whether obesity co-occurs with several CHD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)), and estimated the 10-year risk for CHD in the North Carolina WISEWOMAN (Well Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation) study sample. This sample includes low-income African-American and white women (2:50 years of age). Results. Among white women (n = 1,284), 34% were overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.99 kg/m(2)) and 35% obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)); among African-American women (n = 754), 28% were overweight and 59% obese. Among obese and nonobese African-American women, the prevalence of three or more co-occurring risk factors was similar (obese = 17.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.9, 21.6) and nonobese = 13.3% (95% Cl: 8.7, 17.8)). By contrast, the prevalence among white women was greater among the obese (26.9% (95% Cl: 22.9,31.0)) than the nonobese (13.0% (95% CI: 9.7,16.2)). Conclusions. The differences between and within African-American and white women may be accounted for by the high levels of HDL-C among obese and nonobese African-American women. (C) 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, TL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, 218 F Moby, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1006/pmed.2002.1042 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 569PQ UT WOS:000176611400001 PM 12079434 ER PT J AU Sinclair, RC Maxfield, A Marks, EL Thompson, DR Gershon, RRM AF Sinclair, RC Maxfield, A Marks, EL Thompson, DR Gershon, RRM TI Prevalence of safer needle devices and factors associated with their adoption: Results of a National Hospital Survey SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; OCCUPATIONALLY ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION; INTRAVENOUS SYSTEM; IMPACT; IMPLEMENTATION; INJURIES; HAZARDS AB Objectives. In this study, we collected and analyzed the first data available on the extent of the adoption of safer needle devices (engineered sharps injury protections [ESIPs]) by U.S. hospitals and on the degree to which selected factors influence the use of this technology. Methods. We gathered data via a telephone survey of a random sample of 494 U.S. hospitals from November 1999 through February 2000. Results. Although 83% of the sample reported some ESIP adoption, adoption was inconsistent across types of devices. All of the appropriate units in 52% of the facilities had adopted needleless intravenous delivery systems, but the hospitals used other types of ESIPs less often. A respondent's perception that the cost of ESIPs would not be a problem for the hospital was the best predictor of adoption of ESIPs in the facility, explaining 8% of the variance. Other predictors of adoption included the size of the hospital and the presence or absence of state legislative activity on the needlestick issue. Conclusions. Smaller hospitals may require special encouragement and assistance from outside sources to adopt expensive risk-reduction innovations such as ESIPs. Although use of ESIPs is the mandated and preferred way to protect workers from needlesticks, complete adoption of this technology will depend on the support of the social systems in which it is used and the people who use it. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. ORC Macro Int, Calverton, MD USA. Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Sinclair, RC (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 117 IS 4 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50170-X PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634CA UT WOS:000180321400004 PM 12477915 ER PT J AU Evenson, KR Laraia, BA Welch, VLL Perry, AL AF Evenson, KR Laraia, BA Welch, VLL Perry, AL TI Statewide prevalences of concern about enough food, 1996-1999 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; INSECURITY; HUNGER; IDENTIFICATION; SUFFICIENCY; INDICATORS; HOUSEHOLDS AB Objective. Food insecurity is defined as not having access at all times to enough food for an active and healthy life-style. A Healthy People 2010 objective is to increase food security and reduce the risk of hunger for all households. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of concern about enough food and its association with other sociodemographic and health characteristics at the state level. Methods. Adult respondents participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey provided information on concern about enough food from nine states from 1996 through 1999. Results. Overall, the prevalence of concern about enough food ranged from 3.1% to 11.8% for individual states. Across states, low household income was the strongest predictor of concern about enough food. The odds of being concerned about enough food were generally higher among respondents who were female, younger, and without health care coverage. The odds were generally lower among those reporting excellent or very good general health and among non-Hispanic whites. Conclusion. Food security scales could be used at the state level to track progress for the Healthy People 2010 objective of reducing food insecurity and hunger across American households. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Evenson, KR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 137 E Franklin St,Ste 306, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5-T32-HL007055] NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 117 IS 4 BP 358 EP 365 DI 10.1093/phr/117.4.358 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634CA UT WOS:000180321400006 PM 12477917 ER PT J AU Castrucci, BC Kamb, ML Hunt, K AF Castrucci, BC Kamb, ML Hunt, K TI Assessing the center for disease control and prevention's 1994 HIV Counseling, Testing, and Referral: Standards and Guidelines - How closely does practice conform to existing recommendations? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ZIDOVUDINE; REDUCTION; THERAPY AB Background: Growing support for the focus of the 1994 HIV Counseling, Testing, and Referral Guidelines on early recognition of HIV infection and the findings of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial establishing the efficacy of the client-centered model of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have placed a new focus on the need for the effective delivery of HIV prevention counseling. Goal: The goal of this study was to compare published national guidelines on HIV counseling, testing, and referral with actual practice. Study Design: The study employed a cross-sectional design and involved 51 interviews. Results: Sixty-one percent of sites routinely completed personalized risk-reduction plans. Thirty-one percent of respondents indicated that HIV-positive clients spoke more than the counselor during posttest counseling, and 23% said the same for HIV-negative clients. Sixty-eight percent of respondents indicated that individual risks were discussed in the typical counseling session, whereas 30% reported discussing a combination of general information and individual risks. Most sites met referral standards (86%), found and notified HIV-positive clients who did not return for their test results (85%), and had at least one counselor observation per year (79%). Conclusions: Several measures indicated areas in which practice did not conform to guidelines, which may compromise the potential benefits of the HIV counseling, testing, and referral services. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Sociomed Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Hlth & Nutr Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Castrucci, BC (reprint author), Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, POB 2316,Coll Rd & Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 29 IS 7 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1097/00007435-200207000-00010 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 570DP UT WOS:000176643600010 PM 12170132 ER PT J AU Frank, E Denniston, M Pederson, L AF Frank, E Denniston, M Pederson, L TI Declines in smokers' understanding of tobacco's hazards between 1986 and 1998: A report from north Georgia SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMOKING AB Background. The prevalence of smoking in the general US population has declined significantly over the past few decades. Despite this, few studies have examined changes in cigarette attributes perceived by less educated, rural, or southern populations. Methods. A survey was administered to individuals in clinic waiting rooms of two small cities in northwest Georgia in 1986-1987 and 1997-1998. Results. Smokers Surveyed in 1997-1998 ascribed more positive characteristics and fewer health risks and other negative characteristics to smoking than did smokers surveyed in 1986-1987. However, nonsmokers in 1997-1998 were more likely than nonsmokers in 1986-1987 to consider smoking to be negative and offensive, and ex-smokers in the second survey were more likely than ex-smokers in the first survey to consider smoking to be addictive. Conclusions. While substantial successes have been made in improving smoking cessation rates nationally, efforts to further reduce rates by changing smokers' perceptions may require new strategies for some populations. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frank, E (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 95 IS 7 BP 675 EP 680 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 574CT UT WOS:000176871400005 PM 12144070 ER PT J AU Sallum, MAM Schultz, TR Foster, PG Aronstein, K Wirtz, RA Wilkerson, RC AF Sallum, MAM Schultz, TR Foster, PG Aronstein, K Wirtz, RA Wilkerson, RC TI Phylogeny of Anophelinae (Diptera : Culicidae) based on nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID D2 VARIABLE REGION; GENE-SEQUENCES; COMBINING DATA; ARTHROPOD PHYLOGENY; ANIMAL KINGDOM; RNA; CHARACTERS; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; 18S AB Phylogenetic relationships among thirty-two species of mosquitoes in subfamily Anophelinae are inferred from portions of the mitochondrial genes COI and COII, the nuclear 18S small subunit rRNA gene and the expansion D2 region of the nuclear large subunit 28S rRNA gene. Sequences were obtained from the genera Anopheles, Bironella and Chagasia . Representatives of all six subgenera of Anopheles were included: Anopheles, Cellia, Kerteszia, Lophopodomyia, Nyssorhynchus and Stethomyia. Using parsimony and maximum likelihood methods, various combinations of these DNA sequence data were analysed separately: 18S, 28S, combined 18S and 28S, combined COI and COII, and combined 18S, 28S, COI and COII ('total evidence'). The combined rDNA data contain strong phylogenetic signal, moderately to strongly supporting most clades in MP and ML analyses; however, the mtDNA data (analysed as either nucleotide or amino acid sequences) contain little phylogenetic signal, except for relationships of very recently derived groups of species and, at the deepest level, for the monophyly of Anophelinae. The paraphyly of Anopheles relative to Bironella is confirmed by most analyses and statistical tests. Support for the monophyly of subgenera Anopheles, Cellia , Kerteszia and Nyssorhynchus is indicated by most analyses. Subgenus Lophopodomyia is reconstructed as the sister to Bironella, nested within a clade also containing Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia. The most basal relationships within genus Anopheles are not well resolved by any of the data partitions, although the results of statistical analyses of the rDNA data (S-H-tests, likelihood ratio tests for monophyly and Bayesian MCMC analyses) suggest that the clade consisting of Bironella, Lophopodomyia, Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia is the sister to the clade containing Cellia and Anopheles. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, London, England. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sallum, MAM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, Av Dr Arnaldo 715, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Sallum, Maria/B-8537-2012 NR 63 TC 79 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 361 EP 382 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00182.x PG 22 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 568FN UT WOS:000176531900005 ER PT J AU Williams, LJ Mai, CT Edmonds, LD Shaw, GM Kirby, RS Hobbs, CA Sever, LE Miller, LA Meaney, FJ Levitt, M AF Williams, LJ Mai, CT Edmonds, LD Shaw, GM Kirby, RS Hobbs, CA Sever, LE Miller, LA Meaney, FJ Levitt, M TI Prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly during the transition to mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOOD FORTIFICATION; PREVENTION; FOLATE AB Background: In 1992, the United States Public Health Service recommended that all women of childbearing age consume 400 mug of folic acid daily. The Food and Drug Administration authorized the addition of synthetic folic acid to grain products in March 1996 with mandatory compliance by January 1998. The impact of these public health policies on the prevalence of neural tube defects needs to be evaluated. We sought to determine the prevalences of Spina bifida and anencephaly during the transition to mandatory folic acid fortification. Methods: Twenty-four population-based surveillance systems were used to identify 5,630 cases of Spina bifida and anencephaly from 1995-99. Cases were divided into three temporal categories depending on whether neural tube development occurred before folic acid fortification (January 1995 to December 1996), during optional fortification (January 1997 to September 1998), or during mandatory fortification (October 1998 to December 1999). Prevalences for each defect were calculated for each time period. Data were also stratified by programs that did and did not ascertain prenatally diagnosed cases. Results: The prevalence of spina bifida decreased 31% (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63-0.74) from the pre- to the mandatory fortification period and the prevalence of anencephaly decreased 16% (PR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75-0.95). Stratification by prenatal ascertainment did not alter results for spina bifida but did impact anencephaly trends. Conclusions: The decline in the prevalence of spina bifida was temporally associated with folic acid fortification of US grain supplies. The temporal association between fortification and the prevalence of anencephaly is unclear. C1 CDCP, MPH, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Oakland, CA 94606 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Reprod Hlth Monitoring Syst, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Arizona Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Childrens Hosp, Ctr Med, Child Policy Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Williams, LJ (reprint author), CDCP, MPH, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 192 Z9 199 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1002/tera.10060 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 570GW UT WOS:000176651400007 PM 12115778 ER PT J AU Miller, CH Platt, SJ Daniele, C Kaczor, D AF Miller, CH Platt, SJ Daniele, C Kaczor, D TI Evaluation of two automated methods for measurement of the ristocetin cofactor activity of von Willebrand factor SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE von Willebrand factor; ristocetin cofactor; methods ID VONWILLEBRAND DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; WOMEN AB We have evaluated two automated methods for measuring ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) on an automated coagulation analyzer (STAR(R), Diagnostica Stago Inc., Parsippany, NJ). A modification of the BC von Willebrand Reagent method (Dade Behring Inc., Newark, Delaware) was compared with a standard method using a platelet aggregometer, and an in-house automated method was developed using commercially available components. The STAR measures the change in optical density (OD) caused by agglutination of platelets. Change in OD was linear for plasma dilutions between .25 and .04 U/mL. Coefficient of-variation compared favorably with that of the standard method. In 123 normal women, the correlation coefficient (r) = .905. In menorrhagia cases, r = .901. In 20 VWD patients, r = .93. The CDC in-house method was compared to the BC Reagent method in 79 additional menorrhagia cases, with r = .94. The automated methods produced results equivalent or superior to those of traditional methods of measuring VWF:RCo. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Diagnost Stago Inc, Parsippany, NJ USA. RP Miller, CH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 88 IS 1 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 574BE UT WOS:000176867800012 PM 12152679 ER PT J AU Boneva, RS Grindon, AJ Orton, SL Switzer, WM Shanmugam, V Hussain, AI Bhullar, VB Chamberland, ME Heneine, W Folks, TM Chapman, LE AF Boneva, RS Grindon, AJ Orton, SL Switzer, WM Shanmugam, V Hussain, AI Bhullar, VB Chamberland, ME Heneine, W Folks, TM Chapman, LE TI Simian foamy virus infection in a blood donor SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; ZOONOTIC INFECTION; GRAVES-DISEASE; ABSENCE; GENE; RETROVIRUSES; REPLICATION; THYROIDITIS; ANTIBODY; VECTORS AB BACKGROUND: Infections with simian foamy virus (SFV) are widely prevalent in nonhuman primates. SFV infection was confirmed in a worker, occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates, who donated blood after the retrospectively documented date of infection. Human-to-human transmission of SFV through transfusion and its pathogenicity have not been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Recipients of blood from this donor were identified and blood samples from such recipients were tested for SFV infection by Western blot and PCR assay. RESULTS: One recipient of RBCs and another recipient of FFP had died; retroviral infections were not implicated. One platelet recipient could not be tested. Recipients of RBCs (two), a WBC-reduced RBC unit (one), and a platelet unit (one) tested SFV-negative 19 months to 7 years after transfusion. Tested recipients had transfusions 3 to 35 days after blood donation. Samples of one lot of albumin and three lots of plasma protein fraction (manufactured from recovered plasma from two donations) tested negative both for antibodies and for viral RNA. CONCLUSION: SFV transmission through transfusion was not identified among four recipients of cellular blood components from one SFV-infected donor. Derivatives containing plasma from that donor tested negative for SFV. C1 NCID, DASTLR, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Red Cross Blood Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. RP Boneva, RS (reprint author), NCID, DASTLR, CDC, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2002 VL 42 IS 7 BP 886 EP 891 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00134.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 576FN UT WOS:000176992300012 PM 12375661 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Lama, M Onikpo, F Deming, MS AF Rowe, AK Lama, M Onikpo, F Deming, MS TI Health worker perceptions of how being observed influences their practices during consultations with ill children SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 572UH UT WOS:000176793000016 PM 12139161 ER PT J AU Barbour, EK Farran, MT Hamadeh, SK Bouljihad, M Faroon, O Kreydiyyeh, S AF Barbour, EK Farran, MT Hamadeh, SK Bouljihad, M Faroon, O Kreydiyyeh, S TI Comparative impact of live chicken infectious anaemia virus vaccine versus natural exposure in meat chicken breeders on immunity to infectivity by CIA and inclusion body hepatitis viruses in their offspring SO VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE breeders; chicken infectious anaemia virus; epidemiology; immunity; inclusion body hepatitis virus; infection; offspring; poultry; thymulin; vaccine ID ANEMIA AGENT; ANTIBODY AB The immunology and histopathology and the distribution of viral antigen in infections with chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and inclusion body hepatitis virus (IBHV) were compared in the broiler offspring of CIAV-vaccinated meat chicken breeders versus those in the offspring of breeders naturally exposed to field CIAV. No significant difference in the humoral antibody level specific for CIAV was observed between 5 and 33 weeks of age in the two breeder groups (p > 0.05). The maternal humoral immunity to CIAV at 40 days of age indicated an absence of clinical signs of CIAV in the broiler offspring of both groups of breeders and this was associated with mean serum thymulin levels in offspring of both groups not differing significantly at 1 or 40 days of age. Histopathological and immunofluorescence observations did not differ significantly in the offspring of either group by CIAV or IBHV. C1 Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. Univ Minnesota, Sch Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US PHS, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Biol, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Barbour, EK (reprint author), Tigah Kanisat Martakla, Sahat Alayn, Kafarchima, Lebanon. RI barbour, elie/P-6166-2014 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7380 J9 VET RES COMMUN JI Vet. Res. Commun. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 26 IS 5 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1023/A:1016251013681 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 573AJ UT WOS:000176806900008 PM 12212729 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Mastro, TD Grant, AD Nkengasong, J Macharia, D AF Weidle, PJ Mastro, TD Grant, AD Nkengasong, J Macharia, D TI HIV/AIDS treatment and HIV vaccines for Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITOR THERAPY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY; SUBTYPE-C; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; COTE-DIVOIRE; AIDS AB Increased support from the global HIV/AIDS community is driving advances in HIV treatment and vaccine development in the developing world. Care of patients with AIDS includes many biomedical, nutritional, psychosocial, and behavioural interventions. In resource-poor settings, antiretroviral drugs should be given with use of standardised treatment regimens and streamlined algorithms for monitoring use. A safe and effective HIV vaccine will supplement prevention efforts to protect uninfected people against infection, or might possibly be able to modify the course of HIV infection. Advances have been made in understanding the immune response and immunisation to HIV, and new ideas for candidate vaccines have been developed, including several based on HIV-1 strains prevalent in Africa. HIV vaccine efficacy trials are needed in Africa to determine whether these advances can be translated into clinical and public health benefits. In this review, we discuss the prospects for use of treatment and vaccines in resource-poor settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Climat Res Unit, London WC1, England. Projet RETROCI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CDC Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 81 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 29 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9325 BP 2261 EP 2267 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09297-8 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 567YJ UT WOS:000176514500026 PM 12103304 ER PT J AU Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Wilson, HG Folger, SG Mandel, MG Daling, JR Bernstein, L Malone, KE Ursin, G Strom, BL Norman, SA Weiss, LK Wingo, PA Burkman, RT Berlin, JA Simon, MS Spirtas, R Weiss, LK AF Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Wilson, HG Folger, SG Mandel, MG Daling, JR Bernstein, L Malone, KE Ursin, G Strom, BL Norman, SA Weiss, LK Wingo, PA Burkman, RT Berlin, JA Simon, MS Spirtas, R Weiss, LK TI Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; PROGNOSIS; BLACK; WHITE AB Background: It is uncertain whether the use of an oral contraceptive increases the risk of breast cancer later in life, when the incidence of breast cancer is increased. We conducted a population-based, case-control study to determine the risk of breast cancer among former and current users of oral contraceptives. Methods: We interviewed women who were 35 to 64 years old. A total of 4575 women with breast cancer and 4682 controls were interviewed. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios as estimates of the relative risk (incidence-density ratios) of breast cancer. Results: The relative risk was 1.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.3) for women who were currently using oral contraceptives and 0.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.0) for those who had previously used them. The relative risk did not increase consistently with longer periods of use or with higher doses of estrogen. The results were similar among white and black women. Use of oral contraceptives by women with a family history of breast cancer was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, nor was the initiation of oral-contraceptive use at a young age. Conclusions: Among women from 35 to 64 years of age, current or former oral-contraceptive use was not associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Epidemiol, Detroit, MI USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Bay State Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Marchbanks, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-67006, N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064, N01-PC-67010]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-3-3176, Y01-HD-7022] NR 27 TC 259 Z9 277 U1 1 U2 9 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 27 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 26 BP 2025 EP 2032 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa013202 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 566DN UT WOS:000176411900002 PM 12087137 ER PT J AU Moore, AC Ryan, ET Waldron, MA AF Moore, AC Ryan, ET Waldron, MA TI A 37-year-old man with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and a cutaneous foot lesion after a trip to Africa - East African trypanosomiasis (Trypanosom brucei rhodesiense infection) SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GAMBIENSE SLEEPING SICKNESS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; MELARSOPROL; DIAGNOSIS; ENCEPHALOPATHY; TRAVELERS; UGANDA; FIELD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Drug Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moore, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 27 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 26 BP 2069 EP 2076 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 566DN UT WOS:000176411900009 PM 12087144 ER PT J AU McKinney, K Benson, S Lempert, A Singal, M Wallingford, K Snyder, E AF McKinney, K Benson, S Lempert, A Singal, M Wallingford, K Snyder, E CA CDC TI Occupational exposures to air contaminants at the World Trade Center disaster site - New York, September-October, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 453-456, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Off Emergency Management, New York, NY USA. New York City Sch Construct Author, New York, NY USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP McKinney, K (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 26 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 24 BP 3201 EP 3202 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 566FF UT WOS:000176415800009 ER PT J AU Belcuore, T Conti, L Mock, V Wiersma, S Childs, J Rupprecht, C Hanlon, C Krebs, J AF Belcuore, T Conti, L Mock, V Wiersma, S Childs, J Rupprecht, C Hanlon, C Krebs, J CA CDC TI Rabies in a beaver - Florida, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 481-482, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; LAGOMORPHS; RODENTS; HEALTH C1 Alachua Cty Hlth Dept, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. Florida State Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belcuore, T (reprint author), Alachua Cty Hlth Dept, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 26 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 24 BP 3202 EP 3203 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 566FF UT WOS:000176415800010 ER PT J AU Brown, D Gray, J MacDonald, P Green, A Morgan, D Christopher, G Glass, R Turcios, R AF Brown, D Gray, J MacDonald, P Green, A Morgan, D Christopher, G Glass, R Turcios, R TI Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses among British Military personnel - Afghanistan, May 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, 477-479, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Cent Publ Hlth Lab, London, England. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, London NW9 5EQ, England. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl Kirchberg, Germany. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, D (reprint author), Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Cent Publ Hlth Lab, London, England. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 26 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 24 BP 3203 EP 3204 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 566FF UT WOS:000176415800011 ER PT J AU Corbett, EL Steketee, RW ter Kuile, FO Latif, AS Kamali, A Hayes, RJ AF Corbett, EL Steketee, RW ter Kuile, FO Latif, AS Kamali, A Hayes, RJ TI HIV-1/AIDS and the control of other infectious diseases in Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; HIV-1-INFECTED UGANDAN ADULTS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RURAL TANZANIA AB The effect of HIV-1 on other infectious diseases in Africa is an increasing public health concern. In this review, we describe the role that three major infectious diseases-malaria, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and tuberculosis-have had In the HIV-1 epidemic. The high prevalence of untreated STD infections has been a major factor facilitating the spread of HIV-1 in Africa; with the synergistic interaction between HIV-1 transmission and genital herpes being of especial concern for control of both diseases. Increased susceptibility to tuberculosis after infection with HIV-1 has led to a rising incidence and threat of increased transmission of tuberculosis. Clinical malaria occurs with an increased frequency and severity in HIV-1-infected individuals, especially during pregnancy. As with tuberculosis, STDs, and other communicable HIV-1-associated diseases, the net effect of HIV-1 might include increased rates of malaria transmission across communities. In addition to enhancing access to HIV-1 prevention and care, public health surveillance and control programmes should be greatly intensified to cope with the new realities of infectious disease control in Africa. C1 Univ Zimbabwe, Biomed Res & Training Inst, Harare, Zimbabwe. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Fac Med, Harare, Zimbabwe. MRC, AIDS Program, Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Corbett, EL (reprint author), Univ Zimbabwe, Biomed Res & Training Inst, Main Campus,POB CY1753, Harare, Zimbabwe. OI Corbett, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3552-3181; Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-1729-9892 NR 107 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 6 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 22 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9324 BP 2177 EP 2187 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09095-5 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 566RJ UT WOS:000176441800025 PM 12090997 ER PT J AU Lanciotti, RS Ebel, GD Deubel, V Kerst, AJ Murri, S Meyer, R Bowen, M McKinney, N Morrill, WE Crabtree, MB Kramer, LD Roehrig, JT AF Lanciotti, RS Ebel, GD Deubel, V Kerst, AJ Murri, S Meyer, R Bowen, M McKinney, N Morrill, WE Crabtree, MB Kramer, LD Roehrig, JT TI Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis of West Nile virus strains isolated from the United States, Europe, and the Middle East SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; flavivirus; phylogenetic analysis; nucleic acid sequence ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; FEVER; NEUROINVASIVENESS; EPIDEMIC; ROMANIA AB The complete nucleotide sequences of eight West Nile (WN) virus strains (Egypt 1951, Romania 1996-MQ, Italy 1998-equine, New York 1999-equine, MD 2000-crow265, NJ 2000MQ5488, NY 2000-grouse3282, and NY 2000-crow3356) were determined. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from the aligned nucleotide sequences of these eight viruses along with all other previously published complete WIN virus genome sequences. The phylogenetic trees revealed the presence of two genetic lineages of WIN viruses, Lineage 1 WIN viruses have been isolated from the northeastern United States, Europe, Israel, Africa, India, Russia, and Australia. Lineage 2 WIN viruses have been isolated only in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. Lineage 1 viruses can be further subdivided into three monophyletic clades. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 US Dept HHS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ctr Rech Merieux Pasteur Lyon, Inst Pasteur, Lyon, France. US Dept HHS, Div BPRA, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lanciotti, RS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI Ebel, Gregory/D-8324-2017; OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 27 TC 261 Z9 284 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 20 PY 2002 VL 298 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1449 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 573HH UT WOS:000176822900011 PM 12093177 ER PT J AU Barrett, NL Reingold, A Gershman, K McCombs, K Harrison, LH Johnson, SK Hibbs, JR Cassidy, M Cieslak, P Craig, A Jorgensen, JH Feikin, DR Whitney, CG AF Barrett, NL Reingold, A Gershman, K McCombs, K Harrison, LH Johnson, SK Hibbs, JR Cassidy, M Cieslak, P Craig, A Jorgensen, JH Feikin, DR Whitney, CG CA CDC TI Assessment of susceptibility testing practices for Streptococcus pneumoniae - United States, February 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 392-394, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID THERAPEUTIC WORKING GROUP; PNEUMOCOCCAL RESISTANCE; MANAGEMENT; ERA C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Emerging Infect P, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 19 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 23 BP 3071 EP 3073 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 563NK UT WOS:000176262300007 ER PT J AU Weiss, L Pue, C Lewis, R Rossmoore, H Fink, J Harney, J Trout, D AF Weiss, L Pue, C Lewis, R Rossmoore, H Fink, J Harney, J Trout, D CA CDC TI Respiratory illness in workers exposed to metalworking fluid contaminated with nontuberculous mycobacteria - Ohio, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 349-352, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Knox Community Hosp, Mt Vernon, IA USA. Cent Ohio Pulm Dis, Columbus, OH USA. Biosan Labs, Warren, MI USA. CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weiss, L (reprint author), Knox Community Hosp, Mt Vernon, IA USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 19 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 23 BP 3073 EP 3074 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 563NK UT WOS:000176262300008 ER PT J AU McCaig, LF Besser, RE Hughes, JM AF McCaig, LF Besser, RE Hughes, JM TI Trends in antimicrobial prescribing rates for children and adolescents SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTIC USE; UNITED-STATES; ACUTE BRONCHITIS; CARE PHYSICIANS; OTITIS-MEDIA; RISK-FACTORS; ADULTS; AGENTS AB Context Annual rates of antimicrobial prescribing for children by office-based physicians increased from 1980 through 1992. The development of antimicrobial resistance, which increased for many organisms during the 1990s, is associated with antimicrobial use. To combat development of antimicrobial resistance, professional and public health organizations undertook efforts to promote appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Objective To assess changes in antimicrobial prescribing rates overall and for respiratory tract infections for children and adolescents younger than 15 years. Design, Setting, and Participants National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data provided by 2500 to 3500 office-based physicians for 6500 to 13 600 pediatric visits during 2-year periods from 1989-1990 through 1999-2000. Main Outcome Measures Population- and visit-based antimicrobial prescribing rates overall and for respiratory tract infections (otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infection) among children and adolescents younger than 15 years. Results The average population-based annual rate of overall antimicrobial prescriptions per 1000 children and adolescents younger than 15 years decreased from 838 (95% confidence interval [CI], 711-966) in 1989-1990 to 503 (95% CI, 419-588) in 1999-2000 (P for slope <.001). The visit-based rate decreased from 330 antimicrobial prescriptions per 1000 off ice visits (95% CI, 305-355) to 234 (95% CI, 210-257; P for slope <.001). For the 5 respiratory tract infections, the population-based prescribing rate decreased from 674 (95% CI, 568-781) to 379 (95% CI, 311-447; P for slope <.001) and the visit-based prescribing rate decreased from 715 (95% CI, 682748) to 613 (95% CI, 570-657; P for slope <.001). Both population- and visit-based prescribing rates decreased for pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection; however, for otitis media and bronchitis, declines were only observed in the population-based rate. Prescribing rates for sinusitis remained stable. Conclusion The rate of antimicrobial prescribing overall and for respiratory tract infections by office-based physicians for children and adolescents younger than 15 years decreased significantly between 1989-1990 and 1999-2000. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP McCaig, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lfm1@cdc.gov; rbesser@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 306 Z9 315 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 19 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 23 BP 3096 EP 3102 DI 10.1001/jama.287.23.3096 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 563NK UT WOS:000176262300024 PM 12069672 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Craig, AS Coffey, CS Jorgensen, DM Mitchel, E Hall, S Schaffner, W Griffin, MR AF Perz, JF Craig, AS Coffey, CS Jorgensen, DM Mitchel, E Hall, S Schaffner, W Griffin, MR TI Changes in antibiotic prescribing for children after a community-wide campaign SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; JUDICIOUS USE; CARE-CENTER; PHYSICIANS; IMPACT; PRESCRIPTION; INTERVENTION AB Context Overuse of antibiotics has contributed to microbial resistance, compromising the treatment of bacterial infections. Very high levels (>50%) of antibiotic resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae have been documented in Knox County, Tennessee. Objective To determine the effectiveness of a community-wide intervention aimed at reducing inappropriate antibiotic use among children. Design, Setting, and Participants The Knox County Health Department led a multifaceted year-long campaign (May 1997 through April 1998) aimed at decreasing unnecessary antibiotic use among children, Tennessee's 3 other major urban counties (Shelby, Hamilton, and Davidson) did not conduct similar campaigns and served as controls. Evaluation included white and black children (aged <15 years) enrolled in Tennessee's Medicaid Managed Care Program in the 4 study counties, representing 36% of the study counties' children (464200 person-years observed). Intervention Educational efforts were directed toward health care practitioners (primarily via peer leader presentations) and to the parents of young children and the public (primarily via printed materials). Main Outcome Measure The intervention-attributable effect on antibiotic use, defined as the excess percentage change in oral antibiotic prescription rates in Knox County between the 12-month preintervention and postintervention periods, relative to that of control counties. Results Antibiotic prescription rates declined 19% and 8% among Knox County and control county children, respectively, yielding an 11% intervention-attributable decline (95% confidence interval, 8%-14%; P < .001). The intervention-attributable decrease in prescription rates was greatest among children aged 1 to less than 5 years (among white children, 8% [P < .001]; among black children, 18% [P < .001]). Conclusions A community-wide educational intervention reduced antibiotic prescription levels among children in Knox County. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN USA. Knox Cty Hlth Dept, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Griffin, MR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, A-1124,Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU416123, UR6 CCU417579] NR 39 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 19 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 23 BP 3103 EP 3109 DI 10.1001/jama.287.23.3103 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 563NK UT WOS:000176262300025 PM 12069673 ER PT J AU Thoroughman, DA Frederickson, D Cameron, HD Shelby, LK Cheek, JE AF Thoroughman, DA Frederickson, D Cameron, HD Shelby, LK Cheek, JE TI Racial misclassification of American Indians in Oklahoma state surveillance data for sexually transmitted diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data interpretation, statistical; Indians; North American; sexually transmitted diseases ID WASHINGTON-STATE; INFANT-MORTALITY; ALASKA NATIVES; DEATH; BIRTH AB The burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is high in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. In addition, race is often misclassified in surveillance data. This study examined potential racial misclassification of American Indians in STD surveillance data in Oklahoma. Oklahoma State STD surveillance data for 1995 were matched with the Oklahoma State Indian Health Service Patient Registry to determine the number of AI/AN women who had one of three STDs but were not listed in Oklahoma surveillance data as AI/AN. Accounting for racial misclassification increased the rate of chlamydia for AI/AN women in Oklahoma by 32% (342/100,000 vs. 452/100,000) in the overall population. For gonorrhea, the rate increased by 57% (94/100,000 vs. 148/100,000) and for syphilis by 27% (15/100,000 vs. 19/100,000). Misclassified AI/AN women most often were classified as "White," and the likelihood of misclassification increased with a lower percentage of AI/AN ancestry. These findings indicate that STD rates may be underestimated for AI/AN populations nationwide. Racial misclassification in state surveillance data causes inaccuracies in characterizing the burden of infectious diseases in minorities. C1 IHS, NPABQ Epi Program, Natl Epidemiol Program, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, HIV STD Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. IHS, Oklahoma Area Off, Oklahoma City, OK USA. CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thoroughman, DA (reprint author), IHS, NPABQ Epi Program, Natl Epidemiol Program, 5300 Homestead Rd, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 12 BP 1137 EP 1141 DI 10.1093/aje/155.12.1137 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 560CV UT WOS:000176065100008 PM 12048228 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW Petersen, KM Bruden, D Parkinson, AJ Hurlburt, D Getty, M Schwartz, B Butler, JC AF Hennessy, TW Petersen, KM Bruden, D Parkinson, AJ Hurlburt, D Getty, M Schwartz, B Butler, JC TI Changes in antibiotic-prescribing practices and carriage of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: A controlled intervention trial in rural Alaska SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID JUDICIOUS USE; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; OTITIS-MEDIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; POPULATION-GENETICS; APPROPRIATE USE; ACUTE SINUSITIS; UNITED-STATES; CARE-CENTER; CHILDREN AB From 1998 to 2000, 13 rural Alaskan villages (population, 3326) were surveyed annually by nasopharyngeal cultures for Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage. Data regarding antibiotic use for the entire population was abstracted from clinic records. In 1999, education of medical providers and the community about appropriate antibiotic use began in 4 villages; this program was expanded to include all villages in 2000. Antibiotic courses per person decreased by 31% in the initial intervention villages and by 35% in the remaining villages after education (P<.01 for each). Samples were obtained for culture from a mean of 31% of the population each year; 31% carried pneumococcus. No sustained decrease in carriage of penicillin-nonsusceptible strains was observed. When linear regression was used, serotype accounted for 81% of the variance in pneumococcal minimum inhibitory concentrations after the intervention, compared with 7% for antibiotic use. This suggests that reducing the carriage of serotypes associated with antibiotic resistance by use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines may have a greater short-term impact than does decreasing antibiotic use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 39 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1543 EP 1550 AR UNSP 1058-4838/200/3412-0001 DI 10.1086/340534 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 559CC UT WOS:000176006400001 PM 12032887 ER PT J AU Morgan, J Bornstein, SL Karpati, AM Bruce, M Bolin, CA Austin, CC Woods, CW Lingappa, J Langkop, C Davis, B Graham, DR Proctor, M Ashford, DA Bajani, M Bragg, SL Shutt, K Perkins, BA Tappero, JW AF Morgan, J Bornstein, SL Karpati, AM Bruce, M Bolin, CA Austin, CC Woods, CW Lingappa, J Langkop, C Davis, B Graham, DR Proctor, M Ashford, DA Bajani, M Bragg, SL Shutt, K Perkins, BA Tappero, JW CA Leptospirosis Working Grp TI Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants and community residents in Springfield, Illinois, 1998 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; NICARAGUA; EPIDEMIC; TRIAL; PCR AB We investigated an outbreak of leptospirosis among athletes and community residents after a triathlon was held in Springfield, Illinois. A telephone survey was conducted to collect clinical information and data on possible risk factors, community surveillance was established, and animal specimens and lake water samples were collected to determine the source of the leptospiral contamination. A total of 834 of 876 triathletes were contacted; 98 (12%) reported being ill. Serum samples obtained from 474 athletes were tested; 52 of these samples (11%) tested positive for leptospirosis. Fourteen (6%) of 248 symptomatic community residents tested positive for leptospirosis. Heavy rains that preceded the triathlon are likely to have increased leptospiral contamination of Lake Springfield. Among athletes, ingestion of 1 or more swallows of lake water was a predominant risk factor for illness. This is the largest outbreak of leptospirosis that has been reported in the United States. Health care providers and occupational and recreational users of bodies of freshwater in the United States should be aware of the risk of contracting leptospirosis, particularly after heavy rains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Springfield Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Morgan, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 27 TC 113 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1593 EP 1599 DI 10.1086/340615 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 559CC UT WOS:000176006400008 PM 12032894 ER PT J AU Lockhart, PB Brennan, MT Fox, PC Norton, HJ Jernigan, DB Strausbaugh, LJ AF Lockhart, PB Brennan, MT Fox, PC Norton, HJ Jernigan, DB Strausbaugh, LJ CA Infect Dis Soc Amer Emerging Infec TI Decision-making on the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis for dental procedures: A survey of infectious disease consultants and review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; BACTERIAL-ENDOCARDITIS; PENICILLIN PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; UNITED-STATES; BACTEREMIA; PREVENTION; RECOMMENDATIONS; RISK AB There is debate concerning use of antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures for patients at risk of acquiring distant site infection (DSI). We determined the opinions and practices of infectious disease consultants (IDCs) regarding antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent DSIs that result from invasive dental procedures by conducting a survey of the 797 members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network (477 members [60%] responded). Ninety percent of respondents closely follow the American Heart Association guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with valvular heart disease who undergo invasive dental procedures. In contrast, few IDCs recommend prophylaxis for patients with lupus erythematosus, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, dialysis catheters or shunts, cardiac pacemakers, or ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Twenty-five percent to forty percent of respondents recommended prophylaxis for prosthetic vascular grafts, orthopedic implants, or chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. We conclude that IDCs differ considerably in their assessment of the need for prophylaxis for patients who have noncardiac risk factors for DSI. These differences underscore the need for definitive studies to delineate appropriate candidates for antimicrobial prophylaxis in dental practice. C1 Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Oral Med, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Lockhart, PB (reprint author), Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Oral Med, POB 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 59 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1621 EP 1626 DI 10.1086/340619 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 559CC UT WOS:000176006400012 PM 12032898 ER PT J AU Liddell, AM Summer, JW Paddock, CD Rikihisa, Y Unver, A Buller, RS Storch, GA AF Liddell, AM Summer, JW Paddock, CD Rikihisa, Y Unver, A Buller, RS Storch, GA TI Reinfection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis in a liver transplant recipient SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID AGENT; CANIS; INFECTION; EWINGII; DOGS AB Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infection caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, but reinfection with this agent has not been described. We report a case of reinfection with E. chaffeensis after a 2-year interval in a 56-year-old liver transplant recipient with frequent tick attachments. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Storch, GA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Box 8116,1 Childrens Pl, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI40934] NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1644 EP 1647 DI 10.1086/340523 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 559CC UT WOS:000176006400016 PM 12032902 ER PT J AU Kelly, DJ Richards, AL Temenak, J Strickman, D Dasch, GA AF Kelly, DJ Richards, AL Temenak, J Strickman, D Dasch, GA TI The past and present threat of rickettsial diseases to military medicine and international public health SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; OPERATION-DESERT-SHIELD; TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS; SCRUB-TYPHUS; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; EPIDEMIC TYPHUS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS; MURINE TYPHUS AB Morbidity and mortality caused by rickettsioses have had a major influence on military activities and public health for >2000 years. The threat posed by the rickettsioses is reviewed, focusing on the impact and epidemiology of those that have adversely influenced wartime operations and the current challenges posed by these diseases. With their uneven worldwide distribution, the discovery of drug-refractory strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the increased threat of their use in acts of bioterrorism, frequent deployment of troops to regions of endemicity, and exposures due to increased humanitarian missions, these diseases continue to be a threat to military personnel in the field. Effective strategies to reduce the impact of these diseases include development of effective vaccines, enhanced surveillance, and development of new safe, effective, and odorless repellants. The continuation of a proven, highly productive military infectious disease research program is essential for providing solutions to these daunting tasks. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kelly, DJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, 484 W 12Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 204 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 34 SU 4 BP S145 EP S169 DI 10.1086/339908 PG 25 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 566PT UT WOS:000176438000001 PM 12016590 ER PT J AU Hader, SL Hodge, TW Buchacz, KA Bray, RA Padian, NS Rausa, A Slaviniski, SA Holmberg, SD AF Hader, SL Hodge, TW Buchacz, KA Bray, RA Padian, NS Rausa, A Slaviniski, SA Holmberg, SD TI Discordance at human leukocyte antigen-DRB3 and protection from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIDS Vaccine 2001 Conference CY SEP 05-08, 2001 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA ID HLA-DR; INFECTION; HIV-1; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; DISEASE AB Host human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) integrated into the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope could theoretically determine, as in tissue transplants, whether HIV-1 is "rejected" by exposed susceptible persons, preventing transmission. HLA discordance (mismatch) was examined among 45 heterosexual partner pairs in which at least 1 partner was HIV-1 infected and exposure or transmission between partners had occurred. Immunologic discordance at class II HLA-DRB3 (present in the HIV donor partner but absent in the recipient partner) was associated with lack of transmission of HIV-1. Eight (35%) of 23 partner pairs in which HIV-1 transmission did not occur were immunologically discordant at HLA-DRB3, compared with 0 of 11 partner pairs in which HIV-1 transmission did occur (P = .027). Further investigation of the roles of class II HLAs in HIV-1 transmission and as possible components of HIV-1 vaccines should be pursued. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. RP Hader, SL (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-45,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 12 BP 1729 EP 1735 DI 10.1086/340648 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 558AA UT WOS:000175940800006 PM 12085318 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Bern, C Arrowood, M Sulaiman, I Zhou, L Kawai, V Vivar, A Lal, AA Gilman, RH AF Xiao, LH Bern, C Arrowood, M Sulaiman, I Zhou, L Kawai, V Vivar, A Lal, AA Gilman, RH TI Identification of the Cryptosporidium pig genotype in a human patient SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HUMAN FECES C1 CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Asociac Benefica Proyectos Informat Salud Med & A, Lima, Peru. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 11 TC 62 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 12 BP 1846 EP 1848 DI 10.1086/340841 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 558AA UT WOS:000175940800029 PM 12085341 ER PT J AU Tuomala, RE Shapiro, DE Mofenson, LM Bryson, Y Culnane, M Hughes, MD O'Sullivan, MJ Scott, G Stek, AM Wara, D Bulterys, M AF Tuomala, RE Shapiro, DE Mofenson, LM Bryson, Y Culnane, M Hughes, MD O'Sullivan, MJ Scott, G Stek, AM Wara, D Bulterys, M TI Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and the risk of an adverse outcome SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; HIV; ZIDOVUDINE; PREVENTION; TRENDS; IMPACT; BIRTH AB Background: Some studies suggest that combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection increases the risk of premature birth and other adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Methods: We studied pregnant women with HIV-1 infection who were enrolled in seven clinical studies and delivered their infants from 1990 through 1998. The cohort comprised 2123 women who received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy (monotherapy in 1590, combination therapy without protease inhibitors in 396, and combination therapy with protease inhibitors in 137) and 1143 women who did not receive antiretroviral therapy. Results: After standardization for the CD4+ cell count and use or nonuse of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs, the rate of premature delivery (<37 weeks of gestation) was similar among the women who received antiretroviral therapy and those who did not (16 percent and 17 percent, respectively); the rate of low birth weight (<2500 g) was 16 percent among the infants born to both groups; and the rate of very low birth weight (<1500 g) was 2 percent for the group that received antiretroviral therapy and 1 percent for the group that did not. The rates of low Apgar scores (<7) and stillbirth were also similar or the same in the two groups. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, combination antiretroviral therapy was not associated with an increased risk of premature delivery as compared with monotherapy (odds ratio, 1.08; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 1.62) or delivery of an infant with low birth weight (odds ratio, 1.03; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.64 to 1.63). Seven of the women who received combination therapy with protease inhibitors (5 percent) had infants with very low birth weight, as compared with nine women who received combination therapy without protease inhibitors (2 percent) (adjusted odds ratio, 3.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04 to 12.19). Conclusions: As compared with no antiretroviral therapy or monotherapy, combination therapy for HIV-1 infection in pregnant women is not associated with increased rates of premature delivery or with low birth weight, low Apgar scores, or stillbirth in their infants. The association between combination therapy with protease inhibitors and an increased risk of very low birth weight requires confirmation. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Pediat AIDS Clin Trials Grp Study 076, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Stat & Data Management Ctr, Pediat AIDS Clin Trials Grp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Women & Infants Transmiss Study, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Pediat AIDS Clin Trials Grp Study 185, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Maternal Infant HIV Transmiss Study, Los Angeles, CA USA. NIAID, Pediat Med Branch, Div AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Pediat AIDS Clin Trials Grp Study 076, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Infants HIV Seropost Mothers Study 1, Miami, FL USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles Cty Perinatal Transmiss Study, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Bay Area Pediat AIDS Consortium, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tuomala, RE (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-43]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34842, AI-27541, AI-27550, AI-27560, AI-34840, AI-34841, AI-34858, AI-41110]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-2-5714, HD-33162, HD-36117, HD-82913, R01 HD 30629]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-15054]; PHS HHS [M015501271, R01 A123524] NR 28 TC 221 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 13 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 24 BP 1863 EP 1870 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa991159 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 561NA UT WOS:000176146100004 PM 12063370 ER PT J AU Duerr, A Beck-Sague, C Carlton-Tohill, B AF Duerr, A Beck-Sague, C Carlton-Tohill, B TI Nonoxynol-9 spermicide contraception use - United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 289-392, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Alan Guttmacher Inst, New York, NY 10005 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Populat Affairs, Bethesda, MD USA. CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STDS & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Duerr, A (reprint author), Alan Guttmacher Inst, 120 Wall St, New York, NY 10005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 12 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 22 BP 2938 EP 2939 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 561EY UT WOS:000176128300013 ER PT J AU Simoes, E Phillips, P Maley, R Kreiss, K Malone, J Kanwal, R AF Simoes, E Phillips, P Maley, R Kreiss, K Malone, J Kanwal, R TI Fixed obstructive lung disease in workers at a microwave popcorn factory - Missouri 2000-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 345-347, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Simoes, E (reprint author), Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 12 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 22 BP 2939 EP 2940 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 561EY UT WOS:000176128300014 ER PT J AU Reichler, M Taylor, Z Castro, KG AF Reichler, M Taylor, Z Castro, KG TI Factors in tuberculosis contact investigations SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Field Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reichler, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 12 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 22 BP 2944 EP 2944 DI 10.1001/jama.287.22.2944 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 561EY UT WOS:000176128300019 PM 12052120 ER PT J AU Pless, R Hibbs, B AF Pless, R Hibbs, B TI Chiropractic students' attitudes about vaccination: A cause for concern? SO CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pless, R (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, MS E61-1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PI OTTAWA PA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 0820-3946 J9 CAN MED ASSOC J JI Can. Med. Assoc. J. PD JUN 11 PY 2002 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1544 EP 1545 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 560NK UT WOS:000176088000020 PM 12074123 ER PT J AU Hughes, GJ Mioulet, V Kitching, RP Woolhouse, MEJ Alexandersen, S Donaldson, AI AF Hughes, GJ Mioulet, V Kitching, RP Woolhouse, MEJ Alexandersen, S Donaldson, AI TI Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of sheep: implications for diagnosis and control SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PCR ASSAY; RT-PCR; FMD; EPIDEMICS; CATTLE; PIGS C1 Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Hughes, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G33, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Alexandersen, Soren/0000-0002-5039-3178 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JUN 8 PY 2002 VL 150 IS 23 BP 724 EP 727 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 565WG UT WOS:000176392000009 PM 12081308 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SM Valdez, R Vinicor, F AF Benjamin, SM Valdez, R Vinicor, F TI Diabetes prevention. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benjamin, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 6 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 23 BP 1830 EP 1830 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 559EK UT WOS:000176012500024 ER PT J AU Shchelkunov, SN Totmenin, AV Safronov, PF Mikheev, MV Gutorov, VV Ryazankina, OI Petrov, NA Babkin, IV Uvarova, EA Sandakhchiev, LS Sisler, JR Esposito, JJ Damon, IK Jahrling, PB Moss, B AF Shchelkunov, SN Totmenin, AV Safronov, PF Mikheev, MV Gutorov, VV Ryazankina, OI Petrov, NA Babkin, IV Uvarova, EA Sandakhchiev, LS Sisler, JR Esposito, JJ Damon, IK Jahrling, PB Moss, B TI Analysis of the monkeypox virus genome SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS; INVERTED TERMINAL REPETITION; EARLY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; TRIPHOSPHATE PHOSPHOHYDROLASE-I; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; COMPLEMENT CONTROL PROTEINS; ACTIN-CONTAINING MICROVILLI AB Monkeypox virus (MPV) belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus of the family Poxviridae, is endemic in parts of Africa, and causes a human disease that resembles smallpox. The 196,858-by MPV genome was analyzed with regard to structural features and open reading frames. Each end of the genome contains an identical but oppositely oriented 6379-bp terminal inverted repetition, which similar to that of other orthopoxviruses, includes a putative telomere resolution sequence and short tandem repeats. Computer-assisted analysis was used to identify 190 open reading frames containing greater than or equal to60 amino acid residues. Of these, four were present within the inverted terminal repetition. MPV contained the known essential orthopoxvirus genes but only a subset of the putative immunomodulatory and host range genes. Sequence comparisons confirmed the assignment of MPV as a distinct species of orthopoxvirus that is not a direct ancestor or a direct descendent of variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. C1 State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Russia. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Moss, B (reprint author), State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Russia. RI Sandakhchiev, Lev/B-7035-2012; Babkin, Igor/R-1598-2016 NR 224 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 2 BP 172 EP 194 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1446 PG 23 WC Virology SC Virology GA 573HG UT WOS:000176822800002 PM 12083817 ER PT J AU Owens, MU Swords, WE Schmidt, MG King, CH Quinn, FD AF Owens, MU Swords, WE Schmidt, MG King, CH Quinn, FD TI Cloning, expression, and functional characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis secA gene SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sec-A; Bacterial secretion; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ID RNA HELICASE ACTIVITY; DISTINCT ATP-BINDING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN EXPORT; CHROMOPHYTIC ALGA; TRANSLOCATION; SEQUENCE; HYDROPHOBICITY; TRANSLATION; MEMBRANE AB To better understand the protein secretion mechanisms involved in the growth and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we examined the secA gene from M. tuberculosis (tbsecA; cosmid sequence accession No. z95121.gb_ba). We generated plasmids containing the full-length tbsecA gene or a fusion containing the 5' sequence from the M. tuberculosis secA gene and the remainder from the Escherichia coli secA gene and evaluated the ability of each construct to complement the defective SecA protein in E. coli MM52ts when grown at the non-permissive temperature. The full-length tbsecA gene was unable to compensate for the temperature-sensitive defect, whereas E. coli MM52ts that has been transformed with plasmid pMF8TB226 containing a chimeric secA gene was able to grow at 42degreesC. This work confirms that the topography of SecA and its ATP binding sites are highly conserved, whereas its membrane insertion domains are species specific. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Bldg 17,Room 4209,Mailstop FO8, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2002 VL 211 IS 2 BP 133 EP 141 AR PII S0378-1097(02)00708-5 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11215.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 566VH UT WOS:000176448600003 PM 12076803 ER PT J AU Holtgrave, DR Gilliam, A Gentry, D Sy, FS AF Holtgrave, DR Gilliam, A Gentry, D Sy, FS TI Evaluating HIV prevention efforts to reduce new infections and ensure accountability SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Holtgrave, DR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ctr AIDS Res, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 540, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.1.23880 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500001 PM 12092928 ER PT J AU Gilliam, A Davis, D Barrington, T Lacson, R Uhl, G Phoenix, U AF Gilliam, A Davis, D Barrington, T Lacson, R Uhl, G Phoenix, U TI The value of engaging stakeholders in planning and implementing evaluations SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AIDS-PREVENTION PROGRAM; HIV PREVENTION; PARTICIPATION; STATE AB Stakeholder participation in evaluation has surfaced as a major factor contributing to the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs. In recognition of the multiple benefits, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has used a framework to involve stakeholders in the evaluation of its programs. This article describes the framework used by the CDC and provides examples of four studies that involved various stakeholders from health departments, community-based organizations, and community planning groups to national and regional organizations in designing and implementing evaluations that yielded results useful for program improvement. The participatory process involved stakeholders in each of the four phases of the framework: evaluation planning, implementation, development of action plans, and dissemination. Lessons learned include the importance of having a facilitator to coordinate activities and ongoing communication with those involved in the evaluation. Stakeholders shared that using the evaluation results for action planning was beneficial for improving their programs. Despite many challenges faced in the stakeholder evaluation process, most stakeholders agreed that many benefits grew out of the multiple perspectives presented and understanding of the service agencies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gilliam, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.5.23878 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500002 PM 12092937 ER PT J AU Chen, HT AF Chen, HT TI Designing and conducting participatory outcome evaluation of community-based organizations' HIV prevention programs SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB With the increasing emphasis on evaluating the effectiveness of community-based organizations' HIV prevention programs, the needs, concerns and strategies related to having stakeholders participate in designing and conducting an outcome evaluation need to be discussed. Stakeholders' participation in out-come evaluation ensures its relevancy and fairness. Participatory outcome evaluation starts with assessing the feasibility of conducting an outcome evaluation and determining whether stakeholders have a need for an outcome evaluation. If an outcome evaluation is possible and needed, the areas in which stakeholders can make important contributions to the evaluation are negotiaited with the stakeholders. The article also discusses strategies to improve stakeholders' use of the results of outcome evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Div HIB AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Div HIB AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.18.23879 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500003 PM 12092933 ER PT J AU Chillag, K Bartholow, K Cordeiro, J Swanson, S Patterson, J Stebbins, S Woodside, C Sy, F AF Chillag, K Bartholow, K Cordeiro, J Swanson, S Patterson, J Stebbins, S Woodside, C Sy, F TI Factors affecting the delivery of HIV/AIDS prevention programs by community-based organizations SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; INTERVENTIONS; EPIDEMIC; WOMEN AB Community based organizations (CBOs) play a frontline role in HIV/AIDS prevention activities. CBOs face formidable challenges to effective delivery of HIV prevention services including client characteristics such as homelessness and CBO characteristics such as limited resources and staff turnover. Despite these obstacles, CBOs are generally well positioned to deliver services to specific high-risk populations because they understand their local communities and are connected to the groups they serve. [C1]This qualitative study illustrates that structural, sociocultural, organizational, and individual client factors both facilitate and act as barriers to delivery of HIV prevention services. These challenges and successes help identify critical technical assistance needs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif, Off President, Oakland, CA USA. TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Conwal Inc, Mclean, VA USA. RP Chillag, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Cordeiro, Janna/0000-0001-7876-0219 FU PHS HHS [200-97-0609] NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.27.23886 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500004 PM 12092934 ER PT J AU Napp, D Gibbs, D Jolly, D Westover, B Uhl, G AF Napp, D Gibbs, D Jolly, D Westover, B Uhl, G TI Evaluation barriers and facilitators among community-based HIV prevention programs SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Funding agencies are using technical assistance to promote evaluation of their community-based HIV prevention programs. Using qualitative methods, we identified 11 factors that binder and facilitate evaluation within community-based organizations (CBOs): staff perceptions, availability of funding, data collection, data validity, data utility technical assistance, effects on services, effects on funding, staff skills, tools and technology, and expectations of the funding agency. Using these factors, we developed eight strategies to promote CBO evaluation. These strategies go beyond the traditional role of technical assistance and address the broader context within which CBOs evaluate their programs. Funding agencies and technical assistance providers can use these strategies to enhance CBO evaluation, which may result in more and better quality evaluations and, ultimately, improvements in the effectiveness of HIV prevention services. C1 Pract Applicat Publ Hlth, Durham, NC 27701 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Hlth Educ, Durham, NC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Napp, D (reprint author), Pract Applicat Publ Hlth, 1309 Glendale Ave, Durham, NC 27701 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-96-0511] NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.38.23884 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500005 PM 12092935 ER PT J AU Glassman, M Lacson, R Collins, B Hill, C Wan, C AF Glassman, M Lacson, R Collins, B Hill, C Wan, C TI Lessons learned from the first year of implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's standardized evaluation system for HIV prevention programs SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB In December 1999 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention initiated a standardized evaluation system for CDC-funded health department HIV prevention programs. This health department evaluation guidance asks health departments to develop comprehensive evaluation plans and to submit aggregated data on such activities as intervention planning, process monitoring, and outcome evaluation. During the first year of this system, of 65 health departments, 62 submitted evaluation plans, 37 submitted intervention plan data, and 20 submitted process monitoring data. Major issues affecting implementation of a national evaluation system include varying levels of evaluation capacity among health departments, differences between the CDC's taxonomy for national data collection and local definitions, and limitations regarding use of 1st-year data. The CDC has learned that implementation of a standardized evaluation system takes considerable time and that stakeholder involvement and technical assistance and capacity building support are essential. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. TRW Co Inc, CDC Informat Syst Support Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glassman, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-59, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.49.23877 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500006 PM 12092936 ER PT J AU Rosser, BRS Bockting, WO Rugg, DL Robinson, BBE Ross, MW Bauer, GR Coleman, E AF Rosser, BRS Bockting, WO Rugg, DL Robinson, BBE Ross, MW Bauer, GR Coleman, E TI A Randomized controlled intervention trial of a sexual health approach to long-term HIV risk reduction for men who have sex with men: Effects of the intervention on unsafe sexual behavior SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION AB This controlled prospective study assessed the effectiveness of a sexual health approach to HIV Prevention for men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants (N = 422 Midwestern MSM) were randomly assigned to the intervention group, who participated in a 2-day comprehensive human sexuality seminar designed to contextually address long-term risk factors and cofactors, or to the control group, who watched 3 hours of HIV prevention videos. Risk behavior during the preceding 3 months was measured at baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Any unprotected anal intercourse outside a long-term seroconcordant relationship was the dependent variable. Of the total, 14%-24% of the participants were considered at risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. At the 12-month follow-up, the control reported a 29% decrease in the use of condoms during anal intercourse; the intervention group reported an 8% increase (t = 2.546; p = .015). The sexual health seminars appear a promising new intervention at significantly reducing unprotected anal intercourse between men. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Family Practice & Community Hlth, Ctr HIV STI Intervent & Prevent Studies,Program H, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV STD Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, WHO Ctr Hlth Promot Res & Dev, Houston, TX USA. RP Rosser, BRS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Family Practice & Community Hlth, Ctr HIV STI Intervent & Prevent Studies,Program H, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 180, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62-CCU513272] NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.59.23885 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500007 PM 12092938 ER PT J AU Robinson, BBE Uhl, G Miner, M Bockting, WO Scheltema, KE Rosser, BRS Westover, B AF Robinson, BBE Uhl, G Miner, M Bockting, WO Scheltema, KE Rosser, BRS Westover, B TI Evaluation of a sexual health approach to prevent HIV among low income, urban, primarily African American women: Results of a randomized controlled trial SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIOR; AIDS; INTERVENTION; CONSEQUENCES; EDUCATION; EFFICACY AB This randomized controlled trial evaluated an innovative culturally specific sexual health intervention-targeting, but not limited to, low-income African American women-in which HIV and sexually transmitted disease prevention strategies were combined with comprehensive sexuality education. The intervention was delivered and evaluated in community-based settings to 218 participants randomly assigned to treatment or a no-treatment control group. Participants were interviewed at pretest and 3 and 9 months after the intervention to assess changes in both sexuality and HIV risk variables. The intervention was effective in improving sexual anatomy knowledge at both 3- and 9-month follow-up For a subset of women engaging in unprotected sex at pretest the intervention group reported an increase in positive attitudes toward the female condom at 9-month follow-up. Reasons for the weak treatment effect are discussed in the context of challenges inherent in conducting community-based research with high-risk populations and sensitive topics. Recommendations provided for improving sample attrition, statistical power, and response bias and for altering the intervention so as to strengthen its impact. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Program Human Sexual, Dept Family Practice & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Robinson, BBE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Program Human Sexual, Dept Family Practice & Community Hlth, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 180, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM brobinsn@famprac.umn.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU513219-01] NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.81.23876 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500009 PM 12092940 ER PT J AU Davis, D Uhl, G Barrington, T Rowel, R Squiers, L Sharp, K O'Brien, G AF Davis, D Uhl, G Barrington, T Rowel, R Squiers, L Sharp, K O'Brien, G TI Gaps in technology transfer materials for HIV prevention program evaluation SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Davis, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-07,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 119 EP 119 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.119.23888 PG 1 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500012 PM 12092930 ER PT J AU Davis, XM Wan, CK Ross, L Wen, XJ Thomas, B AF Davis, XM Wan, CK Ross, L Wen, XJ Thomas, B TI A data warehouse concept for HIV prevention program evaluation SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID DATABASES; HEALTH; QUALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. TRW Co Inc, CDC Informat Syst Support Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, XM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mail Stop E-59, Atlanta, GA USA. OI Ross, Levi/0000-0002-3833-0836 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 120 EP 122 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500013 PM 12092931 ER PT J AU Gentry, D Gilliam, A Holtgrave, DR Sy, F AF Gentry, D Gilliam, A Holtgrave, DR Sy, F TI HIV prevention evaluation: Current contributions and future directions SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB The articles in this special issue of AIDS Education and Prevention make significant contributions to the field of HIV prevention evaluation. Their salient and common themes fit well into the major types of evaluation-formative, process, outcome, impact, and economic-as do the important policy questions put forward at the beginning of this issue. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Management & Policy, Ctr HIV STD Policy Studies, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Gentry, D (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Management & Policy, Ctr HIV STD Policy Studies, 3545 Lafayette Ave,Suite 300, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 SU A BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.4.123.23887 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566PL UT WOS:000176437500014 PM 12092932 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RA Manopaiboon, C Samuel, AP Jeeyapant, S Carey, JW Kilmarx, PH Uthaivoravit, W van Griensven, F AF Jenkins, RA Manopaiboon, C Samuel, AP Jeeyapant, S Carey, JW Kilmarx, PH Uthaivoravit, W van Griensven, F TI Condom use among vocational school students in Chiang Rai, Thailand SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS; NORTHERN THAILAND; YOUNG MEN; HIV-INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; EPIDEMIC; PROGRAM; RISK AB Condom use and its psychosocial correlates were investigated in a sample of 1,725 male and female vocational students (aged 15-21 years) in northern Thailand. Consistent condom use was relatively infrequent with all partner types (8.0% with recent steady partners, 28.5% with casual partners, and 30.7% with commercial sex partners), and only 24.3% reported condom use at first sex. These findings suggest that condom use, even with commercial partners, is not becoming widely established in the younger generation of Thai youths. Condom use with commercial partners was far below goals established by Thailand's 100% Condom Campaign, which was particularly significant for a population in Thailand's HIV epicenter. Consistent condom use with a steady partner was significantly related to condom use during first sex, which suggests the importance of establishing a "condom habit." Consistent condom use With casual partners was related to never having been pregnant (self or partner). Having used condoms at first sex also was associated with never having been pregnant (self or partner), as well as with a number of background social and psychological factors. Intentions to use condom were highly related to peer norms. Results suggest the importance of addressing peer norms concerning condom use, as well as the role of condoms in effective birth control. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Publ Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Manopaiboon, C (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 228 EP 245 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.3.228.23894 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 564WV UT WOS:000176337300006 PM 12092925 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM Pietrobelli, A Goulding, A Goran, MI Dietz, WH AF Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM Pietrobelli, A Goulding, A Goran, MI Dietz, WH TI Validity of body mass index compared with other body-corn position screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness in children and adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; body mass index; Rohrer index; weight-for-height; skinfold; anthropometry; receiver operating characteristic curve; sensitivity; specificity; children ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; SKINFOLD MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-CALIBRATION; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; CARCASS ANALYSIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; FAT; WEIGHT AB Background: Validation studies of height- and weight-based indexes of body fatness in children and adolescents have examined only small samples of school-age children. Objective: The objective was to validate the performance of age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) compared with the Rohrer index (RI) and weight-for-height in screening for both underweight and overweight in children aged 2-19 y. Design: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 11096) and a pooled data set from 3 studies that used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (n = 920) were examined. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of these 3 indexes in classifying both underweight and overweight. Percentage body fat and total fat mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subcutaneous fat was assessed on the basis of the average of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Results: For children aged 2-19 y, BMI-for-age was significantly better than were weight-for-height and RI-for-age in detecting overweight when average skinfold thicknesses were used as the standard, but no differences were found in detecting underweight. When percentage body fat or total fat mass was used as the standard, BMI-for-age was significantly better than was RI-for-age in detecting overweight in children aged 3-19 y. No differences were found between BMI-for-age and weight-for-height in detecting overweight or underweight. Conclusion: For children and adolescents aged 2-19 y, the performance of BMI-for-age is better than that of RI-for-age in predicting under-weight and over-weight but is similar to that of weight-for-height. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Verona, Inst Pediat, I-37100 Verona, Italy. Univ Otago, Dept Med, Dunedin, New Zealand. Univ Alabama, Dept Nutr Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 55 TC 360 Z9 376 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 75 IS 6 BP 978 EP 985 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 555FH UT WOS:000175783200004 PM 12036802 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Valdez, R AF Kahn, HS Valdez, R TI Fatty acid composition of abdominal adipose tissue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID GALLBLADDER-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SERUM-INSULIN; DIETARY-FAT C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4700 Buford Highway NE MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1123 EP 1123 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 555FH UT WOS:000175783200027 PM 12036825 ER PT J AU Vogt, TM Mayne, ST Graubard, BI Swanson, CA Sowell, AL Schoenberg, JB Swanson, GM Greenberg, RS Hoover, RN Hayes, RB Ziegler, RG AF Vogt, TM Mayne, ST Graubard, BI Swanson, CA Sowell, AL Schoenberg, JB Swanson, GM Greenberg, RS Hoover, RN Hayes, RB Ziegler, RG TI Serum lycopene, other serum carotenoids, and risk of prostate cancer in US blacks and whites SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blacks; carotenoids; case-control studies; nutrition; prostatic neoplasms ID PLASMA LYCOPENE; UNITED-STATES; FRUIT CONSUMPTION; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOL; HUMANS; DIET; BIOMARKERS; VEGETABLES; JAPANESE AB Epidemiologic studies investigating the relation between individual carotenoids and risk of prostate cancer have produced inconsistent results. To further explore these associations and to search for reasons prostate cancer incidence is over 50% higher in US Blacks than Whites, the authors analyzed the serum levels of individual carotenoids in 209 cases and 228 controls in a US multicenter, population-based case-control study (1986-1989) that included comparable numbers of Black men and White men aged 40-79 years. Lycopene was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (comparing highest with lowest quartiles, odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36, 1.15; test for trend, p = 0.09), particularly for aggressive disease (comparing extreme quartiles, OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.94; test for trend, p = 0.04). Other carotenoids were positively associated with risk. For all carotenoids, patterns were similar for Blacks and Whites. However, in both the controls and the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, serum lycopene concentrations were significantly lower in Blacks than in Whites, raising the possibility that differences in lycopene exposure may contribute to the racial disparity in incidence. In conclusion, the results, though not statistically significant, suggest that serum lycopene is inversely related to prostate cancer risk in US Blacks and Whites. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Canc Epidemiol Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Vogt, TM (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,Suite 320, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-05225, N01-CN-05227, N01-CN-31022, N01-CP-51087, N01-CP-51089, N01-CP-5109, N01-CP-51092] NR 50 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 BP 1023 EP 1032 DI 10.1093/aje/155.11.1023 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 557MY UT WOS:000175913400006 PM 12034581 ER PT J AU Erwin, PC Jones, TF Gerhardt, RR Halford, SK Smith, AB Patterson, LER Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Nasci, RS Schaffner, W AF Erwin, PC Jones, TF Gerhardt, RR Halford, SK Smith, AB Patterson, LER Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Nasci, RS Schaffner, W TI La Crosse encephalitis in eastern Tennessee: Clinical, environmental, and entomological characteristics from a blinded cohort study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes; arbovirus infections; arboviruses; central nervous system infections; immunologic surveillance; virus diseases ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS; UNITED-STATES; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; TRANSMISSION; TRISERIATUS; CULICIDAE; CHILDREN; VECTOR AB A blinded cohort study was conducted in 2000 to better understand the emergence of La Crosse virus infection in eastern Tennessee, with special emphasis on the potential mosquito vector(s). Children with suspected central nervous system infection were enrolled at the time of clinical presentation at a large pediatric referral hospital. Clinical, environmental, and entomological data were collected prior to case confirmation. Sixteen of the 40 children included in the final analysis were confirmed to have La Crosse infection by a fourfold increase in antibody titers between collection of acute- and convalescent-phase sera. Factors significantly associated with La Crosse infection included average number of hours per day spent outdoors (5.9 for La Crosse virus cases vs. 4.0 for noncases, p = 0.049); living in a residence with one or more tree holes within 100 m (relative risk = 3.96 vs. no tree holes within 100 m, p = 0.028); and total burden of Aedes albopictus (number of female and male larvae and adults collected at a site), which was more than three times greater around the residences of La Crosse virus cases versus noncases (p = 0.013). Evidence is accumulating that the newly introduced mosquito species Ae. albopictus may be involved in the emergence of La Crosse virus infection in eastern Tennessee. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, E Tennessee Reg Off, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. E Tennessee Childrens Hosp, Knoxville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Erwin, PC (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, E Tennessee Reg Off, 1522 Cherokee Trail, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 BP 1060 EP 1065 DI 10.1093/aje/155.11.1060 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 557MY UT WOS:000175913400010 PM 12034585 ER PT J AU Coughlin, S Calle, E Teras, L Petrelli, J Thun, M AF Coughlin, S Calle, E Teras, L Petrelli, J Thun, M TI Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of United States adults. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 033 BP s9 EP s9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500034 ER PT J AU Dong, M Anda, R Dube, S Felitti, V Giles, W AF Dong, M Anda, R Dube, S Felitti, V Giles, W TI Adverse childhood experiences, risk behaviors and liver disease. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 010 BP s3 EP s3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500012 ER PT J AU Feldman, DM Edelman, P Baron, S Mueller, C Bernard, B Lushniak, BD Kelly, KJ Prezant, DJ AF Feldman, DM Edelman, P Baron, S Mueller, C Bernard, B Lushniak, BD Kelly, KJ Prezant, DJ TI Health effects, respirator use and biomonitoring results among New York City firefighters responding to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster - September, 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA L6 BP s107 EP s107 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500420 ER PT J AU Ford, E Giles, W AF Ford, E Giles, W TI A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two different definitions. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 095 BP s24 EP s24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500093 ER PT J AU Ford, E AF Ford, E TI C-reactive protein and the metabolic syndrome. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 096 BP s24 EP s24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500095 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH Ackelsberg, J Kool, J Matte, T Rosselli, R Thomas, P Kornblum, J Marfin, T Dennis, D Hewett, D Harney, J McCleery, R Andre, M Whitehead, S Zhou, W Sharpe, T Ballesteros, M Malakmadze, N McMahon, S Menon, M Van Beneden, C Feikin, D Layton, M AF Holtz, TH Ackelsberg, J Kool, J Matte, T Rosselli, R Thomas, P Kornblum, J Marfin, T Dennis, D Hewett, D Harney, J McCleery, R Andre, M Whitehead, S Zhou, W Sharpe, T Ballesteros, M Malakmadze, N McMahon, S Menon, M Van Beneden, C Feikin, D Layton, M TI Inhalational anthrax C New York City, October-November 2001. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA L8 BP s108 EP s108 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500423 ER PT J AU Honein, M Moore, C Watkins, M AF Honein, M Moore, C Watkins, M TI Interaction between subfertility and overweight/obesity in the etiology of congenital renal anomalies. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 020 BP s5 EP s5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500021 ER PT J AU Honein, M Rasmussen, S Daniel, KL Botto, L AF Honein, M Rasmussen, S Daniel, KL Botto, L TI Stressful life events and birth defects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 019 BP s5 EP s5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500019 ER PT J AU Keshavarz, H Simoes, EJ Schumacher, P Green, T AF Keshavarz, H Simoes, EJ Schumacher, P Green, T TI Relationships between overweight/obesity and stages of change toward achieving a low fat diet - Missouri, 1999. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, EPO, DPHSI, ASB, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 237 BP s60 EP s60 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500233 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Jones, DA AF Kruger, J Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Jones, DA TI Attempting to lose weight: Weight loss practices among US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 236 BP s59 EP s59 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500232 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Brown, DR AF Kruger, J Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Brown, DR TI Are older adults being asked to increase their physical activity? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 004 BP s1 EP s1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500005 ER PT J AU Kung, HC Pearson, JL Wei, R AF Kung, HC Pearson, JL Wei, R TI Race, marijuana use and mental health services utilization in suicide victims ages 15-64. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 357 BP s90 EP s90 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500352 ER PT J AU Li, R Fridinger, F Grummer-Strawn, L AF Li, R Fridinger, F Grummer-Strawn, L TI Racial disparities on public perceptions about breastfeeding: The 1999-2000 National Healthstyles survey. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 233 BP s59 EP s59 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500229 ER PT J AU Lin, BK Clyne, M Tonkin, J Khoury, M AF Lin, BK Clyne, M Tonkin, J Khoury, M TI Tracking the epidemiology of human genes in the published literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 271 BP s68 EP s68 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500266 ER PT J AU Liu, JM Ren, AG Bertrand, J Gindler, J Li, Z Berry, RJ Wang, H Correa, A Liu, P Wong, LY AF Liu, JM Ren, AG Bertrand, J Gindler, J Li, Z Berry, RJ Wang, H Correa, A Liu, P Wong, LY TI Folic acid use during pregnancy and children's cognitive ability-SINO-US NTD project. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Ren, Aiguo/B-1181-2008 OI Ren, Aiguo/0000-0001-9115-5638 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 212 BP s53 EP s53 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500208 ER PT J AU Lukacs, SL Hsu, V Schuchat, A Khabbaz, R Khan, A Quinn, C Harper, S Handzel, T Hayslett, J Martin, G Eisold, J Hajjeh, R AF Lukacs, SL Hsu, V Schuchat, A Khabbaz, R Khan, A Quinn, C Harper, S Handzel, T Hayslett, J Martin, G Eisold, J Hajjeh, R TI An anthrax outbreak averted: Public health response to a contaminated envelope on Capitol Hill - Washington, DC, 2001. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA L7 BP s107 EP s107 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500422 ER PT J AU Mei, Z Cogswell, ME Parvanta, I Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Mei, Z Cogswell, ME Parvanta, I Grummer-Strawn, LM TI Erythrocyte protoporphyrin or hemoglobin: Which is a better screening test for iron deficiency in children and women? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 219 BP s55 EP s55 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500214 ER PT J AU Pratt, LA AF Pratt, LA TI Exercise and depression in a nationally representative sample. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 101 BP s26 EP s26 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500099 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Valiante, D Schill, D Pierce, M Bresnitz, E AF Reefhuis, J Valiante, D Schill, D Pierce, M Bresnitz, E CA CDC NJ Investigation Team TI Letters from Trenton: The anthrax investigation at the source, New Jersey, 2001. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 324 BP s81 EP s81 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500320 ER PT J AU Ren, AG Liu, JM Bertrand, J Gindler, J Li, Z Berry, RJ Wang, H Correa, A Liu, P Wong, LY AF Ren, AG Liu, JM Bertrand, J Gindler, J Li, Z Berry, RJ Wang, H Correa, A Liu, P Wong, LY TI Folic acid use during pregnancy and child behavior-SINO-US NTD project. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Ren, Aiguo/B-1181-2008 OI Ren, Aiguo/0000-0001-9115-5638 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 209 BP s53 EP s53 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500205 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Woodruff, B Tchibindat, F Ahimana, C AF Reynolds, MA Woodruff, B Tchibindat, F Ahimana, C TI Emergency health and nutrition assessment, Badghis Province Afghanistan, March 2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA L9 BP s108 EP s108 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500424 ER PT J AU Robinson, CF Burnett, CA AF Robinson, CF Burnett, CA TI Truck drivers and heart disease in the United States, 1979-1990. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 308 BP s77 EP s77 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500304 ER PT J AU Ruder, AM Ward, EM Dong, M Okun, AH Davis-King, K AF Ruder, AM Ward, EM Dong, M Okun, AH Davis-King, K TI Excess urinary tract cancer and respiratory disease mortality among styrene workers in high-exposure departments. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 307 BP s77 EP s77 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500302 ER PT J AU Sanderson, W Stoddard, R Echt, A Piacitelli, C Kim, D AF Sanderson, W Stoddard, R Echt, A Piacitelli, C Kim, D TI Evaluation of Bacillus anthracis contamination inside the Brentwood Postal facility - Washington, DC SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Echt, Alan/A-6940-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 132 BP s33 EP s33 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500130 ER PT J AU Siffel, C Wong, LY Olney, R Correa, A AF Siffel, C Wong, LY Olney, R Correa, A TI A population study on the survival of infants born with encephalocele in Atlanta. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 024 BP s6 EP s6 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500025 ER PT J AU Solomon, L Cannon, MJ Reyes, M Graber, JM Wetherall, NT Reeves, WC AF Solomon, L Cannon, MJ Reyes, M Graber, JM Wetherall, NT Reeves, WC CA Task Force Herpes Simplex Virus Re TI Epidemiologic differences between genital herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 168 BP s42 EP s42 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500166 ER PT J AU Sonnenfeld, N Hertz-Picciotto, I Kaye, W AF Sonnenfeld, N Hertz-Picciotto, I Kaye, W TI Duration of chemical exposure: The problem of varying windows of susceptibility. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 136 BP s34 EP s34 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500134 ER PT J AU Steenland, K AF Steenland, K TI Issues in exposure-response models. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 127 BP s32 EP s32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500124 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Henley, J Thun, M AF Steenland, K Henley, J Thun, M TI All cause and cause-specific death rates by educational status for two million people in two American Cancer Society cohorts, 1959-1996. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Henley, Jane/A-4698-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 113 BP s29 EP s29 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500111 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, T Davis, R DeStefano, F AF Verstraeten, T Davis, R DeStefano, F CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Decreased risk of demyelinating disease following tetanus vaccination. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 206 BP s52 EP s52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500203 ER PT J AU Warner, L Newman, D Peterman, TA Kamb, ML Douglas, JM Zenilman, J Malotte, K Bolan, G Rogers, J Austin, H Kleinbaum, DK Macaluso, M AF Warner, L Newman, D Peterman, TA Kamb, ML Douglas, JM Zenilman, J Malotte, K Bolan, G Rogers, J Austin, H Kleinbaum, DK Macaluso, M TI Minimizing differences in exposure to infection in condom effectiveness studies for STD prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 158 BP s40 EP s40 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500157 ER PT J AU Watkins, M Schulman, J Brustrom, J AF Watkins, M Schulman, J Brustrom, J TI Evaluation of a folic acid intervention in Georgia family planning clinics. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 027 BP s7 EP s7 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500027 ER PT J AU Whelan, EA Lawson, CC Grajewski, B Petersen, MR Pinkerton, L Ward, EM Schnorr, TM AF Whelan, EA Lawson, CC Grajewski, B Petersen, MR Pinkerton, L Ward, EM Schnorr, TM TI Prevalence of respiratory symptoms among female flight attendants and teachers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 128 BP s32 EP s32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500126 ER PT J AU Whitehead, N Leiker, R Wilson, H AF Whitehead, N Leiker, R Wilson, H TI Declines in blood lead among children with borderline elevations and the relationship with state lead poisoning prevention programs. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 149 BP s38 EP s38 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500147 ER PT J AU Williams, J Noviello, S Wurtzel, H Griffith, K Hamborsky, J Perz, J Williams, I Hadler, J Swerdlow, D Ridzon, R AF Williams, J Noviello, S Wurtzel, H Griffith, K Hamborsky, J Perz, J Williams, I Hadler, J Swerdlow, D Ridzon, R TI Anthrax post exposure prophylaxis adherence in Connecticut postal workers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 316 BP s79 EP s79 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500312 ER PT J AU Williams, J Knudson, T Itikala, P Watkins, M AF Williams, J Knudson, T Itikala, P Watkins, M TI Determinants of low vitamin B-12 levels among Georgia family planning clients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 086 BP s22 EP s22 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500086 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA Jamison, PM Weir, HK Gargiullo, PM Edwards, BK AF Wingo, PA Jamison, PM Weir, HK Gargiullo, PM Edwards, BK TI Progress toward nationwide cancer surveillance: Can data from NPCR be combined with SEER? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 053 BP s14 EP s14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500053 ER PT J AU Zhu, BP AF Zhu, BP TI Effect of interpregnancy interval on infant low birthweight: A longitudinal study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 338 BP s85 EP s85 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500335 ER PT J AU Zierold, K Havlena, J Anderson, H AF Zierold, K Havlena, J Anderson, H TI Rate of decline of blood lead levels in a lead-poisoned population of children 0-6 years old. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 11 SU S MA 147 BP s37 EP s37 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 558FK UT WOS:000175955500144 ER PT J AU Weston, A Ensey, J Kreiss, K Keshava, C McCanlies, E AF Weston, A Ensey, J Kreiss, K Keshava, C McCanlies, E TI Racial differences in prevalence of a supratypic HLA-genetic marker immaterial to pre-employment testing for susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HLA-DP; beryllium disease; RFLP; genetic testing ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; BREAST-CANCER; DPB1 ALLELES; HLA-DPB1; FREQUENCIES; POPULATION; RISK; POLYMORPHISM; DQ; SENSITIZATION AB Background A beryllium materials manufacturer is conducting a limited pilot program that offers testing for HLA-DPbeta1(E69) with genetic counseling through a third party to applicants for employment. An important consideration in this regard is the prevalence of this marker in the general population, and its consequent positive predictive valite of disease susceptibility. Methods Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were used to determine HLA-DPbeta1(E69) population frequencies. Estimation of positive predictive values assumed a disease frequency among beryllium workers of either 5 or 15% and used an odds ratio for disease risk of 35 for the HLA-DPbeta1(E69) marker Results Allelic/carrier frequencies were found to be 0.21/0.33, 0.24/0.40, 0.27/0.47, and 0.38/0.59 for Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics, and Chinese, respectively. Ranges of positive predictive values for a genetic test based on HLA-DPbeta1(E69) in these populations were calculated to be 8.3-14.3% for carriers with an assumed disease frequency of 5%. For high risk subgroups with disease frequencies of 15%, the range of positive predictive values was found to span between 24.9-43.0%. Conclusions These estimates suggest that using HL4-DPbeta1(E69) genotyping for general pre-employment screening in the beryllium industry has a low positive predictive value, which varies little among racial groups where carrier frequencies differ significantly. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Hlth Effects Lab Div, MS-L 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1002/ajim.10072 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 559GC UT WOS:000176017400001 PM 12173370 ER PT J AU Jackson, M Chiarello, LA Gaynes, RP Gerberding, JL AF Jackson, M Chiarello, LA Gaynes, RP Gerberding, JL TI Nurse staffing and health care-associated infections: Proceedings from a working group meeting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; PATIENT OUTCOMES; HOSPITAL-CARE; UNIT; WORKLOAD; RATES AB The nation is facing a nursing shortage that is creating a crisis for quality health care and patient safety. Research has documented that problems with nurse staffing are associated with health care-associated infections and other adverse events that affect patient outcomes. These ominous facts, stated during the opening of an expert consultants meeting convened by the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, laid the foundation for a day-long discussion and a call to action to address a growing crisis in health care. The authors summarize the proceedings of this meeting and present the consultants' suggestions for drawing national attention to this issue. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Educ Dev & Res, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Chiarello, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 199 EP 206 AR UNSP 17/46/123416 DI 10.1067/mic.2002.123416 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 559VB UT WOS:000176045100001 PM 12032494 ER PT J AU Fiscella, K Franks, P Kendrick, JS Meldrum, S Kieke, BA AF Fiscella, K Franks, P Kendrick, JS Meldrum, S Kieke, BA TI Risk of preterm birth that is associated with vaginal douching SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE douching; preterm birth; pregnancy; race ID METAANALYSIS; INFECTIONS AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between vaginal douching and preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN: We enrolled hospitalized women after delivery in a case-control study. Women who were delivered of a live preterm singleton infant were assigned as cases. Women who were delivered at term were randomly selected as control subjects. We surveyed women about their douching habits and risk factors for preterm birth and abstracted data from the records. RESULTS: After adjustment, vaginal douching within 6 months of pregnancy was not significantly associated with preterm birth (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.6). However, in secondary analyses, douching more than once per week (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.0-15.5) or longer than 10 years (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2) was associated with preterm birth. CONCLUSION: Vaginal douching does not appear to be a strong risk factor for preterm birth. Further study is needed to confirm the risk that is associated with frequent or long-term douching. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Family Med, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fiscella, K (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Family Med, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS237-12/12] NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 186 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1350 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.122406 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 565TF UT WOS:000176385000058 PM 12066120 ER PT J AU Delnevo, CD Pevzner, ES Steinberg, MB Warren, CW Slade, J AF Delnevo, CD Pevzner, ES Steinberg, MB Warren, CW Slade, J TI Cigar use in New Jersey among adolescents and adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Delnevo, CD (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, 335 George St,Liberty Plaza,Suite 2200,POB 2688, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI Delnevo, Cristine/D-5002-2015 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 943 EP 945 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.6.943 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 555NM UT WOS:000175800200020 PM 12036785 ER PT J AU Bock, NN Sterling, TR Hamilton, CD Pachucki, C Wang, YC Conwell, DS Mosher, A Samuels, M Vernon, A AF Bock, NN Sterling, TR Hamilton, CD Pachucki, C Wang, YC Conwell, DS Mosher, A Samuels, M Vernon, A CA Centers Dis Control Prevention TI A prospective, randomized, double-blind study of the tolerability of rifapentine 600, 900, and 1,200 mg plus isoniazid in the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ONCE-WEEKLY RIFAPENTINE; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; REGIMENS; MICE AB Once-weekly rifapentine 600 mg plus isoniazid (INH) during the continuation phase treatment of tuberculosis Is associated with a relapse rate higher than that of twice-weekly rifampin plus INH. The safety and tolerability of higher rifapentine doses need to be determined. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of rifapentine at three doses (600, 900, and 1,200 mg) plus INH 15 mg/kg once weekly In the continuation phase treatment of culture-positive tuberculosis in 150 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative adults. Outcome measures were discontinuation of therapy for any reason and adverse events on therapy. Treatment was discontinued in 3 of 52 (6%), 2 of 51 (4%), and 3 of 47 (6%) in the rifapentine 600-, 900-, and 1,200-mg treatment arms, respectively. Only one discontinuation, in the rifapentine 1,200-mg arm, was due to an adverse event possibly associated with study therapy. There was a trend toward more adverse events, possibly associated with study therapy, In the highest-dose arms (p = 0.051). Rifapentine 900-mg, once-weekly dosing appears to be safe and well tolerated and Is being evaluated in Phase III efficacy trials of treatment of latent tuberculosis. Further evaluation of the safety and tolerability of rifapentine 1,200 mg is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Hines VA Med Ctr, Hines, IL USA. Washington DC VA Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Bock, NN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. NR 15 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 165 IS 11 BP 1526 EP 1530 DI 10.1164/rccm.200201-047OC PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 560EH UT WOS:000176069400013 PM 12045127 ER PT J AU Levett, PN Branch, SL AF Levett, PN Branch, SL TI Evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies in acute leptospirosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID AGGLUTINATION-TEST; DIPSTICK ASSAY; HUMAN-SERUM; DIAGNOSIS; BARBADOS; ELISA; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; IGM AB Leptospirosis is a common zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Diagnosis of leptospirosis is usually accomplished by serology, but the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) generally requires paired sera for detection of seroconversion and is considered too complex for routine use. A number of rapid assays have been developed in recent years. In the present study, 2 immunoglobulin (Ig) M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were evaluated for the early diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in Barbados. A total of 103 patients admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for diagnosis of suspected leptospirosis were investigated. A case of leptospirosis was confirmed by a 4-fold rise in titer between 2 sera tested by MAT, an initial titer of : 800 in the MAT, or by isolation of leptospires from blood or urine. A total of 48 cases of leptospirosis were confirmed. In 33 cases, both commercial assays were positive in the first sample, taken at admission, a mean of 6.7 days after onset of symptoms, whereas seroconversion was detected in a further 9 cases. Both assays were negative in 5 cases, and the remaining case gave discordant results in the 2 assays. False-positive IgM results were detected in 4 patients without leptospirosis. The sensitivity of the 2 assays was 89.6 and 97.5%, respectively, and specificities were 92.7 and 96.4%, respectively. The positive predictive values were 87.8 and 95.5%, and the negative predictive values were 90.7 and 89.5%, respectively. Either of these assays can be used for early diagnosis of leptospirosis, particularly in laboratories that cannot perform more specialized leptospiral serology. C1 Univ W Indies, Sch Clin Med & Res, Barbados & Leptospira Lab, St Michael, Barbados. Minist Hlth, Leptospira Lab, St Michael, Barbados. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Leptospirosis, NCID, DBMD,MSPB, M-S G-34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 745 EP 748 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700019 PM 12224584 ER PT J AU Loutfy, MR Wilson, M Keystone, JS Kain, KC AF Loutfy, MR Wilson, M Keystone, JS Kain, KC TI Serology and eosinophil count in the diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in a non-endemic area SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; STERCORALIS INFECTION; LARVAL ANTIGENS; IVERMECTIN; ELISA; SERODIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; EFFICACY; THIABENDAZOLE AB Strongyloidiasis is a chronic infection that may result in significant morbidity; however, diagnosis and management remain problematic. The objective of this study was to 1) evaluate the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of 76 consecutive individuals who had Strongyloides stercoralis larvae identified in their fecal specimens; 2) determine the sensitivity of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) enzyme immunoassay (ETA) for detecting antibodies to Strongyloides in those with confirmed infection; and 3) assess the serologic responses and changes in cosinophil counts following treatment. Most (96%) cases occurred in immigrants, but some patients had immigrated as long as 40 years earlier. The CDC Strongyloides ETA had a sensitivity of 94.6% (95% confidence interval = 92.0-97.2%) in this patient population with proven infection. Serologic and cosinophil counts decreased after therapy, suggesting that they may be useful markers of treatment success. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Trop Dis Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kain, KC (reprint author), Toronto Gen Hosp, 200 Elizabeth St,EN G-224, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. NR 42 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 749 EP 752 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700020 PM 12224585 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Shoemaker, PC Fritz, CL Dowell, ME Anderson, DE AF Dworkin, MS Shoemaker, PC Fritz, CL Dowell, ME Anderson, DE TI The epidemiology of tick-borne relapsing fever in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAINS AB Each year, many residents of and visitors to endemic regions of the western United States are exposed to the vector of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), an underrecognized and underreported disease. Through review of report forms and literature review, we identified 450 cases of TBRF acquired in the United States in 11 western states (and in British Columbia by a U.S. resident) from January 1977 to January 2000. Exposure sites were in forested areas, at varying elevations, in mountainous regions (Cascade, Rocky Mountain, San Bernardino, and Sierra Nevada ranges) of the United States and Canada and in limestone caves in central Texas, Only 13 counties accounted for approximately 50% of all cases. Forty percent of the cases were not residents of the state where TBRF exposure occurred, including 7% from I I states where TBRF is not endemic. TBRF is endemic in the United States and is a disease affecting travelers, who may return home with the disease to areas where physicians are not familiar with it. C1 Washington State Dept Hlth, Sect Communicable Dis Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, Spokane, WA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 160 N LaSalle,7 South, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 753 EP 758 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700021 PM 12224586 ER PT J AU Messer, WB Vitarana, UT Sivananthan, K Elvtigala, J Preethimala, LD Ramesh, R Withana, N Gubler, DJ De Silva, AM AF Messer, WB Vitarana, UT Sivananthan, K Elvtigala, J Preethimala, LD Ramesh, R Withana, N Gubler, DJ De Silva, AM TI Epidemiology of dengue in Sri Lanka before and after the emergence of epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; VIRUSES; TYPE-2; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES AB Before 1989, dengue epidemiology in Sri Lanka was characterized by frequent transmission of all four dengue serotypes but a low incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). After 1989, cases of DHF dramatically increased. Here we present the results of epidemiologic studies conducted in Colombo, Sri Lanka before and after epidemic emergence of DHF in 1989. We compared the proportion of dengue cases among people with fever attending clinics from 1980 to 1984 and in 1997 and 1998 to determine if an increase in dengue transmission was associated with more DHF cases being reported. We also compared the relative distribution of dengue virus serotypes circulating in Colombo before and after the emergence of DHF. We detected no significant differences in dengue as a proportion of fever cases or in serotype distribution between the pre and post-DHF periods. We conclude that an increase in virus transmission or a change in circulating serotypes does not explain the epidemic emergence of DHF in Sri Lanka. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Med Res Inst, Dept Virol, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Messer, WB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, CB 7290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 42 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 765 EP 773 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700024 PM 12224589 ER PT J AU Wu, FM Beuchat, LR Doyle, MP Mintz, ED Wells, JG Swaminathan, B AF Wu, FM Beuchat, LR Doyle, MP Mintz, ED Wells, JG Swaminathan, B TI Survival and growth of Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, and Vibrio cholerae O1 in reconstituted infant formula SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; USE WATER-TREATMENT; DRINKING-WATER; RICE CEREAL; STORAGE; TRANSMISSION; SAFE; CHLORINATION; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT AB Formula feeding is an alternative method to prevent mother-to-child infection with human immunodeficiency virus through breast-feeding in developing countries. Growth of bacterial pathogens in reconstituted infant formula has become a health hazard when contaminated water is used for rehydration. This study was conducted to assess bacterial safety risk of using contaminated water to reconstitute infant formula. Survival and growth characteristics were determined for three bacterial pathogens, Vibrio cholerae O1, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, inoculated into sterile tap water (3.2-3.4 log(10) colony-forming units [CFU]/ml) and infant formula (1.5-1.7 and 3.2-3.4 log(10) CFU/ml) and incubated at 4degreesC or 30degreesC for up to 24 hours. Vibrio cholerae O1 was the most sensitive of the three pathogens when inoculated into water, with no viable cells detected within 2 hours at 4degreesC or 30degreesC. The rate of inactivation in water was greater at 30degreesC than at 4degreesC. Vibrio cholerae O1, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis grew rapidly in infant formula at 30degreesC, reaching populations of 9.2, 8.7, and 9.2 log(10) CFU/ml, respectively, at 24 hours. Populations of all three pathogens did not change significantly after incubating infant formula for 24 hours at 4degreesC, but continuously decreased in water throughout incubation for 24 hours, regardless of temperature. Results suggest that unless refrigerated, reconstituted infant formula should be consumed soon after preparation to avoid increased risk of illness associated with increases in populations of pathogenic bacteria that may be introduced by contaminated water. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Doyle, MP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 782 EP 786 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 587UB UT WOS:000177660700027 PM 12224592 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Song, RG Schlecht, PC AF Ashley, K Song, RG Schlecht, PC TI Performance criteria and characteristics of field screening test methods SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID LEAD; WORKPLACE AB Field screening methods can provide a timely means for assessing exposures to toxic substances in the workplace or in the environment, but the validity of such methods is called into question if their performance has not been evaluated or verified. In this article, performance functions are described for qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative methods. C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 12 BP 32 EP + PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 565NL UT WOS:000176376300005 ER PT J AU Rasheed, JK Anderson, GJ Queenan, AM Biddle, JW Oliver, A Jacoby, GA Bush, K Tenover, FC AF Rasheed, JK Anderson, GJ Queenan, AM Biddle, JW Oliver, A Jacoby, GA Bush, K Tenover, FC TI TEM-71, a novel plasmid-encoded, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID UPDATED SEQUENCE INFORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BLA(TEM) GENES; RESISTANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CEFTAZIDIME; SPECIFICITY; MEMBERS AB TEM-71, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate, had an isoelectric point of 6.0 and a substrate profile showing preferential hydrolysis of cefotaxime over ceftazidime. It differed from TEM-1 by two substitutions, Gly238Ser and Glu240Lys, and was under the control of the strong P4 promoter. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anti Infect Sect G08, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RW Johnson Pharmaceut Res Inst, Raritan, NJ 08869 USA. Hosp Ramon y Cajal, Microbiol Serv, E-28034 Madrid, Spain. Edith Nourse Rogers Mem Vet Adm Hosp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. Lahey Clin Fdn, Burlington, MA 01805 USA. RP Rasheed, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anti Infect Sect G08, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Oliver, Antonio/E-4048-2012 OI Oliver, Antonio/0000-0001-9327-1894 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2000 EP 2003 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.6.2000-2003.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 553EM UT WOS:000175662800060 PM 12019125 ER PT J AU Qari, SH Winters, M Vandamme, AM Merigan, T Heneine, W AF Qari, SH Winters, M Vandamme, AM Merigan, T Heneine, W TI A rapid phenotypic assay for detecting multiple nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 in plasma SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SOCIETY-USA PANEL; DRUG-RESISTANCE; AZT RESISTANCE; 3'-AZIDO-3'-DEOXYTHYMIDINE AZT; SENSITIVITY; MUTATIONS; THERAPY; ZIDOVUDINE; MECHANISM AB Zidovudine and other nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), like zalcitabine and didanosine used for treatment of individuals infected with HIV-1, can select for viruses with Q151M and other associated mutations (for example, A62V, S686, V751, F77L, F116Y) in the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. These mutations confer resistance to multiple nucleoside analogues, and thereby compromise the efficacy of this class of drugs. Presently available phenotypic assays for detection of multiple nucleoside analogue resistant (MNR) HIV-1 require testing for each NRTI individually. Here we report an enzymatic RT assay that uses resistance to zidovudine triphosphate (zidovudine-TP) as a diagnostic biochemical marker of MNR HIV-1. This assay exploits the different biochemical mechanisms for zidovudine-resistance conferred by either Q151M or T215Y/F mutations and the inability of conventional RT assays to detect T215Y/F-associated zidovudine resistance. The assay detects RT activity directly in plasma by using Amp-RT, an ultra-sensitive PCR-based RT assay. We show that enzymatic resistance to zidovudine-TP is specific to MNR RT and is distinguishable from both wild-type (WT) and RT containing classical zidovudine-resistant mutations (D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, K219Q). Compared to WT, MNR HIV-1 RT had 5- to 36-fold increases in the concentration of drug required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of RT activity, depending on the presence of Q151M alone or with additional MNR mutations. A screening assay utilizing 1 muM zidovudine-TP was developed and validated on 14 reference isolates, 37 plasma specimens, and seven patient-derived viruses. Twenty-three specimens were found to have reduced susceptibility to zidovudine-TP, and all had Q151M. In contrast, 21 specimens were sensitive to zidovudine-TP, of which 12 had WT genotypes, four had T21 5Y/F, and five had T69S-insertions along with T21 5Y/F mutations. This RT-based phenotypic assay provides a specific and rapid tool for the direct identification and monitoring of Q151M-associated MNR HIV-1 in plasma. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Rega Inst, Louvain, Belgium. Univ Hosp Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 581VA UT WOS:000177313500007 PM 12212925 ER PT J AU Howanitz, PJ Steindel, SJ Heard, NV AF Howanitz, PJ Steindel, SJ Heard, NV TI Laboratory critical values policies and procedures - A College of American Pathologists Q-probes study in 623 institutions SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL LIMITS; IONIZED CALCIUM; NOTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT AB Context.-Critical values lists have been used for many years to decide when to notify physicians and other caregivers of potentially life-threatening situations; however, these lists have not been studied widely. Objectives.-To investigate critical values lists in institutions participating in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program and to provide suggestions for improvement. Setting.-A total of 623 institutions voluntarily participating in the Q-Probes program. Design.-A multipart study in which participants responded to information from preprinted lists, collected information about current practices, completed a questionnaire, monitored critical values calls, reviewed patients' medical records, and surveyed nursing supervisors and physicians about critical values. Main Outcome Measures.-Defining critical values systems, including lists, personnel, costs, processes, usefulness, and related medical outcomes. Results.-Critical values lists were determined for routine chemistry and hematology analytes and were found to vary widely among participants. In contrast, more than 95% of participants reported positive blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid cultures, and toxic therapeutic drug levels as critical values. Based on more than 13000 critical values, participants' data showed that most critical values reports (92.8%) were made by the person who performed the test, and that 65% of reports for inpatients were received by nurses. For outpatients, physicians' office staff received the largest percentage (40%) of reports. The majority of participants (71.4%) had no policy on how repeat critical calls should be handled. On average, completion of notification required about 6 minutes for inpatients and 14 minutes for outpatients. Slightly greater than 5% of critical value telephone calls were abandoned, with the largest percentage abandoned for outpatients. More than 45% of critical values were unexpected, and 65% resulted in a change in therapy. Although only 20.8% of 2301 nursing supervisors thought critical values lists were helpful, 94.9% of 514 physicians found critical values lists valuable. Conclusions.-Critical values systems were medically important, highly variable, but also costly practices for participants. We propose a number of recommendations for improvement, including that the critical values list should be approved by the medical staff, each laboratory should develop a written policy for handling initial and repeat critical values reports, a foolproof policy should be established to report results from calls abandoned, and efforts at automating the process should become widespread. C1 Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. W Los Angeles Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Howanitz, PJ (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Box 25,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. NR 24 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 6 BP 663 EP 669 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 559ZK UT WOS:000176056400005 PM 12033953 ER PT J AU Burke, W Reyes, M Imperatore, G AF Burke, W Reyes, M Imperatore, G TI Hereditary haemochromatosis: a realistic approach to prevention of iron overload disease in the population SO BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron overload; haemochromatosis; HFE gene ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; COLORECTAL-CANCER RISK; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HEMOCHROMATOSIS GENE; SERUM FERRITIN; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; MEN AB Iron overload in body tissues can cause complications such as cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, hypogonadism and arthritis. In populations of northern European descent, most iron overload is due to hereditary haemochromatosis (HHC), a genetic condition that causes increased iron absorption. HHC can be treated or prevented by regular phlebotomy treatments. Some experts have called for population screening for HHC, so that early phlebotomy treatment can be initiated. Two screening tests are available: measurement of the serum iron transferrin saturation (Tf%) and genetic testing for HFE mutations. However, both methods have low positive predictive values. Current data suggest that most people at risk are unlikely to develop clinical symptoms and that the population prevalence of clinical complications of HHC is low, arguing against population screening. Two other prevention strategies are available. (1) Health provider education, to heighten awareness of HHC as an explanation for symptoms and signs seen in early iron overload including unexplained fatigue, joint pain, palpitations, abdominal pain, elevated liver function tests, hepatomegaly and elevated serum ferritin. (2) Family-based testing after a diagnosis of HHC, to ensure that relatives are evaluated for evidence of iron overload. More research is also needed to identify the factors that increase risk for disease in persons with excess iron uptake, to determine whether moderate iron overload is a health risk and to evaluate the causes of iron overload other than HHC. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Box 357120,1959 NE Pacific,Room A204, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU BAILLIERE TINDALL PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1521-6926 J9 BEST PRACT RES CL HA JI Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1053/beha.2002.0002 PG 14 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 612XC UT WOS:000179099900007 PM 12401310 ER PT J AU Mukabana, WR Takken, W Seda, P Killeen, GF Hawley, WA Knols, BGJ AF Mukabana, WR Takken, W Seda, P Killeen, GF Hawley, WA Knols, BGJ TI Extent of digestion affects the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera : Culicidae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TETRANUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; AEDES-AEGYPTI; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; MIDGUT; TRYPSIN; MARKERS; GENE AB The success of distinguishing blood meal sources of Anopheles gambiae Giles through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification at the TC-11 and VWA human short tandem repeats (STR) loci. Blood meal size and locus had no significant effect on the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals digested for 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 h (P = 0.85 and 0.26 respectively). However, logistic regression found a significant negative relationship between time since ingestion and the success probability of obtaining positive PCR products among meals digested for between 8 and 32 h (P = 0.001). Approximately 80% of fresh blood meals were successfully profiled. After 8 h, the proportion of blood meals that could be successfully profiled decreased slowly with time after ingestion, dropping to below 50% after approximately 15 h. There was no significant difference in the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of mosquitoes killed at time 0 and 8 h after ingestion (P = 0.272). C1 Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Entomol Lab, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nairobi, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Mukabana, WR (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, POB 30772, Nairobi, Kenya. EM rmukabana@mbita.mimcom.net FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TWO1142]; NIAID NIH HHS [U19AI45511] NR 34 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 EI 1475-2670 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 3 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1079/BER2002164 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 561YW UT WOS:000176171500005 PM 12088540 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Thompson, TD Hall, HI Logan, P Uhler, RJ AF Coughlin, SS Thompson, TD Hall, HI Logan, P Uhler, RJ TI Breast and cervical carcinoma screening practices among women in rural and nonrural areas of the United States, 1998-1999 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast carcinoma; cervical carcinoma; cancer prevention and control; rural health; rural populations; screening mammography; Pap tests ID MAMMOGRAPHY USE; CANCER; URBAN; CARE; SERVICES; PARTICIPATION; POPULATIONS; MINORITY; OLDER AB BACKGROUND. Prior studies have suggested that women living in rural areas may be less likely than women living in urban areas to have had a recent mammogram and Papanicolau (Pap) test and that rural women may face substantial barriers to receiving preventive health care services. METHODS. The authors examined both breast and cervical carcinoma screening practices-of women living in rural and nonrural areas of the United States from 1998 through 1999 using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The authors limited their analyses of screening mammography and clinical breast examination to women aged 40 years or older (n = 108,326). In addition, they limited their analyses of Pap testing to women aged 18 years or older who did not have a history of hysterectomy (n = 131,813). They divided the geographic areas of residence into rural areas and small towns, suburban areas and smaller metropolitan areas, and larger metropolitan areas. RESULTS. Approximately 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65.8% to 67.6%) of women aged 40 years or older who resided in rural areas had received a mammogram in the past 2 years, compared with 75.4% of women living in larger metropolitan areas (95% CI = 74.9% to 75.9%). About 73.0% (95% CI = 72.2% to 73.9%) of women aged 40 years or older who resided in rural areas had received a clinical breast examination in the past 2 years, compared with 78.2% of women living in larger metropolitan areas (95% CI = 77.8% to 78.7%). About 81.3% (95% CI = 80.6% to 82.0%) of 131,813 rural women aged 18 years or older who had not undergone a hysterectomy had received a Pap test in the past 3 years, compared with 84.5% of women living in larger metropolitan areas (95% CI = 84.1% to 84.9%). The differences in screening across rural and nonrural areas persisted in multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS. These results underscore the need for continued efforts to provide breast and cervical carcinoma screening to women living in rural areas of the United States. (C) 2002 American Cancer Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Div Canc Prevent & Control Epidemiol & Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Div Canc Prevent & Control Epidemiol & Hlth Serv, 4770 Buford Hwy NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 11 BP 2801 EP 2812 DI 10.1002/cncr.10577 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 555JA UT WOS:000175789900001 PM 12115366 ER PT J AU Saxena, RK Weissman, D Saxena, QB Simpson, J Lewis, DM AF Saxena, RK Weissman, D Saxena, QB Simpson, J Lewis, DM TI Kinetics of changes in lymphocyte sub-populations in mouse lungs after intrapulmonary infection with M-bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) and identity of cells responsible for IFN gamma responses SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interferon-gamma; T cells; BCG infection; mice; host; resistance models ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MICE; BCG; PROTECTION; RESISTANCE; GRANULOMAS; IL-12; ORGAN AB Gamma interferon (IFNgamma) plays a key role in host defense against pulmonary mycobacterial infections. A variety of lymphocyte subsets may participate in producing pulmonary IFNgamma responses, but their relative contributions after mycobacterial infection have not been clearly elucidated. To address this question, C57Bl/6 female mice were infected by intrapulmonary instillation of 2.5 x 10(4) BCG (Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Lymphocyte populations in lung interstitium were examined at different time points after the infection. BCG load in lungs peaked between 4 and 6 weeks post-infection and declined to very low levels by the 12th week of infection. Recovery of lung interstitial lymphocytes doubled by 4-6 weeks after infection and declined thereafter. Flow cytometric analysis of the lung-derived lymphocytes revealed that about 5% of the these cells made IFNgamma in control mice, and this baseline IFNgamma production involved T (CD3(+) NK1.1(-) ), NK (CD3(-) NK1.1(+) ) and NKT (CD3(+) NK1.1(+) ) cells. As the BCG lung infection peaked, the total number of CD3(+) T cells in the lungs increased threefold at 5-6 weeks post-infection. There was a marked increase (sixfold) in the number of T cells secreting IFNgamma 5-6 weeks post-infection. Some increase was also noted in the NKT cells making IFNgamma, but the numbers of NK cells making IFNgamma in BCG-infected lungs remained unaltered. Our results suggest that whereas NK and NKT cells contribute to baseline IFNgamma secretion in control lungs, expansion in the IFNgamma-producing T-cell population was essentially responsible for the augmented response seen in lungs of BCG-infected mice. C1 NIOSH, Analyt Serv Branch, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India. RP Lewis, DM (reprint author), NIOSH, Analyt Serv Branch, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 3 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01839.x PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 562RQ UT WOS:000176213100003 PM 12067293 ER PT J AU Chen, H Bowen, MH Biddle, CD Pfeiffer, CM Schleicher, RL AF Chen, H Bowen, MH Biddle, CD Pfeiffer, CM Schleicher, RL TI Evaluation of the Futterman method in determining serum vitamin A across international sample sets. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 6 SU S MA B112 BP A74 EP A74 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 559QZ UT WOS:000176038000236 ER PT J AU Ethridge, SF Waymack, PP Chen, W Kimberly, MM AF Ethridge, SF Waymack, PP Chen, W Kimberly, MM TI Effect of refrigerator storage of fresh sera on the measurement of HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol by the CDC beta-quantification reference method. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Beijing Hosp, Beijing Inst Geriatr, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 6 SU S MA C115 BP A109 EP A109 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 559QZ UT WOS:000176038000351 ER PT J AU Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM AF Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM TI Stable-isotope-labeled LC/MS/MS method on Sciex API3000 for folate measurements in serum. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 6 SU S MA B105 BP A72 EP A72 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 559QZ UT WOS:000176038000229 ER PT J AU Knecht, EA Krieg, EF Clark, JC Kesner, JS AF Knecht, EA Krieg, EF Clark, JC Kesner, JS TI Urinary creatinine measurement using a Vitros 250 chemistry analyzer compared with the Jaffe method. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 6 SU S MA B51 BP A55 EP A55 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 559QZ UT WOS:000176038000175 ER PT J AU Lacher, DA Carroll, MD AF Lacher, DA Carroll, MD TI The moving median as a laboratory quality control technique. Controlling for biological variation using general linear models. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 6 SU S MA F2 BP A173 EP A173 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 559QZ UT WOS:000176038000562 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Audain, C Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Audain, C Myers, GL TI Candidate reference method for urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NCEH, DLS, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 6 SU S MA D65 BP A132 EP A132 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 559QZ UT WOS:000176038000429 ER PT J AU Waymack, PP Ethridge, SF Chen, W Myers, GL AF Waymack, PP Ethridge, SF Chen, W Myers, GL TI Effect of inhibition of the in vitro activities of lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) on the stability of HDL cholesterol in fresh sera. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Beijing Hosp, Beijing Inst Geriatr, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 6 SU S MA C119 BP A110 EP A110 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 559QZ UT WOS:000176038000355 ER PT J AU Kobrynski, LJ Lindegren, ML Rasmussen, SA Yang, QHH AF Kobrynski, LJ Lindegren, ML Rasmussen, SA Yang, QHH TI Using US death certificates to analyze trends in mortality from primary immunodeficiency diseases. SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 103 IS 3 SU S MA 380 BP S125 EP S126 PN 2 PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 566QK UT WOS:000176439600379 ER PT J AU Malarcher, A Easton, A Husten, C Frank, E AF Malarcher, A Easton, A Husten, C Frank, E TI Smoking cessation counseling: Training and practice among women pediatricians SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; ADOLESCENTS; HEALTH; PREVENTION; ATTITUDES; SERVICES; RATES AB We examined characteristics associated with smoking cessation counseling among a national sample of 579 women pediatricians. Fifty-two percent of women pediatricians had received at least some training in cessation counseling and 41% counseled smoking patients at least once per year. Prevalence of counseling increased by amount of training; 20.7% of those with no training counseled at least once per year versus 62.0% of those with extensive training. Pediatricians 50-70 years of age were 1.8 times as likely as those 30-39 years of age to perform frequent counseling (p<0.01). Programs to promote smoking cessation training and counseling among pediatricians are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Malarcher, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1177/000992280204100507 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 562HU UT WOS:000176192000007 PM 12086200 ER PT J AU Griffin, SO Beltran, ED Lockwood, SA Barker, LK AF Griffin, SO Beltran, ED Lockwood, SA Barker, LK TI Esthetically objectionable fluorosis attributable to water fluoridation SO COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluorosis; fluoridation; attributable risk ID TOOTH SURFACE INDEX; DENTAL FLUOROSIS; ENAMEL FLUOROSIS; DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS; PARENTS SATISFACTION; DRINKING-WATER; CHILDREN; PERCEPTIONS; AESTHETICS; PREVALENCE AB Objective: We compared estimates of fluorosis prevalence and risk attributable to fluoridation using an index applied to the entire dentition and to the maxillary anterior teeth. We also estimated the prevalence of perceived esthetic problems attributable to current fluoridation policy (Attributable Burden). Methods: Fluorosis prevalence estimates were obtained from the National Survey of Oral Health in US School Children (1986-87) for the 1839 survey children aged 12-14 years who were scored for fluorosis, had never received fluoride drops or tablets, and had lived in only one home. For each child we calculated Dean's fluorosis index, and an anterior fluorosis index (value of the highest scored maxillary anterior tooth). We used each index to calculate risk of fluorosis attributable to fluoridation by subtracting at each level of severity the prevalence of fluorosis among those living in low fluoride areas (F less than or equal to 0.3 ppm) from the prevalence among those living in optimally fluoridated areas (0.7 ppm F less than or equal to 1.2 ppm). Findings from five published studies were used to calculate risk of perceived esthetic problem attributable to fluorosis, by severity, i.e. the difference in the mean percentage of respondents who were satisfied with the appearance of their teeth with and without fluorosis. Finally, Attributable Burden was estimated by summing the products of risk of perceived esthetic problems attributable to fluorosis and risk of fluorosis attributable to fluoridation for each level of fluorosis severity. Results: Prevalence of fluorosis, very mild or greater, was 26% with Dean's Index, which was significantly higher than the 18% figure calculated with the anterior index. Using the anterior index, fluoridation was a risk factor for very mild (attributable risk = 15%) and mild fluorosis (attributable risk = 3%). Risk of fluorosis (very mild or greater) attributable to fluoridation was significantly higher when calculated from prevalence estimates using Dean's Index than estimates calculated with the anterior index (24% versus 18%). The mean values of risk of perceived esthetic problems attributable to very mild and mild fluorosis were 9% and 33%, respectively. Conclusion: We found that approximately 2% of US schoolchildren may experience perceived esthetic problems which could be attributed to the currently recommended levels of fluoride in drinking water. The findings further suggest that both estimates of fluorosis prevalence and risk of fluorosis attributable to fluoridation will be higher when calculated with an index applied to the entire dentition. Data were unavailable for fluoridated toothpaste and diluted formula consumption, thus the risk of fluorosis attributable to fluoridation may be overestimated if consumption was higher in fluoridated areas. The risk of perceived esthetic problems attributable to fluoridation must be weighed against its lifetime benefits and the associated costs of alternative solutions such as educating parents about appropriate toothpaste use and lowering the fluoride content of children's toothpaste. C1 CDCP, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, SO (reprint author), CDCP, Div Oral Hlth, Surveillance Invest & Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0301-5661 J9 COMMUNITY DENT ORAL JI Community Dentist. Oral Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300306.x PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 557CE UT WOS:000175889100006 PM 12000343 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Root, JJ Mills, JN Beaty, BJ AF Calisher, CH Root, JJ Mills, JN Beaty, BJ TI Assessment of ecologic and biologic factors leading to hantavirus plumonary syndrome, Colorado, USA SO CROATIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE antibodies; viral; ecology; epidemiology; hantavirus; hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; lung diseases; rodentia; USA ID PULMONARY SYNDROME; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL; MOUSE AB Aim. To understand the ecologic parameters of Sin Nombre virus (SNV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) infections in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), environmental variables impacting the rodent populations, and the conditions under which SNV is amplified. This may help us understand the antecedents of human risk for developing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) as a consequence of SNV infection. Method. Each 6 weeks, we trapped, measured, tagged, bled, and released rodents at three widely spaced sites in Colorado, USA: Fort Lewis (1994-2001), Molina (1994-2001), and Pinyon Canyon Maneuver Site (1995-2001). The ELISA method was used to test rodent blood samples for IgG antibody to SNV antigen. Results. Where rodent species richness was high, the prevalence of infection of deer mice (as determined by the presence of antibody) with SNV was low, and vice versa. There was a higher prevalence of antibody to SNV in male than ill female rodents, and seasonal differences were observed in acquisition of SNV between male and female deer mice. Long-lived infected deer mice served as transseasonal, over-winter reservoirs for the virus, providing the mechanism for its survival. Conclusion. Prevalence of rodent infection appears to be associated with fluctuations in deer mouse populations and, indirectly, with timing and amount of precipitation and the resulting biologic events (a "trophic cascade"). Together with information regarding transseasonal maintenance of SNV, seasonal differences in acquisition of SNV between sexes, group foraging, and various other factors may expand our understanding of the risk factors for acquiring HPS. Taken together and applied, we anticipate developing methods for preventing this disease as well as diseases caused by other rodent-borne viruses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [US3/CCU813420-06, U50/CCU813420] NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU MEDICINSKA NAKLADA PI ZAGREB PA VLASKA 69, HR-10000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0353-9504 J9 CROAT MED J JI Croat. Med. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 330 EP 337 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 564PK UT WOS:000176322600013 PM 12035141 ER PT J AU Stenger, DA Andreadis, JD Vora, GJ Pancrazio, JJ AF Stenger, DA Andreadis, JD Vora, GJ Pancrazio, JJ TI Potential applications of DNA microarrays in biodefense-related diagnostics SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; MICROELECTRONIC CHIP ARRAY; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; PROBE ARRAYS; AMPLIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; PREDICTION AB Recent years have witnessed a logarithmic growth in the number of applications involving DNA microarrays. Extrapolation of their use for infectious diagnostics and biodefense-related diagnostics seems obvious. Nevertheless, the application of DNA microarrays to biodefense-related diagnostics will depend on solving a set of substantial, yet approachable, technical and logistical problems that encompass diverse topics from amplification efficiency to bioinformatics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0958-1669(02)00321-X PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 557HV UT WOS:000175903900003 PM 12180094 ER PT J AU Raney, PM Williams, PP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Raney, PM Williams, PP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Validation of Vitek version 7.01 software for testing staphylococci against vancomycin SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AUREUS; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HOSPITALS; EMERGENCE AB We tested 143 isolates of staphylococci with vancomycin by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution (BMD) reference method and compared the results to those generated using the Vitek automated system (GPS-105 and GPS-107 cards and version 7.01 software). For ten isolates, the vancomycin MICs by BMD were 8 mug/ml. By Vitek, the vancomycin MICs ranged from 2 to 16 mug/ml. Vancomycin MICs of greater than or equal to32 mug/ml were reported for two additional isolates by Vitek; however, the MICs decreased to less than or equal to0.5 mug/ml on retesting. By BMD, the vancomycin MICs for both isolates were 1 mug/ml. While the modal vancomycin MIC results by BMD for S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) were both 1mug/ml, Vitek results showed a mode of less than or equal to0.5 mug/ml for S. aureus, and a mode of 2 mug/ml for CONS. Vitek did not report vancomycin MICS of 1 or 4 mug/ml for any of the isolates tested. While the sensitivity of detecting staphylococci with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin appears to be improved with Vitek version 7.01 software, when compared to earlier software versions, laboratories may notice an overall shift in MIC data toward higher vancomycin MICs, although for the most part, this does not affect the categorical interpretations of the results. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Raney, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 135 EP 140 AR PII S0732-8893(02)00378-4 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(02)00378-4 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 576TV UT WOS:000177022500008 PM 12088621 ER PT J AU Glaser, CA Gilliam, S Thompson, WW Dassey, DE Waterman, SH Saruwatari, M Shapiro, S Fukuda, K AF Glaser, CA Gilliam, S Thompson, WW Dassey, DE Waterman, SH Saruwatari, M Shapiro, S Fukuda, K TI Medical care capacity for influenza outbreaks, Los Angeles SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMICS; IMPACT; MORTALITY AB In December 1997, media reported hospital overcrowding and "the worst [flu epidemic] in the past two decades" in Los Angeles County (LAC). We found that rates of pneumonia and influenza deaths, hospitalizations, and claims were substantially higher for the 1997-98 influenza season than the previous six seasons. Hours of emergency medical services (EMS) diversion (when emergency departments could not receive incoming patients) peaked during the influenza seasons studied; the number of EMS diversion hours per season also increased during the seasons 1993-94 to 1997-98, suggesting a decrease in medical care capacity during influenza seasons. Over the seven influenza seasons studied, the number of licensed beds decreased 12%, while the LAC population increased 5%. Our findings suggest that the capacity of health-care systems to handle patient visits during influenza seasons is diminishing. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Glaser, CA (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 85 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 556LL UT WOS:000175851000006 PM 12023911 ER PT J AU Bern, C Ortega, Y Checkley, W Roberts, JM Lescano, AG Cabrera, L Verastegui, M Black, RE Sterling, C Gilman, RH AF Bern, C Ortega, Y Checkley, W Roberts, JM Lescano, AG Cabrera, L Verastegui, M Black, RE Sterling, C Gilman, RH TI Epidemiologic differences between cyclosporiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian children SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAYETANENSIS INFECTION; GUATEMALA; PATHOGEN; ANIMALS; PARVUM AB We compared the epidemiologic characteristics of cyclosporiasis and cryptosporidiosis in data from a cohort study of diarrhea in a periurban community near Lima, Peru. Children had an average of 0.20 episodes of cyclosporiasis/year and 0.22 episodes of cryptosporidiosis/year of follow-up. The incidence of cryptosporidiosis peaked at 0.42 for 1-year-old children and declined to 0.06 episodes/child-year for 5- to 9-year-old children, In contrast, the incidence of cyclosporiasis was fairly constant among 1- to 9-year-old children (0.21 to 0.28 episodes/child-year). Likelihood of diarrhea decreased significantly with each episode of cyclosporiasis; for cryptosporidiosis, this trend was not statistically significant. Both infections were more frequent during the warm season (December to May) than the cooler season (June to November). Cryptosporidiosis was more frequent in children from houses without a latrine or toilet. Cyclosporiasis was associated with ownership of domestic animals, especially birds, guinea pigs, and rabbits. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 22 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 556LL UT WOS:000175851000008 PM 12023913 ER PT J AU Ong, S Talan, DA Moran, GJ Mower, W Newdow, M Tsang, VCW Pinner, RW AF Ong, S Talan, DA Moran, GJ Mower, W Newdow, M Tsang, VCW Pinner, RW CA EMERGEncy ID NET Study Grp TI Neurocysticercosis in radiographically imaged seizure patients in US emergency departments SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; LOS-ANGELES COUNTY; HUMAN CYSTICERCOSIS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; EPILEPSY; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; BURDEN; MEXICO AB Neurocysticercosis appears to be on the rise in the United States, based on immigration patterns and published cases series, including reports of domestic acquisition. We used a collaborative network of U.S. emergency departments to characterize the epidemiology of neurocysticercosis in seizure patients. Data were collected prospectively at 11 university-affiliated, geographically diverse, urban U.S. emergency departments from July 1996 to September 1998. Patients with a seizure who underwent neuroimaging were included. Of the 1,801 patients enrolled in the study, 38 (2.1%) had seizures attributable to neurocysticercosis. The disease was detected in 9 of the 11 sites and was associated with Hispanic ethnicity, immigrant status, and exposure to areas where neurocysticercosis is endemic. This disease appears to be widely distributed and highly prevalent in certain populations (e.g., Hispanic patients) and areas (e.g., Southwest). C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ong, S (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr,North Annex, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. FU SAMHSA HHS [MOA Y1-A1-6072-01] NR 28 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 608 EP 613 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 556LL UT WOS:000175851000013 PM 12023918 ER PT J AU Glaberman, S Moore, JE Lowery, CJ Chalmers, RM Sulaiman, I Elwin, K Rooney, PJ Millar, BC Dooley, JSG Lal, AA Xiao, LH AF Glaberman, S Moore, JE Lowery, CJ Chalmers, RM Sulaiman, I Elwin, K Rooney, PJ Millar, BC Dooley, JSG Lal, AA Xiao, LH TI Three drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, Northern Ireland SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PARVUM; TRANSMISSION; PARASITES; OOCYSTS AB Three recent drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in Northern Ireland were investigated by using genotyping and subgenotyping tools. One Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak was caused by the bovine genotype, and two were caused by the human genotype. Subgenotyping analyses indicate that two predominant subgenotypes were associated with these outbreaks and had been circulating in the community. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Belfast City Hosp, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Singleton Hosp, Swansea SA2 8QA, W Glam, Wales. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS F12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 16 TC 142 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 631 EP 633 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 556LL UT WOS:000175851000017 PM 12023922 ER PT J AU Rubin, CH Esteban, E Reissman, DB Daley, WR Noonan, GP Karpati, A Gurvitch, E Kuzmin, SV Privalova, LI Zukov, A Zlepko, A AF Rubin, CH Esteban, E Reissman, DB Daley, WR Noonan, GP Karpati, A Gurvitch, E Kuzmin, SV Privalova, LI Zukov, A Zlepko, A TI Lead poisoning among young children in Russia: Concurrent evaluation of childhood lead exposure in Ekaterinburg, Krasnouralsk, and Volgograd SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children's health; environmental exposure; lead poisoning ID BLOOD; FINGERSTICK; CAPILLARY; SAMPLES; HEALTH AB The Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission encouraged a binational collaboration to evaluate pediatric lead poisoning in Russia. The study evaluated children in three Russian cities: Krasnouralsk, a small city with minimal traffic centered around a copper smelter; and Ekaterinburg and Volgograd, both of which are large cities with multiple factories and heavy vehicular traffic. This project was the first international use of portable blood lead analysis instruments. In each city, at least 90% of children attending selected neighborhood kindergartens participated. We selected kindergartens on the basis of their proximity to industrial areas and major traffic corridors. We obtained capillary blood samples and analyzed for lead content and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels in the field, and collected environmental samples (i.e., indoor dust, tap water, play area soil, and interior and exterior paint) and analyzed for each participating school and in the homes of about 10% of the children who had elevated blood lead levels (BLLs; greater than or equal to 10 mug/dL). We calculated all age-, sex-, and city-specific geometric means using generalized estimating equations to account for covariance within kindergartens, and used multivariate logistic regression models to identify variables predictive of elevated BLLs. Overall, 23% of study children had elevated BLLs and 2% were anemic, defined as Hgb<11 g/dL. Krasnouralsk had the highest geometric mean BLL (10.7 μg/dL), the highest percentage of children (60%) with elevated BLLs, and the highest percentage of anemic children (4%). All soil samples in Krasnouralsk had detectable lead levels. Volgograd was the only city that had paint samples with elevated lead levels. We found apparent city-specific differences in the percentages of children with elevated BLLs. Lead-contaminated soil and dust, which can result from lead-based automotive fuel and from lead-related industrial emissions, appear to be the most important routes of lead exposure of those evaluated in this study. Elevated lead levels found in paint samples from Volgograd may indicate old undercoats of lead-based paint that could represent a regionally rather than nationally important source of exposure. C1 CDCP, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sanit & Epidemiol Surveillance Russian Federat, Moscow, Russia. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Rubin, CH (reprint author), CDCP, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP 559 EP 562 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 561HV UT WOS:000176134900018 PM 12055045 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Matte, TD Schwartz, J Jackson, RJ AF Grosse, SD Matte, TD Schwartz, J Jackson, RJ TI Economic gains resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE child, cognition disorders/chemically induced/prevention and control; environmental exposure/economics; environmental monitoring; intelligence; lead/adverse effects; blood lead ID ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD; INTELLIGENCE; BENEFITS; IQ AB In this study we quantify economic benefits from projected improvements in worker productivity resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States since 1976. We Calculated the decline in blood lead levels (BLLs) from 1976 to 1999 on the basis of nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected timing 1976 through 1980, 1991 through 1994, and 1999. The decline in mean BLL in 1- to 5-year-old U.S. children from 1976-1980 to 1991-1994 was 12.3 mug/dL, and the estimated decline from 1976 to 1999 was 15.1 mug/dL. We assumed the change in cognitive ability resulting from declines in BLLs, on the basis of published meta-analyses, to be between 0.185 and 0.323 IQ points for each 1 mug/dL blood lead concentration. These calculations imply that, because of falling BLLs, U.S. preschool-aged children in the late 1990s had IQs that were, on average, 2.2-4.7 points higher than they would have been if they had the blood lead distribution observed among U.S. preschool-aged children in the late 1970s. We estimated that each IQ point raises worker productivity 1.76-2.38%. With discounted lifetime earnings of $723,300 for each 2-year-old in 2000 dollars, the estimated economic benefit for each year's cohort of 3.8 million 2-year-old children ranges from $110 billion to $319 billion. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jackson, RJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-29,Bldg 101,Ro, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 22 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP 563 EP 569 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 561HV UT WOS:000176134900019 PM 12055046 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Wang, RY AF Needham, LL Wang, RY TI Analytic considerations for measuring environmental chemicals in breast milk SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE analytic; chemical; environment; human breast milk; measurement; toxicant ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE DDE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; INFANT EXPOSURE; CORD BLOOD; CHILDREN; DIOXINS; DETERMINANTS; LACTATION AB The presence of environmental chemicals in human breast milk is of general concern because of the potential health consequence of these chemicals to the breast-fed infant and the mother. In addition to the mother's exposure, several features determine the presence of environmental chemicals in breast milk and their ability to be determined analytically. These include maternal factors and properties of the environmental chemical-both physical and chemical-such as its lipid solubility, degree of ionization, and molecular weight. Environmental chemicals with high lipid solubility are likely to be found in breast milk; they include polyhalogenated compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychilorinated dibenzofurans, organochlorine insecticides, and polybrominated diphenylethers. These fat-soluble chemicals are incorporated into the milk as it is synthesized, and they must be measured in accordance with the fat content of the milk to allow for meaningful comparisons within an individual and among populations. Although the analytic approach selected to measure the environmental chemical is predominantly determined by the characteristics of the chemical, the concentration of the chemical in the milk sample and the existence of structurally similar chemicals (e.g., congeners) must be considered as well. In general, the analytic approach for measuring environmental chemicals in breast milk is similar to the approach for measuring the same chemicals in other matrices, except special considerations must be given for the relatively high fat content of milk. The continued efforts of environmental scientists to measure environmental chemicals in breast milk is important for defining the true contribution of these chemicals to public health, especially to the health of the newborn. Work is needed for identifying and quantifying additional environmental chemicals in breast milk from the general population and for developing analytic methods that have increased sensitivity and the ability to speciate various chemicals. C1 CDCP, Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, RY (reprint author), CDCP, Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 55 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP A317 EP A324 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 561HV UT WOS:000176134900029 PM 12055062 ER PT J AU Norton, SB Cormier, SM Smith, M Jones, RC Schubauer-Berigan, M AF Norton, SB Cormier, SM Smith, M Jones, RC Schubauer-Berigan, M TI Predicting levels of stress from biological assessment data: Empirical models from the Eastern Corn Belt Plains, Ohio, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 14-20, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE multivariate regression; spatial autocorrelation; streams; macroinvertebrates; fish ID WATER-QUALITY; NEW-ZEALAND; LAND-USE AB Interest is increasing in using biological community data to provide information on the specific types, of anthropogenic influences impacting streams. We built empirical models that predict the level of six different types of stress with fish and benthic macroinvertebrate data as explanatory variables. Significant models were found for six stressor factors: stream corridor structure: siltation; total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and iron (Fe); chemical oxygen demand (COD) and BOD; zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb); and nitrate and nitrite (NOx) and phosphorus (P). Model R-2 values were lowest for the siltation factor and highest for TSS, BOD, and Fe. Model R-2 values increased when spatial relationships, were incorporated into tire model. The models generally performed well when applied to a random subset of the data. Performance was more mixed Mien models were applied to data collected from a previous time period, perhaps because of a change in the spatial structure of these systems, These models may provide a useful indication of the levels of different stresses impacting stream reaches in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains ecoregion of Ohio, USA. More generally, the models provide additional evidence that biological communities can serve as useful indicators of the types of anthropogenic stress impacting aquatic systems. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Ecol Assessment Sect, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. RP Norton, SB (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1168 EP 1175 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1168:PLOSFB>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 556XM UT WOS:000175874300008 PM 12069299 ER PT J AU Koopmans, M von Bonsdorff, CH Vinje, J de Medici, D Monroe, S AF Koopmans, M von Bonsdorff, CH Vinje, J de Medici, D Monroe, S TI Foodborne viruses SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Norwalk-like virus; foodborne virus ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HUMAN ENTERIC CALICIVIRUSES; SENTINEL GENERAL PRACTICES; COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Foodborne and waterborne viral infections are increasingly recognized as causes of illness in humans. This increase is partly explained by changes in food processing and consumption patterns that lead to the worldwide availability of high-risk food. As a result, vast outbreaks may occur due to contamination of food by a single foodhandler or at a single source. Although there are numerous fecal-orally transmitted viruses, most reports of foodborne transmission describe infections with Norwalk-like caliciviruses (NLV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), suggesting that these viruses are associated with the greatest risk of foodborne transmission. NLV and HAV can be transmitted from person to person, or indirectly via food, water, or fomites contaminated with virus-containing feces or vomit. People can be infected without showing symptoms. The high frequency of secondary cases of NLV illness and-to a lesser extent-of hepatitis A following a foodborne outbreak results in amplification of the problem. The burden of illness is highest in the elderly, and therefore is likely to increase due to the aging population. For HAV, the burden of illness may increase following hygienic control measures, due to a decreasing population of naturally immune individuals and a concurrent increase in the population at risk. Recent advances in the research of NLV and HAV have led to the development of molecular methods which can be used for molecular tracing of virus strains. These methods can be and have been used for the detection of common source outbreaks. While traditionally certain foods have been implicated in virus outbreaks, it is clear that almost any food item can be involved, provided it has been handled by an infected person. There are no established methods for detection of viruses in foods other than shellfish. Little information is available on disinfection and preventive measures specifically for these viruses. Studies addressing this issue are hampered by the lack of culture systems. As currently available routine monitoring systems exclusively focus on bacterial pathogens, efforts should be made to combine epidemiological and virological information for a combined laboratory-based rapid detection system for foodborne viruses. With better surveillance, including typing information, outbreaks of foodborne infections could be reported faster to prevent further spread. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Res Lab Infect Dis, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Div Virol, Helsinki, Finland. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Food Technol, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ctr Dis Control, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koopmans, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Res Lab Infect Dis, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RI De Medici, Dario/C-4835-2015; OI De Medici, Dario/0000-0002-6917-8478; Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675; Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 212 TC 178 Z9 199 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6445 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL REV JI Fems Microbiol. Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 187 EP 205 AR PII S0168-6445(02)00096-7 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00610.x PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 567HF UT WOS:000176478800008 PM 12069883 ER PT J AU Fingerhut, LA Christoffel, KK AF Fingerhut, LA Christoffel, KK TI Firearm-related death and injury among children and adolescents SO FUTURE OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID HOMICIDE C1 Ctr Dis Control, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Childrens Mem Inst Educ & Res, Chicago, IL USA. RP Fingerhut, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER FUTURE CHILDREN, DAVID LUCILE PACKARD FOUNDATION PI LOS ALTOS PA 300 SECOND ST, STE 200, LOS ALTOS, CA 94022 USA SN 1054-8289 J9 FUTURE CHILD JI Future Child. PD SUM-FAL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 25 EP 37 PG 13 WC Family Studies; Health Policy & Services; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Family Studies; Health Care Sciences & Services; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 647VM UT WOS:000181114800003 ER PT J AU Galea, S Factor, SH Palermo, AG Aaron, D Canales, E Vlahov, D AF Galea, S Factor, SH Palermo, AG Aaron, D Canales, E Vlahov, D TI Access to resources for substance users in Harlem, New York City: Service provider and client perspectives SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; MEDICAL-CARE; HEALTH; STRESS; DISPARITIES AB The Urban Research Center (URC) in Harlem, New York City, is a collaboration of community members, service providers, and academics. A Community Advisory Board (CAB) meets regularly to formulate priorities for action and to direct research. A conceptual model of social determinants of health relevant to the Harlem community was developed. Early meetings of the CAB identified substance use as a health concern in the Harlem community. Access to social services was identified as a key social determinant that should guide research and intervention efforts of the URC. Surveys of service providers and of substance users were carried out to quantify availability of information and barriers to access. This article discusses the CAB process that led to the model of social determinants, development of surveys, and interpretation of results. The authors also discuss survey results and how the URC will use these results to develop interventions. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Off, Div Prevent & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Community Advisory Board, Ctr Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Inst Medicare Practice, New York, NY USA. RP Galea, S (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU209663-07] NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 296 EP 311 DI 10.1177/1090198102029003003 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 553KB UT WOS:000175673400002 PM 12038740 ER PT J AU Factor, SH Galea, S Geli, LGD Saynisch, M Blumenthal, S Canales, E Poulson, M Foley, M Vlahov, D AF Factor, SH Galea, S Geli, LGD Saynisch, M Blumenthal, S Canales, E Poulson, M Foley, M Vlahov, D TI Development of a "survival" guide for substance users in Harlem, New York City SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID ETHNOCULTURAL COMMUNITIES; DRUG-USERS; PARTICIPATE; WILLINGNESS; CANADA AB The community advisory board (CAB) of the Harlem Urban Research Center. which includes community service providers. Department of Health workers. and academics. identified substance users' health as an action priority, The CAB initiated the development of a wellness guide to provide informational support for substance users to improve access to community services, Focus groups of current and former users engaged substance users in the guide development process and determined the guide's content and "look." Focus group participants recommended calling this a "survival" guide, The guide will include three sections: (a) health information and how to navigate the system to obtain services. (b) a reference list of community services, and (c) relevant "hotline" numbers. The design will incorporate local street art. Substance users continue to shape the guide through ongoing an workshops. Dissemination and evaluation of the guide will continue to involve substance users, community service providers, and academics. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, Community Advisory Board, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Hlth Inst Carlos III, Natl Sch Hlth, Madrid, Spain. CUNY Hunter Coll, Urban Publ Hlth Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community Med, New York, NY USA. RP Factor, SH (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, Community Advisory Board, 1216 5th Ave,Room 556, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU209663-07] NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 312 EP 325 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 553KB UT WOS:000175673400003 PM 12038741 ER PT J AU Donnelly, EH Farfan, EB Miller, CW Bolch, WE AF Donnelly, EH Farfan, EB Miller, CW Bolch, WE TI Comparison of thyroid dose estimates to Native Americans from Hanford releases to the air using reference vs. tribal-specific diets. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S120 EP S120 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000021 ER PT J AU Land, C Gilbert, E Smith, J Hoffman, O Apostoaei, I Thomas, I AF Land, C Gilbert, E Smith, J Hoffman, O Apostoaei, I Thomas, I TI Report of the NCI-CDC Working Group to revise the 1985 NIH radioepidemiological tables: Overview. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Radiat Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S187 EP S188 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000212 ER PT J AU Miller, C AF Miller, C TI Application of a stochastic resuspension factor model in an urban environment. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S171 EP S172 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000164 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, R AF Whitcomb, R TI Potassium iodide and the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile Program. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S118 EP S118 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000015 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT Touch, RJ Johnson, BL AF De Rosa, CT Touch, RJ Johnson, BL TI From obscurity to maturity: ATSDR's toxicological profiles SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 633 EP 636 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571CR UT WOS:000176697700001 ER PT J AU Mbow, ML Gilmore, RD Stevenson, B Golde, WT Piesman, J Johnson, BJB AF Mbow, ML Gilmore, RD Stevenson, B Golde, WT Piesman, J Johnson, BJB TI Borrelia burgdorferi - Specific monoclonal antibodies derived from mice primed with Lyme disease spirochete-infected Ixodes scapularis ticks SO HYBRIDOMA AND HYBRIDOMICS LA English DT Article ID OUTER SURFACE-PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EXPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; IXODIDAE; PLASMIDS; ANTIGEN; FAMILY; ACARI; GENE AB We have generated a panel of IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 antigens, using a method whereby mice were primed with organisms naturally inoculated by Ixodes scapularis nymphal ticks. Western blot analysis showed that these MAbs recognized several B. burgdorferi B31 antigens, including the complement inhibitor factor H-binding proteins ErpA/I/N and ErpC. Two other MAbs were specific for the RevA protein, and have enabled characterization of that previously unknown protein. The data presented here suggest that the production of MAbs from animals infected by tick-bite is a potentially useful tool for the identification of novel proteins synthesized by B. burgdorferi during mammalian infection. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Mbow, ML (reprint author), Centocor Inc, Biopharmaceut Res, 200 Great Valley Pkwy, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA HYBRIDOM JI Hybrid. Hybridomics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1089/153685902760173890 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 568QY UT WOS:000176554900004 PM 12165143 ER PT J AU Chiarello, LA Cardo, DM AF Chiarello, LA Cardo, DM TI Preventing transmission of hepatitis B virus from surgeons to patients SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cardo, DM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 301 EP 302 DI 10.1086/502054 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 562JL UT WOS:000176193600005 PM 12083231 ER PT J AU Khan, AJ Cotter, SM Schulz, B Hu, YL Rosenberg, J Robertson, BH Fiore, AE Bell, BR AF Khan, AJ Cotter, SM Schulz, B Hu, YL Rosenberg, J Robertson, BH Fiore, AE Bell, BR TI Nosocomial transmission of hepatitis B virus infection among among residents with diabetes in a skilled nursing facility SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE: To identify exposures associated with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among residents with diabetes in a skilled nursing facility. DESIGN: Residents from Unit 3 and other skilled nursing facility residents with diabetes were tested for serologic evidence of HBV infection. Two retrospective cohort studies were conducted. Potential routes of HBV transmission were evaluated by statistical comparison of attack rates. SETTING: A 269-bed skilled nursing facility. PARTICIPANTS: All skilled nursing facility residents with diabetes and skilled nursing facility residents who lived on the same unit as the index case (Unit 3) for some time during the case's incubation period. RESULTS: All 5 residents with acute HBV infection had diabetes and resided in Unit 3. The attack rate among the 12 patients with diabetes in Unit 3 was 42%, compared with 0% among 43 patients without diabetes (relative risk, 37.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.7 to infinity). Acutely infected patients with diabetes received more morning insulin doses (P =.05), and more insulin doses (P =.03) and finger sticks (P =.02) on Wednesdays than did noninfected patients with diabetes. Two chronically infected patients with diabetes in Unit 3 were positive for hepatitis B e antigen and regularly received daily insulin and finger sticks. Of the 4 acute and 3 chronically infected residents from whom HBV DNA was amplified, all were genotype F and had an identical 678-bp S region sequence. Although no component of the lancets or injection devices was shared among residents, opportunities for HBV contamination of diabetes care supplies were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Contamination of diabetes care supplies resulted in resident-to-resident transmission of HBV. In any setting in which diabetes care is performed, staff need to be educated regarding appropriate infection control practices (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:313-318). C1 CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Mateo Cty Hlth Dept, San Mateo, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Commun Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Khan, AJ (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, MS D-18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 313 EP 318 DI 10.1086/502057 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 562JL UT WOS:000176193600008 PM 12083234 ER PT J AU Beltrami, EM Luo, CC de la Torre, N Cardo, DM AF Beltrami, EM Luo, CC de la Torre, N Cardo, DM TI Transmission of drug-resistant HIV after an occupational exposure despite postexposure prophylaxis with a combination drug regimen SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; INFECTION AB We documented a case of occupational human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) despite postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with a combination drug regimen after percutaneous injury with a needle from a sharps disposal container in the hospital room of an HIV-infected patient. This failure of PEP with a combination drug regimen may have been related to antiretroviral drug resistance, other factors, or both. This case highlights the importance of preventing injury to prevent occupational transmission of HIV (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:345-348). C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beltrami, EM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop E-68,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1086/502065 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 562JL UT WOS:000176193600016 PM 12083242 ER PT J AU Schieber, RA Vegega, ME AF Schieber, RA Vegega, ME TI Reducing childhood pedestrian injuries SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; LIMITATIONS; SUPERVISION; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS; TAXONOMY; EVENTS C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Transportat, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Off Traff Injury Control Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Schieber, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, MSK-63,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 SU 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 656EV UT WOS:000181596600001 ER PT J AU Barell, V Aharonson-Daniel, L Fingerhut, LA Mackenzie, EJ Ziv, A Boyko, V Abargel, A Avitzour, M Heruti, R AF Barell, V Aharonson-Daniel, L Fingerhut, LA Mackenzie, EJ Ziv, A Boyko, V Abargel, A Avitzour, M Heruti, R TI An introduction to the Barell body region by nature of injury diagnosis matrix SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Introduction: The Barell body region by nature of injury diagnosis matrix standardizes data selection and reports, using a two dimensional array (matrix) that includes all International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9-CM codes describing trauma. Aim: To provide a standard format for reports from trauma registries, hospital discharge data systems, emergency department data systems, or other sources of non-fatal injury data. This tool could also be used to characterize the patterns of injury using a manageable number of clinically meaningful diagnostic categories and to serve as a standard for casemix comparison across time and place. Concept: The matrix displays 12 nature of injury columns and 36 body region rows placing each ICD-9-CM code in the range from 800 to 995 in a unique cell location in the matrix. Each cell includes the codes associated with a given injury. The matrix rows and columns can easily be collapsed to get broader groupings or expanded if more specific sites are required. The current matrix offers three standard levels of detail through predefined collapsing of body regions from 36 rows to nine rows to five rows. Matrix development: This paper presents stages in the development and the major concepts and properties of the matrix, using data from the Israeli national trauma registry, and from the US National Hospital Discharge Survey. The matrix introduces new ideas such as the separation of traumatic brain injury (TBI), into three types. Injuries to the eye have been separated from other facial injuries. Other head injuries such as open wounds and burns were categorized separately. Injuries to the spinal cord and spinal column were also separated as are the abdomen and pelvis. Extremities have been divided into upper and lower with a further subdivision into more specific regions. Hip fractures were separated from other lower extremity fractures. Forthcoming developments: The matrix will be used for the development of standard methods for the analysis of multiple injuries and the creation of patient injury profiles. To meet the growing use of ICD-10 and to be applicable to a wider range of countries, the matrix will be translated to ICD-10 and eventually to ICD-10-CM. Conclusion: The Barell injury diagnosis matrix has the potential to serve as a basic tool in epidemiological and clinical analyses of injury data. C1 Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Aharonson-Daniel, L (reprint author), Gertner Inst, Trauma & Emergency Med Res Unit, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RI AHARONSON-DANIEL, LIMOR/F-1998-2012 OI AHARONSON-DANIEL, LIMOR/0000-0003-4585-6892 NR 12 TC 186 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1136/ip.8.2.91 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654LF UT WOS:000181497800002 PM 12120842 ER PT J AU Shults, RA Sleet, DA Elder, RW Ryan, GW Sehgal, M AF Shults, RA Sleet, DA Elder, RW Ryan, GW Sehgal, M TI Association between state level drinking and driving countermeasures and self reported alcohol impaired driving SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK; INTERVENTIONS; BEHAVIORS; INJURIES AB Objectives: In 1999, alcohol related motor vehicle crashes in the United States claimed 15 786 lives and injured more than 300 000 persons. Drinking and driving behavior is shaped by individual and environmental level influences. In this study, the association between each state's driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) countermeasures and self reported alcohol impaired driving was explored. Methods: Mothers Against Drunk Driving's (MADD's) Rating the States 2000 survey, which graded states on their DUI countermeasures from 1996-99, was used as an index of each state's comprehensive DUI prevention activities. Information on alcohol impaired driving from residents of each state was obtained from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. The association between the MADD state grades and alcohol impaired driving was assessed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Of the 64 162 BRFSS respondents who reported drinking any alcohol during the past month, 2.1 % of women and 5.8% of men reported at least one episode of alcohol impaired driving in the past month. Those living in states with a MADD grade of "D" were 60% more likely to report alcohol impaired driving than those from states with a MADD grade of "A" (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.1). The association existed for men and women. Conclusion: These findings suggest that stronger state level DUI countermeasures are associated with lower rates of self reported alcohol impaired driving. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shults, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1136/ip.8.2.106 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654LF UT WOS:000181497800004 PM 12120827 ER PT J AU Mian, A Mahmood, SF Chotani, H Luby, S AF Mian, A Mahmood, SF Chotani, H Luby, S TI Vulnerability to homicide in Karachi: political activity as a risk factor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE political violence; homicide; Pakistan; risk factors for homicide; organized violence; ethnicity ID THIRD-WORLD; VIOLENCE AB Background Previous studies analysing Karachi ambulance data from 1993 to 1995 identified neighbourhoods in Karachi disproportionately affected by homicide. As a step toward developing intervention programmes to curb violence, we conducted a study to identify risk factors for becoming a homicide victim in a high violence area of Karachi. Methods We interviewed families of 35 cases, individuals intentionally killed through acts of violence between January 1994 and January 1997, and 85 community-based controls frequency matched by sex, from Orangi, a high violence area of Karachi. Results Most of our cases and controls were male (97% and 92%, respectively) and had similar socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. All the victims were killed by firearms; 4 (11%) had been tortured prior to death. Most of the victims were killed in the streets (n = 25, 71%). Of these, 7 (36%) had been killed by law-enforcement officers, while 6 (24%) died from indiscriminate firing. People who were killed were 34 times more likely to have attended all political processions (29% versus 1%, odds ratio [OR] = 34; 95% CI: 4-749, P < 0.001), 19 times more likely to have attended political meetings (31% versus 2%, OR = 19; 95% CI: 4-136, P < 0.001), and 17 times more likely to have held an important position in a political party (29% versus 2%, OR = 17; 95% CI: 3-120, P < 0.001) than controls. Conclusions Homicide in Orangi was political. Efforts to improve trust between ethnic groups and to build legitimacy for non-violent forms of conflict resolution are important steps to limit future violence. C1 Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Luby, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1093/ije/31.3.581 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 562ZQ UT WOS:000176229200016 PM 12055158 ER PT J AU Quddus, A Luby, S Rahbar, M Pervaiz, Y AF Quddus, A Luby, S Rahbar, M Pervaiz, Y TI Neonatal tetanus: mortality rate and risk factors in Loralai District, Pakistan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonatal tetanus; mortality rate; District Loralai; elimination; delivery surface ID CLUSTER SURVEY; NIGERIA AB Background This study was conducted to estimate the neonatal tetanus (NNT) mortality rate and to identify the risk factors for NNT deaths in Loralai District, Pakistan. Method We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey during July-September 1997. We stratified the sample proportionate to population of union councils. The most populous village in a union council was selected first. We interviewed the women, selected randomly, who had a live birth in the 18 months preceding the survey. We conducted a matched case-control study to identify the risk factors for NNT deaths. We used the World Health Organization criteria to enrol cases, identified during the cross-sectional survey or registered at the district hospital. We enrolled three community-based controls per case, matched on the area of residence, immunization status and date of birth. Results Of the 1547 live births, there were 36 neonatal deaths due to tetanus. The NNT mortality rate in the district was 23 per 1000 live births (95% CI: 16-30). For the case-control study, we enrolled 41 cases and 123 controls. Using conditional logistic regression, the risk of NNT death was increased with the use of soil as delivery surface (O.R = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-10.2), father's illiteracy (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3-8.1) and possession of sheep at home (OR = 2, 95% CI: 1.0-5.0). The population attributable risk per cent for soil as delivery surface was 64%. Conclusion Transmission of infection while using soil as the delivery surface can occur through direct or indirect contamination of the fresh umbilical wound. Use of safer delivery practices in general and clean surfaces in particular should be encouraged to reduce the NNT mortality rate in the area. C1 WHO EPI, Polio Eradicat Program, Balochistan, Pakistan. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. Sandemen Prov Hosp, Dept Pediat, Quetta, Pakistan. RP Quddus, A (reprint author), WHO EPI, Polio Eradicat Program, Balochistan, Pakistan. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 648 EP 653 DI 10.1093/ije/31.3.648 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 562ZQ UT WOS:000176229200027 PM 12055169 ER PT J AU Cortinas, MR Guerra, MA Jones, CJ Kitron, U AF Cortinas, MR Guerra, MA Jones, CJ Kitron, U TI Detection, characterization, and prediction of tick-borne disease foci SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Potsdam Symposium on Tick-Borne Diseases CY APR 26-27, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE ticks; Spirochetes; Lyme disease; GIS; risk map; tick-borne disease ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NEW-YORK STATE; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; NORTHWESTERN ILLINOIS; SCAPULARIS ACARI; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; WESTCHESTER-COUNTY AB Tick-borne disease (TBD) transmission foci need to be characterized in space and time, and are often discontinuous on both scales. An active TBD focus is dependent on the fulfillment of three conditions: tick survival, pathogen survival and opportunities for human exposure. The essentials for tick survival include food sources, reproduction, and protection from environmental extremes. The pathogen survival kit includes sufficient densities of ticks and suitable reservoir hosts, and opportunities for transmission between them in order to maintain infection. Opportunities for human exposure depend on sufficient number of encounters between ticks and humans. Because tick foci need to be described on a range of spatial and temporal resolutions, data for such characterization include a variety of surveillance data, field and laboratory experimental data, as well as results of statistical and mathematical analysis and modeling. The application of new tools from molecular biology, geographic information systems (GIS), and satellite imagery, in conjunction with appropriate analytical methods allow for detection of unknown foci and prediction of new ones. A long-term multi-scale study of Ixodes scapularis and Lyme disease in the north-central U. S. is reviewed. Diverse surveillance methods of ticks, rodents, deer, canids and humans were coupled with environmental characterization in situ to create a habitat profile for Lyme disease ticks. Incorporating various digitized databases, a statistical model was used to develop a risk map for tick distribution in the region. The process of introduction and establishment of new tick foci along the Illinois River is described in relation to the known tick distribution and predictions of invasion based on the risk model. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, VRZB, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Cortinas, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI-36917]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50-CCU-510303] NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4221 J9 INT J MED MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Med. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 291 SU 33 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 577AW UT WOS:000177040200003 PM 12141734 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, LK Okwera, A Mugerwa, R Ridzon, R Ellner, J Onorato, I AF Fitzpatrick, LK Okwera, A Mugerwa, R Ridzon, R Ellner, J Onorato, I TI An investigation of suspected exogenous reinfection in tuberculosis patients in Kampala, Uganda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE exogenous reinfection; TB; TB relapse ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CONTAMINATION; CULTURES AB Exogenous reinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important phenomenon that occurs with unknown frequency in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons. As previous investigations suggest that exogenous reinfection can occur in both of these populations, we reviewed data for 40 cases of suspected TB relapse in an attempt to determine the frequency of this phenomenon in patients treated at the TB Research Unit in Kampala, Uganda. Our findings suggest that while this entity can occur in immunocompe tent persons, immunocompromiscd persons are probably at higher risk for exogenous reinfection with M. tuberculosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, LK (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 6 BP 550 EP 552 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 557UV UT WOS:000175927300016 PM 12068990 ER PT J AU Lackritz, EM Shaffer, N Luo, C AF Lackritz, EM Shaffer, N Luo, C TI Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in the context of a comprehensive AIDS agenda in resource-poor countries SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RECEIVING NEVIRAPINE; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; WATER; SAFE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AIDS Treatment & Care Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, NCHSTP, Global AIDS Program, HIV Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UN, Childrens Fund, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Lackritz, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Mailstop E-41,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018920.06099.79 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 574WV UT WOS:000176913400009 PM 12045683 ER PT J AU Nolan, M Fowler, MG Mofenson, LM AF Nolan, M Fowler, MG Mofenson, LM TI Antiretroviral prophylaxis of perinatal HIV-1 transmission and the potential impact of antiretroviral resistance SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE resistance; perinatal HIV transmission; antiretroviral; treatment; prevention ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1 REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; SELECTIVE VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; ZIDOVUDINE-RESISTANCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS AB Since 1994, trials of zidovudine, zidovudine and lamivudine. and nevirapine have demonstrated that these antiretroviral drugs can Substantially reduce the risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. With reductions in drug price. identification of simple, effective antiretroviral regiments to prevent perinatal HIV-1 transmission, and an increasing international commitment to support health care infrastructure, antiretrovirals for both perinatal HIV-1 prevention and HIV-1 treatment will likely become more widely available to HIV-1-infected persons in resource-limited countries. In the United States, widespread antiretroviral usage has been associated with increased antiretroviral drug resistance. This raises concern that drug resistance may reduce the effectiveness of perinatal antiretroviral prophylaxis as well as therapeutic intervention strategies. The purpose of this article is to review what is known about resistance and risk of perinatal HIV transmission, assess the interaction between antiretroviral resistance and the prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission, and discuss implications for Current global prevention and treatment strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS, Epidemiol Branch,Project RETRO CI, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Ctr Res Mothers & Children, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. RP Nolan, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Div HIV AIDS, Epidemiol Branch,Project RETRO CI, MS E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808 NR 102 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 216 EP 229 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018365.28828.5D PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 574WV UT WOS:000176913400011 PM 12045685 ER PT J AU Fowler, MG Newell, ML AF Fowler, MG Newell, ML TI Breast-feeding and HIV-1 transmission in resource-limited settings SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EARLY POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; MAJOR DETERMINANT; POOLED ANALYSIS; MILK AB In many international settins. transmission of the HIV virus during lactation accounts for one third to one half of all HIV transmission from mothers to infants. Reduction of HIV transmission during lactation is one of the most pressing, public health dilemmas confronting perinatal researchers, health policy makers, and HIV-infected women in many areas of the world. While results of clinical trials, laboratory and observational studies have increased our understanding of risk factors for breast-feeding transmission and the timing of postnatal transmission, there are no proven strategies known to reduce the risk of HIV transmission during breast-feeding for those HIV-infected women who opt to breast-feed in developing countries. Approaches to decreasing transmission of HIV through breast-feeding that will be studied include trials of combination antiretrovirals given to mothers during lactation. These research efforts using maternal antiretrovirals for perinatal HIV prevention during breast-feeding will interface with emerging plans for treatment programs in developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Maternal Child Transmiss Pediat & Adolescent Stud, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England. RP Fowler, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Maternal Child Transmiss Pediat & Adolescent Stud, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgf1@cdc.gov OI Newell, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699 NR 44 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000018364.28828.14 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 574WV UT WOS:000176913400012 PM 12045686 ER PT J AU Hu, DJ Subbarao, S Vanichseni, S Mock, AA van Griensven, F Nelson, R Nguyen, L Kitayaporn, D Young, NL Jarlais, DD Byers, R Choopanya, K Mastro, TD AF Hu, DJ Subbarao, S Vanichseni, S Mock, AA van Griensven, F Nelson, R Nguyen, L Kitayaporn, D Young, NL Jarlais, DD Byers, R Choopanya, K Mastro, TD TI Higher viral loads and other risk factors associated with HIV-1 seroconversion during a period of high incidence among injection drug users in Bangkok SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; incidence; seroconversion; viral load; temporal trends ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SUBTYPE-E; RHESUS MACAQUES; THAILAND; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; COHORT; PERSISTENT; TRANSIENT; VIREMIA AB We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of injection drug Users (IDUs) attending, methadone treatment clinics in Bangkok, Thailand, during 19951998 to characterize factors associated with a period of high incidence (PHI) from July 1996 through January 1997 compared with periods of lower incidence. Sociobehavioral characteristics were similar for all participants during and outside the PHI except for the following: there was more reported drug injection while IDUs were incarcerated during the PHI (odds ratio, 1.67; p = .02) and significantly higher proportions of persons reported heroin injection (91% vs. 75%, respectively p = .02) and higher frequencies of daily injection and sharing of injection equipment (40% vs. 25%, respectively p = .05) during, the PHI than outside the PHI. Through most of the first year after seroconversion. plasma HIV-1 loads were significantly higher in persons who seroconverted during, the PHI than in those who seroconverted outside the PHI. Higher viral loads may potentially contribute to faster disease progression and increased infectiousness or transmissibility to subsequent contacts. Our findings suggest that prevention efforts to reduce the effective size and turnover within IDU sharing, networks may have a significant impact on the epidemic by disrupting the rapid transmission of HIV-1 from recently infected, highly infectious individuals. C1 Thailand MOPH US, Minist Publ Hlth, CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHAP, HIV Vaccine Sect, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Hu, DJ (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US, Minist Publ Hlth, CDC Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000014770.35851.44 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 574WV UT WOS:000176913400013 PM 12045687 ER PT J AU Nguyen, L Hu, DJ Choopanya, K Vanichseni, S Kitayaporn, D van Griensven, F Mock, PA Kittikraisak, W Young, NL Mastro, TD Subbarao, S AF Nguyen, L Hu, DJ Choopanya, K Vanichseni, S Kitayaporn, D van Griensven, F Mock, PA Kittikraisak, W Young, NL Mastro, TD Subbarao, S TI Genetic analysis of incident HIV-1 strains among injection drug users in Bangkok: Evidence for multiple transmission clusters during a period of high incidence SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; injection drug user (IDU); incidence; Thailand; transmission networks ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE-E; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; THAILAND; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; TUBERCULOSIS; COMMUNITY AB During 1995-1996, 1,209 HIV-1-negative injection drug users (IDUs) attending methadone treatment clinics operated by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration in Banokok, Thailand, were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Through 1998, 133 of these IDUs had seroconverted to HIV-1: 130 of these seroconverters were included in this Study. HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B strains accounted for 79% and 21% of the incident infections, respectively. To examine phylogenetic relationships among these incident HIV-1 strains, we used several phylolgenetic inference methodologies to analyze the em, (C2-V4) sequences in blood samples collected soon after seroconversion. These analyses consistently revealed eight phylogenetic clusters comprising 21 incident strains (bootstrap method, >80%; six CRF01_AE and two subtype B clusters). Two factors were found to be associated with the eight clusters. The first factor was temporal: seven of the eight clusters comprised 17 sequences from IDUs whose estimated dates of seroconversion were within a period of high incidence from July 1996 through January 1997. The second factor was a possible geographic association: four clusters were observed among IDUs who had attended the same methadone treatment clinics. These phylogenetic Clusters likely represent subgroups within larger HIV transmission networks among IDUs in Bangkok. Despite prevention efforts, the incidence of HIV-1 infection among the Bangkok IDU population continues to be hi-h. A better understanding of transmission networks and factors associated with such networks can help guide prevention efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Subbarao, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Mailstop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000014769.35851.92 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 574WV UT WOS:000176913400014 PM 12045688 ER PT J AU Hrubec, TC Whichard, JM Larsen, CT Pierson, FW AF Hrubec, TC Whichard, JM Larsen, CT Pierson, FW TI Plasma versus serum: Specific differences in biochemical analyte values SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE clinical chemistry; plasma; serum; blood; avian; chicken ID CHEMISTRY; BLOOD AB After blood is removed from an animal, the biochemical parameters begin to change immediately. To ensure that results of laboratory tests accurately reflect the true physiologic or pathologic state of an individual, care must be taken to minimize such artifactual changes. It is commonly thought that delayed centrifugation of avian blood may affect analyte values; however, there have been few studies documenting changes. Likewise, the occurrence of changes in blood analyte values during preparation of a standard serum sample has not been investigated formally. This study was conducted to document the differences between analyte values in plasma and serum processed using common standardized protocols. Paired plasma and serum samples were collected from chickens. Plasma samples were kept on ice and centrifuged immediately, and serum samples were allowed to clot at room temperature for 90 minutes and then were centrifuged. The paired plasma and serum samples were simultaneously analyzed for standard biochemical analytes. Significant differences between plasma and serum values were noted for 10 out of the 17 analytes determined. Briefly, serum values for albumin, albumin-globulin ratio, and potassium were much lower than corresponding values for plasma, and the serum chloride concentration was slightly lower than the plasma chloride value. The serum globulin mean concentration was almost 3 times the value for plasma, and serum values for creatine phosphokinase, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were higher than their plasma counterparts. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIID, DBMD, FDDB, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hrubec, TC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1647/1082-6742(2002)016[0101:PVSSDI]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 594VL UT WOS:000178072100002 ER PT J AU Mohammed, MJ Marston, CK Popovic, T Weyant, RS Tenover, FC AF Mohammed, MJ Marston, CK Popovic, T Weyant, RS Tenover, FC TI Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Bacillus anthracis: Comparison of results obtained by using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution reference and etest agar gradient diffusion methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTERRORISM; INFECTIONS; RESISTANT; AGENTS AB We determined the patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility of 65 isolates of Bacillus anthracis (50 historical and 15 recent U.S. clinical isolates) to nine antimicrobial agents using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution reference method. The results for the 50 historical B. anthracis isolates obtained by the broth microdilution method were compared to those generated by the Etest agar gradient diffusion method. One isolate of B. anthracis was beta-lactamase positive and resistant to penicillin (MIC, 128 mug/ml); a second isolate, which was beta-lactamase negative, was borderline penicillin resistant, with the penicillin MICs for the isolate varying from 0.12 to 0.25 mug/ml; and the remainder of the isolates were P-lactamase negative and penicillin susceptible (MICs, less than or equal to0.12 mug/ml). Approximately 78% of the isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MICs, greater than or equal to16 mug/ml). All B. anthracis isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (MICs, less than or equal to 8 mug/ml), ciprofloxacin (MICs, less than or equal to 1 mug/ml), clindamycin (MICs, less than or equal to 0.5 mug/ml), rifampin (MICs, less than or equal to 50.5 mug/ml), tetracycline (MICs, less than or equal to 0.06 mug/ml), and vancomycin (MICs, less than or equal to 2 mug/ml) by use of NCCLS breakpoints for staphylococci. All 15 recent B. anthracis isolates from the United States were susceptible to penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. By use of the susceptibility breakpoint for staphylococci of less than or equal to 0.5 mug/ml, 97% of the B. anthracis isolates tested would have been categorized as intermediate to erythromycin. No statistically significant difference was found between the results of broth microdilution testing and the results of the Etest method for any of the antimicrobial agents tested; however, the results for penicillin obtained by the Etest were 1 to 9 dilutions lower than those obtained by the broth microdilution method. The differences in the penicillin MICs by the Etest method and the difficulties of reading the Etest results through the glass of a biological safety cabinet may limit the utility of this alternate susceptibility testing method for B. anthracis isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1902 EP 1907 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.6.1902-1907.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 561TR UT WOS:000176159200003 PM 12037041 ER PT J AU Espy, MJ Cockerill, FR Meyer, RF Bowen, MD Poland, GA Hadfield, TL Smith, TF AF Espy, MJ Cockerill, FR Meyer, RF Bowen, MD Poland, GA Hadfield, TL Smith, TF TI Detection of smallpox virus DNA by LightCycler PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTERRORISM; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; THREAT; DIFFERENTIATION; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; TERRORISM AB A 300-bp plasmid fragment of the hemagglutinin gene was used as target DNA to develop a rapid real-time LightCycler (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Ind.) PCR assay for laboratory detection of smallpox virus. PCR primers and probes were designed specifically for detection of smallpox virus DNA, but all viruses of the genus Orthopoxvirus tested could be detected by use of the hemagglutinin gene target sequence. Base pair mismatches in the 204-bp amplicon allowed discrimination of cowpox virus (melting temperature [T-m], 56.40degreesC), monkeypox virus (T-m, 56.24degreesC), and vaccinia virus (T-m, 56.72degreesC), including the Dryvax vaccine strain, from smallpox virus (T-m, 62.45degreesC) by melting curve analysis. The analytical sensitivity was 5 to 10 copies of target DNA per sample. The assay was specific for members of the genus Orthopoxvirus; the DNAs of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus were not detected by the smallpox virus LightCycler PCR. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Div Gen Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Smith, TF (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 31 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1985 EP 1988 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.6.1985-1988.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 561TR UT WOS:000176159200014 PM 12037052 ER PT J AU Hunt, AR Hall, RA Kerst, AJ Nasci, RS Savage, HM Panella, NA Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Roehrig, JT AF Hunt, AR Hall, RA Kerst, AJ Nasci, RS Savage, HM Panella, NA Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Roehrig, JT TI Detection of West Nile virus antigen in mosquitoes and avian tissues by a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; RAPID DETECTION; KUNJIN; POOLS; IDENTIFICATION; EIA AB An antigen capture immunoassay to detect West Nile (WN) virus antigen in infected mosquitoes and avian tissues has been developed. With this assay purified WN virus was detected at a concentration of 32 pg/0.1 ml, and antigen in infected suckling mouse brain and laboratory-infected mosquito pools could be detected when the WN virus titer was 10(2.1) to 10(3.7) PFU/0.1 ml. In a blindly coded set of field-collected mosquito pools (n = 100), this assay detected WN virus antigen in 12 of 18 (66.7%) TaqMan-positive pools, whereas traditional reverse transcriptase PCR detected 10 of 18 (55.5%) positive pools. A sample set of 73 organ homogenates from naturally infected American crows was also examined by WN virus antigen capture immunoassay and TaqMan for the presence of WN virus. The antigen capture assay detected antigen in 30 of 34 (88.2%) TaqMan-positive tissues. Based upon a TaqMan-generated standard curve of infectious WN virus, the limit of detection in the antigen capture assay for avian tissue homogenates was approximately 10(3) PFU/0.1 ml. The recommended WN virus antigen capture protocol, which includes a capture assay followed by a confirmatory inhibition assay used to retest presumptive positive samples, could distinguish between the closely related WN and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in virus-infected mosquito pools and avian tissues. Therefore, this immunoassay demonstrates adequate sensitivity and specificity for surveillance of WN virus activity in mosquito vectors and avian hosts, and, in addition, it is easy to perform and relatively inexpensive compared with the TaqMan assay. C1 US DHHS, CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Hunt, AR (reprint author), US DHHS, CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2023 EP 2030 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2023-2030.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 561TR UT WOS:000176159200020 PM 12037058 ER PT J AU Vareckova, E Cox, N Klimov, A AF Vareckova, E Cox, N Klimov, A TI Evaluation of the subtype specificity of monoclonal antibodies raised against H1 and H3 subtypes of human influenza A virus hemagglutinins SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; H9N2; HA1 AB Three previously described monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for influenza A(HI) hemagglutinins (HA) revealed high sensitivity (98.2 to 99.1%) and specificity (100%) when tested against 245 strains of different subtypes. One of them was included in the World Health Organization's influenza reagent kit for 2001 to 2002. In contrast, two MAbs raised against human influenza A(H3) HA revealed cross-reactivity with viruses of other subtypes. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Bratislava 84245, Slovakia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vareckova, E (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Virol, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84245, Slovakia. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2220 EP 2223 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2220-2223.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 561TR UT WOS:000176159200053 PM 12037091 ER PT J AU Bello, D Streicher, RP Woskie, SR AF Bello, D Streicher, RP Woskie, SR TI Evaluation of the NIOSH draft method 5525 for determination of the total reactive isocyanate group (TRIG) for aliphatic isocyanates in autobody repair shops SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SPRAY-PAINTING OPERATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; AIRBORNE ISOCYANATES; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; DIBUTYLAMINE DERIVATIVES; HEXAMETHYLENE-DIISOCYANATE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOLUENE-DIISOCYANATE; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; SOLID SAMPLER AB This paper evaluates the performance of the NIOSH draft method 5525 for analysis of monomeric and TRIG aliphatic isocyanates in autobody repair shops. It was found that an optimized pH gradient enhanced noticeably the resolution and, therefore, identification of aliphatic isocyanates. Samples proved to be very stable for at least a year when stored at -13 degreesC in the freezer, and no major stability problems were found for the MAP reagent. The detector response factor RSD for selected MAP ureas was 40% in the fluorescence (FLD), 3% in the UV at 254 nm (UV254), and 1% in the UV at 370 nm (UV370). The mean FLD/UV254 and UV254/UV370 detector response ratios of standards were 31.7 (RSD = 37.8) and 17.1 (RSD = 5.4), respectively. The FLD/UV254 ratio in bulks varied from 0.41 to 1.97 times the HDI monomer ratio. The mean UV254/UV370 ratio in bulks was 16.1 (range 14.1 to 19.2, N = 38): Mean (range) recovery of 92 (91.2-93.2)% was found for the N3300 (isocyanurate) spiked on 25 mm quartz fiber filters in the range 0.07 to 2.2 mug NCO ml(-1). Mean (range) recovery for impingers was 100.7 (91.7-106.0)% for N3300 in the concentration range of 0.018 to 2.5 mug NCO ml(-1) and 81.0 (76.1-89.1)% for IPDI in the concentration range of 0.016 to 1.87 mug NCO ml(-1). Analytical method precision was 3.4% and mean bias 7.4% (range = 0-25%). The NIOSH draft method 5525 provides flexibility, enhanced sensitivity and specificity, powerful resolution, and very small compound-to-compound variability in the UV254, resulting in a more reliable identification and quantification of aliphatic isocyanates. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bello, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Work Environm, 1 Univ Av, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. FU PHS HHS [R010H03457] NR 50 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1039/b110613a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 565YC UT WOS:000176397000004 PM 12094928 ER PT J AU Mayer, LW Reeves, MW Al-Hamdan, N Sacchi, CT Taha, MK Ajello, GW Schmink, SE Noble, CA Tondella, MLC Whitney, AM Al-Mazrou, Y Al-Jefri, M Mishkhis, A Sabban, S Caugant, DA Lingappa, J Rosenstein, NE Popovic, T AF Mayer, LW Reeves, MW Al-Hamdan, N Sacchi, CT Taha, MK Ajello, GW Schmink, SE Noble, CA Tondella, MLC Whitney, AM Al-Mazrou, Y Al-Jefri, M Mishkhis, A Sabban, S Caugant, DA Lingappa, J Rosenstein, NE Popovic, T TI Outbreak of W135 meningococcal disease in 2000: Not emergence of a new W135 strain but clonal expansion within the electrophoretic type-37 complex SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-B; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; ET-37 COMPLEX; UNITED-STATES; GROUP-C; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; POPULATION-GENETICS; HAJJ PILGRIMS; GROUP-A AB In 2000,. 400 cases of disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 (MenW135), the largest MenW135 outbreak reported to date, occurred worldwide among Hajj pilgrims and their contacts. To elucidate the origin of the outbreak strains and to investigate their relatedness to major clonal groups, genotypic and phenotypic subtyping was performed on 26 MenW135 outbreak-associated isolates and 50 MenW135 isolates collected worldwide from 1970 through 2000. All outbreak-associated isolates were members of a single clone of the hypervirulent electrophoretic type (ET)-37 complex, designated the "(W)ET-37 clone"; 19 additional MenW135 strains were also members of this clone, and the remaining 31 MenW135 strains were clearly distinct. The 2000 MenW135 outbreak was not caused by emergence of a new MenW135 strain but rather by expansion of the (W) ET-37 clone that has been in circulation at least since 1970; the strains most closely related to those causing the 2000 outbreak have been isolated in Algeria, Mali, and The Gambia in the 1990s. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Pasteur, Meningococcal Reference Ctr, Paris, France. Inst Pasteur, Neisseria Unit, Paris, France. Minist Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Minist Hlth, Parasit & Infect Dis Dept, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Dept Primary Hlth Care, Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Meningococci, Oslo, Norway. RP Mayer, LW (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D-11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 152 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 11 BP 1596 EP 1605 DI 10.1086/340414 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 556LK UT WOS:000175850800007 PM 12023765 ER PT J AU Peret, TCT Boivin, G Li, Y Couillard, M Humphrey, C Osterhaus, ADME Erdman, DD Anderson, LJ AF Peret, TCT Boivin, G Li, Y Couillard, M Humphrey, C Osterhaus, ADME Erdman, DD Anderson, LJ TI Characterization of human metapneumoviruses isolated from patients in north America SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was recently identified in The Netherlands and was linked to acute respiratory tract illness. In this study, 11 isolates from 10 patients with respiratory disease from Quebec, Canada, were tested by a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction based on the fusion protein gene. Identified sequences were consistent with HMPV. The patients were 2 months to 87 years of age (median age, 58 years) and presented with acute respiratory tract illness during the winter season. Sequence studies of the nucleocapsid, fusion, and polymerase genes identified 2 main lineages of HMPV and cocirculation of both lineages during the same year. These findings support a previous finding that HMPV is a human respiratory pathogen that merits further study. C1 CDCP, Resp Virus Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Quebec Univ Hosp Ctr, Res Ctr Infect Dis, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Microbiol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Natl Publ Hlth Inst Quebec, Quebec Publ Hlth Lab, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Virol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Virus Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 264 Z9 295 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 11 BP 1660 EP 1663 DI 10.1086/340518 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 556LK UT WOS:000175850800016 PM 12023774 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO AF Gostin, LO TI Public health law: A renaissance SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, CDC Collaborating Ctr Promoting Hlth Law, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, CDC Collaborating Ctr Promoting Hlth Law, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Gostin, LO (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, CDC Collaborating Ctr Promoting Hlth Law, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00379.x PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 559VV UT WOS:000176047200001 PM 12066591 ER PT J AU Horton, HH Misrahi, JJ Matthews, GW Kocher, PL AF Horton, HH Misrahi, JJ Matthews, GW Kocher, PL TI Critical biological agents: Disease reporting as a tool for determining bioterrorism preparedness SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article AB Disease reporting is a key element in preparing the nation to respond to a potential bioterrorist event. Prior to September 11, in order to assess this aspect of bioterrorism preparedness, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a study of state and local laws requiring the reporting of diseases caused by specific biological agents. The findings of this study suggest that states and localities would benefit from examining their existing disease reporting laws in light of bioterrorism concerns. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Div, Off Gen Councel, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Horton, HH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 262 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00392.x PG 6 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 559VV UT WOS:000176047200014 PM 12066603 ER PT J AU Henkel, RD McClure, HM Krug, P Katz, D Hilliard, JK AF Henkel, RD McClure, HM Krug, P Katz, D Hilliard, JK TI Serological evidence of alpha herpesvirus infection in sooty mangabeys SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha herpesvirus; mangabeys ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CERCOCEBUS-ATYS; MONKEYS; RETROVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; EVOLUTION; PRIMATES; BABOONS; AIDS; SIV AB Contact between sooty mangabeys (SMs) and a pigtailed macaque prompted the serological screening of SMs for evidence of infection with B virus. Serological tests detected SM antibodies that reacted with B virus polypeptides. Additional testing was performed with sera from SMs with no previous contact with macaques. Results from these tests indicated that 56% (33/59) of the SMs had antibodies that reacted with B virus and SA8. SM antibodies also reacted with herpesvirus papio 2 and to a lesser extent with human alpha herpesviruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2). There was an age-related increase in the presence of these antibodies in SMs that was consistent with the serological pattern of reactivity observed in other nonhuman primate species infected with alpha herpesviruses, These data suggest that SMs may be a host for a herpesvirus that is antigenically similar to those viruses present in other Old World nonhuman primates. C1 Georgia State Univ, Viral Immunol Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Henkel, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165, RR05062] NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0684.2002.01033.x PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 570UK UT WOS:000176676500002 PM 12190852 ER PT J AU Wortley, PM Caraballo, RS Pederson, LL Pechacek, TF AF Wortley, PM Caraballo, RS Pederson, LL Pechacek, TF TI Exposure to secondhand smoke in the workplace: Serum cotinine by occupation SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; HEALTH; POPULATION AB To examine workplace exposure to secondhand smoke by occupation, we analyzed data from The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988 to 1994), a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population. The analysis was restricted to 4952 employed nonsmoking adults who reported no home exposure to cigarette smoke. Occupations were assigned to 40 groups and 7 categories. Among the categories, geometric mean serum cotinine (ng/mL) ranged from 0.09 for farminng/forestry/fishing occupations to 0.22 for operators/fabricators/laborers (median, 0.16). The lowest values were observed among farmers and nursery workers (0.06) and the highest among waiters (0.47). Between 1988 to 1991 and 1991 to 1994, the overall geometric mean cotinine and the Proportion reporting that they could smell smoke at work decreased significantly. In conclusion, workplace exposure to secondhand smoke varied by occupation, and decreases in exposure occurred between 1988 to 1991 and 1991 to 1994. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Office Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wortley, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Office Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 6 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1097/00043764-200206000-00010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 563QN UT WOS:000176267200010 PM 12085475 ER PT J AU Averhoff, FM Moyer, LA Woodruff, BA Deladisma, AM Nunnery, J Alter, MJ Margolis, HS AF Averhoff, FM Moyer, LA Woodruff, BA Deladisma, AM Nunnery, J Alter, MJ Margolis, HS TI Occupational exposures and risk of hepatitis B virus infection among public safety workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; MARKERS; POLICE; BLOOD AB We conducted a questionnaire and seroprevalence survey to determine the frequency and type of occupational exposures (OEs) and the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection experienced by public safety workers (PSWs). Of the 2910 PSWs who completed the survey, 6.8% reported at least one OE in the previous 6 months, including needlestick (1.0%), being cut with a contaminated object (2.8%), mucous membrane exposure to blood (0.9%), and being bitten by a human (3.5%). The rate of OE varied by occupation with 2.7% of firefighters, 3.2% of sheriff officers, 6.6% of corrections officers, and 7.4% of police officers reporting greater than or equal to 1 OE (P < 0.001). The HBV infection prevalence was 8.6%, and after adjustment for age and race, it was comparable to the overall US prevalence and did not vary by occupation. By multivariate analysis, HBV infection was not associated with any OEs, but it was associated with older age, being nonwhite, and a previous history of a sexually transmitted disease. This study demonstrated that although OEs are not uncommon among PSWs, HBV infection was more likely to be associated with nonoccupational risk factors. Administration of hepatitis B vaccine to PSWs early in their careers will prevent HBV infection associated with occupational and non-OEs. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Res & Reference, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Averhoff, FM (reprint author), CDC, Amer Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8129 CDC, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 6 BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1097/00043764-200206000-00024 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 563QN UT WOS:000176267200023 PM 12085488 ER PT J AU Shipley-Benamou, R Lutzker, JR Taubman, M AF Shipley-Benamou, R Lutzker, JR Taubman, M TI Teaching daily living skills to children with autism through instructional video modeling SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; TIME-DELAY; SELF; INTERVENTIONS; RECOGNITION; STUDENTS; ADULT AB Research on video modeling has typically utilized either competent peer models or self-models engaging in criterion performances. Although both methods have demonstrated utility in achieving skill acquisition, each has potential disadvantages. The current research utilized a multiple probe design across tasks and replicated across participants in order to demonstrate the efficacy of an instructional video modeling technique to teach functional living skills to three children with autism. Five tasks were selected. Prior to the development of each training video, task analyses were created. Videotapes were developed from the participant's viewing perspective, that is, as the participant would be viewing the task. Instructional video modeling was effective in promoting skill acquisition across all three children and maintained during the postvideo phase and a 1-month follow up. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shipley-Benamou, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 51 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 16 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA SN 1098-3007 J9 J POSIT BEHAV INTERV JI J. Posit. Behav. Interv. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 165 EP + PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research GA 638LW UT WOS:000180573300005 ER PT J AU Bachman, R Saltzman, LE Thompson, MP Carmody, DC AF Bachman, R Saltzman, LE Thompson, MP Carmody, DC TI Disentangling the effects of self-protective behaviors on the risk of injury in assaults against women SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE CRIMINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE resistance; violence; injury ID RESISTANCE STRATEGIES; RAPE AB Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey, this paper attempts to disentangle the effects of self-protective behaviors on the risk of injury in assaults against women. Unlike previous research, in this study we address simultaneously three important conceptual and methodological issues: (1) type of self-protective behavior, (2) temporal sequencing of self-protective behavior in relation to injury, and (3) the victim/offender relationship. Results indicate that even after controlling for other contextual characteristics of an assault, the probability of a woman being injured was lowest when she employed non-physical resistance strategies such as arguing or reasoning with the offender. This was true for all types of offenders. However, for assaults involving intimates, the probability of injury was increased for women who physically resisted their attackers. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Sociol & Criminal Justice, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Sociol & Criminal Justice, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Bachman, R (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Sociol & Criminal Justice, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0748-4518 J9 J QUANT CRIMINOL JI J. Quant. Criminol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 135 EP 157 DI 10.1023/A:1015254631767 PG 23 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 549PZ UT WOS:000175454600002 ER PT J AU Gray, SL LaCroix, AZ Blough, D Wagner, EH Koepsell, TD Buchner, D AF Gray, SL LaCroix, AZ Blough, D Wagner, EH Koepsell, TD Buchner, D TI Is the use of benzodiazepines associated with incident disability? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE benzodiazepines; activities of daily living; disability; adverse event ID ELIMINATION HALF-LIFE; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; OLDER-PEOPLE; RISK-FACTORS; COMMUNITY; PREVALENCE; FRACTURES; DECLINE; ADULTS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between benzodiazepine use and incident disability with an emphasis on elucidating whether the underlying health conditions that result in benzodiazepine use (confounding factors) or intrinsic adverse effects of benzodiazepine use were responsible for functional decline. DESIGN: Cohort study with follow-up of 4 to 5 years. SETTING: A health maintenance organization (HMO) in western Washington. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older from a random sample of I-MO enrollees who participated in a health promotion intervention trial (n = 1,519). MEASUREMENTS: Benzodiazepine use was ascertained from computerized pharmacy records. Self-reported functional status was assessed using a six-item physical function scale ranging from vigorous activity to self-care activities of daily living (ADLs). Two outcomes were examined: decline in overall physical function and limitations in self-care ADLs. Multivariate models were examined that included demographic characteristics, health status, and health behaviors that were likely to be confounders. Several analyses were conducted to examine whether benzodiazepine use or confounding factors were responsible for functional decline. RESULTS: Benzodiazepine use was significantly associated with incident loss of physical function (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.02-2.24) in the fully adjusted model. Although use of benzodiazepines was associated with limitations in ADLs, it was not significant when adjusting for other factors (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.87-3.34). Several of our findings suggest that the health conditions leading to benzodiazepine use may partly or fully explain these associations: (1) use of anxiolytic benzodiazepines (HR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.24-3.07), but not hypnotic agents (HR = 1,21, 95% Cl = 0.73-2.00), was associated with functional decline; (2) adjustment for health status variables minimized these associations; and (3) there was little evidence of dose response. CONCLUSIONS: A modestly increased risk for decline in physical function was associated with benzodiazepine use, especially of anxiolytic agents. The health conditions that result in benzodiazepine use may be more important in the pathogenesis of disability than benzodiazepine use itself. Although there are man), reasons for avoiding benzodiazepines in older adults, it is Still unclear whether use contributes independently to functional decline. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Hlth Sci Ctr H361D, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, MacColl Inst Healthcare Innovat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gray, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Hlth Sci Ctr H361D, Box 357630, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [K08 AG 00808-01, K08 AG000808, K08 AG000808-02] NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1012 EP 1018 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50254.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 565EA UT WOS:000176354900004 PM 12110059 ER PT J AU Hoehner, CM Greenlund, KJ Rith-Najarian, S Casper, ML McClellan, WM AF Hoehner, CM Greenlund, KJ Rith-Najarian, S Casper, ML McClellan, WM TI Association of the insulin resistance syndrome and microalbuminuria among nondiabetic Native Americans. The Inter-Tribal Heart Project SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; ALBUMIN EXCRETION RATE; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DISEASE; NIDDM; NEPHROPATHY; PREDICTS; DYSLIPIDEMIA AB This study investigated the association between microalbuminuria and the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) among nondiabetic Native Americans. In a cross-sectional survey. age-stratified random samples were drawn from the Indian Health Service clinic lists for one Menominee and two Chippewa reservations. Information was collected from physical examinations. personal interviews. and blood and urine samples. The urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured using a random spot urine sample. The IRS was defined by the number of composite traits: hypertension, impaired fasting glucose (IFG). high fasting insulin, low HDL cholesterol. and hypertriglyceridemia. Among the 934 eligible nondiabetic participants. 15.2% exhibited microalbuminuria. The prevalence of one. two. and three or more traits was 27.0, 16.6 and 7.4%. respectively. After controlling for age. sex, smoking, body mass index. education. and family histories of diabetes and kidney disease, the odds ratio (OR) for microalbuminuria was 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]. 1.1 to 2.8) for one IRS trait, 1.8 (95% Cl. 1.0 to 3,2) for two traits, and 2.3 (95% Cl. 1.1 to 4.9) for three or more traits (versus no traits), The pattern of association appeared weaker among A omen compared with men. Of the individual IRS traits, only hypertension and IFG were associated with microalbuminuria. Among these nondiabetic Native Americans. the IRS was associated with a twofold increased prevalence of microalbuminuria. Health promotion efforts should focus on lowering the prevalence of hypertension. as well as glucose intolerance and obesity. in this population at high risk for renal and cardiovascular disease. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Bemidji Area Indian Hlth Serv, Bemidji, MN USA. RP McClellan, WM (reprint author), 57 Executive Park S,NE,Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 46 TC 80 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 AR UNSP 1046-6673/1306-1626 DI 10.1097/01.ASN.0000015762.92814.85 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 557PW UT WOS:000175917800023 PM 12039992 ER PT J AU Gotway, CA Young, LJ AF Gotway, CA Young, LJ TI Combining incompatible spatial data SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE change of support; data assimilation; ecological inference; modifiable areal unit problem; multiscale processes; spatially-misaligned data ID SMOOTH PYCNOPHYLACTIC INTERPOLATION; AREAL UNIT PROBLEM; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; ECOLOGICAL FALLACY; POISSON REGRESSION; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; WEIGHTING VALUES; FRACTAL GEOMETRY; DATA AGGREGATION AB Global positioning systems (GPSs) and geographical information systems (GISs) have been widely used to collect and synthesize spatial data from a variety of sources, New advances in satellite imagery and remote sensing now permit scientists to access spatial data at several different resolutions. The Internet facilitates fast and easy data acquisition. In any one study, several different types of data may be collected at differing scales and resolutions, at different spatial locations, and in different dimensions. Many statistical issues are associated with combining such data for modeling and inference, This article gives an overview of these issues and the approaches for integrating such disparate data, drawing on work from geography, ecology, agriculture, geology, and statistics. Emphasis is on state-of-the-art statistical solutions to this complex and important problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gotway, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdg7@cd.gov; ljyoung@uninotes.unl.edu NR 140 TC 249 Z9 254 U1 9 U2 69 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0162-1459 EI 1537-274X J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 97 IS 458 BP 632 EP 648 DI 10.1198/016214502760047140 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 560JE UT WOS:000176078300028 ER PT J AU Amara, RR Smith, JM Staprans, SI Montefiori, DC Villinger, F Altman, JD O'Neil, SP Kozyr, NL Xu, Y Wyatt, LS Earl, PL Herndon, JG McNicholl, JM McClure, HM Moss, B Robinson, HL AF Amara, RR Smith, JM Staprans, SI Montefiori, DC Villinger, F Altman, JD O'Neil, SP Kozyr, NL Xu, Y Wyatt, LS Earl, PL Herndon, JG McNicholl, JM McClure, HM Moss, B Robinson, HL TI Critical role for Env as well as Gag-Pol in control of a simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P challenge by a DNA prime/recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; T-CELL DEPLETION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; MACAQUES; AIDS; INFECTION; ENVELOPE; PREVENTION; INDUCTION AB Cellular immune responses against epitopes in conserved Gag and Pol sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have become popular targets for candidate AIDS vaccines. Recently, we used a simian-human immunodeficiency virus model (SHIV 89.6P) with macaques to demonstrate the control of a pathogenic mucosal challenge by priming with Gag-Pol-Env-expressing DNA and boosting with Gag-Pol-Env-expressing recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA). Here we tested Gag-Pol DNA priming and Gag-Pol rMVA boosting to evaluate the contribution of anti-Env immune responses to viral control. The Gag-Pol vaccine raised frequencies of Gag-specific T cells similar to those raised by the Gag-Pol-Env vaccine. Following challenge, these rapidly expanded to counter the challenge infection. Despite this, the control of the SHIV 89.6P challenge was delayed and inconsistent in the Gag-Pol-vaccinated group and all of the animals underwent severe and, in most cases, sustained loss of CD4(+) cells. Interestingly, most of the CD4(+) cells that were lost in the Gag-Pol-vaccinated group were uninfected cells. We suggest that the rapid appearance of binding antibody for Env in Gag-Pol-Env-vaccinated animals helped protect uninfected CD4(+) cells from Env-induced apoptosis. Our results highlight the importance of immune responses to Env, as well as to Gag-Pol, in the control of immunodeficiency virus challenges and the protection of CD4(+) cells. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. RP Robinson, HL (reprint author), 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000165, P51 RR00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 85343, P01 AI 43045, P01 AI043045]; NIDA NIH HHS [P30 DA 12121] NR 23 TC 136 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 12 BP 6138 EP 6146 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.12.6138-6146.2002 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 557MK UT WOS:000175912200031 PM 12021347 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Sniezek, JE Helmick, CG AF Hootman, JM Sniezek, JE Helmick, CG TI Women and arthritis: Burden, impact, and prevention programs SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT; PREVALENCE; WORK AB Objectives: To characterize the public health burden and impact of arthritis among women, document the growing interest in addressing arthritis as a public health problem, and review new national (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]) and state arthritis programs. Results: Arthritis and other rheumatic diseases are a major public health problem, affecting nearly 27 million women in 1997 and accounting for 23.9 million ambulatory medical care visits and 451,000 hospitalizations among women in that year. Arthritis is also the leading cause of disability and is associated with considerable functional limitations. The 1999 National Arthritis Action Plan: A Public Health Strategy prompted first-time congressional funding to the CDC to monitor the burden of arthritis and to establish state arthritis prevention programs through cooperative agreements. The CDCs Arthritis Program also used this funding to build the public health science base, develop national health communications campaigns, foster partnerships, and initiate health systems change. Conclusions: Arthritis in general and selected types, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE), and fibromyalgia, disproportionately affect women. The CDC, state health departments, and their partners are working toward improving the quality of life for women affected by arthritis. Effective, evidence-based interventions, such as self-management education and physical activity programs, are currently available and can reduce pain, improve function, and delay disability, but they remain underused. Future research should focus on improving earlier diagnosis and increasing access to effective interventions. C1 CDCP, Arthrit Program, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Arthrit Program, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pre, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 5 BP 407 EP 416 DI 10.1089/15246090260137572 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 573JB UT WOS:000176825000001 PM 12173574 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Hemachudha, T AF Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Hemachudha, T TI Rabies re-examined SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; LYSSAVIRUS INFECTION; BAT POPULATIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; VIRUS; PREVENTION; VACCINATION; DOGS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Rabies is an acute, progressive, incurable viral encephalitis. The causative agents are neurotropic RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus. Mammalian reservoirs include the Carnivora and Chiroptera, but rabid dogs still pose the greatest hazard worldwide. Viral transmission occurs mainly via animal bite, and once the virus is deposited in peripheral wounds, centripetal passage occurs towards the central nervous system. After viral replication, there is centrifugal spread to major exit portals, the salivary glands. The epidemiological significance of any host "carrier" state remains highly speculative. Although incubation periods average 1-3 months, disease occurrence days or years after exposure has been documented. Rabies should be suspected in patients with a concomitant history of animal bite and traditional clinical presentation, but a lack of such clues makes antemortem diagnosis a challenge. Pathogenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood, and current care entails palliative measures only. Current medical emphasis relies heavily on prevention of exposure and intervention before clinical onset. Prophylaxis encompasses thorough wound treatment, vaccine administration, and inoculation of rabies immunoglobulin. Although it is a major zoonosis, canine rabies can be eliminated, and application of new vaccine technologies permits significant disease control among wildlife species. Nevertheless, despite much technical progress in the past century, rabies is a disease of neglect and presents a modern public-health conundrum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Rabies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 98 TC 235 Z9 250 U1 10 U2 65 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP 327 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00287-6 PG 17 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 561XD UT WOS:000176167600017 PM 12144896 ER PT J AU Hemachudha, T Laothamatas, J Rupprecht, CE AF Hemachudha, T Laothamatas, J Rupprecht, CE TI Human rabies: a disease of complex neuropathogenetic mechanisms and diagnostic challenges SO LANCET NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LONG INCUBATION PERIOD; PARALYTIC RABIES; BAT RABIES; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; VIRAL-ANTIGEN; UNITED-STATES; LYSSAVIRUS AB Rabies is inevitably fatal and presents a horrifying clinical picture. Human rabies can manifest in either encephalitic (furious) or paralytic (dumb) forms. The brainstem is preferentially involved in both clinical forms, though there are no clinical signs of brainstem dysfunction. Differences in tropism at the inoculation site or the CNS, in the route of spread, or in the triggering of immune cascades in the brainstem may account for clinical variation. Rabies still poses diagnostic problems, particularly the paralytic form, which closely resembles Guillain-Barre syndrome, or when a patient is comatose and cardinal signs may be lacking. Molecular methods allow reliable detection of rabies-virus RNA in biological fluids or tissue before death. Deviations from the recommendations on prophylaxis of the World Health Organization lead to unnecessary loss of life. To date, attempts to treat human rabies have been unsuccessful. C1 Chulalongkorn Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Ramathibodi Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hemachudha, T (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Div Neurol, Rama 4 Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. NR 86 TC 157 Z9 171 U1 3 U2 26 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1474-4422 J9 LANCET NEUROL JI Lancet Neurol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00041-8 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 588HA UT WOS:000177695000018 PM 12849514 ER PT J AU Ryan, JR Dave, K Collins, KM Hochberg, L Sattabongkot, J Coleman, RE Dunton, RF Bangs, MJ Mbogo, CM Cooper, RD Schoeler, GB Rubio-Palis, Y Magris, M Romero, LI Padilla, N Quakyi, IA Bigoga, J Leke, RG Akinpelu, O Evans, B Walsey, M Patterson, P Wirtz, RA Chan, AST AF Ryan, JR Dave, K Collins, KM Hochberg, L Sattabongkot, J Coleman, RE Dunton, RF Bangs, MJ Mbogo, CM Cooper, RD Schoeler, GB Rubio-Palis, Y Magris, M Romero, LI Padilla, N Quakyi, IA Bigoga, J Leke, RG Akinpelu, O Evans, B Walsey, M Patterson, P Wirtz, RA Chan, AST TI Extensive multiple test centre evaluation of the VecTest(TM) malaria antigen panel assay SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; Plasmodium falciparum; P. vivax variants 210 and 247; circumsporozoite protein; dipstick assay; malaria sporozoite; malaria vectors; multicentre study; rapid detection; wicking assay ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SPOROZOITES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MOSQUITOS; FALCIPARUM AB To determine which species and populations of Anopheles transmit malaria in any given situation, immunological assays for malaria sporozoite antigen can replace traditional microscopical examination of freshly dissected Anopheles. We developed a wicking assay for use with mosquitoes that identifies the presence or absence of specific peptide epitopes of circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum and two strains of Plasmodium vivax (variants 210 and 247). The resulting assay (VecTest(TM) Malaria) is a rapid, one-step procedure using a 'dipstick' test strip capable of detecting and distinguishing between P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in mosquitoes. The objective of the present study was to test the efficacy, sensitivity, stability and field-user acceptability of this wicking dipstick assay. In collaboration with 16 test centres world-wide, we evaluated more than 40 000 units of this assay, comparing it to the standard CS ELISA. The 'VecTest(TM) Malaria' was found to show 92% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity, with 97.8% accuracy overall. In accelerated storage tests, the dipsticks remained stable for >15 weeks in dry conditions up to 45degreesC and in humid conditions up to 37degreesC. Evidently, this quick and easy dipstick test performs at an acceptable level of reliability and offers practical advantages for field workers needing to make rapid surveys of malaria vectors. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Med Anal Syst Inc, Camarillo, CA USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kilifi, Kenya. Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli, Qld, Australia. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Inst Estudios Salud Publ Dr Arnoldo Gabaldon, Maracay, Venezuela. Ctr Amazon Invest & Control Enfermedades Trop, Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela. Gorgas Mem Inst, Panama City, Panama. Med Entomol Res Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. Univ Yaounde, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Yaounde, Cameroon. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00368.x PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 589TF UT WOS:000177775900012 PM 12243234 ER PT J AU Verghese, S Arjundas, D Krishnakumar, KC Padmaja, P Elizabeth, D Padhye, AA Warnock, DW AF Verghese, S Arjundas, D Krishnakumar, KC Padmaja, P Elizabeth, D Padhye, AA Warnock, DW TI Coccidioidomycosis in India: report of a second imported case SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosafety; C. immitis; endemic mycosis; imported coccidioidomycosis; India ID IMMITIS AB We describe a fatal case of imported coccidioidomycosis in India in a 22-year-old male who worked in Tucson, Arizona, approximately four years prior to his illness. The diagnosis was based on the presence of characteristic spherules with endospores in biopsy tissue of lymph nodes, bone and pus from a chronic discharging sinus in the left gluteal region and isolation of Coccidioides immitis in culture. C. immitis is one of the most infectious and virulent fungal pathogens and poses a serious occupational hazard for laboratory personnel, especially in areas where the disease is not endemic. To reduce the role of laboratory-acquired infection, all procedures that involve manipulation of cultures of C. immitis should, whenever possible, be conducted in a biological safety cabinet. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Apollo Hosp, Chennai, India. Madras Med Mission, Inst Cariovasc Dis, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Padmaja, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU B I O S SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI OXFORD PA 9 NEWTEC PLACE, MAGDALEN RD, OXFORD OX4 1RE, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 307 EP 309 DI 10.1080/714031103 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 577UL UT WOS:000177080400010 PM 12146761 ER PT J AU Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Neuroendocrine aspects of the response to stress SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSES; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS; PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS; CUSHINGS-SYNDROME; FAT DISTRIBUTION; TYPE-1 RECEPTOR; ALLOSTATIC LOAD; ANIMAL-MODELS AB Disruptions in homeostasis (ie, stress) place demands on the body that are met by the activation of 2 systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-ad renal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Stressor-induced activation of the HPA axis and the SNS results in a series of neural and endocrine adaptations known as the "stress response" or "stress cascade." The stress cascade is responsible for allowing the body to make the necessary physiological and metabolic changes required to cope with the demands of a homeostatic challenge. Here we discuss the key elements of the HPA axis and the neuroendocrine response to stress. A challenge to homeostasis (a stressor) initiates the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, which in turn results in release of adrenocortiotropin hormone (ACTH) into general circulation. ACTH then acts on the adrenal cortex resulting in release of a species-specific glucocorticoid into blood. Glucocorticoids act in a negative feedback fashion to terminate the release of CRH. The body strives to maintain glucocorticoid levels within certain boundaries and interference at any level of the axis will influence the other components via feedback loops. Over- or underproduction of cortisol can result in the devastating diseases of Cushing's and Addison's, respectively, but less severe dysregulation of the HPA axis can still have adverse health consequences. These include the deposition of visceral fat as well as cardiovascular disease (eg, atherosclerosis). Thus, chronic stress with its physical and psychological ramifications remains a persistent clinical problem for which new pharmacological treatment strategies are aggressively sought. To date, treatments have been based on the existing knowledge concerning the brain areas and neurobiological substrates that subserve the stress response. Thus, the CRH blocker, antalarmin, is being investigated as a treatment for chronic stress because it prevents CRH from having its ultimate effect-a protracted release of glucocorticoids. New therapeutic strategies will depend on the discovery of novel therapeutic targets at the cellular and intracellular level. Advances in molecular biology provide the tools and new opportunities for identifying these therapeutic targets. Copyright (C) 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, CDCP, TMBB,HELD, CDC,Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP NIOSH, CDCP, TMBB,HELD, CDC,Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 79 TC 174 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 26 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 EI 1532-8600 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 51 IS 6 SU 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1053/meta.2002.33184 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 559JY UT WOS:000176024100003 PM 12040534 ER PT J AU Arnon, S Maslanka, S Schechter, R Hatheway, C AF Arnon, S Maslanka, S Schechter, R Hatheway, C TI Development of neutralizing serum antibodies to botulinum toxin in patients with infant botulism SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 365 SU 2 MA 11 BP R11 EP R11 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 569HE UT WOS:000176596100013 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Kaufman, SC Costello, C Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB Hughes, JM Xia, ZS Wilcox, LS Tylor, LR Trussell, J Courey, NG Darney, PD Friedrich, ER Hale, RW Nakayama, RT Hulka, JF Poindexter, AN Ryan, GM Thorpe, EM Stewart, GK Zacur, HA Blanco, L AF Jamieson, DJ Kaufman, SC Costello, C Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB Hughes, JM Xia, ZS Wilcox, LS Tylor, LR Trussell, J Courey, NG Darney, PD Friedrich, ER Hale, RW Nakayama, RT Hulka, JF Poindexter, AN Ryan, GM Thorpe, EM Stewart, GK Zacur, HA Blanco, L CA US Collaborative Review Sterilizat TI A comparison of women's regret after vasectomy versus tubal sterilization SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTSTERILIZATION REGRET; UNITED-STATES; MEN AB OBJECTIVE: To compare the 5-year cumulative probability of regret and risk factors for regret among women whose husbands underwent vasectomy with women after tubal sterilization. METHODS. A total of 525 women whose husbands underwent vasectomy were compared with 3672 women who underwent tubal sterilization in a prospective, multicenter, cohort study. RESULTS: The cumulative probability of a woman expressing regret within 5 years after her husband's vasectomy was 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6, 8.6), which was similar to the 5-year cumulative probability of regret among women after tubal sterilization (7.0%,95% CI 5.8, 8.1). Women who reported substantial conflict with their husbands before vasectomy were more than 25 times more likely to request that their husband have a reversal than women who did not report such conflict (rate ratio 25.3, 95% CI 2.9, 217.2). Similarly, women who reported substantial conflict with their husbands or partners before tubal sterilization were more then three times as likely to regret their decision and more than five times as likely to request a reversal than women who did not report such conflict (rate ratio 3.1, 95% CI 1.4, 7.0, and rate ratio 5.4, 95% CI 1.6, 17.6, respectively). CONCLUSION: Most women did not express regret after their husband's vasectomy and the probability of regret was similar to sterilized women. However, when there was substantial conflict between a woman and her husband before vasectomy or tubal sterilization, the probability of subsequent request for reversal was increased. (Obstet Gynecol 2002;99:1073-9. (C) 2002 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists). C1 CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y02-HD41075-10] NR 10 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1079 AR PII S0029-7844(02)01981-6 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)01981-6 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 558QF UT WOS:000175977500022 PM 12052602 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Chrisman, CE Peterson, HB AF Curtis, KM Chrisman, CE Peterson, HB CA WHO Progamme Mapping Best Practice TI Contraception for women in selected circumstances SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DOSE ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; YOUNG-WOMEN; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TUBAL-STERILIZATION; POOLED ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; VAGINAL RING AB OBJECTIVE: To review new evidence regarding ten controversial issues in the use of contraceptive methods among women with special conditions and to present World Health Organization recommendations derived in part from this evidence. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE and PREMEDLINE databases for English-language articles, published between January 1995 and December 2001, for evidence relevant to ten key contraceptive method and condition combinations: combined oral contraceptive (OC) use among women with hypertension or headaches, combined OC use for emergency contraception and adverse events, progestogen-only contraception use among young women and among breast-feeding women, tubal sterilization among young women, hormonal contraception and intrauterine device use among women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, have AIDS, or are at high risk of HIV infection. Search terms included: "contraception," "contraceptives, oral," "progestational hormones," "medroxyprogesterone-17 acetate," "norethindrone," "levonorgestrel," "Norplant," "contraceptives, postcoital," sterilization, tubal," "intrauterine devices," "hypertension," "stroke,". myocardial infarction," "thrombosis," "headache," "migraine," "adverse effects," "bone mineral density," "breast-feeding," "lactation," "age factors," "regret," and "HIV." STUDY SELECTION: From 205 articles, we identified 33 studies published in peer-reviewed journals that specifically examined risks of contraceptive use among women with pre-existing conditions. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Combined OC users with hypertension appear to be at increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke relative to users without hypertension. Combined OC users with migraine appear to be at increased risk of stroke relative to nonusers with migraine. The evidence for the other eight method and condition combinations was either insufficient to draw conclusions or identified no excess risk. CONCLUSION: Of ten contraceptive method and condition combinations assessed, the evidence supported an increased risk of cardiovascular complications with combined OC use by women with hypertension or migraine. As new evidence becomes available, assessment of risk and recommendations for use of contraceptive methods can be revised accordingly. (Obstet Gynecol 2002;99:1100-12. (C) 2002 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists). C1 CDCP, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth,Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), CDCP, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth,Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MSK-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 46 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1100 EP 1112 AR PII S0029-7844(02)01984-1 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)01984-1 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 558QF UT WOS:000175977500026 PM 12052606 ER PT J AU Anderson, J Rappoport, CA Hanson, C Maupin, R Minkoff, H O'Sullivan, MJ Perryman, S Scott, G Spector, SA Tuomala, R Wade, N Whitley-Williams, P Wilfert, C Zorrilla, C McNamara, J Mofenson, L Watts, DH Fowler, MG Jamieson, DJ Barini-Garcia, M Hench, K Baylor, M Cargill, VA AF Anderson, J Rappoport, CA Hanson, C Maupin, R Minkoff, H O'Sullivan, MJ Perryman, S Scott, G Spector, SA Tuomala, R Wade, N Whitley-Williams, P Wilfert, C Zorrilla, C McNamara, J Mofenson, L Watts, DH Fowler, MG Jamieson, DJ Barini-Garcia, M Hench, K Baylor, M Cargill, VA CA Public Hlth Serv Task Force Perina TI Summary of the updated recommendations from the public health service task force to reduce perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTED WOMEN; ZIDOVUDINE; TYPE-1; INFANTS; THERAPY; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; DELIVERY; MODE AB Within the last decade, substantial advances have been made in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women and in the prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission, and recommendations for care continually change. Within this rapidly evolving field, the Public Health Service Task Force Perinatal HIV Guidelines Working Group, which is composed of pediatric and obstetric experts in HIV infection, community representatives, and federal agency representatives, currently meets by monthly conference calls to review new data related to prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission and management of women with HIV infection. This group periodically issues updates to their guidelines, "Public Health Service Task Force Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission in the United States," which are available on the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service Web site (http://www.hivatis.org). (Obstet Gynecol 2002;99: 1117-26. (C) 2002 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists). C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Texas Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Austin, TX USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Orleans, LA USA. Maimonides Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, New York, NY USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Albany Med Ctr, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Albany, NY USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pediat, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. NIAID, Pediat Branch, Div AIDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. HIV AIDS Bur, Div Training & Tech Assistance, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Div Perinatal Syst & Womens Hlth, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. US FDA, Div Antiviral Drug Prod, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Off HIV AIDS Policy, Washington, DC USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1126 AR PII S0029-7844(02)01985-3 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 558QF UT WOS:000175977500029 ER PT J AU Destefano, F Gu, D Kramarz, P Truman, BI Lademarco, MF Mullooly, JP Jackson, LA Davis, RL Black, SB Shinefield, HR Marcy, SM Ward, JI Chen, RT AF Destefano, F Gu, D Kramarz, P Truman, BI Lademarco, MF Mullooly, JP Jackson, LA Davis, RL Black, SB Shinefield, HR Marcy, SM Ward, JI Chen, RT CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Res Grp TI Childhood vaccinations and risk of asthma SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pertussis vaccine; measles vaccine; hepatitis B vaccine; epidemiology ID ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; WHOLE-CELL; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ATOPIC DISORDER; UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-B; IFN-GAMMA; RESPONSES; IMMUNIZATION AB Background. A few previous studies have suggested that childhood vaccines, particularly whole cell pertussis vaccine, may increase the risk of asthma. We evaluated the suggested association between childhood vaccinations and risk of asthma. Methods. Cohort study involving 167 240 children who were enrolled in 4 large health maintenance organizations during 1991 to 1997, with follow-up from birth until at least 18 months to a maximum of 6 years of age. Vaccinations were ascertained through computerized immunization tracking systems, and onset of asthma was identified through computerized data on medical care encounters and medication dispensings. Results. In the study IS 407 children (11.0%) developed asthma, with a median age at onset of 11 months. The relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of asthma were: 0.92 (0.83 to 1.02) for diphtheria, tetanus and whole cell pertussis vaccine; 1.09 (0.9 to 1.23) for oral polio vaccine; 0.97 (0.91 to 1.04) for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine; 1.18 (1.02 to 1.36) for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); and 1.20 (1.13 to 1.27) for hepatitis B vaccine. The Hib result was not consistent across health maintenance organizations. In a subanalysis restricted to children who had at least 2 medical care encounters during their first year, the relative risks decreased to 1.07 (0.71 to 1.60) for Hib and 1.09 (0.88 to 1.34) for hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion. There is no association between diphtheria, tetanus and whole cell pertussis vaccine, oral polio vaccine or measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and the risk of asthma. The weak associations for Hib and hepatitis B vaccines seem to be at least partially accounted for by health care utilization or information bias. C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Panorama City, CA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Destefano, F (reprint author), Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000015724.30766.68 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 562JV UT WOS:000176194400003 PM 12182372 ER PT J AU Black, SB Lewis, E Shinefield, HR Fireman, B Ray, P DeStefano, F Chen, R AF Black, SB Lewis, E Shinefield, HR Fireman, B Ray, P DeStefano, F Chen, R TI Lack of association between receipt of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (HbOC) in infancy and risk of type 1 (juvenile onset) diabetes: Long term follow-up of the HbOC efficacy trial cohort SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; lack of association ID RISING INCIDENCE; CHILDHOOD; MELLITUS; INFECTION; CHILDREN AB We evaluated the effect of infant vaccination with HbOC Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine on the risk of onset of type 1 juvenile diabetes later in life by examining data from a large controlled prospective Phase III clinical efficacy trial conducted within Northern California Kaiser Permanente between 1988 and 1990. The overall study population included children who were offered the Hib conjugate vaccine (acceptors and refusers) as well as a cohort of children who were systemically excluded from the trial on the basis of their birth date. These children are now 10 to 12 years of age. We found no evidence that vaccination with Hib conjugate vaccine in infancy is associated with risk of diabetes later in life. C1 Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Black, SB (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, 1 Kaiser Plaza,16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 568 EP 569 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000015562.62167.9d PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 562JV UT WOS:000176194400016 PM 12182385 ER PT J AU Geller, AC Colditz, G Oliveria, S Emmons, K Jorgensen, C Aweh, GN Frazier, AL AF Geller, AC Colditz, G Oliveria, S Emmons, K Jorgensen, C Aweh, GN Frazier, AL TI Use of sunscreen, sunburning rates, and tanning bed use among more than 10 000 US children and adolescents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE melanoma; skin cancer prevention; children; epidemiology ID SKIN-CANCER PREVENTION; SUN-PROTECTION; SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE; MELANOMA RISK; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; CELL CARCINOMA; CHILDHOOD; PROGRAM; POPULATION; ATTITUDES AB Objectives. To describe the association of sunscreen use, sunburning, and tanning bed use by age, sex, residence, and psychosocial variables associated with tan-seeking behaviors, and to compare these findings with sun protection recommendations from federal agencies and cancer organizations. Methods. A cross-sectional study, from all 50 states, of 10 079 boys and girls 12 to 18 years of age in 1999. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires with the children of the participants from the Nurses Health Study (Growing Up Today Study). Results. The prevalence of sunscreen use was 34.4% with girls more likely to use sunscreen than boys (40.0 vs 26.4, odds ratio: 1.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.70-2.03). Eighty-three percent of respondents had at least 1 sunburn during the previous summer, and 36% had 3 or more sunburns. Nearly 10% of respondents used a tanning bed during the previous year. Girls were far more likely than boys to report tanning bed use (14.4 vs 2.4), and older girls (ages 15-18) were far more likely than younger girls (ages 12-14) to report tanning bed use (24.6% vs 4.7). Tanning bed use increased from 7% among 14-year-old girls to 16% by age 15, and more than doubled again by age 17 (35%; N=244). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that attitudes associated with tanning, such as the preference for tanned skin, having many friends who were tanned, and belief in the worth of burning to get a tan, were generally associated with sporadic sunscreen use, more frequent sunburns, and increased use of tanning beds. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that many children are at subsequent risk of skin cancer because of suboptimal sunscreen use, high rates of sunburning, and tanning bed use. Recommendations in the United States for improved sun protection and avoidance of tanning beds and sunburning, which began in the early 1990s, have been primarily unheeded. Nationally coordinated campaigns with strong policy components must be developed and sustained to prevent skin cancer in a new generation of children and adolescents. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Canc Prevent & Control Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Sch Med,Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Pediat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Dermatol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Geller, AC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, 720 Harrison Ave,DOB 801A, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL03533]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46834] NR 44 TC 211 Z9 214 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1014 DI 10.1542/peds.109.6.1009 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 557KE UT WOS:000175907100017 PM 12042536 ER PT J AU Hall, S Maupin, T Seward, J Jumaan, AO Peterson, C Goldman, G Mascola, L Wharton, M AF Hall, S Maupin, T Seward, J Jumaan, AO Peterson, C Goldman, G Mascola, L Wharton, M TI Second varicella infections: Are they more common than previously thought? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE varicella; reinfection; surveillance; vaccination; immunity ID ZOSTER VIRUS-INFECTIONS; IMMUNOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; HERPES-ZOSTER; CHICKENPOX; REINFECTION; CHILDREN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VACCINE; HISTORY; ADULTS AB Objective. To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of varicella reinfections reported to a surveillance project. Methods. We investigated varicella cases reported to a surveillance project between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1999- with more extensive investigation of cases reporting previous varicella with onset between January 1, 1998, and September 30, 1998- to provide a more detailed description of first and second varicella infections. A simple decision tree was used to assess the likelihood that reported first and second infections were varicella. Results. Among varicella cases reported to the surveillance project, 4.5% of cases in 1995 and 13.3% of cases in 1999 reported previous varicella. More than 95% of first infections were physician diagnosed, epidemiologically linked to another case, or had a rash description consistent with varicella; the same was true for reported second infections. People who reported reinfections were generally healthy. There was a family history of repeat infections in 45% of people who reported reinfections. Conclusions. Clinical varicella reinfections may occur more commonly than previously thought. Additional studies of the predictive value of a positive varicella history and laboratory studies of reported reinfections are indicated to guide varicella vaccination policy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Control Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Seward, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Control Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1068 EP 1073 DI 10.1542/peds.109.6.1068 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 557KE UT WOS:000175907100025 PM 12042544 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, KD Acuna, JM Mather, FJ AF Rosenberg, KD Acuna, JM Mather, FJ TI Incorrect outcome variable? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH C1 DHS Off Family Hlth, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DRH, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol SL18, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Rosenberg, KD (reprint author), DHS Off Family Hlth, Portland, OR 97232 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1186 EP 1186 DI 10.1542/peds.109.6.1186 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 557KE UT WOS:000175907100053 PM 12042568 ER PT J AU Steenland, K AF Steenland, K TI Ten-year update on mortality among mild-steel welders SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; welding ID LUNG-CANCER AB Objectives This study is an update on the lung cancer risk of mild-steel welders with no asbestos exposure using a cohort of nonwelders for comparison. Methods The subjects came from three United States (US) plants that manufactured heavy equipment. The follow-up was extended from 1988 to 1998. The welders were not exposed to asbestos (typical of shipyard welders) or to chromium or nickel (present in stainless steel). Results There were 108 lung cancer deaths among the welders and M such deaths among the nonwelders (double the previous number of lung cancer deaths). The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer was 1.46 [95% confidence interval (95% CI 1.20-1.76)] for the welders and 1.18 (95% CI 0.98-1.40) for the nonwelders, both in comparison with the US general population. Direct comparison between the welders and nonwelders yielded a rate ratio of 1.22 (95% CI 0.93-1.59). Analyses using a 15-year lag time did not differ greatly from those of an unlagged analysis. There were no marked trends for lung cancer risk by duration of exposure or latency. Evidence from cross-sectional data from a sample of the cohort indicated that the welders smoked somewhat more than the US population and more than the nonwelders. An approximate adjustment of the rate ratios for possible confounding by smoking suggested that smoking may have accounted for about half of the excess lung cancer observed among the welders versus that of either reference population. Conclusions These data provide suggestive but not conclusive evidence of a modest lung cancer risk from mild-steel welding. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 5 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 163 EP 167 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 570JV UT WOS:000176655900004 PM 12109555 ER PT J AU Abdullah, ASM Fielding, R Hedley, AJ Ebrahim, SH Luk, YK AF Abdullah, ASM Fielding, R Hedley, AJ Ebrahim, SH Luk, YK TI Reasons for not using condoms among the Hong Kong Chinese population: implications for HIV and STD prevention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article AB Objective: To assess the prevalence and reasons for non-use of condoms among the Hong Kong Chinese population and obtain baseline data to monitor sexual behavioural change. Methods: Cross sectional self administered questionnaire surveys in convenience sampled groups of Hong Kong Chinese residents were carried out. Results: Of the 1508 respondents, 24% reported consistent condom use and 76% inconsistent use. Overall, 17% of respondents reported having sex with strangers. People who were at increased risk for inconsistent condom use included STD clinics attendees, those who never married, and those reporting low self efficacy for condom use or sex with strangers. Common reasons for not using condoms were trust in partner, use of other contraceptives, and reduced sensation while using condoms. Conclusions: Given the reported high prevalence of travel and sexual contact with strangers, and misconceptions about condoms among the Hong Kong Chinese population, innovative condom social marketing campaigns are needed. Periodic monitoring of condom use behaviours should be an integral part of HIV/STD surveillance activity. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Hong Kong, Unit Behav Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Abdullah, ASM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Patrick Manson Bldg S Wing,7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Fielding, Richard/C-4268-2009; Hedley, Anthony/C-4305-2009; Hedley, Anthony/A-9113-2013 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1136/sti.78.3.180 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 568TF UT WOS:000176558900006 PM 12238648 ER PT J AU MacLachlan, EW Baganizi, E Bougoudogo, F Castle, S Mint-Youbba, Z Gorbach, P Parker, K Ryan, CA AF MacLachlan, EW Baganizi, E Bougoudogo, F Castle, S Mint-Youbba, Z Gorbach, P Parker, K Ryan, CA TI The feasibility of integrated STI prevalence and behaviour surveys in developing countries SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article AB Background: In countries where STI/HIV prevalence data and behavioural data are scarce UNAIDS second generation HIV surveillance guidelines recommend measuring STI/HIV prevalence and risk behaviours in vulnerable populations but do not recommend conducting these surveys concurrently because of concerns about participation rates, cost, and provision of services. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of conducting a national combined STD prevalence and behaviour survey in Mali among vulnerable populations with the intention of institutionalisation. Methods: From March to June 2000 an integrated STI prevalence and behaviour survey was conducted using cluster sampling among five risk groups in four sites in Mali, west Africa. 2229 individuals in non-traditional settings such as taxi/bus stations, market areas, households, and brothels participated in any one or all components of the study: (1) behavioural questionnaire, (2) urine sample for Neisseira gonorrhoeae (GC)/Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) testing, (3) a fingerstick drop of blood for syphilus, and/or (4) HIV testing. Results: High participation rates of 84%-100% were achieved despite specimen collection and HIV testing. Rates fell only slightly when participants were asked to provide biological samples and participants were more likely to provide urine than blood. Rates among the different groups for HIV and syphilis testing are similar and suggest that refusal was most probably because of a reluctance to give blood rather than because of HIV testing. The cost of the biological component added approximately $30 per participant. Included in the $30 are the costs of training, participant services, laboratory personnel and supplies, STI drugs, and STI testing costs. The total cost of the survey was $154,905. Biomarkers aided in validation of answers to behavioural questions. Consenting individuals received HIV pretest and post test counselling and referral to a trained health provider for treatment of STI and the provision of services provided the framework for interventions in the groups following the survey. Conclusion: This represents an effective methodology for collecting risk behaviour and STI/HIV prevalence information concurrently and should be considered by countries expanding. STI/HIV surveillance as part of UNAIDS second generation HIV surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Int Activ Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mali Natl Inst Publ Hlth Res, Bamako, Mali. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Mali Natl AIDS Control Program, Bamako, Mali. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP MacLachlan, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Int Activ Unit, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 BP 187 EP 189 DI 10.1136/sti.78.3.187 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 568TF UT WOS:000176558900008 PM 12238650 ER PT J AU Warner, L Steiner, MJ AF Warner, L Steiner, MJ TI Condom access does not ensure condom use: you've got to be putting me on SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Serv Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 BP 225 EP 225 DI 10.1136/sti.78.3.225 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 568TF UT WOS:000176558900021 PM 12238663 ER PT J AU Cooper, CP Yukimura, D AF Cooper, CP Yukimura, D TI Science writers' reactions to a medical "breakthrough" story SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE medical journalism; science writers; media; public understanding; Internet discussions ID CANCER; PRESS; RISK AB In numerous incidences, the news coverage of medical research has incited unjustified optimism or fear. The medical literature provides an archive of the scientific community's condemnation of these misleading reports. but little is known about how they are judged by newsmakers. This studs explored science writers' reactions to a controversial New York Times story that inflated the hopes of thousands of cancer patients. More than 60 science writers in the US Canada. and Great Britain participated in a 12-day email discussion triggered by the Times article. We analyzed 255 of these email postings and coded (1) positive and negative critiques of the Times story. (2) references to the article's repercussions including the creation of false hope. (3) attributions of responsibility for the resulting public misunderstanding. and (4) suggestions to improve the public's comprehension of medical research news. The participating science writers generally responded negatively to the controversial article: 83% of the critiques were unfavorable. In addition, the science writers in the sample were cognizant and concerned about the impact of their work on the public, and accepted the largest share of the responsibility for the false hope created by the news coverage of medical research. Finally. the suggestions offered by respondents to improve the public's understanding of medical research news were similar to those proposed by the scientific community. Thus. some commonality exists between how scientists and science writers believe the news coverage of medical research could be improved. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Cooper, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-48,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5 R25 CA78447] NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1887 EP 1896 AR PII S0277-9536(01)00160-5 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00160-5 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 558UX UT WOS:000175986100013 PM 12113443 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI New considerations in analyzing stroke and heart disease mortality trends - The year 2000 age standard and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE cerebrovascular disorders; mortality ID ADJUSTED DEATH RATES; UNITED-STATES; DECLINE; BLACKS AB Background-Monitoring of trends and patterns of stroke mortality will be of utmost importance in the coming decade. Two innovations in vital statistics may complicate this task and must be brought to the attention of both researchers and readers of research reports: the new Year 2000 Age Standard and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Summary of Review-For cerebrovascular diseases, the age-adjusted death rate is 2.4 times higher with the use of the year 2000 standard than with the use of the old 1940 standard. However, if rates for all years are computed with the use of the same age standard, the percent change from 1979 to 1995 is similar according to the 1940 standard (-35.8%) or the year 2000 standard (-34.3%). Another important effect of the change to the year 2000 standard is to reduce black/white differentials in age-adjusted death rates. Major discontinuities are not observed for mortality trends in cerebrovascular disease or heart disease between International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) (1979-1998) and ICD-10 (1999 and following years) classifications. Conclusions-All data users must exercise caution to specify the age standard used when assessing or presenting age-adjusted rates over time or between groups. The comparability of ICD codes chosen for years before 1999 versus 1999 or following years must be checked to distinguish changes due to coding from true changes in mortality levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Room 730,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JUN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1717 EP 1721 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000016925.58848.EA PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 561VT UT WOS:000176164300061 PM 12053017 ER PT J AU Komnenou, A Eberhard, ML Kaldrymidou, E Tsalie, E Dessiris, A AF Komnenou, A Eberhard, ML Kaldrymidou, E Tsalie, E Dessiris, A TI Subconjunctival filariasis due to Onchocerca sp in dogs: report of 23 cases in Greece SO VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canine onchocerciasis; ophthalmic; periocular; periorbital; subconjunctival ID UNITED-STATES AB In the present study, we describe a series of 2 3 cases of ocular subconjunctival parasitic granulomas in dogs, admitted to the Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, between 1997 and 2000. The ophthalmic manifestations in all animals were periorbital swelling, discomfort, photophobia, conjunctival congestion, and discharge. A more detailed examination revealed the presence of periocular masses (nodules) on the subconjunctival bulbar space. Granulomatous or cyst-like formations were extracted surgically, and were found to contain thread-like nematode parasites. A histologic and parasitologic examination of tissues and parasites was carried out. Diagnosis of parasitic granulomas was made and the parasite was identified as Onchocerca sp. This is the largest series of cases reported of aberrant Oncbocerca infections in dogs coming from one geographic location. C1 Aristotle Univ Tessaloniki, Fac Med Vet, Surg Clin, Dept Clin Sci, Thessaloniki 54627, Greece. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Pathol Lab, Fac Med Vet, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Komnenou, A (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Tessaloniki, Fac Med Vet, Surg Clin, Dept Clin Sci, St Voutyra 11 ST, Thessaloniki 54627, Greece. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5216 J9 VET OPHTHALMOL JI Vet. Ophthalmol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2002.00235.x PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 564GN UT WOS:000176306800008 PM 12071870 ER PT J AU Alpert, EJ Milstein, A Marks, J Mitchell, C Campbell, J Ralston, M AF Alpert, EJ Milstein, A Marks, J Mitchell, C Campbell, J Ralston, M TI "Challenges and Strategies" and "Evidence-Based Care" - Excerpts from Day 1 Plenary Sessions SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article AB National experts discuss challenges and strategies for improving health care's response to domestic violence and moving toward evidence-based health care for domestic violence. Comments address ethical and legal issues, system incentives, public health and prevention, the need for evidence-based care, designing an effective research agenda, and outcome measurement. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Med Training Ctr, Hlth Syst, Davis, CA USA. RP Alpert, EJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 SI SI BP 639 EP 660 DI 10.1177/10778010222183224 PG 22 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 553HJ UT WOS:000175669400003 ER PT J AU Keith, LS Jones, DE Chou, CHSJ AF Keith, LS Jones, DE Chou, CHSJ TI Aluminum toxicokinetics regarding infant diet and vaccinations SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aluminum Adjuvants in Vaccines CY MAY 11-12, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE aluminum; vaccine; diet ID ABSORPTION; FORMULAS; KINETICS; AL-26; RATS; DISPOSITION; METABOLISM; INHALATION; ADJUVANTS; INGESTION AB Some vaccines contain aluminum adjuvants to enhance the immunological response, and it has been postulated that this aluminum could contribute to adverse health effects, especially in children who receive a vaccination series starting at birth. The pharmacokinetic properties and end-point toxicities of aluminum are presented. In assessing the relevance of dietary and medical aluminum exposure to public health, we estimated infant body burdens during the first year of life for breast milk and formula diets and for a standard vaccination schedule. We then compared those body burdens with that expected for intake at a level considered safe for intermediate-duration exposure. The methodology blends intake values and uptake fractions with an aluminum retention function derived from a human injection study using radioactive Al-26. The calculated body burden of aluminum from vaccinations exceeds that from dietary sources, however, it is below the minimal risk level equivalent curve after the brief period following injection. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Keith, LS (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skeith@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 20 SU 3 BP S13 EP S17 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00165-2 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00165-2 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 568JY UT WOS:000176539700004 PM 12184359 ER PT J AU Wheeler, JS Chou, S AF Wheeler, JS Chou, S TI Considerations and procedures in the derivation of ATSDR minimal risk levels SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aluminum Adjuvants in Vaccines CY MAY 11-12, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO DE minimal risk level; uncertainty factor; reference dose AB Minimal risk levels (MRLs) are health-based guidance values derived for individual substances by conducting a thorough review of the literature, identifying appropriate target organs of response, and identifying a dose level where a no adverse effect or the lowest adverse effect level is seen. This level is then evaluated for uncertainty in the data base and for other extenuating factors and subsequently adjusted with uncertainty or modifying factors. The resulting calculation yields the MRL that is defined as an estimate of the daily human exposure to a hazardous substance that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. Typically, MRLs are derived for different durations of exposure (acute, intermediate, chronic) and for different routes of exposure (oral, inhalation). The MRLs serve as useful reference values in evaluating human health from exposure to substances found at hazardous waste sites. Because of numerous requests of various programs, recent work has focused on expanding the applicability of MRLs to other situations and routes of exposure (dermal, food supply, intramuscular) beyond the traditional oral and inhalation exposure routes at waste sites. Results of work, in conjunction with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's computational toxicology laboratory, shows that the use of computational methods, such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, may allow the MRL process to be adapted to unique durations and routes of exposure such as intramuscular injections. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wheeler, JS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 20 SU 3 BP S51 EP S55 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00173-1 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00173-1 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 568JY UT WOS:000176539700011 PM 12184367 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA AF Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA TI Sudden cardiac death: Do we know what we are talking about? Response SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zheng, ZJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 21 BP E182 EP E182 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 557UX UT WOS:000175927500007 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Stanfill, SB AF Calafat, AM Stanfill, SB TI Rapid quantitation of cyanide in whole blood by automated headspace gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cyanide ID THIOCYANATE; VICTIMS AB Cyanide (CN), a chemical asphyxiant, is a rapidly acting and powerful poison. We have developed a sensitive, rapid, simple, and fully automated method for measuring CN in whole blood. The assay is based on the use of gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection and acetonitrile as an internal reference. Following the automated addition of phosphoric acid to the blood sample, the released hydrogen cyanide is analyzed using a fully automated headspace GC system. The assay, validated on human blood samples spiked with potassium cyanide and on clinical samples from fire victims who had smoke inhalation injury, can detect CN at a wide range of concentrations (30-6000 mug/l) in about 17 min (including incubation and GC run time, and <2 min for manual sample preparation). This automated, high-throughput, simple, and sensitive method is suitable for the rapid diagnosis of CN in clinical and forensic specimens. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop F19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAY 25 PY 2002 VL 772 IS 1 BP 131 EP 137 AR PII S1570-0232(02)00067-3 DI 10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00067-3 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 558AK UT WOS:000175941700015 PM 12016024 ER PT J AU Wooten, JV Ashley, DL Calafat, AM AF Wooten, JV Ashley, DL Calafat, AM TI Quantitation of 2-chlorovinylarsonous acid in human urine by automated solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 2-chlorovinylarsonous acid ID LEWISITE; EXPOSURE AB Lewisite [dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine] is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent with vesicant properties. The accidental exposure to lewisite or its intentional use as a chemical terrorism weapon are a public health threat and warrant investigations for the development of analytical methods to detect biomarkers of exposure to lewisite. Under aqueous conditions, lewisite rapidly hydrolyzes to the non-volatile 2-chlorovinylarsonous acid (CVAA). We have developed a sensitive, simple, and automated method for measuring CVAA in human urine. The assay is based on the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization of the CVAA with 1,3-propanedithiol (PDT). The volatile CVAA-PDT is adsorbed onto a SPME fiber and analyzed by GC-MS. The assay was validated on human urine samples spiked with CVAA to determine the accuracy, precision, and limit of detection (LOD). The LOD was 7.4 pg in 1 ml of urine. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop F19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAY 25 PY 2002 VL 772 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 AR PII S1570-0232(02)00069-7 DI 10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00069-7 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 558AK UT WOS:000175941700017 PM 12016026 ER PT J AU Waring, SC desVignes-Kendrick, M Arafat, RR Reynolds, KM D'Souza, G Bishop, SA Perrotta, DM Cruz, M Batts-Osborne, D AF Waring, SC desVignes-Kendrick, M Arafat, RR Reynolds, KM D'Souza, G Bishop, SA Perrotta, DM Cruz, M Batts-Osborne, D CA CDC TI Tropical Storm Allison rapid needs assessment - Houston, Texas, June 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 365-369, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CLUSTER-SAMPLING METHOD C1 City Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. CDC, Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 20 BP 2646 EP 2647 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 554JQ UT WOS:000175732400010 ER PT J AU Kaplan, S Rawlings, J Paddock, C Childs, J Regnery, R Reynolds, M AF Kaplan, S Rawlings, J Paddock, C Childs, J Regnery, R Reynolds, M CA CDC TI Cat-scratch disease in children - Texas, September 2000-August 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 212-214, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaplan, S (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 20 BP 2647 EP 2649 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 554JQ UT WOS:000175732400011 ER PT J AU Sacks, JJ Helmick, CG Langmaid, G Sniezek, JE AF Sacks, JJ Helmick, CG Langmaid, G Sniezek, JE CA CDC TI Trends in deaths from systemic lupus erythematosus - United States, 1979-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 371-374, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sacks, JJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 20 BP 2649 EP 2650 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 554JQ UT WOS:000175732400012 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Bland, S Powell-Griner, E Klein, R Wells, HE Hogelin, G Marks, JS AF Nelson, DE Bland, S Powell-Griner, E Klein, R Wells, HE Hogelin, G Marks, JS TI State trends in health risk factors and receipt of clinical preventive services among US adults during the 1990s SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SELF-REPORT; BELT USE; MAMMOGRAPHY; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; CANCER; MORTALITY; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT AB Context Monitoring trends is essential for evaluating past activities and guiding current preventive health program and policy efforts. Although tracking progress toward national health goals is helpful, use of national estimates is limited because most preventive health care activities, policies, and other efforts occur at the state or community level. There may be important state trends that are obscured by national data. Objective To estimate state-specific trends for 5 health risk factors and 6 clinical preventive services. Design Telephone surveys were conducted from 1991 through 2000 as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Setting and Participants Randomly selected adults aged 18 years or older from 49 US states. Annual state sample sizes ranged from 1188 to 7543. Main Outcome Measures Statistically significant changes (P<.01) instate prevalences of cigarette smoking, binge alcohol use, physical inactivity, obesity, safety belt use, and mammography; screening for cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, and cholesterol levels; and receipt of influenza and pneumococcal disease vaccination. Results There were statistically significant increases in safety belt use for 39 of 47 states and receipt of mammography in the past 2 years for women aged 40 years or older for 43 of 47 states. For persons aged 65 years or older, there were increases in receipt of influenza vaccination for 44 of 49 states and ever receiving pneumococcal vaccination for 48 of 49 states. State trends were mixed for binge alcohol use (increasing in 19 of 47 states and declining in 3), physical inactivity (increasing in 3 of 48 states and declining in 11), and cholesterol screening (increasing in 13 of 47 states and decreasing in 5). Obesity increased in all states and smoking increased in 14 of 47 states (declining only in Minnesota). Cervical cancer screening increased in 8 of 48 states and colorectal cancer screening increased in 13 of 49 states. New York experienced improvements for 8 of 11 measures, while 7 of 11 measures improved in Delaware, Kentucky, and Maryland; in contrast, Alaska experienced improvements for no measures and at least 4 of 11 measures worsened in Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Conclusions Most states experienced increases in safety belt use, mammography, and adult vaccinations. Trends for smoking and binge alcohol use are disturbing, and obesity data support previous findings. Trend data are useful for targeting state preventive health efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7365,EPN 4068, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nelsond@mail.nih.gov NR 70 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 20 BP 2659 EP 2667 DI 10.1001/jama.287.20.2659 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 554JQ UT WOS:000175732400025 PM 12020301 ER PT J AU Lodmell, DL Parnell, MJ Bailey, JR Ewalt, LC Hanlon, CA AF Lodmell, DL Parnell, MJ Bailey, JR Ewalt, LC Hanlon, CA TI Rabies DNA vaccination of non-human primates: post-exposure studies using gene gun methodology that accelerates induction of neutralizing antibody and enhances neutralizing antibody titers SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies virus; DNA vaccine; booster; neutralizing antibody; post-exposure protection ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; VIRUS-INFECTION; EAR PINNA; MICE; IMMUNIZATION; PROPHYLAXIS; CELLS; DOGS; SUPERIORITY; CHLOROQUINE AB Pre-exposure DNA vaccination protects non-human primates against rabies virus. Post-exposure protection of monkeys against rabies virus by DNA vaccination has not been attempted. Presumably, post-exposure experiments have not been undertaken because neutralizing antibody is usually slow to be induced after DNA vaccination. In this study, we initially attempted to accelerate the induction of neutralizing antibody by varying the route and site of DNA vaccination and booster frequency, Gene gun (GG) vaccinations above axillary and inguinal lymph nodes or in ear pinnae generated higher levels of neutralizing antibody than intradermal (ID) needle vaccinations in the pinnae. Concurrent GG booster vaccinations above axillary and inguinal lymph nodes and in ear pinnae, 3 days after primary vaccination, accelerated detectable neutralizing antibody. GG booster vaccinations also resulted in higher neutralizing antibody levels and increased the durability of this response. Post-exposure vaccination with DNA or the human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV), in combination with an one-time treatment with human rabies immune 'globulin (HRIG), protected 50 and 75% of the monkeys, respectively, as compared to 75% mortality of the controls. These data will be useful for the refinement, development, and implementation of future pre- and post-exposure rabies DNA vaccination studies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch,Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lodmell, DL (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, 903 S 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 17-18 BP 2221 EP 2228 AR PII S0264-410X902)00143-3 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00143-3 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 560QK UT WOS:000176092600010 PM 12009276 ER PT J AU Barbour, EK Abdelnour, A Jirjis, F Faroon, O Farran, MT AF Barbour, EK Abdelnour, A Jirjis, F Faroon, O Farran, MT TI Evaluation of 12 stabilizers in a developed attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE stabilizers; Salmonella enteritidis; live vaccine ID YELLOW-FEVER VACCINE; THERMAL-STABILITY; CHICKENS; STRAIN; IMMUNOPOTENTIATION; INCREASE; ZINC AB The development of a stable live attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) vaccine, resisting heat stress during transportation and storage in unequipped tropical and subtropical zones of the world, is highly recommended. Twelve stabilizers were individually supplemented into a 9 ml volume of sterile distilled water resulting in concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%. A volume of I ml of attenuated live SE vaccine is added over the 9 ml of each concentration of the stabilizers. The differently stabilized SE vaccines were stressed at 55 degreesC for 48 h. The lowest percent reductions in SE cell viability by specified level of each stabilizer in ascending order were: 22.3% by 2% skim milk, 55.1% by 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 59.2% by 4% sorbitol, 74.4% by 3% maltose, 75% by 2% honey, 91.3% by 3% histidine, 96.9% by 1% heparin, 97.5% by 4% dextrose, 97.9% by 5% lactose, 99.4% by 5% sucrose, 99.5% by 2% gelatin, and 100% by 1-5% glycerol. In narrowing the concentration levels of skim milk to include 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50 2.75, and 3.00%, the 2,50% was the optimum level resulting in minimal percent reduction in SE cell viability of 18.9% after exposure to the defined heat stress. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Beirut 0236, Lebanon. Holy Spirit Univ, Fac Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Kaslik, Lebanon. Intervet Inc, Millsboro, DE USA. Ctr Dis Control, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barbour, EK (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Dept Anim Sci, POB 11, Beirut 0236, Lebanon. RI Abdel Nour, Afif/D-4003-2013; barbour, elie/P-6166-2014 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 17-18 BP 2249 EP 2253 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00107-X DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00107-X PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 560QK UT WOS:000176092600014 PM 12009280 ER PT J AU Ostrowsky, BE Whitener, C Bredenberg, HK Carson, LA Holt, S Hutwagner, L Arduino, MJ Jarvis, WR AF Ostrowsky, BE Whitener, C Bredenberg, HK Carson, LA Holt, S Hutwagner, L Arduino, MJ Jarvis, WR TI Serratia marcescens bacteremia traced to an infused narcotic SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; FENTANYL; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; RISK AB Background: From June 30, 1998, through March 21, 1999, several patients in the surgical intensive care unit of a hospital acquired Serratia marcescens bacteremia. We investigated this outbreak. Methods: A case was defined as the occurrence of S. marcescens bacteremia in any patient in the surgical intensive care unit during the period of the epidemic. To identify risk factors, we compared patients with S. marcescens bacteremia with randomly selected controls. Isolates from patients and from medications were evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The hair of one employee was tested for fentanyl. Results: Twenty-six patients with S. marcescens bacteremia were identified; eight (31 percent) had polymicrobial bacteremia, and seven of these had Enterobacter cloacae and S. marcescens in the same culture. According to univariate analysis, patients with S. marcescens bacteremia stayed in the surgical intensive care unit longer than controls (13.5 vs. 4.0 days, P<0.001), were more likely to have received fentanyl in the surgical intensive care unit (odds ratio, 31; P<0.001), and were more likely to have been exposed to two particular respiratory therapists (odds ratios, 13.1 and 5.1; P<0.001 for both comparisons). In a multivariate analysis, receipt of fentanyl and exposure to the two respiratory therapists (adjusted odds ratio for one therapist, 6.7; P=0.002; adjusted odds ratio for the other therapist, 9.5; P=0.02) remained significant. One respiratory therapist had been reported for tampering with fentanyl; his hair sample tested positive for fentanyl. Cultures of fentanyl infusions from two case patients yielded S. marcescens and E. cloacae. The isolates from the case patients and from the fentanyl infusions had similar patterns on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. After removal of the implicated respiratory therapist, no further cases occurred. Conclusions: An outbreak of S. marcescens and E. cloacae bacteremia in a surgical intensive care unit was traced to extrinsic contamination of the parenteral narcotic fentanyl by a health care worker. Our findings underscore the risk of complications in patients that is associated with illicit narcotic use by health care workers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Ostrowsky, BE (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Epidemiol & Infect Control, POB 980019, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 20 BP 1529 EP 1537 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa012370 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 551LV UT WOS:000175563900004 PM 12015392 ER PT J AU Preziosi, MP Yam, A Wassilak, SGF Chabirand, L Simaga, A Ndiaye, M Dia, M Dabis, F Simondon, F AF Preziosi, MP Yam, A Wassilak, SGF Chabirand, L Simaga, A Ndiaye, M Dia, M Dabis, F Simondon, F TI Epidemiology of pertussis in a West African community before and after introduction of a widespread vaccination program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mortality; population surveillance; vaccination; whooping cough ID UNITED-STATES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MEASLES; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; MORTALITY; COVERAGE; SENEGAL; ENGLAND; PERIOD AB The control of pertussis remains a worldwide concern, Little has been documented about its epidemiology in Africa. The authors have studied pertussis in a prospective cohort of children in a rural West African community over a 13-year period comprising time before and after introduction of a vaccination program. Children under age 15 years who were residents of the Niakhar study area in Senegal were followed prospectively between January 1984 and December 1996 for the occurrence of pertussis. Morbidity and mortality rates were extremely high before the launch of immunization. Crude incidence was 183 per 1,000 child-years at risk under age 5 years, with a 2.8% case-fatality rate. After the introduction of the vaccination program, overall incidence dropped rapidly and dramatically-by 27% after 3 years and 46% after 6 years. The decline in incidence involved all age groups but was most substantial in the group under age 5 years and was particularly pronounced in unvaccinated infants. The median age of acquisition of the disease rose steadily with population vaccine coverage. This study shows the tremendous magnitude of the disease burden in children and the rapid decline after vaccination, and it suggests a strong herd-immunity effect. C1 Inst Rech Dev, Unite Rech Malad Infect & Parasitaires, Dakar, Senegal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U330, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Inst Rech Dev, Unite Rech Malad Infect & Parasitaires, Montpellier, France. RP Preziosi, MP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 10 BP 891 EP 896 DI 10.1093/aje/155.10.891 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 552PM UT WOS:000175628800002 PM 11994227 ER PT J AU Edwards, BK Howe, HL Ries, LAG Thun, MJ Rosenberg, HM Yancik, R Wingo, PA Jemal, A Feigal, EG AF Edwards, BK Howe, HL Ries, LAG Thun, MJ Rosenberg, HM Yancik, R Wingo, PA Jemal, A Feigal, EG TI Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1999, featuring implications of age and aging on US cancer burden SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE neoplasm; incidence; mortality; aging; race/ethnicity; surveillance; joinpoint ID TREATMENT TRIALS; SPECIAL SECTION; OLDER PATIENTS; TRENDS; PERSPECTIVES; MORTALITY; PROGRESS; ISSUES; RATES AB BACKGROUND. The American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, collaborated to provide an annual update on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year's report contained a special feature focusing on implications of age and aging on the U.S. cancer burden. METHODS, For 1995 through 1999, age-specific rates and age-adjusted rates were calculated for the major cancers using incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, the National Program of Cancer Registries, and the NAACCR, and mortality data from NCHS. Joinpoint analysis, a model of joined line segments, was used to examine 1973-1999 trends in incidence and death rates by age for the four most common cancers. Deaths were classified using the eighth, ninth, and tenth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases. Age-adjusted incidence and death rates were standardized to the year 2000 population, which places more emphasis on older persons, in whom cancer rates are higher. RESULTS. Across all ages, overall cancer death rates decreased in men and women from 1993 through 1999, while cancer incidence rates stabilized from 1995 through 1999. Age-specific trends varied by site, sex, and race. For example, breast cancer incidence rates increased in women aged 50-64 years, whereas breast cancer death rates decreased in each age group. However, a major determinant of the future cancer burden is the demographic phenomenon of the aging and increasing size of the U.S. population. The total number of cancer cases can be expected to double by 2050 if current incidence rates remain stable. CONCLUSIONS. Despite the continuing decrease in cancer death rates and stabilization of cancer incidence rates, the overall growth and aging of the U.S. population can be expected to increase the burden of cancer in our nation. (C) 2002 American Cancer Society. C1 NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Edwards, BK (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6116 Execut Blvd,Suite 504 MSC 8315, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 65 TC 571 Z9 593 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 10 BP 2766 EP 2792 DI 10.1002/cncr.10593 PG 27 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 548JA UT WOS:000175383800033 PM 12173348 ER PT J AU Jiang, BM Gentsch, JR Glass, RI AF Jiang, BM Gentsch, JR Glass, RI TI The role of serum antibodies in the protection against rotavirus disease: An overview SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; RHESUS-ROTAVIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SEROTYPE-1 ROTAVIRUS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGS AB A critical observation in understanding immunity to rotavirus is that children infected with wild virus or vaccinated with oral live vaccines develop a humoral immune response and are protected against severe disease upon reinfection. Nevertheless, much controversy exists as to whether these serum antibodies are directly involved in protection or merely reflect recent infection, leaving the protective role to mucosal or cell-mediated immunity or to other as-yet-undefined mechanisms. We have reviewed data from a variety of studies in humans, including challenge experiments in adult volunteers, longitudinal studies of rotavirus infection in young children, and clinical trials of animal and animal-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines in infants. These data suggest that serum antibodies, if present at critical levels, are either protective themselves or are an important and powerful correlate of protection against rotavirus disease, even though other host effectors may play an important role as well. C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 136 TC 106 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1351 EP 1361 DI 10.1086/340103 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 546XF UT WOS:000175301100009 PM 11981731 ER PT J AU Monath, TP Cetron, MS AF Monath, TP Cetron, MS TI Prevention of yellow fever in persons traveling to the tropics SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VACCINE; FLAVIVIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN AB Yellow fever (YF) is a potentially lethal mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in Africa and South America. Nine million tourists annually arrive in countries where YF is endemic, and fatal cases of YF have occurred recently in travelers. In this article, we review the risk factors for YF during travel and the use of YF 17D vaccine to prevent the disease. Although the vaccine is highly effective and has a long history of safe use, the occurrence of rare, fatal adverse events has raised new concerns. These events should not deter travelers to areas where YF is endemic from being immunized, because the risk of YF infection and illness may be high in rural areas and cannot be easily defined by existing surveillance. To avoid unnecessary vaccination, physicians should vaccinate persons at risk on the basis of knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease, reports of epidemic activity, season, and the likelihood of exposure to vector mosquitoes. C1 Acambis, Res & Med Affairs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Monath, TP (reprint author), Acambis, Res & Med Affairs, 38 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 48 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1369 EP 1378 DI 10.1086/340104 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 546XF UT WOS:000175301100011 PM 11981733 ER PT J AU Cu-Uvin, S Ko, HJ Jamieson, DJ Hogan, JW Schuman, P Anderson, J Klein, RS AF Cu-Uvin, S Ko, HJ Jamieson, DJ Hogan, JW Schuman, P Anderson, J Klein, RS CA HERS Grp TI Prevalence, incidence, and persistence or recurrence of trichomoniasis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women and among HIV-negative women at high risk for HIV infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM DELIVERY; VAGINALIS INFECTION; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; COHORT AB Trichomoniasis has been implicated in the acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The prevalence, incidence, and persistence or recurrence of trichomoniasis were assessed among HIV-positive women and among HIV-negative women at high risk for HIV infection. A total of 871 HIV-seropositive women and 439 HIV-seronegative women enrolled in the HIV Epidemiology Study (HERS) were seen biannually. The prevalence of trichomoniasis was 9.4%-29.5% among HIV-seropositive women and 8.2%-23.4% among HIV-seronegative women. Prevalence decreased over time, did not vary according to HIV status or CD4 cell count, and was higher among women who reported crack use (P = .02) or cigarette use (P = .02), women who had bacterial vaginosis (P = .02), and those who were black (compared with white women, P < .001). There were no differences, according to HIV status or CD4 cell count, in the adjusted incidence, unadjusted incidence, or persistence or recurrence of trichomoniasis. HIV infection does not make a woman more likely to have prevalent, incident, or persistent or recurrent trichomoniasis. C1 Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Cu-Uvin, S (reprint author), Miriam Hosp, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU206798] NR 20 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1406 EP 1411 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 546XF UT WOS:000175301100016 PM 11981738 ER PT J AU Uyeki, TM Fukuda, K Cox, NJ AF Uyeki, TM Fukuda, K Cox, NJ TI Influenza surveillance with rapid diagnostic tests SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID NEURAMINIDASE DETECTION ASSAY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Influenza Branch, Mailstop A-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1422 EP 1422 DI 10.1086/340268 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 546XF UT WOS:000175301100023 PM 11981745 ER PT J AU Beckles, GLA Thompson-Reid, PE AF Beckles, GLA Thompson-Reid, PE CA CDC TI Socioeconomic status of women with diabetes - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 147-159, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEALTH; US; CARE C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beckles, GLA (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 19 BP 2496 EP 2497 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 551MV UT WOS:000175566200008 ER PT J AU Cintron, Y Kobau, R AF Cintron, Y Kobau, R CA CDC TI Health-related quality of life - Puerto Rico, 1996-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 166-168, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Dept Hlth, Off Assistant Secretary Hlth Promot, San Juan, PR USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cintron, Y (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Off Assistant Secretary Hlth Promot, San Juan, PR USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 19 BP 2497 EP 2499 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 551MV UT WOS:000175566200009 ER PT J AU Hall, P Fojtasek, M Pettigrove, J Sisley, N Perdue, J Hendricks, K Stanley, S Perrotta, D Marfin, AA Campbell, GL Lanciotti, RS Petersen, LR Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Cetron, MS Sharp, D Julian, KG AF Hall, P Fojtasek, M Pettigrove, J Sisley, N Perdue, J Hendricks, K Stanley, S Perrotta, D Marfin, AA Campbell, GL Lanciotti, RS Petersen, LR Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Cetron, MS Sharp, D Julian, KG CA CDC TI Fatal yellow fever in a traveler returning from Amazonas, Brazil, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 324-325, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Corpus Christi Med Ctr Bay Area, Corpus Christi, TX USA. Corpus Christi Nueces Cty Publ Hlth Dist, Corpus Christi, TX USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, P (reprint author), Corpus Christi Med Ctr Bay Area, Corpus Christi, TX USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 19 BP 2499 EP 2500 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 551MV UT WOS:000175566200010 ER PT J AU Hoerger, TJ Bethke, AD Richter, A Sorensen, SW Engelgau, M Thompson, T Narayan, KMV Williamson, DF Gregg, E Zhang, P Eastman, RC Fuller, J Gibbons, CB Haffner, S Herman, WH Howard, B Ratner, R Orchard, T AF Hoerger, TJ Bethke, AD Richter, A Sorensen, SW Engelgau, M Thompson, T Narayan, KMV Williamson, DF Gregg, E Zhang, P Eastman, RC Fuller, J Gibbons, CB Haffner, S Herman, WH Howard, B Ratner, R Orchard, T CA CDC Diabet Cost-Effectiveness Grp TI Cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic control, intensified hypertension control, and serum cholesterol level reduction for type 2 diabetes SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-GLUCOSE CONTROL; DIRECT MEDICAL COSTS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SECULAR TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY AB Context Several treatment interventions can reduce complications of type 2 diabetes, but their relative cost-effectiveness is not known. Objective To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic control (relative to conventional control), intensified hypertension control, and reduction in serum cholesterol level for patients with type 2 diabetes. Design, Setting, and Patients Cost-effectiveness analysis of a hypothetical cohort of individuals living in the United States, aged 25 years or older, who were newly diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. The results of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and other studies were used to create a model of disease progression and treatment patterns. Costs were based on those used in community practices in the United States. Interventions Insulin or sulfonylurea therapy for intensive glycemic control; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or beta-blocker for intensified hypertension control; and pravastatin for reduction of serum cholesterol level. Main Outcome Measures Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, Costs (in 1997 US dollars) and QALYs were discounted at a 3% annual rate. Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for intensive glycemic control is $41384 per QALY; this ratio increased with age at diagnosis from $9614 per QALY for patients aged 25 to 34 years to $2.1 million for patients aged 85 to 94 years. For intensified hypertension control the cost-effectiveness ratio is -$1959 per QALY. The cost-effectiveness ratio for reduction in serum cholesterol level is $51889 per QALY; this ratio varied by age at diagnosis and is lowest for patients diagnosed between the ages of 45 and 84 years. Conclusions Intensified hypertension control reduces costs and improves health outcomes relative to moderate hypertension control. Intensive glycemic control and reduction in serum cholesterol level increase costs and improve health outcomes. The cost-effectiveness ratios for these 2 interventions are comparable with those of several other frequently adopted health care interventions. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Cygnus Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. UCL, London, England. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. MedStar Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Hoerger, TJ (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Richter, Anke/I-9050-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; orchard, trevor/0000-0001-9552-3215 NR 46 TC 304 Z9 307 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 19 BP 2542 EP 2551 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 551MV UT WOS:000175566200023 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA Moore, D Barskey, A Jones, L Moscatiello, C Keyserling, H Anderson, LJ AF Tripp, RA Moore, D Barskey, A Jones, L Moscatiello, C Keyserling, H Anderson, LJ TI Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infants hospitalized because of respiratory syncytial virus infection express T helper-1 and T helper-2 cytokines and CC chemokine messenger RNA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; G GLYCOPROTEIN; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SENSITIZED MICE; US CHILDREN; G-PROTEIN; LYMPHOCYTES; INDUCTION AB The cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was examined in infants aged 1-21 months who were hospitalized because of RSV infection or non-RSV-related illness. RSV- or control-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined to determine RSV- specific intracellular T helper-1 (Th1) and T helper-2 (Th2) cytokine expression, chemokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and cell surface markers. Patients hospitalized because of RSV infection had increased numbers of CD16(+) and CD56(bright) cells and had RSV- specific increases in Th1 (interleukin [IL]-2 and interferon-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-6) cytokines and CC chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES [regulated on activation, normally T cell expressed and secreted]) mRNA expression. The results suggest that RSV infection induces both Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression and CC chemokine expression. C1 Emory Univ, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 62 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 10 BP 1388 EP 1394 DI 10.1086/340505 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 547CE UT WOS:000175314700002 PM 11992272 ER PT J AU Griffin, DD Fletcher, M Levy, ME Ching-Lee, M Nogami, R Edwards, L Peters, H Montague, L Gentsch, JR Glass, RI AF Griffin, DD Fletcher, M Levy, ME Ching-Lee, M Nogami, R Edwards, L Peters, H Montague, L Gentsch, JR Glass, RI TI Outbreaks of adult gastroenteritis traced to a single genotype of rotavirus SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; SEVERITY AB Between November 1998 and December 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention screened samples from 263 outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States and identified 3 that were associated with rotavirus among adults. Rotaviruses from each outbreak were further characterized by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Surprisingly, all specimens were of serotype G2, a strain that is, as determined by high-stringency hybridization analysis, genetically distinct in all 11 gene segments from the other common rotavirus strains in circulation. The unusual coincidence of identification of only G2 strains in these 3 outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis among adults is similar to results from other studies, in which G2 strains were found in association with more-severe disease in children than other rotavirus serotypes and in association with outbreaks of diarrhea among adults in Japan. Although rotavirus infections in adults are relatively uncommon, which indicates that good overall protective immunity exists, the predominance of G2 strains in outbreaks that have occurred in adults suggests that natural immunity to more common strains does not always provide adequate heterotypic immunity to G2 strains. For the rotavirus vaccines under development, special attention may need to be paid to protection against G2 strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bur Epidemiol & Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Govt Dist Columbia, Washington, DC USA. Dept Hlth, Med Microbiol Branch, Pearl City, HI USA. Hale Ola Kina Skilled Nursing Facil, Honolulu, HI USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 10 BP 1502 EP 1505 DI 10.1086/340218 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 547CE UT WOS:000175314700017 PM 11992287 ER PT J AU Agwale, SM Zeh, C Robbins, KE Odama, L Saekhou, A Edubio, A Njoku, M Sani-Gwarzo, N Gboun, MS Gao, F Reitz, M Hone, D Pieniazek, D Wambebe, C Kalish, ML AF Agwale, SM Zeh, C Robbins, KE Odama, L Saekhou, A Edubio, A Njoku, M Sani-Gwarzo, N Gboun, MS Gao, F Reitz, M Hone, D Pieniazek, D Wambebe, C Kalish, ML TI Molecular surveillance of HIV-1 field strains in Nigeria in preparation for vaccine trials SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; molecular epidemiology; vaccine; Nigeria ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE-A; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PREDOMINANCE; RECOMBINANT; INFECTIONS; AFRICA; WEST; ENV AB We conducted a national molecular epidemiologic survey of HIV-1 strains in Nigeria to determine the most prevalent subtype(s) for use in developing candidate vaccines. A total of 230 HIV-1-positive blood samples collected from 34 of the 36 Nigerian states were analyzed by our modified env gp41-based heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) and/or gp41 sequencing and analysis. Overall, 103 (44.8%) were subtype A, 125 (54.3%) were subtype G, one (0.4%) was subtype C. and one (0.4%) was subtype J, and one (0.4%) was unclassifiable, To further characterize Nigerian viruses to aid in strain selection for candidate vaccines, one gp41 subtype G and five gp41 subtype A strains were selected for full envelope sequencing. The one subtype G sequence had consistent phylogenies throughout gp 160. using programs to detect recombination. However, all five sequences that were primarily subtype A in gp41 were found to be recombinant viruses. Two of the five (40%) were A/G/J mosaics with common breakpoints. The remaining three gp 160 recombinants all had their own unique break points: two A/? and one A/?/G,however, all five had the majority of their mosaic breakpoints occurring in gp41. None of the five were consistent with the circulating recombinant form (CRF)O2_AG strain previously reported to be prevalent in West Africa. In conclusion, we showed a clear dominance and widespread distribution of gp41 subtypes A and G in fairly equal proportions, suggesting that vaccines designed for use in this geographic locale should incorporate the gene(s) of both subtypes. However, appreciating the magnitude of diversity of HIV-1 strains in Nigeria may require sequencing and analysis of longer gene regions for the identification of prevalent or emerging CRFs. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Human Virol, Div Vaccine Res, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Inst Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Abuja, Nigeria. Univ Jos, Jos, Nigeria. Fed Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Kalish, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G19 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 16 BP 2131 EP 2139 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00059-2 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00059-2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 558VQ UT WOS:000175988000015 PM 11972982 ER PT J AU Gensheimer, KF Fukuda, K Brammer, L Cox, N Patriarca, PA Strikes, RA AF Gensheimer, KF Fukuda, K Brammer, L Cox, N Patriarca, PA Strikes, RA TI Preparing for pandemic influenza: the need for enhanced surveillance SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fifty Years of Influenza Surveillance: A Challenge for the 21st Century CY FEB 17-19, 1999 CL WORLD HLTH ORG, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO WORLD HLTH ORG DE surveillance; pandemic; bioterrorist event AB In the US, planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring in parallel at the national, state and local levels. Certain issues, such as conducting surveillance and purchasing pandemic vaccine, require co-ordination at the national level. However, most prevention and control actions will be implemented at the state and local levels, which vary widely in terms of population demographics, culture (e.g. rural versus urban) and available resources. In 1995, a survey by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) found that only 29 (59%) states perceived a need to develop a specific influenza pandemic plan for their jurisdiction. Since then, the process of developing state and local plans has gained considerable momentum. Integration of these efforts with the national planning process has been facilitated by: (1) the mutual involvement of state and federal staff in both processes; (2) the sharing of draft documents; (3) the ongoing occurrence of local and national co-ordinating meetings; (4) the provision of financial resources by the federal government. So far, approximately 12 states either have drafted or begun drafting a state and local influenza pandemic plan. One of the benefits of the collaborative planning process has been the development of new working relationships and partnerships among several agencies at the state, local and national levels. Such efforts will improve our collective ability to rapidly investigate and control other emerging or re-emerging public health threats in the 21st century, be it a bioterrorist event, pandemic influenza, or any other catastrophic health event. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Div Dis Control, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gensheimer, KF (reprint author), Div Dis Control, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 20 SU 2 BP S63 EP S65 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00135-4 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00135-4 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 559TD UT WOS:000176040700016 PM 12110262 ER PT J AU Schmale, MC Gibbs, PDL Campbell, CE AF Schmale, MC Gibbs, PDL Campbell, CE TI A virus-like agent associated with neurofibromatosis in damselfish SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE neurofibroma; damselfish; tumor; virus; Schwann cell; chromatophore ID BICOLOR DAMSELFISH; POMACENTRUS-PARTITUS; CELL-LINES; EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA; RETROVIRUSES; INDUCTION; SEQUENCE; FLORIDA; DISEASE; TUMORS AB Damselfish neurofibromatosis (DNF) is a transmissible disease involving neurofibromas and chromatophoromas affecting bicolor damselfish Stegastes partitus on Florida reefs. Analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blotting techniques demonstrated the presence of a group of extrachromosomal DNAs in tumors from fish affected with DNF but not in healthy individuals. Cell lines obtained from tumors contained identical DNAs and were shown to be tumorigenic in vivo, while lines established from healthy fish did not contain such DNA and were not tumorigenic. These DNA patterns were also observed in experimentally induced tumors. A DNase resistant component of this DNA was isolated from both tumor cells and conditioned media of tumor cell lines suggesting that these sequences were encapsulated in viral particles. These data support the hypothesis that one or more of these extrachromosomal DNA forms is the genome of an unusual virus and that this virus is the etiologic agent of DNF. We have tentatively termed this agent the damselfish virus-like agent (DVLA). C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schmale, MC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05705]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS36998] NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.3354/dao049107 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 565NR UT WOS:000176376800004 PM 12078978 ER PT J AU Fellows, JL Trosclair, A Adams, EK Rivera, CC AF Fellows, JL Trosclair, A Adams, EK Rivera, CC TI Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs - United States, 1995-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 300-303, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fellows, JL (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 18 BP 2355 EP 2356 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 548PF UT WOS:000175397000010 ER PT J AU Mackey, TA Page, EH Martinez, KF Seitz, TA Bernard, BP Tepper, AL Weyant, RS Rosenstein, NE Perkins, BA Popovic, T Holmes, HT Shepard, CW AF Mackey, TA Page, EH Martinez, KF Seitz, TA Bernard, BP Tepper, AL Weyant, RS Rosenstein, NE Perkins, BA Popovic, T Holmes, HT Shepard, CW TI Suspected cutaneous anthrax in a laboratory worker - Texas, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 279-281, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77225 USA. CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mackey, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77225 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 18 BP 2356 EP 2358 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 548PF UT WOS:000175397000011 ER PT J AU Borio, L Inglesby, T Peters, CJ Schmaljohn, AL Hughes, JM Jahrling, PB Ksiazek, T Johnson, KM Meyerhoff, A O'Toole, T Ascher, MS Bartlett, J Breman, JG Eitzen, EM Hamburg, M Hauer, J Henderson, A Johnson, RT Kwik, G Layton, M Lillibridge, S Nabel, GJ Osterholm, MT Perl, TM Russell, P Tonat, K AF Borio, L Inglesby, T Peters, CJ Schmaljohn, AL Hughes, JM Jahrling, PB Ksiazek, T Johnson, KM Meyerhoff, A O'Toole, T Ascher, MS Bartlett, J Breman, JG Eitzen, EM Hamburg, M Hauer, J Henderson, A Johnson, RT Kwik, G Layton, M Lillibridge, S Nabel, GJ Osterholm, MT Perl, TM Russell, P Tonat, K CA Working Grp Civilian Biodef TI Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons - Medical and public health management SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; MARCH-APRIL 1972; LASSA FEVER; EBOLA-VIRUS; MARBURG-VIRUS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; WEST AFRICA; JUNIN VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS RIBAVIRIN AB Objective To develop consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) are used as biological weapons against a civilian population. Participants The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense included 26 representatives from academic medical centers, public health, military services, governmental agencies, and other emergency management institutions. Evidence MEDLINE was searched from January 1966 to January 2002. Retrieved references, relevant material published prior to 1966, and additional sources identified by participants were reviewed. Consensus Process Three formal drafts of the statement that synthesized information obtained in the evidence-gathering process were reviewed by the working group. Each draft incorporated comments and judgments of the members. All members approved the final draft. Conclusions Weapons disseminating a number of HFVs could cause an outbreak of an undifferentiated febrile illness 2 to 21 days later, associated with clinical manifestations that could include rash, hemorrhagic diathesis, and shock. The mode of transmission and clinical course would vary depending on the specific pathogen. Diagnosis may be delayed given clinicians' unfamiliarity with these diseases, heterogeneous clinical presentation within an infected cohort, and lack of widely available diagnostic tests. Initiation of ribavirin therapy in the early phases of illness may be useful in treatment of some of these viruses, although extensive experience is lacking. There are no licensed vaccines to treat the diseases caused by HFVs. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NIH, Ctr Clin, Dept Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US FDA, Off Commiss, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD USA. US Dept HHS, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Nucl Threat Initiat, Washington, DC USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Policy, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Borio, L (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, 111 Market Pl,Suite 830, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM Lborio@jhsph.edu NR 140 TC 382 Z9 398 U1 38 U2 233 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 18 BP 2391 EP 2405 DI 10.1001/jama.287.18.2391 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 548PF UT WOS:000175397000028 PM 11988060 ER PT J AU McQuillan, GM Kruszon-Moran, D Deforest, A Chu, SY Wharton, M AF McQuillan, GM Kruszon-Moran, D Deforest, A Chu, SY Wharton, M TI Serologic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the United States SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Serologic data on diseases that are preventable by vaccine are useful to evaluate the success of immunization programs and to identify susceptible subgroups. Objective: To provide national estimates of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus by measurement of serum antibody levels. Design: Examination of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative cross-sectional sample of the U.S. population. Setting: 89 randomly selected locations throughout the United States. Participants: 18 045 persons 6 years of age or older who were examined from 1988 to 1994. Measurements: Serum samples obtained at a single time point were tested for diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin. Results: Overall, 60.5% of Americans 6 years of age or older had fully protective levels of diphtheria antibody (greater than or equal to0.10 IU/mL) and 72.3% had protective levels of tetanus antibody (>0.15 IU/mL). Ninety-one percent of Americans 6 to 11 years of age had protective levels of both diphtheria and tetanus antibody; this proportion decreased to approximately 30% among persons 70 years of age (29.5% for diphtheria and 31.0% for tetanus). Adult Mexican-Americans were slightly less likely to have protective levels of antibody to both toxins. Only 47% of persons 20 years of age or older had levels that were protective against both diseases, and only 63% of adults who were protected against tetanus were also protected against diphtheria. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of adults in the United States do not have antibody levels that are protective against diphtheria and tetanus. In addition, although the recommended vaccine is a combination of tetanus and diphtheria, only 63% of adults with protective antibody to tetanus also had protective antibody to diphtheria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. St Christophers Hosp Children, Philadelphia, PA 19133 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McQuillan, GM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 1000, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 24 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 136 IS 9 BP 660 EP 666 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 547XK UT WOS:000175357900003 PM 11992301 ER PT J AU Gonzales, R Besser, RE AF Gonzales, R Besser, RE TI Principles of judicious antibiotic use: Nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections - In response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gonzales, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 136 IS 9 BP 709 EP 709 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 547XK UT WOS:000175357900012 ER PT J AU Montesano, MA Colley, DG Willard, MT Freeman, GL Secor, WE AF Montesano, MA Colley, DG Willard, MT Freeman, GL Secor, WE TI Idiotypes expressed early in experimental Schistosoma mansoni infections predict clinical outcomes of chronic disease SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE schistosomiasis; idiotypes; splenomegaly; mice; fibrosis ID MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; JAPONICUM INFECTION; LIVER PATHOLOGY; DEFICIENT MICE; EGG GRANULOMA; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; MODULATION AB In murine Schistosoma mansoni infections, schistosome-specific cross-reactive idiocypes (CRI) are present in the sera of mice with moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS) at 20 wk after infection. In contrast, sera from animals that have the more severe hypersplenomegaly syndrome (HSS) at 20 wk of infection do not express these CRI in their sera. To examine when these regulatory CRI first appear in mice that eventually develop MSS, sera from infected animals were monitored for CRI from 1.5 to 20 wk of infection. In mice that eventually developed MSS, CRI were detected by 5 to 6 wk after infection, plateaued by 8 to 10 wk, and persisted through 20 wk of infection. Animals that developed HSS pathology or that died before 20 wk of infection never expressed CRI. Moreover, CRI levels present in the sera of mice at 6 wk of infection were inversely correlated with splenomegaly and hepatic fibrosis, but not with parasitologic measures, at 20 wk after infection. These results suggest that critical events occur very early in some schistosome infections that induce the production of regulatory idiotypes and that the presence or absence of these idiotypes predicts, and possibly determines, subsequent morbidity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), CDCP, Immunol Branch,Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 195 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1084/jem.20020329 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 560ZF UT WOS:000176110700015 PM 11994428 ER PT J AU Amara, RR Villinger, F Altman, JD Lydy, SL O'Neil, SP Staprans, SI Montefiori, DC Xu, Y Herndon, JG Wyatt, LS Candido, MA Kozyr, NL Earl, PL Smith, JM Ma, HL Grimm, BD Hulsey, ML McClure, HM McNicholl, JM Moss, B Robinson, HL AF Amara, RR Villinger, F Altman, JD Lydy, SL O'Neil, SP Staprans, SI Montefiori, DC Xu, Y Herndon, JG Wyatt, LS Candido, MA Kozyr, NL Earl, PL Smith, JM Ma, HL Grimm, BD Hulsey, ML McClure, HM McNicholl, JM Moss, B Robinson, HL TI Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Global HIV Therapeutics - HIV Vaccines CY JUN 07-09, 2001 CL KAROLINSKA INST, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN HO KAROLINSKA INST DE mucosal challenged; multiprotein; heterologous prime; boost ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; PATHOGENIC SIV; INFECTION; RESPONSES; TYPE-1 AB Heterologous prime/boost regimens have the potential for raising high levels of immune responses. Here, we report that DNA priming followed by a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) booster has controlled a highly pathogenic immunodeficiency virus challenge in a Rhesus macaque model. Both the DNA and rMVA components of the vaccine expressed multiple immunodeficiency virus proteins. Two DNA inoculations at 0 and 8 weeks and a single rMVA booster at 24 weeks effectively controlled an intrarectal challenge administered 7 months after the booster. These highly promising findings provide hope that a relatively simple multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine can help to control the AIDS epidemic. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Vaccine Res Ctr, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Vaccine Res Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Vaccine Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NIAID, NIH, Viral Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Vaccine Res Ctr, Div Infect Dis,Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. RP Robinson, HL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Vaccine Res Ctr, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hrobins@rmy.emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR 00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI 43045]; NIDA NIH HHS [P30 DA 12121] NR 14 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 15 SI SI BP 1949 EP 1955 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00076-2 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00076-2 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 552MR UT WOS:000175624600015 PM 11983252 ER PT J AU Kanshana, S Simonds, RJ AF Kanshana, S Simonds, RJ TI National program for preventing mother-child HIV transmission in Thailand: successful implementation and lessons learned SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE prevention; perinatal HIV transmission; vertical transmission; antiretroviral therapy; HIV counselling; HIV testing; Thailand; Asia ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; BANGKOK; WOMEN; TRIAL AB Objective: To describe the development, components, and initial uptake of Thailand's national program for preventing mother-child HIV transmission. Design: Historical review, interpretation of experience, national program monitoring. Setting: Public health system, Thailand. Participants: Policymakers, clinicians, HIV-infected pregnant women. Intervention: Voluntary counseling and HIV testing of pregnant women; short-course zidovudine for HIV-infected women and their infants and formula feeding for infants. Main outcome measures: Program components implemented and program uptake. Results: Research, monitoring and evaluation of pilot projects, training, and policymaking provided the information, experience, infrastructure, and guidance to develop a program for preventing mother-child HIV transmission that was implemented in all Ministry of Public Health hospitals in Thailand in 2000. A national system was established to monitor program implementation. Monitoring reports were received from 669 hospitals in 65 provinces for the period October 2000 through July 2001. During this period, 93% of 318 721 women who gave birth were tested for HIV, 69% of 3958 HIV-infected women giving birth received zidovudine; and 86% and 80% of the 3865 children born to HIV-infected women received zidovudine and infant formula, respectively, through the program. Conclusions: A national program for preventing mother-child HIV transmission was successfully implemented in Thailand. Early monitoring indicates good program uptake. Lessons learned from implementing this program include the importance of paying attention to counseling, communication, and training in the program, and using pilot projects and focused monitoring and evaluation data to guide the program development, expansion, and improvement. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simonds, RJ (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, DMS Bldg 6 Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 36 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 7 BP 953 EP 959 DI 10.1097/00002030-200205030-00001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 550TC UT WOS:000175517900001 PM 11953461 ER PT J AU Rozovsky, I Hoving, S Anderson, CP O'Callaghan, J Finch, CE AF Rozovsky, I Hoving, S Anderson, CP O'Callaghan, J Finch, CE TI Equine estrogens induce apolipoprotein E and glial fibrillary acidic protein in mixed glial cultures SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE equine estrogens; premarin; glia; apolipoprotein E; glial fibrillary acidic protein; plasticity ID IN-VITRO; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; DEPENDENT MECHANISM; MICROGLIA; PHARMACOKINETICS; ASTROCYTES; INCREASES; NEURONS; VIVO AB Premarin, which contains several equine estrogens, as well as estradiol (E2) as a minor component, is widely used for replacement therapy of estrogen deficits, but little is known of its direct actions on brain cells. In mixed glial cultures, apolipoprotein E (apoE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are induced by estrogens. GFAP induction showed an inverted-U shape E2 dose response, with a maximum induction at 1 pM, whereas apoE mRNA induction was greatest at 100 pM. GFAP and ApoE mRNAs were induced by equine estrogens in the following order: E2 = equilin > estrone > 17alpha-dihydroequilenin. However, the induction of apoE secretion by 17alpha-dihydroequilenin was as effective as by the other estrogens. The greater response of apoE secretion than GFAP mRNA induction to 17alpha-dihydroequilenin might be therapeutically important because of the glial scarring during brain lesions, in which GFAP induction has a major role in inhibiting neurite outgrowth, whereas apoE secretion supports neurite outgrowth. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontol Ctr, Neurogerontol Div, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Erasmus Univ, Lab Expt Surg Oncol, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Acad Hosp, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Rozovsky, I (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontol Ctr, Neurogerontol Div, 3715 McClintoch Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-14751, AG-09793] NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 323 IS 3 BP 191 EP 194 AR PII S0304-3940(02)00146-5 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00146-5 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 552QX UT WOS:000175632000007 PM 11959417 ER PT J AU Yoshimura, Y Brock, JW Makino, T Nakazawa, H AF Yoshimura, Y Brock, JW Makino, T Nakazawa, H TI Measurement of bisphenol A in human serum by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; human serum; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; pentafluorobenzyl bromide ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIGLYCIDYL ETHER; PHENOLS; SAMPLES; ACIDS AB The purpose of this study is to establish an easy and accurate method for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in the human serum. The samples were applied to the C(18) solid phase extraction (SPE) column for clean up of samples. The BPA is conjugated with tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as the counter ion in alkali solution. The ion paired BPA is moves from the aqueous phase to the organic phase as an ion paired extraction. BPA extracted from human serum were derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr). The derivative was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) using negative chemical ionization (NO). The instrumental detection limit of BPA was 5 pg/ml (10 fg). The instrumental (r(2) = 0.998). The recovery of BPA spiked into human response between 0.01 and 100 pg/ml of BPA standards was linear serum was 101.0 +/- 4.63 (10 pg/ml) and 100.9 +/- 3.75 (10 pg/ml), respectively. The concentration of BPA in the human serum from 20 individuals was 0.54 pg/ml. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hoshi Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, Shinagawa Ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Isehara, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan. RP Yoshimura, Y (reprint author), Hoshi Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, Shinagawa Ku, 2-4-41 Ebara, Tokyo 1428501, Japan. EM yosimura@hoshi.ac.jp NR 20 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 458 IS 2 BP 331 EP 336 AR PII S0003-2670(02)00077-6 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00077-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 554TD UT WOS:000175752500009 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Abrams, M Yakrus, M Schwartz, I Ely, J Gillies, D Vugia, DJ AF Winthrop, KL Abrams, M Yakrus, M Schwartz, I Ely, J Gillies, D Vugia, DJ TI An outbreak of mycobacterial furunculosis associated with footbaths at a nail salon SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER SAMPLES; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS; ELECTROPHORESIS; PATTERNS; DNA AB Background: In September 2000, a physician in northern California described four patients with persistent, culture-negative boils on the lower extremities. The patients had received pedicures at the same nail salon. We identified and investigated an outbreak of Mycobacterium fortuitum furunculosis among customers of this nail salon. Methods: Patients were defined as salon customers with persistent skin infections below the knee. A case-control study was conducted that included the first 48 patients identified, and 56 unaffected friends and family members who had had a pedicure at the same salon served as controls. Selected M. fortuitum isolates, cultured from patients and the salon environment, were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results: We identified 110 customers of the nail salon who had furunculosis. Cultures from 34 were positive for rapidly growing mycobacteria (32 M. fortuitum and 2 unidentified). Most of the affected patients had more than 1 boil (median, 2; range, 1 to 37). All patients and controls had had whirlpool footbaths. Shaving the legs with a razor before pedicure was a risk factor for infection (70 percent of patients vs. 31 percent of controls; adjusted odds ratio, 4.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 11.1). Cultures from all 10 footbaths at the salon yielded M. fortuitum. The M. fortuitum isolates from three footbaths and 14 patients were indistinguishable by electrophoresis. Conclusions: We identified a large outbreak of rapidly growing mycobacterial infections among persons who had had footbaths and pedicures at one nail salon. Physicians should suspect this cause in patients with persistent furunculosis after exposure to whirlpool footbaths. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, TB Mycobacterial Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Santa Cruz Cty Dept Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Rm 708,2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 21 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 02 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 18 BP 1366 EP 1371 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa012643 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 546MZ UT WOS:000175279000004 PM 11986410 ER PT J AU Gao, PF Chen, BT Baron, PA Soderholm, SC AF Gao, PF Chen, BT Baron, PA Soderholm, SC TI A numerical study of the performance of an aerosol sampler with a curved, blunt, multi-orificed inlet SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; FLOW; SURFACE AB The purpose of this study was to numerically simulate the performance of an aerosol sampler with a curved, blunt, multi-orificed inlet in order to understand the sampling characteristics of the first prototype of the button personal inhalable aerosol sampler ("button sampler"). Because the button sampler inlet design is too complicated to apply a three-dimensional model, an axisymmetric two-dimensional model was created to be similar in geometry and to simulate the major features of the airflow through the sampler when facing the wind. Particle trajectories were calculated in a variety of wind velocities and were categorized into 5 groups based on their interactions with the curved surface of the sampling plane. Empirical sampling efficiencies of the button sampler for 3 particle sizes were used to adjust the calculated sampling efficiencies in an attempt to improve the accuracy of the two-dimensional axisymmetric model in accounting for interactions between particles and the surface of the inlet of the button sampler. Sampling efficiencies for other particle sizes were then predicted. The results showed that sampling efficiency decreased with increasing particle size up to approximately 40 mum and then remained virtually unchanged at about 35% up to 100 mum. Although the efficiencies were lower than the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' (ACGIH) inhalability curve for larger particles, the pattern of the predicted sampling efficiency was quite similar to the ACGIH inhalability curve. Sampling efficiencies for liquid aerosol particles larger than 15 mum were predicted to be noticeably lower than those for solid particles. The results also showed that the multi-orificed curved surface played an important role in establishing a pressure drop with desired flow alignment inside the sampler, thus greatly reducing the wind effect and significantly improving the uniformity of particle deposition on the filter. The less uniform deposition found at high wind velocity can be improved by increasing the sampling flow rate. C1 NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Gao, PF (reprint author), NIOSH, POB 18070,Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. OI Soderholm, Sidney/0000-0001-8557-3868 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 540 EP 553 DI 10.1080/02786820252883784 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546ME UT WOS:000175277200004 ER PT J AU Baron, PA Bennett, JS AF Baron, PA Bennett, JS TI Calculation of leakage and particle loss in filter cassettes SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BYPASS LEAKAGE; AEROSOL PENETRATION; IMPACTION; QUANTIFICATION; CAPILLARIES; SURFACES; CAPTURE AB Experimental evidence of aerosol bypass leakage around the filter in plastic filter cassettes prompted an investigation using computational fluid dynamics to explain particle penetration through the leak. Axi-symmetric models of a cassette with several leak dimensions were constructed. The models predicted that submicrometer particles penetrated the leak, but that larger particles impacted on the filter surface. Experimental data from another study clearly indicated that larger solid particles were being lost from the surface of the filter during sampling. When particle bounce was invoked as an explanation for this loss of sampled solid particles, the theoretical loss from the filter in cassettes with large leaks exhibited characteristics similar to the experimental data. For small leaks, the mass loss behavior appeared to be more complex. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Baron, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, MS R3 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 632 EP 641 DI 10.1080/02786820252883865 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546ME UT WOS:000175277200012 ER PT J AU Estill, CF Watkins, DS Shulman, SA Kurimo, RW Kovein, RJ AF Estill, CF Watkins, DS Shulman, SA Kurimo, RW Kovein, RJ TI Engineering controls for furniture strippers to meet the OSHA methylene chloride PEL SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE dip tank; furniture stripping; methylene chloride; sampling; small business AB This case study demonstrates how methylene chloride exposures during furniture stripping can be reduced to below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 25 ppm (as an 8-hour time-weighted average). Five surveys were conducted at one facility; the first four resulted in employee exposure geometric means from 39 to 332 ppm. For the fifth survey local exhaust ventilation was used at the stripping tank and the rinsing area, which together exhausted 138 m(3)/min (4860 ft(3)/min). Additional controls included providing adequate make-up air, adding paraffin wax to the stripping solution, raising the level of the stripping solution in the tank, and discussing good work practices with the employee. The employees' methylene chloride exposures during the fifth survey resulted in a geometric mean of 5.6 ppm with a 95% upper confidence limit of 8.3 ppm, which was found to be significantly lower than the OSHA PEL and the OSHA action level of 12.5 ppm. The cost of the ventilation system was $8900. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Estill, CF (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 3 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.1080/15428110208984721 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 563JN UT WOS:000176252700011 PM 12174809 ER PT J AU Earnest, GS Dunn, KH Hall, RM McCleery, RE McCammon, JB AF Earnest, GS Dunn, KH Hall, RM McCleery, RE McCammon, JB TI An evaluation of an engineering control to prevent carbon monoxide poisonings of individuals on and around houseboats SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; combustion; engineering control; exhaust stack; houseboats; poisoning AB From 1990 to 2000, a total of 111 carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings occurred on Lake Powell near the Arizona and Utah border. Seventy-four of the poisonings occurred on houseboats, and 64 were attributable to generator exhaust alone. Seven of the 74 houseboat-related CO poisonings resulted in death. Although many of the reported CO poisonings occurred to members of the general public, some poisonings involved workers performing houseboat maintenance. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated an engineering control retrofitted to a houseboat gasoline-powered generator to reduce the hazard of CO poisoning from the exhaust. The control consisted of a water separator and a 17-foot exhaust stack that extended 9 feet above the upper deck of the houseboat. When compared to a houseboat having no engineering controls, study results showed that the exhaust stack provides a dramatically safer environment to individuals on or near the houseboat. CO concentrations were reduced by 10 times or more at numerous locations on the houseboat. Average CO concentrations near the rear swim deck of the houseboat, an area where occupants frequently congregate, were reduced from an average of 606.6 ppm to 2.85 ppm, a reduction greater than 99%. CO concentrations were also reduced on the upper deck of the houseboat. Hazardous CO concentration in the confined area beneath the rear swim deck were eliminated. Based on the results of this study, it is clear that houseboats having gasoline-powered generators that have been outfitted from the factory or retrofitted with an exhaust stack that extends well above the upper deck of the boat will greatly reduce the hazard of CO poisoning. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Earnest, GS (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Dunn, Kevin/I-2195-2012 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 3 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1080/15428110208984726 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 563JN UT WOS:000176252700016 PM 12173187 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Bowman, BA Otvos, JD Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Bowman, BA Otvos, JD Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI Differences in the relation of obesity to serum triacylglycerol and VLDL subclass concentrations between black and white children: the Bogalusa Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE blacks; whites; children; lipids; lipoprotein subclasses; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; triacylglycerol; VLDL; the Bogalusa Heart Study ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; BODY-MASS INDEX; REGIONAL ADIPOSITY; PLASMA-LIPIDS; MEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SUBFRACTIONS AB Background: Obese children and adults, particularly those with abdominal obesity, have an elevated serum triacylglycerol concentration. Furthermore, triacylglycerol concentrations are generally higher in whites than in blacks, and the relation of obesity to triacylglycerol concentrations may be stronger in whites. However, there is little information on the relation of obesity to the metabolically distinct subclasses of VLDL in children. Objective: The objective was to examine possible differences between blacks (n = 367) and whites (n = 549) in mean concentrations of triacylglycerols, in mean concentrations of small and large VLDL, and in the relation of waist circumference to concentrations of triacylglycerol and VLDL subclasses. Design: We measured VLDL subclass concentrations and assessed the relation of various obesity indexes to triacylglycerols in a cross-sectional study of 10- to 17-y-olds. Results: The mean triacylglycerol concentration was 0.3 mmol/L (25 mg/dL) higher in white than in black children, primarily because of a 0.2-mmol/L (140%) difference in mean concentrations of large VLDL. In contrast, the mean concentrations of small VLDL differed by only 0.05 mmol/L (29%). In addition, the relations of waist girth to concentrations of triacylglycerol and large VLDL were 2- to 6-fold stronger among white children than among black children. Although white children had higher concentrations of large VLDL than did black children, this difference increased from 0.1 to 0.4 mmol/L across quintiles of waist circumference. Waist circumference was not significantly related to concentrations of small VLDL. Conclusion: These contrasting associations with obesity, which differ between white and black children, suggest that information on VLDL subclasses could provide additional information on the risk of obesity-related ischemic heart disease. C1 CDC, Div Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. LipoMed Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolins State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS-K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 38844]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-16592] NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 75 IS 5 BP 827 EP 833 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 545CA UT WOS:000175197600006 PM 11976155 ER PT J AU Wattigney, WA Mensah, GA Croft, JB AF Wattigney, WA Mensah, GA Croft, JB TI Increased atrial fibrillation mortality: United States, 1980-1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrial fibrillation; atrial flutter; cardiovascular diseases; death; heart diseases ID RISK-FACTORS; TRENDS; PREVALENCE; STROKE; PREVENTION; STATISTICS; IMPACT; ADULTS; DEATH AB The authors used death certificate data to evaluate national trends in the reporting of atrial fibrillation as an underlying or contributory cause of death for groups defined by age (45 years or older), sex, and race (Black vs. White) and to examine comorbidity. The multiple-causes mortality files from 1980 through 1998 were analyzed for decedents, with atrial fibrillation (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 427.3) listed as one of up to 20 conditions causing death. The number of decedents with atrial fibrillation increased from 18,947 in 1980 to 61,946 in 1998, and the proportion with atrial fibrillation reported as the underlying cause of death rose from 8.3% in 1980 to 11.6% in 1998. Age-standardized death rates from 1980 to 1998 were consistently highest among White men, followed (in descending order) by White women, Black men, and Black women. Overall, the age-standardized rate (per 100,000) increased from 27.6 in 1980 to 69.8 in 1998 (an average annual increase of 5.4%, p < 0.0001). Ischemic heart disease was the most frequent underlying cause of death among decedents with atrial fibrillation (26.8%). These findings emphasize the need for increased application of proven prevention and control measures to decrease associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. C1 CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wattigney, WA (reprint author), CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 24 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 9 BP 819 EP 826 DI 10.1093/aje/155.9.819 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 548PJ UT WOS:000175397300006 PM 11978585 ER PT J AU Doyle, TJ Glynn, MK Groseclose, SL AF Doyle, TJ Glynn, MK Groseclose, SL TI Completeness of notifiable infectious disease reporting in the United States: An analytical literature review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE communicable disease control; disease notification; population surveillance; review literature ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; AIDS SURVEILLANCE; RECORD-LINKAGE; TUBERCULOSIS SURVEILLANCE; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; SHIGELLA SURVEILLANCE; DEATH CERTIFICATES AB Despite state and local laws requiring medical providers to report notifiable infectious diseases to public health authorities, reporting is believed to be incomplete. Through means of an analytical literature review, the authors synthesize current knowledge on the completeness of disease reporting and identify factors associated with reporting completeness. The review was limited to published studies, conducted in the United States between 1970 and 1999, that quantitatively assessed infectious disease reporting completeness. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Reporting completeness, expressed between 0% and 100%, was treated as the dependent outcome variable in statistical analysis; disease, study location, time period, study design, and study size were treated as independent variables. Fifty-six distinct measures of reporting completeness were identified for 21 diseases. Reporting completeness varied from 9% to 99% and was most strongly associated with the disease being reported. The mean reporting completeness for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis as a group was significantly higher (79%) than for all other diseases combined (49%) (p < 0.01). C1 CDCP, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Doyle, TJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Mail Stop K-74,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 73 TC 134 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 9 BP 866 EP 874 DI 10.1093/aje/155.9.866 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 548PJ UT WOS:000175397300013 PM 11978592 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Dowling, NF Wenger, NK Dilley, A Ellingsen, D Evatt, BL AF Hooper, WC Dowling, NF Wenger, NK Dilley, A Ellingsen, D Evatt, BL TI Relationship of venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarction with the renin-angiotensin system in African-Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE venous thromboembolism; angiotensin-converting enzyme; African-Americans; myocardial infarction ID VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; ENZYME ACE GENE; CONVERTING ENZYME; THROMBOSIS; VARIANT; RISK; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB Genetic polymorphisms/mutations associated with venous thrombosis have largely been confined to the genes that encode for proteins in either the coagulant or the anticoagulant pathway. Although genetic alterations in the renin-angiotensin system have been reported to have a role in myocardial infarction and hypertension, there is recent evidence to suggest that there may also be an association with venous thrombosis. To extend our earlier observation of an association between the ACE DD genotype in African-American males and venous thrombosis, other genes in the renin-angiotensin pathway were investigated for possible disease association and were compared with African-Americans with myocardial infarction. African-American patients with a documented history of venous thrombosis or a history of myocardial infarction were eligible for participation as cases in the study. Control subjects were African-American outpatients attending a clinical laboratory for routine blood tests who had comparable age and gender distributions to the cases. Persons with a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or thrombosis were excluded. Genes that were analyzed for known polymorphisms included angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and the angiotensin 11 type I receptor. Our results showed that the ACE DD genotype was also associated with MI in African-American males but not in females. Racial/ethnic and sex differences were also found with respect to the genotype distribution of the ACE 4656(CT)(2/3) polymorphism. It was observed that the 2/2 genotype had a protective effective in males for myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis. The data also demonstrated that the allele frequencies of the A1166C variant of the angiotensin 11 type I receptor were different in African-Americans as compared to Caucasians. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Cardiac & Coumadin Clin, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, MS DO2 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1002/ajh.10078 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 548TP UT WOS:000175406200001 PM 11994975 ER PT J AU Huang, GD Feuerstein, M Sauter, SL AF Huang, GD Feuerstein, M Sauter, SL TI Occupational stress and work-related upper extremity disorders: Concepts and models SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Work-Related Upper Expremity Disorders CY NOV 06-07, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Off Ergon Res Comm, Ctr Disabil Res, Liberty Mutual Res Ctr DE occupational stress; psychosocial factors; work-related upper extremity disorders; models; work organization ID CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETERS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DECISION LATITUDE; JOB STRESS; HEALTH; SYMPTOMS; STRAIN; PAIN AB Background While research has suggested that interventions targeted at occupational stress (job stress) factors may improve clinical and work outcomes related to work-related musculoskeletal disorders, the emerging hypotheses relating occupational stress to work-related upper extremity disorders (WRUEDs) are not particularly well known among occupational health providers and researchers. Methods Generic job stress and health models and multivariable models of WRUEDs were described and evaluated. Results Models on occupational stress and health/WRUEDs offer unique perspectives on the role of occupational stressors on WRUEDs. However the limited support for the structure and proposed mechanisms of these models suggest that investigations examining and validating proposed biobehavioral pathways are still needed. Discussion Difficulties in conceptualizing occupational stress have, in the past, hindered its systematic incorporation into occupational health research and prevention/intervention strategies. The present paper provides a common basis for researchers and practitioners with diverse backgrounds to understand job stress and its relation to WRUEDs in order to enhance future efforts. Given the present limitations in the field and the need for comprehensive approaches to WRUEDs, there is great potential for occupational health researchers and clinicians to advance knowledge in this area. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Behav Med, Washington, DC USA. NIOSH, Org Sci & Human Factors Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Huang, GD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Duncan, Kirsty/H-1911-2011 NR 70 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 298 EP 314 DI 10.1002/ajim.10045 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 542YG UT WOS:000175072800002 PM 12071486 ER PT J AU Coresh, J Astor, BC McQuillan, G Kusek, J Greene, T Van Lente, F Levey, AS AF Coresh, J Astor, BC McQuillan, G Kusek, J Greene, T Van Lente, F Levey, AS TI Calibration and random variation of the serum creatinine assay as critical elements of using equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE glomerular filtration rate (GFR); prediction equations; serum creatinine ID CHRONIC RENAL-DISEASE; CLEARANCE; PREDICTION; AMERICAN AB Equations using serum creatinine level, age, sex, and other patient characteristics often are used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in both clinical practice and research studies. However, the critical dependence of these equations on serum creatinine assay calibration often is overlooked, and the reproducibility of estimated GFR is rarely discussed. We address these issues in frozen samples from 212 Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study participants and 342 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111) participants assayed for serum creatinine level a second time during November 2000. Variation in serum creatinine level was assessed in 1,919 NHANES III participants who had serum creatinine measured on two visits a median of 17 days apart. Linear regression was used to compare estimates. Calibration of serum creatinine varied substantially across laboratories and time. Data indicate that serum creatinine assays on the same samples were 0.23 mg/dL higher in the NHANES III than MDRD study. Data from the College of American Pathologists suggest that a difference of this magnitude across laboratories is not unusual. Conversely, serum creatinine assays an average of 2 weeks apart have better precision (SD of percentage of difference in estimated GFR, 15%; 90% of estimates within 21%). Errors in calibration make little difference in estimating severely decreased GFR (<30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), but result in progressively larger differences at higher GFRs. Both clinical and research use of serum creatinine or equations to estimate GFR require knowledge of the calibration of the serum creatinine assay. (C) 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Cleveland Clin, Res Fdn, Cleveland, PA USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Nephrol, Boston, MA USA. RP Coresh, J (reprint author), 2024 E Monument, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00722]; NHLBI NIH HHS [T32HL7024]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK48362, R01 DK53869, UO1 DK35073] NR 14 TC 518 Z9 527 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 920 EP 929 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.32765 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 548JQ UT WOS:000175385200002 PM 11979335 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Stroup, DF AF Thacker, SB Stroup, DF TI Methods and interpretation in systematic reviews: Commentary on two parallel reviews of epidural analgesia during labor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Nature and Management of Labor Pain CY MAY 04-05, 2001 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Matern Ctr Assoc, New York Acak Med ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; PUBLICATION BIAS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; METAANALYSES; LANGUAGES; ENGLISH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 186 IS 5 SU 1 BP S78 EP S80 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.123635 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 556LY UT WOS:000175852300006 PM 12011874 ER PT J AU Fielding, JE Mullen, PD Brownson, RC Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Land, GH Mahan, CS Nolan, PA Scrimshaw, SC Teutsch, SM Thompson, RS Norris, SL AF Fielding, JE Mullen, PD Brownson, RC Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Land, GH Mahan, CS Nolan, PA Scrimshaw, SC Teutsch, SM Thompson, RS Norris, SL CA Task Force Commun Prevent Serv TI Recommendations for healthcare system and self-management education interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; delivery of health care; health education; community health services; decision making; evidence-based medicine; preventive health services; public health practice; review literature ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-10,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Baik, Inkyung/0000-0002-9524-4344 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 550JE UT WOS:000175499200005 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Nichols, PJ Caspersen, CJ Glasgow, RE Engelgau, MM Jack, L Isham, G Snyder, SR Carande-Kulis, VG Garfield, S Briss, P McCulloch, D AF Norris, SL Nichols, PJ Caspersen, CJ Glasgow, RE Engelgau, MM Jack, L Isham, G Snyder, SR Carande-Kulis, VG Garfield, S Briss, P McCulloch, D CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI The effectiveness of disease and case management for people with diabetes - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE community health services; diabetes mellitus; evidence-based medicine; preventive health services; public health practice; review literature ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; LOWER-EXTREMITY AMPUTATION; INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY; IMPROVED GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; NURSE CASE-MANAGEMENT; FOLLOW-UP; PRIMARY-CARE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; WEIGHT-LOSS AB This report presents the results of a systematic review of the effectiveness and economic efficiency of disease management and case management for people with diabetes and forms the basis for recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services on the use of these two interventions. Evidence supports the effectiveness of disease management on glycemic control; on screening for diabetic retinopathy, foot lesions and peripheral neuropathy, and proteinuria; and on the monitoring of lipid concentrations. This evidence is applicable to adults with diabetes in managed care organizations and community clinics in the United States and Europe. Case management is effective in improving both glycemic control and provider monitoring of glycemic control. This evidence is applicable primarily in the U.S. managed care setting for adults with type 2 diabetes. Case management is effective both when delivered in conjunction with disease management and when delivered with one or more additional educational, reminder, or support interventions. C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. AMC Canc Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN USA. NIDDKD, Diabet Program Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 157 TC 237 Z9 247 U1 8 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 15 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00423-3 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 550JE UT WOS:000175499200006 PM 11985933 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Nichols, PJ Caspersen, CJ Glasgow, RE Engelgau, MM Jack, L Snyder, SR Carande-Kulis, VG Isham, G Garfield, S Briss, P McCulloch, D AF Norris, SL Nichols, PJ Caspersen, CJ Glasgow, RE Engelgau, MM Jack, L Snyder, SR Carande-Kulis, VG Isham, G Garfield, S Briss, P McCulloch, D CA Task Force Commun Prevent Serv TI Increasing diabetes self-management education in community settings - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE blood glucose self-monitoring; community health services; decision making; diabetes mellitus; evidence-based medicine; health education; patient education; preventive health services; public health practice; review literature; self-care; self-efficacy; self-help groups ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; PATIENT EDUCATION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; WEIGHT-LOSS; ANCHORED INSTRUCTION; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; META-ANALYSIS; FOLLOW-UP AB This report presents the results of a systematic review of the effectiveness and economic efficiency of self-management education interventions for people with diabetes and forms the basis for recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Data on glycemic control provide sufficient evidence that self-management education is effective in community gathering places for adults with type 2 diabetes and in the home for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Evidence is insufficient to assess the effectiveness of self-management education interventions at the worksite or in summer camps for either type 1 or type 2 diabetes or in the home for type 2 diabetes. Evidence is also insufficient to assess the effectiveness of educating coworkers and school personnel about diabetes. C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. AMC Canc Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN USA. NIDDKD, Diabet Program Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 124 TC 154 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 39 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00424-5 PG 28 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 550JE UT WOS:000175499200007 PM 11985934 ER PT J AU Fielding, JE Mullen, PD Brownson, RC Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Land, GH Mahan, CS Nolan, PA Scrimshaw, SC Teutsch, SM Thompson, RS Briss, PA AF Fielding, JE Mullen, PD Brownson, RC Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Land, GH Mahan, CS Nolan, PA Scrimshaw, SC Teutsch, SM Thompson, RS Briss, PA CA Task Force Commun Prevent Serv TI Recommendations to increase physical activity in communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HARVARD ALUMNI HEALTH; HIP FRACTURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; COLON-CANCER; OLDER WOMEN; LIFE-STYLE C1 CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Briss, PA (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 550JE UT WOS:000175499200008 ER PT J AU Kahn, EB Ramsey, LT Brownson, RC Heath, GW Howze, EH Powell, KE Stone, EJ Rajab, MW Corso, P Briss, PA AF Kahn, EB Ramsey, LT Brownson, RC Heath, GW Howze, EH Powell, KE Stone, EJ Rajab, MW Corso, P Briss, PA CA Task Force Commun Prevent Serv TI The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL-CHILDREN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; WEIGHT-LOSS PROGRAM; HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM; HARVARD ALUMNI HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; LIFE-STYLE AB The Guide to Community Preventive Service's methods for systematic reviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of various approaches to increasing physical activity: informational, behavioral and social, and environmental and policy approaches. Changes in physical activity behavior and aerobic capacity were used to assess effectiveness. Two informational interventions ("point-of-decision" prompts to encourage stair use and community-wide campaigns) were effective, as were three behavioral and social interventions (school-based physical education, social support in community settings, and individually-adapted health behavior change) and one environmental and policy intervention (creation of or enhanced access to places for physical activity combined with informational outreach activities). Additional information about applicability, other effects, and barriers to implementation are provided for these interventions. Evidence is insufficient to assess a number of interventions: classroom-based health education focused on information provision, and family-based social support (because of inconsistent findings); mass media campaigns and college-based health education and physical education (because of an insufficient number of studies); and classroom-based health education focused on reducing television viewing and video game playing (because of insufficient evidence of an increase in physical activity). These recommendations should serve the needs of researchers, planners, and other public health decision makers. C1 CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, St Louis, MO USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Briss, PA (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Kahn, Emily/0000-0001-7812-7958 NR 160 TC 930 Z9 949 U1 49 U2 341 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 73 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00434-8 PG 36 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 550JE UT WOS:000175499200009 PM 11985936 ER PT J AU Naughton, MP Henderson, A Mirabelli, MC Kaiser, R Wilhelm, JL Kieszak, SM Rubin, CH McGeehin, MA AF Naughton, MP Henderson, A Mirabelli, MC Kaiser, R Wilhelm, JL Kieszak, SM Rubin, CH McGeehin, MA TI Heat-related mortality during a 1999 heat wave in Chicago SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; environment; heat; heat stress disorders; heat stroke; mortality; temperature ID DEATHS; ILLNESS AB Background: During the summer of 1999, Chicago's second deadliest heat wave of the decade resulted in at least 80 deaths. The high mortality, exceeded only by a 1995 heat wave, provided the opportunity to investigate the risks associated with heat-related deaths and to examine the effectiveness of targeted heat-relieving interventions. Methods: We conducted a case-control study to determine risk factors for heat-related death. We collected demographic, health, and behavior information for 63 case patients and 77 neighborhood-and-age-matched control subjects and generated odds ratios (ORs) for each potential risk factor. Results: Fifty-three percent of the case patients were aged <65 years, and psychiatric illness was almost twice as common in the younger than the older age group. In the multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for heat-related death were living alone (OR=8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-48.1) and not leaving home daily (OR=5.8; 95% CI, 1.5-22.0). The strongest protective factor was a working air conditioner (OR=0.2; 95% Cl, 0.1-0.7). Over half (53%) of the 80 decedents were seen or spoken to on the day of or day before their deaths. Conclusions: A working air conditioner is the strongest protective factor against heat-related death. The relatively younger age of case patients in 1999 may be due to post-1995 interventions that focused on the elderly of Chicago. However, social isolation and advanced age remain important risk factors. Individual social contacts and educational messages targeted toward at-risk populations during heat waves may decrease the number of deaths in these groups. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Naughton, MP (reprint author), CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mirabelli, Maria/0000-0002-3540-0085 NR 15 TC 184 Z9 192 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 221 EP 227 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00421-X DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00421-X PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 549EH UT WOS:000175431200001 PM 11988377 ER PT J AU Kilbourne, EM AF Kilbourne, EM TI Heat-related illness - Current status of prevention efforts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEATHS C1 Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kilbourne, EM (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 328 EP 329 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00412-9 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00412-9 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 549EH UT WOS:000175431200013 PM 11988389 ER PT J AU Zaza, S Sleet, DA Elder, RW Shults, RA Dellinger, A Thompson, RS AF Zaza, S Sleet, DA Elder, RW Shults, RA Dellinger, A Thompson, RS TI Response to the 2001, vol. 21, supplement 4, entitled - "The guide to community preventive services: reducing injuries to motor vehicle occupants; Systematic reviews of evidence, recommendations from the task force on community preventive services, and expert commentary." - Response to letter to the editor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Zaza, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 330 EP 331 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00408-7 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00409-9 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 549EH UT WOS:000175431200015 ER PT J AU Krieger, J Higgins, DL AF Krieger, J Higgins, DL TI Housing and health: Time again for public health action SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID INNER-CITY CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; HOMELESS CHILDREN; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ALAMEDA-COUNTY AB Poor housing conditions are associated with a wide range of health conditions, including respiratory infections, asthma. lead poisoning. injuries, and mental health. Addressing housing issues offers public health practitioners an opportunity to address an important social determinant of health. Public health has long been involved in housing issues, In the 19th century. health officials targeted poor sanitation, crowding, and inadequate ventilation to reduce infectious diseases as well as fire hazards to decrease injuries, Today, public health departments can employ multiple strategies to improve housing, such as developing and enforcing housing guidelines and codes, implementing ''Healthy Homes'' programs to improve indoor environmental quality, assessing housing conditions, and advocating for healthy, affordable housing, Now is the time for public health to create healthier homes by confronting substandard housing. C1 Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, EPE, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krieger, J (reprint author), Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, EPE, 999 3rd Ave,12th Floor, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 153 TC 302 Z9 308 U1 15 U2 61 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 758 EP 768 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.5.758 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 545MV UT WOS:000175222200025 PM 11988443 ER PT J AU Kim, DY Staley, F Curtis, G Buchanan, S AF Kim, DY Staley, F Curtis, G Buchanan, S TI Relation between housing age, housing value, and childhood blood lead levels in children in Jefferson County, Ky SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Environm Hlth, Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevent, Louisville, KY USA. CDCP, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, DY (reprint author), CDCP, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 769 EP 770 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.5.769 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 545MV UT WOS:000175222200026 PM 11988444 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Cookson, ST Tribble, P Silk, B Cass, R Poonja, S Walting, M Howland, N Paz, EA Cochran, J Moser, KS Oxtoby, MJ Binkin, NJ AF Saraiya, M Cookson, ST Tribble, P Silk, B Cass, R Poonja, S Walting, M Howland, N Paz, EA Cochran, J Moser, KS Oxtoby, MJ Binkin, NJ TI Tuberculosis screening among foreign-born persons applying for permanent US residence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Objectives. This study sought to determine adherence of physicians to tuberculosis (TB) screening guidelines among foreign-born persons living in the United States who were applying for permanent residency. Methods, Medical forms of applicants from 5 geographic areas were reviewed, along with information from a national physician database on attending physicians. Applicant and corresponding physician characteristics were compared among those who were and were not correctly screened. Results. Of 5739 applicants eligible for screening via tuberculin skin test. 75% were appropriately screened. Except in San Diego, where 11% of the applicants received no screening. most of the inappropriate screening resulted from the use of chest x-rays as the initial screening tool. Conclusions. Focused physician education and periodic monitoring of adherence to screening guidelines are warranted. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol Branch, Mail Stop K-55,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 826 EP 829 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.5.826 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 545MV UT WOS:000175222200036 PM 11988454 ER PT J AU Weisskopf, MG Anderson, HA Foldy, S Hanrahan, LP Blair, K Torok, TJ Rumm, PD AF Weisskopf, MG Anderson, HA Foldy, S Hanrahan, LP Blair, K Torok, TJ Rumm, PD TI Heat wave morbidity and mortality, Milwaukee, Wis, 1999 vs 1995: An improved response? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ST-LOUIS; CHICAGO; DEATHS AB Objectives. This study examined whether differences in heat alone, as opposed to public health interventions or other factors, accounted for the reduction in heat-related deaths and paramedic emergency medical service (EMS) runs between 1995 and 1999 during 2 heat waves occurring in Milwaukee, Wis. Methods. Two previously described prediction models were adapted to compare expected and observed heat-related morbidity and mortality in 1999 based on the city's 1995 experience. Results. Both models showed that heat-related deaths and EMS runs in 1999 were at least 49% lower than levels predicted by the 1995 relation between heat and heat-related deaths or EMS runs. Conclusions. Reductions in heat-related morbidity and mortality in 1999 were not attributable to differences in heat levels alone. Changes in public health preparedness and response may also have contributed to these reductions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. City Milwaukee Hlth Dept, Milwaukee, WI USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Family & Community Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weisskopf, MG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 26 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 830 EP 833 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.5.830 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 545MV UT WOS:000175222200037 PM 11988455 ER PT J AU Cohn, DL O'Brien, RJ AF Cohn, DL O'Brien, RJ TI "Treatment of LTBI": Selling point or semantic blunder? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TUBERCULOSIS C1 Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohn, DL (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 165 IS 9 BP 1338 EP 1338 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 547CF UT WOS:000175314900033 ER PT J AU Leonard, MK Murrow, JR Jurado, R Gaynes, R AF Leonard, MK Murrow, JR Jurado, R Gaynes, R TI Salmonella meningitis in adults infected with HIV: Case report and review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; meningitis; HIV infection ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; NEW-YORK-CITY; NONTYPHOID SALMONELLA; VIRUS INFECTION; BACTEREMIA; NAIROBI; KENYA; AIDS AB We report a case of Salmonella infantis meningitis in a patient infected with HIV who was successfully treated with 4 weeks of therapy and has had no relapses after 12 months of follow-up. Only 10 episodes of Salmonella species meningitis in patients infected with HIV are reported in the literature. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Internal Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leonard, MK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 69 Butler St, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 323 IS 5 BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1097/00000441-200205000-00007 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 550ZA UT WOS:000175533900007 PM 12018670 ER PT J AU MacArthur, JR Parise, ME Steketee, RW AF MacArthur, JR Parise, ME Steketee, RW TI Untitled SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter ID MEFLOQUINE; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP MacArthur, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 585AM UT WOS:000177501000001 PM 12201573 ER PT J AU Childs, JE Paddock, CD AF Childs, JE Paddock, CD TI Passive surveillance as an instrument to identify risk factors for fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Is there more to learn? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; LONG-ISLAND; MORTALITY; DISEASE; TYPHUS AB National surveillance for Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) dates from 1920; however, the collection of detailed epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data on RMSF by using case report forms began in 1970. Despite issues with compliance and changes in case definitions, surveillance data have permitted researchers to assess risk factors for fatal RMSF quantitatively. Factors consistently associated with increased risk of death include severity of disease, older age, lack of tick bite, absence of classic symptoms, delay in diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment, and treatment with chloramphenicol only. In several studies, treatment with a tetracycline has been shown to be protective. The continuation of current passive surveillance activities may allow researchers to refine their estimates of risk but is unlikely to produce novel results. Modified surveillance activities could focus on evaluating the risk for fatal RMSF among special populations, monitoring appropriate antibiotic use, and assessing new diagnostic tests. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 64 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 585AM UT WOS:000177501000005 PM 12201575 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM AF Collins, WE Jeffery, GM TI A retrospective examination of sporozoite-induced and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium ovale: Development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM AB A retrospective analysis was made of clinical and parasitologic parameters in patients with induced Plasmodium ovate infection to document the initial clinical and parasitologic response and their subsequent development of clinical and parasitologic immunity, and to determine the effect of previous homologous and heterologous malaria on subsequent infection with this parasite. The prepatent periods were relatively uniform. Eight patients injected with sporozoites that had been stored frozen had a median prepatent period of 14 days (range = 14-20 days). Thirty-five patients infected via the bites of infected mosquitoes had a median prepatent period of 15 days (range = 12-18 days). In eight patients previously infected with P. vivax, the median prepatent period was 16 days. High-intensity fever (greater than or equal to 104degreesF) was frequently seen, with instances of fever greater than or equal to 106'F recorded on many occasions. Fever > 101degreesF and > 104degreesF occurred for much shorter periods of time than had been observed in patients infected with P. falciparum. Parasite counts > 10,000/muL were infrequent; in most patients, such parasite counts rarely lasted more than two or three days. Gametocytemia was generally of low density and lasted only a few days. The overall length of the clinical and parasitologic period was much shorter compared with that seen in patients infected with P. falciparum. Previous infection with P. ovate did not prevent reinfection, but resulted in reduced levels of parasitemia and fever. Previous infection with heterologous species of Plasmodium did not prevent infection; some reduction in the frequency and intensity of fever and parasite counts was evident. Previous infection with homologous or heterologous parasites failed to eliminate the production of infective gametocytes. A total of 462 lots of mosquitoes were fed on 67 patients with no previous history of infection. Of these feedings, 168 (36.4%) resulted in infection as determined by the presence of oocysts on the midguts of dissected mosquitoes. As shown, the infection rate increased with the density of gametocytes even though 48 (23.4%) of 205 lots of mosquitoes fed when no gametocytes were detected were infected. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 492 EP 502 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 585AM UT WOS:000177501000012 PM 12201582 ER PT J AU Quick, RE Kimura, A Thevos, A Tembo, M Shamputa, I Hutwagner, L Mintz, E AF Quick, RE Kimura, A Thevos, A Tembo, M Shamputa, I Hutwagner, L Mintz, E TI Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SELF-EFFICACY; CHOLERA; EPIDEMIC; STRATEGY; SYSTEM AB A water quality intervention that consists of water treatment, safe storage, and community education was field tested in Kitwe, Zambia. A total of 166 intervention households were randomly selected from one community and 94 control households from another. Baseline surveys were conducted and the intervention was distributed. Weekly active diarrhea surveillance, biweekly water testing, and a follow-up survey were conducted. Compliance was high in intervention households: 97% reported using disinfectant and 72-95% had measurable chlorine in their water in biweekly testing. The percentage of intervention households storing water safely increased from 41.5% to 89.2%. Stored water in intervention households was significantly less contaminated with Escherichia coli than water in control households (P<0.001). Diarrheal disease risk for individuals in intervention households was 48% lower than for controls (95% confidence interval=0.3, 0.9). This intervention is a useful tool for preventing waterborne diseases in families in developing countries who lack access to potable water. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Trop Dis Res Ctrt, Ndola, Zambia. RP Quick, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 584 EP 589 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 585AM UT WOS:000177501000025 PM 12201595 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Hassan, H Hill, G Cupp, EW Higazi, TB Mitchell, CJ Godsey, MS Unnasch, TR AF Lee, JH Hassan, H Hill, G Cupp, EW Higazi, TB Mitchell, CJ Godsey, MS Unnasch, TR TI Identification of mosquito avian-derived blood meals by polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; HOST-FEEDING PATTERNS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; EVOLUTION; DIPTERA; DNA AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) heteroduplex assay (HDA) was developed to identify avian derived mosquito blood meals to the species level. The assay used primers amplifying a fragment of the cytochrome B gene from vertebrate but not invertebrate species. In Culex tarsalis fed on quail, PCR products derived from the quail cytochrome B gene were detected seven days post-engorgement. In an analysis of wild-caught mosquitoes, 85% of blood-fed mosquitoes produced detectable PCR products. Heteroduplex patterns obtained from bird-derived PCR products were found to permit the unambiguous identification of all species examined. No intraspecific variation in HDA patterns was found. The PCR-HDA was used to characterize blood meals in wild caught Cx. tarsalis. Of the 67 blood meals analyzed, 60% were derived from avian sources. Of the avian blood meals, 65% were derived from a single host, the common grackle. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Unnasch, TR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, BBRB 203,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI-49724, R01 AI049724, R01 AI049724-04] NR 21 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 599 EP 604 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 585AM UT WOS:000177501000028 PM 12201598 ER PT J AU Ying, B Kosoy, MY Maupin, GO Tsuchiya, KR Gage, KL AF Ying, B Kosoy, MY Maupin, GO Tsuchiya, KR Gage, KL TI Genetic and ecologic characteristics of Bartonella communities in rodents in southern China SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; CAT-SCRATCH; OLD-WORLD; CLARRIDGEIAE; ELIZABETHAE; INFECTIONS; HENSELAE; DISEASE; PATIENT; RATS AB Ecologic and bacteriologic observations of small mammals captured in Yunnan Province in the People's Republic of China indicated that Bartonella infections occurred at a high prevalence among some rodent species. Sequence analyses of the citrate synthase genes of these Bartonella demonstrated that rodents in this region harbored a diverse assemblage of strains. The Bartonella isolates obtained from Apodemus, Eothenomys, and Rattus typically clustered separately by genus of rodent host. Cultures obtained from Rattus rats were genetically related to Bartonella elizabethae, a recognized human pathogen. The finding of Bartonella species in a high proportion of the rodent samples from Yunnan suggests the need to investigate whether these agents might be responsible for cases of febrile illnesses of unknown etiology in southern China and elsewhere in southeastern Asia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Yunnan Inst Epidem Dis Control & Res, Dali City, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Kosoy, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 18 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 622 EP 627 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 585AM UT WOS:000177501000032 PM 12201602 ER PT J AU Barker, L AF Barker, L TI A comparison of nine confidence intervals for a Poisson parameter when the expected number of events is <= 5 SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE confidence interval; exact inference; Poisson distribution; small sample; scores interval AB Let {X-i}(i=1)(n) be a collection of independent, identically distributed Poisson theta random variables. Confidence intervals for theta can be constructed by the Wald method, by exact inference, from a variance stabilizing transformation, or by many other techniques. When ntheta is small, actual and nominal coverage can differ substantially. We compare nine confidence intervals for a Poisson mean with respect to coverage and expected width of confidence limits. We show that, for small ntheta: of the confidence intervals considered, only the exact interval maintains coverage probabilities; while the scores interval approximately maintains coverage probability, its expected width exceeds the exact interval's; and a modified version of the confidence interval based on the variance stabilized confidence interval has coverage properties near the nominal and an expected width that is not particularly large. Thus, we recommend that investigators desiring true cover not less than nominal use the exact interval and those willing to accept approximate coverage use a modified form of the variance stabilized interval. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E-62,1600 Clifton Ave, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 56 IS 2 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1198/000313002317572736 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 545MC UT WOS:000175220400002 ER PT J AU Kuklenyik, Z Ashley, DL Calafat, AM AF Kuklenyik, Z Ashley, DL Calafat, AM TI Quantitative detection of trichloroacetic acid in human urine using isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; CHLORINATED DRINKING-WATER; HALOACETIC ACIDS AB The chemical disinfection of drinking water to control microbial contaminants results in the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The volatile trihalomethanes and the nonvolatile haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most prevalent DBPs. It is important to monitor human exposure to HAAs because of their potential adverse health effects, such as cancer. Among the HAAs, urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) is a potential valid biomarker for assessing chronic ingestion exposure to HAAs from drinking water. We have developed a rugged, high-throughput, sensitive, accurate, and precise assay for the measurement of trace levels of TCAA in human urine using a simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup followed by isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). TCAA is extracted from the urine using SPE, separated from other extract components by reversed-phase HPLC, and analyzed by negative ion electrospray ionization-isotope dilution-MS/MS using a multiple reaction monitoring experiment. The method is simple and fast and is not labor intensive (sample preparation and analysis can be performed in similar to15 min) with a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL in 1 mL of urine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2058 EP 2063 DI 10.1021/ac011250g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 547XU UT WOS:000175358800045 PM 12033307 ER PT J AU Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Wilson, HG Burnett, NM Daling, JR Bernstein, L Malone, KE Strom, BL Norman, SA Weiss, LK Liff, JM Wingo, PA Burkman, RT Folger, SG Berlin, JA Deapen, DM Ursin, G Coates, RJ Simon, MS Press, MF Spirtas, R AF Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Wilson, HG Burnett, NM Daling, JR Bernstein, L Malone, KE Strom, BL Norman, SA Weiss, LK Liff, JM Wingo, PA Burkman, RT Folger, SG Berlin, JA Deapen, DM Ursin, G Coates, RJ Simon, MS Press, MF Spirtas, R TI The NICHD women's contraceptive and reproductive experiences study: Methods and operational results SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oral contraceptives; hormones; breast cancer; epidemiology; case-control studies ID BREAST-CANCER; RISK; DESIGN AB PURPOSE: This paper presents methods and operational results of a population-based case-control study examining the effects of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer risk among white and black women aged 35-64 years in five U.S. locations. METHODS: Cases were women newly diagnosed with breast cancer during July 1994 through April 1998. Controls were identified through random digit dialing (RDD) using unclustered sampling with automated elimination of nonworking numbers. Sampling was density-based, with oversampling of black women. In-person interviews were conducted from August 1994 through December 1998. Blood samples were obtained from subsets of cases and controls, and tissue samples were obtained from subsets of cases. A computerized system tracked subjects through study activities. Special attention was devoted to minimizing exposure misclassification, because any exposure-disease associations were expected to be small. RESULTS: An estimated 82% of households were screened successfully through RDD. Interviews were completed for 4575 cases (2953 whites; 1622 blacks) and 4682 controls (3021 whites; 1661 blacks). Interview response rates for cases and controls were 76.5% and 78.6%, respectively, with lower rates for black women and older women. CONCLUSIONS: The methodologic details of this large collaboration may assist researchers conducting similar investigations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth MS K34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Bay State Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Epidemiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Marchbanks, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth MS K34, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-3-3176, Y01-HD-7022] NR 26 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 213 EP 221 AR PII S1047-2797(01)00274-5 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00274-5 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 543XY UT WOS:000175129300001 PM 11988408 ER PT J AU Carattoli, A Tosini, F Giles, WP Rupp, ME Hinrichs, SH Angulo, FJ Barrett, TJ Fey, PD AF Carattoli, A Tosini, F Giles, WP Rupp, ME Hinrichs, SH Angulo, FJ Barrett, TJ Fey, PD TI Characterization of plasmids carrying CMY-2 from expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella strains isolated in the United States between 1996 and 1998 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOOD ANIMALS AB Sequencing of DNA from 15 expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g., ceftriaxone)-resistant Salmonella isolates obtained in the United States revealed that resistance to ceftriaxone in all isolates was mediated by cmy-2. Hybridization patterns revealed three plasmid structures containing cmy-2 in these 15 isolates. These data suggest that the spread of cmy-2 among Salmonella strains is occurring through mobilization of the cmy-2 gene into different plasmid backbones and consequent horizontal transfer by conjugation. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Lab Bacteriol & Mycol, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, Lab Cellular Biol, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Omaha, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Nebraska Publ Hlth Lab, Omaha, NE USA. CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fey, PD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Nebraska Med Ctr 985400, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RI Tosini, Fabio/K-9695-2015; OI Tosini, Fabio/0000-0003-1120-5725; Carattoli, Alessandra/0000-0002-6120-6526 NR 21 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1272 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1269-1272.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 543KH UT WOS:000175100800015 PM 11959555 ER PT J AU Ethier, K St Lawrence, JS AF Ethier, K St Lawrence, JS TI The role of early, multilevel youth development programs in preventing health risk behavior in adolescents and young adults SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREGNANCY; FAILURE C1 CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Ethier, K (reprint author), CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 156 IS 5 BP 429 EP 430 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 548RC UT WOS:000175402100006 PM 11980546 ER PT J AU Gibbons, RV Parashar, UD Holman, RC Beley, ED Maddox, RA Powell, KE Schonbeger, LB AF Gibbons, RV Parashar, UD Holman, RC Beley, ED Maddox, RA Powell, KE Schonbeger, LB TI An evaluation of hospitalizations for Kawasaki syndrome in Georgia SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Objective: To evaluate and describe the epidemiologic characteristics of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) hospitalizations in Georgia. Design: We reviewed hospital discharge data and corresponding medical records for Georgian patients discharged with a KS diagnosis during 1997 and 1998. Results: During the study period, 233 KS hospital discharges were recorded in Georgia 177 (76%) were for children younger than 5 years. Twenty-one (9%) of 233 of the hospital discharges represented multiple hospitalizations, Medical records for 211 KS discharges (91%), representing 197 patients (93%), were reviewed. For those 189 patients whose medical records were reviewed and had sufficient information, 139 (7490) either had a documented illness that met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition for KS (n = 135) or had coronary artery abnormalities without meeting the CDC definition for KS (atypical KS n=4). Eight patients had only a history of KS. Excluding multiple hospitalizations and patients with only a history of KS, 158 hospitalizations were for patients younger than 5 years (14.0 per 100000 children): 110 of these patients met the KS or atypical KS definition (9.8 per 100000 children). Conclusions: Hospital discharge data are Useful for KS surveillance. However, analysis of hospital discharge data may slightly overestimate the KS hospitalization rates because Some discharges may represent multiple hospitalizations or hospitalizations of patients with only a history of KS. The incidence and epidemiology of KS in Georgia are consistent with findings from other continental US studies. Physicians should exercise their best clinical judgment in identifying and treating patients with KS who may not meet standard case definitions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Mail Stop A-39,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 156 IS 5 BP 492 EP 496 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 548RC UT WOS:000175402100016 PM 11980556 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Dawson-Hughes, B Calvo, MS Gunter, EW Sahyoun, NR AF Looker, AC Dawson-Hughes, B Calvo, MS Gunter, EW Sahyoun, NR TI Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III SO BONE LA English DT Article DE serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D status; hypovitaminosis D; adolescents; adults ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; D DEFICIENCY; BONE MASS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; CUTANEOUS SYNTHESIS; D SUPPLEMENTATION; D INSUFFICIENCY; YOUNG-ADULTS; WHITE WOMEN; BLACK-WOMEN AB Subclinical vitamin D deficiency may be common in certain subgroups in the U.S., but to date vitamin D data from other groups in the population have not been available. We used serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) data from 18,875 individuals examined in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988-1994) to assess the vitamin D status of selected groups of the noninstitutionalized U.S. adolescent and adult population. Serum 25-OHD levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay kit (DiaSorin, Inc., Stillwater, MN; normal range 22.5-94 nmol/L). Because physical exams are performed in mobile vans in NHANES, data could not be collected in northern latitudes during the winter; instead data were collected in northern latitudes during summer and in southern latitudes in winter. To address this season-latitude aspect of the NHANES design, we stratified the sample into two seasonal subpopulations (winter/lower latitude and summer/higher latitude) before examining vitamin D status. Less than 1% of the winter/lower latitude subpopulation had vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD <17.5 nmol/L). However, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in this group ranged from 1%-5% with 25-OHD <25 nmol/L to 25%-57% with 25-OHD <62.5 nmol/L, even though the median latitude for this subsample (32degreesN) was considerably lower than the latitude at which vitamin D is not synthesized during winter months (similar to42degreesN). With the exception of elderly women, prevalence rates of vitamin D insufficiency were lower in the summer/higher latitude subpopulation (<1%-3% Nvith 25-OHD <25 nmol/L to 21 %49% with 25-OHD <62.5 nmol/L,). Mean 25-OHD levels were highest in non-Ilispanic whites, intermediate in Mexican Americans, and lowest in non-Ilispanic blacks. Our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency is unlikely in the two seasonal subpopulations of noninstitutionalized adolescents and adults that can be validly assessed in NHANES III. However, vitamin D insufficiency is more common in these two seasonal subpopulations. Of particular interest is that insufficiency occurred fairly frequently in younger individuals, especially in the winter/lower latitude subsample. Our findings support continued monitoring of this vitamin in the U.S. population. (C) 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Food & Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 900,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 38 TC 511 Z9 527 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD MAY PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 771 EP 777 AR PII S8756-3282(02)00692-0 DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00692-0 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 555QG UT WOS:000175804300018 PM 11996918 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM AF Mannino, DM TI COPD - Epidemiology, prevalence, morbidity and mortality, and disease heterogeneity SO CHEST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COPD 2001 International Symposium CY APR, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN DE COPD; epidemiology; mortality; prevalence; risk factors ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; AIR-FLOW OBSTRUCTION; UNITED-STATES; LUNG-DISEASE; ASTHMA; AIRWAYS; HEALTH; BURDEN; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; NUTRITION AB COPD continues to cause a heavy health and economic burden both in the United states and around the world. Some of the risk factors for COPD are well-known and include smoking, occupational exposures, air pollution, airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma, and certain genetic variations, although many questions, such as why <20% of smokers develop significant airway obstruction, remain. Precise definitions of COPD vary and are frequently dependent on an accurate diagnosis of the problem by a physician. These differences in the definition of COPD can have large effects on the estimates of COPD in the population. Furthermore, evidence that COPD represents several different disease processes with potentially different interventions continues to emerge. In most 4 the world, COPD prevalence and mortality are still increasing and likely will continue to rise in response to increases in smoking, particularly by women and adolescents. Resources aimed at smoking cessation and prevention, COPD education and early detection, and better treatment will be of the most benefit in our continuing efforts against this important cause of morbidity and mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 41 TC 172 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 2002 VL 121 IS 5 SU S BP 121S EP 126S DI 10.1378/chest.121.5_suppl.121S PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 554HV UT WOS:000175730500003 PM 12010839 ER PT J AU Martin, DA Biggerstaff, BJ Allen, B Johnson, AJ Lanciotti, RS Roehrig, JT AF Martin, DA Biggerstaff, BJ Allen, B Johnson, AJ Lanciotti, RS Roehrig, JT TI Use of immunoglobulin M cross-reactions in differential diagnosis of human flaviviral encephalitis infections in the United States SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AB To define the virus specificity of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) among the medically important members of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus serocomplex of flaviviruses, 103 IgM-positive human serum samples from patients with confirmed West Nile (WN) virus, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus, or JE virus infections were assembled and simultaneously tested against all three viral antigens in a standardized MAC-ELISA. Of the serum samples tested, 96 (93%) showed higher positive-to-negative absorbance ratios (P/Ns) with the infecting virus antigen compared to those obtained with the other two virus antigens. Of the seven specimens with higher P/Ns with heterologous virus antigens, six were from patients with SLE virus infections (the serum samples had higher levels of reactivity with WN virus antigen) and one was from a patient with a JE virus infection (this serum sample also had a higher level of reactivity with WN virus antigen). Not surprisingly, similar virus specificity was observed with WN virus-elicited IgM in cerebrospinal fluid. As shown in previous studies, a subset of these specimens was even less reactive in the MAC-ELISA with dengue virus, a member of a different flavivirus serocomplex. The degree of virus cross-reactivity did not appear to be related to days postonset, at least during the first 40 days of infection. Infections with WN virus could be correctly distinguished from infections with SLE virus on the basis of the observed anti-viral IgM cross-reactivities alone 92% of the time. Infections with SLE virus resulted in antibody that was more cross-reactive, so identification of SLE virus as the infecting agent by use of MAC-ELISA cross-reactivity alone was more problematic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Martin, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 16 TC 120 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 544 EP 549 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.3.544-549.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 554BM UT WOS:000175713100006 PM 11986257 ER PT J AU Karem, KL Poon, AC Bierl, C Nisenbaum, R Unger, E AF Karem, KL Poon, AC Bierl, C Nisenbaum, R Unger, E TI Optimization of a human papillomavirus-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; ANTIBODIES; WOMEN; TYPE-16; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; PROTEIN; HPV-16 AB A strategy was developed for the control, standardization, and critical evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of human papillomavirus-specific immunoglobulin G in human sera. Control human sera, polyclonal animal sera, and monoclonal antibodies were used to establish optimal assay parameters, including antigen coating, serum dilutions, and criteria for daily reproducibility, monitoring, and rejection of assays. Three evaluation techniques were used in parallel to define an optimal cutoff absorbance value that yields greater than 93% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity in the assay's ability to discriminate positive and negative control sera. This strategy provides an optimal method by which to determine cutoff absorbance values for ELISA. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Karem, KL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-41, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 577 EP 582 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.3.577-582.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 554BM UT WOS:000175713100012 PM 11986263 ER PT J AU Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Sowell, AL Buchanan, I Larned, J Bell, M Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR AF Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Sowell, AL Buchanan, I Larned, J Bell, M Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR TI Vitamin A levels and immunity in humans SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; A-DEFICIENCY; NORTHERN MALAWI; IFN-GAMMA; BCG SCARS; INFECTIONS; CYTOKINES; CHILDREN; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HYPERSENSITIVITY AB In animal studies, vitamin A deficiency induces a shift from type 2 (humoral) to type 1 (cellular) cytokines; there are no similar data for humans. Control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections requires type I cytokine (cellular) immunity. These infections and vitamin A deficiency are highly prevalent in Africa. We therefore examined the interactions among serum vitamin A levels, immune parameters, HIV infection status, Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine scarring (as an indicator of a type I cytokine profile), and clinical findings for 70 hospitalized children in Malawi, Africa. Directly conjugated monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry were used to assess cell-specific cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations. The statistical techniques employed included nonparametric statistics and logistic regression analyses. Thirty percent of the participants had severe vitamin A deficiency (< 10 mug/dl), 34% had moderate deficiency (10 to <20 mug/dl), and 36% had normal levels (greater than or equal to20 mug/dl). Vitamin A levels were lower for HIV-positive than for HIV-negative children (median, 10 and 17 mug/dl, respectively). Vitamin A-deficient children (<20 mug/dl) were more likely than non-vitamin A-deficient children to have higher proportions of natural killer (NK) cells (median, 8.3 and 5.2%, respectively) and lower ratios of interleukin-10-producing monocytes to tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing monocytes after induction (median, 1.0 and 2.3, respectively). Vitamin A-deficient children were also more likely than non-vitamin A-deficient children to exhibit respiratory symptoms (47% versus 12%) and visible BCG vaccine scars (83% versus 48%), which are indicative of a type I response to vaccination. Vitamin A status did not vary with gender, age, incidence of malaria parasitemia, blood culture positivity, or rates of mortality (6% of vitamin A-deficient children died versus 20% of non-vitamin A-deficient children). Lower vitamin A levels were associated with a relative type I cytokine dominance and proportionately more NK cells, both of which may be somewhat beneficial to persons who are exposed to HIV, M. tuberculosis, or other type I pathogens. C1 CDC, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, US Dept HHS,US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program, US Dept HHS,US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Off Global Hlth, US Dept HHS, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Sci Lab, US Dept HHS, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, US Dept HHS, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Jason, J (reprint author), CDC, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, NCID, Mailstop A-25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 616 EP 621 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.3.616-621.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 554BM UT WOS:000175713100018 PM 11986269 ER PT J AU Jones, LP Zheng, HQ Karron, RA Peret, TCT Tsou, C Anderson, LJ AF Jones, LP Zheng, HQ Karron, RA Peret, TCT Tsou, C Anderson, LJ TI Multiplex assay for detection of strain-specific antibodies against the two variable regions of the G protein of respiratory syncytial virus SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBGROUP-A; GROUP-B; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; ATTACHMENT (G)PROTEIN; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PRIMARY INFECTION; VIRAL-INFECTION; CHILDREN; RESPONSES AB The role of strain differences in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease has not been clearly defined. To investigate the possibility that strain differences contribute to susceptibility to repeat infections, we developed assays to detect antibodies to the two variable regions of the RSV G protein by cloning and expressing the internal variable region at amino acids (aa) 60 to 172 (g1) and the carboxy-terminal variable region at aa 193 to the carboxy terminus (g2) from different genotypes of RSV. The purified proteins were covalently linked to beads with different proportions of red and orange fluorescent dyes and reacted against serum specimens. Antibody reacting against the differently colored beads, and thus against different G polypeptides, was detected by use of flow cytometry and the Luminex system. This assay system detected group- and, to some extent, genotype-specific responses to RSV infection and can be used to investigate the role of strain differences in RSV disease. C1 CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.3.633-638.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 554BM UT WOS:000175713100021 PM 11986272 ER PT J AU Elie, CM Holder, PK Romero-Steiner, S Carlone, GM AF Elie, CM Holder, PK Romero-Steiner, S Carlone, GM TI Assignment of additional anticapsular antibody concentrations to the Neisseria meningitidis group A, C, Y, and W-135 meningococcal standard reference serum CDC1992 SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEROGROUP-A AB We assigned additional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody concentrations (immunoglobulin G [IgG], IgM, and IgA, and total) to the Neisseria meningitidis standard reference serum CDC1992 for groups Y and W-135 to 12 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention quality control sera. These assignments will supplement previous assignments and will aid in the evaluation of present and developing vaccines. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Elie, CM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A-36, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 725 EP 726 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.3.725-726.2002 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 554BM UT WOS:000175713100036 PM 11986287 ER PT J AU Hasan, A Shinnick, T Mizushima, Y Van der Zee, R Lehner, T AF Hasan, A Shinnick, T Mizushima, Y Van der Zee, R Lehner, T TI Defining a T-cell epitope within HSP 65 in recurrent aphthous stomatitis SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peptides; oral ulcers; heat shock protein ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; GAMMA-DELTA; BEHCETS-DISEASE; MYCOBACTERIAL; LYMPHOCYTES; RECEPTOR; ANTIGEN; SPECIFICITY; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION AB The 65 kD heat shock protein (HSP) has been implicated in the aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). We have previously demonstrated that peptide 91-105 derived from the sequence of mycobacterial 65 kD HSP stimulates specifically lymphocytes from patients with RAS. In this investigation, we show that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were significantly stimulated with mycobacterial peptide 91-105. In contrast, the human homologous peptide 116-130 stimulated only CD4(+) T cells. Inhibition studies showed that CD4(+) T cells were class II restricted, whereas CD8(+) T cells were class I restricted. We then used truncated or substituted peptides, and demonstrated that residues 95-105 appear to be important, and residue 104(Arg) critical, in stimulating the T cells. Thus, peptide 95105 may constitute a T-cell proliferative epitope in RAS. We postulate that the high load of microorganisms that colonize the oral mucosa may initiate an immune response by the microbial HSP 65-derived peptide 95-105, stimulating the numerous Langerhans cells in the oral mucosa to activate a cross-reacting immune response to the homologous peptide 116-130 within the epithelial HSP 60 initiating the immunopathological changes that lead to RAS. C1 KCL Univ, GKT Dent Inst, Guys Hosp,GKT Med Sch, Dept Periodontol & Prevent Dent, London SE1 9RT, England. KCL Univ, Dept Immunobiol, Guys Hosp,GKT Med Sch, London SE1 9RT, England. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Marianna Univ, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Hasan, A (reprint author), KCL Univ, GKT Dent Inst, Guys Hosp,GKT Med Sch, Dept Periodontol & Prevent Dent, London SE1 9RT, England. RI van der Zee, Ruurd/O-5256-2015 OI van der Zee, Ruurd/0000-0002-4331-2755 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01757.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 577UB UT WOS:000177079400017 PM 11985522 ER PT J AU Peters, CJ Khan, AS AF Peters, CJ Khan, AS TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: The new American hemorrhagic fever SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MANIFESTATIONS; INFECTION; DISEASE; ARGENTINA; VIRUS AB The recognition of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) after the investigation of a cluster of unexplained respiratory deaths in the southwestern United States during the spring of 1993 showcased our ability to recognize new and emerging diseases, given the correct juxtaposition of a new clinical entity with circumscribed epidemiologic features that are analyzed with novel diagnostic methods. In less than a decade, HPS has become established as a pan-American zoonosis due to numerous viruses maintained by sigmodontine rodents with rodent- and virus-specific epidemiologic profiles. The classical features of the syndrome-acute febrile illness associated with prominent cardiorespiratory compromise after direct contact or inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta-has been extended to include clinical variants, including disease with frank hemorrhage, that have confirmed that this syndrome is a viral hemorrhagic fever. Efforts are under way to refine prevention strategies, to understand the pathogenesis of the shock, and to identify therapeutic modalities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1224 EP 1231 DI 10.1086/339864 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 539YR UT WOS:000174901600010 PM 11941549 ER PT J AU Chorba, TL Nkengasong, J Roels, TH Monga, B Maurice, C Maran, M Djomand, G AF Chorba, TL Nkengasong, J Roels, TH Monga, B Maurice, C Maran, M Djomand, G TI Assessing eosinophil count as a marker of immune activation among human immunodeficiency virus - Infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TYPE-1 HIV-1; IVORY-COAST; VIRAL LOAD; SUBTYPE-A; ABIDJAN; AIDS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; TRANSMISSION; RESIDENTS; PLASMA AB In 611 human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons who had not yet begun to receive antiretroviral therapy, we evaluated the linear association between absolute eosinophil count (as a surrogate for immune response to helminthic infection) and CD4(+) T cell count, and between absolute eosinophil count and log virus load. Overall, no significant correlations were observed between eosinophil count and CD4(+) T cell count, or between eosinophil count and log virus load. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chorba, TL (reprint author), CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1264 EP 1266 DI 10.1086/339940 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 539YR UT WOS:000174901600015 PM 11941554 ER PT J AU Haake, DA Dundoo, M Cader, R Kubak, BM Hartskeerl, RA Sejvar, JJ Ashford, DA AF Haake, DA Dundoo, M Cader, R Kubak, BM Hartskeerl, RA Sejvar, JJ Ashford, DA TI Leptospirosis, water sports, and chemoprophylaxis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; SEROVARS AB Recreational activities, such as water sports and adventure travel, are emerging as an important risk factor for leptospirosis, a potentially fatal zoonosis. We report the clinical course of 2 patients who acquired leptospirosis through participation in water sports. Physicians caring for patients who participate in adventure travel involving water sports should be familiar with the risk factors for and diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of leptospirosis. C1 VA Greater LA Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Royal Trop Inst, Koninklijk Inst Tropen Biomed Res, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Haake, DA (reprint author), VA Greater LA Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, 111F, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34431, R01 AI034431, R01 AI034431-06A2, R21 AI034431, R29 AI034431] NR 34 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 9 BP E40 EP E43 DI 10.1086/339942 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 539YR UT WOS:000174901600034 PM 11941571 ER PT J AU Peters, CJ Zaki, SR AF Peters, CJ Zaki, SR TI Role of the endothelium in viral hemorrhagic fevers SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Margaux Conference on Critical Illness CY NOV 14-18, 2001 CL SEDONA, ARIZONA SP Eli Lilly & Co DE cytokines; disseminated intravascular coagulation; endothelium; sepsis; viral hemorrhagic fever ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; PICHINDE VIRUS-INFECTION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; STRAIN-13 GUINEA-PIGS; FILOVIRUS INFECTIONS; LASSA FEVER; PATHOGENESIS; INVOLVEMENT; DISEASE; EBOLA AB Objective: To describe endothelial participation in the pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fevers and certain other acute infectious diseases. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Survey of published literature on viral hemorrhagic fevers Interpreted in light of observations in patients and research on those diseases. Conclusions: Endothelial involvement is an extremely important factor In the clinical syndrome termed viral hemorrhagic fever. Endothelial dysfunction is important In the genesis of bleeding, which is not universal and is commonly seen only in the presence of thrombocytopenia or severe platelet dysfunction. The pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction varies In the different diseases. In some situations, direct endothelial infection Is important in increased vascular permeability, changes in the procoagulant vs. anticoagulant balance, or cytokine production. In all the viral hemorrhagic fevers studied to date, cytokine induction is an Important factor and also acts on the endothelium. Poor myocardial contractility is a very important issue in viral hemorrhagic fever and is not caused by direct viral infection of the heart; it is increasingly being recognized that these patients present with low cardiac output and high peripheral resistance and that they respond poorly to fluid infusion. The clinical findings in viral hemorrhagic fever differ from those In the sepsis syndrome and should be studied and interpreted separately; this approach will sharpen therapeutic approaches and could shed light on the problems of sepsis in general. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, John Sealy Distinguished Univ Chair Trop & Emergi, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peters, CJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, John Sealy Distinguished Univ Chair Trop & Emergi, 3-146 Keiller Bldg,301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 39 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 SU S BP S268 EP S273 DI 10.1097/00003246-200205001-00016 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 553YL UT WOS:000175705600016 PM 12004247 ER PT J AU Nichols, PJ Norris, SL AF Nichols, PJ Norris, SL TI A systematic literature review of the effectiveness of diabetes education of school personnel SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB PURPOSE this paper describes current knowledge levels of school personnel about diabetes, discusses the findings of a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of diabetes educational interventions for school personnel, and presents recommendations for future research. METHODS English language literature published between January 1966 and May 2001 regarding the effectiveness of diabetes education of school personnel was systematically reviewed using multiple electronic databases. RESULTS Four studies that examined the effectiveness of diabetes education of school personnel were identified. One study demonstrated improvement in teacher knowledge of treatment, another reported significant improvement in comprehensive knowledge scores, and a third study demonstrated significant knowledge deficits across 4 measures of teacher knowledge about diabetes. A fourth study demonstrated a decrease in the cumulative frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis. CONCLUSIONS The literature regarding the effectiveness of diabetes education of school personnel is scant, the methodology is inadequate, the results are mixed, and the focus is on a narrow range of outcomes. Further research is needed to define effective interventions for improving the health and quality of life of school-age children and adolescents with diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30034 USA. RP Nichols, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MSK-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30034 USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 USA SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1177/014572170202800310 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 552YH UT WOS:000175647400007 PM 12068649 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Morales, GJ Chaves, S McGrane, J AF Widdowson, MA Morales, GJ Chaves, S McGrane, J TI Epidemiology of urban canine rabies, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 1972-1997 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ECONOMICS; PREVENTION; WILDLIFE; THAILAND; PROGRAM; IMPACT AB We analyzed laboratory data from 1972 to 1997 from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, to determine risk factors for laboratory canine samples' testing positive for Rabies virus (RABV). Of 9,803 samples, 50.7% tested positive for RABV; the number of cases and the percentage positive has dropped significantly since 1978. A 5- to 6-year cycle in rabies incidence was clearly apparent, though no seasonality was noted. Male dogs had significantly increased odds of testing positive for RABV (odds ratio [OR]=1.14), as did 1- to 2-year-old dogs (OR=1.73); younger and older dogs were at lower risk. Samples submitted from the poorer suburbs of the city were more likely to test positive for RABV (OR=1.71). Knowledge of the distribution of endemic canine rabies in an urban area will help focus control measures in a resource-poor environment. C1 Univ Nacl Epidemiol Vet, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Lab Invest & Diagnost Vet, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, MSG04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 458 EP 461 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548XN UT WOS:000175415300002 PM 11996678 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Mauel, MJ Owens, JH Allan, N Courtney, JW Stafford, KC Mather, TN AF Massung, RF Mauel, MJ Owens, JH Allan, N Courtney, JW Stafford, KC Mather, TN TI Genetic variants of Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Rhode Island and Connecticut SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-DISEASE; LYME-DISEASE; INFECTION; AGENT; SEQUENCE; TICKS AB Primers were used to amplify a 561-bp region of the 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia phagocytophila from Nodes scapularis ticks and small mammals collected in Rhode Island and Connecticut. DNA sequences for all 50 E. phagocytophila-positive samples collected from 1996 through 1998 in southwestern Connecticut were identical to the sequence reported for E. phagocytophila DNA from confirmed human cases. In contrast, the sequences from 92 of 123 E. phagocytophila-positive Rhode Island samples collected from 1996 through 1999 included several variants differing by 1-2 nucleotides from that in the agent infecting humans. While 11.9% of 67 E. phagocytophila-positive ticks collected during 1997 in Rhode Island harbored ehrlichiae with sequences identical to that of the human agent, 79.1% had a variant sequence not previously described. The low incidence of human ehrlichiosis in Rhode Island may in part result from these variant ehrlichiae's interference with the maintenance and transmission of the true agent of human disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Mather, TN (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, 9 E Alumni Ave,Suite 7, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 30733] NR 34 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548XN UT WOS:000175415300004 PM 11996680 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Zell, ER Schuchat, A Whitney, CG AF Schrag, SJ Zell, ER Schuchat, A Whitney, CG TI Sentinel surveillance: A reliable way to track antibiotic resistance in communities? SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID THERAPEUTIC WORKING GROUP; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PNEUMOCOCCAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE; ERA AB We used population-based data to evaluate how often groups of randomly selected clinical laboratories accurately estimated the prevalence of resistant pneumococci and captured trends in resistance over time. Surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease was conducted in eight states from 1996 to 1998. Within each surveillance area, we evaluated the proportion of all groups of three, four, and five laboratories that estimated the prevalence of penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci (%PNSP) and the change in %PNSP over time. We assessed whether sentinel groups detected emerging fluoroquinolone resistance. Groups of five performed best. Sentinel groups accurately predicted %PNSP in five states; states where they performed poorly had high between-laboratory variation in %PNSP. Sentinel groups detected large changes in prevalence of nonsusceptibility over time but rarely detected emerging fluoroquinolone resistance. Characteristics of hospital-affiliated laboratories were not useful predictors of a laboratory's %PNSP. Sentinel surveillance for resistant pneumococci can detect important trends over time but rarely detects newly emerging resistance profiles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, MS C23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 496 EP 502 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548XN UT WOS:000175415300009 PM 11996685 ER PT J AU Skogen, V Cherkasova, VV Maksimova, N Marston, CK Sjursen, H Reeves, MW Olsvik, O Popovic, T AF Skogen, V Cherkasova, VV Maksimova, N Marston, CK Sjursen, H Reeves, MW Olsvik, O Popovic, T TI Molecular characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates, Russia, 1957-1987 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; ELECTROPHORESIS AB In the 1990s, the Newly Independent and Baltic States of the former Soviet Union experienced the largest diphtheria outbreak since the 1960s; it was caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains of a unique clonal group. To address its origin, we studied 47 clinical isolates from Russia and demonstrated that this clonal group was an integral part of the endemic reservoir that existed in Russia at least 5 years before the epidemic began. C1 Univ Tromso, Inst Clin Med, Dept Med, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. GN Gabrichevskii Epidemiol & Microbiol Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Bergen, Haukeland Hosp, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. RP Skogen, V (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Inst Clin Med, Dept Med, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 516 EP 518 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548XN UT WOS:000175415300013 PM 11996689 ER PT J AU Gibbons, RV Holman, RC Mosberg, SR Rupprecht, CE AF Gibbons, RV Holman, RC Mosberg, SR Rupprecht, CE TI Knowledge of bat rabies and human exposure among United States cavers SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We surveyed cavers who attended the National Speleological Society convention in June 2000. Fifteen percent of respondents did not consider a bat bite a risk for acquiring rabies; only 20% had received preexposure prophylaxis against the disease. An under-appreciation of the risk for rabies from bat bites may explain the preponderance of human rabies viruses caused by variant strains associated with bats in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Speleol Soc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Sect, MS G33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 532 EP 534 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548XN UT WOS:000175415300018 PM 11996694 ER PT J AU Riley, PL Downes, EA Chikomo, MP AF Riley, PL Downes, EA Chikomo, MP TI Acute respiratory infection CD module SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Software Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Riley, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 538 EP 538 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548XN UT WOS:000175415300021 ER PT J AU Gelpi, E de la Paz, MP Terracini, B Abaitua, I de la Camara, AG Kilbourne, EM Lahoz, C Nemery, B Philen, RM Soldevilla, L Tarkowski, S AF Gelpi, E de la Paz, MP Terracini, B Abaitua, I de la Camara, AG Kilbourne, EM Lahoz, C Nemery, B Philen, RM Soldevilla, L Tarkowski, S CA WHO CISAT Sci Comm Toxic Oil Syn TI The Spanish toxic oil syndrome 20 years after its onset: A multidisciplinary review of scientific knowledge SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE autoimmunity; foodborne intoxication; oleyl anilide; 3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol esters; rapeseed oil; toxic oil syndrome ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; LINOLEIC-ACID ANILIDE; HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; MOUSE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; N-PHENYLLINOLEAMIDE; SYNDROME EPIDEMIC; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; SYNDROME TOS; METABOLISM; HEALTH AB In 198 1, in Spain, the ingestion of an oil fraudulently sold as olive oil caused an outbreak of a previously unrecorded condition, later known as toxic oil syndrome (TOS), clinically characterized by intense incapacitating myalgias, marked peripheral eosinophilia, and pulmonary infiltrates. Of the 20,000 persons affected, approximately 300 died shortly after the onset of the disease and a larger number developed chronic disease. For more than 15 years, a scientific committee supported by the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe and by the Institute of Health Carlos III in Madrid has guided investigation intended to identify the causal agent(s), to assess toxicity and mode of action, to establish the pathogenesis of the disease, and to detect late consequences. This report summarizes advances in research on this front. No late mortality excess has been detected. Among survivors, the prevalence of some chronic conditions (e.g., sclerodermia, neurologic changes) is high. Attempts to reproduce the condition in laboratory animals have been unsuccessful, and no condition similar to TOS has been reported in the scientific literature. Laboratory findings suggest an autoimmune mechanism for TOS, such as high levels of seric soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Epidemiologic studies integrated with chemical analyses of case-related oils have shown that the disease is strongly associated with the consumption of oils containing fatty acid esters of 3-(N-phenylamino)- 1,2-propanediol (PAP). These chemicals have also been found in oils synthesized under conditions simulating those hypothesized to have occurred when the toxic oil was produced in 1981. Whether PAP esters are simply markers of toxicity of oils or have the capability to induce the disease remains to be elucidated. C1 Univ Turin, Dipartimento Sci Biomed & Oncol Umana, Ctr Prevenzione Oncol, I-10126 Turin, Italy. Inst Invest Biomed Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Sidrome Aceite Tox & Enfermedades Rara, Madrid, Spain. Hosp 12 Octubre, Unidad Invest Epidemiol Clin, E-28041 Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Dept Immunol, Clin Concepc, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Pneumol, Louvain, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Nofer Inst Occupat Med, Dept Environm Hlth Hazards, Lodz, Poland. RP Terracini, B (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Sci Biomed & Oncol Umana, Ctr Prevenzione Oncol, Via Santena 7, I-10126 Turin, Italy. RI Tarkowski, Stanislaw/A-5592-2012; OI Posada, Manuel/0000-0002-8372-4180 NR 64 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 457 EP 464 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 552NL UT WOS:000175626400020 PM 12003748 ER PT J AU Hoppin, JA Brock, JW Davis, BJ Baird, DD AF Hoppin, JA Brock, JW Davis, BJ Baird, DD TI Reproducibility of urinary phthalate metabolites in first morning urine samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biologic markers; environmental exposure; phthalates; reliability; urine; women's health ID BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; RATS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; WOMEN AB Phthalates are ubiquitous in our modern environment because of their use in plastics and cosmetic products. Phthalate monoesters-primarily monoethylhexyl phthalate and monobutyl phthalateare reproductive and developmental toxicants in animals. Accurate measures of phthalate exposure a-re needed to assess their human health effects. Phthalate monoesters have a biologic half-life of approximately 12 hr, and little is known about the temporal variability and daily reproducibility of urinary measures in humans. To explore these aspects, we measured seven phthalate monoesters and creatinine concentration in two consecutive first-morning urine specimens from 46 African-American women, ages 35-49 years, residing in the Washington, DC, area in 1996-1997. We measured phthalate monoesters using high-pressure liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry on a triple quadrupole instrument using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. We detected four phthalate monoesters in all subjects, with median levels of 31 ng/mL for monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP), 53 ng/mL for monobutyl phthalate (mBP), 211 ng/mL for monoethyl phthalate (mEP), and 7.3 ng/mL for monoethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP). These were similar to concentrations reported for other populations using spot urine specimens. Phthalate levels did not differ between the two sampling days. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the concentrations on the 2 days was 0.8 for mBP, 0.7 for mEHP, 0.6 for mEP, and 0.5 for mBzP. These results suggest that even with the short half-lives of phthalates, women's patterns of exposure may be sufficiently stable to assign an exposure level based on a single first morning void urine measurement. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIEHS, Lab Womens Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hoppin, JA (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Baird, Donna/0000-0002-5544-2653 NR 27 TC 149 Z9 156 U1 5 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 515 EP 518 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 552NL UT WOS:000175626400027 PM 12003755 ER PT J AU Fenske, RA Lu, CS Barr, D Needham, L AF Fenske, RA Lu, CS Barr, D Needham, L TI Children's exposure to chlorpyrifos and parathion in an agricultural community in central Washington State SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE agriculture; children; chlorpyrifos; exposure; house dust; organophosphorus; parathion; pesticides; urinary metabolites ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AB We measured two diethyl organophosphorus (OP) pesticides-chlorpyrifos and parathion-in residences, and their metabolic by-products, in the urine of children 6 years old or younger in a central Washington State agricultural community. Exposures to two dimethyl OP pesticides (azinphos-methyl and phosmet) in this same population have been reported previously. We categorized children by parental occupation and by household proximity to pesticide-treated farmland. Median chlorpyrifos house dust concentrations were highest for the 49 applicator homes (0.4 mug/g), followed by the 12 farm-worker homes (0.3 mug/g) and the 14 nonagricultural reference homes (0.1 mug/g), and were statistically different (p < 0.001); we observed a similar pattern for parathion in house dust. Chlorpyrifas was measurable in the house dust of all homes, whereas we found parathion in only 41% of the homes. Twenty-four percent of the urine samples from study children had measurable 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) concentrations [limits of quantitation (LOQ) = 8 mug/L], and 7% had measurable 4-nitrophenol concentrations (LOQ = 9 mug/L). Child urinary metabolite concentrations did not differ across parental occupational classifications. Homes in close proximity (200 ft/60 m) to pesticide-treated farmland had higher chlorpyrifos (p = 0.01) and parathion (p = 0.014) house dust concentrations than did homes farther away, but this effect was not reflected in the urinary metabolite data. Use of OP pesticides in the garden was associated with an increase in TCPy concentrations in children's urine. Parathion concentrations in house dust decreased 10-fold from 1992 to 1995, consistent with the discontinued use of this product in the region in the early 1990s. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fenske, RA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U07/CCU012926] NR 10 TC 153 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 23 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 552NL UT WOS:000175626400034 PM 12003762 ER PT J AU Steinberg, K Beck, J Nickerson, D Garcia-Closas, M Gallagher, M Caggana, M Reid, Y Cosentino, M Ji, J Johnson, D Hayes, RB Earley, M Lorey, F Hannon, H Khoury, MJ Sampson, E AF Steinberg, K Beck, J Nickerson, D Garcia-Closas, M Gallagher, M Caggana, M Reid, Y Cosentino, M Ji, J Johnson, D Hayes, RB Earley, M Lorey, F Hannon, H Khoury, MJ Sampson, E TI DNA banking for epidemiologic studies: A review of current practices SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological specimen bank; cryopreservation; DNA; lymphocyte transformation; blood spots ID WHOLE GENOME AMPLIFICATION; SICKLE-CELL DISEASE; BASE-LINE CHARACTERISTICS; DRIED BLOOD SPECIMENS; FILTER-PAPER; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; NUCLEATED CELLS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; STORAGE; MOUTHWASH AB To study genetic risk factors for common diseases, researchers have begun collecting DNA specimens in large epidemiologic studies and surveys. However, little information is available to guide researchers in selecting the most appropriate specimens. In an effort to gather the best information for the selection of specimens for these studies, we convened a meeting of scientists engaged in DNA banking for large epidemiologic studies. In this discussion, we review the information presented at that meeting in the context of recent published information. Factors to be considered in choosing the appropriate specimens for epidemiologic studies include quality and quantity of DNA, convenience of collection and storage, cost, and ability to accommodate future needs for genotyping, We focus on four types of specimens that are stored in these banks: (1) whole blood preserved as dried blood spots; (2) whole blood from which genomic DNA is isolated, (3) immortalized lymphocytes from whole blood or separated lymphocytes, prepared immediately or subsequent to cryopreservation; and (4) buccal epithelial cells. Each of the specimens discussed is useful for epidemiologic studies according to specific needs, which we enumerate in our conclusions. C1 CDCP, Mol Biol Branch, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Genet Disorders, Albany, NY USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA USA. Boston Biomed Inc, Biotech Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Pacific Res & Sci Serv, Ctr Blood, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth, Genet Dis Branch, Berkeley, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steinberg, K (reprint author), CDCP, Mol Biol Branch, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, MS F-24,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Garcia-Closas, Montserrat /F-3871-2015 OI Garcia-Closas, Montserrat /0000-0003-1033-2650 NR 63 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1097/00001648-200205000-00003 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544QF UT WOS:000175170900002 PM 11964924 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Petersen, MR Hines, CJ Dong, M Faulkner, D Deddens, JA Ruder, AM Sullivan, D Boeniger, MF AF Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Petersen, MR Hines, CJ Dong, M Faulkner, D Deddens, JA Ruder, AM Sullivan, D Boeniger, MF TI Indoor particles and symptoms among office workers: Results from a double-blind cross-over study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indoor air pollutants; particles; symptoms; intervention studies; air filtration; temperature ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; AIR-QUALITY; DUST; INTERVENTION; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; HUMIDITY; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; PRODUCTIVITY AB Background. We studied the effects of removing small airborne particles in an office building without unusual contaminant sources or occupant complaints. Methods. We conducted a double-blind crossover study of enhanced particle filtration in an office building in the Midwest United States in 1993. We replaced standard particle filters, in separate ventilation systems on two floors, with highly efficient filters on alternate floors weekly over 4 weeks. Repeated-measures models were used to analyze data from weekly worker questionnaires and multiple environmental measurements. Results. Bioaerosol concentrations were low. Enhanced filtration reduced concentrations of the smallest airborne particles by 94%. This reduction was not associated with reduced symptoms among the 396 respondents, but three performance-related mental states improved; for example, the confusion scale decreased (-3.7%; 95% confidence limits (CL) = -6.5, -0.9). Most environmental dissatisfaction variables also improved; eg, "stuffy" air, -5.3% (95% CL = -10.3, -0.4). Cooler temperatures within the recommended comfort range were associated with remarkably large improvement in most outcomes; for example, chest tightness decreased -23.4% (95% CL = -38.1, -8.7) for every 1degreesC decrease. Conclusions. Benefits of enhanced filtration require assessment in buildings with higher particulate contaminant levels in studies controlling for temperature effects. Benefits from lower indoor temperatures need confirmation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 58 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 296 EP 304 DI 10.1097/00001648-200205000-00010 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544QF UT WOS:000175170900009 PM 11964931 ER PT J AU Bruce, FC Kendrick, JS Kieke, BA Jagielski, S Joshi, R Tolsma, DD AF Bruce, FC Kendrick, JS Kieke, BA Jagielski, S Joshi, R Tolsma, DD TI Is vaginal douching associated with preterm delivery? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preterm delivery; vaginal douching; pregnancy; bacterial vaginosis; managed care ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; INFECTION; BIRTH; PREMATURITY; LABOR; WOMEN AB Background. To examine the hypothesized association be tween vaginal douching and preterm delivery, we conducted a study among women in a managed care organization in Atlanta, GA. Methods. We drew a stratified random sample of 262 preterm (20-36 weeks' gestation) and 804 term deliveries that occurred between January 1996 and April 1997. Data were collected from telephone interviews and medical records. We used proportional hazards regression to compute gestation-specific conditional probabilities of delivery. The risk of preterm delivery associated with douching was examined, adjusted for potential confounders. Results. Douching during pregnancy increased the overall risk of preterm delivery (hazard ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.0-3.7). Conclusions. Further research to clarify the relation between douching and preterm delivery should pay particular attention to the role of vaginal infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Atlanta, GA 30305 USA. RP Bruce, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Tolsma, Dennis/0000-0002-0685-0618 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 328 EP 333 DI 10.1097/00001648-200205000-00014 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544QF UT WOS:000175170900013 PM 11964935 ER PT J AU Werneck, GL Costa, CHN Walker, AM David, JR Wand, M Maguire, JH AF Werneck, GL Costa, CHN Walker, AM David, JR Wand, M Maguire, JH TI The urban spread of visceral leishmaniasis: Clues from spatial analysis SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE visceral leishmaniasis; spatial analysis; smoothing; clustering; geographic information systems; infectious disease; Brazil ID BRAZIL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATTERNS; DISEASE AB Background. The pattern of spread of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian cities is poorly understood. Methods. We used geographic information systems and spatial statistics to evaluate the distribution of 1061 cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Brazil, in 1993 through 1996. Results. A locally weighted (LOESS) regression model, which was fit as a smoothed function of spatial coordinates, demonstrated large-scale variation, with high incidence rates in peripheral neighborhoods that bordered forest land and pastures. Moran's I indicated small-scale variation and clustering up to 300 m, roughly the flight range of the sand fly vector. Conclusions. Spatial analytical techniques can identify high-risk areas for targeting control interventions. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Prevent Med, NESC, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Piaui, Hosp Doencas Infectocontagiosas, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Maguire, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Epidemiol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Werneck, Guilherme/A-2841-2013; Wand, Matt /F-9413-2012 OI Werneck, Guilherme/0000-0003-1169-1436; Wand, Matt /0000-0003-2555-896X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-16303-11] NR 21 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 364 EP 367 DI 10.1097/00001648-200205000-00020 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544QF UT WOS:000175170900019 PM 11964941 ER PT J AU Ferguson, SA Gaudes-MacLaren, LL Marras, WS Waters, TR Davis, KG AF Ferguson, SA Gaudes-MacLaren, LL Marras, WS Waters, TR Davis, KG TI Spinal loading when lifting from industrial storage bins SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE spinal loading; lifting; industrial bins; low back disorder ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MOTION MODEL; EMG-ASSISTED MODEL; LUMBAR SPINE; TRUNK AB The study documented three-dimensional spinal loading during lifting from an industrial bin. Two lifting styles and two bin design factors were examined in Phase I. The lifting style measures in Phase I were one hand versus two hand and standing on one foot versus two feet. The bin design variables were region of load in the bin and bin height. The Phase II study examined one-handed lifting styles with and without supporting body weight with the free hand on the bin as well as region and the number of feet. Twelve male and 12 female subjects lifted an 11.3 kg box from the bin. Spinal compression, lateral shear and anterior - posterior shear forces were estimated using a validated EMG-assisted biomechanical model. Phase I results indicated that the bin design factor of region had the greatest impact on spinal loading. The upper front region minimized spinal loading for all lifting styles. Furthermore, the lifting style of two hands and two feet minimized spinal loading. However, comparing Phase I two-handed lifting with Phase II one-handed supported lifting, the one-handed supported lifting techniques had lower compressive and anterior - posterior shear loads in the lower regions as well as the upper back region of the bin. A bin design that facilitates lifting from the upper front region of the bin reduces spinal loading more effectively than specific lifting styles. Furthermore, a bin design with a hand hold may facilitate workers using a supported lifting style that reduces spinal loading. C1 Ohio State Univ, Inst Ergon, Biodynam Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Ferguson, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Inst Ergon, Biodynam Lab, 1971 Neil Ave,210 Baker Syst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 45 IS 6 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.1080/00140130210123507 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 560TT UT WOS:000176098000001 PM 12061965 ER PT J AU Bassit, L Van Heuverswyn, H De Bosschere, K Nishiya, AS Carrilho, FJ Moraes, CR Sablon, E AF Bassit, L Van Heuverswyn, H De Bosschere, K Nishiya, AS Carrilho, FJ Moraes, CR Sablon, E TI Comparative study of two anti-HCV screening tests in a large genotyped population of Brazilian dialysis patients SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; PREVALENCE; RISK C1 Fundacao ProSangue Hemoctr Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Flanders Interuniv Inst Biotechnol, Ghent, Belgium. Innogenet NV, Zwijnaarde, Belgium. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Bassit, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Carrilho, Flair/I-3046-2012; Nishiya, Anna/Q-8156-2016 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 404 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s10096-002-0734-0 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 568WD UT WOS:000176567100012 PM 12072929 ER PT J AU Beck, JC Bernacki, SH Snow, K Pratt, VM Monaghan, K Stankovic, AK Williams, LO Matteson, K Schaefer, FV Friez, M Shrimpton, AE Farkas, DH Prior, TW Wasserman, L Cole, EC Stenzel, TT AF Beck, JC Bernacki, SH Snow, K Pratt, VM Monaghan, K Stankovic, AK Williams, LO Matteson, K Schaefer, FV Friez, M Shrimpton, AE Farkas, DH Prior, TW Wasserman, L Cole, EC Stenzel, TT TI Stable EBV transformed B lymphocyte cell lines derived from residual clinical blood for PE/QA of molecular genetic testing SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT European-Society-of-Human-Genetics European Human Genetics Conference in Conjuction With European Meeting on Psychosocial Aspects of Genetics CY MAY 25-28, 2002 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Soc Human Genet C1 Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. HA Chapman Inst Med Genet, Tulsa, OK USA. Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. Motorola Life Sci, Pasadena, CA USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. DynCorp Hlth Res Serv, Durham, NC USA. LabCorp, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1018-4813 J9 EUR J HUM GENET JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 10 SU 1 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 752MW UT WOS:000187166100647 ER PT J AU Hennessy, M Mercier, MM Williams, SP Arno, JN AF Hennessy, M Mercier, MM Williams, SP Arno, JN TI Client preferences for STD/HIV prevention programs SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE formative evaluation; factorial surveys; STD/HIV prevention programs ID FACTORIAL SURVEY; PARTNER NOTIFICATION AB This paper reports on a formative research study designed to elicit preferences for STD/HIV prevention programs from clients at a mid-western STD clinic. Eleven dimensions defined the hypothetical program descriptions: (1) types of participants in the prevention program, (2) specific intervention content, (3) associated medical procedures, (4) design of the study in terms of sessions and follow-up data collection, (5) compensation for participation, (6) availability of child care, (7) race/ethnicity of the program staff, (8) gender of the intervention counselor, (9) location of the intervention programs, (10) source of the program staff, and (11) funding source for the project. Results showed that potential participants preferred mixed groups or meeting individually with a counselor, extensive intervention design/data collection options were less favored than single sessions, incentives help to increase participation, homogenous ethnicity of staff decreases participation while 'a mix of races and ethnicities' increases the odds of participation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Publ Policy Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Bellflower Clin, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Hennessy, M (reprint author), Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Publ Policy Ctr, 3620 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 AR PII S0149-7189(02)00004-6 DI 10.1016/S0149-7189(02)00004-6 PG 8 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 545RB UT WOS:000175230300003 ER PT J AU Rafi-Janajreh, A Tongren, JE Kensil, C Hackett, C Candal, F Lal, A Udhayakumar, V AF Rafi-Janajreh, A Tongren, JE Kensil, C Hackett, C Candal, F Lal, A Udhayakumar, V TI Influence of adjuvants in inducing immune responses to different epitopes included in a multiepitope, multivalent, multistage Plasmodium falciparum candidate vaccine (FALVAC-1) in outbred mice SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; adjuvant; vaccine; Plasmodium falciparum ID MALARIA VACCINE; COPOLYMER ADJUVANTS; EFFICACY TRIAL; BACTERIAL-DNA; B-CELL; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROTEIN; ANTIGEN; QS-21; SPF66 AB FALVAC-1, a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum was developed by joining 21 epitopes from P. falciparum vaccine antigens and an universal T helper epitope from tetanus toxoid. Since adjuvants influence different aspects of immune responses, in this Study we investigated the effect of four adjuvants aluminum hydroxide (alum), nonionic copolymer adjuvant P1005 (water-in-oil emulsion), CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), and QS-21 in eliciting immune responses in outbred mice. QS-21 and copolymer adjuvants were the best formulations in inducing higher and long-lasting antibody titers to the whole vaccine compared to alum and CpG. QS-21 was the only adjuvant to elicit predominantly IgG2a response and antibodies reactive with all epitopes incorporated in the vaccine construct. Vaccine elicited antibodies recognized sporozoites and asexual blood-stage parasites. FALVAC-1 immunized mice induced lymphoproliferative and IFN-gamma response to the vaccine. QS-21 and CpG adjuvants were able to elicit T proliferative responses to 20 of the 22 epitopes in the vaccine. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that with suitable adjuvant such as QS-21, it is possible to elicit immune responses to most of the epitopes included in the FALVAC-1 vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resource Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Antigenics, Framingham, MA USA. Prot Sci Corp, Meriden, CT USA. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 AR PII S0014-4894(02)00029-2 DI 10.1016/S0014-4894(02)00029-2 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 599HH UT WOS:000178327700002 PM 12243733 ER PT J AU de Franchis, R Botto, LD Sebastio, G Ricci, R Iolascon, A Capra, V Andria, G Mastroiacovo, P AF de Franchis, R Botto, LD Sebastio, G Ricci, R Iolascon, A Capra, V Andria, G Mastroiacovo, P TI Spina bifida and folate-related genes: A study of gene-gene interactions SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE spina bifida; folate; genetics; epidemiology; interaction ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE; 5,10-METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; COMMON MUTATION; C677T MUTATION; RISK FACTOR; VASCULAR-DISEASE; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AB Purpose: To assess whether interactions of common alleles of two folate genes contribute to spina bifida risk. Methods: Case-control study, comparing 203 children with spina bifida to 583 controls. Results: Homozygosity for the 677C-T allele of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) alone was associated with an odds ratio for spina bifida of 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.38). For the 844ins68 allele of cystathionine-beta-synthase alone, the odds ratio was 0.83 (95% Cl, 0.39-1.64). For the joint genotype, the odds ratio was 3.69 (95% CI, 1.04-13.50). Conclusions: Interactions between common alleles of folate genes might contribute to the risk for spina bifida. C1 Univ Sacred Heart, Inst Pediat, Birth Defects Unit, I-00168 Rome, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Pediat, Naples, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Bari, Dept Pediat, Bari, Italy. Inst Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy. RP Mastroiacovo, P (reprint author), Univ Sacred Heart, Inst Pediat, Birth Defects Unit, Largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy. RI Iolascon, Achille/A-4461-2014; OI capra, valeria/0000-0002-3097-0388 NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1097/00125817-200205000-00005 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 553LN UT WOS:000175676800005 PM 12180146 ER PT J AU Evatt, BL Farrugia, A Shapiro, AD Wilde, JT AF Evatt, BL Farrugia, A Shapiro, AD Wilde, JT TI Haemophilia 2002: emerging risks of treatment SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE haemophilia; risks; treatment ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; VENOUS ACCESS DEVICES; INFECTED HEMOPHILIA PATIENTS; HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS; PRION PROTEIN; POSITIVE PATIENTS; CHILDREN; BLOOD; INFECTIVITY AB Haemophilia care and treatment products have greatly improved over the past 2 decades. Transitions in treatment produced by these changes were accompanied by the emergence of unexpected risks and new complications. In order to provide the best comprehensive care to patients with haemophilia, healthcare providers periodically need to re-evaluate and adjust their management and therapeutic products to prevent or minimize the effects produced by the emerging issues. For example, reducing the effects of infectious agents remains the highest priority for the haemophilia community because of the high level of morbidity and mortality that has resulted from earlier therapeutic agents. In many countries, the goal has been to achieve absolute zero risk for infectious agents. In some instances, the screening procedures to achieve these goals reduced the availability of plasma needed for manufactured derivatives and produced another emerging risk, shortages of clotting factor preparations. Similarly, better diagnostic methods identified other potential agents that were not inactivated by current technology. Likewise, immune tolerance regimens and the prophylactic management of haemophilia introduced different therapeutic delivery systems with their own risks. The drugs used to manage diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which were transmitted by products manufactured before mid-1980, create their own set of risks for this community. Topical emerging risks of treatment, including variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, an assessment of its risks and impact, the complications of using indwelling catheters, and the role of protease inhibitors used to treat HIV may have on bleeding complications of haemophilia are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Therapeut Goods Adm, Blood & Tissue Prod Grp, Woden, ACT, Australia. Indiana Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Hosp Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Evatt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E64, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2002.00612.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 553HD UT WOS:000175668900013 PM 12010415 ER PT J AU Bouville, A Simon, SL Miller, CW Beck, HL Anspaugh, LR Bennett, BG AF Bouville, A Simon, SL Miller, CW Beck, HL Anspaugh, LR Bennett, BG TI Estimates of doses from global fallout SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 04-05, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE fallout; radionuclide; dose; population; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements ID RADIONUCLIDE AB This paper summarizes information about external and internal doses resulting from global fallout and presents preliminary estimates of doses resulting from intermediate fallout in the contiguous United States. Most of the data on global fallout were extracted from the reports of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, in which the radiation exposures from fallout have been extensively reviewed at regular intervals. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation estimated the average effective doses received by the world's population before 2000 to be about 0.4 mSv from external irradiation and 0.6 mSv from internal irradiation, the main radionuclide contributing to the effective dose being Cs-137. Effective doses received beyond 2000 result mainly from the environmentally mobile, long-lived C-14 and amount to about 2.5 mSv summed over present and future generations. Specific information about the doses from fallout received by the United States population is based on the preliminary results of a study requested by the U.S. Congress and conducted jointly by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute. Separate calculations were made for the tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site and for the high-yield tests conducted mainly by the United States and the former Soviet Union at sites far away from the contiguous United States (global tests). The estimated average doses from external irradiation received by the United States population were about 0.5 mGy for Nevada Test Site fallout and about 0.7 mGy for global fallout. These values vary little from one organ or tissue of the body to another. In contrast, the average doses from internal irradiation vary markedly from one organ or tissue to another; estimated average thyroid doses to children born in 1951 were about 30 mGy from Nevada Test Site fallout and about 2 mGy from global fallout. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Hiroshima, Japan. RP Bouville, A (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bouvilla@epndce.nei.nih.gov NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 82 IS 5 BP 690 EP 705 DI 10.1097/00004032-200205000-00015 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 544MN UT WOS:000175164300015 PM 12003019 ER PT J AU Jarvis, WR AF Jarvis, WR TI The evolving world of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection surveillance and prevention: Is your system as mood as you think? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, MS A-07, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1086/502041 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 552JL UT WOS:000175616800004 PM 12026146 ER PT J AU Smith, TL Pullen, GT Crouse, V Rosenberg, J Jarvis, WR AF Smith, TL Pullen, GT Crouse, V Rosenberg, J Jarvis, WR TI Bloodstream infections in pediatric oncology outpatients: A new healthcare systems challenge SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; ACINETOBACTER INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate a perceived increase in central venous catheter (CVC)-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) among pediatric hematology-oncology outpatients. DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: A pediatric hematology-oncology outpatient clinic at Fresno Children's Hospital. PATIENTS: Pediatric hematology-oncology clinic outpatients with CVCs at Fresno Children's Hospital between November 1994 and October 1997. METHODS: A case-patient was defined as any hematology-oncology outpatient with a CVC-associated BSI at Fresno Children's Hospital from November 1990 to October 1997 (study period) without a localizable infection. To identify case-patients, we reviewed Fresno Children's Hospital records for all hematology-oncology clinic patients, those with CVCs and those with CVCs and BSIs. Control-patients were randomly selected hematology-oncology outpatients with a CVC but no BSI during the study period. Case-patient and control-patient demographics, diagnoses, caretakers, catheter types, catheter care, and water exposure were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-five case-patients had 42 CVC-associated BSIs during the study period. No significant increase in CVC-associated BSI rates occurred among pediatric hematology-oncology patients. However, there was a statistically significant increase in nonendogenous, gram-negative (eg, Pseudomonas species) BSIs during summer months (May-October) compared with the rest of the year. Case-patients and control-patients differed only in catheter type; case-patients were more likely than control-patients to have a transcutaneous CVC. Summertime recreational water exposures were similar and high in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hematology-oncology clinic patients with transcutaneous CVCs are at greater risk for CVC-associated BSI, particularly during the summer. Caretakers should be instructed on proper care of CVCs, particularly protection of CVCs during bathing and recreational summer water activities, to reduce the risk of nonendogenous, gram-negative BSIs (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:239-243). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Fresno Childrens Hosp, Fresno, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Smith, TL (reprint author), New Mexico Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, 1190 St Francis Dr,N 1307, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1086/502042 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 552JL UT WOS:000175616800005 PM 12026147 ER PT J AU Anderson, JM Lai, JE Dotson, EM Cordon-Rosales, C Ponce, C Norris, DE Ben Beard, C AF Anderson, Jennifer M. Lai, James E. Dotson, Ellen M. Cordon-Rosales, Celia Ponce, Carlos Norris, Douglas E. Ben Beard, C. TI Identification and characterization of microsatellite markers in the Chagas disease vector Triatoma dimidiata SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Chagas disease; Microsatellites; Triatoma AB Triatoma dimidiata, one of the major vectors of Chagas disease in Central America, is found in both domestic and peri-domestic habitats. Questions concerning population boundaries, infestation rates, insecticide resistance, and geographic dispersal of triatomine bugs persist and may be resolved using genetic markers such as microsatellites. Microsatellites are short tandem repeats found dispersed throughout a genome and can be useful for genotypic identification. We developed a plasmid library from the genomic DNA isolated from a single T. dimidiata adult collected in Guatamala. Ten thousand clones were screened using a probe consisting of nine microsatellite oligonucleotides. Eight loci appear polymorphic among populations found in Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico, and thus are potentially useful for population genetic applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Jennifer M.; Dotson, Ellen M.; Ben Beard, C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Anderson, Jennifer M.; Norris, Douglas E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Lai, James E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cordon-Rosales, Celia] Univ Valle Guatemala, Inst Invest, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Cordon-Rosales, Celia] CDC, Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Ponce, Carlos] Secretaria Salud, Lab Cent Referencia Chagas & Leishmanioses, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Ben Beard, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cbeard@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); WHO/TDR [960320 T80/181/148] FX We would like to thank Dr. Janine Ramsey, from the Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico for contribution of specimens used in the study. We also thank Dr. Tovi Lehman and Ms. Monica Licht, CDC, NCID, Parasitic Diseases, for their assistance in microsatellite analysis. We thank Mr. Brian Holloway and the staff of the NCID Biotechnology Core Facility for synthesis of the oligonucleotide primers and probes. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Emerging Infectious Disease Fellowship Program administered by the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and by a grant from WHO/TDR, ID no. 960320 T80/181/148. This work benefited from collaborations made possible through the ECLAT Research Network. The use of trade name does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Public Health Service or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 1 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 AR PII S1567-1348(02)00033-3 DI 10.1016/S1567-1348(02)00033-3 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30OF UT WOS:000208824600009 PM 12798021 ER PT J AU Zhu, KM Levine, RS Brann, EA Hall, HI Caplan, LS Gnepp, DR AF Zhu, KM Levine, RS Brann, EA Hall, HI Caplan, LS Gnepp, DR TI Case-control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; nasopharyngeal cancer; risk factors; sinonasal cancer; smoking ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; NASAL CANCER; PARANASAL SINUSES; POOLED REANALYSIS; MAXILLARY SINUS; WOOD DUST; CARCINOMA; EXPOSURE; WOODWORKING AB Sinonasal cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer may share some risk factors because both are located within the upper aerodigestive tract. They may also have different etiological profiles because of anatomic or pathologic differences. However, the similarities and differences in risk factors have rarely been studied within the same population. We assessed the risk factor profiles of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers, using data from a case-control study. The 2 case groups consisted of men aged 31-59 and diagnosed pathologically with sinonasal cancer (n=70) and nasopharyngeal cancer (n=113), respectively. Controls were men without these cancers and selected from the same areas (n=1910). Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was a risk factor for both sinonasal [odds ratio (OR)=2.5, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.1-5.4] and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0). However, ever use of barbiturates without a prescription (OR=4.9, 95% CI 1.7-13.8), working with or around cutting oils on a job (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.1) and ever having had sinus infections (OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.6) were associated with nasopharyngeal cancer only. Having received blood products other than a transfusion (OR=9.1, 95% CI 2.2-37.4) and exposure to a pesticide containing 2,4,5-T (OR=5.9, 95% CI 1.5-23.7) were related to sinonasal cancer only. When data analyses were confined to squamous cell type, smoking and exposure to chlorophenols were related to squamous cell tumors at both sites. However, use of barbiturates and sinus problems other than infection only increased the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our study suggests that except for smoking and chlorophenol exposure, which are associated with both sites, the risk factor profiles may differ between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Penn State Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA USA. Meharry Med Coll, Dept Family & Community Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Zhu, KM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, 600 Ctr View Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1002/ijc.10311 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 546XD UT WOS:000175300900019 PM 11948502 ER PT J AU Rahman, MH Akhter, HH Chowdhury, MEEK Yusuf, HR Rochat, RW AF Rahman, MH Akhter, HH Chowdhury, MEEK Yusuf, HR Rochat, RW TI Obstetric deaths in Bangladesh, 1996-1997 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality; obstetric death; contraception; Bangladesh ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; RURAL BANGLADESH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INJURIES; WOMEN AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure and to describe obstetric deaths in Bangladesh. Methods: We reviewed hospital records and interviewed health workers in clinic sites and field workers who cared for pregnant women. Results: We obtained case reports of 28998 deaths of women aged 10-50, of which 8562 (29.5%) were maternal deaths. Most (7086, 82.8%) of these deaths were due to obstetric causes. The most common causes of direct obstetric death were eclampsia (34.3%), hemorrhage (27.9%), and obstructed and/or prolonged labor (11.3%). National direct obstetric death rate was estimated to be 16.9 per 100 000 women. Conclusions: Efforts to reduce fertility in Bangladesh have led to an estimated 49% reduction in the maternal mortality rate per 1000 women during the past 18 years. Variations in maternal mortality suggest the need to develop local strategies to improve obstetric care. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. C1 Bangladesh Inst Res Promot Essential & Reprod Hlt, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rochat, RW (reprint author), Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 422, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 77 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 AR PII S0020-7292(02)00010-3 DI 10.1016/S0020-7292(02)00010-3 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 571JB UT WOS:000176713300012 PM 12031570 ER PT J AU Mathews, C Coetzee, N Zwarenstein, M Lombard, C Guttmacher, S Oxman, A Schmid, G AF Mathews, C Coetzee, N Zwarenstein, M Lombard, C Guttmacher, S Oxman, A Schmid, G TI A systematic review of strategies for partner notification for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Review DE partner notification; sexually transmitted diseases; systematic review ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; DISCLOSURE; GONORRHEA; TRIAL AB This review compares the effects of various sexually transmitted disease (STD) partner-notification strategies. Using review methods endorsed by the Cochrane Collaboration, it updates previous reviews, and addresses some of their methodological limitations. It includes 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing two or more strategies, including 8014 participants. Only two trials were conducted in developing countries, and only two trials were conducted among HIV-positive patients. The review found moderately strong evidence that: (1) provider referral alone, or the choice between patient and provider referral, when compared with patient referral among patients with HIV or any STD, increases the rate of partners presenting for medical evaluation; (2) contract referral, when compared with patient referral among patients with gonorrhoea, results in more partners presenting for medical evaluation; (3) verbal, nurse-given health education together with patient-centred counselling by lay workers, when compared with standard care among patients with any STD, results in small increases in the rate of partners treated. The review concludes that there is a need for evaluations of interventions combining provider training and patient education, for evaluations conducted in developing countries, and for the measurement of potential harmful effects. C1 S African MRC, Hlth Syst Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. Univ Cape Town, Dept Publ Hlth, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. S African MRC, Biostat Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. NYU, Fac Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mathews, C (reprint author), S African MRC, Hlth Syst Unit, POB 19070, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. NR 17 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 285 EP 300 DI 10.1258/0956462021925081 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548MB UT WOS:000175390800001 PM 11972932 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Kenyon, TA Moeti, TL Hsin, G Dooley, L El-Halabi, S Binkin, NJ AF Talbot, EA Kenyon, TA Moeti, TL Hsin, G Dooley, L El-Halabi, S Binkin, NJ TI HIV risk factors among patients with tuberculosis - Botswana 1999 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE alcohol; Botswana; case-control study; HIV; tuberculosis ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; AIDS AB To identify factors associated with HIV in Botswana, a standardized questionnaire was administered to 135 tuberculosis patients with known HIV status. HIV-positive patients were more likely than HIV-negative patients to: be female (45% vs 26% (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR)=3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-12.7)); be 26-35 years old (50% vs 19% (aPOR=2.7, CI=0.7-10.7)); be unmarried (91% vs 71% (aPOR=13.3, CI=2.5-72.7)); have higher income (24% vs 10% (aPOR=8.2, CI=1.6-42.9)); report separation from spouse/partner for work (63% vs 52% (aPOR=1.8, CI=0.5-6.2)); have 2 sex partners other than their regular partner (82% vs 67% (aPOR=1.8, CI=0.5-7.5)); and state that they or their partner drank alcohol before sex (77% vs 55% (aPOR=6.8, CI=1.9-24.1)). Only 22% of respondents used condoms during all of their past 10 sexual encounters. These data provide information for HIV prevention strategies. C1 Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, Natl TB Program, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Talbot, EA (reprint author), State Dept, 2170 Gaborone Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1258/0956462021925126 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548MB UT WOS:000175390800003 PM 11972934 ER PT J AU Himelright, I Harris, E Lorch, V Anderson, M Jones, T Craig, A Kuehnert, M Forster, T Arduino, M Jensen, B Jernigan, D AF Himelright, I Harris, E Lorch, V Anderson, M Jones, T Craig, A Kuehnert, M Forster, T Arduino, M Jensen, B Jernigan, D TI Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant Formula - Tennessee, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 297-300, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Himelright, I (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 1 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 17 BP 2204 EP 2205 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 546EZ UT WOS:000175260600009 ER PT J AU Bath, S Bisgard, K Murphy, T Shutt, K Rosenstein, N Ohuabunwo, C AF Bath, S Bisgard, K Murphy, T Shutt, K Rosenstein, N Ohuabunwo, C TI Progress toward elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease among infants and children - United States, 1998-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 234-237, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bath, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 17 BP 2206 EP 2207 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 546EZ UT WOS:000175260600010 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, L Sells, M AF Paulozzi, L Sells, M TI Variation in homicide risk during infancy - United States, 1989-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 187-189, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Publ Hlth Prevent Specialist Program, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paulozzi, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 17 BP 2208 EP 2208 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 546EZ UT WOS:000175260600011 ER PT J AU Seward, JF Jumaan, AO Galil, K Wharton, M AF Seward, JF Jumaan, AO Galil, K Wharton, M TI Varicella vaccine and shingles - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID ZOSTER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seward, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 17 BP 2211 EP 2212 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 546EZ UT WOS:000175260600019 ER PT J AU Inglesby, TV O'Toole, T Henderson, DA Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Friedlander, AM Gerberding, J Hauer, J Hughes, J McDade, J Osterholm, MT Parker, G Perl, TM Russell, PK Tonat, K AF Inglesby, TV O'Toole, T Henderson, DA Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Friedlander, AM Gerberding, J Hauer, J Hughes, J McDade, J Osterholm, MT Parker, G Perl, TM Russell, PK Tonat, K CA Working Grp Civilian Biodef TI Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002 - Updated recommendations for management SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID ORAL-OROPHARYNGEAL ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATION ANTHRAX; RHESUS-MONKEYS; OUTBREAK; WARFARE; DOXYCYCLINE; PENICILLIN; TERRORISM; SPORES AB Objective To review and update consensus-based recommendations for medical and public health professionals following a Bacillus anthracis attack against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 23 experts from academic medical centers, research organizations, and governmental, military, public health, and emergency management institutions and agencies. Evidence MEDLINE databases were searched from January 1966 to January 2002, using the Medical Subject Headings anthrax, Bacillus anthracis, biological weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare. Reference review identified work published before 1966. Participants identified unpublished sources. Consensus Process The first draft synthesized the gathered information. Written comments were incorporated into subsequent drafts. The final statement incorporated all relevant evidence from the search along with consensus recommendations. Conclusions Specific recommendations include diagnosis of anthrax infection, indications for vaccination, therapy, postexposure prophylaxis, decontamination of the environment, and suggested research. This revised consensus statement presents new information based on the analysis of the anthrax attacks of 2001, including developments in the investigation of the anthrax attacks of 2001; important symptoms, signs, and laboratory studies; new diagnostic clues that may help future recognition of this disease; current anthrax vaccine information; updated antibiotic therapeutic considerations; and judgments about environmental surveillance and decontamination. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Policy, Minneapolis, MN USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD USA. RP Inglesby, TV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Candler Bldg,Suite 830,111 Market Pl, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. NR 112 TC 607 Z9 630 U1 11 U2 104 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 17 BP 2236 EP 2252 DI 10.1001/jama.287.17.2236 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 546EZ UT WOS:000175260600024 PM 11980524 ER PT J AU Kottiri, BJ Friedman, SR Neaigus, A Curtis, R Des Jarlais, DC AF Kottiri, BJ Friedman, SR Neaigus, A Curtis, R Des Jarlais, DC TI Risk networks and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of HIV infection among injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE race; ethnicity; HIV; networks; injection drug users ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; GROUP-SPECIFIC COMPONENT; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; AIDS; SEROPREVALENCE; TRENDS; TRANSMISSION AB Studies among injection drug users (IDUs) find a higher prevalence of HIV infection among black and Puerto Rican IDUs than among white IDUs. Risk behaviors seldom explain these differences. We examine how risk networks contribute to racial/ethnic variations in HIV prevalence. Six hundred sixty-two IDUs were recruited on the street in Bushwick (New York City), interviewed, and tested for HIV. Risk behaviors and networks were analyzed to explain racial/ethnic variations in HIV. Forty percent of IDUs were infected with HIV. HIV prevalence was greater for Puerto Ricans (45%) and blacks (44%) than for whites (32%). Egocentric sexual and drug risk networks were predominantly racially/ethnically homogeneous. After multivariate adjustments for risk behaviors and risk networks, black-white differences in HIV prevalence were no longer significant. Although differences between Puerto Ricans and whites persisted, post hoc analyses suggested that network partner characteristics might explain these differences. In Bushwick, racially/ethnically discordant risk partnerships involving black IDUs may function as potential bridges of transmission between groups. C1 Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, Inst AIDS Res, New York, NY USA. CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10019 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Kottiri, BJ (reprint author), CDC, NCHS, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA06723] NR 46 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1097/00126334-200205010-00013 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548QY UT WOS:000175401600013 PM 12048369 ER PT J AU Pryor, JH Martin, MT Whitney, CG Turco, JH Baumgartner, YY Zegans, ME AF Pryor, JH Martin, MT Whitney, CG Turco, JH Baumgartner, YY Zegans, ME TI Rapid response to a conjunctivitis outbreak: The use of technology to leverage information SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE conjunctivitis; health administration; Internet communication; Web surveys AB When an outbreak of conjunctivitis was identified at a rural New England college early in 2002, the college health center medical staff used various information management and communication systems to alert the community to the situation. They called upon the state Department of Human Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to help them understand and manage the outbreak. Technological systems already in place at the college allowed for rapid collection of data by means of a survey delivered over the Internet and a carriage study facilitated by a Web-based appointment and communication system. Within days, the data were collected and analyzed and an immediate response to contain the outbreak was launched. C1 Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Dept Med, Hanover, NH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Branch, Dept Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hlth Serv, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Pryor, JH (reprint author), 7 Rope Ferry Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD MAY PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 561WC UT WOS:000176165200002 PM 12701651 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Tenover, FC AF Swenson, JM Tenover, FC TI In vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, RWJ-54428, against streptococci, enterococci and staphylococci, including glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Interdisciplinary Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 26-29, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AB The need for new antimicrobial agents with activity against Gram-positive organisms has become increasingly important because of emerging resistance. We compared the activity of a new beta-lactam antimicrobial agent, RWJ-54428 (MC-02 479), with representatives of other classes of antimicrobial agents against 76 Staphylococcus aureus (including four glycopeptide- intermediate strains), 50 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 20 Enterococcus faecalis, 20 Enterococcus faecium, 10 Enterococcus gallinarum/Enterococcus casseliflavus, 54 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 22 viridans streptococcal isolates. The MIC90 of RWJ-54428 was less than or equal to2 mg/L for all groups of bacteria tested except E. faecium. The activity against four strains of glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus was similar to that for other methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (range 0.5-2.0 mg/L). C1 CDCP, Antiinfect Invest Sect, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Antiinfect Invest Sect, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 845 EP 850 DI 10.1093/jac/dkf020 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 556JV UT WOS:000175846400022 PM 12003982 ER PT J AU Doebbeling, BN Jones, MF Hall, DB Clarke, WR Woolson, RF Torner, JC Burmeister, LF Snyders-Crumley, T Barrett, DH Falter, KH Merchant, JA Nusser, S Anderson, D Schwartz, DA AF Doebbeling, BN Jones, MF Hall, DB Clarke, WR Woolson, RF Torner, JC Burmeister, LF Snyders-Crumley, T Barrett, DH Falter, KH Merchant, JA Nusser, S Anderson, D Schwartz, DA TI Methodologic issues in a population-based health survey of Gulf War veterans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PRIMARY-CARE; MENTAL-DISORDERS; FIBROMYALGIA; PREVALENCE; SENSITIVITIES; QUESTIONNAIRE; PERSONNEL AB This report describes the principal methods used in the development, conduct, and analysis of the research study "Health Assessment of Persian Gulf War Veterans from Iowa" (Iowa Gulf War Study). The methods presented include an outline of the organizational structure, study timeline, hypotheses, outcome definitions, and study design. Adhering to a strict timeline, the study protocol and instruments were developed, and a stratified sample of 3,695 military personnel (76% participation) was located and surveyed by structured telephone inter-view. The study tracked personnel from all service branches residing nationally and internationally, including those discharged from service. This study required development and implementation of methods appropriate to analysis of data collected in a complex sampling framework and methodological procedures to ensure scientific rigor in a highly public and politicized environment. Statistical analyses were conducted on a priori health outcomes and required development of methods to compute Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel adjusted rate differences. This environment facilitated rapid implementation, critique by scientific and public advisors, a high participation rate, and rapid publication. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Stat Lab, Survey Sect, Ames, IA USA. RP Doebbeling, BN (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, SE 625 GH,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Doebbeling, Bradley/C-6620-2009 NR 69 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 55 IS 5 BP 477 EP 487 AR PII S0895-4356(01)00517-0 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00517-0 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 550VD UT WOS:000175523500009 PM 12007551 ER PT J AU Cowan, LS Mosher, L Diem, L Massey, JP Crawford, JT AF Cowan, LS Mosher, L Diem, L Massey, JP Crawford, JT TI Variable-number-tandem repeat typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with low copy numbers of IS6110 by using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMPLEX STRAINS; DIFFERENTIATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; BACTERIA AB A study set of 180 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis isolates having low copy numbers of IS6110 were genotyped using the recently introduced method based on the variable-number tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTR). The results were compared with results of the more commonly used methods, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping. The isolates were collected in Michigan from 1996 to 1999 as part of a project to genotype all isolates from new cases of tuberculosis in the state. Twelve MIRU loci were amplified, and the amplicons were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the copy number at each MIRU locus. MIRU-VNTR produced more distinct patterns (80 patterns) than did IS6110 RFLP (58 patterns.), as would be expected in this study set. Spoligo-typing identified 59 patterns. No single method defined all unique isolates, and the combination of all three typing methods generated 112 distinct patterns identitying 90 unique isolates and 90 isolates in 22 clusters. The results confirm the potential utility of MIRU-VNTR typing and show, that typing with multiple methods is required to attain maximum specificity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Mol Biol Sect, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DASTLR, Mailstop F08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 135 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1592 EP 1602 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.5.1592-1602.2002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DA UT WOS:000175428200004 PM 11980927 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC Morlock, GP Holloway, BP Limor, J Hepburn, M AF Cooksey, RC Morlock, GP Holloway, BP Limor, J Hepburn, M TI Temperature-mediated heteroduplex analysis performed by using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography to identify sequence polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; LINE PROBE ASSAY; RIFAMPICIN-RESISTANCE; RPOB MUTATIONS; GENE; SPECIMENS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; PYRAZINAMIDE; ETHAMBUTOL AB PCR products containing sequence polymorphisms were prepared from six mycobacterial genes, denatured, mixed with reference PCR products, and reannealed; the mixtures were then examined with a denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography system (WAVE) equipped with a temperature-controlled alkalated polystyrene divinyl benzene column. Mismatching of bases in heteroduplexes of the PCR products causes elution patterns of the DNA from the column to be altered. The six mycobacterial genes studied were oxyR, in which a specific polymorphism (G(1031)A) is found only in certain species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and five genes in which mutations associated with antituberculosis drug resistance have been found. The resistance genes (with affected drug and PCR product sizes given parenthetically) were rpoB (rifampin; 258 bp), katG (isoniazid; 205 bp), pncA (pyrazinamide; 579 bp); rpsL (streptomycin; 196 bp), and embB (ethambutol; 185 bp). Elution patterns of heteroduplexes of all 20 polymorphisms studied shifted detectably at column temperatures ranging from 65.3 to 68degreesC and elution times of 3.5 to 6 min. These results show that temperature-mediated heteroduplex analysis is a potentially useful genotypic screen for mutations associated with antituberculosis drug resistance and for the G(1031)A polymorphism in oxyR. The method may allow users to detect novel as well as heterogeneous mutations without using expensive kits or detection labels. C1 CDCP, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div Aids Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Transgenom Inc, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), CDCP, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div Aids Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Mail Stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1610 EP 1616 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.5.1610-1616.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DA UT WOS:000175428200006 PM 11980929 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC Abbadi, SH Woodley, CL Sikes, D Wasfy, M Crawford, JT Mahoney, F AF Cooksey, RC Abbadi, SH Woodley, CL Sikes, D Wasfy, M Crawford, JT Mahoney, F TI Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from the cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients at six fever hospitals in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; AMPLIFICATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; NETHERLANDS; DIAGNOSIS; IS6110; CAIRO AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from cerebrospinal fluid of 67 meningitis patients were obtained from six fever hospitals in Egypt. One M. bovis and 66 M. tuberculosis isolates were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of oxyR. Among the M. tuberculosis isolates, 53 unique strain types (with 3 to 16 copies of IS6110) were found by RFLP analyses. Nine clusters (eight with two isolates each and one with six isolates) were also found. Thirty-six spoligotypes, including a( least 10 that have been previously reported from other countries, were also observed. Forty-one (62.1%) of the isolates were in spoligotype clusters, and 22 (33%) of the isolates were in RFLP clusters. Fifty-one of the isolates were susceptible in vitro to all of the antituberculosis drugs tested, 11 were monoresistant to capreomycin, rifampin, isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide, or streptomycin (STR), 4 were resistant to STR and 1101, and I was resistant to STR, INH, and ethambutol. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Mail Stop F-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1651 EP 1655 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.5.1651-1655.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DA UT WOS:000175428200013 PM 11980936 ER PT J AU Fang, ZY Yang, H Qi, J Zhang, J Sun, LW Tang, JY Ma, L Du, ZQ He, AH Xie, JP Lu, YY Ji, ZZ Zhu, BQ Wu, HY Lin, SE Xie, HP Griffin, DD Ivanoff, B Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Fang, ZY Yang, H Qi, J Zhang, J Sun, LW Tang, JY Ma, L Du, ZQ He, AH Xie, JP Lu, YY Ji, ZZ Zhu, BQ Wu, HY Lin, SE Xie, HP Griffin, DD Ivanoff, B Glass, RI Gentsch, JR TI Diversity of rotavirus strains among children with acute diarrhea in China: 1998-2000 surveillance study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ANTIBODIES; SEROTYPE; VP7; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; EMERGENCE; PROBES; BRAZIL AB As part of a national rotavirus surveillance activity, we collected fecal specimens from 3,177 children with acute diarrhea in 10 regions of China between April 1998 and April 2000 and screened them for rotavirus. Rotavirus was detected in 41% (n=1,305) of specimens, and in these, G1 was the predominant serotype (72.6%), followed by G3 (14.2%), G2 (12.1%), G4 (2.5%), G9 (0.9%), and G untypeable (0.7%). Among 327 G-typed strains tested for P genotype, 14 different P.G combinations were identified, with the globally common strains P[8]G1, P[4]G2, P[8]G3, and P[8]G4 representing 75.6% of all typed rotavirus strains. Among the uncommon strains, 11 were P[6]G9, and others included P[6]G1, P[6]G3, and five novel P-G combinations (P[9]G1,P[4]G1, P[4]G3, P[4]G4, and P[8]G2). Our results indicate that while the common rotavirus strains remain predominant, the diversity of strains is much greater than was previously recognized. C1 Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Div Enter Viruses, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. Beijing Friendship Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Changchun Childrens Hosp, Changchun, Peoples R China. Lulong Anti Epidem Stn, Qinhuangdao, Peoples R China. Kunming Childrens Hosp, Kunming, Peoples R China. Fujian Anti Epidem Stn, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. Guangzhou Childrens Hosp, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Anti Epidem Stn, Hangzhou, Peoples R China. Zhengzhou Childrens Hosp, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. Lanzhou Med Coll, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Sichuan Anti Epidem Stn, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Fang, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Div Enter Viruses, 100 Ying Xin Jic,Xuan Wu Qu, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. EM fangzhyn@263.net; rglass@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 65 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1875 EP 1878 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.5.1875.1878.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DA UT WOS:000175428200060 PM 11980983 ER PT J AU Peipins, LA Highfill, KA Barrett, E Monti, MM Huang, PW Jiang, X AF Peipins, LA Highfill, KA Barrett, E Monti, MM Huang, PW Jiang, X TI A Norwalk-like virus outbreak on the Appalachian Trail SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; WATER; CALICIVIRUSES; WILDERNESS; AGENT; WELL; PCR AB In May and June 1999, an outbreak of acute gastrointestinal illness occurred among long-distance hikers on the Appalachian Trail between Catawba and Troutville, Virginia. An investigation found that 45 out of 70 hikers had become ill within two days of arriving in Catawba, Virginia. Water samples wen Collected from a general store frequented by the hikers and from several nearby buildings and a popular all-you-can-cat restaurant. Symptoms were consistent with those caused by Norwalk-Re viruses, and laboratory diagnosis detected Norwalk-like viruses m stool and serum specimens. People who consumed food items prepared at the general store were almost twice as likely to become ill as persons who did not consume Those foods. Environmental sampling of water from the taps inside and outside the general store and from several surrounding establishments in Catawba found contamination by fecal coliform bacteria but not by Norwalk-like virus. Since several hikers reported illness prior to arriving at Catawba, person-to-person transmission of a highly contagious agent such as Norwalk-like virus could not be ruled out. Poor sanitation, scarce water supplies, and crowding can increase the risk of gastrointestinal illness among long-distance hikers. C1 Agcy Tox Substances, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peipins, LA (reprint author), Agcy Tox Substances, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2002 VL 64 IS 9 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 599BK UT WOS:000178314100002 PM 12004584 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS AF Coughlin, SS TI Future challenges for research on diagnostic tests: genetic tests and disease prevention SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID PUBLIC-HEALTH PERSPECTIVES; RISK C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD MAY PY 2002 VL 56 IS 5 BP 335 EP 336 DI 10.1136/jech.56.5.335 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544ZM UT WOS:000175191800009 PM 11964425 ER PT J AU Wu, FM Beuchat, LR Doyle, MP Garrett, V Wells, JG Swaminathan, B AF Wu, FM Beuchat, LR Doyle, MP Garrett, V Wells, JG Swaminathan, B TI Fate of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in coleslaw during storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID APPLE CIDER; MAYONNAISE; GROWTH AB An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection associated with the consumption of coleslaw in several units of a restaurant chain prompted a study to determine the fate of the pathogen in two commercial coleslaw preparations (pH 4.3 and 4.5) held at 4, 11, and 21degreesC for 3 days. At an initial population of 5.3 log(10) CFU/g of coleslaw, E. coli O157:H7 did not grow in either coleslaw stored at the three temperatures. Rather, the population of E. coli O157:H7 decreased by 0.1 to 0.5 log(10) CFU/g within 3 days. The greatest reduction (0.4 and 0.5 log(10) CFU/g) in population occurred at 21degreesC, whereas only slight decreases (0.1 to 0.2 log(10) CFU/g) occurred at 4 and 11degreesC. A pH of 4.3 to 4.5 of coleslaw had little effect on reducing E. coli O157:H7 populations. Results suggest that the tolerance of E. coli O157:H7 to acid pH, not temperature abuse, is a major factor influencing the pathogen's fate in restaurant-prepared coleslaw. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Doyle, MP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 845 EP 847 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 549FU UT WOS:000175434500021 PM 12030298 ER PT J AU Mizuno, Y Kennedy, M Weeks-Norton, K Myllyluoma, J AF Mizuno, Y Kennedy, M Weeks-Norton, K Myllyluoma, J TI An examination of adolescents who were and were not exposed to "teens stopping AIDS": Reaching the hard-to-reach SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Teens Stopping AIDS (TSA) was an HIV prevention project in Sacramento, California, that involved coalitions of volunteers in designing and launching a social marketing intervention. Mounted in 15 zip codes where teen sexually transmitted disease (STD) and pregnancy rates were high, TSA delivered HIV prevention messages for one year through various communication channels (e.g., radio spots, posters, skills-building workshops). Sixty-seven percent of 521 sexually active adolescents surveyed in a random sample phone interview reported exposure to TSA. To inform future refinements in the intervention, logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with exposure to the program. Eighteen-year-olds were less likely than their younger counterparts to report exposure to TSA (OR (odds ratio] = .54, p<.05). Adolescents living in zip codes where a concentrated effort had been made to hold workshops, display posters, and organize peer outreach were more likely than adolescents living outside of these zip codes to report any program exposure (OR=2.57, p<.01). Adolescents traditionally viewed as "hard to reach" (i.e., males, minorities, and those with a history of high-risk behavior) were no less likely than other adolescents to report exposure to TSA. Characterizing the members of the unexposed segment of the target audience made it possible to offer practical suggestions for expanding the reach of the program. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Off AIDS, Sacramento, CA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mizuno, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1080/10810730290088085 PG 7 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 580CH UT WOS:000177216600003 PM 12166873 ER PT J AU Hisada, M Lal, RB Masciotra, S Rudolph, DL Martin, MP Carrington, M Wilks, RJ Manns, A AF Hisada, M Lal, RB Masciotra, S Rudolph, DL Martin, MP Carrington, M Wilks, RJ Manns, A TI Chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of human T lymphotropic virus type I infection in Jamaica SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Human Retrovirology HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND ID DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIV-1 INFECTION; CCR2; AIDS AB Polymorphisms of some chemokine receptor genes and their ligands are associated with susceptibility and progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection. This study assessed whether these variants are also responsible for susceptibility to infection with human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I. Frequencies of CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF-1-3'A genotype among 116 HTLV-I-positive and 126 HTLV-I-negative persons of African descent in Jamaica were 1.0%, 14.9%, and 5.4%, respectively. The association of HTLV-I infection with the most common variant, CCR2-64I, was examined in 532 subjects. Thirteen (5.4%) of 241 HTLV-I-negative subjects were homozygous for CCR2-64I, versus 3 (1.0%) of 291 HTLV-I-positive subjects (P = .005). Among HTLV-I carriers, provirus load and antibody titer were not significantly different in persons with CCR2-+/64I or CCR2-+/+. These findings suggest that CCR2-64I, or alleles in linkage disequilibrium with it, may affect the risk of HTLV-I infection in a recessive manner. C1 NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD USA. CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ W Indies, Res Inst Trop Med, Epidemiol Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Hisada, M (reprint author), NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut B;vd,EPS 8008, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 9 BP 1351 EP 1354 DI 10.1086/340129 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 542FR UT WOS:000175033300020 PM 12001056 ER PT J AU McEllistrem, MC Mendelsohn, AB Pass, MA Elliott, JA Whitney, CG Kolano, JA Harrison, LH AF McEllistrem, MC Mendelsohn, AB Pass, MA Elliott, JA Whitney, CG Kolano, JA Harrison, LH TI Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-10, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; HIV; IMMUNIZATION; BACTEREMIA; ADULTS AB The proportion of relapses and reinfections that are potentially preventable by vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with recurrent pneumococcal disease is unknown. Isolates from HIV-infected individuals from Baltimore with recurrent pneumococcal invasive disease were collected from 1 January 1995 through 31 December 2000. Serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were performed. From 1 January 1995 through 31 December 1998, 14.9% (404/ 2717) of those who had a pneumococcal infection were HIV infected. The recurrence rate among HIV-infected individuals was 6.4-fold higher than that among individuals without HIV infection (P < .01). Among recurrent infections in 41 individuals, there were 42 reinfections and 6 relapses. All relapses and 91% (70/77) of reinfections were due to serotypes covered by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Reinfection was more common than relapse among HIV-infected individuals with recurrent pneumococcal disease. Although a substantial proportion of recurrent pneumococcal infections was potentially preventable by vaccine, creating an effective vaccine may be challenging for this population. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McEllistrem, MC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, 3601 5th Ave,Ste 3A,Falk Med Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23-AI01788-01, K24 AI052788] NR 18 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 9 BP 1364 EP 1368 DI 10.1086/339882 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 542FR UT WOS:000175033300023 PM 12001059 ER PT J AU Toma, T Miyagi, I Crabtree, MB Miller, BR AF Toma, T Miyagi, I Crabtree, MB Miller, BR TI Investigation of the Aedes (Stegomyia) flavopictus complex (Diptera : Culicidae) in Japan by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes flavopictus; Aedes flavopictus downsi; Aedes flavopictus miyarai; ribosomal DNA; phylogenetic tree; Japan ID CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; RYUKYU ARCHIPELAGO; IDENTIFICATION AB Aedes (Stegomyia) flavopictus Yamada is widely distributed in Japan and Korea. The species comprises three subspecies based on current morphological taxonomy: Aedes f. flavopictus in the Palearctic region of Japan, Ae. f downsi Bohart & Ingram from Amami and Okinawa Islands, and Ae. f miyarai Tanaka, Mizusawa & Ingram from Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago. These subspecies designations are based on observations of a combination of several morphological characters, none of which, by itself is diagnostic for discriminating among the three subspecies. To further study the relationships in this group, we examined the nucleic acid sequence divergence in the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA gene array of Ae. flavopictus individuals collected at five sites from three geographic regions in Japan. Analysis of sequence data by distance and maximum parsimony methods produced phylogenetic trees that showed separation of the specimens into three major clades, corresponding to both subspecies and geographic region. These results were consistent with and support the current classification and geographic distribution of the three subspecies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Toma, T (reprint author), Univ Ryukyus, Fac Med, Sch Hlth Sci, Lab Med Zool, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030215, Japan. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.461 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BZ UT WOS:000178371900011 PM 12061441 ER PT J AU Piesman, J Dolan, MC AF Piesman, J Dolan, MC TI Protection against Lyme disease spirochete transmission provided by prompt removal of nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; Lyme disease; tick removal ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; TICK ATTACHMENT; DURATION; DAMMINI; DISSEMINATION; PREVENTION; INFECTION; FEVER; MICE; RISK AB Public health recommendations for Lyme disease prevention generally include daily tick checks and prompt removal of attached ticks as a means of decreasing the risk of acquiring Lyme disease in highly endemic regions. In the current study, we determined whether crushing nymphal ticks during removal with forceps increased the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission, what degree of protection from transmission of B. burgdorferi was provided by removal of nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say at specific intervals, and whether commercial devices marketed for tick removal worked when tested against nymphal L scapularis. Both removal via gentle pressure (26% transmission) or crushing the tick (30% transmission) caused a significant decrease in transmission as compared with the sham control (70% transmission). The degree of protection provided via tick removal decreased steadily up to 60 h of attachment; between 60 and 66 h, a dramatic falloff in protection occurred to the point where no protection was observed at 66 h. Finally, commercial tick removal devices varied widely in their efficacy for the removal of attached nymphal I. scapularis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 509 EP 512 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.509 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BZ UT WOS:000178371900018 PM 12061448 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, U Frith-Terhune, A Cogswell, M Khan, LK AF Ramakrishnan, U Frith-Terhune, A Cogswell, M Khan, LK TI Dietary intake does not account for differences in low iron stores among Mexican American and non-Hispanic White women: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2000 Meeting CY APR 14-19, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE iron deficiency; dietary supplements; anemia; diet assessment; women ID MEAL COMPOSITION; BIOAVAILABILITY; POPULATION; DEFICIENCY; PREVALENCE; ABSORPTION; ANEMIA AB We used nationally representative data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to examine the relationship between low iron stores (serum ferritin < 12 μg/L) and dietary patterns that might affect iron status among Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) girls and women of reproductive age (12-39 y). Dietary data from the qualitative food-frequency questionnaire were used to classify subjects into three categories (using the 25th and 75th quartile values for NHW) for intake of heme iron, nonheme iron, iron absorption enhancers, and iron absorption inhibitors. The prevalence of low iron stores was 17.4% among MA (n = 1368) and 7.9% among NHW (n = 1473). Compared with high intake, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for low iron stores was 1.80 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-2.62] for medium intake of heme iron and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.25-0.91) for low intake of nonheme iron (plus iron supplement). Compared with no use, use of vitamin C supplements was associated with half the risk of low iron stores (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29-0.87). Similar results were found after income and parity were controlled for, except that the protective effect of vitamin C supplements was no longer significant. Even after adjustment for sociodemographic and dietary factors, MA women remained at increased risk for low iron stores (OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.30-2.49) indicating that the reasons for the higher prevalence of iron deficiency in MA women warrants further investigation. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ramakrishnan, U (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Ramakrishnan, Usha/L-8921-2016 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-34531, R29 HD034531] NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 132 IS 5 BP 996 EP 1001 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 550DQ UT WOS:000175488700021 PM 11983827 ER PT J AU Prah, JD Blount, B Cardinali, FL Ashley, DL Leavens, T Case, MW AF Prah, JD Blount, B Cardinali, FL Ashley, DL Leavens, T Case, MW TI The development and testing of a dermal exposure system for pharmacokinetic studies of administered and ambient water contaminants SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE dermal exposure; dermal pharmacokinetics; methods; methyl tertiary butyl ether; disinfection byproducts; human water exposures; toxicology ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BY-PRODUCTS; HUMAN BLOOD AB Introduction: In order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of water-borne chemicals while eliminating exposures by other routes, a dermal exposure system was developed to expose the hand and forearm of human subjects. Methods: The goal was, primarily, to study the dermal pharmacokinetics of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a water contaminant, and, secondarily, the ambient disinfection byproducts (DBPs). MTBE is used as a fuel oxygenate and DBPs result from chlorination of drinking water. The DBPs measured in the water and blood of the subjects were chloroform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane. The dermal exposure system was constructed of inert and impervious materials. The interface between the glass and Teflon exposure tank and the subject was custom-made of clear Tedlar (polyvinylfluoride) so that the depth of the arm in the media could be monitored. Results: Sampling of the water concentration of the test chemical, MTBE, demonstrated stability over the duration of the exposure. A temperature loss of about 1.5 degreesC occurred over the course of the 1-h exposure. Blood concentrations taken from 14 human subjects before, during, and after the 1-h exposure demonstrated that measurable MTBE and DBPs were absorbed. Discussion: This system has the advantages of maintaining contaminant concentration and exposing an anatomically distinct body region, and the convenience of blood sampling. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Prah, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MD 58B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM prah.james@epa.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1056-8719 J9 J PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S1056-8719(03)00004-2 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 658CC UT WOS:000181703200008 PM 12628310 ER PT J AU Cadwallader, TW Farmer, TW Cairns, BD Leung, MC Clemmer, JT Gut, DM Reese, LE AF Cadwallader, TW Farmer, TW Cairns, BD Leung, MC Clemmer, JT Gut, DM Reese, LE TI The social relations of rural African American early adolescents and proximal impact of the school engagement project SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescence; African American; peers; rural; social development ID NETWORK CENTRALITY; PEER; BEHAVIOR; CONFIGURATIONS; FRIENDSHIPS; PREVENTION; STUDENTS; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; RELIABILITY AB This paper reports on the social relations of rural African American early adolescents and the initial impact of a multilevel universal intervention program aimed at enhancing the productive school engagement of at-risk youth. Students' school social relations were assessed with social cognitive mapping procedures that yield in-formation on peer group membership and social network centrality (i.e., prominence in the social structure). Risk status was determined by cluster analysis of teacher ratings of students' adjustment on multiple dimensions including aggression, academic competence, and popularity. Four subgroups were identified: Model, Aggressive, Troubled, and Below Average. Differences among clusters were found in network centrality and patterns of peer affiliations. In addition, boys in the Below Average and Troubled configurations showed an increase in social prominence after the initial intervention phase. (C) 2002 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dev Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farmer, TW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dev Sci, CB 8115, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4405 J9 J SCHOOL PSYCHOL JI J. Sch. Psychol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 239 EP 258 AR PII S0022-4405(02)00099-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-4405(02)00099-7 PG 20 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 566VM UT WOS:000176449000004 ER PT J AU Murphy, WJ Franks, JR Krieg, EF AF Murphy, WJ Franks, JR Krieg, EF TI Hearing protector attenuation: Models of attenuation distributions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STANDARD LABORATORY PROTOCOL; FIELD ATTENUATION; DEVICES AB Current hearing protector rating standards estimate the protection performance for a given frequency as the mean attenuation minus a multiple of the standard deviation. Distributions of real-ear attenuation at threshold data are fit with maximum likelihood estimation procedures using both normal and mixed-normal models. Attenuations from six hearing protectors, Bilsom UF-1 earmuff, Bilsom Quietzone, E(.)A(.)R((R)) Classic((R)), E(.)A(.)R((R)) EXPRESS(R) Pod Plugs((R)), Howard Leight MAX, and Wilson EP100 earplugs, measured with a subject-fit protocol are reported. The mixed-normal (bimodal) model provides a better fit to the empirical data than the unimodal model for most frequencies and protectors. Primarily, the bimodal model fits the shape of the distributions caused by data from poorly-fit protectors. This paper presents an alternative method for estimating the protection performance either with the more accurate bimodal model or directly from the empirical cumulative distributions of the attenuation data. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Murphy, WJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 111 IS 5 BP 2109 EP 2116 DI 10.1121/1.1461835 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 552RC UT WOS:000175632500017 PM 12051431 ER PT J AU Zitzow, LA Rowe, T Morken, T Shieh, WJ Zaki, S Katz, JM AF Zitzow, LA Rowe, T Morken, T Shieh, WJ Zaki, S Katz, JM TI Pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses in ferrets SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; A VIRUS; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; CLEAVAGE SITE; MOUSE MODEL; HUMANS; MICE; HEMAGGLUTININ; IMMUNITY; PATHOGENICITY AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses caused outbreaks of disease in domestic poultry and humans in Hong Kong in 1997. Direct transmission of the H5N1 viruses from birds to humans resulted in 18 documented cases of respiratory illness, including six deaths. Here we evaluated two of the avian H5N1 viruses isolated from humans for their ability to replicate and cause disease in outbred ferrets. A/Hong Kong/483/97 virus was isolated from a fatal case and was highly pathogenic in the BALB/c mouse model, whereas A/Hong Kong/486/97 virus was isolated from a case with mild illness and exhibited a low-pathogenicity phenotype in mice. Ferrets infected intranasally with 10(7) 50% egg infectious doses (EID50) of either H5N1 virus exhibited severe lethargy, fever, weight loss, transient lymphopenia, and replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract, as well as multiple systemic organs, including the brain. Gastrointestinal symptoms were seen in some animals. In contrast, weight loss and severe lethargy were not noted in ferrets infected with 10(7) EID50 of two recent human H3N2 viruses, although these viruses were also isolated from the brains, but not other extrapulmonary organs, of infected animals. The results demonstrate that both HSN1 viruses were highly virulent in the outbred ferret model, unlike the differential pathogenicity documented in inbred BALB/c mice. We propose the ferret as an alternative model system for the study of these highly pathogenic avian viruses. C1 CDCP, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Div Anim Resources, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 51 TC 239 Z9 256 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 76 IS 9 BP 4420 EP 4429 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.9.4420-4429.2002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 541CB UT WOS:000174966700030 PM 11932409 ER PT J AU Spiropoulou, CF Kunz, S Rollin, PE Campbell, KP Oldstone, MBA AF Spiropoulou, CF Kunz, S Rollin, PE Campbell, KP Oldstone, MBA TI New World arenavirus clade C, but not clade A and B viruses, utilizes alpha-dystroglycan as its major receptor SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; TROPISM; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; DISEASE; COMPLEX; LCMV AB alpha-Dystroglycan (a-DG) has been identified as a major receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Lassa virus, two Old World arenaviruses. The situation with New World arenaviruses is less clear: previous studies demonstrated that Oliveros virus also exhibited high-affinity binding to alpha-DG but that Guanarito virus did not. To extend these initial studies, several additional Old and New World arenaviruses were screened for entry into mouse embryonic stem cells possessing or lacking alpha-DG. In addition, representative viruses were further analyzed for direct binding to alpha-DG by means of a virus overlay protein blot assay technique. These studies indicate that Old World arenaviruses use alpha-DG as a major receptor, whereas, of the New World arena-viruses, only clade C viruses (i.e., Oliveros and Latino viruses) use alpha-DG as a major receptor. New World clade A and B arenaviruses, which include the highly pathogenic Machupo, Guanarito, Junin, and Sabia viruses, appear to use a different receptor or coreceptor for binding. Previous studies with LCMV have suggested the need for a small aliphatic amino acid at LCMV GP1 glycoprotein amino acid position 260 to allow high-affinity binding to alpha-DG. As reported herein, this requirement appears to be broadly applicable to the arena-viruses as determined by more extensive analysis of alpha-DG receptor usage and GP1 sequences of Old and New World arenaviruses. In addition, GP1 amino acid position 259 also appears to be important, since all arenaviruses showing high-affinity alpha-DG binding possess a bulky aromatic amino acid (tyrosine or phenylalanine) at this position. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, Div Virol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Physiol Neurol & Biophys, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Spiropoulou, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-09484, AI-45927, R01 AI009484, R01 AI045927] NR 27 TC 107 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 76 IS 10 BP 5140 EP 5146 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.10.5140-5146.2002 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 546DK UT WOS:000175256500045 PM 11967329 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Dong, RG Rakheja, S Schopper, AW AF Wu, JZ Dong, RG Rakheja, S Schopper, AW TI Simulation of mechanical responses of fingertip to dynamic loading SO MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hyperelastic; finite element analysis; soft tissue mechanics; vibration; visco-elastic ID VIBRATION WHITE FINGER; HAND-TRANSMITTED VIBRATION; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; SOFT-TISSUES; IN-VIVO; SKIN; PRESSURE; SYSTEM; COLD AB Extended exposure to mechanical vibration has been related to many vascular, sensorineural and musculoskeletal disorders of the hand-arm system, frequently termed 'hand-arm vibration syndrome' (HAVS). A two-dimensional. nonlinear finite element model of a finger-tip is developed to study the stress and strain fields of the soft tissue under dynamic loading, that may be encountered while grasping and operating a hand-held power tool. The model incorporates the most essential anatomical elements of a fingertip, such as soft tissue, bone, and nail. The finger is assumed to be in contact with a steel plate. simulating the interaction between the fingertip and a vibrating machine tool or handle. The soft tissue is assumed to be nonlinearly visco-elastic, while the nail, bone, and steel plate are considered to be linearly elastic. In order to study the time-dependent deformation behavior of the fingertip, the numerical simulations were performed under ramp-like loading with different ramping periods and sinusoidal vibrations of the contacting plate at three different frequencies (1, 10, and 31.5 Hz). Owing to relatively large deformations of the soft tissue under specified static and dynamic loading, Lagrangian large deformation theory was applied in the present analysis. The effects of the loading rate and the frequency of the sinusoidal vibration on the time-dependent strain/stress distributions in the different depth within the soft tissue of the fingertip are investigated numerically. Our simulations suggest that the soft tissue of the fingertip experiences high local stress and strain under dynamic loading and the fingertip may separate from the vibrating contact surface due to the viscous deformation behaviour of the soft tissue. For a given deformation, the high frequency loading produces a higher stress in the tissues compared to that obtained at a low frequency loading. The present model may serve as a useful tool to study the mechanism of tissue degeneration under vibratory loading encountered during operation of hand-held power tools. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of IPEM. C1 CDC, E&CTB, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), CDC, E&CTB, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1350-4533 J9 MED ENG PHYS JI Med. Eng. Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 253 EP 264 AR PII S1350-4533(02)00018-8 DI 10.1016/S1350-4533(02)00018-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 558ML UT WOS:000175971100002 PM 11996844 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Addy, CL Martin, M Blair, SN AF Hootman, JM Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Addy, CL Martin, M Blair, SN TI Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among sedentary and physically active adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE sport injuries; lower extremity; walking; running ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; RUNNING INJURIES; EXERCISE; SPORTS; FITNESS; WOMEN; RISK; MEN; PATTERNS; RUNNERS AB HOOTMAN, J. M., C. A. MACERA, B. E. AINSWORTH. C. L. ADDY, M. MARTIN, and S. N. BLAIR. Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among sedentary and physically active adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34. No. 5, pp. 838-844, 2002. Purpose: This study describes the types and frequencies of musculoskeletal injuries among a cohort of adults with above average activity levels who were enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (Dallas, TX). Methods: Participants were adults aged 20-85 yr who completed a baseline clinical examination (1970-1982) and returned a mailed follow-up survey in 1986. Participants (5,028 men, 1,285 women) were measured for aerobic fitness, height, and body weight during the baseline examination. They reported detailed information about their physical activity levels and injury experiences on the follow-up survey (1986). An injury was defined as any self-reported soft tissue or bone injury that occurred within the previous 12 months. Activity-related injuries were those injuries participants attributed to participation in a formal exercise program. Results: A quarter of all participants reported a musculoskeletal injury. Of these, 83% were activity-related. More than 66% of activity-related injuries occurred in the lower extremity: the knee was listed as the joint most often affected. There were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of injury. regardless of cause. Sport participants had the highest proportion of all-cause and activity-related musculoskeletal injuries among both men and women. Self-perceived severe injuries had a significant negative impact on physical activity levels since almost 1/3 of subjects reported permanently stopping their exercise program after injury. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for developing and implementing injury prevention programs targeted toward moderately active adults. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, CDCP, Atlanta, GA USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Hlth Phys Educ Recreat & Safety, Murfreesboro, TN USA. Cooper Inst Aerob Res, Dallas, TX USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06945] NR 31 TC 129 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 18 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 34 IS 5 BP 838 EP 844 DI 10.1097/00005768-200205000-00017 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 548RG UT WOS:000175402700017 PM 11984303 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Butera, ST Shinnick, TM AF Lawn, SD Butera, ST Shinnick, TM TI Tuberculosis unleashed: the impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the host granulomatous response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Review DE tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; human immunodeficiency virus type 1; granuloma; cell-mediated immunity ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; HIV-INFECTION; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AB The granuloma plays a critical role in the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, containing the organism and confining it in a latent state in most infected individuals. Indeed, approximately one-third of the world's population has latent M. tuberculosis infection. However, over the past decade, the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) pandemic has profoundly affected the incidence and clinicopathological features of tuberculosis. This review examines the immunological mechanisms whereby HIV-1 impairs the establishment, maintenance and function of the tuberculous granuloma. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Publ Hlth Serv,US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Hosp Trop Dis, 2nd Floor,Mortimer Market,Tottenham Court Rd, London WC1E 6AU, England. NR 92 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 4 IS 6 BP 635 EP 646 AR PII S1286-4579(02)01582-4 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01582-4 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 563JT UT WOS:000176253100007 PM 12048033 ER PT J AU Tosoni, A Nebuloni, M Ferri, A Bonetto, S Antinori, S Scaglia, M Xiao, LH Moura, H Visvesvara, GS Vago, L Costanzi, G AF Tosoni, A Nebuloni, M Ferri, A Bonetto, S Antinori, S Scaglia, M Xiao, LH Moura, H Visvesvara, GS Vago, L Costanzi, G TI Disseminated microsporidiosis caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi III (dog type) in an Italian AIDS patient: a retrospective study SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenal gland; AIDS; brain; disseminated infection; encephalitozoon cuniculi; kidney; liver; microsporidia; ovary; pathology ID IN-VITRO CULTURE; MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES; TISSUE-SECTIONS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES; URINE; PCR; ULTRASTRUCTURE; BIOLOGY AB We report a case of disseminated microsporidiosis in an Italian woman with AIDS. This study was done retrospectively using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens obtained at autopsy. Microsporidia spores were found in the necrotic lesions of the liver, kidney, and adrenal gland and in ovary, brain, heart, spleen, lung, and lymph nodes. The Infecting agent was identified as belonging to the genus Encephalitozoon based on transmission electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. Additional molecular studies, including sequence of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, identified the agent as E. cuniculi, Genotype III. We believe that this is the first report of a human case of disseminated microsporidial infection involving the ovary. C1 Anat Patol Osped L Sacco, Pathol Unit, I-20157 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Inst Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, L Sacco Hosp, Inst Infect Dis & Trop Med, Milan, Italy. Hosp Vimercate, Pathol Unit, Milan, Italy. Univ Pavia, IRCCS, Dept Infect Dis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, IRCCS, Infect Dis Res Labs, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tosoni, A (reprint author), Anat Patol Osped L Sacco, Pathol Unit, Via GB Grassi 74, I-20157 Milan, Italy. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Antinori, Spinello/E-7936-2017 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Antinori, Spinello/0000-0003-0569-9407 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1038/modpathol.3880566 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 553FN UT WOS:000175665300013 PM 12011264 ER PT J AU Castranova, V Porter, D Millecchia, L Ma, JYC Hubbs, AF Teass, A AF Castranova, V Porter, D Millecchia, L Ma, JYC Hubbs, AF Teass, A TI Effect of inhaled crystalline silica in a rat model: Time course of pulmonary reactions SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE silicosis; animal model; nitric oxide; reactive oxygen species; fibrosis ID NF-KAPPA-B; COAL-WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION; INVOLVEMENT; CLEARANCE AB Numerous investigations have been conducted to elucidate mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of silicosis. However, most of these studies involved bolus exposure of rats to silica, i.e. intratracheal instillation or a short duration inhalation exposure to a high dose of silica. Therefore, the question of pulmonary overload has been an issue in these studies. The objective of the current investigation was to monitor the time course of pulmonary reactions of rats exposed by inhalation to a non-overload level of crystalline silica. To accomplish this, rats were exposed to 15 mg/m(3) silica, 6 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 116 days of exposure. At various times (5-116 days exposure), animals were sacrificed and silica lung burden, lung damage, inflammation, NF-kappaB activation, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production, cytokine production, alveolar type II epithelial cell activity, and fibrosis were monitored. Activation of NF-kappaB/DNA binding in BAL cells was evident after 5 days of silica inhalation and increased linearly with continued exposure. Parameters of pulmonary damage, inflammation and alveolar type II epithelial cell activity rapidly increased to a significantly elevated but stable new level through the first 41 days of exposure and increased at a steep rate thereafter. Pulmonary fibrosis was measurable only after this explosive rise in lung damage and inflammation, as was the steep increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1 production from BAL cells and the dramatic rise in lavageable alveolar macrophages. Indicators of oxidant stress and pulmonary production of nitric oxide exhibited a time course which was similar to that for lung damage and inflammation with the steep rise correlating with initiation of pulmonary fibrosis. Staining for iNOS and nitrotyrosine was localized in granulomatous regions of the lung and bronchial associated lymphoid tissue. Therefore, these data demonstrate that the generation of oxidants and nitric oxide, in particular, is temporally and anatomically associated with the development of lung damage, inflammation, granulomas and fibrosis. This suggests an important role for nitric oxide in the initiation of silicosis. C1 NIOSH, HELD, PPRB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Castranova, V (reprint author), NIOSH, HELD, PPRB, MS L-2015,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 234 IS 1 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1023/A:1015967017103 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 564VW UT WOS:000176335100021 PM 12162431 ER PT J AU Lin-Lee, YC Nakamura, S Gandhi, V Curley, SA Stuber, D Burkot, TR Kuo, MT AF Lin-Lee, YC Nakamura, S Gandhi, V Curley, SA Stuber, D Burkot, TR Kuo, MT TI Prolonged stability and sustained prodrug cell killing activity using receptor-mediated delivery of malarial circumsporozoite-cytosine deaminase fusion protein into liver cancer cells SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID GENE DELIVERY; DESIALYLATED GLYCOPROTEINS; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; THERAPY; 5-FLUOROCYTOSINE; 5-FLUOROURACIL; CARCINOMA AB An effective strategy of delivering recombinant DNA or protein by nonviral vectors faces two major challenges: (a) the selective delivery to the specific target tissue; and (b) a long-term expression of the protein once inside the cells. The present study describes a receptor-mediated delivery strategy using recombinant fusion protein consisting of malaria circumsporozoite (CS) protein as a ligand and bacterial cytosine deaminase (CD), which catalyzes the production of 5-fluorouracil from its prodrug 5-fluorocytosine. We demonstrate that the. CD-CS fusion protein can be internalized in a receptor-mediated manner, providing a target delivery. The internalized CD-CS is capable of synthesizing 5-fluorouracil from the exogenously added 5-fluorocytosine and elicits cell killing with bystander activities. Most importantly, the internalized recombinant protein is stable and remains functional for at least several days, probably because of the entrapment of the fusion protein in particular cytoplasmic compartments that are free from cytoplasmic degradation machinery. Thus, it is possible to use a simple recombinant fusion strategy to enhance intracellular protein stability for manufacturing biological active product in a cell type-specific manner. The application of this strategy in the treatment of liver cancers and liver metastasis of colorectal cancers is discussed. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Houston, TX 77030 USA. F Hoffmann La Roche & Cie AG, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kuo, MT (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, Box 89,1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA16672, CA72404, CA79085] NR 27 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 1 IS 7 BP 461 EP 467 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 607BK UT WOS:000178770400003 PM 12479264 ER PT J AU Morris, MC Scherr, PA Hebert, LE Bennett, DA Wilson, RS Glynn, RJ Evans, DA AF Morris, MC Scherr, PA Hebert, LE Bennett, DA Wilson, RS Glynn, RJ Evans, DA TI Association between blood pressure and cognitive function in a biracial community population of older persons SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cognitive performance; blood pressure; aged; epidemiology studies ID WHITE-MATTER LESIONS; VASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; MINI-MENTAL-STATE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; BRAIN MORPHOLOGY; ISCHEMIC STROKE; ELDERLY PEOPLE; FOLLOW-UP; DEMENTIA AB We examined whether or not blood pressure is related to cognitive function in a cross-sectional study of a biracial community of 5,816 persons aged 65 years and older. Blood pressure had a curvilinear association with cognitive performance in linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race and education. Scores were lower by 2-5 percentiles at 100 mm Hg systolic pressure compared to scores at the mean of 140 mm Hg and lower by <1 percentile at 180 mm Hg. For diastolic pressure, scores were lower by 2-3 percentiles at 60 mm Hg and by 1-2 percentiles at 100 mm Hg compared to scores at the mean (77 mm Hg). The differences in the scores with low blood pressure were reduced with further adjustment for body mass index, self-perceived health status, depressive symptoms, alcohol use and smoking. The curvilinear associations were stronger among persons with histories of stroke, myocardial infarction and hypertension. The cross-sectional association between blood pressure and cognitive functions is small and curvilinear and more apparent in persons with cardiovascular conditions. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Morris, MC (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10161, AG11101] NR 64 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1159/000054809 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 551XK UT WOS:000175589100004 PM 12006775 ER PT J AU Cordell, RL AF Cordell, RL TI A public health perspective on infectious disease aspects of the revised standards for health and safety in out-of-home child care SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID SEATTLE-KING COUNTY; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; PEDIATRICIANS ROLE; CENTERS; FACILITIES; WASHINGTON; PHYSICIAN; ILLNESS; PARENTS AB The author discusses factors associated with day care attendance that enhance the communicability of common pathogens and special concerns that face the pediatrician, such as when a child may return to day care and treatment of the other day care attendees following significant exposures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cordell, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E55,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 307 EP + PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 550QK UT WOS:000175513600006 PM 12025744 ER PT J AU Ray, GT Butler, JC Black, SB Shinefield, HR Fireman, BH Lieu, TA AF Ray, GT Butler, JC Black, SB Shinefield, HR Fireman, BH Lieu, TA TI Observed costs and health care use of children in a randomized controlled trial of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conjugate pneumococcal vaccine; pneumococcus; vaccine; cost; randomized trial ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; OTITIS-MEDIA; BOOTSTRAP; EFFICACY AB Background. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for infants has recently been found to be effective for prevention of meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia and otitis media, but it is more costly than previously introduced vaccines. Aim. We sought to determine the savings in medical costs through 36 months of life attributable to the use of the vaccine in healthy infants in a large randomized trial. Methods. We analyzed the actual medical costs of 36 471 children involved in a randomized trial of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine conducted in the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. The costs of the vaccine and vaccine administration were excluded. Results. Compared with the control group, the vaccinated group experienced a 2% reduction in clinic related costs [$48; 95% confidence interval (CI), $10 to $83] and a nearly significant 14% reduction in outpatient hospitalization costs ($32; CI -$1 to $66). The savings in total medical costs were 1.2%, but this difference was not significant ($41; CI -$204 to $270). Inpatient hospital costs were highly variable and were responsible for the lack of precision in the difference in total cost. In a post hoc analysis that excluded hospital costs not believed to be potentially pneumococcal related, savings in medical costs were $78 and significant (CI $5 to $158). Conclusions. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine reduced ambulatory care costs in children in the first 36 months of life, but without a larger trial, the magnitude of the savings in total medical costs is uncertain. These results indicate, however, that any medical cost savings that are associated with the vaccine are unlikely to be high enough to offset the cost of the vaccine at its current price. C1 Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. RP Ray, GT (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, No Calif Reg,3503 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000012556.47152.69 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 552GL UT WOS:000175611200001 PM 12150168 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Bell, BP AF Armstrong, GL Bell, BP TI Hepatitis A virus infections in the United States: Model-based estimates and implications for childhood immunization SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; statistical models; incidence ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; RISK-FACTORS; A VIRUS; AGE; VACCINATION; TRANSMISSION; EXCRETION; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Objective. The high prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the US population suggests that the incidence of infection is much higher than reported, but the infection rate is difficult to measure directly because of anicteric infection and underreporting. We present a model that reconciles the reported incidence of hepatitis A with the observed prevalence of antibody to HAV and provides an estimate of the true incidence of HAV infection. Methods. In the model, reported incidence of hepatitis A in the United States was adjusted to account first for anicteric infection and then for underreporting and declining incidence over time such that the prevalence predicted by the model approximated that observed in 2 nationwide surveys. Results. The model showed incidence in the susceptible population declining by 4.5% per year. As incidence declined early in the 1900s, the average age at infection increased, leading to a paradoxical increase in the incidence of icteric infection followed by a slow decline. The model estimated approximately 270 000 (range: 190 000360 000) infections annually from 1980 to 1999, 10.4 times the number of hepatitis A cases actually reported during this period. More than half of these infections occurred in children who were younger than 10 years, most of which would have been clinically unrecognizable as hepatitis. Conclusions. These results suggest a large reservoir of infection in children and that interruption of transmission in children may substantially reduce incidence of hepatitis A overall. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 38 TC 124 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 109 IS 5 BP 839 EP 845 DI 10.1542/peds.109.5.839 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 547EZ UT WOS:000175321200033 PM 11986444 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Mulinare, J Erickson, JD AF Botto, LD Mulinare, J Erickson, JD TI Occurrence of omphalocele in relation to maternal multivitamin use: A population-based study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE omphalocele; epidemiology; prevention; vitamins; malformation; pregnancy ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ABDOMINAL-WALL DEFECTS; DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE POOL IMBALANCE; FOLIC-ACID; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; OEIS COMPLEX; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; IMPERFORATE ANUS; HEART-DEFECTS AB Objective. We evaluated the association between mothers' use of multivitamin supplements and their infants' risk for omphalocele, a congenital anomaly of the abdominal wall. Omphalocele can occur in certain multiple congenital anomaly patterns with neural tube defects, for which a protective effect of multivitamins with folic acid has been demonstrated. Methods. We used data from a population-based case-control study of infants born from 1968-1980 to mothers residing in metropolitan Atlanta. Case-infants with nonsyndromic omphalocele (n = 72) were actively ascertained from multiple sources. Control-infants (n = 3029), without birth defects, were selected from birth certificates by stratified random sampling. Results. Compared with no use in the periconceptional period, periconceptional use of multivitamin supplements (regular use from 3 months before pregnancy through the first trimester of pregnancy) was associated with an odds ratio for nonsyndromic omphalocele of 0.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2-1.0). For the subset comprising omphalocele alone or with selected midline defects (neural tube defects, hypospadias, and bladder/cloacal exstrophy), the odds ratio was 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1-0.9). These estimates were similar when the reference group also included women who began using multivitamins late in pregnancy (during the second or third month of pregnancy). The small number of participants limited the precision of subgroup analyses and translated into wide confidence intervals that included unity. Conclusions. Periconceptional multivitamin use was associated with a 60% reduction in the risk for nonsyndromic omphalocele. These findings await replication from additional studies to confirm the findings, generate more precise estimates, and detail possible mechanisms of actions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 109 IS 5 BP 904 EP 908 DI 10.1542/peds.109.5.904 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 547EZ UT WOS:000175321200043 PM 11986454 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Esteban, E Rubin, C Holmes, AE Brody, DJ AF Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Esteban, E Rubin, C Holmes, AE Brody, DJ TI Noise-induced hearing loss - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID THRESHOLD LEVELS; CHILDREN; AGE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Niskar, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 109 IS 5 BP 987 EP 988 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 547EZ UT WOS:000175321200063 ER PT J AU Galuska, DA Fulton, JE Powell, KE Burgeson, CR Pratt, M Elster, A Griesemer, BA AF Galuska, DA Fulton, JE Powell, KE Burgeson, CR Pratt, M Elster, A Griesemer, BA TI Pediatrician counseling about preventive health topics: Results from the physicians' practices survey, 1998-1999 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pediatrician; counseling; preventive health services; physician's practice patterns ID NATIONAL SURVEY; PRIMARY-CARE; INJURY PREVENTION; ATTITUDES; PATIENT; DETERMINANTS; GUIDELINES; EXERCISE; SERVICES; BELIEFS AB Objective. Government agencies and national organizations recommend that physicians counsel their child and adolescent patients about preventive health topics. Using data from a national survey, we describe the counseling patterns of pediatricians in regard to 9 recommended preventive health topics. Methodology. Between October 1998 and April 1999, information was collected from 907 of 1760 primary care pediatricians randomly selected from a nationally representative sample. Through either a telephone interview or a mail survey, pediatricians were asked how frequently in the past month they counseled about 9 preventive health topics during the well-care visits or routine check-ups of their patients. Pediatricians answered questions regarding their patients aged 2 to 5, 6 to 12, and 13 to 18 years. Results. Over 80% of the pediatricians counseled about 1 or more recommended preventive health topics during the well-care visits or routine check-ups of their patients. As compared with pediatricians who did not counsel about any topic, pediatricians who counseled were significantly more likely to be female and spend longer amounts of time with their patients during these visits. The frequency with which specific preventive health topics were discussed varied with the topic and the age of the patient. Conclusion. Most pediatricians routinely counsel about some, but not all, recommended preventive health topics. An understanding of why pediatricians selectively counsel about specific topics is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Dept Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. Hlth Tracks Ctr, Springfield, MO USA. RP Galuska, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 40 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 109 IS 5 AR e83 DI 10.1542/peds.109.5.e83 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 547EZ UT WOS:000175321200014 PM 11986489 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Levine, WC St Louis, ME Braxton, J Berman, SM AF Gust, DA Levine, WC St Louis, ME Braxton, J Berman, SM TI Mortality associated with congenital syphilis in the United States, 1992-1998 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE congenital syphilis; mortality; case fatality ratio; prenatal care; early treatment ID BENZATHINE PENICILLIN; RISK AB Objective. To summarize national trends in the incidence of congenital syphilis (CS) and associated mortality. Methods. We analyzed CS surveillance data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1992-1998. Results. From 1992-1998, 942 deaths, including 760 stillbirths, were reported among 14 627 cases of CS, yielding a case fatality ratio (stillborns and deaths/all cases) of 6.4%. Untreated, inadequately treated, or undocumented treatment of syphilis during pregnancy accounted for 87.4% of reported cases. Among CS cases, there was an inverse relationship between the number of prenatal care visits (0, 1-4, 5-9, > 10) and risk of fatal outcome. Among deaths, 52% of deliveries occurred by 30 weeks' gestation. Among live born infants with CS, death occurred more often in infants for whom no radiograph or cerebrospinal fluid evaluation was reported. Although both cases and deaths from CS declined from 1992-1998, there was no significant change in the case fatality ratio. Conclusion. Mortality associated with CS continues to be an important public health problem that will resurge if adult syphilis rates increase. Because a large proportion of deaths occur at low gestational age, earlier diagnosis and treatment of maternal syphilis may substantially reduce the case fatality ratio. C1 CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 109 IS 5 AR e79 DI 10.1542/peds.109.5.e79 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 547EZ UT WOS:000175321200010 PM 11986485 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Dietz, WH AF Wang, GJ Dietz, WH TI Economic burden of obesity in youths aged 6 to 17 years: 1979-1999 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; adolescents; obesity; hospitalization; comorbidities; costs ID YOUNG ADULTHOOD; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; CONSEQUENCES; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Objective. To examine the trend of obesity-associated diseases in youths and related economic costs. Methods. Using a multiyear data file of the National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1979-1999, we analyzed the changes in obesity-associated diseases and economic costs in youths (6-17 years of age) over time. Diabetes, obesity, sleep apnea, and gallbladder disease were examined to explore the trend of the disease burden. Other obesity-associated diseases for which obesity was listed as a secondary diagnosis were also analyzed. Obesity-associated hospital costs were estimated from the discharges with obesity listed as a principal or secondary diagnosis. Results. From 1979-1981 to 1997-1999, the percentage of discharges with obesity-associated diseases increased. The discharges of diabetes nearly doubled (from 1.43% to 2.36%), obesity and gallbladder diseases tripled (0.36% to 1.07% and 0.18% to 0.59%, respectively), and sleep apnea increased fivefold (0.14% to 0.75%). Ninety-six percent of discharges with a diagnosis of obesity listed obesity as a secondary diagnosis. Asthma and some mental disorders were the most common principal diagnoses when obesity was listed as a secondary diagnosis. Obesity-associated annual hospital costs (based on 2001 constant US dollar value) increased more than threefold; from $35 million (0.43% of total hospital costs) during 1979-1981 to $127 million (1.70% of total hospital costs) during 1997-1999. Conclusions. Among all hospital discharges, the proportion of discharges with obesity-associated diseases has increased dramatically in the past 20 years. This increase has led to a significant growth in economic costs. These findings may reflect the impact of increasing prevalence and severity of obesity. Diet and physical activity interventions should be developed for weight loss and prevention of weight gain in youths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 244 Z9 249 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 109 IS 5 AR e81 DI 10.1542/peds.109.5.e81 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 547EZ UT WOS:000175321200012 PM 11986487 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Doebbeling, CC Schwartz, DA Voelker, MD Falter, KH Woolson, RF Doebbeling, BN AF Barrett, DH Doebbeling, CC Schwartz, DA Voelker, MD Falter, KH Woolson, RF Doebbeling, BN TI Posttraumatic stress disorder and self-reported physical health status among US military personnel serving during the Gulf War period - A population-based study SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID VIETNAM COMBAT VETERANS; SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; VALIDITY; SEEKING; WOMEN; CARE AB The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and perceived physical health. Participants included 3,682 Gulf War veterans and control subjects of the same era who completed a telephone survey about their health status. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Checklist-Military Version. Veterans screening positive for PTSD reported significantly more physical health symptoms and medical conditions than did veterans without PTSD. They were also more likely to rate their health status as fair or poor and to report lower levels of health-related quality of life. The results of this study are consistent with studies of other combat veterans and provide further support for an association between PTSD and adverse physical health outcomes. Stressful or traumatic life events, such as those encountered during a rapid military deployment and conflict, are associated with a variety of adverse health effects. These health effects may manifest themselves in both psychological and physical outcomes. Health care providers must be attentive to recognize and evaluate both of these dimensions. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Iowa City Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Mail Stop E-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Doebbeling, Bradley/C-6620-2009 FU NIMH NIH HHS [5T32MH15158-23]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU711513] NR 46 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.43.3.195 PG 11 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 553RM UT WOS:000175689300004 PM 12075034 ER PT J AU Moien, M AF Moien, M TI The National Health Care Survey - Change is in the air SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moien, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 117 IS 3 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1093/phr/117.3.303 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 617LW UT WOS:000179364000010 ER PT J AU Robertson, BH Margolis, HS AF Robertson, BH Margolis, HS TI Primate hepatitis B viruses - genetic diversity, geography and evolution SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENETIC RELATEDNESS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENOME SEQUENCE; HEPADNAVIRUS; CHIMPANZEE; SUBTYPES; GENOTYPE AB There are six well characterised genotypes (A-F) of human hepatitis B virus that have distinct geographic ranges which generally relate to chronic HBV infection. A seventh human genotype (G) has recently been described, but there is limited information on ethnic and geographic distribution. Despite the fact that early studies indicated that HBV antigens were present in other primates, the prevailing dogma that HBV was a human disease precluded alternative explanations. Within the past 5 years, hepatitis B viruses have been characterised from all the Old World great apes (orangutan, gibbons, gorillas and chimpanzees) and from a New World woolly monkey. Each group of non-human primates appears to have a distinct strain of hepatitis B virus that can be distinguished from human sequences based upon the nucleoticle sequence and selected amino acid changes in the viral proteins. The woolly monkey HBV is most divergent from other primate and human sequences, while the great ape HBV sequences cluster together with separate branches for each group. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis A33, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis A33, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1002/rmv.348 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 553GC UT WOS:000175666600002 PM 11987138 ER PT J AU Johansson, A Urich, SK Chu, MC Sjostedt, A Tarnvik, A AF Johansson, A Urich, SK Chu, MC Sjostedt, A Tarnvik, A TI In vitro susceptibility to quinolones of Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TULAREMIA; CIPROFLOXACIN; FLUOROQUINOLONES; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; AGENTS AB Francisella tularensis is a potent pathogen and a possible bioterrorism agent, for which quinolones offer promising new therapeutic options. There are, however, no data on the susceptibility to quinolones of natural isolates of F. tularensis tularensis, the highly virulent North American subspecies. In the present study, 8 isolates of F. tularensis tularensis, originating from 8 different states of the USA, and 16 US isolates of F. tularensis holarctica were tested. All 24 isolates showed MIC values less than or equal to0.125 mg/l to 6 different quinolones. Against ciprofloxacin, the predominant quinolone used to date in therapy against subspecies holarctica, MIC values were consistently less than or equal to 0.064 mg/l. Thus quinolones seem to be promising options for the treatment of tularemia, including cases caused by the highly virulent subspecies F. tularensis tularensis. C1 Umea Univ, Dept Infect Dis, S-90185 Umea, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Umea, Sweden. Def Res Estab, Umea, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Tarnvik, A (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Infect Dis, S-90185 Umea, Sweden. RI Johansson, Anders/D-2928-2012; OI Johansson, Anders/0000-0003-0548-5943; Sjostedt, Anders/0000-0002-0768-8405 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 5 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1080/00365540110080773 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 558FJ UT WOS:000175955400002 PM 12069013 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Frank, M Alter, MJ Arduino, MJ AF Tokars, JI Frank, M Alter, MJ Arduino, MJ TI National surveillance of dialysis-associated diseases in the United States, 2000 SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID HEMODIALYSIS UNIT; HEPATITIS-B AB In December 2000, all U.S. dialysis centers were surveyed regarding selected patient care practices and dialysis-associated diseases. The results were compared with similar surveys conducted in previous years. During 1997 2000 the percentage of patients vaccinated against hepatitis B virus infection increased from 47% to 58% and the percentage of staff vaccinated increased from 87% to 88%. In 2000, an estimated 64% of patients were vaccinated for influenza and 27% for pneumococcal pneumonia. In 2000, routine testing for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was performed on staff at 40% of centers and on patients at 58% of centers; anti-HCV was found in 1.7% of staff and 8.4% of patients. During 19952000, the percentage of patients who received dialysis through central catheters increased from 13% to 24%; this trend is worrisome because infections and antimicrobial use are higher in patients receiving dialysis through catheters. However, during the same period the percentage of patients receiving dialysis through fistulas increased from 22% to 28%. In 2000, 25% of catheters were used for new patients awaiting an implanted access, 28% for established patients with a failed access awaiting a new implanted access, 41% as an access of last resort, and 6% for other reasons, including patient preference. The percentage of centers reporting one or more patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) increased from 11.5% in 1995 to 32.7% in 2000. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch,Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch,Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 23 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1046/j.1525-139X.2002.00051.x PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 564CP UT WOS:000176297700010 PM 12100454 ER PT J AU Bauwens, JE Orlander, H Gomez, MP Lampe, M Morse, S Stamm, WE Cone, R Ashley, R Swenson, P Holmes, KK AF Bauwens, JE Orlander, H Gomez, MP Lampe, M Morse, S Stamm, WE Cone, R Ashley, R Swenson, P Holmes, KK TI Epidemic lymphogranuloma venereum during epidemics of crack cocaine use and HIV infection in the Bahamas SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MEMBRANE PROTEIN GENE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; VARIABLE DOMAINS; RISK; TRANSMISSION; HERPES; ASSAY; SEX AB Background. Since the early 1980s, the Bahamas has experienced sequential epidemics of freebase/crack cocaine use, genital ulcer-inguinal adenopathy disease (GUD), and heterosexual HIV infection. Goal. To prospectively define the etiology of GUD in patients at the Princess Margaret Hospital during outbreaks of crack cocaine use, GUD, and HIV infection in the Bahamas. Study Design: In Nassau, 47 consecutive patients with GUD underwent serologic testing for syphilis and for infections with HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and Chlamydia trachomatis. Genital ulcer specimens were tested by culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for Haemophilus ducreyi; by PCR and/or antigen assay for HSV; and by PCR for C trachomatis. Lymph node aspirates were tested by PCR for C trachontatis and H ducreyi. Results: Twenty patients (43%) had HIV infection; eight had lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), confirmed by PCR detection of C trachomatis sequences consistent with the L2 serovar; and nine others had possible LGV, on the basis of serum microimmunofluorescent C trachomatis antibody titers greater than or equal to256. Inguinal lymphadenopathy or bubo was present in 15 of 17 patients, who thus met the laboratory criteria for definite or possible LGV, and in 7 of 30 who did not meet such laboratory criteria (P < 0.001). Thirteen patients had confirmed genital herpes, seven had confirmed chancroid, and four bad probable or possible primary syphilis. Conclusions, The epidemics in the Bahamas of crack use, heterosexual HIV infection, and GUD apparently included epidemic transmission of LGV. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Div Virol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Princess Margaret Hosp, Nassau, Bahamas. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, STD Lab Div, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holmes, KK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Box 359931,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 31448] NR 20 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1097/00007435-200205000-00001 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 549NK UT WOS:000175450200001 PM 11984440 ER PT J AU Mertz, KJ Schwebke, JR Gaydos, CA Beidinger, HA Tulloch, SD Levine, WC AF Mertz, KJ Schwebke, JR Gaydos, CA Beidinger, HA Tulloch, SD Levine, WC TI Screening women in jails for chlamydial and gonococcal infection using urine tests - Feasibility, acceptability, prevalence, and treatment rates SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Society-for-STD-Research CY JUL 11-14, 1999 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Int Soc STD Res AB Background: Women entering jails are at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases; however, screening for chlamydial and gonococcal infection is not routinely performed in most jails. New urine tests have made it easier to screen for these infections in nonclinical settings. Goal: The feasibility and acceptability of urine-based screening for women entering jails and the prevalence of and treatment rates for chlamydial and gonococcal infections were determined. Study Design: Women entering jails in Chicago, Illinois; Birmingham, Alabama; and Baltimore, Maryland, who signed consent forms were tested for chlamydial and gonococcal infection by means of the urine ligase chain reaction assay. Those testing positive were treated in jail; health department staff members attempted to contact those already released. Results: Most women who were approached agreed to be tested (range, 87-98%, depending on city), and most of these women provided a specimen (range, 92-100%). Among 5364 women aged 16 to 75 years who were tested, the prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections was high, especially among those <25 years of age (range, 15.3-21.5% for chlamydial infection and 8.2-9.2% for gonorrhea, depending on city). The majority of women testing positive were treated in jail or outside of jail (61-85%). Conclusions: Screening women in jails for chlamydial and gonococcal infection with urine tests is feasible, is acceptable to most women, and leads to detection and treatment of many infections. Routine screening should reduce medical complications in this population and should prevent transmission in the community, given that many women are soon released. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mertz, KJ (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, MS E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 10 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1097/00007435-200205000-00004 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 549NK UT WOS:000175450200004 PM 11984443 ER PT J AU Chen, JL Kodagoda, D Lawrence, AM Kerndt, PR AF Chen, JL Kodagoda, D Lawrence, AM Kerndt, PR TI Rapid public health interventions in response to an outbreak of syphilis in Los Angeles SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY SYPHILIS; AZITHROMYCIN; ELIMINATION; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Background: Despite national ambitions to eliminate syphilis, occasional outbreaks continue to occur in many areas of the United States. Goal: The goal of the study was to describe and evaluate the public health interventions in response to an outbreak of syphilis in Los Angeles County among men who have sex with men. Study Design: Reported cases of primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis that occurred during an outbreak period from December 1999 to September 2000 were included in the study. The outbreak components of provider awareness, active surveillance, community-based organization recruitment, media campaign, community-outreach education and screening, and a correctional facility intervention were described. Screening results were reviewed, sexually transmitted disease (STD) hotline calls were counted, and a street-intercept survey was conducted. Results: A multifaceted outbreak response was initiated in March 2000. Of the 89 outbreak cases identified, 40% were detected by HIV/AlDS early intervention providers and 26% by private clinicians or health maintenance organizations. Other case identification sources included public STD clinics (10%), STD program case-management contacts (7%), mobile van screening (7%), and correctional facility screening (10%). Screening at high-risk venues detected a syphilis prevalence of <1% and an HIV prevalence of 6%. Weekly calls to the STD hotline increased 600% during the outbreak, and 80% of surveyed individuals cited the media as the source of their awareness of syphilis. Conclusions: A multifaceted outbreak response was launched to react to an outbreak of syphilis among men who have sex with men. Prompt provider awareness and a preexisting network of HIV/AIDS providers aided case detection. Although the effectiveness of the response could not be scientifically determined, the diverse components of the response were associated with a faster decline in the outbreak than would have been expected. After 3 months, 89 cases had been identified. Outbreak preparedness should include a focus on communities of men who have sex with men, because the reintroduction of syphilis in this population may threaten national efforts toward syphilis elimination. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Epidemiol Invest Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, JL (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv STD Programs & Ser, Calif Epidemiol Invest Serv, 2615 S Grand Ave,Room 500, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC 00142] NR 20 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1097/00007435-200205000-00005 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 549NK UT WOS:000175450200005 PM 11984444 ER PT J AU Kahn, RH Heffelfinger, JD Berman, SM AF Kahn, RH Heffelfinger, JD Berman, SM TI Syphilis outbreaks among men who have sex with men - A public health trend of concern SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kahn, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,M-S-E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.1097/00007435-200205000-00006 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 549NK UT WOS:000175450200006 PM 11984445 ER PT J AU Ayala, CN Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Keenan, NL Donehoo, RS Malarcher, AM Mensah, GA AF Ayala, CN Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Keenan, NL Donehoo, RS Malarcher, AM Mensah, GA TI Sex differences in US mortality rates for stroke and stroke subtypes by race/ethnicity and age, 1995-1998 SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE ethnic groups; intracerebral hemorrhage; stroke, ischemic; stroke mortality; subarachnoid hemorrhage ID UNITED-STATES; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; RISK-FACTORS; INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; NATIVE-AMERICANS; HEALTH-CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; EMERGENCY AB Background and Purpose-Ischemic stroke accounts for 70% to 80% of all strokes, but intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhagic strokes have greater fatality. Age-standardized death rates from overall stroke are higher among men than women, but little is known about sex differences in stroke subtype mortality by race/ethnicity. Methods-We analyzed 1995 to 1998 national death certificate data to compare sex-specific age-standardized death rates (per 100 000) for ischemic stroke (n=507 256), intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (n=98 709), and subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke (n=27 334) among whites, blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. We calculated rate ratios and 95% CIs comparing women with men within age and racial/ethnic groups. Results-Age-specific rates of ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke deaths were lower for women than for men aged 25 to 44 and 45 to 64 years but were higher for ischemic stroke among older women, aged greater than or equal to65 years. Only among whites did women have higher age-standardized rates of ischemic stroke. Age-standardized death rates for intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke among women were lower than or similar to those among men in all racial/ethnic groups. Women had higher risk of death from subarachnoid hemorrhagic; this sex differential increased with age. Conclusions-The female-to-male mortality ratio differs for stroke subtypes by race/ethnicity and age. A primary public health effort should focus on increasing the awareness of stroke symptoms, particularly among people at high risk, to decrease delay in early detection and effective stroke treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovas Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ayala, CN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovas Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 53 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD MAY PY 2002 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1201 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000015028.52.771.D1 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 549ML UT WOS:000175447900015 PM 11988590 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Moore, CA Daniel, KL Erickson, JD AF Honein, MA Moore, CA Daniel, KL Erickson, JD TI Problems with informing women adequately about teratogen risk: Some barriers to preventing exposures to known teratogens SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREGNANCY; PRESCRIPTION; DRUGS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 202 EP 204 DI 10.1002/tera.10057 PG 3 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 547YQ UT WOS:000175361000004 PM 11967916 ER PT J AU Miller, CH Dilley, AB Drews, C Richardson, L Evatt, B AF Miller, CH Dilley, AB Drews, C Richardson, L Evatt, B TI Changes in von Willebrand factor and factor VIII levels during the menstrual cycle SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Letter ID WOMEN; COAGULATION; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Miller, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, NCID, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 8 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1082 EP 1083 PG 2 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 563AK UT WOS:000176231100028 PM 12083494 ER PT J AU Correa, PA Whitworth, WC Kuffner, T McNicholl, J Anaya, JM AF Correa, PA Whitworth, WC Kuffner, T McNicholl, J Anaya, JM TI HLA-DR and DQB1 gene polymorphism in the North-western Colombian population SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE Colombia; HLA-Class II; population study; PCR-SSP AB HLA-DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5 and DQB1 polymorphisms were studied using molecular methods in a population of 100 unrelated healthy individuals from an area in north-west Colombia (Medellin) inhabited by the "Paisa", a community with features of a genetically isolated group. The most frequently observed specificities at the DRB1 locus were *07 (16.4%) and *15 (12%), and at the DQB1 locus *02 (18.8%) and *03 (33.6%), of which *0302 was the most prevalent allele (14.3%). The most polymorphic specificities were DRB1*04, 13 and 11, and DQB1*06. Both the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 loci were in linkage disequilibrium. Haplotypes were estimated using maximum likelihood methods. The most frequent two locus haplotype was DRB1*07-DQB1*02 (6.6%) and these specificities were in linkage disequilibrium. Several unusual possible haplotypes were observed. Both the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 locus were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. C1 Corp Invest Biol, Medellin, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Correa, PA (reprint author), Corp Invest Biol, Medellin, Colombia. RI Anaya, Juan-Manuel/J-1960-2016; OI Anaya, Juan-Manuel/0000-0002-6444-1249; Universidad del Rosario, Biblioteca/0000-0003-3491-9392; Correa, Paula/0000-0002-0941-9700 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2002 VL 59 IS 5 BP 436 EP 439 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.590515.x PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 577XQ UT WOS:000177088700015 PM 12144632 ER PT J AU Millar, BC Finn, M Xiao, LH Lowery, CJ Dooley, JSG Moore, JE AF Millar, BC Finn, M Xiao, LH Lowery, CJ Dooley, JSG Moore, JE TI Cryptosporidium in foodstuffs - an emerging aetiological route of human foodborne illness SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MUSSELS MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LARGE COMMUNITY OUTBREAK; PARVUM OOCYSTS; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; GIARDIA CYSTS; FRESH VEGETABLES; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; WATER SAMPLES AB Human cryptosporidiosis has emerged as an important gastrointestinal infection in the 1990s, due to the ingestion of contaminated water and foodstuffs containing the protozoan parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum. This pathogen has particular clinical significance for immunocompromised persons, including AIDS patients and cancer patients receiving toxic chemotherapeutic drug regimens, Employment of contaminated water in the production of foodstuffs may represent an important potential source of entry into food processing, This reviews aims to examine W the incidence of Cryptosporidium parvum in foods and waters, (ii) the association between ingesting contaminated foodstuffs and subsequent development of infection, (iii) detection methods and (iv) processing controls that may be beneficial to the food industry to help reduce or eliminate this parasite from the human foodchain. In addition, the potential of Cryptosporidium as a bioterrorist agent in the foodchain is examined. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Studies, Fac Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moore, JE (reprint author), Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. EM jemoore@niphl.dnet.co.uk RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 118 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 168 EP 187 AR PII S0924-2244(02)00135-8 DI 10.1016/S0924-2244(02)00135-8 PG 22 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 628QL UT WOS:000180007700003 ER PT J AU Mott, JA Meyer, P Mannino, D Redd, SC Smith, EM Gotway-Crawford, C Chase, E AF Mott, JA Meyer, P Mannino, D Redd, SC Smith, EM Gotway-Crawford, C Chase, E TI Wildland forest fire smoke: health effects and intervention evaluation, Hoopa, California, 1999 SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; FIREFIGHTERS; MASKS AB Objectives To assess the health effects of exposure to smoke from the fifth largest US wildfire of 1999 and to evaluate whether participation in interventions to reduce smoke exposure prevented adverse lower respiratory tract health effects among residents of the Hoopa Valley National Indian Reservation in northwestern California. Design Observational study: epidemiologists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention retrospectively reviewed medical records at the local medical center and conducted survey interviews of reservation residents. Setting Humboldt County, California. Participants Interviews were completed with 289 of 385 residents, representing 26% of the households on the reservation. Of the 289 participants, 92 (31.8%) had preexisting cardiopulmonary Conditions. Results During the weeks of the forest fire, medical visits for respiratory illnesses increased by 217 visits (from 417 to 634 visits, or by 52%) over the previous year. Survey results indicated that although 181 (62.6%) of 289 participants reported worsening lower respiratory tract symptoms, those with preexisting cardiopulmonary conditions reported more symptoms before, during, and after the smoke episode. An increased duration of the use of high-efficiency particulate air cleaners and the recollection of public service announcements were associated with a reduced odds of reporting adverse health effects of the lower respiratory tract. No protective effects were observed for duration of mask use or evacuation. Conclusions Timely actions undertaken by the clinical staff of the local medical center appeared beneficial to the respiratory health of the community. Future programs that reduce economic barriers to evacuation during smoke episodes may also improve intervention participation rates and decrease smoke exposures. Although promising, the effectiveness of these and other interventions need to be confirmed in a prospective community intervention trial. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Indian Hlth Serv, Hoopa Valley Natl Indian Reservat Kima W Med Ctr, Hoopa, CA USA. CDC, Biometry Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mott, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 17 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 176 IS 3 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1136/ewjm.176.3.157 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 618XG UT WOS:000179442400005 PM 12016236 ER PT J AU Castrodale, L Beller, M Jenkerson, SA Chandler, B AF Castrodale, L Beller, M Jenkerson, SA Chandler, B TI Using e-mail to investigate outbreaks SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. Anchorage Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Community Hlth, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Castrodale, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 176 IS 3 BP 181 EP 183 DI 10.1136/ewjm.176.3.181 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 618XG UT WOS:000179442400011 PM 12016242 ER PT J AU Richardson, AR Yu, Z Popovic, T Stojiljkovic, I AF Richardson, AR Yu, Z Popovic, T Stojiljkovic, I TI Mutator clones of Neisseria meningitidis in epidemic serogroup A disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE meningitis; evolution; mismatch repair; transmission; virulence ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PHASE VARIATION; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MISMATCH REPAIR; STRAIN MC58; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; RATES AB Serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis has repeatedly caused widespread epidemics of meningitis and septicemia throughout the 20th century. Recently, in a limited collection of strains, epidemic serogroup A isolates were found to have elevated mutation rates that was caused by defects in mismatch repair pathways. To ascertain the role of these mutators in the epidemic spread of this serogroup, the prevalence of hypermutability in a collection of 95 serogroup A N. meningitidis invasive isolates was determined. Overall mutability in Neisseriae can be described by measuring both missense mutation rates as well as phase variation frequencies of "contingency loci." Fifty-seven percent of serogroup A isolates possessed elevated mutability, which could be divided into two classes: intermediate and high level. Eleven of 20 high-level mutators, with phase variation rates >100-fold higher than wildtype isolates, were defective in mismatch repair. Ten of the 34 intermediate mutators possessing >10-fold increases in phase variation rates could be partially complemented by a wild-type mutL allele. A high prevalence of mutators in epidemic isolates indicates that hypermutability may play a major role in the transmission of this pathogen. The added diversity derived from increased phase variation rates may allow fixation of mutator alleles more frequently during epidemic spread. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stojiljkovic, I (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [2T32 AI07470, AI42870-01A1, T32 AI007470] NR 23 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 9 BP 6103 EP 6107 DI 10.1073/pnas.092568699 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548FK UT WOS:000175377800065 PM 11983903 ER PT J AU Tamin, A Harcourt, BH Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Tamin, A Harcourt, BH Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Bellini, WJ Rota, PA TI Functional properties of the fusion and attachment glycoproteins of Nipah virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Henipavirus; Nipah virus; Hendra virus; membrane fusion ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE GLYCOPROTEINS; CLEAVAGE-ACTIVATION SITE; PETITS-RUMINANTS VIRUS; MEASLES-VIRUS; EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; SENDAI-VIRUS; HENDRA-VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Nipah virus (NV) and Hendra virus (HV) are recently emergent, related viruses that can cause severe disease in humans and animals. The goal of this study was to investigate the immunogenic and functional properties of the fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins of NV Vaccination of mice with recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) expressing either the F (rVV/NV-F) or G (rVV/NV-G) proteins of NV induced neutralizing antibody responses to NV, with higher titers produced after vaccination with rVV/NV-G. When the homologous pairs of F and G proteins from either HV or NV were coexpressed in a transient expression system, fusion was detected in less than 12 h. An equivalent amount of fusion was observed when the heterologous pairs of F and G proteins from HV and NV were coexpressed. Membrane fusion was inhibited by antiserum from mice vaccinated with rVV/NV-G and rVV/NV-F Therefore, as with other paramyxoviruses, the membrane glycoproteins of NV are the targets of neutralizing antibodies and membrane fusion mediated by NV requires the presence of both the F and the G proteins. Data from these biological assays support the taxonomic grouping of both HV and NV in the new genus, Henipavirus, within the family Paramyxoviridae. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect MSC22, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect MSC22, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM axt4@cdc.gov NR 72 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 25 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 1 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1418 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 563FC UT WOS:000176244700019 PM 12036330 ER PT J AU Postema, A Brammer, L Hail, H Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N Harper, S AF Postema, A Brammer, L Hail, H Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N Harper, S TI Update: Influenza activity - United States, 2001-02 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 276-279, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Postema, A (reprint author), CDC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 24 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 16 BP 2068 EP 2069 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 542ZK UT WOS:000175075700008 ER EF