FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jackson, LA Yu, OC Heckbert, SR Psaty, BM Malais, D Barlow, WE Thompson, WW AF Jackson, LA Yu, OC Heckbert, SR Psaty, BM Malais, D Barlow, WE Thompson, WW CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Study Grp TI Influenza vaccination is not associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrent coronary events SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza vaccine; myocardial infarction ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ELDERLY PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMONIA; MORTALITY; EFFICACY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DEATHS; STROKE; IMPACT AB Acute respiratory infections, including influenza, have been suggested as possible precipitants of acute cardiac events. To evaluate whether influenza vaccination prevents recurrent coronary events, the authors conducted a population-based inception cohort study of 1,378 Group Health Cooperative enrollees who survived a first myocardial infarction in 1992 through 1996. Recurrent coronary events, influenza vaccinations, and other covariates were identified by chart review and from administrative data systems. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association of receipt of each year's influenza vaccine with subsequent risk of recurrent myocardial infarction and death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A total of 127 recurrent coronary events were identified during the median 2.3-year follow-up period. Influenza vaccination was not associated with risk of recurrent coronary events during the corresponding period of November through October (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79, 1.75) or during the corresponding periods of expected influenza activity (November through April) (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.78) or inactivity (May through October) (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.76, 2.36). These results suggest that the benefit of influenza vaccine for older adults does not extend to protection against recurrent coronary events. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Mino Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL40628, HL53375] NR 28 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 7 BP 634 EP 640 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf073 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 600FU UT WOS:000178380600006 PM 12244032 ER PT J AU Molbak, K Neimann, J AF Molbak, K Neimann, J TI Risk factors for sporadic infection with Salmonella Enteritidis, Denmark, 1997-1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; eggs; food poisoning; poultry; poultry products; risk factors; Salmonella Enteritidis ID NATIONAL CASE-CONTROL; PHAGE TYPE-4; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAKS; CHILDREN; FRANCE; HENS; EGGS AB In a prospective case-control study of sporadic Salmonella Enteritidis infection in Denmark (1997-1999), foreign travel was reported by 25% of 455 case patients and 8% of 507 controls (odds ratio (OR) = 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4, 5.5). Among nontravelers, 80% of 335 cases and 81% of 467 controls had consumed eggs or dishes containing raw or undercooked eggs during the week before disease onset or interview, while 35% of cases and 19% of controls had incurred this exposure the day before onset or interview (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.1). Specific exposures included consumption of buttermilk dessert (OR = 11.7), homemade ice cream (OR = 4.3), raw eggs (OR = 3.4), and eggs fried "sunny side up" (OR = 2.5). Among persons who had used eggs in the week before disease onset or interview, eggs from battery laying hens were associated with disease (white eggs: OR = 2.4, brown eggs: OR = 1.9), whereas consumption of pasteurized eggs tended to be protective (OR = 0.3). The study confirmed that eggs are the principal source of S. Enteritidis in Denmark. This conclusion was reached through the use of an exposure time window that corresponds to the most relevant incubation period rather than the maximum incubation period. The authors recommend this method in studies that have the objective of determining risk associated with common exposures. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Danish Zoonosis Ctr, Danish Vet Lab, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Molbak, K (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. OI Molbak, Kare/0000-0002-3100-4990 NR 28 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 7 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf096 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 600FU UT WOS:000178380600008 PM 12244034 ER PT J AU Mohar, A Ley, C Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Figueroa, LS Halperin, D Parsonnet, J AF Mohar, A Ley, C Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Figueroa, LS Halperin, D Parsonnet, J TI Eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in a Mexican population at high risk for gastric cancer and use of serology to assess cure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERM FOLLOW-UP; INFECTION; THERAPY; CHIAPAS; STRAINS; CAGA AB OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori causes gastric adenocarcinoma. We assessed the success of H. pylori eradication therapy in a medically underserved population in Chiapas, Mexico, that is at high risk for gastric cancer risk. METHODS: Healthy volunteers with both antibodies to CagA and gastrin levels greater than or equal to25 ng/ml were randomly assigned to receive either a combination of omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin or matched placebo for 1 wk. Endoscopy with seven biopsies was performed at baseline, at 6 wk, and 1 yr after treatment. Treatment success was defined as loss of H. pylori by histological analysis. Cure was assessed using change in serology based on the standardized absorbance of a H. pylori ELISA. RESULTS: H. pylori eradication rates were high (intent-to-treat analysis: 76.3% [95% CI = 68.7-84.0%] after 6 wk and 76.1% [95% Cl = 67.7-84.6%] after 1 yr; per protocol analysis: 77.8% [95% Cl = 70.1-85.4%] after 6 wk and 75.2% [95% Cl = 66.5-84.0%] after 1 yr). Nine subjects on active treatment and one subject on placebo who were without H. pylori at 6 wk were infected at I yr (recurrence rates 10.7% and 33.3%, respectively, p = 0.31). Median changes in standardized absorbance at 1 yr were 47% and 1% for successfully and unsuccessfully treated patients, respectively. A 10% decline in standardized absorbance after 1 yr had 84% sensitivity and 100% specificity for H. pylori eradication. CONCLUSIONS: Even with a short course of treatment against H. pylori, a high rate of eradication rate can be achieved in populations at high risk for stomach cancer. Serum antibodies are useful in assessing efficacy of therapy. C1 Inst Nacl Cancerol, Direcc Invest, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Mohar, A (reprint author), Inst Nacl Cancerol, Direcc Invest, Ave San Fernando 22, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA67488-04] NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 97 IS 10 BP 2530 EP 2535 AR PII S0002-9270(02)04393-9 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 602KQ UT WOS:000178504800009 PM 12385434 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Wong, LY Yang, QH May, K Friedman, JM AF Rasmussen, SA Wong, LY Yang, QH May, K Friedman, JM TI Mortality in trisomy 13 and trisomy 18: An update and evaluation of factors associated with longer survival. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 32 BP 170 EP 170 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025800033 ER PT J AU Dott, MM Wong, LY Rasmussen, SA AF Dott, MM Wong, LY Rasmussen, SA TI Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: associated defects and syndromes and their impact on mortality. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 170 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025800169 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Campbell, RM Rasmussen, SA Correa, A O'Leary, L Coleman, K May, K Fernhoff, PM AF Botto, LD Campbell, RM Rasmussen, SA Correa, A O'Leary, L Coleman, K May, K Fernhoff, PM TI The current contribution of chromosomal anomalies to the occurrence of congenital heart defects: findings from population-based study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 Emory Univ, Dept Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Sibley Heart Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 236 BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025800237 ER PT J AU Kalman, LV Lindegren, ML Kobrynski, LJ Moore, CA Rasmussen, SA Vogt, R Spira, T Grosse, S Gwinn, M Buckley, R Khoury, MJ AF Kalman, LV Lindegren, ML Kobrynski, LJ Moore, CA Rasmussen, SA Vogt, R Spira, T Grosse, S Gwinn, M Buckley, R Khoury, MJ TI Framework for assessing impact and identifying public health interventions for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 1200 BP 376 EP 376 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025801195 ER PT J AU Williams, LO Stankovic, AK Bernacki, S Beck, JC Snow, K Pratt, V Monaghan, K Matteson, K Schaefer, F Friez, M Shrimpton, A Farkas, D Stenzel, T AF Williams, LO Stankovic, AK Bernacki, S Beck, JC Snow, K Pratt, V Monaghan, K Matteson, K Schaefer, F Friez, M Shrimpton, A Farkas, D Stenzel, T TI Results of reference testing of EBV transformed cell lines for performance evaluation and quality assurance in molecular genetic testing. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SUNY, Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Coriell Inst Med Res, Camden, NJ USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 1259 BP 386 EP 386 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025801252 ER PT J AU Chang, J Heard, K Roberts, S Steinberg, K Gallagher, M AF Chang, J Heard, K Roberts, S Steinberg, K Gallagher, M TI DNA yields from buccal swabs: self-collection vs. nurse/nurse-supervised collection. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 1342 BP 400 EP 400 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025801335 ER PT J AU Heard, K Heath, E Carr, B Wohr, L O'Brien, D Steinberg, K Gallagher, M AF Heard, K Heath, E Carr, B Wohr, L O'Brien, D Steinberg, K Gallagher, M TI Automated nucleic acid, purification in DNA banking. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Gentra Syst, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 1344 BP 401 EP 401 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025801339 ER PT J AU Roberts, S Chang, J Heard, K Steinberg, K Gallagher, M AF Roberts, S Chang, J Heard, K Steinberg, K Gallagher, M TI PCR system to reduce allele drop out and preferential amplification in genotyping low concentration/low quality DNA samples. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Human Genet, NICHHD, NCI, NIMH, Affymetrix Inc, Gentra Syst, NIDCD C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 SU S MA 1349 BP 401 EP 401 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 594AC UT WOS:000178025801344 ER PT J AU Dillon, C Petersen, M Tanaka, S AF Dillon, C Petersen, M Tanaka, S TI Self-reported hand and wrist arthritis and occupation: Data from the US National Health Interview Survey-Occupational Health Supplement SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE arthritis; hand; industry; occupations; prevalence; wrist ID CARPAL-TUNNEL-SYNDROME; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; UNITED-STATES; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; RISK-FACTORS; WORK; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PREVALENCE; DISABILITY; VALIDITY AB Background There is apaucity of population-based studies examining occupational handwrist arthritis. We examined relationships between hand-wrist arthritis, occupation, and biomechanical exposures in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey-Occupational Health Supplement. Methods A randomized, multi-stage, and cross-sectional national prevalence survey was carried out. Results Self-reported, medically attended hand-wrist arthritis was common among employed persons (period prevalence 1.58%; lifetime prevalence 3.58%). Highest prevalences occurred among technicians, machine operators, assemblers, and farmers, and in the mining, agriculture, and construction industries. Work requiring repetitive hand bending and twisting was associated with hand-wrist arthritis (Odds Ratio 1.43; 95%CI.1.11-1.84; P = 0.005). Among workers with hand arthritis, 7.4% had made major changes in their work, 7.6% missed work, and 4.5% stopped working or changed jobs because of the problem. Conclusions Our study links hand-wrist arthritis to occupation and potentially modifiable workplace ergonomic factors. The spectrum of hand-wrist "cumulative trauma" disorders may considerably exceed that of soft-tissue injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis, and may include arthritis, a widely prevalent, disabling condition. C1 Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Div Environm & Occupat Med, Farmington, CT USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Dillon, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 1000, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. FU PHS HHS [9836820] NR 59 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 4 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1002/ajim.10117 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 598UG UT WOS:000178294400005 PM 12271479 ER PT J AU Gonik, B Fasano, N Foster, S AF Gonik, B Fasano, N Foster, S TI The obstetrician-gynecologist's role in adult immunization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY JAN 14-19, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med DE vaccine-preventable diseases; immunization; primary care; infectious disease ID PRIMARY-CARE; VACCINES; SERVICES AB Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) account for significant morbidities and mortalities in the United States on an annual basis. Despite generally successful childhood vaccine programs, adults remain underimmunized against a variety of common VPDs, Lack of both physician and patient awareness contribute to this deficiency. All primary care providers, including obstetrician-gynecologists, must address this need in their office practices. Clear and authoritative adult vaccine recommendations are established and easily accessible by the clinician. Pregnancy is not an absolute contraindication to vaccine administration. In fact, certain vaccines are specifically indicated during pregnancy in the interest of the mother and her unborn child. Women frequently identify gynecologists as their sole providers of care, further emphasizing the need for attention to this health maintenance activity, New vaccine initiatives, in particular those focused on early newborn infectious conditions, sexually transmitted diseases, and cancer prevention, will likely place the obstetrician-gynecologist at the forefront of this important clinical issue. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gonik, B (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 187 IS 4 BP 984 EP 988 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.128027 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 606AJ UT WOS:000178709300037 PM 12388992 ER PT J AU Anderson, A Baio, J Ebrahim, S Floyd, RL Gould, D Luman, E Sidhu, JS Bolton, BG Bowen, GS Dornheim, L Johnson, KE Kravitz, IT Sobell, LC Sobell, MB von Sternberg, K Carbonari, JP Carvajal, R Cummins, AG Mullen, PD Velasquez, MM Borges, N Borzelleca, J Bryan, D Ingersoll, KS Nettleman, MD AF Anderson, A Baio, J Ebrahim, S Floyd, RL Gould, D Luman, E Sidhu, JS Bolton, BG Bowen, GS Dornheim, L Johnson, KE Kravitz, IT Sobell, LC Sobell, MB von Sternberg, K Carbonari, JP Carvajal, R Cummins, AG Mullen, PD Velasquez, MM Borges, N Borzelleca, J Bryan, D Ingersoll, KS Nettleman, MD CA Project CHOICES Res Grp TI Alcohol-exposed pregnancy - Characteristics associated with risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; alcohol-related disorders; fetal alcohol syndrome; mental health; pregnancy; women's health ID FAS PRIMARY PREVENTION; UNITED-STATES; SUBSTANCE USE; LIFE-STYLE; SEXUAL BEHAVIORS; PROBLEM DRINKING; BIRTH MOTHERS; WOMEN; CONSUMPTION; CHILDREN AB Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental deficits in children. Women who are fertile, drink alcohol, and have unprotected intercourse are at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, but little is known about this population. Methods: A survey was administered to 2672 English-speaking women aged 18 to 44 years from six settings, including an urban jail, a drug/alcohol treatment facility, a gynecology clinic, two primary care clinics, and respondents to a media solicitation. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore variables that were correlated with membership in the at-risk group. Results: Most respondents (70%) reported a household income of <$20,000; 68% had a high school or equivalent education; and 62% were African American. A total of 333 women (12.5%) met the a priori definition of "at risk" for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Stepwise logistic regression showed that recent drug use (odds ratio [OR]=3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.1-4.4); having smoked more than 100 cigarettes (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.3-2.7); a history of inpatient treatment for drugs or alcohol (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.3-2.4) or inpatient mental health treatment (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.3); having multiple sex partners (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.2-2.2); and recent physical abuse (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.12.0) were significantly correlated with being at risk. Conclusions: It was possible to identify diverse settings with an increased prevalence of women at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Within these settings, women at risk were characterized by an increased frequency of selected behaviors. This information may help clinicians develop and target interventions prior to conception. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDD FAS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. RP Floyd, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDD FAS, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-49, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 43 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 166 EP 173 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00495-6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 599EC UT WOS:000178320300004 ER PT J AU Pikora, TJ Bull, FCL Jamrozik, K Knuiman, M Giles-Corti, B Donovan, RJ AF Pikora, TJ Bull, FCL Jamrozik, K Knuiman, M Giles-Corti, B Donovan, RJ TI Developing a reliable audit instrument to measure the physical environment for physical activity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adult; environment design; exercise; observation; reproducibility of results; walking ID PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENT; EXERCISE; DETERMINANTS; OLDER AB Background: The physical environment plays an important role in influencing participation in physical activity, although which factors of the physical environment have the greatest effect on patterns of activity remain to be determined. We describe the development of a comprehensive instrument to measure the physical environmental factors that may influence walking and cycling in local neighborhoods and report on its reliability. Methods: Following consultation with experts from a variety of fields and a literature search, we developed a Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) instrument and used it to collect data over a total of 1987 kilometers of roads in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. The audit instrument is available from the first author on request. Additional environmental information was collected using desktop methods and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. We assessed inter- and intra-rater reliability of the instrument among the 16 observers who collected the data. Results: The observers reported that the audit instrument was easy to use. Both inter- and intra-rater reliability of the environmental scan instrument were generally high. Conclusions: Our instrument provides a reliable, practical, and easy to-use method for collecting detailed "street-level" data on physical environmental factors that are potential influences on walking in local neighborhoods. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat Hlth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Primary Hlth Care & Gen Practice, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pikora, TJ (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Dept Publ Hlth, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RI Bull, Fiona/G-4148-2012; Knuiman, Matthew/I-5549-2013 NR 33 TC 195 Z9 199 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 187 EP 194 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00498-1 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00498-1 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 599EC UT WOS:000178320300007 PM 12350451 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Raymond, D Morita, J McCauley, M Diaz, P David, F Rodewald, L AF Rosenthal, J Raymond, D Morita, J McCauley, M Diaz, P David, F Rodewald, L TI African-American children are at risk of a measles outbreak in an inner-city community of Chicago, 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Blacks; Chicago; child; preschool; disease transmission; immunization; infant; measles; vaccination ID IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HERD-IMMUNITY; DISEASES; VACCINE; RATES; CARE AB Background: Since the measles resurgence of 1989-1991, which affected predominantly inner-city preschoolers, national vaccination rates have risen to record-high levels, but rates among inner-city, preschool-aged, African-American children lag behind national rates. The threat of measles importations from abroad exists and may be particularly important in large U.S. cities. To stop epidemic transmission, measles vaccination coverage should be at least 80%. Objective: To determine measles vaccination rates and predictors for having received a dose of measles-containing vaccine by age 19 to 35 months among children in an inner-city community of Chicago. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey with probability proportional to size cluster sampling. Immunization histories from parent-held records and providers were combined to establish a complete vaccination history. Results: A total of 2545 households were contacted, and 170 included a resident child aged 12 to 35 months. Of these, 97% (N = 165 children) agreed to participate. Immunization history from a parent or provider was not available for 20 children. Among children aged 19 to 35 months with available immunization histories, 74% received measles vaccine (n=100); of these, 84% received the vaccine as recommended at ages 12 to 15 months. However, when including children without immunization histories, measles coverage levels among children aged 19 to 35 months were 64% (n=114). Among children with records, predictors for receipt of measles vaccine by age 19 to 35 months were possessing a hand-held immunization card (odds ratio [OR] = 16.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] =4.2-67.1); utilizing a public health department provider for a usual source of care (OR=8.9; 95% CI=1.6-47.2); and being up-to-date for vaccines at 3 months of age (OR=5.0; 95% CI=1.8-14.1). Conclusions: Optimistically assuming that children without immunization histories are as well immunized as children with immunization histories, the measles vaccination rate among Englewood's children aged 19 to 35 months is too low to maintain immunity (74%). Measles coverage levels lagged behind coverage reported in a national survey in Chicago (86%) and the nation as a whole (92%). Efforts to raise and sustain coverage should be undertaken. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 12 Corp Sq Blvd,Room 4203,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 195 EP 199 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00496-8 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00496-8 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 599EC UT WOS:000178320300008 PM 12350452 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Anderson, LA Smith, SM AF Rao, JK Anderson, LA Smith, SM TI End of life is a public health issue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE attitude to death; cultural diversity; death; public health; quality of life; terminal care ID ARTHRITIS SELF-MANAGEMENT; SERIOUSLY ILL PATIENTS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ADVANCE DIRECTIVES; CHRONIC ILLNESS; DETERMINATION ACT; PALLIATIVE CARE; FAMILY MEMBERS; HOSPICE; PHYSICIANS AB Public health activities to prevent and control disease have produced an extraordinary decline in mortality rates during the last century. This phenomenon has widespread implications, not the least of which is that death often occurs at a later age and frequently after a protracted illness. With a prolonged death due to technological advances now common in developed countries, quality of life at the end of life has become a societal concern. It is logical that public health should embrace the end of life as an area worthy of study and intervention. After all, the end of life has three characteristics of other public health priorities: high burden, major impact, and a potential for preventing the suffering associated with illness. In this paper, we propose three initial roles for the public health profession and a process for developing a public health agenda for the end of life. C1 CDCP, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Prevent Res Ctr, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rao, JK (reprint author), CDCP, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 85 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 215 EP 220 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00500-7 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00500-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 599EC UT WOS:000178320300011 PM 12350455 ER PT J AU Broome, CV Pinner, RW Sosin, DM Treadwell, TA AF Broome, CV Pinner, RW Sosin, DM Treadwell, TA TI On the threshold SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Integrated Hlth Informat Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Broome, CV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Integrated Hlth Informat Syst, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop D-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 229 EP 230 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00509-3 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00509-3 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 599EC UT WOS:000178320300014 PM 12350458 ER PT J AU Rafferty, AP McGee, HB Miller, CE Reyes, M AF Rafferty, AP McGee, HB Miller, CE Reyes, M TI Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use: State-specific estimates from the 2001 behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; PROVIDERS; THERAPIES C1 Bur Epidemiol, Div Epidemiol Serv, Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rafferty, AP (reprint author), Bur Epidemiol, Div Epidemiol Serv, Michigan Dept Community Hlth, 3423 N ML King Jr Blvd,POB 30195, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U58/CCU 501994-13] NR 10 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1598 EP 1600 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.10.1598 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 599YU UT WOS:000178363500016 PM 12356602 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Holman, RC Krebs, JW Childs, JE AF Paddock, CD Holman, RC Krebs, JW Childs, JE TI Assessing the magnitude of fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States: Comparison of two national data sources SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHODS; RISK-FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; DISEASE; HOSPITALIZATIONS AB To assess the magnitude of fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and to evaluate the completeness of national surveillance for this occurrence from 1983 through 1998, two independent sources of RMSF mortality data were analyzed using a capture-recapture method. Two hundred twenty-four deaths reported through RMSF case report forms (CRFs) were compared with 304 RMSF-associated deaths recorded in the United States multiple cause-of-death (MCD) database. Demographic, geographic, seasonal, and temporal characteristics of decedents were remarkably similar between sources. Median annual deaths ascertained from CRF and MCD data sources were 11 (range = 5-35) and 18 (range = 5-39), respectively. Decedents were matched between sources by year, state, age, sex, race, and month-of-death; 111 deaths were matched to both sources, and percent concordance between CRFs and MCD data during the 16-year study period was 27% (range 7-45%). An estimated 612 RMSF-associated deaths occurred during the study period (median = 37 per year, range 16-64), suggesting that approximately 400 fatal cases of RMSF went unreported to national surveillance during the period 1983-1998, for an estimated completeness of CRF reporting of 36%. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 37 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 613EP UT WOS:000179119400005 PM 12452488 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG Ayala-Lopez, A Garcia-Rivera, EJ Hudson, SM Vorndam, V Reiter, P Cano, MP Clark, GG AF Rigau-Perez, JG Ayala-Lopez, A Garcia-Rivera, EJ Hudson, SM Vorndam, V Reiter, P Cano, MP Clark, GG TI The reappearance of dengue-3 and a subsequent dengue-4 and dengue-1 epidemic in Puerto Rico in 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SHOCK SYNDROME; AEDES-AEGYPTI; VIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; LESSONS; MODEL AB In January 1998, dengue-3 (DEN)-3 (group III genotype) was detected in Puerto Rico after an absence of 20 years. Public health officials intensified education efforts to promote community participation in dengue control. Virologic surveillance revealed an unexpected paradox: DEN-4 and DEN-1 produced a large epidemic overlaying the DEN-3 epidemic. In 1998 there were 17,000 reported cases of dengue (4.8/1,000 persons), and among all virus isolations (n = 960), DEN-4 (419, 43.6%), DEN-1 (337, 35.1%), and DEN-2 (143, 14.9%) were detected much more frequently than DEN-3 (61, 6%). Age group-specific attack rates were highest for persons 10-19 years old, followed by infants less than a year of age. Nineteen fatal cases (median = 37 years old, range = 8 months to 90 years) had a positive laboratory diagnosis of dengue. Among DEN-3 cases no fatalities were documented, 50 were hospitalized, and 10 of 48 (21%) fulfilled the criteria for dengue hemorrhagic fever (four had primary infections and six had secondary infections). During 1999, DEN-3 became the predominant serotype isolated (182 of 310 isolations, 59%). The reappearance of DEN-3 and its subsequent circulation from 1999 to 2001 produced no changes in dengue incidence that could have been detected in the absence of virologic surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Hlth Res Asssoc, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Environm Hlth Off, HAFI, Community Hyg Div, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 50 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 613EP UT WOS:000179119400006 PM 12452489 ER PT J AU Winch, PJ Leontsini, E Rigau-Perez, JG Ruiz-Perez, M Clark, GG Gubler, DJ AF Winch, PJ Leontsini, E Rigau-Perez, JG Ruiz-Perez, M Clark, GG Gubler, DJ TI Community-based dengue prevention programs in Puerto Rico: Impact on knowledge, behavior, and residential mosquito infestation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Dengue is a major health burden in Puerto Rico. Televised public service announcements and posters, elementary and pre-school educational programs, and an exhibit,at the Children's Museum in Old San Juan were evaluated separately using knowledge and practices surveys administered to children and their parents, surveys of house lots for larval container habitats, focus groups, and interviews with program organizers and participants. Exposure to the programs was associated with increased dengue-related knowledge, increased proportion of tires protected from rain, decreased proportion of water storage containers positive for mosquito larvae, and increased indoor use of aerosol insecticides. Exposure to the elementary school program was associated with slightly lower indices of residential mosquito infestation. The programs have resulted in high levels of awareness, some behavior change, and limited change in larval indices. Greater emphasis on the skills necessary for community members to keep containers free of mosquito larvae would increase program effectiveness. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-93-065] NR 29 TC 56 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 363 EP 370 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 613EP UT WOS:000179119400007 PM 12452490 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM AF Collins, WE Jeffery, GM TI Extended clearance time after treatment of infections with Plasmodium malariae may not be indicative of resistance to chloroquine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UGANDA I/CDC STRAIN; AOTUS MONKEYS AB A retrospective examination was made of archival data on the response of Plasmodium malariae infections in humans to chloroquine. The clearance time for P. malariae was longer than that for P. falciparum and P. vivax. Of 100 P. malariae-infected patients treated with 1,500 mg of chloroquine given over 3 days, 15 had detectable parasites for 7 days, 4 for 10 days, and 1 for 15 days after treatment. Of 17 patients treated intramuscularly with 450 mg of dihydrochloroquine, parasites persisted in 1 patient for 11 days. Of patients with chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum, 44 cleared parasites by 6 days after treatment; 37 patients with P. vivax infections cleared parasites by day 5. The confirmation of chloroquine resistance may depend on the adaptation of isolates to nonhuman primates in which controlled drug trials can be made. C1 CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, US PHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, US PHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 406 EP 410 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 613EP UT WOS:000179119400015 PM 12452495 ER PT J AU McKenzie, FE Jeffery, GM Collins, WE AF McKenzie, FE Jeffery, GM Collins, WE TI Plasmodium malariae infection boosts Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte production SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; AREA; MOSQUITOS; HUMANS AB We analyzed records of malariotherapy patients sequentially or simultaneously inoculated with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae. Gametocyte production was enhanced in P. falciparum by prior or concurrent P. malariae infection but diminished or unaffected in P. malariae by P. falciparum. Conversely, asexual-form c production was diminished in P. malariae but unaffected in P. falciparum. C1 NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McKenzie, FE (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 TW999999] NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 613EP UT WOS:000179119400016 PM 12452496 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DR Ruiz-Tiben, E Diallo, N Withers, PC Maguire, JH AF Hopkins, DR Ruiz-Tiben, E Diallo, N Withers, PC Maguire, JH TI Dracunculiasis eradication: And now, Sudan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes the status of the global dracunculiasis eradication campaign as of early 2002. Of the 20 countries that were endemic when the campaign began, seven have already interrupted transmission, four countries reported less than 100 cases each, and only five countries reported more than 1,000 cases each in 2001. Only 14,000 cases remained outside Sudan in 2001. Sudan reported 78% of all cases of dracunculiasis in 2001, and virtually all of Sudan's cases were in the southern states, where the long-standing civil war limits accessibility to endemic areas. A political settlement of the war is now urgently needed, since it will be impossible to complete the eradication of dracunculiasis without peace in Sudan. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Carter Ctr, Global Program 2000, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. RP Hopkins, DR (reprint author), Carter Ctr, Guinea Worm Eradicat Program, Global 2000,1 Copenhill Ave,453 Freedom Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 613EP UT WOS:000179119400017 PM 12452497 ER PT J AU Luby, S Agboatwalla, M Schnell, BM Hoekstra, RM Rahbar, MH Keswick, BH AF Luby, S Agboatwalla, M Schnell, BM Hoekstra, RM Rahbar, MH Keswick, BH TI The effect of antibacterial soap on impetigo incidence, Karachi, Pakistan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB We conducted a study to determine if soap containing 1.2% triclocarban would be effective in reducing the incidence of impetigo. We randomized 162 households in a low-income neighborhood of Karachi, Pakistan, to receive a regular supply of 1.2% triclocarban-containing soap (n = 81) or an identically appearing placebo (n = 81); 79 households in a nearby neighborhood were enrolled as standard practice controls. After adjustment for household clustering and covariates, the incidence of impetigo among children living in households receiving triclocarban-containing soap (1.10 episodes per 100 person-weeks) was 23% lower than in households receiving placebo soap (P = 0.28) and 43% lower than the standard habit and practice controls (P = 0.02). The routine use of triclocarban-containing soap by children living in a community with a high incidence of impetigo was associated with a reduced incidence of impetigo. C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Oriented Prevent Educ, Karachi, Pakistan. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Luby, S (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 430 EP 435 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 613EP UT WOS:000179119400019 PM 12452499 ER PT J AU Wu, WJ Ashley, DL Watson, CH AF Wu, WJ Ashley, DL Watson, CH TI Determination of nicotine and other minor alkaloids in international cigarettes by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COTININE; TOBACCO; PLASMA; URINE AB Nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine are the most abundant alkaloids in tobacco. Along with the addictiveness of nicotine, other properties, including their occurrence in tobacco at relatively high concentrations, and as the primary precursors for the highly carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosoamines, make these chemicals important from a public health standpoint. Therefore, developing a fast and accurate quantitative method to screen large numbers of cigarette samples for these alkaloids was important. This report describes the first use of headspace analysis using solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the unambiguous detection of tobacco alkaloids. Detection and confirmation of each analyte is established by both chromatographic retention times and the ratio of reconstructed ion chromatogram. peak areas from characteristic quantitation ion and confirmation ion. Twenty-eight cigarette brands from 14 countries were analyzed. Surprisingly, the minor alkaloids' response factors varied considerably among different styles of cigarettes. Accurate quantification was achieved using a three-point standard addition protocol. The standard addition approach was essential to obtain accurate measurements by minimizing matrix effects that would otherwise have contributed to quantitation bias. Significant differences in the alkaloid profiles were measured in the different cigarette brands. These results strongly suggest that such differences reflect variations associated with blend compositions, tobacco quality, and manufacturing practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 19 BP 4878 EP 4884 DI 10.1021/ac020291p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 600XY UT WOS:000178418100013 PM 12380807 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ Bulkow, L AF McMahon, BJ Bulkow, L TI Sequelae and serologic outcome in persons with hepatitis B virus infection - Response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID GENOTYPES; MUTATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 7 BP 619 EP 619 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 599VD UT WOS:000178355100012 ER PT J AU Hanes, DE Orlandi, PA Burr, DH Miliotis, MD Robl, MG Bier, JW Jackson, GJ Arrowood, MJ Churey, JJ Worobo, RW AF Hanes, DE Orlandi, PA Burr, DH Miliotis, MD Robl, MG Bier, JW Jackson, GJ Arrowood, MJ Churey, JJ Worobo, RW TI Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in fresh apple cider by UV irradiation (vol 68, pg 4168, 2002) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hanes, DE (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD USA. RI Worobo, Randy/D-8779-2014 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 68 IS 10 BP 5208 EP 5208 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.10.5208.2002 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 600FX UT WOS:000178380900073 ER PT J AU Gaudino, JA deHart, MP Cheadle, A Martin, DP Moore, DL Schwartz, SJ Schulman, B AF Gaudino, JA deHart, MP Cheadle, A Martin, DP Moore, DL Schwartz, SJ Schulman, B TI Childhood immunization registries - Gaps between knowledge and action among family practice physicians and pediatricians in Washington State, 1998 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 127th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 07-10, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; TRACKING SYSTEM; OPPORTUNITIES; VACCINATION; PROVIDERS; POLICY; RATES AB Objectives: To assess the availability and use of Washington State's CHILD (Children's Health, Immunization, Linkages, and Development) Profile and other computerized immunization tracking systems, to determine physicians' attitudes about these systems, and to identify factors associated with using them. Design: Randomized, population-based, cross-sectional survey. Participants: Washington family physician and pediatrician specialty organization members providing childhood immunizations in 1998 (N = 2472). Main Outcome Measure: Reported CHILD Profile and other computerized systems use. Results: The adjusted response rate was 75% (n = 1331). Overall, 37.7% of respondents had heard of CHILD Profile, 6.3% used it, and 24.9% used other systems. Groups significantly more likely not to use computerized systems than referent pediatricians in areas fully implementing CHILD Profile were family physicians (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-4.0), private physicians (aOR, 8.0; 95% CI, 3.2-20.1), physicians taking fewest opportunities to immunize (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.7), and physicians practicing in local health jurisdiction areas with CHILD Profile marketing activity (aOR, 2.1; 95% CI. 1.2-3.9) or in those areas with little or no registry activity (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.4). Those with systems agreed that they save time (71.0%), make status checks easier (87.1%), and increase immunization coverage (88.6%). Those without systems agreed that they help practices (90.3%) and increase efficiency (76.5%), but fewer agreed that they reduce costs (30.2%). Conclusions: Although most physicians agreed that computerized systems are useful, few had them or used them. Provider-based systems can improve immunization coverage, but the feasibility and effectiveness of communitywide and statewide systems remain unexplored. Because these systems depend on participation, more understanding is needed to help organizations implement them. Interventions to increase availability and use should address provider and health organization needs. C1 Dept Hlth State Washington, Maternal & Child Hlth Programs, Olympia, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington State Univ, Social & Econ Sci Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gaudino, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 156 IS 10 BP 978 EP 985 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 602EY UT WOS:000178493900006 PM 12361442 ER PT J AU Dowdle, WR AF Dowdle, WR TI Poliovirus national inventory of biomedical laboratories begins - An important part of the eradication process is now getting under way SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD OCT PY 2002 VL 68 IS 10 BP 478 EP 479 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 602NM UT WOS:000178511400002 ER PT J AU Antman, K Abraido-Lanza, AF Blum, D Brownfield, E Cicatelli, B Debor, MD Emmons, K Fitzgibbon, M Gapstur, SM Gradishar, W Hiatt, RA Hubbell, FA Joe, AK Klassen, AC Lee, NC Linden, HM McMullin, J Mishra, SI Neuhaus, C Olopade, FI Walas, K AF Antman, K Abraido-Lanza, AF Blum, D Brownfield, E Cicatelli, B Debor, MD Emmons, K Fitzgibbon, M Gapstur, SM Gradishar, W Hiatt, RA Hubbell, FA Joe, AK Klassen, AC Lee, NC Linden, HM McMullin, J Mishra, SI Neuhaus, C Olopade, FI Walas, K TI Reducing disparities in breast cancer survival: A Columbia University and Avon Breast Cancer Research and Care Network Symposium SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; disparities; minorities; mortality; survival; underserved ID ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; BLACK-WOMEN; RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; RISK PERCEPTION; WHITE WOMEN; HEALTH-CARE; FREQUENCY; EDUCATION AB On November 8th, 2001, faculty from Universities, government and non-profit community organizations met to determine how, separately and together, they could address disparities in survival of women with breast cancer in the diverse patient populations served by their institutions. Studies and initiatives directed at increasing access had to date met modest success. The day was divided into three sections, defining the issues, model programs, government initiatives and finally potential collaborations. By publishing these proceedings, interested readers will be aware of the ongoing programs and studies and can contact the investigators for more information. The Avon Foundation funded this symposium to bring together interested investigators to share programmatic experiences, data and innovative approaches to the problem. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Canc Care Inc, New York, NY USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Avon Prod Fdn Inc, Avon Breast Crusade, New York, NY USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. DFCI, Boston, MA USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Hlth Policy & Res, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Ctr Clin Canc Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Antman, K (reprint author), MHB 6N 435,177 Ft Washington Ave, New York, NY 10032 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA13696, R03CA81619] NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1023/A:1019947110236 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 588AF UT WOS:000177676700009 PM 12353816 ER PT J AU Karasik, D Rosen, CJ Hannan, MT Broe, KE Dawson-Hughes, B Gagnon, DR Wilson, PWF Visser, M Langlois, JA Mohan, S Kiel, DP AF Karasik, D Rosen, CJ Hannan, MT Broe, KE Dawson-Hughes, B Gagnon, DR Wilson, PWF Visser, M Langlois, JA Mohan, S Kiel, DP TI Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 4 and 5 and bone mineral density in elderly men and women SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE serum; insulin-like growth factor-1; IGF-I binding protein-4; IGF-I binding protein-5; bone mineral density; aged ID FACTOR-I; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SERUM LEVELS; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; HORMONE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ASSOCIATION; VALIDATION; VITRO AB Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) plays a central role in the maintenance of bone mass. To test whether two major IGF-I binding proteins, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5, are related to bone mineral density (BMD), we studied a sample of the Framingham Offspring Cohort participants (99 men and 101 women, ages 60-87). Serum levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-5 were measured by previously validated radioimmunoassays (CVs similar to10%). BMDs of the proximal femur and lumbar spine were measured using a Lunar DPX-L densitometer. In males, but not females, IGF-I and IGFBP-5 were inversely associated with age (r = 0.34 and r = -0.28, respectively; P < 0.01), while IGFBP-4 levels were positively associated with age (P < 0.01). Multivariate means for BMD (adjusted for age, body mass index, height, smoking, and in women, estrogen use) were computed across quartiles of IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-4/IGFBP-5 ratio. In women, but not men, IGFBP-5 was positively associated with femoral neck BMD (P = 0.03), however, after statistical adjustment for IGF-I, this association was no longer significant. No other associations were observed for BMD at any other site. Further study is necessary for elucidation of the gender differences in the possible influence of IGF system components on bone mass. C1 Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Res & Training Inst, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. St Joseph Hosp, Maine Ctr Osteoporosis Res & Educ, Bangor, ME USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, EMGO Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Jerry L Pettis Vet Adm Med Ctr, Musculoskeletal Dis Ctr, Loma Linda, CA USA. RP Kiel, DP (reprint author), Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Res & Training Inst, Boston, MA 02131 USA. OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR/AG41398]; NIMHD NIH HHS [263-MD-724145] NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 71 IS 4 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s00223-001-1002-0 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 612EN UT WOS:000179061700005 PM 12202958 ER PT J AU Brunetti, E Filice, C Schantz, P AF Brunetti, E Filice, C Schantz, P TI Safety of percutaneous drainage for liver hydatid cysts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Pavia, Div Infect & Trop Dis, IRCSS S Matteo, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brunetti, E (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Div Infect & Trop Dis, IRCSS S Matteo, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. OI FILICE, CARLO/0000-0002-0873-3415 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PI OTTAWA PA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 0008-428X J9 CAN J SURG JI Can. J. Surg. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 388 EP 388 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 602GC UT WOS:000178496700018 PM 12387550 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Deddens, JA AF Steenland, K Deddens, JA TI Response to the letter from Dr. Ulm SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Letter ID RISK ASSESSMENT; LUNG-CANCER; SILICA; EXPOSURE; WORKERS C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD OCT PY 2002 VL 13 IS 8 BP 781 EP 782 PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 594RC UT WOS:000178063700012 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Ward, E Toraason, M Blair, A Brandt-Rauf, P Melnick, R Rothman, N Tennant, R Weston, A Mirer, F Bonassi, S AF Schulte, PA Ward, E Toraason, M Blair, A Brandt-Rauf, P Melnick, R Rothman, N Tennant, R Weston, A Mirer, F Bonassi, S TI Criteria for utilizing high output technologies for occupational cancer research and prevention. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 14-18, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, Rockville, MD USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. United Auto Workers Union, Detroit, MI USA. Natl Inst Canc Res, Genoa, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 11 IS 10 MA B136 BP 1176S EP 1176S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 604RE UT WOS:000178634200138 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Whipkey, DL Tennant, LB Weston, A AF Gwinn, MR Whipkey, DL Tennant, LB Weston, A TI Exposure response to oxythioquinox in NHMEC: Impact of p53 polymorphisms. SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 14-18, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 11 IS 10 MA B203 BP 1178S EP 1178S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 604RE UT WOS:000178634200145 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Waymack, PP Anderson, FP AF Miller, WG Waymack, PP Anderson, FP TI Lack of agreement of homogeneous assays with the reference method for LDL-cholesteral may not indicate unreliable prediction of risk for cardiovascular disease - Response SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Special Activ Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1814 EP 1815 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 597UA UT WOS:000178238100031 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Griffin, PM Angulo, FJ AF Crump, JA Griffin, PM Angulo, FJ TI Bacterial contamination of animal feed and its relationship to human foodborne illness SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; SEROTYPES; DISEASE AB Animal feed is at the beginning of the food safety chain in the "farm-to-fork" model. The emergence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has raised awareness of the importance of contaminated animal feed, but less attention has been paid to the role of bacterial contamination of animal feed in human foodborne illness. In the United States, animal feed is frequently contaminated with non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica and may lead to infection or colonization of food animals. These bacteria can contaminate animal carcasses at slaughter or cross-contaminate other food items, leading to human illness. Although tracing contamination to its ultimate source is difficult, several large outbreaks have been traced back to contaminated animal feed. Improvements in the safety of animal feed should include strengthening the surveillance of animal feed for bacterial contamination and integration of such surveillance with human foodborne disease surveillance systems. A Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point program should be instituted for the animal feed industry, and a Salmonella-negative policy for feed should be enforced. C1 CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 7 BP 859 EP 865 DI 10.1086/342885 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 594DF UT WOS:000178032900011 PM 12228823 ER PT J AU Facklam, R AF Facklam, R TI What happened to the streptococci: Overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID VIRIDANS GROUP STREPTOCOCCI; HUMAN CLINICAL SPECIMENS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI; M-LIKE PROTEINS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; GROUP-C STREPTOCOCCI; HUMAN ORAL CAVITY; SP-NOV AB Since the division of the Streptococcus genus into enterococci, lactococci, and streptococci in 1984, many changes in the nomenclature and taxonomy of the Streptococcus genus have taken place. The application of genetic comparisons has improved the proper classification of the different species. The Lancefield system of serogrouping the streptococci by the expression of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates is still very useful for the identification of streptococci for patient management. The Lancefield grouping system cannot be used in itself for accurate identification of specific beta-hemolytic species, but it can be a useful part of the identification procedure. Except for identification of the "Streptococcus bovis group" of species and Streptococcus suis, Lancefield grouping is of little value in identification of the non-beta-hemolytic streptococci and related genera. In fact, identification of the non-beta-hemolytic species is problematic for conventional as well as commercially available identification procedures. A combination of conventional tests and specific chromogenic tests suggested by several investigators is presented and discussed. Tables are included that suggest tests and procedures to guide investigators attempting to identify all the species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Facklam, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Mail Stop CO-2, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 151 TC 466 Z9 496 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 613 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.4.613-630.2002 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 647MT UT WOS:000181097200005 PM 12364372 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Evans, CAW Nash, TE Takayanagui, OM White, AC Botero, D Rajshekhar, V Tsang, VCW Schantz, PM Allan, JC Flisser, A Correa, D Sarti, E Friedland, JS Martinez, SM Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Del Brutto, OH AF Garcia, HH Evans, CAW Nash, TE Takayanagui, OM White, AC Botero, D Rajshekhar, V Tsang, VCW Schantz, PM Allan, JC Flisser, A Correa, D Sarti, E Friedland, JS Martinez, SM Gonzalez, AE Gilman, RH Del Brutto, OH TI Current consensus guidelines for treatment of neurocysticercosis SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TAENIA-SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS; SINGLE-DAY PRAZIQUANTEL; GIANT SUBARACHNOID CYSTICERCI; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; SMALL CT LESIONS; CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; ALBENDAZOLE THERAPY; MEDICAL-TREATMENT; INDIAN PATIENTS; TOMOGRAPHIC LESIONS AB Taenia solium neurocysticercosis is a common cause of epileptic seizures and other neurological morbidity in most developing countries. It is also an increasingly common diagnosis in industrialized countries because of immigration from areas where it is endemic. Its clinical manifestations are highly variable and depend on the number, stage, and size of the lesions and the host's immune response. In pan due to this variability, major discrepancies exist in the treatment of neurocysticercosis. A panel of experts in taeniasis/cysticercosis discussed the evidence on treatment of neurocysticercosis for each clinical presentation, and we present the panel's consensus and areas of disagreement. Overall, four general recommendations were made: (i) individualize therapeutic decisions, including whether to use antiparasitic drugs, based on the number, location, and viability of the parasites within the nervous system; (ii) actively manage growing cysticerci either with antiparasitic drugs or surgical excision; (iii) prioritize the management of intracranial hypertension secondary to neurocysticercosis before considering any other form of therapy; and (iv) manage seizures as done for seizures due to other causes of secondary seizures (remote symptomatic seizures) because they are due to an organic focus that has been present for a long time. C1 Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima 1, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin, Cambridge, England. Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Salford, Dept Sci Biol, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Pfizer Inc, Sandwich, Kent, England. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Neurol, Sch Med Ribeirao Preto, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Baylor Coll Med, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Inst Colombiano Med Trop, Medellin, Colombia. Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Neurol Sci, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Sch Med, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Pediat, Secretaria Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol, Secretaria Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Hosp Clin Kennedy, Dept Neurol Sci, Guayaquil, Ecuador. RP Garcia, HH (reprint author), Inst Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Jr Ancash 1271, Lima 1, Peru. RI Takayanagui, Osvaldo/C-8159-2013; OI Takayanagui, Osvaldo/0000-0002-8190-0275; Evans, Carlton/0000-0002-6873-5447; White, A Clinton/0000-0002-9668-4632 NR 111 TC 198 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 747 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.4.747-756.2002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 647MT UT WOS:000181097200010 PM 12364377 ER PT J AU Lin, HM Lyles, RH Williamson, JM AF Lin, HM Lyles, RH Williamson, JM TI Bias in a placebo-controlled study due to mismeasurement of disease status and the regression effect SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE bias; misclassification; placebo-controlled trial; regression to the mean; intervention; otitis media AB We raise the concern of whether the use of a placebo group in a randomized clinical trial is sufficient to eliminate bias in the assessment of the effectiveness of a drug when enrollment into the trial prior to intervention requires diagnosis of a dichotomous disease, and the diagnostic test is subject to uncertainty. Due to misclassification and the regression effect, the observed difference in the proportions of diseased individuals between the treatment and placebo groups at follow-up will be equal to the true difference multiplied by the positive predictive value at screening and the difference between the sensitivity and the false-positive value at follow-up. Thus, measurement error of disease status before and after administering the intervention attenuates the intervention effect. Validation data corresponding to both the screening and follow-up conditions are necessary to provide additional information on the validity of the diagnostic test. Proper statistical analysis should include such data for an accurate portrayal of the effectiveness of the treatment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lin, HM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, A210,600 Centerview Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R03 HS11452]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59601-01] NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 497 EP 501 AR PII S0197-2456(02)00229-5 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(02)00229-5 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 599GR UT WOS:000178326200003 PM 12392863 ER PT J AU Markotic, A Gagro, A Dasic, G Kuzman, I Lukas, D Nichol, S Ksiazek, TG Sabioncello, A Rode, O Rabatic, S Dekaris, D AF Markotic, A Gagro, A Dasic, G Kuzman, I Lukas, D Nichol, S Ksiazek, TG Sabioncello, A Rode, O Rabatic, S Dekaris, D TI Immune parameters in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome during the incubation and acute disease: Case report SO CROATIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Croatia; hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; interleukin-6; Puumala virus; receptors, interleukin-2; receptors, interleukin-6; T-Lymphocytes; war ID PATHOGENESIS; HANTAVIRUSES AB We describe immune parameters in a Croatian soldier who presented with mild flu-like symptoms and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate in the lungs on an X-ray during the incubation phase of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgM and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were negative. Two weeks later, lie developed HFRS caused by the Puumala virus. We performed two-color immunofluorescence cytometry with monoclonal antibodies identifying the activation markers on T cells. Serum samples were also examined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the presence of interleukins IL-2 and IL-6 and their Soluble receptors (sR). The analysis of early and late activation markers during the period of incubation revealed a small increase in the percentage of helper (CD4(+)CD25(+)) T cells and no significant increase in total activated (HLA-DR(+)TCR(+)) and cytotoxic (CD8(+)CD71(+)) T cells as compared with healthy controls. In the serum, only the concentration of soluble IL-6 receptor was increased. However, when the patient developed HFRS, all activation markers on T cells increased. Concentrations of slL-2Ralpha and IL-6 remained increased two and six days after HFRS onset, respectively, whereas sIL-6R increased six days after HFRS onset. IL-2 concentration did not change. Our case indicates that rapid, modern diagnostic tools are necessary in the diagnosis of infectious diseases and their differential diagnosis. Immunological tests, which provide information on the patient immune status and especially on early changes in immune parameters, may contribute to the improvement of the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of HFRS. C1 Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Dept Res & Dev, Inst Immunol, Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Dept Acute Resp Infect, Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Dept Gastrointestinal Infect Dis, Zagreb, Croatia. CDC, Dept Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Dept Clin Microbiol, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Markotic, A (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Inst Immunol, Dept Res & Dev, Cellular Immunol Unit, Rockefellerova 10, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. EM amarkotic@imz.hr NR 14 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICINSKA NAKLADA PI ZAGREB PA VLASKA 69, HR-10000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0353-9504 J9 CROAT MED J JI Croat. Med. J. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 BP 587 EP 590 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 613YF UT WOS:000179158700015 PM 12402402 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Arrowood, MJ AF Eberhard, ML Arrowood, MJ TI Cyclospora spp. SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Cyclospora; cyclosporiasis; coccidian ID CAYETANENSIS; GUATEMALA; INFECTION; TRAVELERS; DIARRHEA; PROTOZOA; PATIENT; AIDS AB Purpose of review Infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis continues to pose many questions, both in endemic populations and in travelers and food-borne outbreaks. The present review discusses existing knowledge but focuses more on what is yet to be learned about this infection. Recent findings Information on the parasite in endemic settings continues to be gathered, and similarities to and differences from other intestinal coccidia, especially Cryptosporidium spp., are becoming clearer. Food-borne outbreaks in North America continue despite efforts to identify and limit importation of particular items, such as berries, at certain times of the year. Study of Cyclospora spp. found in east African primates has shed some light on human infection but raises many new questions regarding the biology of the organism. Summary Despite new information being gathered regarding Cyclospora spp., including infection rates in various age and population groups, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of such basic issues as the factors that influence infectivity, seasonality, mode of food contamination, and geographic distribution. These gaps highlight the need for continued study on a variety of fronts, including surveillance, and clinical and basic biology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), CDC, Div Parasit Dis F22, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 519 EP 522 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 601FH UT WOS:000178435500011 PM 12686886 ER PT J AU Schwartz, AV Hillier, TA Sellmeyer, DE Resnick, HE Gregg, E Ensrud, KE Schreiner, PJ Margolis, KL Cauley, JA Nevitt, MC Black, DM Cummings, SR AF Schwartz, AV Hillier, TA Sellmeyer, DE Resnick, HE Gregg, E Ensrud, KE Schreiner, PJ Margolis, KL Cauley, JA Nevitt, MC Black, DM Cummings, SR CA Osteoporotic Fractures Res Grp TI Older women with diabetes have a higher risk of falls SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID HIP FRACTURE; BONE-DENSITY; NEUROPATHY; ADULTS; COMMUNITY; MELLITUS; HEALTH; AGE AB OBJECTIVE - To determine whether older women with diabetes have an increased risk of falls and whether known risk factors for falls account for any increased risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- This prospective cohort study included 9,249 women greater than or equal to67 years of age enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Diabetes was determined by questionnaire at baseline. Physical performance was measured at the second examination. Subsequently, falls were ascertained every 4 months by postcard. RESULTS- A total of 629 (6.8%) women had diabetes, including 99 who used insulin. During an average of 7.2 years, 1,640 women (18%) fell more than once a year. Diabetes, stratified by insulin use, was associated with an increased risk of falling more than once a year (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.68 [95% CI 1.37-2.07] for non-insulin-treated diabetes; age-adjusted OR 2.78 [1.82-4.24] for insulin-treated diabetes). In the first 2 years of follow-up, women with diabetes were not more likely to fall than women without diabetes (44 vs. 42%; P = 0.26), but they had more falls (3.1 vs. 2.4; P < 0.01). Women with diabetes were more likely to have other risk factors for falls, which appeared to account for the increased risk of falls associated with non-insulin-treated diabetes (adjusted OR 1.18 [0.87-1.60]) but not insulin-treated diabetes (adjusted OR 2.76 [1.52-5.01]). CONCLUSIONS - Older women with diabetes have an increased risk of falling, partly because of the increased rates of known fall risk factors, and may benefit from interventions to prevent falls. Further research is needed to determine whether diabetes treatment reduces fall risk. C1 UCSF, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. MedStar Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Minneapolis Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Sect Gen Internal Med, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Clin Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Schwartz, AV (reprint author), UCSF, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05394, AG05407]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR35584, AR35582, AR35583] NR 30 TC 244 Z9 252 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 2002 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1749 EP 1754 DI 10.2337/diacare.25.10.1749 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UF UT WOS:000185504500013 PM 12351472 ER PT J AU Stanton, JM Bachiochi, PD Robie, C Perez, LM Smith, PC AF Stanton, JM Bachiochi, PD Robie, C Perez, LM Smith, PC TI Revising the JDI work satisfaction subscale: Insights into stress and control SO EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS; JOB DEMANDS; COVARIANCE-STRUCTURES; OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; DECISION LATITUDE; ROLE-CONFLICT; FIT INDEXES; GOODNESS; AMBIGUITY; SCALE AB The Job Descriptive Index (JDI) is a widely used facet measure of job satisfaction that has undergone several revisions since its first publication in 1969. A revision in 1985 added items that, in subsequent research, appeared to tap work stress rather than work satisfaction. To illuminate the contaminating effect of these items, the authors analyzed two samples (n = 1,623 and n = 314) that also contained test items hypothesized to tap job control. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor solution and provided evidence supporting the removal of the contaminating items from the JDI. The presence of factorially complex items, however, indicated that some content overlap remains in the measure. Hierarchical regression results supported predictions about relationships between satisfaction, stress, and control. Results of the study have implications for development of occupational satisfaction measures and further refinement of stress, control, and satisfaction constructs. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Psychol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. Personnel Decis Int, Minneapolis, MN 55402 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Stanton, JM (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Psychol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM stanton@bgnet.bgsu.edu NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-1644 J9 EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS JI Educ. Psychol. Meas. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 62 IS 5 BP 877 EP 895 DI 10.1177/001316402236883 PG 19 WC Psychology, Educational; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Psychology, Mathematical SC Psychology; Mathematics GA 591NM UT WOS:000177887000008 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM Gerberding, JL AF Hughes, JM Gerberding, JL TI Anthrax bioterrorism: Lessons learned and future directions SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1013 EP 1014 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200001 PM 12396907 ER PT J AU Perkins, BA Popovic, T Yeskey, K AF Perkins, BA Popovic, T Yeskey, K TI Public health in the time of bioterrorism SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perkins, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1015 EP 1018 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200002 PM 12396908 ER PT J AU Jernigan, DB Raghunathan, PL Bell, BP Brechner, R Bresnitz, EA Butler, JC Cetron, M Cohen, M Doyle, T Fischer, M Greene, C Griffith, KS Guarner, J Hadler, JL Hayslett, JA Meyer, R Petersen, LR Phillips, M Pinner, R Popovic, T Quinn, CP Reefhuis, J Reissman, D Rosenstein, N Schuchat, A Shieh, WJ Siegal, L Swerdlow, DL Tenover, FC Traeger, M Ward, JW Weisfuse, I Wiersma, S Yeskey, K Zaki, S Ashford, DA Perkins, BA Ostroff, S Hughes, J Fleming, D Koplan, JP Gerberding, JL AF Jernigan, DB Raghunathan, PL Bell, BP Brechner, R Bresnitz, EA Butler, JC Cetron, M Cohen, M Doyle, T Fischer, M Greene, C Griffith, KS Guarner, J Hadler, JL Hayslett, JA Meyer, R Petersen, LR Phillips, M Pinner, R Popovic, T Quinn, CP Reefhuis, J Reissman, D Rosenstein, N Schuchat, A Shieh, WJ Siegal, L Swerdlow, DL Tenover, FC Traeger, M Ward, JW Weisfuse, I Wiersma, S Yeskey, K Zaki, S Ashford, DA Perkins, BA Ostroff, S Hughes, J Fleming, D Koplan, JP Gerberding, JL CA Natl Anthrax Epidemiologic Investi TI Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States, 2001: Epidemiologic findings SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS AB In October 2001, the first inhalational anthrax case in the United States since 1976 was identified in a media company worker in Florida. A national investigation was initiated to identify additional cases and determine possible exposures to Bacillus anthracis. Surveillance was enhanced through health-care facilities, laboratories, and other means to identify cases, which were defined as clinically compatible illness with laboratory-confirmed B. anthracis infection. From October 4 to November 20, 2001, 22 cases of anthrax (11 inhalational, 11 cutaneous) were identified; 5 of the inhalational cases were fatal. Twenty (91%) case-patients were either mail handlers or were exposed to worksites where contaminated mail was processed or received. B. anthracis isolates from four powder-containing envelopes, 17 specimens from patients, and 106 environmental samples were indistinguishable by molecular subtyping. Illness and death occurred not only at targeted worksites, but also along the path of mail and in other settings. Continued vigilance for cases is needed among health-care providers and members of the public health and law enforcement communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Jernigan, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 46 TC 341 Z9 353 U1 8 U2 23 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1019 EP 1028 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200003 PM 12396909 ER PT J AU Maillard, JM Fischer, M McKee, KT Turner, LF Cline, JS AF Maillard, JM Fischer, M McKee, KT Turner, LF Cline, JS TI First case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax, Florida, 2001: North Carolina investigation SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The index case of inhalational anthrax in October 2001 was in a man who lived and worked in Florida. However, during the 3 days before illness onset, the patient had traveled through North Carolina, raising the possibility that exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores could have occurred there. The rapid response in North Carolina included surveillance among hospital intensive-care units, microbiology laboratories, medical examiners, and veterinarians, and site investigations at locations visited by the index patient to identify the naturally occurring or bioterrorism-related source of his exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Fischer, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1035 EP 1038 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200005 PM 12396911 ER PT J AU Hsu, VP Lukacs, SL Handzel, T Hayslett, J Harper, S Hales, T Semenova, VA Romero-Steiner, S Elie, C Quinn, CP Khabbaz, R Khan, AS Martin, G Eisold, J Schuchat, A Hajjeh, RA AF Hsu, VP Lukacs, SL Handzel, T Hayslett, J Harper, S Hales, T Semenova, VA Romero-Steiner, S Elie, C Quinn, CP Khabbaz, R Khan, AS Martin, G Eisold, J Schuchat, A Hajjeh, RA TI Opening a Bacillus anthracis-containing envelope, Capitol Hill, Washington, DC: The public health response SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; UNITED-STATES; BIOTERRORISM AB On October 15, 2001, a U.S. Senate staff member opened an envelope containing Bacillus anthracis spores. Chemoprophylaxis was promptly initiated and nasal swabs obtained for all persons in the immediate area. An epidemiologic investigation was conducted to define exposure areas and identify persons who should receive prolonged chemoprophylaxis, based on their exposure risk. Persons immediately exposed to B. anthracis spores were interviewed; records were reviewed to identify additional persons in this area. Persons with positive nasal swabs had repeat swabs and serial serologic evaluation to measure antibodies to B. anthracis protective antigen (anti-PA). A total of 625 persons were identified as requiring prolonged chemoprophylaxis; 28 had positive nasal swabs. Repeat nasal swabs were negative at 7 days; none had developed anti-PA antibodies by 42 days after exposure. Early nasal swab testing is a useful epidemiologic tool to assess risk of exposure to aerosolized B. anthracis. Early, wide chemoprophylaxis may have averted an outbreak of anthrax in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. US Capitol, Off Attending Physician, Washington, DC USA. RP Hsu, VP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vhsu@cdc.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 22 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1039 EP 1043 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200006 PM 12396912 ER PT J AU Greene, CM Reefhuis, J Tan, C Fiore, AE Goldstein, S Beach, MJ Redd, SC Valiante, D Burr, G Buehler, J Pinner, RW Bresnitz, E Bell, BP AF Greene, CM Reefhuis, J Tan, C Fiore, AE Goldstein, S Beach, MJ Redd, SC Valiante, D Burr, G Buehler, J Pinner, RW Bresnitz, E Bell, BP CA CDC New Jersey Anthrax Investigati TI Epidemiologic investigations of bioterrorism-related anthrax, New Jersey, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS AB At least four Bacillus anthracis-containing envelopes destined for New York City and Washington, D.C. were processed at the Trenton Processing and Distribution Center (PDC) on September 18 and October 9, 2001. When cutaneous anthrax was confirmed in a Trenton postal worker, the PDC was closed. Four cutaneous and two inhalational anthrax cases were identified. Five patients were hospitalized; none died. Four were PDC employees; the others handled or received mail processed there. Onset dates occurred in two clusters following envelope processing at the PDC. The attack rate among the 170 employees present when the B. anthracis-containing letters were sorted on October 9 was 1.2%. Of 137 PDC environmental samples, 57 (42%) were positive. Five (10%) of 50 local post offices each yielded one positive sample. Cutaneous or inhalational anthrax developed in four postal employees at a facility where B. anthracis-containing letters were processed. Cross-contaminated mail or equipment was the likely source of infection in two other case-patients with cutaneous anthrax. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID DBMD RDB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Greene, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID DBMD RDB, Mailstop C23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011; Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831; NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1048 EP 1055 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200008 PM 12396914 ER PT J AU Polyak, CS Macy, JT Irizarry-De la Cruz, M Lai, JE McAuliffe, JF Popovic, T Pillai, SP Mintz, ED AF Polyak, CS Macy, JT Irizarry-De la Cruz, M Lai, JE McAuliffe, JF Popovic, T Pillai, SP Mintz, ED CA Emergency Operations Ctr Int Team TI Bioterrorism-related anthrax: International response by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB After reports of the intentional release of Bacillus anthracis in the United States, epidemiologists, laboratorians, and clinicians around the world were called upon to respond to widespread political and public concerns. To respond to inquiries from other countries regarding anthrax and bioterrorism, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established an international team in its Emergency Operations Center. From October 12, 2001, to January 2, 2002, this team received 130 requests from 70 countries and 2 territories. Requests originated from ministries of health, international organizations, and physicians and included subjects ranging from laboratory procedures and clinical evaluations to assessments of environmental and occupational health risks. The information and technical support provided by the international team helped allay fears, prevent unnecessary antibiotic treatment, and enhance laboratory-based surveillance for bioterrorism events worldwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Miami, FL USA. RP Polyak, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1056 EP 1059 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200009 PM 12396915 ER PT J AU De, BK Bragg, SL Sanden, GN Wilson, KE Diem, LA Marston, CK Hoffmaster, AR Barnett, GA Weyant, RS Abshire, TG Ezzell, JW Popovic, T AF De, BK Bragg, SL Sanden, GN Wilson, KE Diem, LA Marston, CK Hoffmaster, AR Barnett, GA Weyant, RS Abshire, TG Ezzell, JW Popovic, T TI Two-component direct fluorescent-antibody assay for rapid identification Bacillus anthracis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; S-LAYER; BIOTERRORISM; ANTIGENS; CAPSULE AB A two-component direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assay, using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific to the Bacillus anthracis cell wall (CW-DFA) and capsule (CAP-DFA) antigens, was evaluated and validated for rapid identification of B. anthracis. We analyzed 230 B. anthracis isolates; 228 and 229 were positive by CW-DFA and CAP-DFA assays, respectively. We also tested 56 non-B. anthracis strains; 10 B. cereus and 2 B. thuringiensis were positive by the CW-DFA assay, and 1 B. megaterium strain was positive by CAP-DFA. Analysis of the combined DFA results identified 227 of 230 B. anthracis isolates; all 56 strains of the other Bacillus spp. were negative. Both DFA assays tested positive on 14 of 26 aging clinical specimens from the 2001 anthrax outbreak investigation. The two-component DFA assay is a sensitive, specific, and rapid confirmatory test for B. anthracis in cultures and may be useful directly on clinical specimens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP De, BK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1060 EP 1065 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200010 PM 12396916 ER PT J AU Dewan, PK Fry, AM Laserson, K Tierney, BC Quinn, CP Hayslett, JA Broyles, LN Shane, A Winthrop, KL Walks, I Siegel, L Hales, T Semenova, VA Romero-Steiner, S Elie, C Khabbaz, R Khan, AS Hajjeh, RA Schuchat, A AF Dewan, PK Fry, AM Laserson, K Tierney, BC Quinn, CP Hayslett, JA Broyles, LN Shane, A Winthrop, KL Walks, I Siegel, L Hales, T Semenova, VA Romero-Steiner, S Elie, C Khabbaz, R Khan, AS Hajjeh, RA Schuchat, A CA Washington DC Anthrax Response Tea TI Inhalational anthrax outbreak among postal workers, Washington, DC, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS AB In October 2001, four cases of inhalational anthrax occurred in workers in a Washington, D.C., mail facility that processed envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores. We reviewed the envelopes' paths and obtained exposure histories and nasal swab cultures from postal workers. Environmental sampling was performed. A sample of employees was assessed for antibody concentrations to B. anthracis protective antigen. Case-patients worked on nonoverlapping shifts throughout the facility, suggesting multiple aerosolization events. Environmental sampling showed diffuse contamination of the facility. Potential workplace exposures were similar for the case-patients and the sample of workers. All nasal swab cultures and serum antibody tests were negative. Available tools could not identify subgroups of employees at higher risk for exposure or disease. Prophylaxis was necessary for all employees. To protect postal workers against bioterrorism, measures to reduce the risk of occupational exposure are necessary. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington DC Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 22 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1066 EP 1072 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200011 PM 12396917 ER PT J AU Tan, CG Sandhu, HS Crawford, DC Redd, SC Beach, MJ Buehler, JW Bresnitz, EA Pinner, RW Bell, BP AF Tan, CG Sandhu, HS Crawford, DC Redd, SC Beach, MJ Buehler, JW Bresnitz, EA Pinner, RW Bell, BP CA Regional Anthrax Surveillance Team Ctr Dis Control Prevention TI Surveillance for anthrax cases associated with contaminated letters, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In October 2001, two inhalational anthrax and four cutaneous anthrax cases, resulting from the processing of Bacillus anthracis-containing envelopes at a New Jersey mail facility, were identified. Subsequently, we initiated stimulated passive hospital-based and enhanced passive surveillance for anthrax-compatible syndromes. From October 24 to December 17, 2001, hospitals reported 240,160 visits and 7,109 intensive-care unit admissions in the surveillance area (population 6.7 million persons). Following a change of reporting criteria on November 8, the average of possible inhalational anthrax reports decreased 83% from 18 to 3 per day; the proportion of reports requiring follow-up increased from 37% (105/286) to 41% (47/116). Clinical follow-up was conducted on 214 of 464 possible inhalational anthrax patients and 98 possible cutaneous anthrax patients; 49 had additional laboratory testing. No additional cases were identified. To verify the limited scope of the outbreak, surveillance was essential, though labor-intensive. The flexibility of the system allowed interim evaluation, thus improving surveillance efficiency. C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tan, CG (reprint author), New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, 3635 Quakerbridge Rd, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RI Crawford, Dana/C-1054-2012; Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1073 EP 1077 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200012 PM 12396918 ER PT J AU Williams, AA Parashar, UD Stoica, A Ridzon, R Kirschke, DL Meyer, RF McClellan, J Fischer, M Nelson, R Cartter, M Hadler, JL Jernigan, JA Mast, EE Swerdlow, DL AF Williams, AA Parashar, UD Stoica, A Ridzon, R Kirschke, DL Meyer, RF McClellan, J Fischer, M Nelson, R Cartter, M Hadler, JL Jernigan, JA Mast, EE Swerdlow, DL CA Connecticut Anthrax Investigation TI Bioterrorism-related anthrax surveillance, Connecticut, September-December, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB On November 19, 2001, a case of inhalational anthrax was identified in a 94-year-old Connecticut woman, who later died. We conducted intensive surveillance for additional anthrax cases, which included collecting data from hospitals, emergency departments, private practitioners, death certificates, postal facilities, veterinarians, and the state medical examiner. No additional cases of anthrax were identified. The absence of additional anthrax cases argued against an intentional environmental release of Bacillus anthracis in Connecticut and suggested that, if the source of anthrax had been cross-contaminated mail, the risk for anthrax in this setting was very low. This surveillance system provides a model that can be adapted for use in similar emergency settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Connecticut State Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1078 EP 1082 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200013 PM 12396919 ER PT J AU Teshale, EH Painter, J Burr, GA Mead, P Wright, SV Cseh, LF Zabrocki, R Collins, R Kelley, KA Hadler, JL Swerdlow, DL AF Teshale, EH Painter, J Burr, GA Mead, P Wright, SV Cseh, LF Zabrocki, R Collins, R Kelley, KA Hadler, JL Swerdlow, DL CA Connecticut Anthrax Response Team TI Environmental sampling for spores of Bacillus anthracis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB On November 11, 2001, following the bioterrorism-related anthrax attacks, the U.S. Postal Service collected samples at the Southern Connecticut Processing and Distribution Center; all samples were negative for Bacillus anthracis. After a patient in Connecticut died from inhalational anthrax on November 19, the center was sampled again on November 21 and 25 by using dry and wet swabs. All samples were again negative for B. anthracis. On November 28, guided by information from epidemiologic investigation, we sampled the site extensively with wet wipes and surface vacuum sock samples (using HEPA vacuum). Of 212 samples, 6 (3%) were positive, including one from a highly contaminated sorter. Subsequently B. anthracis was also detected in mail-sorting bins used for the patient's carrier route. These results suggest cross-contaminated mail as a possible source of anthrax for the inhalational anthrax patient in Connecticut. In future such investigations, extensive sampling guided by epidemiologic data is imperative. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Teshale, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1083 EP 1087 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200014 PM 12396920 ER PT J AU Mott, JA Treadwell, TA Hennessy, TW Rosenberg, PA Wolfe, MI Brown, CM Butler, JC AF Mott, JA Treadwell, TA Hennessy, TW Rosenberg, PA Wolfe, MI Brown, CM Butler, JC TI Call-tracking data and the public health response to bioterrorism-related anthrax SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; UNITED-STATES; EMERGENCY AB After public notification of confirmed cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emergency Operations Center responded to 11,063 bioterrorism-related telephone calls from October 8 to November 11, 2001. Most calls were inquiries from the public about anthrax vaccines (58.4%), requests for general information on bioterrorism prevention (14.8%), and use of personal protective equipment (12.0%); 882 telephone calls (8.0%) were referred to the state liaison team for follow-up investigation. Of these, 226 (25.6%) included reports of either illness clinically confirmed to be compatible with anthrax or direct exposure to an environment known to be contaminated with Bacillus anthracis. The remaining 656 (74.4%) included no confirmed illness but reported exposures to "suspicious" packages or substances or the receipt of mail through a contaminated facility. Emergency response staff must handle high call volumes following suspected or actual bioterrorist attacks. Standardized health communication protocols that address contact with unknown substances, handling of suspicious mail, and clinical evaluation of suspected cases would allow more efficient follow-up investigations of clinically compatible cases in high-risk groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Mott, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1088 EP 1092 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200015 PM 12396921 ER PT J AU Heller, MB Bunning, ML France, MEB Niemeyer, DM Peruski, L Naimi, T Talboy, PM Murray, PH Pietz, HW Kornblum, J Oleszko, W Beatrice, ST AF Heller, MB Bunning, ML France, MEB Niemeyer, DM Peruski, L Naimi, T Talboy, PM Murray, PH Pietz, HW Kornblum, J Oleszko, W Beatrice, ST CA Joint Microbiological Rapid Respon TI Laboratory response to anthrax bioterrorism, New York City, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB In October 2001, the greater New York City Metropolitan Area was the scene of a bioterrorism attack. The scale of the public response to this attack was not foreseen and threatened to overwhelm the Bioterrorism Response Laboratory's (BTRL) ability to process and test environmental samples. In a joint effort with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the cooperation of the Department of Defense, a massive effort was launched to maintain and sustain the laboratory response and return test results in a timely fashion. This effort was largely successful. The development and expansion of the facility are described, as are the special needs of a BTRL. The establishment of a Laboratory Bioterrorism Command Center and protocols for sample intake, processing, reporting, security, testing, staffing, and quality control are also described. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Warfighting Concepts & Architecture Integrat Div, Joint Staff, Washington, DC USA. Joint Program Off Biol Def, Falls Church, VA USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Seymour Johnson AFB, Goldsboro, NC USA. RP Bunning, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1096 EP 1102 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200017 PM 12396923 ER PT J AU Quinn, CP Semenova, VA Elie, CM Romero-Steiner, S Greene, C Li, H Stamey, K Steward-Clark, E Schmidt, DS Mothershed, E Pruckler, J Schwartz, S Benson, RF Helsel, LO Holder, PF Johnson, SE Kellum, M Messmer, T Thacker, WL Besser, L Plikaytis, BD Taylor, TH Freeman, AE Wallace, KJ Dull, P Sejvar, J Bruce, E Moreno, R Schuchat, A Lingappa, JR Marano, N Martin, SK Walls, J Bronsdon, M Carlone, GM Bajani-Ari, M Ashford, DA Stephens, DS Perkins, BA AF Quinn, CP Semenova, VA Elie, CM Romero-Steiner, S Greene, C Li, H Stamey, K Steward-Clark, E Schmidt, DS Mothershed, E Pruckler, J Schwartz, S Benson, RF Helsel, LO Holder, PF Johnson, SE Kellum, M Messmer, T Thacker, WL Besser, L Plikaytis, BD Taylor, TH Freeman, AE Wallace, KJ Dull, P Sejvar, J Bruce, E Moreno, R Schuchat, A Lingappa, JR Marano, N Martin, SK Walls, J Bronsdon, M Carlone, GM Bajani-Ari, M Ashford, DA Stephens, DS Perkins, BA TI Specific, sensitive, and quantitative enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay for human immunoglobulin G antibodies to anthrax toxin protective antigen SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; UNITED-STATES; GUINEA-PIGS; DIAGNOSIS; CALIBRATION; RELEVANCE; IMMUNITY; VACCINE; TESTS AB The bioterrorism-associated human anthrax epidemic in the fall of 2001 highlighted the need for a sensitive, reproducible, and specific laboratory test for the confirmatory diagnosis of human anthrax. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed, optimized, and rapidly qualified an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) in human serum. The qualified ELISA had a minimum detection limit of 0.06 mug/mL, a reliable lower limit of detection of 0.09 mug/mL, and a lower limit of quantification in undiluted serum specimens of 3.0 mug/mL anti-PA IgG. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 97.8%, and the diagnostic specificity was 97.6%. A competitive inhibition anti-PA IgG ELISA was also developed to enhance diagnostic specificity to 100%. The anti-PA ELISAs proved valuable for the confirmation of cases of cutaneous and inhalational anthrax and evaluation of patients in whom the diagnosis of anthrax was being considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS D01, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM caq7@cdc.gov RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012; OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 33 TC 118 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1103 EP 1110 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200018 PM 12396924 ER PT J AU Hoffmaster, AR Fitzgerald, CC Ribot, E Mayer, LW Popovic, T AF Hoffmaster, AR Fitzgerald, CC Ribot, E Mayer, LW Popovic, T TI Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis and the 2001 bioterrorism-associated anthrax outbreak, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; GUINEA-PIGS; DIVERSITY; EFFICACY; CEREUS; THURINGIENSIS; ANTIBODIES; CHALLENGE; INFECTION; MARKERS AB Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis played an important role in differentiating and identifying strains during the 2001 bioterrorism-associated outbreak. Because B. anthracis has a low level of genetic variability, only a few subtyping methods, with varying reliability, exist. We initially used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to subtype 135 B. anthracis isolates associated with the outbreak. All isolates were determined to be of genotype 62, the same as the Ames strain used in laboratories. We sequenced the protective antigen gene (pagA) from 42 representative outbreak isolates and determined they all had a pagA sequence indistinguishable from the Ames strain (PA genotype I). MLVA and pagA sequencing were also used on DNA from clinical specimens, making subtyping B. anthracis possible without an isolate. Use of high-resolution molecular subtyping determined that all outbreak isolates were indistinguishable by the methods used and probably originated from a single source. In addition, subtyping rapidly identified laboratory contaminants and nonoutbreak-related isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoffmaster, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 90 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1111 EP 1116 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200019 PM 12396925 ER PT J AU Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Mayer, LW Morey, R Steigerwalt, A Boras, A Weyant, RS Popovic, T AF Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Mayer, LW Morey, R Steigerwalt, A Boras, A Weyant, RS Popovic, T TI Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene: A rapid tool for identification of Bacillus anthracis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; CEREUS; HETEROGENEITY; THURINGIENSIS; DNA AB In a bioterrorism event, a tool is needed to rapidly differentiate Bacillus anthracis from other closely related spore-forming Bacillus species. During the recent outbreak of bioterrorism-associated anthrax, we sequenced the 16S rRNA genes from these species to evaluate the potential of 16S rRNA gene sequencing as a diagnostic tool. We found eight distinct 16S types among all 107 16S rRNA gene sequences that differed from each other at 1 to 8 positions (0.06% to 0.5%). All 86 B. anthracis had an identical 16S gene sequence, designated type 6; 16S type 10 was seen in all B. thuringiensis strains; six other 16S types were found among the 10 B. cereus strains. This report describes the first demonstration of an exclusive association of a distinct 16S sequence with B. anthracis. Consequently, we were able to rapidly identify suspected isolates and to detect the B. anthracis 16S rRNA gene directly from culture-negative clinical specimens from seven patients with laboratory-confirmed anthrax. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Sacchi, CT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cls9@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 114 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 17 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1117 EP 1123 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200020 PM 12396926 ER PT J AU Shepard, CW Soriano-Gabarro, M Zell, ER Hayslett, J Lukacs, S Goldstein, S Factor, S Jones, J Ridzon, R Williams, I Rosenstein, N AF Shepard, CW Soriano-Gabarro, M Zell, ER Hayslett, J Lukacs, S Goldstein, S Factor, S Jones, J Ridzon, R Williams, I Rosenstein, N CA CDC Advents Working Grp TI Antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis for anthrax: Adverse events and adherence SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONADHERENCE; DOXYCYCLINE AB We collected data during postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis campaigns and from a prophylaxis program evaluation 60 days after start of antimicrobial prophylaxis involving persons from six U.S. sites where Bacillus anthracis exposures occurred. Adverse events associated with antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent anthrax were commonly reported, but hospitalizations and serious adverse events as defined by Food and Drug Administration criteria were rare. Overall adherence during 60 days of antimicrobial prophylaxis was poor (44%), ranging from 21% of persons exposed in the Morgan postal facility in New York City to 64% of persons exposed at the Brentwood postal facility in Washington, D.C. Adherence was highest among participants in an investigational new drug protocol to receive additional antibiotics with or without anthrax vaccine-a likely surrogate for anthrax risk perception. Adherence of <60 days was not consistently associated with adverse events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. RP Shepard, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop C09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Bales, Michael/0000-0001-7988-5195 NR 27 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1124 EP 1132 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200021 PM 12396927 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Noviello, SS Griffith, KS Wurtzel, H Hamborsky, J Perz, JF Williams, IT Hadler, JL Swerdlow, DL Ridzon, R AF Williams, JL Noviello, SS Griffith, KS Wurtzel, H Hamborsky, J Perz, JF Williams, IT Hadler, JL Swerdlow, DL Ridzon, R TI Anthrax postexposure prophylaxis in postal workers, Connecticut, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB After inhalational anthrax was diagnosed in a Connecticut woman on November 20, 2001, postexposure prophylaxis was recommended for postal workers at the regional mail facility serving the patient's area. Although environmental testing at the facility yielded negative results, subsequent testing confirmed the presence of Bacillus anthracis. We distributed questionnaires to 100 randomly selected postal workers within 20 days of initial prophylaxis. Ninety-four workers obtained antibiotics, 68 of whom started postexposure prophylaxis, and of these, 21 discontinued. Postal workers who never started or stopped taking prophylaxis cited as reasons disbelief regarding anthrax exposure, problems with adverse events, and initial reports of negative cultures. Postal workers with adverse events reported predominant symptoms of gastrointestinal distress and headache. The influence of these concerns on adherence suggests that communication about risks of acquiring anthrax, education about adverse events, and careful management of adverse events are essential elements in increasing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Williams, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1133 EP 1137 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200022 PM 12396928 ER PT J AU Jefferds, MD Laserson, K Fry, AM Roy, S Hayslett, J Grummer-Strawn, L Kettel-Khan, L Schuchat, A AF Jefferds, MD Laserson, K Fry, AM Roy, S Hayslett, J Grummer-Strawn, L Kettel-Khan, L Schuchat, A CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention Anthrax TI Adherence to antimicrobal inhalational anthrax prophylaxis among postal workers, Washington, DC, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV DISEASE; NONADHERENCE AB In October 2001, two envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores were processed at the Washington, D.C., Processing and Distribution Center of the U.S. Postal Service; inhalational anthrax developed in four workers at this facility. More than 2,000 workers were advised to complete 60 days of postexposure prophylaxis to prevent inhalational anthrax. Interventions to promote adherence were carried out to support workers, and qualitative information was collected to evaluate our interventions. A quantitative survey was administered to a convenience sample of workers to assess factors influencing adherence. No anthrax infections developed in any workers involved in the interventions or interviews. Of 245 workers, 98 (40%) reported full adherence to prophylaxis, and 45 (18%) had completely discontinued it. Anxiety and experiencing adverse effects to prophylaxis, as well as being <45 years old were risk factors for discontinuing prophylaxis. Interventions, especially frequent visits by public health staff, proved effective in supporting adherence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jefferds, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1138 EP 1144 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200023 PM 12396929 ER PT J AU Sanderson, WT Hein, MJ Taylor, L Curwin, BD Kinnes, GM Seitz, TA Popovic, T Holmes, HT Kellum, ME McAllister, SK Whaley, DN Tupin, EA Walker, T Freed, JA Small, DS Klusaritz, B Bridges, JH AF Sanderson, WT Hein, MJ Taylor, L Curwin, BD Kinnes, GM Seitz, TA Popovic, T Holmes, HT Kellum, ME McAllister, SK Whaley, DN Tupin, EA Walker, T Freed, JA Small, DS Klusaritz, B Bridges, JH TI Surface sampling methods for Bacillus anthracis spore contamination SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB During an investigation conducted December 17-20, 2001, we collected environmental samples from a U.S. postal facility in Washington, D.C., known to be extensively contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores. Because methods for collecting and analyzing B. anthracis spores have not yet been validated, our objective was to compare the relative effectiveness of sampling methods used for collecting spores from contaminated surfaces. Comparison of wipe, wet and dry swab, and HEPA vacuum sock samples on nonporous surfaces indicated good agreement between results with HEPA vacuum and wipe samples. However, results from HEPA vacuum sock and wipe samples agreed poorly with the swab samples. Dry swabs failed to detect spores >75% of the time when they were detected by wipe and HEPA vacuum samples. Wipe samples collected after HEPA vacuum samples and HEPA vacuum samples collected after wipe samples indicated that neither method completely removed spores from the sampled surfaces. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. IT Corp, Washington, DC USA. RP Sanderson, WT (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, IREH, 100 Oakdale Campus 219, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 17 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1145 EP 1151 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200024 PM 12396930 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Cohen, ML Friedman, CR Scripp, RM Watz, CG AF Butler, JC Cohen, ML Friedman, CR Scripp, RM Watz, CG TI Collaboration between public health and law enforcement: New paradigms and partnerships for bioterrorism planning and response SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CITY; CONTAMINATION; PREPAREDNESS; INJURIES; OUTBREAK; WORKERS AB The biological attacks with powders containing Bacillus anthracis sent through the mail during September and October 2001 led to unprecedented public health and law enforcement investigations, which involved thousands of investigators from federal, state, and local agencies. Following recognition of the first cases of anthrax in Florida in early October 2001, investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) were mobilized to assist investigators from state and local public health and law enforcement agencies. Although public health and criminal investigations have been conducted in concert in the past, the response to the anthrax attacks required close collaboration because of the immediate and ongoing threat to public safety. We describe the collaborations between CDC and FBI during the investigation of the 2001 anthrax attacks and highlight the challenges and successes of public health and law enforcement collaborations in general. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fed Bur Invest, Washington, DC USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), NCID, Artic Invest Program, CDC, 4055 Tudor Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1152 EP 1156 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200025 PM 12396931 ER PT J AU Bales, ME Dannenberg, AL Brachman, PS Kaufmann, AF Klatsky, PC Ashford, DA AF Bales, ME Dannenberg, AL Brachman, PS Kaufmann, AF Klatsky, PC Ashford, DA TI Epidemiologic response to anthrax outbreaks: Field investigations, 1950-2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We used unpublished reports, published manuscripts, and communication with investigators to identify and summarize 49 anthrax-related epidemiologic field investigations conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1950 to August 2001. Of 41 investigations in which Bacillus anthracis caused human or animal disease, 24 were in agricultural settings, 11 in textile mills, and 6 in other settings. Among the other investigations, two focused on building decontamination, one was a response to bioterrorism threats, and five involved other causes. Knowledge gained in these investigations helped guide the public health response to the October 2001 intentional release of B. anthracis, especially by addressing the management of anthrax threats, prevention of occupational anthrax, use of antibiotic prophylaxis in exposed persons, use of vaccination, spread of B. anthracis spores in aerosols, clinical diagnostic and laboratory confirmation methods, techniques for environmental sampling of exposed surfaces, and methods for decontaminating buildings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Bales, Michael/B-4731-2008 OI Bales, Michael/0000-0001-7988-5195 NR 67 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1163 EP 1174 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200028 PM 12396934 ER PT J AU Hoffmaster, AR Meyer, RF Bowen, MP Marston, CK Weyant, RS Barnett, GA Sejvar, JJ Jernigan, JA Perkins, BA Popovic, T AF Hoffmaster, AR Meyer, RF Bowen, MP Marston, CK Weyant, RS Barnett, GA Sejvar, JJ Jernigan, JA Perkins, BA Popovic, T TI Evaluation and validation of a real time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid identification of Bacillus anthracis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID CHROMOSOMAL DNA; PCR ANALYSIS; CEREUS; THURINGIENSIS; SEQUENCE; PLASMID; STRAINS; PXO1 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoffmaster, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1178 EP 1182 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605AL UT WOS:000178653200030 PM 12396935 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Hirsch, R Brody, DJ AF Dye, BA Hirsch, R Brody, DJ TI The relationship between blood lead levels and periodontal bone loss in the United States, 1988-1994 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE alveolar bone loss; blood lead; lead; NHANES; periodontal disease; smoking ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NHANES-III; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ELDERLY MEN; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; EXPOSURE; SEVERITY; RISK; PREVALENCE AB An association between bone disease and bone lead has been reported. Studies have suggested that lead stored in bone may adversely affect bone mineral metabolism and blood lead (PbB) levels. However, the relationship between PbB levels and bone loss attributed to periodontal disease has never been reported. In this study we examined the relationship between clinical parameters that characterize bone loss due to periodontal disease and PbB levels in the U.S. population. We used data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994, for the analyses. A total of 10,033 participants 20-69 years of age who completed a periodontal examination and had whole blood tested for lead were examined. Four types of periodontal disease measures were used to indicate oral bone loss: periodontal pocket depth, attachment loss extent, attachment loss severity, and the presence of dental furcations. We found that dental furcations were the best periodontal bone loss indicator for PbB levels (p = 0.005) in a multivariate linear regression model adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, poverty status, smoking, and age of home. Furthermore, after additional modeling, we found a smoking and dental furcation interaction (p = 0.034). Subsequent stratified analyses indicated that current and past smoking is an effect modifier for dental furcations on PbB levels. These findings indicate that increased PbB levels may be associated with advanced periodontal bone loss, particularly among people with a history of smoking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 10 BP 997 EP 1002 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 600VE UT WOS:000178411800031 PM 12361924 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Rietberg, K Wilson, S Farley, TA AF Kohl, KS Rietberg, K Wilson, S Farley, TA TI Relationship between home food-handling practices and sporadic salmonellosis in adults in Louisiana, United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CUTTING BOARDS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTIONS; ENTERITIDIS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONSUMPTION; ILLNESS; NORWAY AB Salmonellosis is the leading cause of death caused by foodborne bacterial pathogens in the United States. Approximately 90% of salmonella infections are sporadic, but most of what is known about salmonellosis has come from outbreak investigations. We studied the risk for sporadic salmonellosis among 115 persons aged greater than or equal to 15 years reported to the Louisiana Office of Public Health during May 1998-April 1999, compared with 115 age-matched controls. Significantly more case-patients than controls had chronic underlying medical conditions [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.3; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 2.2-8.7]. Although reported consumption of specific food items likely to contain salmonella was not associated with illness, inconsistent handwashing between preparation of meat and non-meat items was associated with illness (aOR = 8.3; Cl = 1.1-61.8). Enhanced measures to provide a consistently safe food supply and promote safer food preparation in households will depend on prevention of sporadic salmonellosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 129 IS 2 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1017/S0950268802007471 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 608YW UT WOS:000178876800004 PM 12403102 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, JNS Wade, TJ Hubbard, A Abrams, DI Leiser, RJ Charles, S Vu, M Saha, S Wright, CC Levy, DA Jensen, P Colford, JM AF Eisenberg, JNS Wade, TJ Hubbard, A Abrams, DI Leiser, RJ Charles, S Vu, M Saha, S Wright, CC Levy, DA Jensen, P Colford, JM TI Associations between water-treatment methods and diarrhoea in HIV-positive individuals SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION; RISK; CONSUMPTION; OUTBREAK AB This manuscript extends our previously published work (based on data from one clinic) on the association between three drinking water-treatment modalities (boiling, filtering, and bottling) and diarrhoeal disease in HIV-positive persons by incorporating data from two additional clinics collected in the following year. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of drinking water patterns, medication usage, and episodes of diarrhoea among HIV-positive persons attending clinics associated with the San Francisco Community Consortium. We present combined results from our previously published work in one clinic (n = 226) with data from these two additional clinics (n = 458). In this combined analysis we employed logistic regression and marginal structural modelling of the data. The relative risk of diarrhoea for 'always' vs. 'never' drinking boiled water was 0.68 (95% CI 0.45-1.04) and for 'always' vs. 'never' drinking bottled water was 1.22 (95 % CI 0.82-1.82). Drinking filtered water was unrelated to diarrhoea [1.03 (95 % CI 0.78, 1.35) for 'always' vs. 'never' drinking filtered water]. Adjustment for confounding did not have any notable effect on the point estimates (0.61, 1.35 and 0.98 for boiled, bottled, and filtered water respectively, as defined above). The risk of diarrhoea was lower among those consuming boiled water but this finding was not statistically significant. Because of these findings, the importance of diarrhoea in immunocompromised individuals, and the limitations of cross-sectional data further prospective investigations of water consumption and diarrhoea among HIV-positive individuals are needed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Community Consortium, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eisenberg, JNS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall,MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR2/CCU916252-02] NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 129 IS 2 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1017/S0950268802007422 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 608YW UT WOS:000178876800010 PM 12405100 ER PT J AU Ikegami, T Miranda, MEG Calaor, AB Manalo, DL Miranda, NJ Niikura, M Saijo, M Une, Y Nomura, Y Kurane, I Ksiazek, TG Yoshikawa, Y Morikawa, S AF Ikegami, T Miranda, MEG Calaor, AB Manalo, DL Miranda, NJ Niikura, M Saijo, M Une, Y Nomura, Y Kurane, I Ksiazek, TG Yoshikawa, Y Morikawa, S TI Histopathology of natural Ebola virus subtype Reston infection in cynomolgus Macaques during the Philippine outbreak in 1996 SO EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS LA English DT Article DE cynomolgus macaque; Ebola virus; histopathology; subtype Reston ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MARBURG VIRUSES; ANTIGEN; BLOOD; APOPTOSIS AB We investigated the livers, spleens, kidneys and lungs collected from 24 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) naturally infected with Ebola virus subtype Reston (EBO-R) during the Philippine outbreak in 1996, in order to reveal the histopathologic findings. These macaques showed necrotic hepatocytes with inclusions, slight to massive fibrin deposition in splenic cords, depletion of lymphoid cells in the white pulp of the spleen, and fibrin thrombi in some organs. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-leukocyte antigen L1 antibody revealed an increase in blood-derived macrophages/monocytes in the livers, kidneys and lungs of EBO-R infected macaques. EBO-R NP antigens were detected in the macrophages/monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts in the liver, spleen, kidney and lung. These results indicate that EBO-R infection is characterized by systemic coagulopathy and an increase in blood-derived macrophages/ monopytes in accordance with the E80-R propagation in macrophages/monocytes. C1 Natl Inst Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Lab, Dept Virol 1, Tokyo 2080011, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Biomed Sci, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Res Inst Trop Med, Vet Res Dept, Dept Hlth, Muntinlupa 1770, Philippines. INA Res Philippines Inc, Laguna, Philippines. Azabu Univ, Lab Vet Pathol, Kanagawa, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morikawa, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Lab, Dept Virol 1, Gakuen 4-7-1, Tokyo 2080011, Japan. RI Ikegami, Tetsuro/H-1329-2013; OI Une, Yumi/0000-0002-2112-1894; Ikegami, Tetsuro/0000-0001-8318-2783 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT PRESS EDITING CENTRE INC PI TOKYO PA 1-2-3 SUGAMO, TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170 0002, JAPAN SN 1341-1357 J9 EXP ANIM TOKYO JI Exp. Anim. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 51 IS 5 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1538/expanim.51.447 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 606BG UT WOS:000178712400004 PM 12451705 ER PT J AU Morris, M Scherr, P Hebert, L Tangney, C Bienias, J Bennett, D Evans, D AF Morris, M Scherr, P Hebert, L Tangney, C Bienias, J Bennett, D Evans, D TI Dietary intake of B-vitamins and risk of incident Alzheimer's disease SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2002 VL 42 SI 1 BP 333 EP 333 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 620PH UT WOS:000179541401164 ER PT J AU Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, GM Altaye, M Jiang, X Guerrero, ML Meinzen-Derr, JK Farkas, T Chaturvedi, P Pickering, LK Newburg, DS AF Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, GM Altaye, M Jiang, X Guerrero, ML Meinzen-Derr, JK Farkas, T Chaturvedi, P Pickering, LK Newburg, DS TI Human milk oligosaccharide homologs of Lewis blood group epitopes and protection against diarrhea in breastfed infants SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 09-12, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Glycobiol C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Meinzen-Derr, Jareen/N-4805-2015; Altaye, Mekibib/N-5274-2015 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 10 MA 21 BP 648 EP 648 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 601LT UT WOS:000178448200029 ER PT J AU Coignard, BP Colquhoun, SD Nguyen, GT Tokars, JI McMillian, M Mascola, L Shackleton, CR Jarvis, WR AF Coignard, BP Colquhoun, SD Nguyen, GT Tokars, JI McMillian, M Mascola, L Shackleton, CR Jarvis, WR TI Intra-operative deaths in liver transplant recipients associated with the use of solvent/detergent plasma. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 171 BP 209A EP 209A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301700171 ER PT J AU Kamili, S Araujo, A Yokosawa, J Locarinini, S Trautwein, C Spelbring, J Khudyakov, Y Fields, H Krawczynski, K AF Kamili, S Araujo, A Yokosawa, J Locarinini, S Trautwein, C Spelbring, J Khudyakov, Y Fields, H Krawczynski, K TI Experimental infection of chimpanzees with genetically engineered S-gene mutants of hepatitis B virus. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Victoria Infirm, Dis Reference Lab, Fairfield, Vic, Australia. Hannover Med Sch, Hannover, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 601 BP 313A EP 313A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301700583 ER PT J AU Klein, EG Leyden, W Murphy, R Terrault, N Reingold, A Bell, B Manos, MM AF Klein, EG Leyden, W Murphy, R Terrault, N Reingold, A Bell, B Manos, MM TI Correlates of current drinking and alternative therapy use in patients with hepatitis C disease. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 1584 BP 559A EP 559A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301701567 ER PT J AU Shouval, D Ashur, Y Victor, J Monto, A Bell, B Margolis, H Adler, R Nainan, O Daudi, N Almogi, R Leventhal, A AF Shouval, D Ashur, Y Victor, J Monto, A Bell, B Margolis, H Adler, R Nainan, O Daudi, N Almogi, R Leventhal, A TI Universal vaccination against hepatitis A in 18 month old babies is leading to disappearance of hepatitis A in Jerusalem: Preliminary results. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Hadassah Univ Hosp, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 1943 BP 649A EP 649A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301701925 ER PT J AU Gibb, HJ Checkoway, H Stayner, L AF Gibb, HJ Checkoway, H Stayner, L TI Improving risk assessment: Priorities for epidemiologic research SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; epidemiology; statistical models; dose modeling; dose-response ID MEASUREMENT ERROR; EXPOSURE; HAZARDS; CANCER AB The Epidemiology Work Group at the Workshop on Future Research for Improving Risk Assessment Methods, Of Mice, Men, and Models, held August 16 to 18, 2000, at Snowmass Village, Aspen, Colorado, concluded that in order to improve the utility of epidemiologic studies for risk assessment, methodologic research is needed in the following areas: (1) aspects of epidemiologic study designs that affect dose-response estimation; (2) alternative methods for estimating dose in human studies; and (3) refined methods for dose-response modeling for epidemiologic data. Needed research in aspects of epidemiologic study design includes recognition and control of study biases, identification of susceptible subpopulations, choice of exposure metrics, and choice of epidemiologic risk parameters. Much of this research can be done with existing data. Research needed to improve determinants of dose in human studies includes additional individual-level data (e.g., diet, co-morbidity), development of more extensive human data for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) dose modeling, tissue registries to increase the availability of tissue for studies of exposure/dose and susceptibility biomarkers, and biomarker data to assess exposures in humans and animals. Research needed on dose-response modeling of human studies includes more widespread application of flexible statistical methods (e.g., general additive models), development of methods to compensate for epidemiologic bias in dose-response models, improved biological models using human data, and evaluation of the benchmark dose using human data. There was consensus among the Work Group that, whereas most prior risk assessments have focused on cancer, there is a growing need for applications to other health outcomes. Developmental and reproductive effects, injuries, respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease were identified as especially high priorities for research. It was also a consensus view that epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, and other scientists focusing on human data need to play a stronger role throughout the risk assessment process. Finally, the group agreed that there was a need to improve risk communication, particularly on uncertainty inherent in risk assessments that use epidemiologic data. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Gibb, HJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment 8601D, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1397 EP 1404 DI 10.1080/20028091057420 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612VB UT WOS:000179095200015 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Andersen, M Bogdanffy, MS Dankovic, D Faustman, E Foster, P Frederick, C Haber, L Kimmel, CA Lewis, S McClellan, R Melnick, R Mirer, F Morgan, K Schaeffer, V Silbergeld, E Slikker, W Swenberg, J Vainio, H AF Toraason, M Andersen, M Bogdanffy, MS Dankovic, D Faustman, E Foster, P Frederick, C Haber, L Kimmel, CA Lewis, S McClellan, R Melnick, R Mirer, F Morgan, K Schaeffer, V Silbergeld, E Slikker, W Swenberg, J Vainio, H TI Improving risk assessment: Toxicological research needs SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE susceptibility; life stages; pharmacokinetics; dose response; exposure assessment; genomics ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BREAST-MILK; LUNG-CANCER; EXPOSURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPRESSION; HEALTH; CYP1A1; POLYMORPHISMS AB A workshop convened to define research needs in toxicology identified several deficiencies in data and methods currently applied in risk assessment. The workshop panel noted that improving the link between chemical exposure and toxicological response requires a better understanding of the biological basis for inter- and intra-human variability and susceptibility. This understanding will not be complete unless all life stages are taken into consideration. Because animal studies serve as a foundation for toxicological assessment, proper accounting for cross-species extrapolation is essential. To achieve this, adjustments for dose-rate effects must be improved, which will aid in extrapolating toxicological responses to low doses and from short-term exposures. Success depends on greater use of validated biologically based dose-response models that include pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. Research in these areas will help define uncertainty factors and reduce reliance on underlying default assumptions. Throughout the workshop the panel recognized that biomedical science and toxicology in particular is on the verge of a revolution because of advances in genomics and proteomics. Data from these high-output technologies are anticipated to greatly improve risk assessment by enabling scientists to better define and model the elements of the relationship between exposure to biological hazards and health risks in populations with differing susceptibilities. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Newark, DE 19714 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rohm & Haas Co, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Exxon Mobile, Annandale, NJ USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. UAW, Int Union, Detroit, MI USA. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. US FDA, Jefferson, AR USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH, MSc23,C23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mtoraason@cdc.gov OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1419 DI 10.1080/20028091057439 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 612VB UT WOS:000179095200016 ER PT J AU Masalova, O Lakina, EI Abdulmedzhidova, AG Atanadze, SN Semiletov, YA Shkurko, TV Burkov, AN Ulanova, TI Pimenov, VK Novikov, VV Khudyakov, YE Fields, H Kushch, AA AF Masalova, O Lakina, EI Abdulmedzhidova, AG Atanadze, SN Semiletov, YA Shkurko, TV Burkov, AN Ulanova, TI Pimenov, VK Novikov, VV Khudyakov, YE Fields, H Kushch, AA TI Characterization of monoclonal antibodies and epitope mapping of the NS4 protein of hepatitis C virus SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; NS4 protein; monoclonal antibodies; epitope mapping ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LIVER-TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; INFECTED PATIENTS; NS-4 REGION; DRUG-USERS; ANTIGENS; RNA AB Recombinant DNA containing sequences of HCV NS4 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Six hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to recombinant NS4 protein (rNS4), aa 1677-1756, were developed. Mapping with a panel of 33 peptides and reciprocal competitive EIA have shown that MAB obtained revealed five antigen determinants, not described earlier: MAB 31711 and 3F12-one genotype-independent epitope of NS4A (aa 1700-1707) common for genotypes 1, 2 and 3; MAB I D I I-genotype-independent epitope (aa 1713-1728) and MAB I 133-genotype (subtype I b)-specific epitope of NS4B (aa 1711-1731); MAB 6B11 and Cl-two conformation-dependent determinants in 5-1-1 region. These data indicate that the 5-1-1 region of NS4 protein has a complex antigenic structure and contains at least eight epitopes, including five, revealed in the present work. MAB obtained recognized native viral protein in the cytoplasm of liver cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C. The positive rates of the immunostaining for NS4 antigen using MAB 6B11, 1D11 and 31712 were 64, 59 and 50%, respectively. It was found that 6B11 MAB to a conformation-dependent epitope much more actively interacts with native NS4 than with the recombinant protein to which MAB was developed. The epitope recognized by 6B I I MAB is highly immunogenic since it induces the B-cell response in all patients investigated with identified anti-NS4 antibodies in blood serum. The MAB panel obtained in this study may become a useful tool for the diagnostic purposes, for the investigation of NS4B function and for the host-viral interactions at the cell level. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Moscow 123098, Russia. Ctr Dis Control, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, Nizhnii Novgorod 603022, Russia. NPO Diagnost Syst, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. RP Kushch, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Med Sci, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Gamaleya Str 16, Moscow 123098, Russia. RI Novikov, Viktor /J-4444-2013; OI Novikov, Viktor /0000-0002-2449-7213; masalova, olga/0000-0001-5571-5669 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 83 IS 3 BP 187 EP 196 AR PII S0165-2478(02)0081-0 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(02)00081-0 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 600CF UT WOS:000178372500007 PM 12095709 ER PT J AU Ijaz, K Castro, KG AF Ijaz, K Castro, KG TI Pediatric tuberculosis: All in the family? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ijaz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 10 BP 562 EP 563 DI 10.1086/501970 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 604FE UT WOS:000178605200002 PM 12400882 ER PT J AU Fundyga, RE Lott, TJ Arnold, J AF Fundyga, Ruth E. Lott, Timothy J. Arnold, Jonathan TI Population structure of Candida albicans, a member of the human flora, as determined by microsatellite loci SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Candida albicans; Bloodstream; Population genetics; Microsatellites; Migration AB This study examines the macrogeographic population structure of Candida albicans, a yeast commensal of humans, through a population genetic analysis of 5 microsatellite loci in 13 cities. The populations were predominantly clonal with some recombination. About 5% of the genetic variation is between populations and the overall pattern is one of intermediate differentiation. We did not find a single widespread genotype but instead found high, macrogeographic gene flow in these clinical populations; the most common genotype was limited to Atlanta and San Francisco. Homogeneity is evident within large geographic regions, such as Europe, Asia, and the USA, and isolation by distance accounted for 39% of the variation observed. Overall gene flow for a member of the human flora is variable but can be extensive, with an average of 4.5 migrants per generation (N-m). Eastern hemisphere populations were less divergent than those of the Americas and Caribbean, consistent with the expansion of humans out of the eastern hemisphere. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fundyga, Ruth E.; Arnold, Jonathan] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fundyga, Ruth E.; Lott, Timothy J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fundyga, RE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rbf9@cdc.gov FU University of Georgia Fellowship; National Institutes of Health [T32-AI-07373]; National Science Foundation [MCB-9630910] FX We thank the following persons for their generous gifts of isolates: O.P de Almeida, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Maeve Coogan, Z.U. Khan, Paul Levett, Axel Lischewski, M. Louw, Peter Muller-Uri, Julian Naglik, Elisabeth Presterl, Lars Vorland and Xu Yanying. Sequence data for C. albicans was obtained from the Stanford Genome Technology Center website at http://www-sequence.stanford.edu/group/candida. Sequencing of C. albicans was accomplished with the support of the NIDR and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. We thank John Avise, Sarah Covert, Paul Peteet, Daniel Promislow, and anonymous reviewers for their comments. Brian Holloway and Nikhat Sullaiman, of the Centers for Disease Control Biotechnology Facility, provided technical assistance. REF was supported by a University of Georgia Fellowship and a Training Grant in Molecular and Cellular Mycology (T32-AI-07373) from the National Institutes of Health. JA was supported by grant MCB-9630910 from the National Science Foundation. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S1567-1348(02)00088-6 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30OI UT WOS:000208824900007 PM 12798001 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR AF Frieden, TR TI Can tuberculosis be controlled? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE tuberculosis; short-course chemotherapy; disease control; burden of disease ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; IMPACT; CHEMOTHERAPY; TRANSMISSION AB Background Tuberculosis (TB) is nearly 100% curable. However, the ability of medical and public health interventions to control TB, particularly in developing countries, is often doubted Methods We reviewed data for the amenability of TB to control. We considered separately control of deaths, prevalence, rate of infection and incidence. Results Tuberculosis mortality can be reduced by more than 80% in less than 5 years. The prevalence of TB can be reduced by 30% or more annually; sustained annual decreases of 17% have been documented in a developing country. The TB infection rate can be reduced by 15% annually. In the absence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), TB incidence can be decreased by as much as 25% per year and up to 10% annually in developing countries. A high prevalence of untreated HIV infection in the adult population of a developing country will inevitably result in a significant increase in TB incidence despite optimal use of currently available technologies. Conclusions Tuberculosis can be controlled if appropriate policies are followed, effective clinical and public health management is ensured, and there are committed and co-ordinated efforts from within and outside the health sector. However, in the context of a large epidemic of AIDS, TB incidence will inevitably increase. By 2001, less than 30% of global TB cases were reported to have received effective diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Rapid expansion of effective TB control services is urgently required, both to avert the continued high burden of morbidity and mortality from TB and because of the HIV pandemic. C1 WHO, Reg Off SE Asia, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), Dept Hlth, 125 Worth St,CN28,Room 331, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 894 EP 899 DI 10.1093/ije/31.5.894 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 621MM UT WOS:000179593600002 PM 12435756 ER PT J AU Uzicanin, A Eggers, R Webb, E Harris, B Durrheim, D Ogunbanjo, G Isaacs, V Hawkridge, A Biellik, R Strebel, P AF Uzicanin, A Eggers, R Webb, E Harris, B Durrheim, D Ogunbanjo, G Isaacs, V Hawkridge, A Biellik, R Strebel, P TI Impact of the 1996-1997 supplementary measles vaccination campaigns in South Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles; vaccination; South Africa ID SURVEILLANCE; ELIMINATION; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC AB Background In South Africa, as part of an effort to eliminate indigenous measles by 2002, vaccination campaigns were conducted in 1996-1997 targeting all children aged 9 months to 14 years; coverage was estimated at 85%. The impact of the campaigns on measles disease burden was evaluated in 1999. Methods We analysed routine measles surveillance data and undertook a retrospective review of hospital registers in two of South Africa's nine provinces. Results In Mpumalanga in the pre-campaign years (1992-1996), 4498 measles cases and 6 deaths were reported; 182 cases and no deaths were reported in 1997-1998. Hospital registers showed 1647 measles hospitalizations and 11 deaths in the pre-campaign period, and 60 hospitalizations and no deaths after the campaign (1997-April 1999). In Western Cape in pre-campaign years (1992-1997), 5164 measles cases and 19 deaths were reported; 132 cases and no deaths were reported in 1998. Hospital registers showed 736 measles hospitalizations and 23 deaths in the pre-campaign period, and 29 measles hospitalizations and no deaths post-campaign (1998-July 1999). Conclusions Study findings indicate that reported measles cases, measles-related hospitalizations and deaths were considerably reduced in both provinces after the campaign compared with the pre-campaign period. Longer observation is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of the campaigns. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Pretoria, South Africa. Mpumalanga Dept Hlth, Nelspruit, South Africa. Dept Family Med & Primary Hlth Care, Pretoria, South Africa. Western Cape Dept Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Uzicanin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 968 EP 976 DI 10.1093/ije/31.5.968 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 621MM UT WOS:000179593600015 PM 12435769 ER PT J AU da Silveira, CM Kmetzsch, CI Mohrdieck, R Sperb, AF Prevots, DR AF da Silveira, CM Kmetzsch, CI Mohrdieck, R Sperb, AF Prevots, DR TI The risk of aseptic meningitis associated with the Leningrad-Zagreb mumps vaccine strain following mass vaccination with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1997 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mumps vaccine; aseptic meningitis; mass vaccination; outbreak ID AMERICA AB Background Few data are available on the risk of aseptic meningitis following vaccination with the Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Z) strain of mumps vaccine. In 1997 the mumps vaccine was introduced into the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil through mass vaccination with mumps-measles-rubella (MMR), targeting children aged 1-11 years. Five municipalities used exclusively MMR vaccine containing the L-Z strain of mumps. An outbreak of aseptic meningitis was observed shortly after the mass campaign. Methods To estimate the risk of aseptic meningitis associated with this strain, we analysed vaccination and meningitis case surveillance data from the selected municipalities. A case of vaccine-associated aseptic meningitis was defined as one with a pleocytosis of 10-1500 leukocytes/ml and occurring within 15-35 days after vaccine receipt. Results We estimated a risk of 2.9 cases per 10 000 doses of L-Z administered, equivalent to 1 case per 3390 doses administered. The overall risk of aseptic meningitis following the campaign was increased 12.2-fold (95% CI: 6.0-24.7) compared with the same period in 1995-1996. Following the mass campaign, the incidence of mumps declined 93% during 1998-2000. Conclusions Vaccination with the L-Z strain of mumps vaccine as part of a mass campaign was associated with a significantly increased risk of aseptic meningitis. Decisions about type of mumps vaccine and mumps vaccination strategies must consider vaccine safety issues in addition to other criteria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rio Grande Sul Hlth Dept, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Prevots, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 978 EP 982 DI 10.1093/ije/31.5.978 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 621MM UT WOS:000179593600017 PM 12435771 ER PT J AU Fullerton, KE Reef, SE AF Fullerton, KE Reef, SE TI Commentary: Ongoing debate over the safety of the different mumps vaccine strains impacts mumps disease control SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; MEASLES; RUBELLA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fullerton, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 983 EP 984 DI 10.1093/ije/31.5.983 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 621MM UT WOS:000179593600018 PM 12435772 ER PT J AU Henneberger, PK Hoffman, CD Magid, DJ Lyons, EE AF Henneberger, PK Hoffman, CD Magid, DJ Lyons, EE TI Work-related exacerbation of asthma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE asthma; workplace exacerbation; industry ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; UNITED-KINGDOM; POPULATION; RISK; DISABILITY; COMMUNITY; HISTORY; ADULTS; FLOW C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Colorado Permanente Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Henneberger, PK (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 609TU UT WOS:000178921300001 PM 12412844 ER PT J AU Park, RM AF Park, RM TI Hazard identification in occupational injury: Reflections on standard epidemiologic methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE automation hazard; injury etiology; injury exposure; injury rates; injury risk factors; forklift trucks; workplace fatalities ID DENVER-INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; ACUTE TRAUMATIC INJURIES; LADDER FALL ACCIDENTS; WORK-RELATED INJURIES; UNITED-STATES; WASHINGTON-STATE; CONSTRUCTION; RISK; FATALITIES; CLASSIFICATION AB To prevent workplace injuries, epidemiologic research must continue to progress beyond methods originally used for acute or chronic diseases. For injury research, exposure assessment requires increased sophistication because exposures comprise multiple, transient factors and complex work activities. Frequently reported risk factors such as age, gender, seniority, or prior injury are often confounders or effect-modifiers of unknown exposures. Injury rate calculations across nominal categories, e.g., department or job classification, identify where hazards are concentrated but provide little insight into their nature; injury counts often perform almost as well. Calculation of rates in relation to time actually spent in plausible etiologic exposure conditions usually is not feasible. Generalization of the Haddon approach for individual injury events to systematically analyze injury case series can identify both the mechanism of injury and the relative occurrences of high-risk conditions. In some contexts, case-crossover designs may elucidate injury causation. National databases and information systems of employers, insurers, and equipment suppliers could contribute case series for injury hazard identification. By enhancing exposure assessment through a focus on case series, epidemiologic research can expand its contribution to preventing workplace injuries. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, C-15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 354 EP 362 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 609TU UT WOS:000178921300011 PM 12412854 ER PT J AU Kenyon, TA Creek, T Laserson, K Makhoa, M Chimidza, N Mwasekaga, M Tappero, J Lockman, S Moeti, T Binkin, N AF Kenyon, TA Creek, T Laserson, K Makhoa, M Chimidza, N Mwasekaga, M Tappero, J Lockman, S Moeti, T Binkin, N TI Risk factors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from HIV-infected tuberculosis patients, Botswana SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; epidemiology; children; women; HIV; CD4; Botswana ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; OUTCOMES; OUTBREAK; CONTACTS; IMPACT; ZAMBIA; MALAWI AB OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Botswana. DESIGN: Transmission was studied in 210 children aged <10 years (contacts) of unknown HIV status exposed to 51 adults with tuberculosis (index cases), including 41/49 (83.7%) with HIV infection. METHODS: Data collected on index cases included demographics, clinical and social characteristics, sputum, HIV, and CD4 lymphocyte results. Tuberculin skin testing was performed on contacts, and their parent or guardian was interviewed. A positive test was defined as greater than or equal to10 mm induration. Skin test results were compared with results obtained from a population survey of children of similar age from the same community. RESULTS: A positive skin test was found in 12.1% of exposed children compared with 6.2% in the community (P = 0.005). Of the infected children, 22 (78.6%) were contacts of a close female relative. The risk of transmission increased with the degree of sputum smear positivity for acid-fast bacilli among female index cases (10.8% if smear 0+, 9.3% if smear 1+, 29.4% if smear 2+, 44% if smear 3+, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, severe immunodeficiency (CD4 lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm(3)) among HIV-infected index cases was protective against transmission (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.5, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The intensity of exposure to tuberculosis patients and the degree of sputum smear positivity for acid-fast bacilli remain important risk factors for transmission of M. tuberculosis during the era of HIV. However, tuberculosis patients with advanced AIDS may be less infectious than patients in earlier stages of AIDS. C1 BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Botswana, Dept Nursing, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, Natl TB Reference Lab, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, Epidemiol Unit, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Kenyon, TA (reprint author), Amer Embassy Gaborone, Dept State, 2170 Gaborone Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 6 IS 10 BP 843 EP 850 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 597NF UT WOS:000178227100001 PM 12365569 ER PT J AU Miller, AC Butler, WR McInnis, B Boutotte, J Etkind, S Sharnprapai, S Bernardo, J Driscoll, J McGarry, M Crawford, JT Nardell, E AF Miller, AC Butler, WR McInnis, B Boutotte, J Etkind, S Sharnprapai, S Bernardo, J Driscoll, J McGarry, M Crawford, JT Nardell, E TI Clonal relationships in a shelter-associated outbreak of drug-resistant tuberculosis: 1983-1997 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; molecular epidemiology; homeless persons; restriction fragment length polymorphism; mixed-linker polymerase chain reaction molecular; typing ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BOSTON HOMELESS; COMPLEX AB SETTING: An outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and streptomycin (HS-resistant) was documented in Boston's homeless population in 1984. Isolate relatedness was confirmed at the time by phage typing. In the late 1990s, cases of HS-resistant tuberculosis in the homeless were also documented, confirmed by RFLP typing using IS6110. None of the phage typed isolates from the 1980s were viable for performing RFLP analysis. We attempted to determine, using mixed-linker PCR (M-L PCR) fingerprinting, whether or not these cases were all due to the same strain of M. tuberculosis. DESIGN: Isolates from 10 HS-resistant patients-four non-viable isolates from the 1980s and six viable isolates from 1996-1997-were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for M-L PCR fingerprinting. These results were combined with record reviews of older cases and an ongoing epidemiologic investigation. RESULTS: Eight of 10 of the isolates were clonal, and the other two were strongly suspected matches. Epidemiologic investigation determined that transmission continued to occur after the initial outbreak in 19841985, and that a streptomycin-monoresistant variant of the strain was also circulating. CONCLUSION: M-L PCR fingerprinting combined with epidemiology was able to document links between cases across 15 years. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div TB Prevent & Control, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Boston Publ Hlth Commiss TB Div, Boston, MA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge Hosp, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sharnprapai, S (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div TB Prevent & Control, 305 South S, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U52/CCU100156] NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 6 IS 10 BP 872 EP 878 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 597NF UT WOS:000178227100005 PM 12365573 ER PT J AU Quan, VM Steketee, RW Valleroy, L Weinstock, H Karon, J Janssen, R AF Quan, VM Steketee, RW Valleroy, L Weinstock, H Karon, J Janssen, R TI HIV incidence in the United States, 1978-1999 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; incidence; seroconversion; prevalence; surveillance; epidemiology; gay men; injection drug users; heterosexuals; United States ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS; REPEAT ANONYMOUS TESTERS; ARMY RESERVE COMPONENTS; VACCINE EFFICACY TRIALS; HOMOSEXUAL BISEXUAL MEN; OUT-OF-TREATMENT; SAN-FRANCISCO AB Context: HIV incidence measurements, which reflect recent or current transmission, are valuable for monitoring the epidemic and evaluating prevention programs. Objectives: To summarize HIV incidence patterns and trends in U.S. population groups. Data Sources: Publications in English from 1980 through mid-2000. Study Selection and Statistical Methods: We searched the literature for reports of HIV incidence in the United States. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing was used to generate smooth curves to estimate trends in incidence. Spearman rank correlation was used to estimate the correlation coefficient between prevalence and incidence. Data Synthesis: In 74 eligible reports, HIV incidence varied widely (0.002-19.8 per 100 person-years [py]) depending on risk group. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV incidence peaked in the early 1980s (5-20/100 py) and then declined but remained high during the 1990s (2-4/100 py). Among injection drug users (IDUs), incidence decreased since the mid-1980s but differed by geographic area; in the 1990s, incidence remained high in the East (1-3/100 py) but was lower in the West (<0.5/100 py). Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, incidence was low and stable in broader populations (blood donors: <0.01/100 py; military personnel: 0.01-0.07/100 py). The correlation between HIV incidence and prevalence was strong in populations with a prevalence less than 1% (r = 0.94, p <.0001), moderate in populations with a prevalence from 1% to less than 10% (r = 0.57, p <.0001), and weak in populations with a prevalence at least 10% (r =.0.23, p =.09). Conclusions: HIV prevention in the United States should continue to focus on MSM and IDUs. HIV incidence measurements should be considered for monitoring HIV transmission in MSM, IDUs, and other populations in which seroprevalence is high. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quan, VM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 95 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 188 EP 201 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000026543.53543.EC PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 609CF UT WOS:000178884500010 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE Lehman, JS Lansky, A Stevens, MR Hecht, FM Bindman, AB Wortley, PM AF Kellerman, SE Lehman, JS Lansky, A Stevens, MR Hecht, FM Bindman, AB Wortley, PM TI HIV testing within at-risk populations in the United States and the reasons for seeking or avoiding HIV testing SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS counseling and testing; HIV/AIDS perceptions; HIV/AIDS attitudes; HIV/AIDS prevention ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS BEHAVIORAL SURVEYS; CD4 CELL COUNTS; CUBIC MILLIMETER; CONTROLLED TRIAL; YOUNG MEN; INFECTION; GAY; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC AB Objectives: We determined proportions of high-risk persons tested for HIV, the reasons for testing and not testing, and attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV testing, information that is critical for planning prevention programs. Methods: Cross-sectional interview study of persons at high risk for HIV infection (men who have sex with men [MSM]; injection drug users [IDUs]; and heterosexual persons recruited from gay bars, street outreach, and sexually transmitted disease clinics) among six states participating in the HIV Testing Survey (HITS) in 1995 to 1996 (HITS-I) and 1998 to 1999 (HITS-II). Results: Overall testing rates were lower in the HITS-I (1226/1599 [77%]) than in the HITS-II (1375/1711 [80%]) (p =.01). Persons <25 years old tested less frequently than those greater than or equal to25 years old (HITS-I: 71% vs. 78%, respectively, p =.007; HITS-II: 63% vs. 85%, respectively, p <.001). The main reasons for testing and not testing were the same in both surveys, but the proportions of reasons for not testing differed (e.g., "unlikely exposed to HIV" [HITS-I (17%) vs. HITS-II (30%), p <.0001], "afraid of finding out HIV-positive" [HITS-I (27%) vs. HITS-II (18%), p <.0001]). Attitudes regarding HIV testing differed among tested and untested respondents, especially among MSM. Conclusions: HIV testing rates were higher in the HITS-II, but testing rates decreased among the youngest respondents. Denial of HIV risk factors and fear of being HIV-positive were the principal reasons for not being tested. Availability of new HIV therapies may have contributed to decreased fear of finding out that one is HIV infected as a reason to avoid testing. The increased proportion of persons at risk who did not test because they believed they were unlikely to have been exposed highlights the need for prevention efforts to address risk perceptions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Posit Hlth Program, HIV Sect, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Surveillance Branch, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 3 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000024005.76120.97 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 609CF UT WOS:000178884500011 PM 12394799 ER PT J AU Santelli, J Rogers, AS AF Santelli, J Rogers, AS TI Parental permission, passive consent, and "children" in research SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Santelli, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 303 EP 304 AR PII S1054-139X(02)00443-3 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00443-3 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 599EF UT WOS:000178320600002 PM 12359374 ER PT J AU Kann, L Brener, ND Warren, CW Collins, JL Giovino, GA AF Kann, L Brener, ND Warren, CW Collins, JL Giovino, GA TI An assessment of the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence of health risk behaviors among adolescents SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescent behavior; data collection; health behavior; health surveys; questionnaires ID DRUG-USE; ALCOHOL; TOBACCO AB Purpose: To examine the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence of priority health risk behaviors among adolescents. Methods: Analyses were conducted using data from two national probability surveys of adolescents, the 1993 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the 1992 household-based National Health Interview Survey (NHIS/YRBS). Forty-two items were worded identically on both surveys. Results: Thirty-nine of the 42 identically worded items (93%) showed that the YRBS produced estimates indicating higher risk than the NHIS. Twenty-four of these comparisons yielded statistically significant differences. The prevalence estimates affected most were those for behaviors that are either illegal or socially stigmatized. Conclusions: School-based surveys produce higher prevalence estimates for adolescent health risk behaviors than do household-based surveys. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and both can play a role in assessing these behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Kann, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lkk1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 327 EP 335 AR PII S1054-139X(02)00343-9 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00343-9 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 599EF UT WOS:000178320600006 PM 12359378 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Kann, L McManus, T Kinchen, SA Sundberg, EC Ross, JG AF Brener, ND Kann, L McManus, T Kinchen, SA Sundberg, EC Ross, JG TI Reliability of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescence; data collection; health surveys; psychometrics ID SELF-REPORTS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DRUG-USE; RANDOMIZED-RESPONSE; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; BOGUS PIPELINE; ADOLESCENTS; VALIDITY AB Purpose: To assess the test-retest reliability of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire. Methods: A sample of 4619 male and female high school students from white, black, Hispanic, and other racial/ethnic groups completed the YRBS questionnaire on two occasions approximately two weeks apart. The questionnaire assesses a broad range of health risk behaviors. This study used a protocol that maintained anonymity yet allowed matching of Time-1 and Time-2 responses. The authors computed a kappa statistic for the 72 items measuring health risk behaviors, and compared group prevalence estimates at the two testing occasions. Results: Kappas ranged from 23.6% to 90.5%, with a mean of 60.7% and a median of 60.0%. Kappas did not differ by gender, grade, or race/ethnicity of the respondent. About one in five items (22.2%) had significantly different prevalence estimates at Time 1 vs. Time 2. Ten items, or 13.9%, had both kappas below 61% and significantly different Time-1 and Time-2 prevalence estimates. Conclusions: Overall, students appeared to report health risk behaviors reliably over time, but several items need to be examined further to determine whether they should be revised or deleted in future versions of the YRBS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Marco Int Inc, ORC Macro, Calverton, MD USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 478 Z9 514 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 336 EP 342 AR PII S1054-139X(02)00339-7 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00339-7 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 599EF UT WOS:000178320600007 PM 12359379 ER PT J AU Zeaiter, Z Liang, ZX Raoult, D AF Zeaiter, Z Liang, ZX Raoult, D TI Genetic classification and differentiation of Bartonella species based on comparison of partial ftsZ gene sequences SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; INTERGENIC SPACER REGIONS; VINSONII SUBSP BERKHOFFII; DIVISION PROTEIN FTSZ; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SP. NOV.; HENSELAE VARIANTS; DOMESTIC CATS; COMB-NOV AB Currently, 19 species are recognized in the genus Bartonella, 7 of which are involved in an increasing variety of human diseases. Development of molecular tools for detection, identification, and subtyping of strains and isolates has promoted research on Bartonella spp. We amplified and sequenced the portion of the ftsZ gene encoding the N-terminal region of the cell division protein for 13 Bartonella species: Bartonella alsatica, B. birtlesii, B. doshiae, B. elizabethae, B. grahami, B. koehlerae, B. schoenbuchensis, B. taylorii, B. tribocorum, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. vinsonii, and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii B. bovis Bermond et al.("B. weissii"). Phylogenetically derived trees revealed four statistically supported groups, indicating that sequencing of the ftsZ gene is a useful tool for identifying evolutionary relationships among Bartonella species. Furthermore, we amplified and sequenced the portion of the ftsZ gene encoding the C-terminal region of the protein for 4 B. bacilliformis isolates, 14 B. clarridgeiae isolates, 14 B. quintana isolates, and 30 B. henselae isolates that were obtained from different geographic regions, hosts, and clinical specimens. B. clarridgeiae and B. quintana sequences were highly conserved, while those of the four B. bacilliformis isolates differed from the type strain at 5 positions. Among B. henselae strains isolated from cats and patients, only two genotypes were detected: Houston and Marseille. Among 80 clinical samples we detected Bartonella spp. in 35 (43.75%) and found the assay to be comparable to that of a combined intergenic-spacer-region- and pap31-based PCR assay. Our results show the usefulness of the portion of the ftsZ gene encoding the C-terminal region for diagnosis of Bartonella infections. More samples should be tested to study its usefulness for epidemiological investigations. C1 CNRS, UPRES A 6020, Unite Rickettsies, Fac Med, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Raoult, D (reprint author), CNRS, UPRES A 6020, Unite Rickettsies, Fac Med, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. NR 56 TC 63 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3641 EP 3647 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.10.3641-3647.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600MP UT WOS:000178394800015 PM 12354859 ER PT J AU Dicuonzo, G Gherardi, G Gertz, RE D'Ambrosio, F Goglio, A Lorino, G Recchia, S Pantosti, A Beall, B AF Dicuonzo, G Gherardi, G Gertz, RE D'Ambrosio, F Goglio, A Lorino, G Recchia, S Pantosti, A Beall, B TI Genotypes of invasive pneumococcal isolates recently recovered from Italian patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PSPA SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; CLONES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; GENES AB We examined 73 recent invasive pneumococcal isolates within selected areas of Italy for genotypic variability. Thirty-three genomic macrorestriction types were found, three of which represented multiple serotypes. Restriction fragment patterns of pbp2b,pbp2x, and pspA were conserved within the majority of isolates that shared macrorestriction types. Of the nine macrorestriction types found among the 22 penicillin-non susceptible Streptococus pneumoniae (PNSP) isolates, seven comprised isolates with allelic profiles showing five to seven allelic matches to profiles in the multilocus sequence typing database (www.mlst.net); however, three of the seven profiles represented serotypes not previously associated with these clonal clusters. Two PNSP macrorestriction types represented new clones with unique allelic profiles. Allelic profiles obtained from isolates of 3 of the 25 macrorestriction types found among the 51 penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP) isolates were closely related to previously described profiles. One PSSP isolate was a novel type 24F isolate related to the multiresistant clone France(9V)-3. This work reports new PNSP strains and new serotype-clone associations. C1 Univ Campus Bio Med, Dipartimento Med Lab & Microbiol, I-00155 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, Lab Batteriol & Micol Med, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Microbiol Lab, Rome, Italy. Osped Riuniti Bergamo, Microbiol Lab, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dicuonzo, G (reprint author), Univ Campus Bio Med, Dipartimento Med Lab & Microbiol, Via Emilio Longoni 47, I-00155 Rome, Italy. RI D'AMBROSIO, FABIO/C-8814-2016; Pantosti, Annalisa/A-7291-2013; OI Gherardi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6010-3157 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3660 EP 3665 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.10.3660-3665.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600MP UT WOS:000178394800018 PM 12354862 ER PT J AU O'Hara, CM Miller, JM AF O'Hara, CM Miller, JM TI Ability of the MicroScan Rapid gram-negative ID type 3 panel to identify nonenteric glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTOSCAN-W/A; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; BACTERIA; SYSTEMS AB The MicroScan Rapid Neg ID3 panel is designed for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae and nonenteric glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. We evaluated this panel for its ability to identify gram-negative non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. A total of 134 strains, representing 26 genera and 42 species, were taken from storage at -70degreesC, passaged three times before testing, and inoculated into the panels according to the manufacturer's directions before being inserted into a Walk/Away 96 instrument loaded with version 22.28 software. At the end of the initial 2.5-h incubation period, 89 isolates (66.4%) were correctly identified at a probability level of greater than or equal to85%. After additional testing recommended by the manufacturer was completed, another 11 isolates (8.2%) were correctly identified at probability levels of greater than or equal to85%. Twenty-five (18.7%) isolates were correctly identified after additional testing, but the probability levels were less than 85%. Two isolates were unidentified, and seven (5.2%) were incorrectly identified. The seven misidentified strains were not concentrated in any one genus. With an accuracy approaching 75%, this product may be used for the identification of the commonly isolated non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria but may present problems in identification of other non-glucose-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Dept Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Hara, CM (reprint author), Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3750 EP 3752 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.10.3750-3752.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600MP UT WOS:000178394800031 PM 12354875 ER PT J AU Madison, B Gross, W George, I Sloutsky, A Washabaugh, G Robinson-Dunn, B Lipman, H Metchock, B Mazurek, G Ridderhof, J AF Madison, B Gross, W George, I Sloutsky, A Washabaugh, G Robinson-Dunn, B Lipman, H Metchock, B Mazurek, G Ridderhof, J TI Multicenter evaluation of a nonweekend reading schedule for radiometric pyrazinamide susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNCA MUTATIONS; RESISTANCE AB Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an integral component of the short-course chemotherapy regimen for tuberculosis. The BACTEC 460TB PZA susceptibility test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a daily (D) reading schedule has been available for more than 10 years, but weekend laboratory staffing is necessary. A nonweekend (NW) reading schedule has not been validated in a multicenter study. This prospective multicenter study compares the interlaboratory reproducibility of PZA susceptibility results by following both the D and NW schedules. A total of 181 cultures were shared among four laboratories. Isolates were selected based on resistance or borderline resistance to at least one streptomycin-isoniazid-rifampin-ethambutol drug or PZA. One laboratory used a D reading schedule, and three laboratories used a NW schedule. Both reading schedules are based on the standard BACTEC 460TB PZA protocol. With the NW schedule, the growth index (GI) is not available for test interpretation on Saturday, Sunday, and Monday. Of the 181 shared cultures, 154 were found to be susceptible by all laboratories, 19 were found to be resistant, and 8 had discordant results. The overall pairwise interlaboratory agreement was 97.7%. The discrepancies were not associated with the type of reading schedule used. However, the median control GI was significantly higher for the NW schedule (321) than for the D schedule (259) (P < 0.0001) although results were available on average in about 7 days from setup for both schedules. These results show that the NW schedule is a suitable alternative for laboratories that do not read and interpret PZA susceptibility tests on weekends. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30347 USA. Vet Adm TB Reference Lab, West Haven, CT USA. State Lab Inst, Boston, MA USA. San Diego Cty Publ Hlth Lab, San Diego, CA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. RP Madison, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop G-25, Atlanta, GA 30347 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U52/CCU 500499, U52/CCU 900452, U52/CCU 100516] NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3753 EP 3756 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.10.3753-3756.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600MP UT WOS:000178394800032 PM 12354876 ER PT J AU Black, CM Marrazzo, J Johnson, RE Hook, EW Jones, RB Green, TA Schachter, J Stamm, WE Bolan, G Louis, MES Martin, DH AF Black, CM Marrazzo, J Johnson, RE Hook, EW Jones, RB Green, TA Schachter, J Stamm, WE Bolan, G Louis, MES Martin, DH TI Head-to-head multicenter comparison of DNA probe and nucleic acid amplification tests for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women performed with an improved reference standard SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; URINE SPECIMENS; REACTION ASSAY; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; VAGINAL SWABS; VOID URINE; PCR; MEN AB Few evaluations of tests for Chlamydia trachomatis have compared nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) with diagnostic tests other than those by culture. In a five-city study of 3,551 women, we compared the results of commercial ligase chain reaction (LCR) and PCR tests performed on cervical swabs and urine with the results of PACE 2 tests performed on cervical swabs, using independent reference standards that included both cervical swabs and urethral swab-urine specimens. Using cervical culture as a standard, the sensitivities of PACE 2, LCR, and PCR tests with cervical specimens were 78.1, 96.9, and 89.9%, respectively, and the specificities were 99.3, 97.5, and 98.2%, respectively. Using either cervical swab or urine LCR-positive tests as the standard decreased sensitivities to 60.8% for PACE 2 and to 75.8 and 74.9% for PCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Specificities increased to 99.7% for PACE 2 and to 99.7 and 99.4% for PCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Sensitivities with a cervical swab-urine PCR standard were 61.9% for PACE 2 and 85.5 and 80.8% for LCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Specificities were 99.6% for PACE 2 and 99.0 and 98.9% for LCR with cervical swabs and urine, respectively. Cervical swab versus urine differences were significant only for PCR specificities (P = 0.034). Overall, LCR sensitivity exceeded that of PCR, and sensitivities obtained with cervical swabs exceeded those obtained with urine specimens by small amounts. These data have substantiated, using a large multicenter sample and a patient standard, that LCR and PCR tests performed on endocervical swabs and urine are superior to PACE 2 tests for screening C. trachomatis infections in women. In our study, NAATs improved the detection of infected women by 17 to 38% compared to PACE 2. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Black, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C17,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 NR 29 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3757 EP 3763 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.10.3757-3763.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600MP UT WOS:000178394800033 PM 12354877 ER PT J AU Detcheva, A Facklam, RR Beall, B AF Detcheva, A Facklam, RR Beall, B TI Erythromycin-resistant group A streptococcal isolates recovered in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 1995 to 2001 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; MACROLIDE-RESISTANCE; PYOGENES AB The frequency of erythromycin resistance within group A streptococci in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 1995 to 2001 was 2.1% (26 isolates). Of this, 57.7% was macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) inducible, 7.7% was MLS constitutive, and 34.6% had the M phenotype. Eleven different emm sequence types were found among 25 erythromycin-resistant isolates tested. Nineteen of 26 erythromycin-resistant isolates were additionally resistant to tetracycline and/or chloramphenicol. C1 Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Sofia 1504, Bulgaria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Streptococci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Detcheva, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, 26 Yanko Sakazow Blvd, Sofia 1504, Bulgaria. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 3831 EP 3834 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.10.3831-3834.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600MP UT WOS:000178394800048 PM 12354892 ER PT J AU Zimmer, AT AF Zimmer, AT TI The influence of metallurgy on the formation of welding aerosols SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Modern Principles of Air Monitoring (Airmon 2002) CY FEB 03-07, 2002 CL LILLEHAMMER, NORWAY ID EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS; EMISSIONS; PARTICLES AB Recent research has indicated that insoluble ultra ne aerosols (i.e., particles whose physical diameters are less than 100 nm) may cause adverse health effects due to their small size, and that toxicological response may be more appropriately represented by particle number or particle surface area. Unfortunately, current exposure criteria and the associated air-sampling techniques are primarily mass-based. Welding processes are high-temperature operations that generate substantial number concentrations of ultra ne aerosols. Welding aerosols are formed primarily through the nucleation of metal vapors followed by competing growth mechanisms such as coagulation and condensation. Experimental results and mathematical tools are presented to illustrate how welding metallurgy influences the chemical aspects and dynamic processes that initiate and evolve the resultant aerosol. This research suggests that a fundamental understanding of metallurgy and aerosol physics can be exploited to suppress the formation of undesirable chemical species as well as the amount of aerosol generated during a welding process. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Zimmer, AT (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, MS-R3,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 628 EP 632 DI 10.1039/b202337g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609VP UT WOS:000178925800008 PM 12400906 ER PT J AU Grote, AA Kennedy, ER AF Grote, AA Kennedy, ER TI Workplace monitoring for volatile organic compounds using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Modern Principles of Air Monitoring (Airmon 2002) CY FEB 03-07, 2002 CL LILLEHAMMER, NORWAY AB The interest in the identification of volatile organic compounds in the workplace has been a major focus of many National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) field studies. A primary technique for sampling and analysis of these compounds is summarized by NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) 2549. This is a screening method that uses a multi-bed sorbent to trap a wide variety of compounds and compound classes. Thermal desorption techniques are used as a first attempt to characterize potential contaminants in a workplace and to determine what future sampling and analyses must be performed. Field examples are provided to show the versatility of thermal desorption methods and techniques. Due to their sensitivity, thermal desorption tube methods are sometimes required in order to measure the workplace concentrations of unusual compounds. In other situations, the exposures are too high or varied to make thermal desorption tubes practical. In these cases, the identification of contaminants with thermal desorption tubes leads to new method developments for the quanti cation of specific compounds using more conventional solid sorbent solvent desorption based methods. C1 CDCP, Chem Exposure & Monitoring Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Grote, AA (reprint author), CDCP, Chem Exposure & Monitoring Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 679 EP 684 DI 10.1039/b203000b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609VP UT WOS:000178925800016 PM 12400914 ER PT J AU Lucher, LA Reeves, M Hennessy, T Levine, OS Popovic, T Rosenstein, N Parkinson, AJ AF Lucher, LA Reeves, M Hennessy, T Levine, OS Popovic, T Rosenstein, N Parkinson, AJ TI Reemergence, in Southwestern Alaska, of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease due to strains indistinguishable from those isolated from vaccinated children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; AMERICAN-INDIAN CHILDREN; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; OROPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; CONJUGATE VACCINES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; INFANTS AB Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) invasive disease and oropharyngeal carriage continue in rural Alaska despite widespread vaccination. This study investigated whether invasive-disease reemergence during 1996-1997 could be attributed to strains distinguishable from strains carried by vaccinated children. Twenty-four invasive and 42 carriage Hib isolates, collected during 1992-1997, were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and biotyping. This Hib population was highly clonal, since only 2 strains, electrophoretic type (ET) 55/PFGE 1 and ET 56/PFGE 3, accounted for 62% of all isolates. The ET 55/PFGE 1 and ET 56/PFGE 3 strains were found in 74% of the carriers and caused 80% of the invasive Hib disease that occurred during April 1996-March 1997. Strains causing invasive disease could not be distinguished from strains carried by vaccinated children. Continued monitoring of Hib carriage may provide insights into the epidemiology of continued transmission in an era of widespread vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Parkinson, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4011 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 7 BP 958 EP 965 DI 10.1086/342595 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 593KU UT WOS:000177991100010 PM 12232836 ER PT J AU Schwarcz, SK Kellogg, TA McFarland, W Louie, B Klausner, J Withum, DG Katz, MH AF Schwarcz, SK Kellogg, TA McFarland, W Louie, B Klausner, J Withum, DG Katz, MH TI Characterization of sexually transmitted disease clinic patients with recent human immunodeficiency virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO; TESTING STRATEGY; HIV-1 INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; SEX AB The serologic testing algorithm for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion (STARHS) distinguishes between recent acquisition of HIV infection (seroconversion, on average, in the past 129 days) or long-standing infection. STARHS was offered to sexually transmitted disease clinic patients to estimate HIV incidence and determine correlates of recent infection from October 1998 through December 1999. Of the 5227 patients tested, 116 (2.1%) were HIV infected, and 28 had recent infections. The incidence was highest among homosexual men (5.3%/ year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6%-10.0%), those who had HIV-infected partners (8.6%/year; 95% CI, 2.9%-21.1%), and those who had gonorrhea (6.7%/year; 95% CI, 1.5%-20.3%). Among homosexual men, African American (odds ratio [OR], 3.61; 95% CI, 1.13-11.55) or Latino (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.11-8.55) race/ethnicity, and having unprotected anal intercourse (OR, 2.98; 95% CL, 1.20-7.45) or gonorrhea (OR, 3.03 95% CI, 1.07-8.63) predicted the predominance of a recent seroconversion. HIV infections in San Francisco may be shifting from white men who have sex with men to men of color who have sex with men. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Off, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwarcz, SK (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Off, 25 Van Ness,Ste 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU915112-02-3] NR 16 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 7 BP 1019 EP 1022 DI 10.1086/342954 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 593KU UT WOS:000177991100018 PM 12232844 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Arias, I Basile, KC Desai, S AF Thompson, MP Arias, I Basile, KC Desai, S TI The association between childhood physical and sexual victimization and health problems in adulthood in a nationally representative sample of women SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; LONG-TERM SEQUELAE; ADOLESCENT ABUSE; EMOTIONAL ABUSE; NEGLECT; HISTORIES; REVICTIMIZATION; SURVIVORS; COMMUNITY; BEHAVIOR AB The purpose of this investigation virus to test the associations between physical and sexual victimization in childhood with seven measures of health problems in adulthood. Data were gathered from 8,000 women interviewed in the National Violence Against Women Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted from November 1995 to May 1996. Results indicated that both physical and sexual victimization in childhood it-ere significantly associated with poor perceptions of general health, sustaining a serious injury acquiring a mental health condition, using drugs, and using alcohol daily in adulthood. Women who experienced both physical and sexual victimization as children were at increased risk of health problems in adulthood compared with women who experienced only one type of victimization. These associations could not be attributed to victim demographics or to revictimization in adulthood. Results suggest that intervening with child abuse victims at an early stage may reduce children's likelihood of developing long-term health problems. C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 511 Edwards Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 43 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1115 EP 1129 DI 10.1177/088626002236663 PG 15 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 592AD UT WOS:000177913800006 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Rudolph, D Schols, D Fujii, N Yamamoto, N Lal, RB AF Owen, SM Rudolph, D Schols, D Fujii, N Yamamoto, N Lal, RB TI Susceptibility of diverse primary HIV isolates with varying co-receptor specificity's to CXCR4 antagonistic compounds SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; coreceptor; CXCR4; antagonist ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SMALL-MOLECULE; VIRAL ENTRY; INHIBITORY MECHANISM; MULTIPLE CORECEPTORS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; REPLICATION; INFECTION; STRAINS; POTENT AB The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are an obvious target for HIV therapies. Two compounds, T-22 and AMD-3100, have been shown to inhibit infection of CXCR4-using HIV-1 isolates. The specificity of T-22 and AMD-3100 was further confirmed by their ability to blockentry of HIV-1 in GHOST-CXCR4transfected cells with no effect on viral entry in the GHOST-CCR5 cells. The ability of T-22 to block replication of diverse HIV-1 isolates (group M, subtypes A,B, D, E, and F as well as group O) and HIV-2 primary isolates with varying coreceptor specificities ranging from exclusive CCR5 usage to multiple coreceptor usage was examined in detail. T-22 was found to be highly effective (>90%) at blocking infection of diverse HIV-1 (subtypes A-F, and group 0) and HIV-2 isolates that use multiple coreceptors in human PBMCs homozygous for a 32-bp deletion in CCR5 (CCR5-/-), but less effective in CCR5 +/+ PBMCs. Additionally, sequential primary HIV-1 isolates obtained from a longitudinal cohort who had switched from single coreceptor usage to a broad range of multiple receptors could be blocked effectively by both T-22 and AMD-3100 in CCR5-/- PBMCs. Our data suggest that CXCR4 antagonistic compounds are highly effective in blocking the entry of X4-tropic HIV-1, and that these compounds could be a useful additive to current anti-retroviral therapy for clinical management of HIV disease. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 CDCP, Chief Immunopathogenesis Lab, HIDB,Publ Hlth Serv, DASTLR,Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Kyoto, Japan. Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Virol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), CDCP, Chief Immunopathogenesis Lab, HIDB,Publ Hlth Serv, DASTLR,Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Mail Stop D-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1002/jmv.10191 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 587PE UT WOS:000177649800002 PM 12210401 ER PT J AU Hudgens, MG Satten, GA AF Hudgens, MG Satten, GA TI Midrank unification of rank tests for exact, tied, and censored data SO JOURNAL OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE competing risks; interval censoring; matched pairs; ranksum; signed rank ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; FAILURE TIME DATA; INTERVAL; STATISTICS; DESIGNS AB Ties, right censoring, left censoring, and interval censoring can all cause ambiguity about the rank of an observation. Therefore traditional rank tests for uncensored data without ties need to be adjusted in the presence of uncertainty about the rank assigned to an observation. A simple solution that can be used in any situation where the rank assigned to an observation is ambiguous is to replace the unknown rank of an observation with its midrank. We derive properties of the midranks and, in turn, generalizations of ranks tests for the two sample problem, matched pairs and competing risks in the presence of censoring. Several previously proposed rank tests for censored data are shown to be equivalent to midrank tests. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hudgens, MG (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,MW-500,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1048-5252 J9 J NONPARAMETR STAT JI J. Nonparametr. Stat. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 569 EP 581 DI 10.1080/1048525021000002163 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 604JD UT WOS:000178614800006 ER PT J AU Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Kaye, WE AF Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Kaye, WE TI The public health consequences from acute chlorine releases, 1993-2000 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Chlorine, a commonly used hazardous substance, can be harmful to human health when improperly released. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system were used to conduct a retrospective analysis on the public health consequences from acute chlorine releases in 16 states during 1993 through 2000. There was an overall decline in the number of chlorine events during the period analyzed; however, chlorine events were more likely to result in events with victims, evacuations, and decontaminations when compared with nonchlorine events (relative risk [RR] = 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.1 to 5.0; [RR]=4.8, CI 4.3 to 5.3; and [RR]=2.0, CI 1.7 to 2.4, respectively). Most chlorine victims were employees and members of the general public. The predominant symptoms sustained were respiratory and eye irritation. Equipment failure and human error were the most frequent factors leading to an event. Continuous employee training and preventive equipment maintenance can help prevent chlorine releases from occurring and minimize exposure. to the general public. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Horton, DK (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 44 IS 10 BP 906 EP 913 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000030991.78799.2e PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 603MD UT WOS:000178562700008 PM 12391769 ER PT J AU Whelan, EA Grajewski, B Wood, E Kwan, L Nguyen, M Schnorr, TM Knecht, EA Kesner, JS AF Whelan, EA Grajewski, B Wood, E Kwan, L Nguyen, M Schnorr, TM Knecht, EA Kesner, JS TI Feasibility issues in reproductive biomonitoring of female flight attendants and teachers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Flight attendants (FAs) may be at risk of adverse reproductive outcomes. We investigated the feasibility of biomonitoring studies in this mobile workforce. Forty-five female FAs and 26 female teachers (referents) collected daily urine and saliva samples for one menstrual cycle, provided daily diary data for approximately three months, and F wore a wrist monitor to measure sleep disruption. A transport system enabled FAs to store samples while traveling. Overall, participation rates were low (37%) but of those recruited, over 90% of FAs and teachers completed the biomonitoring cycle. Data collection and sample integrity were not diminished by travel. Study methods resulted in good compliance and high quality data. It is possible to conduct studies Of. menstrual cycle function, sleep disruption, and circadian rhythm disruption in a mobile workforce potentially exposed to reproductive hazards. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Whelan, EA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 44 IS 10 BP 947 EP 955 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000030992.78799.f5 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 603MD UT WOS:000178562700013 PM 12391774 ER PT J AU Walsh, NM Casano, AA Manangan, LP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR AF Walsh, NM Casano, AA Manangan, LP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR TI Risk factors for Burkholderia cepacia complex colonization and infection among patients with cystic fibrosis SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACQUISITION AB Objectives: To determine risk factors for acquiring Burkbolderia cepacia complex among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Study design: A case-control study v was conducted with active surveillance for B cepacia complex colonization/infection among patients at 21 CF centers from April 1986 to March 1989 (study, period). A case-patient was defined as any CF patient with B cepacia complex colonization for the first time during the study period. Control patients were patients with CF not B cepacia complex colonized during the study period. For each patient, a questionnaire was completed semiannually. Results: In multivariate analyses, hospitalization for pulmonary exacerbations, living with a B cepacia complex-positive person, attending a CF summer camp, and direct contact with a B cepacia complex-colonized CF person outside of camp and home were associated with B cepacia complex acquisition. Receiving antimicrobial aerosol therapy or cleaning and drying a home-used nebulizer between uses, were associated with a decrease in B cepacia complex acquisition, Conclusions: Numerous factors inside and outside the health care setting are associated with person-to-person transmission of B cepacia complex among patients with CF. Prevention programs should reduce direct or indirect contact between noncolonized and B cepacia z complex-colonized/infected patients with CF. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 141 IS 4 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.127665 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 606LF UT WOS:000178734900023 PM 12378190 ER PT J AU Grunbaum, JA Kann, L Kinchen, SA Williams, B Ross, JG Lowry, R Kolbe, L AF Grunbaum, JA Kann, L Kinchen, SA Williams, B Ross, JG Lowry, R Kolbe, L TI Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB In the United States, approximately three-fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 2001 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrated that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 14.1% had rarely or never worn a seat belt during the 30 days preceding the survey; 30.7% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.4% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 47.1% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 23.9% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 8.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 2001, 45.6% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.1% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse: and 2.3% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two-thirds of all deaths among persons aged greater than or equal to25 years result from only two causes: cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these No causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 2001, 28.5% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 78.6% had not eaten greater than or equal to5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 10.5% were overweight; and 67.8% did not attend physical education class daily, Health and education officials at national, state, and local levels are using these YRBSS data to analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20805 USA. ORC Macro, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. RP Grunbaum, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 2002 VL 72 IS 8 BP 313 EP 328 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 601PC UT WOS:000178454100001 PM 12389372 ER PT J AU Gould, MS Munfakh, JLH Lubell, K Kleinman, M Parker, S AF Gould, MS Munfakh, JLH Lubell, K Kleinman, M Parker, S TI Seeking help from the Internet during adolescence SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Internet; help-seeking; adolescence ID SUICIDE-PREVENTION; HOPELESSNESS SCALE; COPING STRATEGIES; CHILDREN; YOUTH; PERCEPTIONS; IMPAIRMENT; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; STUDENTS AB Objective: To assess the prevalence and demographic and psychological correlates of Internet use as a help-seeking resource for emotional problems in a community sample of adolescents. Method: A self-report survey was completed by 9th- through 12th-grade students (n = 519) enrolled in health courses in six New York State high schools in the fall/winter of 1999. The relationship between Internet help-seeking behavior and demographic characteristics, hopelessness, functional impairment, and use of various treatment services was examined. Results: Nearly one fifth (18.2%) of the adolescents sought help on the Internet for emotional problems in the previous year. The proportions of males and females seeking help on the Internet did not significantly differ (15.6% and 20.8%, respectively). Internet help-seekers were significantly more likely than non-help-seekers to score above the clinical threshold on the Columbia Impairment Scale (34% versus 20.6%; chi(1)(2) = 7.4, p < .01) or Beck Depression Inventory (16.1% versus 9.1%; chi(1)(2) = 3.8, p < .05). These at-risk youths tended to combine Internet help-seeking with other sources of help, rather than substituting it for other resources. More than 20% of Internet help-seekers were dissatisfied with the help they received, and only 14% thought it had helped them very much. Conclusions: For the Internet to realize its potential as an effective resource for teenagers struggling with emotional problems, further development is needed. C1 New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gould, MS (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 72, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 45 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1182 EP 1189 DI 10.1097/01.CHI.0000020280.43550.C9 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 597CC UT WOS:000178203700007 PM 12364839 ER PT J AU Greenspan, AI Kellermann, AL AF Greenspan, AI Kellermann, AL TI Physical and psychological outcomes 8 months after serious gunshot injury SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 128th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Publ Hlth Assoc DE wounds; gunshot; violence; stress disorders; posttraumatic; health status; follow-up studies ID SF-36 HEALTH SURVEY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; FIREARM-RELATED INJURIES; TRAUMA RECOVERY PROJECT; SPINAL-CORD INJURY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SEVERITY SCORE; GENERAL HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; MAJOR TRAUMA AB Background. The purpose of this study was to determine the health status and psychological distress of gunshot injury victims 8 months after hospital discharge. Methods: Sixty patients admitted to a Level I trauma center for firearm-related injuries were interviewed during their hospitalization and again 8 months postdischarge. Health status was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Symptoms of posttramnatic stress (avoidance and intrusion) were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale. Results: Subjects were predominantly young (mean age, 30 years), male (92%), and African-American (95%). Mean SF-36 scores at follow-up were significantly worse than preinjury scores for all subscales (p < 0.05). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress were common; 39% of respondents reported severe intrusive thoughts and 42% reported severe avoidance behaviors. Admission Injury Severity Scores did not predict poor health status 8 months postdischarge, but intrusion symptoms were strongly associated with lower SF-36 scores. Conclusion. Many hospitalized survivors of gunshot injuries report significant long-term declines in physical and/or mental health. Injury severity at hospital admission may not be predictive of long-term health status. C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Rehabil Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Greenspan, AI (reprint author), Emory Univ, Ctr Rehabil Med, Dept Rehabil Med, 1441 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R49CCR407419-02-2] NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2002 VL 53 IS 4 BP 709 EP 716 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000022350.03761.F8 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 604JZ UT WOS:000178618400019 PM 12394871 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH Salama, P Cardozo, BL Gotway, CA AF Holtz, TH Salama, P Cardozo, BL Gotway, CA TI Mental health status of human rights workers, Kosovo, June 2000 SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE human rights; mental health; trauma; anxiety ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HARVARD TRAUMA QUESTIONNAIRE; HOPKINS SYMPTOM CHECKLIST-25; REFUGEES; VALIDITY; INSTRUMENT; VERSIONS; TORTURE; CARE; DEAD AB Human rights workers in humanitarian relief settings may be exposed to traumatic events that put them at risk for psychiatric morbidity. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in June 2000 to study the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among 70 expatriate and Kosovar Albanian staff collecting human rights data in Kosovo. Among those surveyed, elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were found in 17.1, 8.6, and 7.1% respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that human rights workers at risk for elevated anxiety symptoms were those who had worked with their organization longer than 6 months, those who had experienced an armed attack, and those who experienced local hostility. Our study indicates that human rights organizations should consider mental health assessment, care, and prevention programs for their staff. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holtz, TH (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,Room 326 CN-22, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 389 EP 395 AR UNSP 0894-9867/02/1000-0389/1 DI 10.1023/A:1020133308188 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 593AK UT WOS:000177968900006 PM 12392226 ER PT J AU Sheu, M Hogan, J Allsworth, J Stein, M Vlahov, D Schoenbaum, EE Schuman, P Gardner, L Flanigan, T AF Sheu, M Hogan, J Allsworth, J Stein, M Vlahov, D Schoenbaum, EE Schuman, P Gardner, L Flanigan, T TI Continuity of medical care and risk of incarceration in HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORRECTIONAL HEALTH-CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY-RESEARCH; COMMUNITY; INFECTION; SERVICES AB Objectives: Incarceration rates in the United States have tripled over the past two decades and have increased even more rapidly among women than men. To identify risk factors that predict incarceration in HIV-positive (HIV+) and high-risk HIV-negative (HIV-) women and to evaluate the association between continuity of medical care and risk of incarceration, this analysis was conducted. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of HIV+ and high-risk HIV- women enrolled between April 1993 and January 1995 at four urban centers: Providence, Rhode Island; New York, New York; Baltimore, Maryland; and Detroit, Michigan. The HIV Epidemiology Research (HER) Study enrolled 871 HIV+ and 439 high-risk HIV- innercity women between the ages of 16 and 55 years. All participants had a history of injection drug use or high-risk sexual behavior. Interviews, including questions on continuity of medical care and incarceration, were administered at baseline and 6 and 12 months after enrollment. Any incarceration in the 1-year period following enrollment was the main outcome measure. Continuity of care was measured as having seen one healthcare provider for at least 2 years, having received medical care from one usual physician or clinic, and having obtained medical care in a primary care setting as opposed to an emergency room or drug treatment center. Results: Twelve percent of women were incarcerated within 1 year postenrollment. Factors associated with incarceration included recent drug use, prior incarceration, lack of college education, engaging in sex for drugs or money, and having multiple unmet basic needs at the time of enrollment in the study. Continuity of care with a single healthcare provider for more than 2 years prior to enrollment in the study was associated with decreased rates of incarceration even after adjusting for possible confounding factors (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48 - 0.92). HIV serostatus did not correlate with incarceration. Conclusions: History of prior incarceration and recent drug use were associated with increased risk of incarceration. Continuity of medical care by a single healthcare provider was associated with decreased likelihood of incarceration, suggesting that the provider may play an important role in designing interventions to prevent incarceration in this high-risk population. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Stat Sci, Providence, RI USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Flanigan, T (reprint author), Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014; OI Allsworth, Jenifer/0000-0001-6559-8638 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU200714, U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU306802] NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 11 IS 8 BP 743 EP 750 DI 10.1089/15409990260363698 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 612EV UT WOS:000179062300006 PM 12570040 ER PT J AU Pinto, J Donnelly, MJ Sousa, CA Gil, V Ferreira, C Elissa, N Do Rosario, VE Charlwood, JD AF Pinto, J Donnelly, MJ Sousa, CA Gil, V Ferreira, C Elissa, N Do Rosario, VE Charlwood, JD TI Genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera : Culicidae) in Sao Tome and Principe (West Africa): implications for malaria control SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; islands; malaria control; microsatellites; population structure ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE; VECTOR; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIENSIS; KENYA; EAST; LOCI AB The impact of a vector eradication programme, conducted in the 1980s, on Anopheles gambiae populations from the islands of Sao Tome and Principe, was evaluated by microsatellite DNA analysis. Significant genetic differentiation was observed within and between the two islands and between the islands and a population from Gabon, suggesting a degree of isolation between them. Large estimates of long-term N-e suggested that the control programme did not affect the effective population size of the vector. Heterozygosity tests were also not consistent with a recent bottleneck. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Ctr Malaria & Outras Doencas Trop, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Div Parasite & Vector Biol, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Unidade Entomol Med, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Minist Saude, Ctr Nacl Endemias, Sao Tome, Sao Tome & Prin. Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Franceville, Gabon. RP Do Rosario, VE (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Ctr Malaria & Outras Doencas Trop, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. RI Sousa, Carla /G-6531-2012; Pinto, Joao/C-2208-2012 OI Sousa, Carla /0000-0002-2386-7577; Pinto, Joao/0000-0001-8572-7708 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2183 EP 2187 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01587.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 595XX UT WOS:000178134500027 PM 12296959 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP AF Koplan, JP TI The small world of global health SO MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE global health; developing nations; communicable diseases ID DISEASE; BURDEN AB This article is based on the Solomon Berson lecture, delivered by Dr. Koplan in January 2000. In his remarks, Dr. Koplan discussed the current status of global health and projected trends in three categories: communicable diseases, risk factors for disease, and selected diseases and health conditions. Reflecting on differences in health issues in the 30 years since he left Mount Sinai, Dr. Koplan pointed out that the health problems of developed and developing nations are strikingly similar now - which also means they are amenable to similar interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Robert W Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, 1440 Clifton Rd NE,Suite 410, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL PI NEW YORK PA BOX 1094 ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE ATTN: CIRCULATION ASST, NEW YORK, NY 10029-6574 USA SN 0027-2507 J9 MT SINAI J MED JI Mt. Sinai J. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 69 IS 5 BP 291 EP 298 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 605LH UT WOS:000178679000003 PM 12415322 ER PT J AU Hogben, M St Lawrence, JS Kasprzyk, D Montano, DE Counts, GW McCree, DH Phillips, W Scharbo-DeHaan, M AF Hogben, M St Lawrence, JS Kasprzyk, D Montano, DE Counts, GW McCree, DH Phillips, W Scharbo-DeHaan, M TI Sexually transmitted disease screening by United States obstetricians and gynecologists SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; PREGNANCY; INFECTION; TEXAS AB OBJECTIVE: To assess compliance with practice guidelines and to determine die extent of missed opportunities for sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention by describing screening practices of a national sample of obstetricians and gynecologists and comparing them to the practices of other specialists. METHODS: Physicians (n = 7300) in five specialties that diagnose 85% of STDs in the United States were surveyed. Obstetrics and gynecology (n = 647) was one of the five specialties. Besides providing demographic and practice characteristics, respondents answered questions about who they screen (nonpregnant females, pregnant females) and for which bacterial STDs (syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia). RESULTS: Responding obstetricians and gynecologists were most likely to be non-Hispanic white (75%), male (66%), and in their 40s (mode 43 years old). They saw an average of 90 patients per week during 47 hours of direct patient care. Approximately 95% practiced in private settings. Almost all (96%) screened some patients for at least one STD. Obstetricians and gynecologists screened women more frequently than other specialties, but no specialty screened all women or all pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Obstetricians and gynecologists screen women for STDs at a higher rate than other specialties represented in this study. Consistent with published guidelines, most obstetricians and gynecologists in our survey screened pregnant women for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Nonetheless, only about half of obstetricians and gynecologists screened nonpregnant women for gonorrhea or chlamydia, and fewer screen nonpregnant women for syphilis. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 FU PHS HHS [200-96-0599] NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 100 IS 4 BP 801 EP 807 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02167-1 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02167-1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 600JB UT WOS:000178385900030 PM 12383552 ER PT J AU Trosclair, A Husten, C Pederson, L Dhilon, I AF Trosclair, A Husten, C Pederson, L Dhilon, I TI Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2000 SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Trosclair, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1308 EP + PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 613DU UT WOS:000179117200004 ER PT J AU Samuelson, JL Buehler, JW Norris, D Sadek, R AF Samuelson, JL Buehler, JW Norris, D Sadek, R TI Maternal characteristics associated with place of delivery and neonatal mortality rates among very-low-birthweight infants, Georgia SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERINATAL REGIONALIZATION; CARE; SURVIVAL; LEVEL; MORBIDITY; OUTCOMES; IMPACT; RISK AB To determine whether the Healthy People 2000 objective to deliver very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants at subspecialty perinatal care centres was met, and if improvements in the regional perinatal care system could reduce neonatal mortality further for 2010, we examined place of delivery for VLBW infants, associated maternal characteristics and the potential impact on neonatal mortality. We used linked birth and death records for the 1994-96 Georgia VLBW (i.e. 500-1499 g) birth cohorts. Among 4770 VLBW infants, 77% were delivered at hospitals providing subspecialty perinatal care. The strongest predictor of birth hospital level was the mother's county of residence, defined using three levels: residence in a county with a subspecialty hospital, residence in a county adjacent to one with such a hospital or residence in a non-adjacent county. Eighty-nine per cent of infants born to women who resided in counties with subspecialty care hospitals delivered at such hospitals, compared with 53% of infants born to women who resided in a non-adjacent county. Women were also more likely to deliver outside subspecialty care if they had less than adequate prenatal care [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.5, P-value = 0.0001]. The neonatal mortality rate varied by level of perinatal care at the birth hospital from 132.1/1000 to 283/1000 live births, with the highest death rate for infants born at hospitals offering the lowest level of care. Assuming that the differences in mortality were due to care level of the birth hospital, potentially 16-23% of neonatal deaths among VLBW infants could have been prevented if 90% of infants born outside subspecialty care were delivered at the recommended level. These findings suggest that a state's support of strong, collaborative, regional perinatal care networks is required to ensure that high-risk women and infants receive optimal health care. Improved access to recommended care levels should further reduce neonatal mortality until interventions are identified to prevent VLBW births. C1 Georgia State Hlth Dept, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Samuelson, JL (reprint author), Care of Kahn E, Dept Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth, Georgia Dept Publ Hlth, 2 Peachtree St NW,14-103, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2002.00450.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 618HX UT WOS:000179413600004 PM 12445146 ER PT J AU Decoufle, P Autry, A AF Decoufle, P Autry, A TI Increased mortality in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RISK CHILDREN; CEREBRAL-PALSY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LEARNING-DISABILITY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; PLACEMENT; PEOPLE AB A population-based cohort of 10-year-old children with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hearing impairment or vision impairment, who were ascertained at 10 years of age in a previous study conducted in metro Atlanta during 1985-87, was followed up for mortality and cause of death information. We used the National Death Index to identify all deaths among cohort members during the follow-up period (1985-95). We estimated expected numbers of deaths on the basis of actual age-, race- and sex-specific death rates for the entire Georgia population for 1989-91. The objective was to quantify the magnitude of increased mortality and evaluate the contribution of specific disabilities to mortality among children and adolescents with one or more of five developmental disabilities. A total of 30 deaths were observed; 10.1 deaths were expected, yielding an observed-to-expected mortality ratio of almost three to one. The numbers of observed deaths exceeded those of expected deaths, regardless of the number of disabilities present, but the ratios were statistically significant (at the 95% confidence level) only in children with three or more co-existing disabilities. In general, the magnitude of the mortality ratios was directly related to various measures of the severity of the person's disability. An exception to this pattern was the elevated mortality from cardiovascular disease among cohort members with isolated mental retardation (three observed deaths vs. 0.2 expected). The specific underlying causes of death among other deceased cohort members included some that were the putative cause of the developmental disability (e.g. a genetic syndrome) and others that could be considered intercurrent diseases or secondary health conditions (e.g. asthma). Prevention efforts to decrease mortality in adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities may need to address serious conditions that are secondary to the underlying disability (i.e. infections, asthma, seizures) rather than towards injuries, accidents and poisonings, the primary causes of death for persons in this age group in the general population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Autry, A (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,F-15, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2002.00430.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 618HX UT WOS:000179413600014 PM 12445156 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Bosco-Nizeyi, J da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Pieniazek, NJ Cranfield, MR Lindquist, HDA AF Graczyk, TK Bosco-Nizeyi, J da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Pieniazek, NJ Cranfield, MR Lindquist, HDA TI A single genotype of Encephalitozoon intestinalis infects free-ranging gorillas and people sharing their habitats in Uganda SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HABITUATED MOUNTAIN GORILLAS; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; IMPENETRABLE NATIONAL-PARK; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; MICROSPORIDIA; CUNICULI; AIDS; BERINGEI; PATIENT AB Microsporidian spores have been detected by Chromotrope 2R and calcofluor stains in fecal samples of three free-ranging human-habituated mountain gorillas in Uganda and in two people who share gorilla habitats. All spore isolates have been identified by PCR with species-specific primers and fluorescent in situ hybridization with a species-specific oligonucleotide probe to be Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Sequencing analyses of the full length SSUrRNA amplified from all spore isolates were identical with Enc. intestinalis SSUrRNA GenBank SIU09929, Sequences generated from a fragment containing the internal transcribed spacer of these isolates were identical to GenBank sequence Y11611, i.e,, Enc. intestinalis of anthroponotic origin. A single pathogen genotype in two genetically distant but geographically united host groups indicates anthropozoonotic transmission of Enc. intestinalis. It is highly unlikely that these two identical Enc. intestinalis genotypes were acquired independently by gorillas and people, it is much more probable that one group initiated infection of the other. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Wildlife & Anim Resource Managment, Gorilla Vet Project, Morris Anim Fdn Mt, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Publ Hlth Serv,Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Baltimore Zoo, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Biohazard Assessment Res Brach, Microbiol & Chem Exposure Assessment Res Div, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 88 IS 10 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.1007/s00436-002-0693-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 600YP UT WOS:000178419600009 PM 12209334 ER PT J AU Galil, K Brown, C Lin, F Seward, J AF Galil, K Brown, C Lin, F Seward, J TI Hospitalizations for varicella in the United States, 1988 to 1999 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE varicella; hospitalization; varicella vaccine; National Hospital Discharge Survey; varicella epidemiology; varicella morbidity AB Background. Varicella epidemiology is changing with increasing use of the varicella vaccine. Methods. To describe the epidemiology of severe varicella disease before and after vaccine introduction, data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) for 1988 to 1999 were analyzed. Incidental cases of varicella in persons hospitalized for a different indication were excluded. Results. In the prevaccination era (1988 to 1995), there were 10 632 varicella hospitalizations annually. The most common complications were viral pneumonitis (20.9%), fluid/electrolyte disturbances (19.3%) and soft tissue infections (17.8%). Most (89.1%) persons had no severe underlying immunocompromising conditions. The mean length of hospitalization was 5.4 days, corresponding to similar to57000 days of hospitalization annually. In the first years after vaccine licensure (1996 to 1999), vaccine coverage reached 59%. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward decreased hospitalizations and a decline in mean length of hospitalization. Conclusions. Varicella morbidity was higher in the prevaccination era than previously reported. Although no significant decline is evident, a trend toward decreased hospitalizations is emerging in the first years after vaccine introduction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Galil, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 115 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 931 EP 934 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000034272.56247.31 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 605AY UT WOS:000178654300008 PM 12394815 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG AF Whitney, CG TI The potential of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; vaccine; children; pneumococcus; epidemiology ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNOGENICITY; DIPHTHERIA; INFECTIONS; REDUCTION; EFFICACY; TETANUS AB In contrast to earlier pneumococcal vaccines, conjugate vaccines hold promise for reducing pneumococcal morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. The first commercially available conjugate vaccine formulation, which targets seven serotypes, was licensed in the US and other countries in 2000; this vaccine is now part of routine infant immunization in the US. Demand has been high and greater than vaccine supply. Clinical trials indicate that conjugate vaccines are highly efficacious against invasive pneumococcal disease and modestly efficacious against otitis media and pneumonia. In carriage studies conjugate vaccines reduced vaccine-type carriage but led to an increase in carriage of other serotypes. Remaining questions include whether less frequent transmission of vaccine serotypes will mean less disease in unvaccinated children and adults or if nonvaccine serotypes will begin to cause more disease. Monitoring disease burden after widespread use in the US is critical for understanding the effects of the vaccine. In addition making pneumococcal vaccines available for children in developing countries should be a high priority. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), CDC Mailstop C23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 961 EP 970 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000034249.50416.34 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 605AY UT WOS:000178654300016 PM 12394822 ER PT J AU Treadwell, TA Maddox, RA Holman, RC Belay, ED Shahriari, A Anderson, MS Burns, J Glode, MP Hoffman, RE Schonberger, LB AF Treadwell, TA Maddox, RA Holman, RC Belay, ED Shahriari, A Anderson, MS Burns, J Glode, MP Hoffman, RE Schonberger, LB TI Investigation of Kawasaki syndrome risk factors in Colorado SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kawasaki disease; Kawasaki syndrome; mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome; children; epidemiology; outbreak; humidifiers ID CORONARY-ARTERY; RUG SHAMPOO; ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; ASTHMA AB Risk factors for Kawasaki syndrome (KS) were evaluated through a case-control study during an investigation of a KS cluster in Denver, CO. KS was associated with a humidifier in the child's room (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 29.3) and possibly with an antecedent respiratory illness. The use of humidifiers should be further investigated as part of future studies of KS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Treadwell, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 976 EP 978 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000034251.94180.d8 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 605AY UT WOS:000178654300018 PM 12400527 ER PT J AU Zhou, FJ Bisgard, KM Yusuf, HR Deuson, RR Bath, SK Murphy, TV AF Zhou, FJ Bisgard, KM Yusuf, HR Deuson, RR Bath, SK Murphy, TV TI Impact of universal Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination starting at 2 months of age in the United States: An economic analysis SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae type b; vaccine; cost-effectiveness analysis; benefit-cost analysis ID COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; INVASIVE DISEASE; HEALTH-INSURANCE; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; MENINGITIS; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; HIB AB Objective. To evaluate the economic impact of universal Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination starting at 2 months of age. Methods. Decision-tree-based analysis was conducted of a hypothetical US birth cohort of 3 815 469 infants using population-based vaccination coverage and disease incidence data. All costs were estimated from both the direct cost (medical and nonmedical) and societal perspectives. Net present value, cost-effectiveness ratios, and benefit-cost ratios of the US Hib vaccination program were evaluated. Results. The results of these analyses showed that the universal vaccination program using the Hib conjugate vaccines in the United States in 2000 was cost-saving from both the direct and societal perspectives, with the benefit of the Hib vaccination program (net present value) from the direct cost and societal perspectives of $0.95 billion and $2.09 billion, respectively. Without a Hib vaccination program, the direct and societal costs of Hib invasive cases would be $1.35 billion and $2.58 billion, respectively. The direct and societal costs of the Hib vaccination program were estimated at $0.39 billion and $0.48 billion, respectively. The direct and societal benefit-cost ratios for the Hib vaccination program were 3.4 and 5.4, respectively. Varying the proportion of vaccines purchased and administered in the public versus the private sector and the proportion of combination vaccine versus monovalent vaccine administered did not have much effect on the results. Conclusions. Regardless of the perspective (direct cost or societal) and the assumptions used, the benefit-cost ratios of the US vaccination program are >1.0. Potential changes in the program, including use of more or less Hib combination vaccines, would not significantly alter the benefit-cost ratio. The national Hib vaccination program is highly cost beneficial and results in substantial cost savings. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhou, FJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 653 EP 661 DI 10.1542/peds.110.4.653 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 599JF UT WOS:000178330200012 PM 12359777 ER PT J AU Hyde, TB Hilger, TM Reingold, A Farley, MM O'Brien, KL Schuchat, A AF Hyde, TB Hilger, TM Reingold, A Farley, MM O'Brien, KL Schuchat, A CA ABCs Emerging Infect Program Netwo TI Trends in incidence and antimicrobial resistance of early-onset sepsis: Population-based surveillance in San Francisco and Atlanta SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-11, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE neonatal sepsis; group B Streptococcus; guidelines; surveillance; Escherichia coli; antimicrobial resistance ID B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS; NEONATAL SEPSIS; INTRAPARTUM ANTIBIOTICS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Objective. Although increased use of intrapartum antibiotics caused significant declines in early-onset group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection, the effect on infections caused by other pathogens is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine trends in the incidence of early-onset sepsis caused by organisms other than group B streptococcus in the era of antimicrobial prophylaxis. Methods. We conducted surveillance for early-onset sepsis as part of the Active Bacterial Core surveillance. A case was defined as isolation of bacteria from blood or cerebrospinal fluid from an infant who was 0 to 6 days of age and born in the surveillance area during 1998 through 2000 (248 184 births). Results. We identified 408 cases of early-onset infection. GBS caused 166 (40.7%) cases (52 in 1998, 51 in 1999, and 63 in 2000 for incidences 0.62, 0.62, and 0.76 cases per 1000 live births, respectively). Other bacterial pathogens were identified in 242 cases (82 in 1998, 79 in 1999, and 81 in 2000 for incidences 0.99, 0.95, and 0.98 per 1000 live births, respectively) of early-onset sepsis. Escherichia coli caused 70 cases (0.25, 0.28, and 0.31 cases per 1000 live births, respectively, in 1998-2000). The proportion of E coli infections that were resistant to ampicillin increased significantly among preterm infants from 29% (2 of 7) in 1998 to 84% (16 of 18) in 2000 but not in full-term infants: 50% (4 of 8) in 1998 and 25% (1 of 4) in 2000. Conclusions. Whereas rates of early-onset sepsis caused by GBS and other pathogens were low and did not change significantly during the study period, antibiotic-resistant E coli infections among preterm infants increased. Overall, these trends are reassuring, but careful evaluation of the increase in resistant infections in very young infants is critical in the future. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Emerging Infect Pr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Emerging Infect Pr, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 690 EP 695 DI 10.1542/peds.110.4.690 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 599JF UT WOS:000178330200016 PM 12359781 ER PT J AU Hauck, FR Moore, CM Herman, SM Donovan, M Kalelkar, M Christoffel, KK Hoffman, HJ Rowley, D AF Hauck, FR Moore, CM Herman, SM Donovan, M Kalelkar, M Christoffel, KK Hoffman, HJ Rowley, D TI The contribution of prone sleeping position to the racial disparity in sudden infant death syndrome: The Chicago Infant Mortality Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE sudden infant death; infant care; African Americans; sleep ID RISK-FACTORS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; CLINICAL RESEARCH; NEW-ZEALAND; COT DEATH; SIDS; PREVENTION; PARTICIPATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background. Rates of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are over twice as high among African Americans compared with Caucasians. Little is known, however, about the relationship between prone sleeping, other sleep environment factors, and the risk of SIDS in the United States and how differences in risk factors may account for disparities in mortality. Objective. To assess the contribution of prone sleeping position and other potential risk factors to SIDS risk in a primarily high-risk, urban African American population. Design, Setting, and Population. Case-control study consisting of 260 infants ages birth to 1 year who died of SIDS between November 1993 and April 1996. The control group consists of an equal number of infants matched on race, age, and birth weight. Prospectively collected data from the death scene investigation and a follow-up home interview for case infants were compared with equivalent questions for living control participants to identify risk factors for SIDS. Main Outcome Measures. Risk of SIDS related to prone sleeping position adjusting for potential confounding variables and other risk factors for SIDS, and comparisons by race-ethnicity. Results. Three quarters of the SIDS infants were African American. There was more than a twofold increased risk of SIDS associated with being placed prone for last sleep compared with the nonprone positions (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-3.7). This OR increased after adjusting for potential confounding variables and other sleep environment factors (OR: 4.0; 95% CI: 1.8-8.8). Differences were found for African Americans compared with others (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.6 and OR: 10.3, 95% CI: 10.3 [3.2-33.8, respectively]). The population attributable risk was 31%. Fewer case mothers (46%) than control mothers (64%) reported being advised about sleep position in the hospital after delivery. Of those advised, a similar proportion of case mothers as control mothers were incorrectly told or recalled being told to use the prone position, but prone was recommended in a higher proportion of black mothers (cases and controls combined) compared with nonblack mothers. Conclusions. Prone sleeping was found to be a significant risk factor for SIDS in this primarily African American urban sample, and approximately one third of the SIDS deaths could be attributed to this factor. Greater and more effective educational outreach must be extended to African American families and the health personnel serving them to reduce prone prevalence during sleep, which appears, in part, to contribute to the higher rates of SIDS among African American infants. C1 Loyola Univ, Chicago Stritch Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Off Med Examiner Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA. NW Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL USA. NW Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL USA. NW Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL USA. Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Epidemiol Stat & Data Syst Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hauck, FR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Hlth Syst, Dept Family Med, Box 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-3-3188]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860-06] NR 73 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 772 EP 780 DI 10.1542/peds.110.4.772 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 599JF UT WOS:000178330200029 PM 12359794 ER PT J AU Meissner, HC Pickering, LK AF Meissner, HC Pickering, LK TI Control of disease attributable to Haemophilus influenzae type b and the National Immunization Program SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; ANTIBODY; CHILDREN; INFANTS; POLYSACCHARIDE; RESPONSES; ERA C1 Tufts Univ, Pediat Infect Dis Div, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meissner, HC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Pediat Infect Dis Div, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 BP 820 EP 823 DI 10.1542/peds.110.4.820 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 599JF UT WOS:000178330200035 PM 12359800 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI Relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: The Bogalusa Heart Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE menarche; obesity; blacks; height; secular trend ID BLOOD-INSTITUTE GROWTH; BREAST-CANCER RISK; BODY-SIZE; NATIONAL-HEART; SECULAR TRENDS; WHITE GIRLS; HEALTH; MATURATION; FATNESS; OBESITY AB Objective. To assess secular trends in menarcheal age between 1973 and 1994 and to determine whether childhood levels of height, weight, and skinfold thicknesses can account for racial (white/black) differences in menarcheal age. Methods. Data from 7 cross-sectional examinations of school-aged children, with menarcheal age obtained through interviews, were used for both cross-sectional (11 218 observations) and longitudinal (n = 2058) analyses. In the latter analyses, the baseline examination was performed between ages 5.0 and 9.9 years, and the mean follow-up was 6 years. Results. Black girls experienced menarche, on average, 3 months earlier than did white girls (12.3 vs 12.6 years), and during the 20-year study period, the median menarcheal age decreased by approximately 9.5 months among black girls versus approximately 2 months among white girls. As compared with 5- to 9-year-old white girls, black girls were taller and weighed more, characteristics that were predictive of a relatively early (before age 11.0 years) menarche. However, even after adjustment for weight, height, and other characteristics, the rate of early menarche remained 1.4-fold higher among black girls than among white girls. Conclusions. Additional study of the determinants of menarcheal age is needed, as the timing of pubertal maturation may influence the risk of various diseases in adulthood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-38844]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-16592] NR 47 TC 143 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 AR e43 DI 10.1542/peds.110.4.e43 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 599JF UT WOS:000178330200004 PM 12359816 ER PT J AU Rubin, LG Sanchez, PJ Siegel, J Levine, G Saiman, L Jarvis, WR AF Rubin, LG Sanchez, PJ Siegel, J Levine, G Saiman, L Jarvis, WR CA Pediat Prevention Network TI Evaluation and treatment of neonates with suspected late-onset sepsis: A survey of neonatologists' practices SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE sepsis; neonatal intensive care; vancomycin ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; QUANTITATIVE BLOOD CULTURES; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; NEWBORN-INFANTS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA; RISK; MULTICENTER AB Objective. To ascertain current diagnostic and treatment practices for suspected late-onset sepsis in infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and identify areas that may benefit from clinical practice guidelines. Methods. During June 2000, we conducted a multi-center survey of neonatologists and infection control professionals regarding practices related to late-onset sepsis in NICUs at children's hospitals participating in the Pediatric Prevention Network. Results. Personnel at 35 hospitals with NICUs completed surveys; 34 were infection control professionals, and 278 were neonatology clinicians, primarily attending neonatologists or neonatology fellows. At these facilities, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the most frequent blood culture isolate from infants with late-onset sepsis accounting for 54% of bloodstream infections. When late-onset sepsis was suspected, 83% of clinicians drew only 1 blood culture when no central venous catheter was present or when a central vascular was present with no blood return. Thirty-two percent obtained 1 or more C-reactive protein concentration determinations. Sixty percent of clinicians prescribed a vancomycin-containing regimen for a 900 g, 3-week-old infant with suspected late-onset sepsis. The presence of a central venous catheter or shock increased empiric vancomycin use. The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the NICU did not increase vancomycin use, but a vancomycin restriction policy decreased empiric vancomycin use. Clinicians at an individual NICU tended to have similar empiric antibiotic-prescribing practices: in 29 (83%) of 35 centers greater than or equal to75% of respondents had similar practice with regard to prescribing a vancomycin-containing regimen for empiric therapy. Forty-seven percent to 85% completed a full course of antimicrobials when a single blood culture was obtained and grew CoNS, but a significantly lower percentage of respondents (22%-47%) completed a full course when 1 of 2 blood cultures obtained grew CoNS. Eleven percent of respondents removed an umbilical catheter at the time of suspected sepsis, but fewer than 5% removed a nonumbilical central venous catheter for suspected sepsis. Most (greater than or equal to61%) retained a nonumbilical catheter despite documentation of CoNS bacteremia. Conclusions. Neonatologists varied in management of suspected late-onset sepsis, particularly that caused by CoNS. Procedures to prevent CoNS-positive blood cultures and to differentiate CoNS contaminants from pathogens are needed. For safely decreasing vancomycin use in NICUs, clinical practice guidelines should be developed, implemented, and evaluated. The guidelines should include optimal skin antisepsis and catheter disinfection before obtaining blood for culture, obtaining 2 blood cultures and using adjunctive tests and information to help differentiate contaminants from pathogens, and restriction on empiric vancomycin use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Shore Long Isl Jewish Hlth Syst, Schneider Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, New Hyde Pk, NY USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Dallas, TX USA. Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, MS E69,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 110 IS 4 AR e42 DI 10.1542/peds.110.4.e42 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 599JF UT WOS:000178330200003 PM 12359815 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA Eyler, AA Galuska, DA Brown, DR Brownson, RC AF Anderson, LA Eyler, AA Galuska, DA Brown, DR Brownson, RC TI Relationship of satisfaction with body size and trying to lose weight in a national survey of overweight and obese women aged 40 and older, United States SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE weight loss; body image; size perception; personal satisfaction; ethnic groups; women ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; WHITE WOMEN; IMAGE; FEMALES; PERCEPTIONS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIORS; HEALTH; BLACK; RISK AB Background. Despite the potential benefits of weight loss, the factors associated with weight loss behavior are only beginning to be identified. We examined the association between sociodemographic factors, perceived health, satisfaction with body size, and trying to lose weight. Methods. Data were obtained from the 1996-1997 U.S. Women's Determinants Study. We included over 1,700 overweight and obese women aged 40 and older from the following four racial/ethnic groups: Hispanic, black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and non-Hispanic white. Results. About half of the women reported that they were satisfied or very satisfied with their body size. Satisfaction was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), greater age, lower educational level, and better self-rated health. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, women in the other racial/ethnic groups expressed greater body satisfaction. About 65% of women reported that they were currently trying to lose weight. The strongest predictor of trying to lose weight was satisfaction with body size; women who were not satisfied were nine times more likely to report trying to lose weight than those who were very satisfied. Other significant predictors were BMI, race/ ethnicity, and age. Conclusions. Our findings should serve as the impetus for the inclusion of measures of body image in surveillance and intervention studies of weight loss and control. (C) 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). C1 CDCP, Prevent Res Ctr, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Prevent Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), CDCP, Prevent Res Ctr, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1006/pmed.2002.1079 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 596VZ UT WOS:000178188300013 PM 12453717 ER PT J AU Salinas-Zavala, CA Douglas, AV Diaz, HF AF Salinas-Zavala, CA Douglas, AV Diaz, HF TI Interannual variability of NDVI in northwest Mexico. Associated climatic mechanisms and ecological implications SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; OSCILLATION; DROUGHT AB The relation between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) interannual variability, precipitation and atmospheric circulation at 700 mbar in northwest Mexico is analyzed during the warm and cold phases of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A conditional probability test was conducted between this phenomenon and NDVI values. It was found that the negative ENSO phase is associated with drought conditions with a delay of 4 - 6 months related to the start of event, while the positive phase is related to high NDVI values during the driest season in the region. Clustering the NDVI values by terciles, it was determined that summers with high NDVI values are related to an intensification of the Mexican summer monsoon; while, in dry summers, the flow is characterized by the presence of an enhanced ridge of high-pressure aloft over most of the national territory. In winters with high NDVI values, a very intense low-pressure trough induces a meridional flow with penetration of humid air associated with frontal activity. This circulation pattern is common during the ENSO warm phase. Winters with low NDVI are associated atmospheric circulation patterns typical of the so-called Pacific North American (PNA) type. Based on the bio-seasonality and precipitation modulation in northwest Mexico due to the ENSO, it is concluded that the delay of a few months observed in NDVI values with respect to precipitation inputs supports the Seed Hydration Memory (SHM) concept. The ecological implications of this phenomenon for the region are also discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 BCS, CIBNOR, La Paz, Mexico. Creighton Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. NOAA, ERL, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Salinas-Zavala, CA (reprint author), BCS, CIBNOR, POB 128, La Paz, Mexico. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2-3 BP 417 EP 430 AR PII S0034-4257(02)00057-3 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00057-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 595TA UT WOS:000178123800020 ER PT J AU Sanchez, J Volquez, C Totten, PA Campos, PE Ryan, C Catlin, M Hasbun, J De Quinones, MR Sanchez, C De Lister, MB Weiss, JB Ashley, R Holmes, KK AF Sanchez, J Volquez, C Totten, PA Campos, PE Ryan, C Catlin, M Hasbun, J De Quinones, MR Sanchez, C De Lister, MB Weiss, JB Ashley, R Holmes, KK TI The etiology and management of genital ulcers in the Dominican Republic and Peru SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; TRANSMISSION; HIV; RESISTANCE; DIAGNOSIS; EMERGENCE AB Background: Clinical diagnosis of genital ulcers is difficult, and diagnostic tests are least available in settings where rates of disease are highest. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed protocols for the syndromic management of genital ulcers in resource-poor settings. However, because risk factors, patterns and causes of disease, and antimicrobial susceptibilities differ from region to region and over time, they must be adapted to local situations. Goal: The goal of this study was to determine etiologic factors, evaluate syndromic management, and compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with other diagnostic alternatives for genital ulcers among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in the Dominican Republic and Peru. Study Design: Eighty-one men with genital ulcers in the Dominican Republic and 63 in Peru underwent identical interviews and identical multiplex PCR (M-PCR) tests of genital lesion specimens for etiologic diagnoses. Algorithms for managing genital ulcers were developed. Results: In the Dominican Republic, 5% were M-PCR-positive for Treponema pallidum, 26% for Haemophilis ducreyi, and 43% for herpes simplex virus (HSV); in Peru, 10%, 5%, and 43%, respectively, were positive. The WHO algorithm for treating syphilis and chancroid had a sensitivity of 100%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 24%, and an overtreatment rate of 76%. A modified algorithm for treating only those without vesicular lesions had 88% sensitivity and a 27% PPV, and the overtreatment rate was reduced to 58%. Conclusion: HSV caused 43% of genital ulcers in these populations. The modified algorithm had lower sensitivity but a reduced overtreatment rate. M-PCR testing was more sensitive than standard tests and more specific and sensitive than clinical diagnosis. C1 UPCH, Sch Publ Hlth & Adm, Lima, Peru. Via Libre, Lima, Peru. Inst Dermatol, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD, Atlanta, GA USA. Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Salud Raul Pastrucco, Lima, Peru. AIDS Control & Prevent Project AIDSCAP, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Roche Mol Syst, Pleasanton, CA USA. Washington Univ, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Holmes, KK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS & STD, 325 9Th Ave,Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 BP 559 EP 567 DI 10.1097/00007435-200210000-00001 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 602ED UT WOS:000178492000001 PM 12370522 ER PT J AU Naylor, PJ Wharf-Higgins, J Blair, L Green, L O'Connor, B AF Naylor, PJ Wharf-Higgins, J Blair, L Green, L O'Connor, B TI Evaluating the participatory process in a community-based heart health project SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE participatory research; heart health; health promotion; evaluation; Canada ID PROMOTION RESEARCH; PROGRAMS; PARTNERSHIPS; POLICY AB This paper presents the evaluation of a participatory research process used in a community-based heart health project, the British Columbia Heart Health Demonstration Project. The project utilized both a population heart health approach and a community mobilization model for taking action on heart health. A participatory evaluation plan was selected to: allow for participation in decision-making, incorporate the community perspective. enhance utilization of data, increase skills and capacities at the community level and enhance the responsiveness of the project team to emerging issues. Six elements common to participatory research were synthesized from the literature and rating scales were developed. Project participants across three project levels (investigative team, community project management committee members, community and provincial project coordinators) were asked to rate each of the elements and then explain their ratings during a focus group interview. Ratings were averaged and plotted on a 'sextagram' to illustrate the extent of participation in the research project. Patterns and themes that emerged from the transcripts and fieldnotes, regarding issues that influenced each rating. were categorized according to the framework of participatory research. Ratings and descriptions of participation on each element varied across project levels. The ratings of participation for the elements of sustainability and resource mobilization were uniformly low reflecting the large dependence on external funds. Participants involved at the community level perceived a greater level of participation in the identification of need and definition of goals and activities. Critical issues identified were related to the predominance of the external funding source, the imposition of funding agency guidelines on the communities, the amount of guidance by experts and the data collection methods. The analysis highlighted the responsiveness of the project to feedback over time and increases in the capacity of communities over time. Critical issues in the evaluation of participation were: differentiating stakeholder participation in program activities from research activities, variations in the meaning of community and participation among interviewees. the complexity of evaluating the extent of participation in a multi-level project and the evolution of participation over a 5 year time span. A definitive conclusion about the level of participation was elusive, however, the methodology afforded a contextual understanding of the assessments of participation and of participation itself and provides a foundation for evaluating and improving future participatory research initiatives. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 British Columbia Minist Hlth, Prevent Hlth Branch, Victoria, BC V8X 3X3, Canada. N Shore Hlth Reg, N Vancouver, BC V7M 1A2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Phys Educ, Victoria, BC V8W 3P1, Canada. RP Naylor, PJ (reprint author), British Columbia Minist Hlth, Prevent Hlth Branch, 1520 Blanshard St, Victoria, BC V8X 3X3, Canada. RI Santos, Fernando/H-3257-2011 NR 48 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1173 EP 1187 AR PII S0277-9536(01)00247-7 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00247-7 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 598KC UT WOS:000178274100008 PM 12365529 ER PT J AU Galea, S Karpati, A Kennedy, B AF Galea, S Karpati, A Kennedy, B TI Social capital and violence in the United States, 1974-1993 SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE social capital; homicide; crime; violence; social determinants; United States ID INCOME INEQUALITY; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; CRIME; HEALTH; MULTILEVEL; HOMICIDE; CONTEXT; BLACK; WHITE; TIME AB Social capital is a characteristic of communities. Cross-sectional studies have shown that social capital is inversely associated with homicide and violent crime. We hypothesized that variations in social capital in US states over time can predict variations in regional homicide mortality both across and within time periods. We analyzed serial cross-sectional data for measures of social capital and age-adjusted homicide rates between 1974 and 1993. We used perception of social trust and per capita membership in voluntary associations, obtained from responses to the General Social Surveys, as the principal measures of social capital. We controlled for potential confounding by mean levels of income, urbanization, and region. Measures of perceived trust were strongly inversely correlated with homicide rates in an aggregate cross-sectional analysis (r = -0.51, p<0.001) and also within each time period. Social capital was an independent predictor of rates of violence when controlling for income, region, and urbanization (p<0.001). Homicide rates also predicted levels of social capital in adjusted models (p<0.001). To investigate directionality of this relationship we developed Markov transition matrices that described the change in the states' levels of social capital and homicide across time intervals. Analysis of the transitional probabilities confirmed that a simple unidirectional association between social capital and violence was not sufficient to describe this association. There is likely an impact of violence on levels of perceived trust in communities that complements the hypothesized effect of social capital on homicide. We conclude that the relationship between social capital and violence over time is non-linear and dynamic. More complex analytic models describing the relationship between violence and ecological social determinants need to be considered. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Galea, S (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave,Room 556, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1373 EP 1383 AR PII S0277-9536(01)00274-X DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00274-X PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 601LY UT WOS:000178448700007 PM 12231015 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Lammer, EJ Shaw, GM Finnell, RH McGehee, RE Gallagher, M Romitti, PA Murray, JC AF Rasmussen, SA Lammer, EJ Shaw, GM Finnell, RH McGehee, RE Gallagher, M Romitti, PA Murray, JC CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Integration of DNA sample collection into a multi-site birth defects case-control study SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE GENOME AMPLIFICATION; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; CASE-PARENT TRIADS; BUCCAL CELL-DNA; 22Q11.2 DELETION; PCR; ASSOCIATIONS; MUTATIONS; MOUTHWASH; SUBJECT AB Background: Advances in quantitative analysis and molecular genotyping have provided unprecedented opportunities to add biological sampling and genetic information to epidemiologic studies. The purpose of this article is to describe the incorporation of DNA sample collection into the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), an ongoing case-control study in an eight-state consortium with a primary goal to identify risk factors for birth defects. Methods: Babies with birth defects are identified through birth defects surveillance systems in the eight participating centers. Cases are infants with one or more of over 30 major birth defects. Controls are infants without defects from the same geographic area, Epidemiologic information is collected through an hour-long interview with mothers of both cases and controls. We added the collection of buccal cytobrush DNA samples for case-infants, control-infants, and their parents to this study. Results: We describe here the methods by which the samples have been collected and processed, establishment of a centralized resource for DNA banking, and quality control, database management, access, informed consent, and confidentiality issues. Conclusions: Biological sampling and genetic analyses are important components to epidemiologic studies of birth defects aimed at identifying risk factors. The DNA specimens collected in this study can be used for detection of mutations, study of polymorphic variants that confer differential susceptibility to teratogens, and examination of interactions among genetic risk factors. Information on the methods used and issues faced by the NBDPS may be of value to others considering the addition of DNA sampling to epidemiologic studies. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Oakland, CA 94606 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Murray, JC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, 140 EMRB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE08559, DE12898] NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1002/tera.10086 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 600DJ UT WOS:000178375100006 PM 12353214 ER PT J AU Baynes, RE Brooks, JD Mumtaz, M Riviere, JE AF Baynes, RE Brooks, JD Mumtaz, M Riviere, JE TI Effect of chemical interactions in pentachlorophenol mixtures on skin and membrane transport SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pentachorophenol; mixtures; interactions; skin; absorption; surfactants; vehicle ID SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE; HUMAN STRATUM-CORNEUM; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; DERMAL ABSORPTION; PORCINE SKIN; SURFACTANTS; PENETRATION; MODEL; TETRACHLOROPHENOL; PERMEABILITY AB Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been widely used as a pesticide, and topical exposure to a chemical mixture can alter its dermal absorption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of single and binary solvent systems (ethanol, EtOH, and water), a surfactant (6% sodium lauryl sulfate, SLS), and a rubifacient/vasodilator (1.28% methyl nicotinate, MNA) on PCP membrane transport, and to correlate these effects with physiochemical characteristics of the PCP mixtures. Partitioning, diffusion, and absorption parameters of C-14-PCP at low (4 mug/cm(2)) and high (40 mug/cm(2)) doses were assessed in porcine skin and silastic membranes in vitro. In these 8-h, flow-through diffusion studies, PCP was dosed with the following vehicles: 100% EtOH, 100% water, 40% EtOH + 60% water, 40% EtOH + 60% water + SLS, 40% EtOH + 60% water + MNA, and 40% EtOH + 60% water + SLS + MNA. PCP absorption ranged from 1.55-15.62% for the high dose and 0.43-7.20% for the low dose. PCP absorption, flux, and apparent permeability were influenced by PCP solubility, and PCP apparent permeability was correlated with log PC (r2 = 0.66). Although PCP was very soluble in pure ethanol (100%), this vehicle evaporated very rapidly, and PCP absorption in ethanol was the lowest with this vehicle when compared to pure water (100%) or aqueous ethanol mixtures in general. MNA had no significant effect on membrane absorption or relative permeability R(P) in aqueous ethanol solutions, but the presence of the surfactant, SLS, significantly reduced PCP absorption and R(P) in both membrane systems. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that modification in mixture composition with either a solvent and/or a surfactant can influence PCP diffusion in skin. Physicochemical interactions between these mixture components on the skin surface and stratum corneum contributed significantly to PCP transport, and these interactions were identified by simultaneously assessing chemical diffusion in biological and inert membrane systems. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Food Anim Hlth & Resource Management, Ctr Chem Toxicol Res & Pharmacokinet, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baynes, RE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Food Anim Hlth & Resource Management, Ctr Chem Toxicol Res & Pharmacokinet, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RI Riviere, Jim/A-9210-2008 OI Riviere, Jim/0000-0001-8412-9650 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1093/toxsci/69.2.295 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 603KW UT WOS:000178559500003 PM 12377978 ER PT J AU Desai, MR Phillips-Howard, PA Terlouw, DJ Wannemuehler, KA Odhacha, A Kariuki, SK Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, FO AF Desai, MR Phillips-Howard, PA Terlouw, DJ Wannemuehler, KA Odhacha, A Kariuki, SK Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, FO TI Recognition of pallor associated with severe anaemia by primary caregivers in western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE childhood anaemia; recognition; caregiver; pallor; western Kenya ID HEMOGLOBIN COLOR SCALE; CLINICAL SIGNS; SEVERE ANEMIA; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; AFRICAN CHILDREN; SEASONAL MALARIA; DIAGNOSE ANEMIA AB OBJECTIVES To explore which pallor signs and symptoms of severe anaemia could be recognized by primary caregivers following minimal instructions. METHODS Data from three community-based cross-sectional surveys were used. Test characteristics to predict haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations < 5 and < 7 g/dl were compared for different combinations of pallor signs (eyelid, tongue, palmar and nailbed) and symptoms. RESULTS Pallor signs and haemoglobin levels were available for 3782 children under 5 years of age from 2609 households. Comparisons of the sensitivity and specificity at a range of haemoglobin cut-offs showed that Hb < 5 g/dl was associated with the greatest combined sensitivity and specificity for pallor at any anatomical site (sensitivity = 75.6%, specificity = 63.0%, Youden index = 38.6). Higher or lower haemoglobin cut-offs resulted in more children being misclassified. Similar results were obtained for all individual pallor sites. Combining a history of soil eating with pallor at any site improved the sensitivity (87.8%) to detect Hb < 5 g/dl with a smaller reduction in specificity (53.3%; Youden index 41.1). Other combinations including respiratory signs or poor feeding resulted in lower accuracy. CONCLUSION Primary caregivers can recognize severe anaemia (Hb < 5 g/dl) in their children, but only with moderate accuracy. Soil eating should be considered as an additional indicator of severe anaemia. The effect of training caretakers to improve recognition of severe anaemia and care-seeking behaviour at the household level should be assessed in prospective community-based studies. C1 CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Minist Hlth, Off Prevent Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Desai, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2002 VL 7 IS 10 BP 831 EP 839 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00942.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 599MN UT WOS:000178338900004 PM 12358617 ER PT J AU Papanikolaou, E Kouvatsis, V Dimitriadis, G Inoue, N Arsenakis, M AF Papanikolaou, E Kouvatsis, V Dimitriadis, G Inoue, N Arsenakis, M TI Identification and characterization of the gene products of open reading frame U86/87 of human herpesvirus 6 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human herpesvirus 6; immediate early gene; U90; U86/87; IE-A region ID IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-6 VARIANT; MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; PERMISSIVE CELLS; NUCLEAR-BODIES; CODING CONTENT; DNA-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN AB The human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) immediate early-A locus (IE-A) locates in the position analogous to the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major IE (MIE) locus that is well-known to play critical roles in viral infection. Similarly to HCMV MIE, HHV-6 IE-A consists of two genetic units, IE1 and IE2, corresponding to open reading frames U90-U89 and U90-U86/87, respectively. However, the HHV-6 IE-A locus exhibits limited sequence homology with the HCMV MIE locus. In this study, to characterize HHV-6 IE2 gene products, polyclonal antibodies against four domains of the U86/87 open reading frame were generated by immunization of rabbits with bacterially-expressed proteins. Three polypeptides derived from the U86/87 region with apparent molecular masses of 100, 85 and 55 kD were detected in HHV-6-infected cells 3 days after infection, while IE1 polypeptides with apparent molecular mass greater than 170 kD were detectable as early as 8 h. Mapping of the IE2 gene products with the antibodies suggests differential splicing and alternative translation initiation in the IE2 genetic unit. The IE2 products show a mixed cytoplasmic and nuclear localization pattern. In addition, the 437 amino acid carboxyl-terminus domain bound to a DNA fragment containing the putative IE-A promoter. These results suggest that HHV-6 IE2 plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation and viral growth as does HCMV IE2, although it is likely that HHV-6 IE2 has expression kinetics different from HCMV IE2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Sect Genet Dev & Mol Biol, Lab Gen Microbiol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arsenakis, M (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Sect Genet Dev & Mol Biol, Lab Gen Microbiol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. RI Dimitriadis, George/J-3045-2012; OI Dimitriadis, George/0000-0002-1419-1173; Papanikolaou, Eleni/0000-0002-9008-5823 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 AR PII S0168-1702(02)00126-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00126-0 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 635HK UT WOS:000180393300007 PM 12367753 ER PT J AU Gerrard, SR Rollin, PE Nichol, ST AF Gerrard, SR Rollin, PE Nichol, ST TI Bidirectional infection and release of Rift Valley Fever virus in polarized epithelial cells SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley Fever virus; Bunyaviridae; polarized epithelia; maturation; golgi ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK; PUNTA-TORO VIRUS; VACCINIA VIRUS; M-RNA; PROTEIN; MICROTUBULES; CYTOSKELETON; GLYCOPROTEINS; ORGANIZATION AB Rift Valley Fever (RVF) virus is an arbovirus and is responsible for large outbreaks of disease predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, several aspects of RVF virus transmission, such as high viremia, multiple vector species, and broad host range, result in a pathogen with high likelihood of geographic spread, RVF virus infection in humans and livestock is characterized by broad dissemination of RVF virus antigens throughout the body. We sought insight into the high pathogenicity and broad tropism of this virus through a characterization of its interaction with polarized epithelial cells Our results indicate that infection and release of RVF virus in polarized epithelial cells occurs at both apical and basolateral membranes and hence is bidirectional. Furthermore, our results indicate that RVF virus causes disruptions in both the microfilament and the microtubule networks. These disruptions may provide a mechanism for bidirectional release of RVF virions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 301 IS 2 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1588 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 600DY UT WOS:000178376400004 PM 12359425 ER PT J AU Roan, F Inoue, N Offermann, MK AF Roan, F Inoue, N Offermann, MK TI Activation of cellular and heterologous promoters by the human herpesvirus 8 replication and transcription activator SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human herpesvirus 8; Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus; Rta; ORF 50; transcription; lytic reactivation; cellular promoters; NF-kappa B ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; NF-KAPPA-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MULTICENTRIC CASTLEMAN-DISEASE; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE; BETA-INTERFERON GENE; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; VIRAL LYTIC CYCLE; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA AB The key regulator of the switch from latent to lytic replication of the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; KSHV) is the replication and transcription activator (Rta), The ability of Rta to regulate cellular gene expression was examined by transient transfection into cells that were not infected with HHV-8, Rta induced some, but not all, NF-kappaB-responsive reporters through mechanisms that did not involve activation of classic forms of NF-kappaB Furthermore, transfection of the NF-kappaB subunit Rel A inhibited the ability of Rta to transactivate some but not all reporters. For example, Rel A inhibited the ability of Rta to transactivate the IL-6 promoter, but only when sequences upstream of the NF-kappaB site were present. The ability of Rel A to inhibit Rta-mediated transactivation was not dependent on a functional NF-kappaB site within the promoter, suggesting an indirect mechanism for inhibition. These studies suggest that Rta expression during lytic reactivation of HHV-8 would lead to expression of some cellular genes, including IL-6, whereas activation of NF-kappaB could inhibit some responses to Rta. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Program Biochem Cell & Dev Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Offermann, MK (reprint author), Winship Canc Inst, 1365-B Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 79402] NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 301 IS 2 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1582 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 600DY UT WOS:000178376400010 PM 12359431 ER PT J AU Masciotra, S Owen, SM Rudolph, D Yang, CF Wang, B Saksena, N Spira, T Dhawan, S Lal, RB AF Masciotra, S Owen, SM Rudolph, D Yang, CF Wang, B Saksena, N Spira, T Dhawan, S Lal, RB TI Temporal relationship between V1V2 variation, macrophage replication, and coreceptor adaptation during HIV-1 disease progression SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; V1V2 extension; disease progression ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING PHENOTYPE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; IN-VIVO; RECEPTOR-BINDING; V2 DOMAIN; HOST DETERMINANTS; VARIABLE LOOPS; V1/V2 REGION; SOLUBLE CD4 AB Background: Specific mutations in VPR and V2 potentially restrict HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Such restriction could potentially limit HIV replication in long-term non-progressors (LTNP), thus accounting for low viral load and delayed progression to AIDS. Objective: To examine whether a specific VPR phenotype (truncated versus non-truncated) correlates with disease progression and whether elongated V2 restricts viral replication in macrophages or alters viral tropism. Methods: Sequence analysis was carried for VPR and V1-V3 env from four rapid progressors (RPs), six late progressors (LPs), and three LTNPs in cohort of HIV-1-infected homosexual men. The replication kinetics of sequential isolates was examined in primary CD4 cells and macrophages and coreceptor usage was determined by GHOST infection assays. Results: No differences were found in the VPR protein from RP and LTNP isolates. Analysis of the V2 region revealed that all RPs maintained similar V2 lengths (40 aa), whereas LPs and LTNPs acquired additional amino acids (2-13 aa) in the V2 region. Coreceptor specificity revealed that RP switch from CCR5 to multiple coreceptor usage, whereas LTNPs maintained R5 viruses. Sequential isolates from each group revealed comparable replication efficiencies in both T-cells and macrophages, regardless of the V2 length or coreceptor utilization. In addition, cross-section analysis of six LTNPs from Australia revealed extended V2 with consistent usage of CCR5 coreceptor. Conclusion: The present results suggest that acquisition of a V2 extension over time in HIV-1-infected LPs/LTNPs appears to correlate with maintenance of CCR5 usage among LTNPs. These findings may be important for a better understanding of the host interactions and disease progression. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Sydney, Retroviral Genet Lab, Ctr Virus Res, Westmead Millennium Inst & Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Mol Virol Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DASTLR, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 50 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 27 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 14 BP 1887 EP 1898 DI 10.1097/00002030-200209270-00005 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 611WE UT WOS:000179040100005 PM 12351948 ER PT J AU Marks, G Richardson, JL Crepaz, N Stoyanoff, S Milam, J Kemper, C Larsen, RA Bolan, R Weismuller, P Hollander, H McCutchan, A AF Marks, G Richardson, JL Crepaz, N Stoyanoff, S Milam, J Kemper, C Larsen, RA Bolan, R Weismuller, P Hollander, H McCutchan, A TI Are HIV care providers talking with patients about safer sex and disclosure?: A multi-clinic assessment SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; HIV-positive persons; safer sex; disclosure; HIV care providers ID CESSATION INTERVENTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PHYSICIANS; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; OFFICE AB Objectives: To examine HIV-positive patients' reports of whether HIV care providers ever talked with them about practicing safer sex and disclosing seropositive status to sex partners. Design: Cross-sectional survey (1998-1999) of HIV-positive men and women sampled randomly at six public HIV clinics in California. Methods: Participants were interviewed and asked whether applicable clinic providers (physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, nurse, social worker, health educator, psychologist, psychiatrist) ever talked with them about safer sex or disclosure. Responses were analyzed by clinic site, HIV medical status (viral load), demographic, and behavioral variables (unprotected intercourse, non-disclosure). Results: The sample (n = 839) included heterosexual men (n = 127), men who have sex with men (MSM, n = 607), and women (n = 105). Thirty-nine percent were white, 36% Hispanic, 17% black, and 8% other/mixed ethnicity. Overall, 71% reported that an applicable provider had talked with them at least once about safer sex (range across clinics, 52-94%); 50% reported discussion of disclosure (range across clinics, 31-78%). Discussion of safer sex was more prevalent with physicians than with other clinic staff. In multivariate analyses, in addition to significant clinic differences, MSM (versus heterosexual men) and whites (versus blacks or Hispanics) were less likely to receive prevention messages on these topics. Patients' behaviors (unsafe sex, nondisclosure) and HIV medical status were not independently associated with provider communication. Conclusions: HIV clinics differed substantially in the percentage of patients who reported that they received prevention messages from clinic staff. Care providers should assess and overcome barriers to providing prevention messages to patients. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Santa Clara Valley Med Ctr, HIV Posit PACE Clin, San Jose, CA 95128 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Family Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Orange Cty Hlth Care Agcy, Santa Ana, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH 57208] NR 23 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 27 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 14 BP 1953 EP 1957 DI 10.1097/00002030-200209270-00013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 611WE UT WOS:000179040100013 PM 12351956 ER PT J CA Florida Dept Hlth Georigia Div Publ Hlth Food & Drug Adm CDC TI West Nile virus infection in organ donor and transplant recipients - Georgia and Florida, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 790, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 25 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 12 BP 1465 EP 1466 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 596AT UT WOS:000178142000008 ER PT J AU Fagan, J Galea, S Ahern, J Bonner, S Vlahov, D AF Fagan, J Galea, S Ahern, J Bonner, S Vlahov, D CA CDC TI Self-reported increase in asthma severity after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center - Manhattan, New York, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 781-784, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fagan, J (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 25 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 12 BP 1466 EP 1467 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 596AT UT WOS:000178142000009 ER PT J AU Melnik, TA Baker, CT Adams, ML O'Dowd, K Mokdad, AJ Murphy, W Giles, WH Bales, VS AF Melnik, TA Baker, CT Adams, ML O'Dowd, K Mokdad, AJ Murphy, W Giles, WH Bales, VS CA CDC TI Psychological and emotional effects of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center - Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 784-786, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Chron Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Svcs, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Melnik, TA (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Chron Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 25 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 12 BP 1467 EP 1468 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 596AT UT WOS:000178142000010 ER PT J AU Bonow, RO Smaha, LA Smith, SC Mensah, GA Lenfant, C AF Bonow, RO Smaha, LA Smith, SC Mensah, GA Lenfant, C TI World Heart Day 2002 - The international burden of cardiovascular disease: Responding to the emerging global epidemic SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; risk factors; hypertension; diabetes; obesity ID UNITED-STATES; OBESITY C1 NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bonow, RO (reprint author), Amer Heart Assoc, Off Sci Affairs, 7272 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 27 TC 206 Z9 214 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 24 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 13 BP 1602 EP 1605 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000035036.22612.2B PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 599AQ UT WOS:000178311500014 PM 12270848 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Staunton, CE AF Dellinger, AM Staunton, CE CA CDC TI Barriers to children walking and biking to school - United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 701-704, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 18 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 11 BP 1343 EP 1344 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 593TB UT WOS:000178008300004 ER PT J AU Bingham, T McFarland, W Shehan, DA LaLota, M Celentano, DD Koblin, BA Torian, LV MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GS Janssen, RS Roberts, GW AF Bingham, T McFarland, W Shehan, DA LaLota, M Celentano, DD Koblin, BA Torian, LV MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GS Janssen, RS Roberts, GW CA CDC TI Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors, and perceptions of risk among young black men who have sex with men - Six US cities, 1994-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 733-736, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID EPIDEMIC C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bingham, T (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 18 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 11 BP 1344 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 593TB UT WOS:000178008300005 ER PT J AU Britton, JA Gammon, MD Schoenberg, JB Stanford, JL Coates, RJ Swanson, CA Potischman, N Malone, KE Brogan, DJ Daling, JR Brinton, LA AF Britton, JA Gammon, MD Schoenberg, JB Stanford, JL Coates, RJ Swanson, CA Potischman, N Malone, KE Brogan, DJ Daling, JR Brinton, LA TI Risk of breast cancer classified by joint estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status among women 20-44 years of age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; case-control studies; receptors; estrogen; receptors; progesterone; risk factors ID BODY-SIZE; ENDOCRINE THERAPY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; YOUNGER WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; WHITE WOMEN; EARLY-ONSET; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB To gain insight into whether breast cancer tumors jointly classified by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status represent diseases with differing etiologies, data from a population-based case-control study of US women 20-44 years of age were analyzed. Cases included 1,556 women diagnosed between 1990 and 1992. Age- and geographic-frequency-matched controls included 1,397 women identified by random digit dialing. Heterogeneity between ER+PR+ and ER-PR- tumors was most pronounced in relation to age, race, and recreational exercise at 12-13 years of age. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for ER+PR+ tumors were 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.89) for 30-34 versus 40-44 years of age, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.25) for Black versus White race, and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.03) for exercise at 12-13 years of age above versus at or below the median. Corresponding odds ratios for ER-PR- tumors were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.77), 1.51 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.14), and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.48). Risk of ER-PR- cancer in relation to menstrual and reproductive (parity and lactation) characteristics, alcohol consumption, and family history of breast cancer was similar to that observed for ER+PR+ tumors. These findings only modestly support the hypothesis that hormonally related risk factors have differing relations with ER+PR+ versus ER-PR- tumors among younger women. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Canc Epidemiol Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Appl Res Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Brinton, LA (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Environm Hlth Sci, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 50 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 6 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf065 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 595UH UT WOS:000178126800003 PM 12225998 ER PT J AU Chuang, I Van Beneden, C Beall, B Schuchat, A AF Chuang, I Van Beneden, C Beall, B Schuchat, A CA Active Bacterial Core Suveillance TI Population-based surveillance for postpartum invasive group A streptococcus infections, 1995-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; WOUND INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; PYOGENES; DISEASE; SPREAD; FEVER AB Estimates of disease burden and data on the sources of invasive postpartum group A streptococcus (GAS) infections will help guide public health action. Active, population-based surveillance was conducted in 9 regions from 1995 through 2000. A case of GAS infection was defined as isolation of GAS from a sterile site in a resident of a surveillance area who was pregnant or in the postpartum period. Census and live birth data were used to calculate rates. Eighty-seven cases of postpartum GAS infection (2.2% of 3957 invasive GAS infections) occurred at 3%-8% of hospitals annually. We estimate that 220 cases occurred annually in the United States. Two or more cases were noted during 6 months at 8 hospitals, during 1 year at 13 hospitals, and during 2 years at 16 hospitals. Cases due to identical emm types clustered more frequently than expected by chance. Although postpartum GAS infections are rare, the clustering of infections due to identical strains suggests that some invasive cases may have a common source and, therefore, may be preventable. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chuang, I (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop 65, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 665 EP 670 AR UNSP 1058-4838/2002/3506-0004 DI 10.1086/342062 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 589MQ UT WOS:000177763200004 PM 12203162 ER PT J AU Messenger, SL Smith, JS Rupprecht, CE AF Messenger, SL Smith, JS Rupprecht, CE TI Emerging epidemiology of bat-associated cryptic cases of rabies in humans in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-STATE; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; VIRUS VARIANTS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; ISSUES; BITE AB In the United States, during the past half-century, the number of humans to die of rabies dramatically decreased to an average of 1-2 per year. Although the number of deaths is low, most deaths occur because individuals are unaware that they had been exposed to and infected with rabies virus, and, therefore, they do not seek effective postexposure treatment. Molecular epidemiological studies have linked most of these cryptic rabies exposures to rabies virus variants associated with insectivorous bats. In particular, virus variants associated with 2 relatively reclusive species, the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and the eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus), are the unexpected culprits of most cryptic cases of rabies in humans. C1 CDCP, Bioterrorism Response & Adv Technol Lab, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Messenger, SL (reprint author), CDCP, Bioterrorism Response & Adv Technol Lab, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, MS-G42,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 71 TC 116 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 738 EP 747 AR UNSP 1058-4838/2002/3506-0015 DI 10.1086/342387 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 589MQ UT WOS:000177763200015 PM 12203172 ER PT J AU Bresee, JS Widdowson, MA Monroe, SS Glass, RI AF Bresee, JS Widdowson, MA Monroe, SS Glass, RI TI Foodborne viral gastroenteritis: Challenges and opportunities SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CALICIVIRUS; INFECTION; NETHERLANDS; CONSUMPTION AB Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are estimated to be the most common causes of foodborne disease in the United States, accounting for two-thirds of all food-related illnesses. The epidemiologic features and disease burden associated with NLVs have, until recently, been poorly understood because of the lack of sensitive detection assays and the underuse of available diagnostic tools. However, the application of molecular techniques to diagnose and investigate outbreaks of infection during recent years has led to a growing appreciation of the importance of these agents. NLVs are a principal cause of outbreaks of acute- onset vomiting and diarrhea in all age groups-most commonly, via contamination of uncooked foods by infected food-handlers, but also via foods contaminated at their sources, such as oysters and raspberries. NLVs may also account for >10% of sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in children and adults. Future research will focus on the development of easy-to-use diagnostic assays based on antigen and antibody detection as well as vaccine development. Implementation of simple prevention measures, including correct food-handling practices, will continue to be a priority. C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bresee, JS (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 36 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 748 EP 753 AR UNSP 1058-4838/2002/3506-0016 DI 10.1086/342386 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 589MQ UT WOS:000177763200016 PM 12203173 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV AF Tauxe, RV TI Emerging foodborne pathogens SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th ICFMH Symposium on Necessary and Unwanted Bacteria in Food-Microbial Adaptation to Changing Environments CY AUG 18-23, 2002 CL LILLEHAMMER, NORWAY SP MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Res Inst DE foodborne pathogens; disease; bacteria ID BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA COMPLEX; UNITED-STATES; CYCLOSPORA-CAYETANENSIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; VIRUSES; CHOLERA; DISEASE; DEATH AB The broad spectrum of foodborne infections has changed dramatically over time, as well-established pathogens have been controlled or eliminated, and new ones have emerged. The burden of foodborne disease remains substantial: one in four Americans is estimated to have a significant foodborne illness each year. The majority of these illnesses are not accounted for by known pathogens, so more must remain to be discovered. Among the known foodborne pathogens, those more recently identified predominate, suggesting that as more and more is learned about pathogens, they come under control. In addition to the emergence or recognition of new pathogens, other trends include global pandemics of some foodborne pathogens, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the identification of pathogens that are highly opportunistic, affecting only the most high-risk subpopulations, and the increasing identification of large and dispersed outbreaks. New pathogens can emerge because of changing ecology or changing technology that connects a potential pathogen with the food chain. They also can emerge de novo by transfer of mobile virulence factors, often through bacteriophage. Though this is rarely observed, it can be reconstructed. Better understanding of the ecology and dynamics of phage transmission among bacteria will help us to understand the appearance of new pathogens in the future. One may look for emerging foodborne pathogens among the silent zoonoses, and among the severe infections affecting the immunocompromised humans. We should expect the unexpected. In the past, separating human sewage and animal manure from human food and water supplies was critical to improving public health. Now, our health depends increasingly on the safety of the feed and water supplies for the animals themselves. The successes of the 20th century and the new challenges we face mean that public health vigilance, careful investigation of new problems, responsible attention to food safety from farm to table, and partnerships to bring about new foodborne disease control measures will be needed for the foreseeable future. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 US PHS, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), US PHS, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. NR 48 TC 199 Z9 208 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 31 EP 41 AR PII S0168-1605(02)00232-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00232-5 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 587XB UT WOS:000177668400004 PM 12222636 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JH Childs, JE Thompson, HA AF McQuiston, JH Childs, JE Thompson, HA TI Q fever SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COXIELLA-BURNETII INFECTION; SHEEP; OUTBREAK; ABORTION; WILDLIFE; ENDOCARDITIS; PLACENTITIS; PNEUMONIA; EXPOSURE; VARIANTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McQuiston, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 52 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 221 IS 6 BP 796 EP 799 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.221.796 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 593WM UT WOS:000178017500017 PM 12322916 ER PT J AU Ringwald, P Sukwa, T Basco, LK Bloland, P Mendis, K AF Ringwald, P Sukwa, T Basco, LK Bloland, P Mendis, K TI Monitoring of drug-resistant malaria in Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID CHLOROQUINE C1 WHO Headquarters, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. WHO, Reg Off, Div Prevent & Control Communicable Dis, Malaria Unit, Harare, Zimbabwe. OCEAC, Lab Rech Paludisme, Yaounde, Cameroon. OCEAC, Lab Sante Publ, Yaounde, Cameroon. IRD, Unite Rech Paludol Afrotrop, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Chamblee, GA USA. WHo Headquarters, Dept Communicable Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ringwald, P (reprint author), WHO Headquarters, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 14 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9336 BP 875 EP 876 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09979-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 594MC UT WOS:000178053500036 PM 12243946 ER PT J AU Kramer, R Hayes, R Nolan, V Cotenoff, S Goodman, A Daley, WR Rubin, C Henderson, A Flanders, WD Smith, N AF Kramer, R Hayes, R Nolan, V Cotenoff, S Goodman, A Daley, WR Rubin, C Henderson, A Flanders, WD Smith, N TI Community needs assessment of lower Manhattan residents following the World Trade Center attacks - Manhattan, New York City, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, September 11, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hlth, New York, NY USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kramer, R (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hlth, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 10 BP 1227 EP 1228 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 592BW UT WOS:000177917700013 ER PT J AU Gutmann, DH Rasmussen, SA Wolkenstein, P MacCollin, MM Guha, A Inskip, PD North, KN Poyhonen, M Birch, PH Friedman, JM AF Gutmann, DH Rasmussen, SA Wolkenstein, P MacCollin, MM Guha, A Inskip, PD North, KN Poyhonen, M Birch, PH Friedman, JM TI Gliomas presenting after age 10 in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; TUMORS AB Children with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) often develop low-grade gliomas, but brain tumors are infrequently encountered in adults with NF1. The authors present evidence from two clinical series, one including patients known to have NF1 and another focusing on adults with new onset brain tumors, that suggests an association between NF1 and symptomatic gliomas in older individuals. They also summarize the clinical data on 17 adolescents or adults with NF1 and symptomatic gliomas. The findings suggest that individuals with NF1 are at increased risk of developing gliomas throughout their lives. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Paris 12, Hop Henri Mondor, AP HP, Dept Dermatol, F-94010 Creteil, France. Neurosci Ctr MGH E, Charlestown, MA USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Neurosurg, Toronto, ON, Canada. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Sydney, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Family Federat Finland, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki, Finland. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Gutmann, DH (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Box 8111,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RI North, Kathryn/K-6476-2012 OI North, Kathryn/0000-0003-0841-8009 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS36996] NR 10 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 5 BP 759 EP 761 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 591TU UT WOS:000177897000023 PM 12221173 ER PT J AU Dybul, M Fauci, AS Bartlett, JG Kaplan, JE Pau, AK AF Dybul, M Fauci, AS Bartlett, JG Kaplan, JE Pau, AK TI Guidelines for using antiretroviral agents among HIV-infected adults and adolescents - The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; TYPE-1 RNA LEVELS; CD4 CELL COUNTS; INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEVERE LACTIC-ACIDOSIS; BONE-MINERAL LOSS AB The availability of an increasing number of antiretroviral agents and the rapid evolution of new information have introduced substantial complexity into treatment regimens for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 1996, the Department of Health and Human Services and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation convened the Panel on Clinical Practices for the Treatment of HIV to develop guidelines for clinical management of HIV-infected adults and adolescents (CDC. Report of the NIH Panel To Define Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection and Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. MMWR. 1998;47[RR-5]:1-41). This report, which updates the 1998 guidelines, addresses 1) using testing for plasma HIV ribonucleic acid levels (i.e., viral load) and CD4(+) T cell count; 2) using testing for antiretroviral drug resistance; 3) considerations for when to initiate therapy; 4) adherence to antiretroviral therapy; 5) considerations for therapy among patients with advanced disease; 6) therapy-related adverse events; 7) interruption of therapy, 8) considerations for changing therapy and available therapeutic options; 9) treatment for acute HIV infection; 10) considerations for antiretroviral therapy among adolescents; 11) considerations for antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women; and 12) concerns related to transmission of HIV to others. Antiretroviral regimens are complex, have serious side effects, pose difficulty with adherence, and carry serious potential consequences from the development of viral resistance because of non-adherence to the drug regimen or suboptimal levels of antiretroviral agents. Patient education and involvement in therapeutic decisions are critical. Treatment should usually be offered to all patients with symptoms ascribed to HIV infection. Recommendations for offering antiretroviral therapy among asymptomatic patients require analysis of real and potential risks and benefits. In general, treatment should be offered to persons who have <350 CD4(+) T cells/mm(3) or plasma HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels of >55,000 copies/mL (by b-deoxyribonucleic acid [bDNA] or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] assays). The recommendation to treat asymptomatic patients should be based on the willingness and readiness of the pet-son to begin therapy; the degree of existing immunodeficiency as determined by the CD4(+) T cell count; the risk for disease progression as determined by the CD4(+) T cell count and level of plasma HIV RNA; the potential benefits and risks of initiating therapy in an asymptomatic person; and the likelihood, after counseling and education, of adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen. Treatment goals should be maximal and durable suppression of viral load, restoration and preservation of immunologic function, improvement of quality of life, and reduction of HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Results of therapy are evaluated through plasma HIV RNA levels, which are expected to indicate a 1.0 log(10) decrease at 2-8 weeks and no detectable virus (<50 copies/mL) at 4-6 months after treatment initiation. Failure of therapy at 4-6 months might be ascribed to nonadherence, inadequate potency of drugs or suboptimal levels of antiretroviral agents, viral resistance, and other factors that are poorly understood. Patients whose therapy fails in spite of a high level of adherence to the regimen should have their regimen changed; this change should be guided by a thorough drug treatment history and the results of drug-resistance testing. Because of limitations in Me available alternative antiretroviral regimens Mat have documented efficacy optimal changes in therapy might be difficult to achieve for patients in whom the preferred regimen has failed. These decisions are further confounded by problems with adherence, toxicity, and resistance. For certain patients, participating in a clinical trial with or without access to new drugs or using a regimen that might not achieve complete suppression of viral replication might be preferable. Because concepts regarding HIV management are evolving rapidly, readers should check regularly for additional information and updates at the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service website (http://www.hivatis.org). C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dybul, M (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 253 TC 214 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 5 BP 381 EP 433 PN 2 PG 53 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 592TJ UT WOS:000177952700001 PM 12617573 ER PT J AU Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK AF Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK TI Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons - 2002 - Recommendations of the US Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS; PRIMARY PROPHYLAXIS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL AB In 1995, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); these guidelines were updated in 1997 and 1999. This fourth edition of the guidelines, made available on the Internet in 2001, is intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected persons. The goal of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based guidelines for preventing OIs among HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women, and HIV-exposed or infected children. Nineteen OIs, or groups of OIs, are addressed, and recommendations are included for preventing exposure to opportunistic pathogens, preventing first episodes of disease by chemoprophylaxis or vaccination (primary prophylaxis), and preventing disease recurrence (secondary prophylaxis). Major changes since the last edition of the guidelines include 1) updated recommendations for discontinuing primary and secondary OI prophylaxis among persons whose CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts have increased in response to antiretroviral therapy; 2) emphasis on screening all HIV-infected persons for infection with hepatitis C virus; 3) new information regarding transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection; 4) new information regarding drug interactions, chiefly related to rifamycins and antiretroviral drugs; and 5) revised recommendations for immunizing HIV-infected adults and adolescents and HIV-exposed or infected children. C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Masur, H (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 146 TC 137 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 5 BP 435 EP 477 PN 2 PG 43 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 592TJ UT WOS:000177952700002 PM 12617574 ER PT J AU Jimenez, S Perez, A Gil, H Schantz, PM Ramalle, E Juste, RA AF Jimenez, S Perez, A Gil, H Schantz, PM Ramalle, E Juste, RA TI Progress in control of cystic echinococcosis in La Rioja, Spain: decline in infection prevalences in human and animal hosts and economic costs and benefits SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE cystic echinococcosis; control; dog echinococcosissheep hydatid cyst AB The Autonomous Community of La Rioja is a region in the north of Spain where the mean annual number of surgical cases of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was 50 (19 per 100000 inhabitants) during the years 1984-1987. This high clinical incidence prompted local authorities to implement a control program in 1986, whose methods and results are reported here. Initially, the program consisted in documenting the prevalence of CE in sheep and humans, communicating an awareness of the disease risks among the population, and treating all registered dogs with praziquantel at intervals of 45 days. Stray dogs were collected systematically, euthanized, and their intestines were examined for Echinococcus granulosus infection. Epidemiological data collected during the course of the program demonstrated that the major reservoirs of E. granulosus were the stray dogs, precisely the ones not receiving periodic praziquantel treatment. Therefore, the program emphasis was shifted to targeting critical points in the transmission of E. granulosus, including improved control of stray dogs, echinococcidal treatments of working sheep dogs, providing means for safe disposal of slaughtered sheep offal and safe disposal of dead sheep in sanitary pits. These measures led to a decline in prevalence of E. granulosus in dogs from 7.0% at the beginning of the program to 0.2% in 2000, i.e. a reduction of 97.2%. Prevalence of infection in adult sheep declined from 82.3 to 20.3%, i.e. a reduction of 75.4%, while the mean number of cysts per infected animal decreased from 6.5% to 0.58 (91% reduction). The rate of diagnoses of new cases in humans between these two dates dropped by 78.9%, from 19 to 4 per 100000 population. In terms of economic costs, these reductions were estimated to yield an increasing cumulative cost/benefit balance that was already positive on year 8 of the program (1994), and that reached 1.96 in year 2000. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NEIKER, Inst Vasco Invest & Desarrollo Agr, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Juste, RA (reprint author), NEIKER, Inst Vasco Invest & Desarrollo Agr, Berreaga 1, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain. RI Juste, Ramon/C-3570-2008 OI Juste, Ramon/0000-0001-6037-5873 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 83 IS 3 BP 213 EP 221 AR PII S0001-706X(02)00091-8 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00091-8 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 619CD UT WOS:000179455000003 PM 12204394 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Edwards, VJ Croft, JB AF Dube, SR Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Edwards, VJ Croft, JB TI Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE child abuse; alcoholism; dysfunctional family; alcohol abuse ID NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; CONSUMPTION; DRINKING; VIOLENCE; CHILDREN; STRESS; HEALTH; WOMEN; RISK AB Adult alcohol abuse has been linked to childhood abuse and family dysfunction. However, little information is available about the contribution of multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in combination with parental alcohol abuse, to the risk of later alcohol abuse. A questionnaire about childhood abuse, parental alcoholism and family dysfunction while growing up was completed by adult HMO members in order to retrospectively assess the independent relationship of eight ACES to the risk of adult alcohol abuse. The number of ACES was used in stratified logistic regression models to assess their impact on several adult alcohol problems in the presence or absence of parental alcoholism. Each of the eight individual ACEs was associated with a higher risk alcohol abuse as an adult. Compared to persons with no ACES, the risk of heavy drinking, self-reported alcoholism, and marrying an alcoholic were increased twofold to fourfold by the presence of multiple ACES, regardless of parental alcoholism. Prevention of ACES and treatment of persons affected by them may reduce the occurrence of adult alcohol problems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 200 Z9 203 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 713 EP 725 AR PII S0306-4603(01)00204-0 DI 10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00204-0 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 584WZ UT WOS:000177492900005 PM 12201379 ER PT J AU Page, RM Hammermeister, J Roland, M AF Page, RM Hammermeister, J Roland, M TI Are high school students accurate or clueless in estimating substance use among peers? SO ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; DRINKING NORMS; ALCOHOL; PERCEPTION AB The purpose of this study was to assess adolescents' estimations of the prevalence of alcohol and other drug use and to examine the consistency between these estimations and reported use. A survey was administered to 223 students in three northwestern U.S. high schools. Results showed that students in each of the three high schools grossly overestimated the prevalence of substance use when compared to self-reports of use. Still, students were not entirely clueless about the relative normativeness of substance use when comparing estimates and rates of use among the three schools. The school with the highest estimated prevalence of a particular substance use behavior generally also had the highest self-reported use of that same substance. These findings imply the need for high school personnel to provide students with accurate information about the actual prevalence of substance use within each school. C1 Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Phys Educ Hlth & Recreat, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Page, RM (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, 213 Richards Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIBRA PUBLISHERS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 3089C CLAIREMONT DR SUITE 383, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0001-8449 J9 ADOLESCENCE JI Adolescence PD FAL PY 2002 VL 37 IS 147 BP 567 EP 573 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 615EC UT WOS:000179232000008 PM 12458693 ER PT J AU Shulman, SA Smith, JP AF Shulman, SA Smith, JP TI A method for estimation of bias and variability of continuous gas monitor data: Application to carbon monoxide monitor accuracy SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accuracy; bias; evaluation of gas monitors; precision AB A method is presented for the evaluation of the bias, variability, and accuracy of gas monitors. This method is based on using the parameters for the fitted response curves of the monitors. Thereby, variability between calibrations, between dates within each calibration period, and between different units can be evaluated at several different standard concentrations. By combining variability information with bias information, accuracy can be assessed. An example using carbon monoxide monitor data is provided. Although the most general statistical software required for these tasks is not available on a spreadsheet, when the same number of dates in a calibration period are evaluated for each monitor unit, the calculations can be done on a spreadsheet. An example of such calculations, together with the formulas needed for their implementation, is provided. In addition, the methods can be extended by use of appropriate statistical models and software to evaluate monitor trends within calibration periods, as well as consider the effects of other variables, such as humidity and temperature, on monitor variability and bias. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Shulman, SA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R3, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 63 IS 5 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1080/15428110208984740 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 628KA UT WOS:000179992800003 PM 12529909 ER PT J AU Lieu, TA Finkelstein, JA Adams, MM Miroshnik, IL Lett, SM Palfrey, S Freed, GL Kleinman, K Ray, T Platt, R AF Lieu, TA Finkelstein, JA Adams, MM Miroshnik, IL Lett, SM Palfrey, S Freed, GL Kleinman, K Ray, T Platt, R TI Pediatricians' views on financial barriers and values for pneumococcal vaccine for children SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE economics; health policy; vaccines ID HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; PREFERENCES; INFANTS; RECOMMENDATIONS; ADOPTION AB Objectives.-To 1) describe barriers to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine adoption and 2) estimate the value of the vaccine based on pediatricians' responses to willingness-to-pay questions. Methods.-In June 2000, we mailed a random sample of pediatricians in Massachusetts a questionnaire about barriers to adoption of the vaccine and willingness to pay for the vaccine and associated outcomes. Respondents were assigned at random to 1 of 2 survey versions: the Personal Perspective version, for which they imagined spending their own money for their own child, or the Public Perspective version, for which they imagined spending the government's money for the average child. Results.-Of the 546 pediatricians who responded (estimated completion rate, 80%), only 9% were using the vaccine routinely at the time of the survey. Most said that if the state did not provide the vaccine, financial barriers including inadequate insurance reimbursement would limit their use of the vaccine either a great deal (61%) or a moderate amount (25%). Pediatricians who were asked how much they would pay for the vaccine for their own child (personal perspective) gave a mean of $56 per dose, whereas those who were asked how much the government should pay on behalf of an average child (public perspective) gave a mean of $36 per dose. Alternatively, when we used a decision analysis model and incorporated pediatricians' values for preventing pneumococcal infections to estimate the vaccine's value, the value per dose was $38 from the personal perspective and $34 from the public perspective. Conclusions.-Pediatricians in Massachusetts identified significant financial barriers to the adoption of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine related to insurance arrangements. Based on willingness-to-pay questions, the value of the vaccine is lower than the current list price. The methods used to estimate the value of a vaccine, including the perspective used to frame questions, may substantially influence the results. C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Immunizat, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Lieu, TA (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR6/CCU 117611] NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 2 IS 5 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1367/1539-4409(2002)002<0358:PVOFBA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 599KC UT WOS:000178332800003 PM 12241131 ER PT J AU Lawson, CC LeMasters, GK Levin, LS Liu, JH AF Lawson, CC LeMasters, GK Levin, LS Liu, JH TI Pregnancy hormone metabolite patterns, pregnancy symptoms, and coffee consumption SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caffeine; coffee; estrogens; gonadotropins, chorionic; nausea; pregnancy; progesterone ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; CAFFEINE INTAKE; REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES; RISK; URINE; CONCEPTION; PROFILES AB Because of contradictory reports of pregnancy outcomes and coffee intake, this study was designed to determine how hormone metabolite levels, symptoms, and coffee consumption patterns are related. Eligible subjects were recruited in Cincinnati, Ohio, from 1996 to 1998, aged 18-40 years, and nonsmokers; drank at least 18 ounces (1 ounce = 29.6 ml) of coffee per week (including decaffeinated) at the last menstrual period; and were enrolled by 9 weeks from the last menstrual period. Beverage consumption and pregnancy symptoms were recorded daily. Weekly, first-morning urine samples were collected to assess human chorionic gonadotropin, estrone-3-glucuronide, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide. A time-dependent, repeated measures analysis was performed to test several associations. Data from 92 subjects were analyzed with the following results. 1) Coffee consumption was significantly, inversely associated with weekly levels of estrone-3-glucuronide and human chorionic gonadotropin. 2) Weekly hours of nausea were significantly, directly associated with human chorionic gonadotropin and inversely with estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide. 3) Weekly coffee consumption was significantly associated with vomiting but not with nausea or appetite loss. 4) Weekly levels of pregnanediol-3-glucuronide were 32.2% lower in subjects who drank at least 8 ounces of coffee/day at the last menstrual period, though above what was necessary to maintain those pregnancies. This study shows the significance of these important variables to be considered in future research. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. MacDonald Womens Hosp, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Lawson, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO6096-07] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 5 BP 428 EP 437 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf035 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 589QK UT WOS:000177771400006 PM 12196312 ER PT J AU Briggs, NC Levine, RS Bobo, LD Haliburton, WP Brann, EA Hennekens, CH AF Briggs, NC Levine, RS Bobo, LD Haliburton, WP Brann, EA Hennekens, CH TI Wine drinking and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men in the United States: A population-based case-control study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; alcoholic beverages; epidemiologic factors; lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's; preventive medicine; public health; risk factors; wine ID ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; HEART-DISEASE; CANCER; MORTALITY; RESVERATROL; GRAPES; COHORT; CLASSIFICATION; NEOPLASMS; TOBACCO AB The relation between wine consumption and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was investigated using data from the Selected Cancers Study. Cases (n = 960) were men aged 32-60 years diagnosed with NHL from 1984 to 1988 and identified from eight US population-based cancer registries. Controls (n = 1,717) were men recruited by random digit dialing and frequency matched to cases by age and registry. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, registry, race/ethnicity, education, and smoking. Odds ratios for men who consumed less than one and those who consumed one or more wine drinks per day were 0.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 1.3) and 0.4 (95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.9) compared with nondrinkers, respectively (p for trend = 0.02). Among wine drinkers who consumed alcohol beverages from ages 16 years or less, odds ratios for intakes of less than one and one or more wine drinks per day were 0.4 (95% confidence interval: 0.2, 0.97) and 0.3 (95% confidence interval: 0.1, 0.8), respectively (p for trend = 0.004). No associations were evident for beer or spirits. These data show that consumption of wine, but not of beer or spirits, is associated with a reduced NHL risk. C1 Meharry Med Coll, Dept Internal Med, Div Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Miami Heart Inst, Miami, FL USA. RP Briggs, NC (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept Internal Med, Div Prevent Med, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 5 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf058 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 589QK UT WOS:000177771400009 PM 12196315 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, KJ McMahon, BJ Deubner, H Hsu-Trawinski, B Williams, JL Kowdley, KV AF Hurlburt, KJ McMahon, BJ Deubner, H Hsu-Trawinski, B Williams, JL Kowdley, KV TI Prevalence of autoimmune liver disease in Alaska natives SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY BILIARY-CIRRHOSIS; PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; CHOLANGIOPATHY AB OBJECTIVE: There is limited information on the prevalence of autoimmune liver disease in nonwhite populations. We conducted a population-based study on the prevalence of autoimmune liver diseases in Alaska natives. METHODS: Clinical records from 1984 to July, 2000 were reviewed to identify Alaska natives with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune cholangitis, and overlap syndromes of two of the above. AIH was defined as definite or probable, based on criteria established by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. The diagnosis of PBC was based on a positive antimitochondrial antibody of greater than or equal to1: 40, biochemical evidence of cholestasis, and compatible liver biopsy. Autoimmune cholangitis was defined as PBC but without a positive antimitochondrial antibody. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed on the basis of cholangiogram. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients with possible autoimmune liver disease were identified. Of these, 42 had definite and seven probable AIH. At presentation, 34.7% of patients with AM presented with acute icteric hepatitis, and 65.3% were asymptomatic. Persons presenting with mild or no symptoms were more likely to have moderate to severe fibrosis on liver biopsy than those presenting with jaundice. Eighteen persons were diagnosed with PBC, five with autoimmune cholangitis, five with overlap syndrome, and none with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The combined point prevalence of AIH Alaska natives was 42.9/100,000 (95% Cl = 31-57.7). The prevalence of PBC was 16/ 100,000 (95% Cl = 12.9-25.4). CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study demonstrates that the prevalence rates of AIH and PBC in Alaska natives are comparable with reported rates in other populations. C1 Alaska Native Med Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Program, ANC HEP, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Alaska Native Med Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Program, ANC HEP, 4315 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 21 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 97 IS 9 BP 2402 EP 2407 AR PII S0002-9270(02)04376-9 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 597PJ UT WOS:000178229700040 PM 12358264 ER PT J AU Miller, AK Tepper, A Sieber, K AF Miller, AK Tepper, A Sieber, K TI Historical risks of tuberculin skin test conversion among non-physician staff at a large urban hospital SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; hospital workers; occupational exposure; nosocomial transmission; tuberculin skin test ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; EMPLOYEES; PROGRAM AB Background Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among workers at a 1000-bed inner-city hospital led to an extensive evaluation of this risk among workers with potential exposure to TB patients or laboratory specimens. Methods Retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence and risk of tuberculin skin test (TST) conversions among workers employed 1/1/90 to 9/30/92. Results Personal, community, and occupational risk factors were evaluated in 2,362 workers with potential M. tuberculosis exposure and 886 workers with no known exposure. The 33-month cumulative rate of TST conversion was 5.8% for potentially exposed workers and 2.0% for controls (RR 3.6; 95% CI; 2.2-5.8). Among workers with potential M. tuberculosis exposure, statistically significantly elevated risks were found for nurses, laboratory technicians, pharmacy workers, phlebotomists, housekeepers, clerks, emergency room workers, and emergency responders. Conclusions Workers with patient contact and those employed in certain occupational groups were at increased risk for occupational M. tuberculosis infection. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Div Surveillance, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Miller, AK (reprint author), US PHS, DHHS, Reg VIII,1961 Stout St,Room 498, Denver, CO 80294 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1002/ajim.10108 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 585AK UT WOS:000177500800006 PM 12210691 ER PT J AU Olney, RS Hoyme, HE AF Olney, RS Hoyme, HE TI Response to Olney et al. - "Limb/pelvis hypoplasia/aplasia with skull defect (Schinzel phocomelia): Distinctive features and prenatal detection" - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID ROTHSCHILD SYNDROME C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Olney, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 111 IS 4 BP 458 EP 458 DI 10.1002/ajmg.10504 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 586AW UT WOS:000177560700025 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB AF Curtis, KM Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB TI Disruption of the endometrial-myometrial border during pregnancy as a risk factor for adenomyosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenomyosis; endometrial trauma; risk factor AB We assessed surgical disruption of the endometrial-myometrial border during pregnancy as a risk factor for adenomyosis in a cohort of 1850 women undergoing hysterectomy during 1978 to 1981. Women who had 3 or more abortions when sharp curettage was common were at increased risk for adenomyosis; women who had curettage procedures or cesarean deliveries were not. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 187 IS 3 BP 543 EP 544 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.124285 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 598BZ UT WOS:000178256400004 PM 12237624 ER PT J AU Park, JC Buono, D Smith, DK Peipert, JF Sobel, J Rompalo, A Klein, RS AF Park, JC Buono, D Smith, DK Peipert, JF Sobel, J Rompalo, A Klein, RS CA HERS Grp TI Urinary tract infections in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial infection; epidemiology; women; urinary tract ID TUBERCULOSIS; BACTERIURIA; MEN; MANIFESTATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PNEUMONIA; COHORT; HIV-1; AIDS AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk for urinary tract infection in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of 871 women who were human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and 439 women who were human immunodeficiency virus seronegative was conducted, with additional semiannual interviews, human immunodeficiency virus serologic evaluation, human immunodeficiency viral load determination, T-cell subset test, urinalysis, pregnancy test, and selected quantitative urine culture examination. RESULTS: At baseline, 26 women (3.0%) who were human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and 14 women (3.2%) who were human immunodeficiency virus seronegative women had urinary tract infections (P = .97). During 4280 person-years of follow-up, incident urinary tract infections was associated significantly with <12 years education (adjusted risk ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.01-2.00), public assistance (adjusted risk ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.11-2.60), pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.04-4.53), and recent previous urinary tract infection (adjusted risk ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.16-2.86), but not with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Among women who were human immunodeficiency virus seropositive, risk was associated with viral load (adjusted risk ratio, per log(10) increase 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03-1.63), but not with CD4+ lymphocyte count. CONCLUSION: Risk for urinary tract infection is not associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection but is associated with viral load among women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus. C1 Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Klein, RS (reprint author), Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU506831] NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 187 IS 3 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.125894 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 598BZ UT WOS:000178256400011 PM 12237631 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Kreiss, K Levin, H Alexander, D Cain, WS Girman, JR Hines, CJ Jensen, PA Milton, DK Rexroat, LP Wallingford, KM AF Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Kreiss, K Levin, H Alexander, D Cain, WS Girman, JR Hines, CJ Jensen, PA Milton, DK Rexroat, LP Wallingford, KM TI Improving the health of workers in indoor environments: Priority research needs for a national occupational research agenda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SICK-BUILDING-SYNDROME; AIR EXCHANGE-RATE; OFFICE BUILDINGS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; RHINOVIRUS COLDS; VENTILATION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; ASTHMA; INFECTIONS AB Indoor nonindustrial work environments were designated a priority research area through the nationwide stakeholder process that created the National Occupational Research Agenda. A multidisciplinary research team used member consensus and quantitative estimates, with extensive external review, to develop a specific research agenda. The team outlined the following priority research topics: building-influenced communicable respiratory infections, building-related asthma/allergic diseases, and nonspecific building-related symptoms; indoor environmental science; and methods for increasing implementation of healthful building practices. Available data suggest that improving building environments may result in health benefits for more than 15 million of the 89 million US indoor workers, with estimated economic benefits of $5 to $75 billion annually. Research on these topics, requiring new collaborations and resources, offers enormous potential health and economic returns. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. Bldg Ecol Res Grp, San Diego, CA USA. Amer Federat Teachers, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US Gen Serv Adm, Publ Bldg Serv, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Milton, Donald/G-3286-2010 OI Milton, Donald/0000-0002-0550-7834 NR 73 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1430 EP 1440 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.9.1430 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 587UM UT WOS:000177661900016 PM 12197969 ER PT J AU Chen, JL Callahan, DB Kerndt, PR AF Chen, JL Callahan, DB Kerndt, PR TI Syphilis control among incarcerated men who have sex with men: Public health response to an outbreak SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY SYPHILIS; AZITHROMYCIN C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Epidemiol Invest Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1473 EP 1475 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.9.1473 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 587UM UT WOS:000177661900024 PM 12197977 ER PT J AU Acton, KJ Burrow, NR Moore, K Querec, L Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM AF Acton, KJ Burrow, NR Moore, K Querec, L Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM TI Trends in diabetes prevalence among American Indian and Alaska native children, adolescents, and young adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PIMA-INDIANS; HEALTH; CARE; MELLITUS; POPULATION; PREVENTION; US AB Objectives. This study determined trends in diabetes prevalence among young American Indians and Alaska Natives. Methods. American Indian and Alaska Native children (< 15 years), adolescents (15-19 years), and young adults (20-34 years) with diabetes were identified from the Indian Health Service (IHS) outpatient database. The population living within IHS contract health service delivery areas was determined from census data. Results. From 1990 to 1998, the total number of young American Indians and Alaska Natives with diagnosed diabetes increased by 71% (4534 to 7736); prevalence increased by 46% (6.4 per 1000 to 9.3 per 1000 population). Increases in prevalence were greater among adolescents and among young men. Conclusions. Diabetes should be considered a major public health problem among young American Indians and Alaska Natives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Burrow, NR (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1485 EP 1490 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.9.1485 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 587UM UT WOS:000177661900028 PM 12197981 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW Chambers, TV Crabtree, MB Bhatt, TR Guirakhoo, F Monath, TP Miller, BR AF Johnson, BW Chambers, TV Crabtree, MB Bhatt, TR Guirakhoo, F Monath, TP Miller, BR TI Growth characteristics of ChimeriVax(TM)-DEN2 vaccine virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; RECOMBINANT; LIVE; IMMUNOGENICITY; CONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION; CANDIDATE AB The chimeric yellow fever (YF) 17D-dengue type 2 (ChimeriVax(TM)-DEN2) vaccine virus developed h Acambis. Inc. (Cambridge, MA) contains the prM and E genes of wild-type (wt) dengue 2 (DEN-2) (strain PUO-218) virus in the YF vaccine virus (strain 17D) backbone. The potential of ChimeriVax(TM)-DEN2 virus to infect and he transmitted by Aedes aegypti, the principal DEN and YF virus mosquito vector, and Aedes albopictus, a species that occurs in areas of active transmission of YF and DEN viruses, was evaluated. Mosquitoes were intrathoracically (IT) inoculated with virus or were fed a virus-laden blood meal, and the replication kinetics of ChimeriVax(TM)-DEN2 were compared with the wt DEN-2 and YF 17D vaccine viruses. Replication of YF 171) virus is attenuated in cultured Ae. albopictus C6/36 mosquito cells and in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, Growth of ChimeriVax(TM)-DEN2 virus similarly was restricted in C6/36 cells and in mosquitoes. ChimeriVax(TM)-DEN2 replicated in 50% of IT inoculated Ae. aegypti, and virus disseminated to head tissue in 36%, with a mean viral titer of 1.8 log(10) PFU/mosquito. Of mosquitoes. 16% of Ae. aegypti and 24% of Ae. albopictus were infected 14 days after a blood meal containing ChimeriVax(TM)-DEN2, but virus did not disseminate to head tissue. In contrast, DEN-2 replicated in all IT inoculated and orally infected Ae. aegypti (mean titer 5.5 log(10)) PFU/mosquito). and virus disseminated to head tissue in 95%. Of albopictus, 84%, were infected after a blood meal containing DEN-2 virus dissemination occurred in 36%. Replication of ChimeriVax(TM)DEN2 virus in mosquitoes corresponded to that of YF 17D vaccine virus. which is restricted in its ability to infect and replicate in mosquitoes. Therefore, transmission of ChimeriVaX(TM)-DEN2 virus by vector mosquitoes is unlikely. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Acambis Inc, Cambridge, England. RP Miller, BR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-00-011] NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 260 EP 265 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 604QW UT WOS:000178633400008 PM 12408664 ER PT J AU Vanlandingham, DL Davis, BS Lvov, DK Samokhvalov, EI Lvov, SD Black, WC Higgs, S Beaty, BJ AF Vanlandingham, DL Davis, BS Lvov, DK Samokhvalov, EI Lvov, SD Black, WC Higgs, S Beaty, BJ TI Molecular characterization of California serogroup viruses isolated in Russia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TAHYNA VIRUSES; INKOO; BUNYAVIRIDAE; SEQUENCES; USSR AB Nucleotide sequencing was used to characterize unidentified California (CAL) serogroup virus isolates from Russia. These viruses were isolated from mosquitoes and humans during epidemiologic investigations on the role of CAL serogroup viruses in the increased incidence of arboviral encephalitis in Russia. Most of the isolates were identified serologically as snowshoe hare (SSH), Inkoo (INK), and Tahyna (TAH) viruses. but sonic of the isolates were difficult to classify serologically, suggesting that they could be reassortant viruses. There is evidence that Lit least 2 of these viruses are not reassortant viruses. Sequence analysis revealed that the Russian viruses differ from other Eurasian and North American CAL serogroup viruses in all of the segments analyzed. They are most closely related to SSH virus, Whether they differ sufficiently to be considered a new group of SSH-like viruses remains to be determined. C1 Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, DI Ivanovskii Virol Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Beaty, BJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Foothills Campus,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 306 EP 309 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 604QW UT WOS:000178633400017 PM 12408673 ER PT J AU Dumans, AT Soares, MA Pieniazek, D Kalish, ML De Vroey, V Hertogs, K Tanuri, A AF Dumans, AT Soares, MA Pieniazek, D Kalish, ML De Vroey, V Hertogs, K Tanuri, A TI Prevalence of protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations over time in drug-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS; PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; COMBINATION THERAPY; MILITARY PERSONNEL; SUBTYPE-B; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INHIBITORS; SEROCONVERTERS AB The prevalence of mutations that confer resistance to protease inhibitors and to nucleoside and normucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 49 blood samples from drug-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected blood donors living in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, in 1998 was evaluated genotypically and phenotypically. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Mol Virol Lab, Dept Genet, BR-21944970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biomed, Dept Ciencias Morfol, Unidade Genet, BR-21944970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. VIRCO NV, Tibotec, B-2800 Mechelen, Belgium. RP Tanuri, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Mol Virol Lab, Dept Genet, CCS,Bl A,sala A2-121,Cidade Univ,Ilha Fundao, BR-21944970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 BP 3075 EP 3079 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.9.3075-3079.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 585FQ UT WOS:000177515000055 PM 12183276 ER PT J AU Baum, SE Crawford, SA McElmeel, ML Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH AF Baum, SE Crawford, SA McElmeel, ML Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH TI Comparative activities of the oxazolidinone AZD2563 and linezolid against selected recent north American isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; INHIBITORS; MANAGEMENT AB The activity of A-ZD2563 against 250 highly resistant pneumococci and 267 drug-susceptible isolates was determined. The AZD2563 MICs for 50 and 90% of the strains tested were 1 and 2 mug/ml and 0.5 and 1 mug/ml, respectively, for the two isolate groups. These MICs were within 1 log(2) dilution of those of linezolid. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jorgensen, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 BP 3094 EP 3095 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.9.3094-3095.2002 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 585FQ UT WOS:000177515000060 PM 12183281 ER PT J AU Lukacs, SL France, EK Baron, AE Crane, LA AF Lukacs, SL France, EK Baron, AE Crane, LA TI Effectiveness of an asthma management program for pediatric members of a large health maintenance organization SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; INNER-CITY CHILDREN; INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EDUCATION; HOSPITALIZATION; IMPACT; APPROPRIATE; OUTCOMES AB Objective: To assess the impact of an asthma management program on the dispensing of inhaled corticosteroids, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits on children, adolescents, and young adults. Design: We used medical record and pharmacy data for the 18 months after initiation of a pilot asthma management program. Two intervention offices were matched with 2 control offices on pediatric volume, number of pediatricians or family practitioners, and specialist availability. Setting: Primary care offices at Kaiser Permanente Colorado, in Denver and Boulder. Patients: We identified 298 patients, 18 years or younger,who were listed in an asthma registry between February 1 and July 31, 1997, as having moderate or severe asthma. Intervention: The Kaiser Permanente Colorado Asthma Care Management Program is an outpatient-based program that provides comprehensive evaluation, education, and follow-up to patients identified from an asthma registry or referred by providers. Main Outcome Measures: The proportion of patients who received more than I dispensing of inhaled corticosteroid during the observation period, Additional outcomes measured the proportion of patients with 1 or more hospitalizations or ED visits. Results: A significantly greater proportion of patients from the intervention group received more than 1 dispensing of inhaled corticosteroid compared with controls (relative risk [RR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1,08-1.72). We found no significant difference in the proportion of patients who were hospitalized (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.48-3.71) or visited the ED (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.49-1.40). Conclusions: The presence of an asthma management program may improve dispensing of inhaled corticosteroids to young patients with moderate or severe asthma, as recommended by national guidelines. This type of program may not have an effect on hospitalizations or ED visits. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Dept Prevent Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Lukacs, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 790, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 156 IS 9 BP 872 EP 876 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 591BG UT WOS:000177859400007 PM 12197793 ER PT J AU Dragomir, AD Arab, L Luta, G Renner, JB Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Dragomir, AD Arab, L Luta, G Renner, JB Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM TI Current hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and symptomatic knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) in postmenopausal African-American and caucasian women. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S469 EP S469 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421801273 ER PT J AU Dragomir, AD Kraus, VB Stabler, T Luta, G Renner, JB Arab, L Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Dragomir, AD Kraus, VB Stabler, T Luta, G Renner, JB Arab, L Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM TI Lower levels of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in postmenopausal African-American and caucasian women on current hormone replacement therapy (HRT). SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S373 EP S373 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421800997 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM FitzGerald, SJ Macera, CA Blair, SN AF Hootman, JM FitzGerald, SJ Macera, CA Blair, SN TI Lower extremity muscle strength and risk of hip/knee osteoarthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cooper Inst Aerob Res, Dallas, TX USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S227 EP S227 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421800565 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Kraus, VB AF Jordan, JM Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Kraus, VB TI Serum hyaluronic acid levels and radiographic knee Osteoarthritis in African-Americans and caucasians. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S464 EP S464 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421801259 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Kraus, VB AF Jordan, JM Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Kraus, VB TI Serum c-reactive protein (CRP) and osteoarthritis (OA). SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S373 EP S373 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421800996 ER PT J AU Lethbridge-Cejku, M Creamer, P Scott, WW Ling, SM Metter, J Hochberg, MC AF Lethbridge-Cejku, M Creamer, P Scott, WW Ling, SM Metter, J Hochberg, MC TI Weight loss is associated with reduced risk of incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis in men but not in women: Data from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Southmead Gen Hosp, Bristol, Avon, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NIA, IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S467 EP S467 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421801267 ER PT J AU Ling, SM Metter, EJ Lethbridge-Cejku, M AF Ling, SM Metter, EJ Lethbridge-Cejku, M TI Age and gender modify the relationship between Osteoarthritis of the knee and bone density. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S466 EP S466 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421801265 ER PT J AU Siaton, BC Dragomir, AD Luta, G Renner, JB Callahan, LF Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Siaton, BC Dragomir, AD Luta, G Renner, JB Callahan, LF Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM TI Associations between limited educational attainment and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis are not explained by lack of exposure to hormone replacment therapy. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S465 EP S465 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421801261 ER PT J AU Whitworth, WC Bridges, SL Eskdale, J Gallagher, G Kuffner, T Sharp, JT Jonas, B Conn, D Oppong, J Fajman, W Carpenter, W Tigges, S McNicholl, J AF Whitworth, WC Bridges, SL Eskdale, J Gallagher, G Kuffner, T Sharp, JT Jonas, B Conn, D Oppong, J Fajman, W Carpenter, W Tigges, S McNicholl, J TI Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 polymorphisms in African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis: Susceptibility and severity. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 24-29, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP S269 EP S269 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 600ZN UT WOS:000178421800688 ER PT J AU Sieber, WK Petersen, MR Stayner, LT Malkin, R Mendell, MJ Wallingford, KM Wilcox, TG Crandall, MS Reed, L AF Sieber, WK Petersen, MR Stayner, LT Malkin, R Mendell, MJ Wallingford, KM Wilcox, TG Crandall, MS Reed, L TI HVAC characteristics and occupant health SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. MS Crandall Grp, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Sieber, WK (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 44 IS 9 BP 49 EP + PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 592DL UT WOS:000177921400012 ER PT J AU Kozak, LJ Weeks, JD AF Kozak, LJ Weeks, JD TI US trends in obstetric procedures, 1990-2000 SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DELIVERY AB Background: During the 1980s the rate of obstetric procedures performed during delivery rose precipitously. This study follows the use of obstetric procedures through the 1990s to explore whether the patterns witnessed in the previous decade continued through the next. Methods: Data on total obstetric procedures and eight specific procedures (cesarean section, medical and surgical induction of labor, other artificial rupture of membranes, episiotomy, repair of current obstetric laceration, vacuum extraction, forceps delivery) were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, a nationally representative survey of discharges from short-stay non-Federal hospitals. Approximately 32,000 records,for women with deliveries were included in the survey each year. Results: The total rate of all obstetric procedures did not change significantly from 1990 through 2000. However, as during the 1980s, rates increased for induction of labor, vacuum extraction, and repair of current obstetric laceration. Rates decreased for forceps delivery and episiotomy, also continuing 1980s trends. After a long period of increase, the rate of cesarean section declined from 1988 to 1995 but increased again from 1995 to 2000. Conclusions: Unlike the 1980s, the overall rate of obstetric procedures did not increase from 1990 to 2000, but the mix of obstetric procedures performed continued to change during this period. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hosp Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Longitudinal Studies Aging Populat Epidemiol Bran, Div Epidemiol,Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Kozak, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hosp Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 952, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 23 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD SEP PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 584AP UT WOS:000177445300002 PM 12153645 ER PT J AU Vogel, I Glavind-Kristensen, M Thorsen, P Armbruster, FP Uldbjerg, N AF Vogel, I Glavind-Kristensen, M Thorsen, P Armbruster, FP Uldbjerg, N TI S-relaxin as a predictor of preterm delivery in women with symptoms of preterm labour SO BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERUM RELAXIN; PORCINE RELAXIN; CLINICAL-TEST; HUMAN CERVIX; MEMBRANES; TRIAL; RAT AB Objective To evaluate whether serum relaxin (S-relaxin) can predict spontaneous delivery before 34 weeks of gestation in high risk pregnancies. Design A prospective cohort study. Setting Calculated sample size was reached over a two-year period, during which 9507 women gave birth. Of these, 157 healthy women were eligible for the study as they were admitted with symptoms of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. Ninety-three women were included. Overall participation rate was 59%. Population Healthy women with singleton pregnancies with symptoms of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. Methods S-relaxin was measured using a standard sandwich ELISA. Main outcome measures End points were preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation and delivery within three days from initiation of symptoms. The best possible prediction of preterm delivery was established using logistic regression for risk factors individually associated with preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. S-relaxin was dichotomised to obtain best possible fit and then entered into the model. The same analyses were done for delivery within three days. Results Median S-relaxin levels varied significantly in the women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) (316 pg/mL), contractions (222 pg/mL) or ripe cervices (203 pg/mL) (P < 0.05). S-relaxin above the 80th centile (&GE;300 pg/mL) was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery [crude OR = 4.8; (95% CI: 1.9-12)]. Likelihood ratio of a positive test is 2.6 (1.5-4.9) and S-relaxin resulted in a post-test probability of preterm delivery of 0.72, compared with a pre-test probability of 0.49. S-relaxin contributed to the identification of delivery within three days [adj. OR = 11 (95% CI: 1.8-64)]. Conclusion S-relaxin may be a useful predictor in women with symptoms of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. C1 Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control, Dev Disabil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Immundiagnostik, Bensheim, Germany. RP Vogel, I (reprint author), Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. OI Uldbjerg, Niels/0000-0002-6449-6426 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-0328 J9 BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY JI BJOG PD SEP PY 2002 VL 109 IS 9 BP 977 EP 982 AR PII S1470-0328(02)01187-4 DI 10.1016/S1470-0328(02)01187-4 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 594NV UT WOS:000178057800003 PM 12269692 ER PT J AU Bedard, Y Henriques, WD AF Bedard, Y Henriques, WD TI Modern information technologies in environmental health surveillance - An overview and analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Health Indicators CY OCT, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA AB In recent years we have witnessed the massive introduction of new information technologies that are drastically changing the face of our society. These technologies are being implemented en masse in developed countries, but also in some pockets of developing nations as well. They rely on the convergence of several technologies such as powerful and affordable computers, real-time electronic measurement and monitoring devices, massive production of digital information in different formats, and faster, wireless communication media. Such technologies are having significant impacts on every domain of application, including environmental health surveillance. The current paper provides an overview of those technologies that are having or will likely have the most significant impacts on environmental health. They include World Wide Web-based systems and applications, Database Management Systems and Universal Servers, and GIS and related technologies. The usefulness of these technologies as well as the desire to use them further in the future in the context of environmental health are discussed. Expanding the development and use of these technologies to obtain support for global environmental health will require major efforts in the areas of data access, training and support. C1 Univ Laval, Ctr Res Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bedard, Y (reprint author), Univ Laval, Ctr Res Geomat, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 8R1, CANADA SN 0008-4263 J9 CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Can. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 93 SU 1 BP S29 EP S33 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 612GE UT WOS:000179065500006 PM 12425172 ER PT J AU Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT AF Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT TI Sentinel human health indicators: To evaluate the health status of vulnerable communities SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Health Indicators CY OCT, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA ID GREAT-LAKES FISH; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BELIEF MODEL; EXPOSURE; CONSUMPTION; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; MICHIGAN; CHILDREN AB The presence of toxic substances in the Great Lakes (GL) basin continues to be a significant concern. In the United States, some 70,000 commercial and industrial compounds are now in use. More than 30,000 are produced or used in the Great Lakes ecosystem. These substances include organochlorines (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, dieldrin, etc.), heavy metals such as methylmercury, and alkylated lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene). The IJC has identified 42 locations in the GL basin of the United States and Canada as Areas of Concern (AOCs) because of high concentrations of these toxic substances. In 1990 the U.S. Congress amended the Great Lakes Critical Programs Act to create The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) to begin to address these issues. This program characterizes exposures to contaminants via consumption of GL fish and investigates the potential for short- and long-term adverse health effects. This paper reviews the GLHHERP program and indicators established to monitor and address the risks posed by these substances to vulnerable populations in the Great Lakes ecosystem. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Hicks, HE (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,M-S E-29, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 8R1, CANADA SN 0008-4263 J9 CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Can. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 93 SU 1 BP S57 EP S61 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 612GE UT WOS:000179065500011 PM 12425177 ER PT J AU Stark, A Prince, A Kucera, G Lu, M Raju, U Nathanson, D AF Stark, A Prince, A Kucera, G Lu, M Raju, U Nathanson, D TI Evaluating post-treatment screening in women with breast cancer SO CANCER PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; breast cancer screening; clinical breast examination; mammography ID CARCINOMA IN-SITU; INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA; CONSERVATIVE SURGERY; ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA; LOBULAR NEOPLASIA; LOCAL RECURRENCE; RISK; INSITU; COMMUNICATION; DIAGNOSIS AB PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the 5-year post-treatment use rate for screening mammography and clinical breast examination (CBE) among women treated for atypical hyperplasia (AH) or carcinoma in situ (CIS). DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: A total of 103 women, who had received diagnoses and had been treated for primary AH or CIS were observed for 5 years through a review of medical records and electronic databases. Adequate screening use was defined as the patient undergoing one mammography examination and at least one CBE per year. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression showed that screening activity declined significantly with time. During the first year, 83.5% and 80.6%, respectively, of women were screened by CBE and mammography. By year 2, CBE screening had dropped by 25.2% (P < .01) and mammography screening by 9.7% (P = .08). Attrition in CBE and mammography screening continued for each consecutive year and was significant (P < .01). During the first year, 70.9% of women received both methods of screening, which declined to 9.7% by year 5. Women who had received diagnoses of CIS and those married with children were more likely to use post-treatment screening, while fee-for-service insurance was negatively associated with screening. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The reasons for the observed decline in the annual post-treatment screening are not known. Negative findings from follow-up screenings might have lowered the perception of cancer susceptibility and promoted the decline in screening use. A communication gap between physicians and patients might have reinforced this perception. The importance of annual screening may be verbally emphasized at each clinic visit, and reminder notes and telephone calls may be used to remind patients of upcoming screenings. Additional studies are planned to evaluate the effect of various intervention strategies in improving post-treatment screening use. C1 Josephine Ford Canc Ctr, Div Canc Epidemiol & Prevent, Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Dept Biostat & Res Epidemiol, Detroit, MI USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Pathol & Comprehens Breast Clin, Detroit, MI USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Surg & Comprehens Breast Clin, Detroit, MI USA. RP Stark, A (reprint author), Josephine Ford Canc Ctr, Div Canc Epidemiol & Prevent, Henry Ford Hlth Syst, 1 Ford Pl, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1065-4704 J9 CANCER PRACT JI Cancer Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 10 IS 5 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1046/j.1523-5394.2002.105001.x PG 6 WC Oncology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing SC Oncology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing GA 593ZU UT WOS:000178025000003 PM 12236835 ER PT J AU Walker, D Jason, J Wallace, K Slaughter, J Whatley, V Han, A Nwanyanwu, OC Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Archibald, L Jarvis, WR AF Walker, D Jason, J Wallace, K Slaughter, J Whatley, V Han, A Nwanyanwu, OC Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Archibald, L Jarvis, WR TI Spontaneous cytokine production and its effect on induced production SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; MESSENGER-RNA; PROFILES; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTIONS; EXPRESSION AB Cytokines regulate cellular immune activity and are produced by a variety of cells, especially lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Multiparameter How cytometry is often used to examine cell-specific cytokine production after in vitro phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin induction, with brefeldin A or other agents added to inhibit protein secretion. Spontaneous ex vivo production reportedly rarely occurs. We examined the spontaneous production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by peripheral-blood B lymphocytes, T cells, CD8(-) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, CD3(-) CD16/56(+) lymphocytes (natural killer [NK] cells), CD3(+) CD16/56(+) lymphocytes (natural T [NT] cells), and/or monocytes of 316 acutely ill hospitalized persons and 62 healthy adults in Malawi, Africa. We also evaluated the relationship between spontaneous and induced cytokine production. In patients, spontaneous TNF-alpha production occurred most frequently, followed in descending order by IFN-gamma, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-2. Various cells of 60 patients spontaneously produced TNF-alpha; for 12 of these patients, TNF-alpha was the only cytokine produced spontaneously. Spontaneous cytokine production was most frequent in the immunoregulatory cells, NK and NT. For IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, spontaneous cytokine production was associated with greater induced production. For TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, the relationships varied by cell type. For healthy adults, IL-6 was the cytokine most often produced spontaneously. Spontaneous cytokine production was not unusual in these acutely ill and healthy persons living in an area where human immunodeficiency virus, mycobacterial, malaria, and assorted parasitic infections are endemic. In such populations, spontaneous, as well as induced, cell-specific cytokine production should be measured and evaluated in relation to various disease states. C1 US PHS, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US PHS, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US PHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US PHS, Off Global Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe, Malawi. Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Walker, D (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DASTLR, Mailstop A-25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ziq4@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1049 EP 1056 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.5.1049-1056.2002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 591UB UT WOS:000177897700017 PM 12204958 ER PT J AU Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Tondella, ML Talkington, DF AF Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Tondella, ML Talkington, DF TI Centrifugation of human lung epithelial carcinoma A549 cells up-regulates interleukin-l beta gene expression SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; IN-VITRO; INFECTION; CULTURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Talkington, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G03,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1142 EP 1143 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.5.1142-1143.2002 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 591UB UT WOS:000177897700034 PM 12204975 ER PT J AU Drake, PL Krieg, E Teass, AW Vallyathan, V AF Drake, PL Krieg, E Teass, AW Vallyathan, V TI Two assays for urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase 2 compared SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID EL CALLAO; VENEZUELA; MERCURY C1 NIOSH, Spokane Res Lab, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Res Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Drake, PL (reprint author), NIOSH, Spokane Res Lab, 315 E Montgomery Ave, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1604 EP 1605 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 586WF UT WOS:000177608600038 PM 12194947 ER PT J AU Gardner, P Pickering, LK Orenstein, WA Gershon, AA Nichol, KL AF Gardner, P Pickering, LK Orenstein, WA Gershon, AA Nichol, KL TI Guidelines for quality standards for immunization SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; CHILDREN AB This is an update of the 1997 Quality Standards for Immunization, which is one of a series of guidelines commissioned by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) through its Practice Guidelines Committee. This information is presented as a standard-of-care rather than practice guidelines because the evidence for following these recommendations is so strong that they should be implemented with rare exceptions. The purpose of these standard-of-care guidelines is to provide assistance to clinicians who make decisions on providing immunizations to infants, children, adolescents, and adults. This document is a summary of evidence-based guidelines previously developed by national organizations. A standard ranking system was used to determine the strength of the recommendations, and the quality of evidence cited in the literature was reviewed for each guideline. The targeted health care professionals are pediatricians, family practitioners, internists (including specialists), obstetricians, and others who provide immunizations. The panel members are experts in the field of adult and pediatric infectious diseases. The document has been subjected to external review by peer reviewers as well as by the Practice Guidelines Committee, and it was approved by the IDSA Council. Indicators for measuring compliance with the standards are included. The document will be posted on the IDSA home page at http://www.idsociety.org/. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Gardner, P (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, L4-157 Hlth Sci Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 5 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1086/341965 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 583VJ UT WOS:000177431000001 PM 12173122 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Klugman, KP AF Feikin, DR Klugman, KP TI Historical changes in pneumococcal serogroup distribution: Implications for the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CHILDREN; DISEASE; BACTEREMIA; EFFICACY; CARRIAGE AB Of the 90 pneumococcal serotypes, the 7 in the licensed pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar) currently account for >80% of invasive pneumococcal infections among children in the United States. Our objective was to document and explain the changes in pneumococcal serogroup distribution in the United States during the last century. We evaluated temporal trends in the serogroup distribution, using linear regression. Between 1928 and 1998, the proportion of pneumococcal infections caused by the 7 serogroups in the conjugate vaccine increased significantly, from 15% to 59%, in 13 adult studies, and from 53% to 87%, in 19 pediatric studies. The proportion of infections caused by the "epidemic" serogroups (1-3 and 5) decreased significantly, from 71% to 7%, in the adult studies, and from 18% to 2%, in the studies of children. These historical trends in serogroup distribution may be explained by changes in antibiotic use, socioeconomic conditions, the immunocompromised status of populations, and blood-culturing practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 63 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 5 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1086/341896 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 583VJ UT WOS:000177431000007 PM 12173128 ER PT J AU Strikas, RA Wallace, GS Myers, MG AF Strikas, RA Wallace, GS Myers, MG TI Influenza pandemic preparedness action plan for the United States: 2002 update SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINE; VIRUS; INFECTIONS; LIVE AB Preparation for the next influenza pandemic includes development of a national plan that has 3 goals: to limit the burden of disease, to minimize social disruption, and to reduce economic losses attributable to the pandemic. Priority areas to be addressed and improved in the plan to achieve these goals include global and national influenza surveillance, vaccine development and production, vaccine use and coverage, chemoprophylaxis and therapy, guidelines for clinical care and health resources management, emergency preparedness, and research. This multifaceted plan will require close collaboration between public and private sectors to ameliorate the potentially devastating impact of pandemic influenza. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Strikas, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MSE-52,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 5 BP 590 EP 596 DI 10.1086/342200 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 583VJ UT WOS:000177431000015 PM 12173135 ER PT J AU Williams, SB Flanigan, TP Cu-Uvin, S Mayer, K Williams, P Ettore, CA Artenstein, AW Duerr, A VanCott, TC AF Williams, SB Flanigan, TP Cu-Uvin, S Mayer, K Williams, P Ettore, CA Artenstein, AW Duerr, A VanCott, TC TI Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - Specific antibody in cervicovaginal lavage specimens obtained from women infected with HIV SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th World AIDS Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND ID BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; VAGINAL SECRETIONS; SEX WORKERS; MUCOSAL; FEMALE; IGG; COLLECTION; THAILAND; IMMUNITY; TYPE-1 AB To evaluate correlates of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) immunoglobulin (Ig) in the genital tract, anti-HIV-gp120 IgA and IgG titers in cervicovaginal lavage specimens obtained from 104 HIV-1-infected women were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 24% and 94% of women had detectable anti-gp120 IgA and IgG, respectively. CD4 cell count correlated negatively with total IgA concentration (r = -0.301; P = .0027) and positively with specific IgA activity (anti-gp120 IgA titer/total IgA concentration, r = 0.306; P = .0023). Women with bacterial vaginosis had 5-fold lower anti-gp120 IgG titer ( P = .0042), 5-fold lower total IgG concentration (P less than or equal to .0001), and 4-fold higher specific IgG activity (P = .474) compared with women who did not have bacterial vaginosis. Enhanced understanding of correlates of mucosal immunity to HIV-1 may assist in the design of vaccine strategies or in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1. C1 Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Epidemiol Res Study, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flanigan, TP (reprint author), Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI40350, P30-AI42853]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU 106795]; PHS HHS [R01 35543-02] NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 5 BP 611 EP 617 DI 10.1086/342201 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 583VJ UT WOS:000177431000018 PM 12173138 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Hajjeh, RA Gaynes, RP AF Trick, WE Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Hajjeh, RA Gaynes, RP CA Natl Nosocomial Infections Surveil TI Secular trend of hospital-acquired candidemia among intensive care unit patients in the United States during 1989-1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference for the Prevention of Nosoconial and Healthcare Associated Infections CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; FLUCONAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; FREQUENCY; THERAPY AB We describe the annual incidence of primary bloodstream infection (BSI) associated with Candida albicans and common non-albicans species of Candida among patients in intensive care units that participated in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system from 1 January 1989 through 31 December 1999. During the study period, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of C. albicans BSI (P < .001) and a significant increase in the incidence of Candida glabrata BSI (P = .05). C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Hlth Outcomes Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, MS E55,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 420 Z9 443 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 5 BP 627 EP 630 DI 10.1086/342300 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 583VJ UT WOS:000177431000020 PM 12173140 ER PT J AU Lubell, KM AF Lubell, KM TI Durkheim's suicide: A century of research and debate SO CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF REVIEWS LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lubell, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1307 NEW YORK AVE NW #700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4712 USA SN 0094-3061 J9 CONTEMP SOCIOL JI Contemp. Sociol.-J. Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 612 EP 613 DI 10.2307/3090084 PG 2 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 593JQ UT WOS:000177988300069 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM AF Donlan, RM TI Biofilms: Microbial life on surfaces SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID LAMINAR-FLOW VELOCITY; BACTERIAL ADHESION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; GENE-EXPRESSION; STAINLESS-STEEL; SOLID-SURFACES; IN-SITU; ATTACHMENT; WATER; ADHERENCE AB Microorganisms attach to surfaces and develop biofilms. Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down-regulation of specific genes. Attachment is a complex process regulated by diverse characteristics of the growth medium, substratum, and cell surface. An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. Cells may also communicate via quorum sensing, which may in turn affect biofilm processes such as detachment. Biofilms have great importance for public health because of their role in certain infectious diseases and importance in a variety of device-related infections. A greater understanding of biofilm processes should lead to novel, effective control strategies for biofilm control and a resulting improvement in patient management. C1 CDCP, Biofilm Lab, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), CDCP, Biofilm Lab, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Hori, Katsutoshi/K-5289-2012 NR 74 TC 1074 Z9 1169 U1 35 U2 313 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 9 BP 881 EP 890 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 588XZ UT WOS:000177728700001 PM 12194761 ER PT J AU Stringer, JR Beard, CB Miller, RF Wakefield, AE AF Stringer, JR Beard, CB Miller, RF Wakefield, AE TI A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; F-SP HOMINIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; DNA AMPLIFICATION; HIV-INFECTION; MULTIPLE LOCI; SP. HOMINIS; SEQUENCE AB The disease known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a major cause of illness and death in persons with impaired immune systems. While the genus Pneumocystis has been known to science for nearly a century, understanding of its members remained rudimentary until DNA analysis showed its extensive diversity. Pneumocystis organisms from different host species have very different DNA sequences, indicating multiple species. In recognition of its genetic and functional distinctness, the organism that causes human PCP is now named Pneumocystis jiroveci Frenkel 1999. Changing the organism's name does not preclude the use of the acronym PCP because it can be read "Pneumocystis pneumonia." DNA sequence variation exists among samples of R jiroveci, a feature that allows reexamination of the relationships between host and pathogen. Instead of lifelong latency, transient colonization may be the rule. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Stringer, JR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM stringjr@ucmail.uc.edu NR 65 TC 259 Z9 294 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 9 BP 891 EP 896 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 588XZ UT WOS:000177728700002 PM 12194762 ER PT J AU Rota, PA Liffick, SL Rota, JS Katz, RS Redd, S Papania, M Bellini, WJ AF Rota, PA Liffick, SL Rota, JS Katz, RS Redd, S Papania, M Bellini, WJ TI Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in the United States, 1997-2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; GENOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; STRAINS; NUCLEOPROTEIN; ELIMINATION; ARGENTINA AB From 1997 to 2001, sequence data from 55 clinical specimens were obtained from confirmed measles cases in the United States, representing 21 outbreaks and 34 sporadic cases. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of 11 of the recognized genotypes. The most common genotypes detected were genotype D6, usually identified from imported cases from Europe, and genotype D5, associated with importations from Japan. A number of viruses belonging to genotype D4 were imported from India and Pakistan. Overall, viral genotypes were determined for 13 chains of transmission with an unknown source of virus, and seven different genotypes were identified. Therefore, the diversity of Measles virus genotypes observed in the United States from 1997 to 2001 reflected multiple imported sources of virus and indicated that no strain of measles is endemic in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Mailstop C22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 78 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 9 BP 902 EP 908 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 588XZ UT WOS:000177728700004 PM 12194764 ER PT J AU Olson, JG Rupprecht, C Rollin, PE An, US Niezgoda, M Clemins, T Walston, J Ksiazek, TG AF Olson, JG Rupprecht, C Rollin, PE An, US Niezgoda, M Clemins, T Walston, J Ksiazek, TG TI Antibodies to Nipah-like virus in bats (Pteropus lylei), Cambodia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HENDRA-VIRUS; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; FRUIT BATS; PARAMYXOVIRUS; INFECTION; HORSES AB Serum specimens from fruit bats were obtained at restaurants in Cambodia. We detected antibodies cross-reactive to Nipah virus by enzyme immunoassay in 11 (11.5%) of 96 Lyle's flying foxes (Pteropus lylei). Our study suggests that viruses closely related to Nipah or Hendra viruses are more widespread in Southeast Asia than previously documented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Minist Hlth, Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. US Naval Med Res Unit 2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. RP Ksiazek, TG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop G14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 9 BP 987 EP 988 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 588XZ UT WOS:000177728700020 PM 12194780 ER PT J AU Marcus, M Cheslack-Postava, K Tolbert, PE Hertzberg, V Small, C Blanck, HM Henderson, A Rubin, C Thomas, A AF Marcus, M Cheslack-Postava, K Tolbert, PE Hertzberg, V Small, C Blanck, HM Henderson, A Rubin, C Thomas, A TI Breast-feeding and PBBs: Response to Rogan and Weil SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Marcus, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 110 IS 9 BP A504 EP A504 DI 10.1289/ehp.110-a504a PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 591RJ UT WOS:000177893800007 ER PT J AU DeLorenze, GN Kharrazi, M Kaufman, FL Eskenazi, B Bernert, JT AF DeLorenze, GN Kharrazi, M Kaufman, FL Eskenazi, B Bernert, JT TI Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnant women: The association between self-report and serum cotinine SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cotinine; environmental tobacco smoke pollution; pregnancy; validity ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; MATERNAL SMOKING; PASSIVE SMOKING; URINARY COTININE; VALIDATION; NONSMOKERS; POPULATION; NICOTINE; AGE AB The risk of delivering a low-birth-weight infant as the result of exposing a nonsmoking pregnant woman to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is not well defined. The method of ascertaining ETS exposure during pregnancy may explain the lack of consistent study findings. In a large sample of pregnant women, we compared distributions between two methods of ETS exposure: self-report and cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, from serum. At delivery, subjects were asked about duration and location of exposure to ETS during their second trimester. A single cotinine measurement was assayed from serum collected at 15-19 weeks gestation (limit of detection = 0.05 ng/mL). Self-reported (hours per day) ETS exposure was correlated (r = 0.38) with cotinine concentration. Regression analysis revealed that while self-reported ETS was significantly associated with (log) cotinine, it did not explain a large amount of total variation. While 72% of subjects reported no exposure to ETS, almost all had measurable levels of cotinine. Studies of pregnant women based upon an hours per day ETS question have likely misclassified a sizable portion of ETS-exposed women as "unexposed." Since there is recent evidence that low levels of ETS exposure result in unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, these studies have underestimated the effect of ETS. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Inst Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Genet Dis Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DeLorenze, GN (reprint author), Inst Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 42 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1006/enrs.2001.4380 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 601ZK UT WOS:000178479400004 PM 12359187 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Does exercise reduce inflammation? Physical activity and C-reactive protein among US adults SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adults; C-reactive protein; exercise; health surveys; inflammation ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RESPONSES; MARKERS; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INTERLEUKIN-1; POPULATION; HEALTH AB Background. Physical activity may lower the risk for coronary heart disease by mitigating inflammation, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and C-reactive protein concentration in a national sample of the U.S. population. Methods. The analytic sample included 13,748 participants greater than or equal to20 years of age in 'the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) with complete data for the main study variables. Results. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, work status, smoking status, cotinine concentration, hypertension, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, and aspirin use, the odds ratios for elevated C-reactive protein concentration (dichotomized at the greater than or equal to85th percentile of the sex-specific distribution) were 0.98 (95% confidence interval = 0.78-1.23), 0.85 (0.70-1.02), and 0.53 (0.40-0.71) for participants who engaged in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity, respectively, during the previous month compared with participants who did not engage in any leisure-time physical activity. In addition, leisure-time physical activity was positively associated with serum albumin concentration and inversely associated with both log-transformed plasma fibrinogen concentration and log-transformed white blood cell count. Conclusions. These results add to mounting evidence that physical activity may reduce inflammation, which is a critical process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 275 Z9 286 U1 4 U2 18 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 561 EP 568 DI 10.1097/01.EDE.0000023965.92535.C0 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 586CQ UT WOS:000177566700012 PM 12192226 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Rubin, C Henderson, AK Marcus, M Cheslack-Postava, K Tolbert, PE Hertzberg, VS DeGuire, P AF Blanck, HM Rubin, C Henderson, AK Marcus, M Cheslack-Postava, K Tolbert, PE Hertzberg, VS DeGuire, P TI Growth in girls exposed in utero and postnatally to polybrominated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls - Response SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 605 EP 605 DI 10.1097/01.EDE.0000023224.46190.8B PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 586CQ UT WOS:000177566700020 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV AF Tauxe, RV TI Surveillance and investigation of foodborne diseases; roles for public health in meeting objectives for food safety SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE foodborne diseases; public health surveillance; antimicrobial resistance; foodborne disease outbreak ID UNITED-STATES; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS AB Each year, an estimated 76,000,000 persons experience a foodborne infection in the United States. Preventing foodborne infections requires sustained efforts along the entire chain of production. Public health Surveillance drives a number of disease prevention programs, including tuberculosis control, polio eradication, and foodborne disease prevention. CDC has launched several new approaches to foodborne disease surveillance, including FoodNet, PulseNet, and the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS). The capacity of public health surveillance in the United States to detect and investigate dispersed foodborne disease outbreaks has been improving dramatically in recent years. Investigation of such outbreaks can yield important insights in how to improve prevention strategies. Many foodborne diseases are preventable, though prevention will require a number of control efforts along the chain from production to Consumption. Although progress has been made to date as a result of recent improvements in food safety, further prevention efforts are required in the United States if we are to reach the public health objectives set for 2010. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6-7 BP 363 EP 369 AR PII S0956-7135(01)00091-3 DI 10.1016/S0956-7135(01)00091-3 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 587YH UT WOS:000177671500004 ER PT J AU Haukim, N Bidwell, JL Smith, AJP Keen, LJ Gallagher, G Kimberly, R Huizinga, T McDermott, MF Oksenberg, J McNicholl, J Pociot, F Hardt, C D'Alfonso, S AF Haukim, N Bidwell, JL Smith, AJP Keen, LJ Gallagher, G Kimberly, R Huizinga, T McDermott, MF Oksenberg, J McNicholl, J Pociot, F Hardt, C D'Alfonso, S TI Cytokine gene polymorphism in human disease: on-line databases, Supplement 2 SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; FACTOR-ALPHA GENE; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1 GENE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Bristol BS6 6JU, Avon, England. UMDNJ, Dent Res Ctr, Newark, NJ USA. Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Leiden Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Rheumatol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. St Bartholemews, Med Unit, London E1 1BB, England. Royal London Hosp, Sch Med & Dent, London E1 1BB, England. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CDC, DASTLER, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Steno Diabet Ctr, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. Univ Klinikum Essen, Inst Humangenet, D-45122 Essen, Germany. Dipartimento Sci Med, I-28100 Novara, Italy. RP Bidwell, JL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Homoeopath Hosp Site, Bristol BS6 6JU, Avon, England. EM jeff.bidwell@bris.ac.uk RI Smith, Andrew/C-1675-2008; D'Alfonso, Sandra/K-7295-2014; OI D'Alfonso, Sandra/0000-0002-3983-9925; Kimberly, Robert/0000-0002-5330-3086; Pociot, Flemming/0000-0003-3274-5448; Smith, Andrew/0000-0003-1141-2978 NR 285 TC 173 Z9 182 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 3 IS 6 BP 313 EP 330 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6363881 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 599ZE UT WOS:000178364500001 PM 12209358 ER PT J AU Andersson, HC Krousel-Wood, MA Jackson, KE Rice, J Lubin, IM AF Andersson, HC Krousel-Wood, MA Jackson, KE Rice, J Lubin, IM TI Medical genetic test reporting for cystic fibrosis (Delta F508) and factor V Leiden in North American laboratories SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis; factor V Leiden; genetic tests; test result reporting ID MUTATION AB Purpose: Physicians are ordering an increasing number of genetic tests. Results and additional information provided in the test result report are vital to the physician in making appropriate patient management decisions. Because variability in test result reports can impact patient care, we sought to determine whether variations exist in test reports for cystic fibrosis (CF) and factor V Leiden (fVL) with specific comparison to professional guidelines and recommendations. Methods: A cross-sectional study design analyzing for the presence of 16 critical elements in CF reports and 12 critical elements in fVL reports solicited from United States and Canadian laboratories. Results: Of 44 laboratories performing CF testing and 72 laboratories performing fVL testing, 64% responded. For CF reports, 21% included ethnicity, 64% described methodology, and 61% discussed genetic counseling. For fVL reports, 80% described methodology and 52% discussed the need for genetic counseling in mutation-positive reports. Conclusions: Variability exists in report content among North American laboratories performing CF and fVL testing. Many reports lack information deemed critical by professional guidelines and recommendations. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Human Genet Program, Hayward Genet Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Gen Prevent Med Residency Program, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Biostat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PHPPO, DLS, Off Genet Testing, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Andersson, HC (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Human Genet Program, Hayward Genet Ctr, SL-31,1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RI Krousel-Wood, Marie Antoinette/D-4718-2011 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000029036.80969.AB PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 642GZ UT WOS:000180797000002 PM 12394344 ER PT J AU Crawford, DC Caggana, M Harris, KB Lorey, F Nash, C Pass, KA Tempelis, C Olney, RS AF Crawford, DC Caggana, M Harris, KB Lorey, F Nash, C Pass, KA Tempelis, C Olney, RS TI Characterization of beta-globin haplotypes using blood spots from a population-based cohort of newborns with homozygous HbS SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE beta-globin; sickle cell disease; sickle cell anemia; population-based; newborn screening; blood spots ID SICKLE-CELL-ANEMIA; GENE-CLUSTER HAPLOTYPES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; ALPHA-THALASSEMIA; WORLD POPULATIONS; MODERN HUMANS; EVOLUTION; DISEASE; POLYMORPHISMS AB Purpose: A population-based cohort from three state newborn screening programs was used to describe beta-globin gene cluster variation. Methods: Blood spots from newborns homozygous for HbS were genotyped for five restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to construct beta-globin haplotypes. Haplotype distributions were compared by race/ethnicity and sex. Expected heterozygosities were calculated and compared with observed heterozygosities. Results: Haplotype distributions did not differ between sexes for either blacks or Hispanics. Neither racial/ethnic group deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; however, Hispanics had higher heterozygosity at two RFLPs compared with blacks. Conclusion: The differences between populations probably reflect recent migration and admixture rather than selection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, New York, NY USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Genet Dis Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Assessment & Screening, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. RP Olney, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Crawford, Dana/C-1054-2012 NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000029037.48227.AF PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 642GZ UT WOS:000180797000003 PM 12394345 ER PT J AU Nguyen, MH Annest, JL Mercy, JA Ryan, GW Fingerhut, LA AF Nguyen, MH Annest, JL Mercy, JA Ryan, GW Fingerhut, LA TI Trends in BB/pellet gun injuries in children and teenagers in the United States, 1985-99 SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AIR RIFLE INJURIES; FIREARM-RELATED INJURIES; PELLET GUNS; BB; WEAPON; BOYS; EYE; TOY AB Objective: To characterize national trends in non-fatal BB/pellet gun related injury rates for persons aged 19 years or younger in relation to trends in non-fatal and fatal firearm related injury rates and discuss these trends in light of injury prevention and violence prevention efforts. Setting: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) includes approximately 100 hospitals with at least six beds that provide emergency services. These hospitals comprise a stratified probability sample of all US hospitals with emergency departments. The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) is a complete census of all death certificates filed by states and is compiled annually. Methods: National data on BB/pellet gun related injuries and injury rates were examined along with fatal and non-fatal firearm related injuries and injury rates. Non-fatal injury data for all BB/pellet gun related injury cases from 1985 through 1999, and firearm related injury cases from 1993 through 1999 were obtained from hospital emergency department records using the NEISS. Firearm related deaths from 1985 through 1999 were obtained from the NVSS. Results: BB/pellet gun related injury rates increased from age 3 years to a peak at age 13 years and declined thereafter. In contrast, firearm related injury and death rates increased gradually until age 13 and then increased sharply until age 18 years. For persons aged 19 years and younger, BB/pellet gun related injury rates increased from the late 1980s until the early 1990s and then declined until 1999; these injury rates per 100 000 population were 24.0 in 1988, 32.8 in 1992, and 18.3 in 1999. This trend was similar to those for fatal and non-fatal firearm related injury rates per 100 000 which were 4.5 in 1985, 7.8 in 1993, and 4.3 in 1999 (fatal) and 38.6 in 1993 and 16.3 in 1999 (non-fatal). In 1999, an estimated 14 313 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12 025 to 16 601) cases with non-fatal BB/pellet gun injuries and an estimated 12 748 (95% CI 7881-17 615) cases with non-fatal firearm related injuries among persons aged 19 years and younger were treated in US hospital emergency departments. Conclusions: BB/pellet gun related and firearm related injury rates show similar declines since the, early 1990s. These declines coincide with a growing number of prevention efforts aimed at reducing injuries to children from unsupervised access to guns and from youth violence. Evaluations at the state and local level are needed to determine true associations. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Annest, JL (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1136/ip.8.3.185 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654LG UT WOS:000181497900004 PM 12226113 ER PT J AU Phelan, KJ Khoury, J Grossman, DC Hu, D Wallace, LJD Bill, N Kalkwarf, H AF Phelan, KJ Khoury, J Grossman, DC Hu, D Wallace, LJD Bill, N Kalkwarf, H TI Pediatric motor vehicle related injuries in the Navajo Nation: the impact of the 1988 child occupant restraint laws SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04-07, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Pediatr Acad Soc ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; PICKUP TRUCKS; PRINCIPLES; MORTALITY; CRASHES; SAFETY; TRAUMA; GO AB Background: Navajo motor vehicle mortality is the highest among the 12 Indian Health Service (IHS) administrative areas. In July 1988, the Navajo Nation enacted a primary enforcement safety belt use, and a child restraint law. Objective: Assess the impact of the laws on the rate and severity of pediatric (0-19 years) motor vehicle injury resulting in hospitalizations in the Navajo Nation. Methods: Hospitalizations associated with motor vehicle related injury discharges were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, CM E codes, 810-825 (.0,.1) from the Navajo IHS hospital discharge database. Age specific rates for the period before the law, 1983-88, were compared with those after enactment and enforcement, 1991-95. Severity of injury, measured by the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score and new injury severity score (NISS), was determined with ICDMAP-90 software. Wilcoxon rank sum and chi(2) tests were used for analysis. Results: Discharge rates (SE) for motor vehicle injury (per 100 000) decreased significantly in all age groups: 0-4 years (62 (7) to 28 (4)), 5-11 years (55.3 (6) to 26 (4)), and 15-19 years (139 (14) to 68 (7)); p=0.0001. In children 0-4 years, the median AIS score decreased from 1.5 (1,3) (25th, 75th centile) to 1 (1,2), p=0.06, and the median NISS decreased from 3.5 (1,9) to 2 (1,5), p=0.07. The proportion of children with NISS scores >4 decreased significantly for the 0-4 year age group (p=0.03). Conclusions: Concurrent with enactment of the Navajo Nation occupant and child restraint laws there was a reduction in the rate of motor vehicle related hospital discharges for children. Severity of injury h declined in very young Navajo children. The effect of enactment and enforcement of this Native American child occupant restraint law may serve as an example of an effective injury control effort directed at Native American children. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Clin Effectiveness, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Hlth Policy, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Tuba City Indian Med Ctr, Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv, Tuba City, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Off Environm Hlth & Injury Prevent Program, Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv, Window Rock, AZ USA. RP Phelan, KJ (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Clin Effectiveness, TCHRF 7548,3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RI Khoury, Jane/O-2068-2015 FU BHP HRSA HHS [PE 10027] NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1136/ip.8.3.216 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654LG UT WOS:000181497900010 PM 12226119 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Hammig, BJ Ikeda, RM AF Swahn, MH Hammig, BJ Ikeda, RM TI Prevalence of youth access to alcohol or a gun in the home SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID FIREARMS; STUDENTS; TRIAL AB Objectives: To estimate the national prevalence of youth access to alcohol, a gun, or both alcohol and a gun, in their home and to describe the demographic characteristics associated with access to either alcohol or a gun. Methods: Cross sectional data from the 1995 in-home survey of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which used a nationally representative randomly selected school based sample (n= 18 924) of adolescents in grades 7-12, were analyzed. The current analyses were restricted to those adolescents 12-18 years of age (n= 18 454). Crude logistic regression analyses was used to determine the demographic characteristics associated with access to alcohol or a gun in the home. Results: Overall, 28.7% of US adolescents reported having easy access to alcohol in the home. Availability of. ability of alcohol was associated with race/ethnicity, mother's education, family structure, and welfare status. Similarly, 24.3% of US adolescents reported easy access to a gun in the home. Availability of a gun in the home was associated with gender, race/ethnicity, mother's education, family structure, and welfare status. Among those that reported that a gun was available in their home, most reported availability of a shotgun (63.0%) followed by a rifle (61.3%), handgun (57.3%), and other gun (16.4%). Ten per cent of adolescents reported availability of both alcohol and a gun in their home. Conclusions: One quarter of US adolescents reported easy access to either alcohol or a gun in their home. Given the risks associated with the misuse of alcohol and guns among adolescents, efforts to increase public awareness of the availability of alcohol and guns in the home are needed. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Recreat, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01-HD31921] NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1136/ip.8.3.227 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654LG UT WOS:000181497900012 PM 12226121 ER PT J AU Meinersmann, RJ Patton, CM Evins, GM Wachsmuth, IK Fields, PI AF Meinersmann, RJ Patton, CM Evins, GM Wachsmuth, IK Fields, PI TI Genetic diversity and relationships of Campylobacter species and subspecies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter spp.; multilocus enzyme electrophoresis; population genetics ID ELECTROPHORETIC PROTEIN-PATTERNS; SP-NOV; POPULATION-GENETICS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; JEJUNI; DIFFERENTIATION; STRAINS; SEROTYPES AB The existence of tremendous genetic diversity within Campylobacter species has been well documented. To analyse the population structure of Campylobacter and determine whether or not a clonal population structure could be detected, genetic diversity was assessed within the genus Campylobacter by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of 156 isolates representing 11 species and subspecies from disparate sources. Analyses of electrophoretic mobility of 11 enzymes revealed 109 electrophoretic types (ETs) and 118 ETs when nulls were counted as an allele. Cluster analysis placed most ETs into groups that correlated with species. With nulls counted as alleles, 19 ETs were identified among 33 isolates of Campylobacter lari, 31 ETs among 34 isolates of Campylobacter coli and 43 ETs among 59 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni. Nine C, jejuni subsp. jejuni isolates, confirmed as this species by DNA-DNA hybridization, were hippuricase-negative. Reported linkage analyses were done with nulls ignored. Scores for mean genetic diversity (H) were high for the total population (mean H=0.802). Allelic mismatch-frequency distributions and allelic tracing pointed to possible genetic exchange between subpopulations. C. lari appears to be a panmictic species. Some pairs of species shared multiple alleles of certain loci, possibly indicating genetic exchange between species. Of the species tested, C. jejuni appeared to be the most active in sharing alleles. However, there was evidence of variable involvement in recombination by the different loci. Linkage analysis of loci in C, jejuni and C. coli revealed a clonal framework, with some loci tightly linked to each other. The loci appeared to occur in linkage groups or islands. Campylobacter may have a clonal framework with other portions of the genome involved in frequent recombination. Population genetic structure among Campylobacter is inconclusive and it remains to be seen if pathogenic types can be identified. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 52 BP 1789 EP 1797 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02071-0 PN 5 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 595PG UT WOS:000178117500045 PM 12361288 ER PT J AU Banta, HD Thacker, SB AF Banta, HD Thacker, SB TI Electronic fetal monitoring - Lessons from a formative case of health technology assessment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; labor and delivery; randomized controlled trials; women's health; technology assessment ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; EFFICACY; CARE AB Objectives: The assessment of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) carried out by the authors in the late 1970s provides an early case of a systematic review of evidence in health technology assessment. This paper identifies lessons pertinent for the present day in this field. Methods: We reviewed our own files for the description of our assessment and reactions to it. We also reviewed recent literature to evaluate our observations in relation to recent evidence. Results: Our findings of insufficient evidence of efficacy and concerns about safety have been confirmed by subsequent research. Still, despite findings and recommendations of prominent professional and governmental bodies, EFM continues in widespread use in the United States and Europe and is spreading into developing countries around the world. Aggressive attacks on our assessment as well as our skills and integrity have been mirrored in recent years by criticism of other researchers in health technology assessment. Conclusions: The case of EFM points to the limitations of assessment without other actions to assure the implementation of results. Health technologies that are accepted by the majority of clinicians in a particular field may require extraordinary efforts to assure appropriate use of technology assessments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0266-4623 J9 INT J TECHNOL ASSESS JI Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care PD FAL PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 762 EP 770 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics GA 638AZ UT WOS:000180547800002 PM 12602077 ER PT J AU Spradling, R Nemtsova, E Aptekar, T Shulgina, M Rybka, L Wells, C Aquino, G Kluge, H Jakubowiak, W Binkin, N Kazeonny, B AF Spradling, R Nemtsova, E Aptekar, T Shulgina, M Rybka, L Wells, C Aquino, G Kluge, H Jakubowiak, W Binkin, N Kazeonny, B TI Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in community and prison patients, Orel Oblast, Russian Federation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; drug resistance; surveillance; Russia ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DOTS-PLUS AB SETTING: Orel Oblast, Russian Federation. OBJECTIVES: To determine baseline levels of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Orel Oblast. DESIGN : Drug susceptibility testing(DST) records from I July 1999 to 30 June 2000 for patients with sputum acid-fast bacilli smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were reviewed. Treatment and incarceration status were obtained from the tuberculosis register. Patients with I month or less of prior treatment were defined as new cases; those previously treated for more than 1 month were defined as retreatment cases. RESULTS: Of 246 smear-positive isolates, 212 (86%) had DST performed. Of these, 190 (90%) were from new and 22 (10%) from retreatment cases; 171 (81%) were from community and 41 (19%) were from prison patients. Any drug resistance was more common among prison than community patients (44% vs. 30%, P = 0.05). MDR-TB was found in 14 (6.6%) of 212 isolates, and was more prevalent in prison compared with community patients (12% vs. 5%, P = 0.05). Retreatment cases were more likely than new cases to have MDR-TB (prevalence ratio [PR] = 8.5, 95%CI = 3.3-22.3), although the PR was higher for prison than for community retreatment cases (10.0 vs. 5.8). CONCLUSIONS: New cases with MDR-TB were less prevalent in Orel Oblast compared with other survey sites in Russia. Any drug resistance and MDR-TB were associated with prior treatment, especially in the prison population. Continued monitoring of trends in drug resistance following DOTS implementation is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Cent TB Dispensary, Oryol, Russia. Cent TB Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. WHO, Russian TB Programme, Moscow, Russia. RP Spradling, R (reprint author), Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 6 IS 9 BP 757 EP 762 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 591DR UT WOS:000177864900004 PM 12234130 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, SD Chesson, HW Layde, PM AF Pinkerton, SD Chesson, HW Layde, PM CA Natl Inst Mental Hlth Multisite HI TI Utility of behavioral changes as markers of sexually transmitted disease risk reduction in sexually transmitted disease/HIV prevention trials SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE sexual behavior; HIV transmission; interventions; assessment ID BERNOULLI-PROCESS MODEL; CONDOM USE; HIV TRANSMISSION; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; OUTCOME MEASURES; INTERVENTIONS; GONORRHEA; INFECTION; NETWORKS; PREVALENCE AB Most sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV sexual risk reduction intervention trials are evaluated using behavioral outcomes as their main indicators of intervention effectiveness. How good are behavioral measures as surrogate markers for STD infection? Do the behavioral changes that are commonly assessed in risk reduction interventions accurately reflect changes in STD risk? We applied a mathematical model of STD/HIV transmission to empiric data from a large HIV prevention intervention to estimate pre- to postintervention changes in intervention participants' STD, risk. We then used the coefficient of determination (R(2)) to assess the strength of association between changes in STD risk and changes in three behavioral measures: proportion of acts of intercourse for which condoms were used, number of sex partners, and number of acts of unprotected intercourse. The results indicate that change in the number of acts of unprotected intercourse is a superior marker of STD risk changes for less infectious STDs such as HIV, whereas change in the number of partners may be preferable for highly infectious STDs such as gonorrhea. Changes in the proportion of acts of intercourse for which condoms were used were not strongly correlated with changes in STD risk under most of the conditions examined in this analysis. The utility of different measures of sexual behavior change as markers for changes in STD risk and, hence, expected incidence, depends on the infectivity and prevalence of the target STD. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Family & Community Med, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pinkerton, SD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. EM pinkrton@mcw.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [K02-MH01919, P30-MH52776, R01-MH56830] NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000024006.76120.4C PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 609AH UT WOS:000178880100010 PM 12352153 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Bird, AJ AF Smith, JP Bird, AJ TI Relationship of sampling efficiency for manikin-mounted personal samplers to efficiency measurements made independent of manikin SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE personal samplers; manikin-mounted samplers; airflow behavior ID INHALABLE AEROSOL SAMPLERS; AIR-FLOW; WORKER EXPOSURE; BLUFF-BODY; TOTAL DUST; WIND; WORKPLACES; TURBULENCE; CASSETTES; MOVEMENT AB The goal of this study was to determine if measurement of the airflow approaching manikin-mounted personal samplers can be used to predict their sampling efficiency using efficiency measurements made independently of the manikin. The first part of the work involved the determination of the velocity and direction of airflow at specific locations (where personal samplers would be located) around a human-like manikin by using laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) at-two wind speeds and three orientations of the manikin with respect to the wind. Sampling-efficiency measurements for two personal samplers, the IOM (SKC, Inc., Eighty-Four, PA) and GSP (Strohlein GmbH and Co., Kaarst, Germany) for a 70 mum (mass median diameter) aerosol were made both independently of the manikin for a range of wind speeds and directions and while mounted on the manikin for the wind speeds and directions studied by LDV. The efficiency measurements made independently of the manikin were adjusted by using the local-manikin concentration experienced by the sampler to calculate an approximated efficiency for manikin-mounted personal samplers that experienced a similar wind speed and direction. The approximated efficiency agreed with the measured efficiency of the manikin-mounted samplers when the manikin faced the wind or was at 90degrees to the wind. Some assumptions were required to obtain agreement when the manikin was at 180degrees to the wind probably due to the turbulent nature of the flow with the manikin at this angle to the wind. This technique may be useful in simplifying testing procedures and in developing performance criteria for inhalable dust samplers since clearly defined test conditions can be specified. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Ind & Management Syst Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Smith, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1235 EP 1259 AR PII S0021-8502(02)00068-X DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(02)00068-X PG 25 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 601NZ UT WOS:000178453800002 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Beck, TJ AF Looker, AC Beck, TJ TI Maternal history of osteoporosis is related to femur bone density and geometry in men and women. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 24th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP American-Soc-Bone-Mineral-Res C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 MA 1088 BP S146 EP S146 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 592TK UT WOS:000177952800089 ER PT J AU Masciotra, S Yang, CF Pieniazek, D Thomas, C Owen, SM McClure, HM Lal, RB AF Masciotra, S Yang, CF Pieniazek, D Thomas, C Owen, SM McClure, HM Lal, RB TI Detection of simian immunodeficiency virus in diverse species and of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 by using consensus primers within the pol region SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONKEYS CERCOPITHECUS-LHOESTI; SUBTYPE-B; GROUP-O; HIV-2; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; SEQUENCES; CAMEROON; ORIGINS AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is the result of cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from sooty mangabey monkeys to humans. Primer pairs (intHIV-2/SIV) based on a region of integrase that has considerable homology across HIV-2 and SIV lineages were designed to develop a broadly cross-reactive molecular assay to detect lentivirus infection in primates. The intHIV-2/SIV primers detect HIV-2 and simian viruses SIVcpz, SIVsmm, SIVsyk, SIVagm, and SIVmnd. The primers are also capable of amplifying some HIV-1 strains. Additionally, sequences from the integrase amplicons were of sufficient genetic diversity to permit not only phylogenetic clustering of all simian viruses to their respective lineages but also HIV type and group classification. Thus, the primers described here provide a method to detect primate lentiviruses from diverse species of nonhuman primates, as well as from persons infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2. C1 CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR0016] NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 40 IS 9 BP 3167 EP 3171 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3167-3171.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 590NX UT WOS:000177829900009 PM 12202548 ER PT J AU Ismail, TF Smits, H Wasfy, MO Malone, JL Fadeel, MA Mahoney, F AF Ismail, TF Smits, H Wasfy, MO Malone, JL Fadeel, MA Mahoney, F TI Evaluation of dipstick serologic tests for diagnosis of brucellosis and typhoid fever in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERODIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODIES; ASSAY AB Two dipstick assays for the detection of Brucella- and typhoid-specific immunoglobulin M, recently developed by the Royal Tropical Institute of The Netherlands, were evaluated by use of 85 plasma samples from Egyptian patients. Both dipsticks were simple and accurate rapid diagnostic assays, and they can be useful adjuncts for the diagnosis of typhoid fever and brucellosis. C1 US Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Royal Trop Inst, Dept Biomed Res, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ismail, TF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit3, Cairo PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. OI Malone, Joseph/0000-0002-5515-6171 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 40 IS 9 BP 3509 EP 3511 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3509-3511.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 590NX UT WOS:000177829900067 PM 12202606 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, Z Haugh, GS Orr, MF Kaye, WE AF Berkowitz, Z Haugh, GS Orr, MF Kaye, WE TI Releases of hazardous substances in schools: Data from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system, 1993-1998 SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; EVACUATIONS AB This report describes the adverse public-health effects resulting from releases of hazardous substances in schools. Data were analyzed from emergency events reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system by 14 participating states during 1993-1998. Compared with all other types of events, a higher proportion of school-related events resulted in victims (relative risk [RR] = 3,94, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 3.37-4.60) and in evacuation (RR = 5.76, 95 percent CI = 5.16-6.43). The most common cause of these events was operator error, followed in frequency by equipment failure, improper mixing, and deliberate releases. The majority of victims were exposed to spills emitting noxious gases, and their resulting symptoms were primarily associated with the respiratory tract. C1 ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berkowitz, Z (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 590GU UT WOS:000177811800003 PM 12226905 ER PT J AU Seeff, LC Shapiro, JA Nadel, MR AF Seeff, LC Shapiro, JA Nadel, MR TI Are we doing enough to screen for colorectal cancer? Findings from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE colorectal neoplasms; mass screening; occult blood; sigmoidoscopy; colonoscopy ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; MORTALITY AB OBECTIVES To estimate current rates of use of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy; to determine whether test use varies by demographic factors; and to compare 1999 rates of use with 1997 rates. m STUDY DESIGN The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is an ongoing, state-based random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the US population that collects various health behavior information, including the use of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests. POPULATION In 1999, 63,555 persons 50 years of age or older responded to questions regarding FOBT and sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. OUTCOMES MEASURED The proportion of survey respondents reporting having had FOBT and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscooy at any time; and the proportion reporting having had FOBT and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy within. recommended time intervals. Data were recorded for the years 1997 and 1999, and analyzed according to various demographic factors. RESULTS In 1 99, 40.3% of respondents reported having had an FOBT at some time, and 43.8% reported having had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Regarding recent test use, 20.6% of respondents reported having had an FOBT within the year, and 33.6% reported having had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy within the past 5 years. Some demographic variation was. noted. In 1997, 19.6% reported having had an FOBT within the year, and 30.3% reported having had a sigmoidoscopy or proctoscopy within the past 5 years. m CONCLUSIONS Use of CRC screening tests increased only slightly from 1997 to 1999. Usage remains low, despite consensus that screening for CRC reduces mortality from the. disease. Efforts to promote awareness of, and screening for, CRC must intensify. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Seeff, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DCPC, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 51 IS 9 BP 761 EP + PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 593AH UT WOS:000177968700010 PM 12366896 ER PT J AU Davis, MM McMahon, SR Santoli, JM Schwartz, B Clark, SJ AF Davis, MM McMahon, SR Santoli, JM Schwartz, B Clark, SJ TI A national survey of physician practices regarding influenza vaccine SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; reminders; chronic illness; general internist; family physician; geriatrician ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESPONSE RATES; IMMUNIZATION; INTERVENTIONS; REMINDERS; ADULTS AB OBJECTIVE: To characterize U.S. physicians' practices regarding influenza vaccine, particularly regarding the capacity to identify high-risk patients, the use of reminder systems, and the typical period of administration of vaccine. DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail survey administered in October and November 2000. PARTICIPANTS: National random sample of internists and family physicians (N = 1,606). RESULTS: Response rate was 60%. Family physicians are significantly more likely than internists to administer influenza vaccine in their practices (82% vs 76%; P < .05). Eighty percent of physicians typically administer influenza vaccine for 3 to 5 months, but only 27% continue administering vaccine after the typical national peak of influenza activity. Only one half of physicians said their practices are able to generate lists of patients with chronic illnesses at high risk for complications of influenza, and only one quarter had used mail or telephone reminder systems to contact high-risk patients. Physicians working in a physician network (including managed care organizations) are more than twice as likely to use reminders as physicians in other practice settings (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 3.55). CONCLUSIONS: Over three quarters of U.S. internists and family physicians routinely administer influenza vaccine, but few continue immunization efforts past the typical national peak of influenza activity. Many physicians may be limited by their practice data systems' capacity to identify high-risk patients. Despite the known effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of reminder systems, few physicians use reminders for influenza vaccination efforts. These findings raise concerns about meeting domestic influenza vaccination goals-especially for individuals with chronic illness and during periods of delayed vaccine availability-and the possibility of increased morbidity and mortality attributable to influenza as a result. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, 300 N Ingalls Bldg,6C23, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.11040.x PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 594AF UT WOS:000178026100002 PM 12220362 ER PT J AU Padula, PJ Sanchez, AJ Edelstein, A Nichol, ST AF Padula, PJ Sanchez, AJ Edelstein, A Nichol, ST TI Complete nucleoticle sequence of the M RNA segment of Andes virus and analysis of the variability of the termini of the virus S, M and L RNA segments SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ARGENTINA; OUTBREAK; HETEROGENEITY; INFECTIONS; GENOME; CHILE AB Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HIPS) has been recognized increasingly as a significant public health problem in South America since Andes virus was first discovered in Argentina. Here, the isolation of Andes virus is reported from an infected rodent captured in Argentina in close vicinity to the place of the first HIPS case, AH1. The complete nucleotide sequences of the virus M segment, partial L segment and the termini of the S, M and L segment genome RNAs were determined. The Andes virus M RNA segment is 3671 nt in length and is predicted to encode a glycoprotein precursor 1138 aa in length; it generally resembles the other HIPS-associated hantaviruses in its organization. Relative to the G1 glycoprotein of other HIPS-associated hantaviruses, an additional potential glycosylation site was found but this is located in the predicted cytoplasmic domain and is therefore unlikely to be glycosylated. In phylogenetic analyses, Andes virus, together with the more related hantaviruses, represented a monophyletic lineage. The S-terminal nucleotides were conserved relative to other New World hantaviruses. The M and L segment RNA termini had short deletions in the region believed to contain the sequence and structural features necessary for initiation of virus RNA replication and transcription. Clinical manifestations of Andes virus infections range from fulminant respiratory disease with high lethality to mild course without sequelae. Andes virus has also been associated with person-to-person transmission. Accumulation of Andes virus genetic data will be essential for understanding the factors that regulate virus replication and transmission and to determine the pathogenesis of HPS. C1 ANLIS Dr Carlos G Malbran, Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecciosas, Dept Virol, RA-1281 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Padula, PJ (reprint author), ANLIS Dr Carlos G Malbran, Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecciosas, Dept Virol, Av Velez Sarsfield 563, RA-1281 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 83 BP 2117 EP 2122 PN 9 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 588UM UT WOS:000177720000003 PM 12185264 ER PT J AU Aral, MM Guan, JB Maslia, ML AF Aral, MM Guan, JB Maslia, ML TI Closure to "Identification of contaminant source location and release history in aquifers" by Mustafa M. Aral, Jiabao Guan, and Morris L. Maslia SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLLUTION SOURCES; GROUNDWATER C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Multimedia Environm Simulat Lab, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. DHAC, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Aral, MM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Multimedia Environm Simulat Lab, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 7 IS 5 BP 400 EP 401 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2002)7:5(400) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 585GZ UT WOS:000177518200008 ER PT J AU Pereira, SJ Ramirez, NE Xiao, LH Ward, LA AF Pereira, SJ Ramirez, NE Xiao, LH Ward, LA TI Pathogenesis of human and bovine Cryptosporidium parvum in gnotobiotic pigs SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene ID TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB To compare the pathogenesis of human genotype 1 (HuG1) and bovine genotype 2 (BoG2) Cryptosporidium parvum, neonatal gnotobiotic pigs were given 1-10 HuG1 or BoG2 oocysts. The prepatent and patent periods were significantly longer for HuG1 than for BoG2 C. parvum (prepatent, 8.6 vs. 5.6 days; patent, 16.6 vs. 10.3 days). BoG2-infected pigs developed significantly more severe disease than did HuG1-infected pigs. BoG2 parasites were seen microscopically throughout the intestines during the prepatent and patent periods. HuG1 parasites were only detected during the patent period in the ileum and colon but colonized the mucosal surface in significantly larger numbers than did BoG2. Moderate-to-severe villus/mucosal attenuation with lymphoid hyperplasia was seen throughout the intestines of BoG2-infected pigs, whereas lesions in HuG1-infected pigs were mild to moderate and restricted to the ileum and colon. These findings provide additional support for the hypothesis that human and bovine C. parvum genotypes may be separate species. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Wooster, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ward, LA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 5 BP 715 EP 718 DI 10.1086/342296 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 582LR UT WOS:000177352900019 PM 12195362 ER PT J AU Lennox, JL Villanueva, JM Bush, TJ Ellerbrock, TV Hart, CE AF Lennox, JL Villanueva, JM Bush, TJ Ellerbrock, TV Hart, CE TI The menstrual cycle does not affect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 levels in vaginal secretions - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID GENITAL-TRACT; BLOOD; RNA C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Grady Infect Dis Program, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AID STD & TB Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lennox, JL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Grady Infect Dis Program, 341 Ponce De Leon Ave NE, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 5 BP 728 EP 729 DI 10.1086/342050 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 582LR UT WOS:000177352900026 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Goodman, RA Martin, EL Kluisza, NL AF Jones, SE Goodman, RA Martin, EL Kluisza, NL TI The public's health and the law in the 21(st) century: A partnership conference on public health law - Preface SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Syst Dev & Res, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200001 ER PT J AU Gerberding, J AF Gerberding, J TI Conference welcoming remarks SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200002 ER PT J AU Fielding, JE Marks, JS Myers, BW Nolan, PA Rawson, RD Toomey, KE AF Fielding, JE Marks, JS Myers, BW Nolan, PA Rawson, RD Toomey, KE TI How do we translate science into public health policy and law? SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent ID COMMUNITY PREVENTIVE SERVICES; GUIDE AB Scientific knowledge concerning effective preventive measures to preserve and protect the health of the public continues to grow exponentially. Methods for assessing the impact of population-based interventions such as policies and laws have also greatly increased in the past decade, including systematic approaches that allow general findings to be drawn from various studies, especially those developed as part of the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). However, the translation of the collected scientific evidence gathered to date has been spotty and problematic. Success stories do exist, including community water fluoridation, a significant factor in improvements in reduction of tooth decay over the past 50 years. Even for interventions with a strong science base, such as community water fluoridation, significant barriers to implementation of effective strategies discovered through research remain. Barriers include public misunderstanding of health issues and proposed solutions such as fluoridation; lack of engagement on the part of the media in communicating known effective strategies; and reluctance on the part of policymakers to champion approaches that concern but may not be advocated by their constituencies. The increasing burden of chronic disease places public policymakers into non-traditional roles, such as advocating behavior change as a preventive measure. Science is a critical tool to help legislators and policymakers "connect the dots" between public policies. For example, the elimination or degrading of physical education programs in schools is an important factor in addressing the national epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity in addition to the increase in rates of Type II diabetes among children. This article provides an overview of the past, present, and future associated with translating science into public health policy and law, including a review of tools and strategies to address existing and expanding public health challenges. The article also provides and discusses examples of translating and implementing science-based solutions to address public health problems effectively. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Nevada Legislature, Carson City, NV USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Dept Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fielding, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth & Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 22 EP 32 PG 11 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200005 PM 12508498 ER PT J AU Baker, EL Blumenstock, JS Jensen, J Morris, RD Moulton, AD AF Baker, EL Blumenstock, JS Jensen, J Morris, RD Moulton, AD TI Building the legal foundation for an effective public health system SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB Work has been underway nationally since the mid-1990s to equip state and community public health systems with the infrastructure needed to perform essential public health services. Key components of that infrastructure are a competent workforce, information and communication systems, health department and laboratory capacity, and legal authorities. As part of this transformative work, standards and assessment tools have been developed to measure the capacity and actual performance of public health systems. In addition, a number of states have examined the legal foundation for public health services and have revised and updated those authorities to improve their system's capacity in the context of evolving health challenges. Among those states are Nebraska, New Jersey, and Texas, all of which, beginning in 1999, have adopted dynamic new approaches to aligning public health's legal authorities with new missions and expectations for performance and accountability. This article describes the approaches that these three states have taken to strengthen their legal foundation for public health practice, to illuminate the perspectives legislators and health officials bring to the process, and to give decision makers in other states practical insight into the potential benefits of reviewing and restructuring public health's legal authorities. The underlying stimuli for the states' initiatives differed significantly, yet shared an important, common core. What they held in common was concern that outdated elements of the public health system and infrastructure hindered delivery of essential public health services at the community level. Where they differed was in the type of tools they found most suitable for the job of rejuvenating those structures. The approaches taken, and the policy tools selected, reflect the unique health needs of each state, establish relationships among state and community health authorities and agencies, and provide guidance by elected and appointed policy makers. Each state continues to refine its approach as it gains experience with the new authorities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Nebraska Unicameral Legislature, Lincoln, NE USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Bimidji, MN USA. RP Baker, EL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200009 PM 12508502 ER PT J AU Matthews, GW Benjamin, G Mills, SP Parmet, W Misrahi, JJ AF Matthews, GW Benjamin, G Mills, SP Parmet, W Misrahi, JJ TI Legal preparedness for bioterrorism SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB Responding to a terrorist biological weapon attack poses new challenges not only for the public health response community but also to the very construct of public health police powers as we know them today. States are debating the merits of revising and updating these powers in order to ensure an effective and legally appropriate response. This article covers three aspects of the policy debate: the experience in one state from a legislative perspective, a discussion from an academic viewpoint, and one example of the role of enhanced powers from the response perspective. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen Counsel, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wright & Mills, Skowhegan, ME USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Law, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Matthews, GW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen Counsel, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200010 PM 12508503 ER PT J AU Jackson, R Harp, T Wright, T AF Jackson, R Harp, T Wright, T TI Land use planning: Why public health must be involved SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB The way that land is used has a direct impact on public health. Legislators and other with responsibility for land use planning need to be aware of the public health connection and need to promote effective land use planning as a means of improving the public's health. This article discusses the public health/land use connection and the role that local, state, and national legislators can play in promoting land use planning that supports the public's health. It also provides an example of a collaborative local land use initiative aimed at addressing a public health problem in a city and at providing a model that other locations can use in making land use conform to sound public health policy. Finally, it provides an overview of initiatives to promote healthy land use in the New York metropolitan area by Regional Plan Association, a private non-profit planning organization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Reg Plan Assoc, New York, NY USA. RP Jackson, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200013 PM 12508506 ER PT J AU Henson, R Medina, L St Clair, S Blanke, D Downs, L Jordan, J AF Henson, R Medina, L St Clair, S Blanke, D Downs, L Jordan, J TI Clean indoor air: Where, why, and how SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; INTERVENTIONS; EXPOSURE; REVIEWS AB Clean indoor air policies are an effective way to eliminate exposure to secondhand smoke and reduce smoking among youth and adults; they are strongly recommended by the Surgeon General and the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. How these policies are put into effect and at what level of government can make a difference. Legislation that preempts local action prevents communities from enacting more stringent laws or tailoring laws to address community-specific issues. Preemptive state laws also can be a barrier to local enforcement because communities not involved in decision making may be less aware of laws, may have no enforcement mechanism, and thus may be less compliant. Preemption is clearly a tobacco industry strategy to take away local control, usually in exchange for a weak law offering little protection from secondhand smoke. As communities across the country continue to pass stronger local ordinances, eliminating preemptive laws becomes more important. During 2002, Delaware became the first state to repeal clean air preemption. In Iowa, the attorney general's office has been involved in the determination of whether the state clean air law prevents communities from passing more stringent ordinances. And although Minnesota's pioneer Clean Indoor Air Act does not preempt local laws, the debate over preemption there has not ended but instead has taken new forms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Consumer Protect Div, Des Moines, IA USA. William Mitchell Coll Law, Tobacco Law Project, St Paul, MN USA. Med Soc New Jersey, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. RP Henson, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200014 PM 12508507 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Bland, MG Gortmaker, SL Molloy, M Schmid, TL AF Dietz, WH Bland, MG Gortmaker, SL Molloy, M Schmid, TL TI Policy tools for the childhood obesity epidemic SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB The rapid increases in childhood and adolescent overweight between 1980 and 1999 can only be explained by environmental factors. Historically, the most effective strategies to address nutritional problems that have caused such widespread disease have been policy-driven environmental changes. To develop effective public policy responses to the obesity epidemic, we must expand the science base linking environmental conditions and policies to health behaviors and conditions; establish effective intersectoral coalitions of stakeholders; and create effective policy at the national and state levels. Although the childhood obesity epidemic is still evolving, this article provides several examples of potentially effective strategic approaches to address it. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Prevent Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, N Carolina Prevent Partners, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200015 PM 12508508 ER PT J AU Leverett, M Ashe, M Gerard, S Jenson, J Woollery, T AF Leverett, M Ashe, M Gerard, S Jenson, J Woollery, T TI Tobacco use: The impact of prices SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent ID CIGARETTE AB Cigarette smoking continues to be a leading cause of death in the United States, imposing substantial measurable costs to society. Smoking killed over 440,000 people in the United States each year during the period 1995-1999.(1) If current smoking trends continue, over 5 million people currently younger than 18 will die prematurely from tobacco-related diseases. Increases in excise taxes have been shown to be effective in reducing smoking among youth. However, the adoption of tax increases in any jurisdiction is susceptible to many challenges. Furthermore, smuggling of tobacco products and sales of tobacco products over the Internet threaten the effectiveness of tobacco tax increases. This article discusses the effectiveness of excise tax increases on prevention and reduction of smoking. It also discusses factors that influence the legislative adoption of such increases. Finally, it examines potential threats to the use of tobacco taxes as A prevention tool. C1 Baltimore Cty Dept Hlth, Towson, MD USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. Nebraska Unicameral Legislature, Lincoln, NE USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leverett, M (reprint author), Baltimore Cty Dept Hlth, Towson, MD USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 88 EP 95 PG 8 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200016 PM 12508509 ER PT J AU Barron, G Buchanan, S Hase, D Mainzer, H Ransom, MM Sarisky, J AF Barron, G Buchanan, S Hase, D Mainzer, H Ransom, MM Sarisky, J TI New approaches to safe drinking water SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB Up to half the population of some states in the United States drink water from small systems not regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act. The quality of the drinking water from these systems is generally unknown and may be suspect. In many jurisdictions, private wells are the primary source of water. In some instances, construction of wells may have met regulatory requirements but may not have adequately prevented disease transmission. Anecdotal information, periodic water-borne outbreaks, and, recent well surveys suggest that there are public health concerns associated with these and similar systems. This article provides an assessment of the need for governmental oversight (regulatory and non-regulatory) of drinking water supplies, describes how a "systems-based" approach might be used to evaluate water supply systems and to identify and prevent possible contamination, and presents case studies describing the systems-based approach as well as a comprehensive approach to environmental health that includes drinking water regulation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NE Colorado Hlth Dept, Sterling, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barron, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Barron, Gerald/0000-0002-2771-3671 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200018 PM 12508511 ER PT J AU des Vignes-Kendrick, M Nolen, J McClendon, RJ Goodman, A AF des Vignes-Kendrick, M Nolen, J McClendon, RJ Goodman, A TI Asthma: The impact of policies on breathing easier SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB Asthma's impact on health, quality of life, and the economy is substantial, and asthma rates are increasing. Currently, there is no way to prevent the initial onset of asthma, and there is no cure. However, people who have asthma can and do lead high quality, productive lives if they control their asthma by taking medication and, as appropriate, avoid contact with environmental "triggers." These environmental triggers include cockroaches, dust mites, furry pets, mold, tobacco smoke, and certain chemicals. This article provides an overview of the asthma epidemic in the United States and its impact on communities. It also discusses federal, state, and local obstacles and approaches to asthma control and provides examples of recent state legislation related to asthma and the key factors in their enactment. C1 City Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. Amer Lung Assoc, Natl Policy, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP des Vignes-Kendrick, M (reprint author), City Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200019 PM 12508512 ER PT J AU Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Williamson, DE Darrington, D AF Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Williamson, DE Darrington, D TI Childhood immunization: Laws that work SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent ID EXEMPTIONS; MEASLES AB In the United States, many vaccine-preventable disease rates are at an all-time low. Low disease rates have been achieved through high rates of immunization coverage. Vaccination requirements for school and child care attendance have been recommended by the independent Task Force on Community Preventive Services based on systematic review of immunization interventions. These requirements have been determined to be effective in reducing vaccine-preventable disease and improving immunization coverage rates in all at-risk populations. At the same time, complacency, increasing vaccine costs, vaccine shortages, and the potential risks associated with vaccinations pose challenges to immunization requirements. Some states offer not only medical and religious exemptions to immunization requirements, but also philosophical exemptions for parents who choose not to immunize their children. Policy makers must balance the need to provide individual choice with the need to protect children's health. C1 Task Force Child Survival & Dev, All Kids Count, Decatur, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Alabama Dept Hlth, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Hinman, AR (reprint author), Task Force Child Survival & Dev, All Kids Count, Decatur, GA USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200021 PM 12508514 ER PT J AU Cason, C Orrock, N Schmitt, K Tesoriero, J Lazzarini, Z Sumartojo, E AF Cason, C Orrock, N Schmitt, K Tesoriero, J Lazzarini, Z Sumartojo, E TI The impact of laws on HIV and STD prevention SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are major public health problems in the United States. Since the start of the epidemic, nearly 800,000 persons have been reported with AIDS, and approximately 900,000 Americans are currently living with HIV infection. Each year, 15 million people in the United States become infected with one or more STDs. The direct and indirect costs of the major STDs-not including HIV infection-and their complications are estimated to total at least $10 billion annually. This article underscores the importance of law and other structural factors in the prevention and treatment of HIV and STDs. It describes state-level laws on STD screening, name-based reporting of STDs, name-based reporting of HIV and HIV partner notification implementation, and the impact of laws on STD and HIV risk behaviors and prevention services. More broadly,. the article focuses on how the law influences the vulnerability or resilience of persons facing the risk of STDs, HIV infection, or AIDS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia House Representat, House Intra Govt Coordinat Comm, Atlanta, GA USA. Womens Legislavt Lobby, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent & Control, Tallahassee, FL USA. New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Off Program Evaluat & Res, Menands, NY USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. Program Med Humanities, Farmington, CT USA. RP Cason, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 139 EP 145 PG 7 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200024 PM 12508517 ER PT J AU Branche, C Williams, AF Feldman, D AF Branche, C Williams, AF Feldman, D TI Graduated licensing for teens: Why everybody's doing it SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB While the United States traditionally has allowed quick and easy paths to full-privilege licensure of drivers at an early age, graduated licensing is becoming increasingly popular. The graduated licensing system phases in unrestricted driving by allowing beginners to get their initial behind-the-wheel experiences under conditions that reduce the risk of collision. As of June 2002, 35 states and the District of Columbia had enacted some sort of graduated licensing law. Recent evaluations of graduated licensing systems in four states have found reductions in crashes among 16-year-old drivers ranging from 11 to 33 percent. Yet, not all states have such laws, and many of the graduated licensing systems in use lack important provisions, such as nighttime driving and passenger restrictions. This article reviews the rules, restrictions, and provisions of the graduated licensing model; discusses evaluations of graduated licensing systems; identifies and analyzes variations in graduated licensing approaches across states; assesses the successes and failures of early graduated licensing laws, using New Mexico as an example; and discusses the potential of these systems to prevent injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Alabama Dept Hlth, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Branche, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 146 EP 149 PG 4 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200025 PM 12508518 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Groff, PC Mickalide, AD Nolan, PA AF Dellinger, AM Groff, PC Mickalide, AD Nolan, PA TI Kids in cars: Closing gaps in child occupant restraint laws SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB This article provides background on the latest research and findings related to child occupant restraint laws; highlights recent and proposed legislation mandating child occupant restraints, along with strategies and partnerships leading to the adoption of the legislation; and identifies practical steps that elected officials and public health practitioners can take to adapt and replicate those strategies and policies in their states and communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Denver, Ctr African Amer Policy, Denver, CO USA. Natl SAFE KIDS Campaign, Washington, DC USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 150 EP 156 PG 7 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200026 PM 12508519 ER PT J AU Arias, F Dankwort, J Douglas, W Dutton, MA Stein, K AF Arias, F Dankwort, J Douglas, W Dutton, MA Stein, K TI Violence against women: The state of batterer prevention programs SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB While both men and women can be victims, domestic violence usually consists of assaults on women, and most violence against women occurs within an intimate relationship. In the past twenty years, numerous state and provincial programs to intervene in domestic violence cases have developed. The programs tend to focus on treating batterers, although they also offer counseling to domestic violence vicitims. The jury remains out on the effectiveness of these programs. A major issue is whether the programs use appropriate standards. After an overview of the prevalence and nature of domestic violence, this article provides a discussion of those standards-their nature, effectiveness, and limitations. Another section discusses use of a batterer intervention program in an urban setting. Yet another section explores the implications of intimate partner violence and looks again at the effectiveness of batterer treatment within intervention programs. The article closes with a look at the way one state addresses domestic violence and treats it as a crime. An inescapable conclusion to be drawn from the discussion is that violence against women has its roots in cultural assumptions that must undergo change if the incidence of that violence is to be reduced. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Etiol & Surveillanc Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Violence & Social Justice, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Men Stopping Violence Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arias, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Etiol & Surveillanc Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200027 ER PT J AU Jackson, R Locke, P Pirkle, J Thompson, FEE Sussman, D AF Jackson, R Locke, P Pirkle, J Thompson, FEE Sussman, D TI Will biomonitoring change how we regulate toxic chemicals? SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB Biomonitoring is the assessment of human exposure to environmental chemicals by measuring the chemicals or their metabolites in human specimens such as blood, urine, saliva, or tissue. It has become a powerful public health tool. This article discusses the, practical application of biomonitoring to address a public health problem in a state, to explain how biomonitoring differs from predicting exposure through environmental monitoring, to describe the influence biomonitoring has had on promulgating regulations aimed at protecting public health, and to discuss the position biomonitoring holds in the legal landscape as well as its promise in forging laws that will regulate toxic chemicals more effectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Trust Amer Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Jackson, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200030 PM 12508523 ER PT J AU Lichtveld, M Hodge, JG Gebbie, K Thompson, FEE Loos, DI AF Lichtveld, M Hodge, JG Gebbie, K Thompson, FEE Loos, DI TI Preparedness on the frontline: What's law got to do with it? SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB The article provides an overview of current work toward identifying core competencies for public health emergency and bio-terrorism response, including law-related competencies. It demonstrates how competency sets are interrelated and how they provide a framework for developing preparedness training for public health leaders, public health and health care professionals, law enforcement, public health attorneys, and others. The health and safety of America's communities hinge on the nation's public health workforce-the estimated 448,254 public health professionals and 3 million related workforce professionals who form the expanded public health system that protects us during times of national crisis and in our daily lives. The response capacity of our health agencies and communities and their ability to respond effectively will be unpredictable without adequate training. Education in the core competencies in emergency preparedness and bio-terrorism. response is essential. Preparedness at the front-line means that public health leaders and administrators must be able to communicate information, roles, capacities, and legal authorities to all emergency response partners during planning, drills, and actual emergencies. Each public health worker must be able to describe his or her communication role in emergency response within the agency, with the media, and with the general public. Law enforcement and state government representatives must understand the legal powers of their agencies and of public health agencies for coordinated response, mitigation, and recovery efforts in a public health emergency event. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomsberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Hlth Serv & Policy Res, New York, NY USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. DeKalb Cty Policy, Special Invest Unit, Decatur, GA USA. RP Lichtveld, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 184 EP 188 PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200031 PM 12508524 ER PT J AU Moua, M Guerra, FA Moore, JD Valdiserri, RO AF Moua, M Guerra, FA Moore, JD Valdiserri, RO TI Immigrant health: Legal tools/legal barriers SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB The United States is a country of immigrants, our government having been formed by recent arrivals. This trend has continued throughout our history; according to the Center for Immigration Studies, more than 26 million immigrants have settled in the United States since 1970, and approximately one million new immigrants come to the United States each year. The immigrant population faces highly diverse health issues that states, cities, and counties must address, many of which pose significant legal and policy issues. Social cultural, and linguistic factors complicate those challenges, as does the overlay of federal. immigration and health policy. Two federal laws, the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 and Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, have affected immigrants in two very different ways. The former made it difficult for immigrants to qualify for publicly funded benefits. In contrast, Title VI made it easier for immigrants to obtain benefits by requiring federally funded service providers to offer translating services to persons with limited English language skills. Tuberculosis treatment is perhaps the most pressing health need among recent arrivals to the United States. Methods to slow down and hopefully eliminate this disease are underway, but a more comprehensive approach to not only tuberculosis but to immigrant health in general is needed. Indeed, it will benefit those directly affected by tuberculosis and will have serious implications for the entire population for generations to come. C1 San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Govt, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200032 PM 12508525 ER PT J AU Horton, HA Birkhead, GS Bump, C Burris, S Cahill, K Goodman, R Kamoie, B Kocher, P Lazzarini, Z McKie, K Moulton, AD Ransom, MM Shaw, FE Silverstein, B Vernick, JS AF Horton, HA Birkhead, GS Bump, C Burris, S Cahill, K Goodman, R Kamoie, B Kocher, P Lazzarini, Z McKie, K Moulton, AD Ransom, MM Shaw, FE Silverstein, B Vernick, JS TI The dimensions of public health law research SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Publics Health and the Law in the 21st Centyury CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Law Med & Ethics, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alfred P Sloan Fdn, All Kids Count, Amer Bar Assoc, Standing Comm Law & Natl Secur, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Johns Hopkins Uni, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Georgetown Univ, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Louisville, Inst Bioethics Hlth Policy & Law, George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Hirsh Hlth Law & Policy Program, Milbank Mem Fund, Natl Assoc Attorneys Gen, Natl Assoc Cty & City Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Natl Conf State Legislatures, NCtl Strategy Forum, NE Univ , Sch Law, Tufts Univ, Sch Med, JD MPH Dual Degree Program, Turning Point Publ Hlth Statute Modernizat Natl Collaborat, CDC, Off Director, CDC, Off Gen Counsel, CDC, Off Global Hlth, NIOSH, Natl Ctr Infectious Dis, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epieemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Natl Ctr Injury Prev & Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent AB Applied public health law research is an essential element for improving the legal foundation of public health practice. This article focuses on the proper scope and the methodology related to conducting public health law research. In addition to considering the issue of translating research into practice, the article provides overviews of three current public health law research projects and the lessons they provide for researchers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen Counsel, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Albany, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Law, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Temple Univ, Beasley Sch Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Program Planning & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. Program Med Humanities Hlth Law & Eth, Farmington, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington State Dept Labor & Ind, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Horton, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen Counsel, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Burris, Scott/0000-0002-6013-5842 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD FAL PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 SU S BP 197 EP 201 PG 5 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 624PJ UT WOS:000179768200033 PM 12508526 ER PT J AU Apperson, CS Harrison, BA Unnasch, TR Hassan, HK Irby, WS Savage, HM Aspen, SE Watson, DW Rueda, LM Engber, BR Nasci, RS AF Apperson, CS Harrison, BA Unnasch, TR Hassan, HK Irby, WS Savage, HM Aspen, SE Watson, DW Rueda, LM Engber, BR Nasci, RS TI Host-feeding habits of Culex and other mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) in the Borough of Queens in New York City, with characters and techniques for identification of Culex mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood feeding habits; mosquitoes; birds; Cidex; West Nile virus ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; PATTERNS; INFECTION; PIPIENS; BIRDS; SURVEILLANCE; ENCEPHALITIS; CONNECTICUT; STATE; FEVER AB The host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes (n = 247) collected in the Borough of Queens in New York City in July and August 2000 were investigated using an indirect ELISA and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-heteroduplex assay. Culex pipiens L. and Cx. restuans Theobald fed primarily on birds, and their feeding habits support their implication as enzootic vectors of West Nile virus. Cidex salinarius Coquillett and Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker) fed mainly on mammals, with fewer blood meals taken from birds, and these two species are potential bridge vectors of West Nile virus. Culex mosquitoes took blood meals (n = 54) from 11 different avian species. Only the northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), American robin (Turdus migratorius), and Brown-headed cow bird (Mollothrus ater) were fed upon by all three Culex species. Multiple blood feedings on avian hosts were detected in Cx. pipiens and Cx, restuans,. Species identifications of Culex mosquitoes made using morphological characteristics were confirmed with a PCR assay that employed species-specific primers. All Cx. pipiens (n = 20) and Cx. salinarius (n = 10) specimens were correctly identified, but three (20%) of 15 Cx. restuans were misidentified as Cx. pipiens. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NC Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Publ Hlth Pest Management Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27107 USA. Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Publ Hlth Pest Management Sect, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Apperson, CS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [R01TW/ES01560] NR 44 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 777 EP 785 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.5.777 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 594DE UT WOS:000178032800012 PM 12349862 ER PT J AU Englberger, L Elymore, J Sowell, A Gonzaga, P Huff, D AF Englberger, L Elymore, J Sowell, A Gonzaga, P Huff, D TI Dietary intake of vitamin A in preschool children in Yap and Kosrae States, Micronesia. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International-Vitamin-A-Consultative-Group Meeting CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM SP Int Vitamin A Consultat Grp C1 UNICEF Pacific, Suva, Fiji. Natl Govt Dept Hlth, Palikir, Pohnpei, Micronesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 132 IS 9 SU S MA 27 BP 2966S EP 2966S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 594DK UT WOS:000178033300044 ER PT J AU Sowell, A Gonzaga, P Englberger, L Schendel, D Elymore, J Huff, D AF Sowell, A Gonzaga, P Englberger, L Schendel, D Elymore, J Huff, D TI Vitamin a deficiency and anemia among preschool children and their mothers or female caregivers in Yap and Kosrae States, Federated States of Micronesia. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International-Vitamin-A-Consultative-Group Meeting CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM SP Int Vitamin A Consultat Grp C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UNICEF Pacific, Suva, Fiji. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 132 IS 9 SU S MA 26 BP 2966S EP 2966S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 594DK UT WOS:000178033300043 ER PT J AU Sowell, A Bowen, B Caudill, S AF Sowell, A Bowen, B Caudill, S TI Validation of the Futterman fluorescence assay, a simple laboratory assessment of vitamin A status. SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International-Vitamin-A-Consultative-Group Meeting CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL HANOI, VIETNAM SP Int Vitamin A Consultat Grp C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 132 IS 9 SU S MA 39 BP 2969S EP 2969S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 594DK UT WOS:000178033300056 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS AF Freedman, DS TI Clustering of coronary heart disease risk factors among obese children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Review DE obesity; children; lipoproteins; fat distribution; longitudinal; secular trends; cardiovascular disease ID BODY-MASS INDEX; INTIMAL-MEDIAL THICKNESS; YOUNG-ADULTS; LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; CAROTID-ARTERY; WEIGHT CHANGE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; VISCERAL FAT AB Recent secular trends have resulted in large numbers of very overweight children who are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and for various coronary heart disease risk factors, including adverse levels of lipids, insulin, and blood pressure. Furthermore, severe overweight in childhood is associated with risk factor clustering and with the initial stages of atherosclerosis. There are also several adult consequences of childhood obesity, including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and premature mortality. The difficulties in preventing and reversing obesity, along with the frequent non-adherence of adolescents to lifestyle changes and medical treatment, will complicate treatment and prevention efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 61 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-018X J9 J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET JI J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1108 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics GA 601XY UT WOS:000178475500001 PM 12387507 ER PT J AU Pessoa-Silva, CL Toscano, CM Moreira, BM Santos, AL Frota, ACC Solari, CA Amorim, ELT Carvalho, MDS Teixeira, LM Jarvis, WR AF Pessoa-Silva, CL Toscano, CM Moreira, BM Santos, AL Frota, ACC Solari, CA Amorim, ELT Carvalho, MDS Teixeira, LM Jarvis, WR TI Infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serotype Infantis in a neonatal unit SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference (EIS) CY APR, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA ID TRANSFERABLE RESISTANCE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; INTENSIVE-CARE; OUTBREAK; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; REGION AB Objective: To describe the investigation and control of an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Infantis in a neonatal unit in Brazil. Methods: A case-control study for risk factors for Salmonella Infantis Systemic infection, environmental cultures, and evaluation of staffing and overcrowding and an assessment of infection control practices were performed. Results: During July 1998 to June 1999, 140 Salmonella Infantis culture-positive patients were identified in the neonatal unit. Presence of a peripheral intravascular catheter was identified as an independent risk factor (odds ratio = 4.98; 95% CI = 1.59-19.31; P =.01) and each 250-g increase in birth weight as a protective factor (odds ratio = 0.76; 95% Cl = 0.57-0.95; P = .03). Hospital stay was significantly longer and costs higher in case patients than in control patients. Salmonella Infantis was isolated from multiple environmental sources. Neonatal unit personnel were observed to make several breaks in infection control practices. The unit was understaffed and overcrowded. Prompt case identification, cohorting of patients, enhanced staff hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning terminated the outbreak. Conclusions: Inadequate infection control practices, nursery overcrowding, and understaffing can have an adverse effect on patient morbidity, mortality rates, and hospital cost. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHQP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rio de Janeiro, Inst Municipal Mulber Fernando Magalbaes, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHQP, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 141 IS 3 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.127279 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 593EQ UT WOS:000177978500016 PM 12219059 ER PT J AU Grindel, JM Jaworski, T Piraner, O Emanuele, RM Balasubramanian, M AF Grindel, JM Jaworski, T Piraner, O Emanuele, RM Balasubramanian, M TI Distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a novel surface-active agent, purified poloxamer 188, in rats, dogs, and humans SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE surfactant; renal clearance; species comparison; disposition ID SICKLE-CELL DISEASE; LIVER-MICROSOMES; PLURONIC F-68; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; INJECTION; PURIFICATION; BLOOD; TRIAL AB Purified poloxamer 188 (PP188) is a nonionic, block copolymer surfactant with hemorheologic, antithrombotic, and anti-adhesive properties. PP188 is being studied in phase III clinical trials in sickle cell disease and has been found to be well tolerated and has demonstrated benefit in ameliorating the effects of acute painful vasoocclusive crisis. The disposition of PP188 was studied in rats, dogs, and humans to establish a basis for understanding the safety parameters in support of clinical trials. PP188 was primarily distributed in extracellular water with little or no uptake by red blood cells, and had its highest concentrations in highly perfused tissues such as the kidney, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract. PP188 had no apparent effect on P450 isozymes in vitro. Metabolism was limited (<5% of dose) with a higher molecular weight copolymer being the only other material detected in plasma or urine. Renal clearance was the controlling route of clearance for PP188 from the body. The 48-h intravenous infusion doses of PP188 were cleared in all species by approximately 1 week after the cessation of dose administration. PP188's disposition is a model for other nonionic block copolymers with similar physical and chemical properties. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CytRx Corp, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. PPD Dev, Morrisville, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Innoconcepts, Roswell, GA 30075 USA. RP Grindel, JM (reprint author), CytRx Corp, 154 Technol Pkwy,Suite 200, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. NR 25 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1936 EP 1947 DI 10.1002/jps.10190 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 585GX UT WOS:000177518000002 PM 12210041 ER PT J AU Mili, F Helmick, CG Zack, MM AF Mili, F Helmick, CG Zack, MM TI Prevalence of arthritis: Analysis of data from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1996-99 SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthritis; cross sectional survey; epidemiology; prevalence; socioeconomic factors ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; WORK DISABILITY; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MARITAL-STATUS; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; DISEASE; HEALTH AB Objective. Arthritis and other rheumatic Conditions are a large and growing public health problem and constitute the-most frequent cause of disability in the United States. Because many people with arthritis do not see a doctor for it, this study uses community surveys to estimate the prevalence of arthritis among adults and to identify subgroups with high prevalence rates of arthritis. Methods. We, used data from a cross sectional random digit telephone survey (the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older conducted from 1996 through 1999. Estimates of self-repdrted arthritis,defined as ' chronic joint symptoms or doctor diagnosed arthritis, were derived from data in 15 states and Puerto Rico, all of which used an optional arthritis survey module for one or more years from 1996 through 1999. Results. After adjusting for age, we found that arthritis Was more common among several groups not recognized consistently in previous studies' to have high prevalence rates of arthritis: separated and divorced people, those out of work or unable to work, and current and former smokers. It was also more common among several previously recognized groups with high prevalence rates of arthritis: older people, women,. people with low education, people with low household incomes, physically inactive people, and overweight and obese people. Conclusion. Because appropriate management can minimize the influence of arthritis, health care providers should ask patients in high risk groups about arthritis symptoms. In addition, clinical and public health interventions may be targeted toward those subgroups with high prevalence rates of arthritis to reduce the disability from arthritis and improve their health related quality of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Helmick, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Agaliotis, Maria/G-5334-2012 NR 56 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1981 EP 1988 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 590LX UT WOS:000177825300028 PM 12233896 ER PT J AU Biddle, EA Marsh, SM AF Biddle, EA Marsh, SM TI Comparison of two fatal occupational injury surveillance systems in the United States SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE occupational fatality; occupational injury; traumatic fatal injury; surveillance systems AB Introduction: Using different methods, two national systems compile fatal occupational injury data in the United States: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). The NTOF uses only death certificates, while CFOI uses multiple sources for case ascertainment. Methods: Through overall and case-by-case comparisons, this study compares these systems and evaluates counts for the nation and by state for worker and case characteristics. Results: From 1992 through 1994, NTOF reported an average of 84% of the number of traumatic occupational fatalities reported in CFOI. This percentage changed somewhat when a case-by-case comparison was conducted-88% of the NTOF cases were matched directly to the CFOI cases. Although CFOI captured a larger number of fatalities annually, the additional fatalities did not follow a discernable pattern. Impact on industry: By understanding the distribution of fatalities, targeted efforts to reduce them will benefit all industries. (C) 2002 National Safety Council and Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Biddle, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-1811, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 337 EP 354 AR PII S0022-4375(02)00030-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00030-0 PG 18 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 611KJ UT WOS:000179016000004 PM 12404997 ER PT J AU Glaser, RA Shulman, S Kurimo, R Piacitelli, G AF Glaser, RA Shulman, S Kurimo, R Piacitelli, G TI Data supporting a provisional ASTM method for metalworking fluids part 3. Evaluation of an ASTM method for metalworking fluids in a survey of metalworking facilities SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE metalworking fluids; blanks; fraction extracted; recommended exposure level; quality control measures ID AMERICAN-SOCIETY; SOLVENT BLEND AB An interim ASTM method for analysis of metalworking fluids was evaluated for estimation of personal exposure concentrations in a 79-plant survey of machine shops and metalworking facilities across the United States. Both thoracic and total particulate samples were collected on tared polytetrafluoroethylene filters. Metalworking fluid concentrations were estimated by determination of the total- and extractable-sample weights using ASTM Method PS-42-97. This procedure employs a ternary solvent blend of dichloromethane:methanol:toluene to separate the fluids from comingled insoluble particulate. Following the initial extraction, re-extraction of 322 samples with the ternary solvent removed, on average, <2.5% of the sample weight, indicating that the majority of extractable material had been removed during the first extraction. Evaluation of the field study blank data permitted estimation of the mean, median, and upper 95th percentile of the limits of quantitation to be 0.1 mg, 0.1 mg, and 0.3 mg, respectively, for both the total weight and the extractable weight samples. For the 79-plant survey, the fractions extracted (weight extracted/weight of sample) were studied as a function of four metalworking fluid types and three main work operations-grinding, milling, and turning-according to-A restricted maximum likelihood statistical procedure. This evaluation of the data indicated that the fractions extracted generally decreased. in the order: straight > semisynthetic or soluble > synthetic; the differences in the fractions extracted for the straight and the synthetic fluids were statistically significant only for the grinding operation at two sample levels tested. Studies of the stability of quality assurance (QA) samples spiked separately with a straight, a soluble, a semisynthetic, and a synthetic fluid indicated that the QA samples all lostweight according to simple linear decay equations. These decay equations were used to estimate the amounts expected to be reported for QA filters by the perk forming laboratory. For storage periods ranging from 18-26 days the total weight of sample recovered for each QA sample was greater than or equal to80% of that expected from the decay equations. For these QA samples, the fractions extracted (extracted weight/total sample weight) from all four fluid types were greater than or equal to0.90. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Glaser, RA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 439 EP 451 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 603NT UT WOS:000178566500009 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Martinez, HQ AF Clark, GG Martinez, HQ TI Mosquito Vector Control and Biology in Latin America - A Twelfth Symposium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE mosquitoes; mosquito control; bionomics; Aedes; Anopheles; Culiseta; Ochlerotatus; Lutzomyia; Triatoma; scorpions; Loxosceles; Musca domestica; Chironomus; insecticide resistance AB The 12th annual Latin American symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 68th Annual Meeting in Denver, CO, in February 2002. The principal objective, as for the previous I I symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 35 presentations that were given orally in Spanish or presented as posters by participants from 7 countries in Latin America. Topics addressed in the symposium included results from chemical and biological control programs and studies; studies of insecticide resistance; and population genetics, molecular, ecological, and behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and other arboviruses, malaria (Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis), leishmaniasis (Lutzomyia), and Chagas Disease (Triatoma). Related topics included biology and control of Culiseta inornata, Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, scorpions, Chironomus plumosus, and Musca domestica. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Entomol Lab, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 747ZR UT WOS:000186837300002 PM 12322934 ER PT J AU Gottfried, KL Gerhardt, RR Nasci, RS Crabtree, MB Karabatsos, N Burkhalter, KL Davis, BS Panella, NA Paulson, DJ AF Gottfried, KL Gerhardt, RR Nasci, RS Crabtree, MB Karabatsos, N Burkhalter, KL Davis, BS Panella, NA Paulson, DJ TI Temporal abundance, parity, survival rates, and arbovirus isolation of field-collected containerinhabiting mosquitoes in eastern Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Ochlerotatus triseriatus; Aedes albopictus; parity; temporal abundance; Jamestown Canyon virus; California serogroup ID LA-CROSSE-VIRUS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA; WESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; ENDEMIC AREA; TRISERIATUS; ENCEPHALITIS; OVIPOSITION; CULICIDAE; POPULATIONS AB Surveillance of container-inhabiting mosquitoes was conducted from June 17 through November 9, 1998, at 2 1997 La Crosse virus (LAC) human case sites (Knox and Cocke counties, Tennessee). Mosquitoes were collected weekly with 2 dry ice-baited Centers for Disease Control miniature light traps, 2 omnidirectional Fay traps, and 40 oviposition traps at each site. A total of 8,408 mosquitoes, composed of Ochlerotatus triseriatus (n = 2,095) and Aedes albopictus (n = 6,313), were reared or collected and assayed for virus. The majority of host-seeking Ae. albopictus (n = 567) collected from July through October from both sites were dissected to determine parity status. Monthly parity rates ranged from 0.78 to 0.85 and 0.79 to 0.92 in Knox and Cocke counties, respectively. The high parity rates indicate that this population of Ae. albopictus has a high daily survival rate and may have a high vector potential. The temporal patterns in Ae. albopictus and Oc. triseriatus egg collections from both of the human case sites were significantly correlated, suggesting that the populations fluctuate in a similar manner across the eastern Tennessee region. Although LAC was not isolated from either species, one isolation of a California serogroup virus, most likely a subtype of Jamestown Canyon virus (JC), was recovered from a pool of 50 male Ae. albopictus reared from eggs collected at the Knox County site (minimum field infection rate of 1.89 per 1,000). This is the I st report of a very closely related JC-like virus in Ae. albopictus and from Tennessee, as well as the I st time this potential human pathogen has been isolated from transovarially infected field populations of Ae. albopictus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Gottfried, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 164 EP 172 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 747ZR UT WOS:000186837300006 PM 12322937 ER PT J AU Tarver-Carr, ME Powe, NR Eberhardt, MS Laveist, TA Kington, RS Coresh, J Brancati, FL AF Tarver-Carr, ME Powe, NR Eberhardt, MS Laveist, TA Kington, RS Coresh, J Brancati, FL TI Excess risk of chronic kidney disease among African-American versus white subjects in the United States: A population-based study of potential explanatory factors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; II DIABETES-MELLITUS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; VITAL STATUS; BLACK; RACE; HYPERTENSION AB African Americans experience higher rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) than do whites. It was hypothesized that racial differences in modifiable factors would account for much of the excess risk of CKD. A cohort study of 9082 African-American and white adults of age 30 to 74 yr, who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1976 to 1980 and were monitored for vital status through 1992 in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study, was conducted. Incident CKD was defined as treated CKD cases (ascertained by linkage to the Medicare Registry) and deaths related to kidney disease. The incidence of all-cause CKD was 2.7 times higher among African Americans, compared with whites. Adjustment for sociodemographic factors decreased the relative risk (RR) to 2.49, explaining 12% of the excess risk of CKD among African Americans. Further adjustment for lifestyle factors explained 24% of the excess risk, whereas adjustment for clinical factors alone explained 32%. Simultaneous adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors attenuated the RR to 1.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 3.63), explaining 44% of the excess risk. Although the excess risk of CKD among African Americans was much greater among middle-age adults (30 to 59 yr of age; RR = 4.23, statistically significant) than among older adults (60 to 74 yr of age; RR = 1.27), indicating an interaction between race and age, the same patterns of explanatory factors were observed for the two age groups. Nearly one one-half of the excess risk of CKD among African-American adults can be explained on the basis of potentially modifiable risk factors; however, much of the excess risk remains unexplained. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Sociol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Brancati, FL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, 2024 E Monument St,Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F31-GM20081] NR 59 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2363 EP 2370 DI 10.1097/01.ASN.0000026493.18542.6A PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 588EA UT WOS:000177687000019 PM 12191981 ER PT J AU Trachtenberg, JD Jacobson, M Noh, JC Tsang, VCW Ndoskoi, J Koster, F AF Trachtenberg, JD Jacobson, M Noh, JC Tsang, VCW Ndoskoi, J Koster, F TI Schistosomiasis in expatriates in the Arusha region of Tanzania SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: In 1996 the seroprevalence of schistosomiasis in expatriates and travelers who had contact with Lake Malawi, a fresh water source thought to be schistosomiasis-free, was measured at 32%. Clinicians in Arusha, Tanzania, questioned the prevalence of Schistosoma infection in expatriates living in the Arusha region, and how schistosomiasis might relate to symptoms of chronic fatigue in Arusha expatriates. Method: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 80 expatriates living in the Arusha region of Tanzania to determine the seroprevalence of schistosome infection. Whole blood was analyzed by the Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) for the presence of species-specific Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium antibodies to microsomal antigens of adult Schistosoma worms, followed by confirmatory enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (Western blot). Volunteers answered a questionnaire which included length of residence in Arusha, risk factors, symptoms, and previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Results: Of the 80 expatriates sampled, 8 (10%) were positive for schistosomiasis (6 to S. mansoni only, 1 to S. haematobium, 1 to both species). Significant risk factors, elicited by questionnaire, included longer residence in the Arusha region (p = .020), history of fatigue (p = .010) and myalgias (p = .047), and previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis by stool or urine ova (p = .0007). Conclusion: The lower seroprevalence of schistosomiasis in Arusha expatriates, compared with expatriates and travelers to Lake Malawi, suggests a regional variation of rate of schistosomiasis infection. Although a history of fatigue and myalgias was related to seropositivity, there is no strong evidence that schistosomiasis infection is the cause of chronic fatigue in Arusha expatriates. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Selian Lutheran Hosp, Arusha, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koster, F (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Infect Dis, 915 Camino Salud,BRF 323, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604LR UT WOS:000178623100002 PM 12962595 ER PT J AU Factor, SH Wu, YF Monserrate, J Edwards, V Cuevas, Y Del Vecchio, S Vlahov, D AF Factor, SH Wu, YF Monserrate, J Edwards, V Cuevas, Y Del Vecchio, S Vlahov, D TI Drug use frequency among street-recruited heroin and cocaine users in Harlem and the Bronx before and after September 11, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cross-sectional study; disaster; drug users; illicit drug use; terrorism AB We determined if illicit drug use frequency changes after a disaster by comparing drug use frequency in two street-recruited samples of heroin and cocaine users, ages 15-40 years. The users were interviewed between July 11 and November 11 and divided into before- and after-September 11th groups for analysis. The before and after groups were similar in the mean number of days of drug use per month (sniff cocaine 6.8 days vs. 9.4 days, respectively, P = .17; snorted heroin 13.9 vs. 14.0, respectively, P = .96; smoked crack 16.9 vs. 15.6, respectively, P = .96, and smoked marijuana 17.5 vs. 15.3, respectively, P = .36) and in the proportion of daily users: sniffed cocaine 10% versus 17%, respectively (P = .28); snorted heroin 47% versus 40%, respectively (P = .91); smoked crack 33% versus 37%, respectively (P = .68); and smoked marijuana 47% versus 40%, respectively (P = .41). Among street-recruited heroin and cocaine users in Harlem and the Bronx, the frequency of drug use did not increase following the events of September 11, 2001. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Factor, SH (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave,Room 556, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA13146-01, R01 DA12801-01] NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2002 VL 79 IS 3 BP 404 EP 408 DI 10.1093/jurban/79.3.404 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 591AU UT WOS:000177858200014 PM 12200509 ER PT J AU Tatti, KM Gentsch, J Shieh, WJ Ferebee-Harris, T Lynch, M Bresee, J Jiang, BM Zaki, SR Glass, R AF Tatti, KM Gentsch, J Shieh, WJ Ferebee-Harris, T Lynch, M Bresee, J Jiang, BM Zaki, SR Glass, R TI Molecular and immunological methods to detect rotavirus in formalin-fixed tissue SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; immunohistochemistry; RT-PCR; in situ hybridization ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN; VIRUS; PCR; HYBRIDIZATION; LOCALIZATION; INFECTIONS AB In 1999, a tetravalent rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn from the market after reports of intussusception. cases among vaccinated infants. Methods to detect rotavirus in formalin-fixed pathology specimens from such patients will be important in examining the possible associations between the vaccine and intussusception, in investigating fatalities caused by natural rotavirus infection, and in furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of rotavirus disease. Three different methods, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (ISH), were developed to detect rotavirus in infected cell lines that were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Using specific primer pairs to identify the VP4 gene with a one-step RT-PCR method, we detected simian rotavirus strains RRV and YK-1 in the liver of an RRV-infected SCID mouse and in the small intestine of an YK-1 infected macaque, respectively. Using a two-step indirect immunoalkaline phosphatase technique, we found RRV antigens in the liver of an infected SCID mouse with a rabbit polyclonal anti-group A rotavirus antibody and a murine monoclonal anti-rotavirus VP2 antibody. Using riboprobes designed to detect RRV genes, VP4 and NSP4, we obtained a positive hybridization signal in the same area of the infected SCID mouse liver as the area in which rotavirus antigens were localized. These techniques should prove valuable to detect rotavirus antigens and nucleic acids in tissues from patients infected naturally with rotavirus or. with intussususception associated with rotavirus vaccine. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch,Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tatti, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 305 EP 319 AR PII S0166-0934(02)00124-6 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00124-6 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 601GT UT WOS:000178438700012 PM 12270663 ER PT J AU Wilson, KE Beck, VH AF Wilson, KE Beck, VH TI Entertainment outreach for women's health at CDC SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Womens Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ So Calif, Annenberg Sch Commun, Norman Lear Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Wilson, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Womens Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D-51, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 11 IS 7 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1089/152460902760360522 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 602NQ UT WOS:000178511700002 PM 12396890 ER PT J AU Barden, LS Delany, JR Glenn, S Perry, SR Lipman, H Escott, SH Luck, D AF Barden, LS Delany, JR Glenn, S Perry, SR Lipman, H Escott, SH Luck, D TI Training laboratory personnel to identify the agents of bioterrorism SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PUBLIC-HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Washington, DC USA. RP Barden, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9 BP 699 EP 703 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 587UX UT WOS:000177662800010 ER PT J AU Campbell, GL Marfin, AA Lanciotti, RS Gubler, DJ AF Campbell, GL Marfin, AA Lanciotti, RS Gubler, DJ TI West Nile virus SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK-CITY; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; FEVER OUTBREAK; NEW-JERSEY; NEW-WORLD; INFECTION; MOSQUITOS; EPIDEMIC; ROMANIA AB West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and human, equine, and avian neuropathogen. The virus is indigenous to Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia, and has recently caused large epidemics in Romania, Russia, and Israel. Birds are the natural reservoir (amplifying) hosts, and WN virus is maintained in nature in a mosquito-bird-mosquito transmission cycle primarily involving Culex sp mosquitoes. WN virus was recently introduced to North America, where it was first detected in 1999 during an epidemic of meningoencephalitis in New York City. During 1999-2002, the virus extended its range throughout much of the eastern parts of the USA, and its range within the western hemisphere is expected to continue to expand. During 1999-2001, 142 cases of neuroinvasive WN viral disease of the central nervous system (including 18 fatalities), and seven cases of uncomplicated WN fever were reported in the USA. Most human WN viral infections are subclinical but clinical infections can range in severity from uncomplicated WN fever to fatal meningoencephalitis; the incidence of severe neuroinvasive disease and death increase with age. Serology remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. No WN virus-specific treatment or vaccine is available. Prevention depends on organised, sustained vector mosquito control, and public education. C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Campbell, GL (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 89 TC 456 Z9 497 U1 13 U2 123 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 2 IS 9 BP 519 EP 529 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00368-7 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 589LD UT WOS:000177759100017 PM 12206968 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GR Yemm, RS Childs, KD O'Callaghan, JP Hossner, KL AF Schmidt, GR Yemm, RS Childs, KD O'Callaghan, JP Hossner, KL TI Verification of different glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) analyses as accurate detectors of central nervous system tissue in advanced meat recovery (AMR) products SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE central nervous system tissue in advanced meat recovery product ID CAPTIVE BOLT GUNS; BRAIN-TISSUE; SPINAL-CORD; CATTLE; EMBOLI; LUNGS AB A glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) fluorescent enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was compared with an ELISA test kit for GFAP to determine the level of central nervous system (CNS) tissue in advanced meat recovery (AMR) products. The test kit results were highly correlated (r = 0.975) with the fluorescent ELISA. Meat cuts and AMR were analyzed on site at 14 meat plants utilizing the test kits. In seven of the plants all AMP, samples had less than 1 ng GFAP. Seven of the plants had greater than 1 ng GFAP in AMR samples. Development of proper process controls to eliminate inclusion of spinal cord in AMR materials should bring all values to less than 1 ng GFAP, a level slightly above background. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Schmidt, GR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 AR PII S0309-1740(01)00231-5 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(01)00231-5 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 576LN UT WOS:000177006900011 PM 22061195 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Elbasha, EE Thompson, BL Harris, JR Sneller, VP AF Ahmed, F Elbasha, EE Thompson, BL Harris, JR Sneller, VP TI Cost-benefit analysis of a new HEDIS performance measure for pneumococcal vaccination SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE cost-benefit; cost-effectiveness; health maintenance organizations; intervention; managed care programs; outcomes assessment (health care); performance measures; pneumococcal vaccine; quality of health care ID MANAGED-CARE; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PHYSICIAN COMPLIANCE; NATIONAL-COMMITTEE; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; ELDERLY PERSONS; PREVENTIVE CARE; HEALTH PLANS AB Objectives. Measurement of the quality, of care provided by managed care organizations (MCOs) has achieved national prominence, though there is controversy, regarding its value, This article assesses the economic implications of a new Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS(R)) measure for pneumococcal vaccination. Methods. A Markov decision model, with Monte Carlo simulations, was utilized to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of annual HEDIS-associated interventions, which were repeated for 5 consecutive years, in an average Medicare MCO, using a societal perspective and a 3% annual discount rate. Results. Compared with the status quo, the HEDIS intervention will be cost saving 99.8% of the time, with an average net savings of $3.80 per enrollee (95% probability interval: $0.73-$6.87). Conclusions. The new HEDIS measure will save societal dollars. This type of analysis is essential if performance measurement is to become a legitimate part of our health care landscape. C1 CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, MS-K73,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 SU S BP S58 EP S66 DI 10.1177/027298902237711 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 596NF UT WOS:000178170400007 PM 12369232 ER PT J AU Corso, PS Hammitt, JK Graham, JD Dicker, RC Goldie, SJ AF Corso, PS Hammitt, JK Graham, JD Dicker, RC Goldie, SJ TI Assessing preferences for prevention versus treatment using willingness to pay SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE primary prevention; treatment; public opinion; cost-benefit analysis ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; RISK REDUCTION; TO-PAY; HEALTH; LIFE; PROGRAMS; CURE AB Background, Rising health care costs and limited resources necessitate trade-offs between resources allocated toward prevention and those toward treatment. Information from opinion polls suggests citizens favor spending a higher proportion of all health care dollars on prevention rather than treatment. Objectives. To assess the policy implications of willingness to pay (WTP) for use in cost-benefit analysis (CBA) as a method for capturing individual preferences for prevention and treatment in the context Of resource allocation decisions. Methods. The authors recruited a random sample of 1456 US residents age 18 years and greater by telephone using random-digit dialing. The survey was designed as a 3-stage (phone-mail-phone) process and was conducted between December 1998 and March 1999. For all persons completing the survey(N = 1104), the authors 1st collected respondents' opinions about the costs and effectiveness of prevention versus treatment programs in general. Half of respondents were then asked to state their WTP for a hypothetical prevention scenario and half were asked to state their WTP for a hypothetical treatment scenario. Both scenarios were specific to the same health context and included an identical reduction in mortality risk. Results. WTP for treatment was significantly greater than WTP for prevention, $665 and $223, respectively. Prior opinions on the relative effectiveness afforded by preventive and treatment interventions moderately influenced the WTP estimates for persons randomized to either scenario. Prior opinions on costs had no significant effect on WTP estimates for either scenario. WTP significantly increased with age and household income in the full sample but was not significantly affected by gender or educational attainment. Conclusions. The aggregated WTP responses from the prevention and treatment scenarios presented in our study would imply that treatment is more strongly preferred by society than prevention when the health context is the same and benefits of each are held constant. A better understanding is needed of the discrepancy between citizens' stated preferences for prevention (e.g., through polling) and our findings that they were willing to pay substantially in ore for treatment than for prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Corso, PS (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 SU S BP S92 EP S101 DI 10.1177/027298902237713 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 596NF UT WOS:000178170400010 PM 12369235 ER PT J AU Corso, PS Thacker, SB Koplan, JR AF Corso, PS Thacker, SB Koplan, JR TI The value of prevention: Experiences of a public health agency SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; INTERVENTIONS; SOCIETY; SMOKING; COSTS; RESOURCES; SERVICES; BENEFITS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Robert W Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Corso, PS (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 SU S BP S11 EP S16 DI 10.1177/027298902237712 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 596NF UT WOS:000178170400002 PM 12369226 ER PT J AU Earnshaw, SR Richter, A Sorensen, SW Hoerger, TJ Hicks, KA Engelgau, M Thompson, T Narayan, KMV Williamson, DE Gregg, E Zhang, P AF Earnshaw, SR Richter, A Sorensen, SW Hoerger, TJ Hicks, KA Engelgau, M Thompson, T Narayan, KMV Williamson, DE Gregg, E Zhang, P TI Optimal allocation of resources across four interventions for type 2 diabetes SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE resource allocation; diabetes; cost-effectiveness; equity; efficiency ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; OREGON EXPERIMENT; PREVENTION; CARE; COMPLICATIONS; HIV; ASSUMPTIONS; PRAVASTATIN; GUIDELINES AB Background. Several interventions can be applied to prevent complications of type 2 diabetes. This article examines the optimal allocation of resources across 4 interventions to treat patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The interventions are intensive glycemic control, intensified hypertension control, cholesterol reduction, and smoking cessation.,Methods. A linear programming model was designed to select sets of interventions to maximize quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), subject to varied budget and equity constraints. Results. For no additional cost, approximately 211,000 QALYs can be gained over the lifetimes of all persons newly diagnosed with diabetes by implementing interventions rather than standard care. With increased availability of funds, additional health benefits can be gained but with diminishing marginal returns. The impact of equity constraints is extensive compared to the solution with the some intervention costs and no equity constraint. Under the conditions modeled, intensified hypertension control and smoking cessation interventions were provided most often, and intensive glycemic control and cholesterol reduction interventions were provided less often. Conclusions. A resource allocation model identifies trade-offs involved when imposing budget and equity constraints on care for individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes. C1 Res Triangle Inst, RTI Hlth Solut, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoerger, TJ (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, RTI Hlth Solut, 3040 Corwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Richter, Anke/I-9050-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 SU S BP S80 EP S91 DI 10.1177/027298902237704 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 596NF UT WOS:000178170400009 PM 12369234 ER PT J AU Manslej, EC Dunet, DO May, DS Chattopadhyaj, SK McKenna, MTM AF Manslej, EC Dunet, DO May, DS Chattopadhyaj, SK McKenna, MTM TI Variation in average costs among federally sponsored state-organized cancer detection programs: Economies of scale? SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE average cost analysis; economic evaluation; program evaluation; screening programs; economies of scale; public health intervention programs ID SCREENING-PROGRAM; BREAST-CANCER; MAMMOGRAPHY; HEALTH; WOMEN AB Background. Societal cost-effectiveness analysis and its variants help decision makers achieve an efficient allocation of resources across the set of all possible health interventions. Sometimes, however, decision makers are focused instead on the efficient allocation of resources within a particular intervention program that has already been implemented, This is especially true when the intervention is being delivered at several different sites, An analysis of overage cost across program sites may help program officials to maximize the health benefits that con be achieved with limited resources. In this article, the authors present such an analysis, with special attention paid to the possible existence and implications of economies of scale. Methods. Focusing on federally sponsored, state-organized cancer detection programs, the authors modeled 19 state programs as productive processes and examined their average costs over a 2- to 5-year period of operation. They considered 3 alternative definitions of output: women served, screens performed, and conditions detected. Average federal costs and average total costs were estimated for each grant period. Multivariate regression analysis was used to help explain the variation in average costs. Results. The average cost estimates were distributed in a skewed pattern with the majority of observations falling close to the median and substantially below the mean, For all measures considered, average cost decreased us output expanded. This inverse relationship between average cost and output level persisted even after controlling for the effects of other predictors, suggesting the possible existence of economies of scale. Discussion. The potential existence of economies of scale calls into question the assumption of a constant overage cost frequently made in economic analyses of proposed public health programs. It also implies that a) differences in output level should be taken into account when comparing operating efficiency across program sites; b) conclusions from societal cost-effectiveness analyses may depend on the level of output at which the programs are evaluated; c) cost projections could be inaccurate if they do not take into account the decrease in overage cost that occurs as output expands; and d) gains might be possible if similar programs with limited output potential are integrated, perhaps through cost sharing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Manslej, EC (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Outcomes Res & Management, POB 4,WP39-160,Sumneytown Pike & Broad St, W Point, PA 19486 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 SU S BP S67 EP S79 DI 10.1177/027298902237707 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 596NF UT WOS:000178170400008 PM 12369233 ER PT J AU Shirabe, T Monobe, Y Visvesvara, GS AF Shirabe, T Monobe, Y Visvesvara, GS TI An autopsy case of amebic meningoencephalitis. The first Japanese case caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris SO NEUROPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthameba; amebic meningoencephalitis; Balamuthia mandrillaris; free-living ameba; Negleria fowleri ID LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; ACANTHAMOEBA; NAEGLERIA; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT AB We report here the first case of amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a 78-year-old Japanese woman with Sjogren's syndrome. Fourteen days before her death, she presented with high fever and lost consciousness and later developed neck stiffness and abducens palsy. Computed tomography scans of the brain demonstrated multiple low-density areas throughout the brain. Neuropathologically, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions with many amebic trophozoites were scattered in the brain and spinal cord. Granulomatous lesions were only rarely found. The amebas were identified as Balamuthia mandrillaris based on immunofluorescence assay. Clinicopathologically, our case was thought to be an intermediate between primary amebic meningoencephalitis due to Negleria fowleri and granulomatous amebic encephalitis due to Acanthameba species. Essentially, the case was one of an elderly person with suspected immunodeficiency with fulminant necrotic meningoencephalitis and scanty granulomatous lesions of 14 days course. C1 Kawasaki Med Univ, Div Neuropathol, Kurashiki, Okayama 7010192, Japan. Kawasaki Med Univ, Div Pathol, Kurashiki, Okayama 7010192, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0919-6544 J9 NEUROPATHOLOGY JI Neuropathology PD SEP PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1046/j.1440-1789.2002.00444.x PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 596UQ UT WOS:000178185000014 PM 12416563 ER PT J AU Demissie, K Ananth, CV Martin, J Hanley, ML MacDorman, MF Rhoads, GG AF Demissie, K Ananth, CV Martin, J Hanley, ML MacDorman, MF Rhoads, GG TI Fetal and neonatal mortality among twin gestations in the United States: The role of intrapair birth weight discordance SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH DISCORDANCY; DEATH; PREGNANCIES; RETARDATION; DIFFERENCE AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of intrapair birth weight discordance with fetal and neonatal mortality. METHODS: We used the United States (1995-1997) Matched Multiple Birth File (n = 297,155). RESULTS: Among twin live births and stillborn fetuses, 29.9% had less than 5% birth weight discordance, 24.2% had 5-9%, 29.6% had 10-19%, 11.1% had 20-29%, 3.4% had 30-39%, and 1.8% had 40% or more. ne stillborn fetus rate increased progressively with increasing birth weight discordance for smaller and larger twins of the same sex. Compared with the less than 5% birth weight discordance category, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for stillborn fetus associated with 5-9%, 10-19%, 20-29%, 30-39%, and 40% or more birth weight discordance, respectively, were 0.81 (95% CI 0.58, 1.11), 1.41 (95% CI 1.07, 1.84), 1.74 (95% CI 1.28, 2.35), 3.06 (95% Cl 2.21, 4.24), and 4.29 (95% Cl 3.05, 6.04) for smaller twins. The corresponding ORs (95% CIs) for larger twins were 0.78 (95% Cl 0.57, 1.08), 1.26 (95% CI 0.96, 1.66), 1.77 (95% CI 1.27, 2.46), 3.38 (95% CI 2.33, 4.92), and 2.91 (95% CI 1.89, 4.47). Similar associations were observed among smaller but not larger twins of opposite sex. Among larger but not smaller twins of the same sex, increasing birth weight discordance was associated with overall neonatal deaths. This association was not apparent among smaller and larger twins of opposite sex. However, increasing birth weight discordance was associated with neonatal deaths related to congenital malformations among smaller and larger twins. CONCLUSION: The results provide evidence that increased twin birth weight discordance was associated with increased risk of intrauterine death and malformation-related neonatal deaths. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Epidemiol & Biostat Sect, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Demissie, K (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 21 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 100 IS 3 BP 474 EP 480 AR PII S0029-7844(02)01951-8 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)01951-8 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 588FN UT WOS:000177691500012 PM 12220766 ER PT J AU Costello, C Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Jamieson, DJ Peterson, HB AF Costello, C Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Jamieson, DJ Peterson, HB CA US Collaborative Review Steriliza TI The effect of interval tubal sterilization on sexual interest and pleasure SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE STERILIZATION AB OBJECTIVE: To determine if interval tubal sterilization leads to a change in female sexual interest or pleasure and to identify predictors of a positive or negative effect. METHODS: Our study population comprised 4576 women enrolled in a prospective, multicenter cohort study between 1978 and 1983. Potential demographic, clinical, and surgical predictors of sexual outcome were tested for significant variation from the overall pattern of unchanged, increased, and decreased sexual interest and pleasure. RESULTS: Over 80% of the 4576 study women reported no consistent change in either sexual interest (80.0%) or pleasure (81.7%) after interval tubal sterilization. Among women with consistent change, positive effects were reported ten and 15 times more often than negative effects for sexual interest and pleasure, respectively. All subgroups of women, except for those with poststerilization regret, were significantly (P < .05) more likely to experience increased rather than decreased interest or pleasure. Women with poststerilization regret were the subgroup most likely to have a negative effect; in multivariate analyses, poststerilization regret was the only factor to be a predictor for decreased interest (odds ratio 4.0) and decreased pleasure (odds ratio 5.1). Similarly, women reporting regret were significantly less likely to report increased interest or pleasure. Whether the regret or the decreased sexual interest or pleasure occurred first is unclear. CONCLUSION: Interval tubal ligation is unlikely to result in changed sexual interest or pleasure. Among those with change, the majority experienced positive sexual effects. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Syst Support Serv, TRW Syst & Informat Technol Grp, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Costello, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K34,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y02-HD41075-10] NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 100 IS 3 BP 511 EP 517 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02042-2 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02042-2 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 588FN UT WOS:000177691500017 PM 12220771 ER PT J AU Benson, KD Luchansky, JB Elliott, JA Degnan, AJ Willenberg, HJ Thornbery, JM Kay, HH AF Benson, KD Luchansky, JB Elliott, JA Degnan, AJ Willenberg, HJ Thornbery, JM Kay, HH TI Pulsed-field fingerprinting of vaginal group B streptococcus in pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPE; STRAINS; DISEASE; FLORA; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: There is more to be learned about the epidemiology of group B beta-hemolytic streptococci infections in pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the discriminating capabilities of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of group B streptococci strains from pregnant patients and mother/infant pairs of patients compared with serotyping. METHODS: Forty-two vaginal strains of group B streptococci cultured from pregnant patients in the third trimester and strains from 20 mother/infant pairs with documented newbom group B streptococci infection were studied. Isolates were serotyped by the Lancefield capillary precipitin method and molecularly characterized by counter-clamped homogeneous electrical field pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with rarely cutting restriction enzymes. RESULTS: Nine of the 13 serotypes of group B streptococci identified thus far in the scientific literature (Ia, Ia/c, lb, Ib/c, II, IIc, III, V, and NT/c) were represented among the 62 isolates. Among the 42 maternal isolates, eight serotypes were represented, and among the 20 mother/infant isolates, six serotypes were represented. Serotypes of mother/infant isolates matched in nine of the ten pairs. Restriction endonudease profiles, or digests, from the 42 maternal isolates resulted in 25 unique profiles that were arranged into five major groups based on the overall relatedness. Each group was comprised of one predominant serotype. The 20 mother/infant paired isolates displayed nine unique restriction endonuclease profiles and nine of the ten paired isolates showed indistinguishable restriction endonuclease profiles between mother and infant. CONCLUSION: Deoxyribonucleic acid profiling using pulsed-field. gel electrophoresis is more discriminating of group B streptococci strains than serotyping because of the different yet closely related patterns within each restriction endonuclease profile group that are linked to one specific serotype. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis can refine our epidemiologic studies of group B streptococci transmission and acquisition. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol & Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kay, HH (reprint author), Edward Hosp, 801 S Washington St, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. EM hkay@edward.org NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 100 IS 3 BP 545 EP 551 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02139-7 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02139-7 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 588FN UT WOS:000177691500022 PM 12220776 ER PT J AU Dragomir, AD Kraus, VB Renner, JB Luta, G Clark, A Vilim, V Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Dragomir, AD Kraus, VB Renner, JB Luta, G Clark, A Vilim, V Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Jordan, JM TI Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and clinical signs and symptoms of potential pre-radiographic hip and knee pathology SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; osteoarthritis; hip; knee ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; OSTEOARTHRITIS; MARKERS; PAIN; CLASSIFICATION; METABOLISM; ARTHRITIS; CRITERIA; REFLECTS AB Objective: To examine the cross-sectional relationship between serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and hip and knee clinical signs and symptoms in a sample of adults without radiographic hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design: A total of 145 persons with available sera and no evidence of radiographic hip or knee CA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0) were randomly selected from the Caucasian participants of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. COMP was quantified by a competitive ELISA assay with a monoclonal antibody 17-C10. Hip and knee clinical signs and symptoms were assessed by physical examination and interview, and their associations with Ln COMP analysed with general linear models. Results: After adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and other symptomatic joints, mean Ln COMP was statistically significantly higher among persons with hip-related clinical signs (P=0.018), among those with hip-related symptoms (P=0.046), and among individuals meeting American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria for hip CA (P=0.021). There were no statistically significant associations between any of the knee-related clinical signs and symptoms and Ln COMP. Conclusion: Serum COMP may be useful as a biomarker of pre-radiographic hip joint pathology; its utility as a biomarker of pre-radiographic knee joint pathology is unclear. (C) 2002 OsteoArthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Radiol & Med Allied Hlth Profess, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Biostat, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Inst Rheumatol, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Med, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Med, 3310 Thurston Bldg,CB 7330, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI Luta, George/0000-0002-4035-7632; Luta, George/0000-0001-9013-2207 FU NIA NIH HHS [2P60 AG11268, AG15108]; NIAMS NIH HHS [5-P60-AR30701]; NIGMS NIH HHS [5T32 GM07184]; PHS HHS [S043] NR 20 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD SEP PY 2002 VL 10 IS 9 BP 687 EP 691 DI 10.1053/joca.2002.0816 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 594FQ UT WOS:000178038800004 PM 12202121 ER PT J AU Ogden, CL AF Ogden, CL TI Centers for disease control and prevention growth charts versus breastfeeding? Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ogden, CL (reprint author), CDC, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2002 VL 110 IS 3 BP 648 EP 648 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 589MN UT WOS:000177762900044 ER PT J AU Fernandez, DR Vanderjagt, DJ Williams, M Huang, YS Chuang, LT Millson, M Andrews, R Pastuszyn, A Glew, RH AF Fernandez, DR Vanderjagt, DJ Williams, M Huang, YS Chuang, LT Millson, M Andrews, R Pastuszyn, A Glew, RH TI Fatty acid, amino acid, and trace mineral analyses of five weaning foods from Jos, Nigeria SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; LIPIDS AB Five plant-based weaning foods (WF) (Dietrend, Jot-M, Soy, Ang, and Vic-T) locally prepared in Jos, Nigeria were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma to determine their fatty acid (FA), amino acid, and trace mineral contents, respectively. Results of these direct analyses were compared to expected values derived from food composition tables prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Additionally, results were compared against recommended nutrient values, using breast milk as the standard for FA content and recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for amino acid and mineral contents. The overall nutritional value of the five WF varied considerably and the quantities of Particular nutrients determined by direct analysis differed markedly from those estimated using USDA food tables. Comparison of WF fatty acid composition relative to the RDA recommendations and a human milk standard revealed a much higher proportion of both linoleic (35-55 wt%) and alpha-linolenic acids (1%-7 wt%) relative to human milk lipids (11%-12% and 0.8%-0.9% wt, respectively); however, the WF were devoid of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Soy contained the highest amounts of linoleic acid (59.7 mg/g) and a-linolenic acid (7.46 mg/g) compared to the other four WF (10.2-41.0 and 0.35-3.18 mg/g, respectively). The linoleic acid/alpha-linolenic acid ratio was within the recommended range (5:1 to 10:1) in only Jot-M (10:1) and Soy (8:1). Dietrend, Vic-T and Ang, contained linoleic/alpha-linolenic ratios of 12:1, 29:1, and 82:1, respectively. The Soy weaning food would provide the most protein (24.3 g/day), based on an estimated daily intake of 65 g of weaning food by a normal six-month-old infant, compared to Jot-M (11.9 g/day), Dietrend (11.7 g/day), Ang (8.07 g/day), and Vic-T (7.26 g/day). The protein RDA for children up to I year of age is 13-14 g/day. Comparison of the mineral contents of the WF to the RDAs for various minerals indicated that all five would provide suboptimal amounts of calcium (16 to 250 mg/day) and zinc (1.42 to 3.56 mg/day) compared to respective RDAs of 400 mg/day and 5 mg/day. These data show that-the Soy weaning food is an excellent source of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, as well as being a good source of high quality protein. jot-M and Dietrend provide useful amounts of the essential FA; however, it is advisable to reevaluate the composition of Ang and Vic-T to find ways to improve the linoleic/alpha-linolenic ratio of each and increase their total protein content. These results document the shortcomings of using published food composition tables based on foods in America when devising weaning foods based on ingredients in another part of the world. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Jos, Teaching Hosp, Dept Paediat, Jos, Nigeria. Abbott Labs, Lipid Res Lab, Ross Prod Div, Columbus, OH USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Glew, RH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 274 DI 10.1023/A:1021899103662 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 646XF UT WOS:000181060800006 PM 12602934 ER PT J AU Nadel, MR Blackman, DK Shapiro, JA Seeff, LC AF Nadel, MR Blackman, DK Shapiro, JA Seeff, LC TI Are people being screened for colorectal cancer as recommended? Results from the National Health Interview Survey SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE colorectal neoplasms; mass screening; occult blood; proctoscopy ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; MORTALITY; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; AUDIT AB Background. The evidence is now compelling that colorectal cancer incidence and mortality can be reduced by screening, and medical organizations recommend regular screening among persons of average risk aged 50 years or older. We sought to determine whether appropriate screening has become more widespread now that consensus over its value has been achieved. Methods. We analyzed data from the 1992 and 1998 National Health Interview Survey, an in-person survey of a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. Persons aged greater than or equal to50 years (4428 in 1992, 12,629 in 1998) were questioned about their use of colorectal cancer screening. Results. Self-reported use of fecal occult blood testing and proctoscopy increased slightly from 1992 to 1998. In 1998, however, only an estimated 22.9% of Americans aged 2:50 years had been screened with either the home-administered fecal occult blood testing in the past year or proctoscopy within 5 years. Nearly half of fecal occult blood testings were performed with a sample taken during an in-office physical examination rather than with the recommended home kit. Conclusion. Most eligible persons are still not meeting the screening recommendations for colorectal. cancer. Education is needed for both the public and health care providers to increase their compliance with current guidelines. C1 CDCP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nadel, MR (reprint author), CDCP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1006/pmed.2002.1070 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 593LF UT WOS:000177992200001 PM 12202061 ER PT J AU Reger, B Cooper, L Booth-Butterfield, S Smith, H Bauman, A Wootan, M Middlestadt, S Marcus, B Greer, F AF Reger, B Cooper, L Booth-Butterfield, S Smith, H Bauman, A Wootan, M Middlestadt, S Marcus, B Greer, F TI Wheeling walks: A community campaign using paid media to encourage walking among sedentary older adults SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE walking; exercise; health education; health behavior; mass media; advertising; public relations; health behavior; primary prevention; models, theoretical ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MASS-MEDIA; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE RISK; EXERCISE; PROJECT; HEALTH; BEHAVIOR AB Background. Mass media may effect communitywide changes in health awareness, attitude, and behavior, but the approach remains unproven for physical activity. Methods. Wheeling Walks promoted walking among sedentary 50- to 65-year-old adults in a West Virginia city of 31,420 people. This quasi-experimental communication intervention used theory of planned behavior and transtheoretical model constructs to change behavior by promoting 30 min of daily walking through paid media, public relations, and public health activities. Impact was determined by pre- and postintervention telephone surveys with 719 adults in the intervention community and 753 adults in the comparison community and observations of walkers at 10 community sites. Results. Behavior observation showed a 23% increase in the number of walkers in the intervention community versus no change in the comparison community (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.14-1.50). Thirty-two percent (32.2) of the baseline sedentary population in the intervention community reported meeting the CDC/ACSM/Surgeon General recommendation for moderate-intensity physical activity by walking at least 30 min at least five times per week versus 18.0% in the comparison community (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.41-2.24). The intervention community also realized a pre to post increase in positive stage change (P < 0.001). Conclusions. This theory-based mass media campaign demonstrated increases in those meeting the recommended standard for moderate-intensity physical activity through walking and significant positive stage change. (C) 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control, Hlth Commun Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Ctr Sci Publ Interest, Washington, DC USA. Acad Educ Dev, CABER, Appl Behav & Evaluat Res, Washington, DC USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ohio Univ Eastern, St Clairsville, OH USA. RP Reger, B (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, POB 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 41 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1006/pmed.2002.1074 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 593LF UT WOS:000177992200012 PM 12202072 ER PT J AU Rhodes, JC Barfield, WD Kohn, MA Hedberg, K Schoendorf, KC AF Rhodes, JC Barfield, WD Kohn, MA Hedberg, K Schoendorf, KC TI Releasing pre-adoption birth records: A survey of oregon adoptees SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. In June 2000, Oregon implemented a citizen-initiated ballot measure that grants adult adoptees access to their birth records, which contain their birth parents' identifying information. Because other states are considering similar policy changes, the authors explored whether Oregon's new law is meeting the information needs of adoptees. Methods. Birth records were abstracted for a 9% (221/2,529) random sample of adoptees who obtained their records from June 20, 2000, to July 20, 2000, to describe the population and the information they obtained. Telephone interviews documented their motivations, expectations, and whether they considered the birth record useful. Results. The mean age of the adoptees was 41 years, 64% were female, and 97% were white. Virtually all received information about their birth mother; however, only one-third received information about their birth father. Of the 221 sampled, 123 (59%) participated in the telephone survey, 12 were ineligible, 84 could not be reached, and 2 refused. The most common motivations for requesting records were to find birth parents (29%) and to obtain medical information (29%). Twenty-nine percent received less information than they expected, with many expecting, but not receiving, birth father information. Thirty-three (47%) of the 70 adoptees who tried to find their birth mother were successful. The records were considered "very" useful by 52% of respondents, "somewhat" or "a little" useful by 42%, and "not at all" useful by 6%. Conclusions. The results indicate that many adoptees received less information than they expected, and many did not meet their goals of finding birth parents or obtaining medical information. Nonetheless, the majority considered their birth records useful and important. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Oregon Hlth Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Rhodes, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 117 IS 5 BP 463 EP 471 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 635NJ UT WOS:000180405400006 PM 12500963 ER PT J AU Barfield, WD Rhodes, JC Kohn, MA Hedberg, K Schoendorf, KC AF Barfield, WD Rhodes, JC Kohn, MA Hedberg, K Schoendorf, KC TI Releasing pre-adoption birth records: The impact of Oregon's experience on its vital records department SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. In November 1998, Oregon voters passed Ballot Measure 58, which allowed Oregon adoptees 2 greater than or equal to21 years of age access to their original birth records, which are sealed at adoption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the measure on the Oregon Health Division (since renamed Oregon Health Services) by assessing procedures used and resources needed after implementation of Measure 58. Methods. Vital records employees were interviewed about processing, storage, and archive retrieval procedures for pre-adoption birth records before, during, and after the implementation of Measure 58 and the effect on their usual workload. Personnel time, space, and fiscal resources used to process requests for pre-adoption records were also calculated. Results. The Oregon Health Division began to receive requests from adoptees immediately following the passage of Measure 58 in November 1998, but due to legal challenges, they could not be processed until May 31, 2000. From June 2, 2000, through October 20, 2000, 12 staff members and two supervisors issued more than 4,700 pre-adoption birth records while also processing their normal workload, which averages more than 135,400 vital record orders annually. Due to the need for retrieval from archives, requests for pre-adoption birth records were estimated to take 75 hours to process vs. 2-3 minutes for standard requests. Each batch of approximately 75 pre-adoption birth records required approximately 12.5 person-hours from vital records staff and 3-4 person-hours from archive personnel; in addition, supervisors spent time responding to incomplete orders, informing the public and the media, and responding to concerns of adoptees, birth parents, and adoptive parents. Fewer than 1% of requests went unfilled. Conclusions. Implementation of Measure 58 utilized substantial resources of the Oregon Health Division. States contemplating similar legislation should consider increasing personnel and resources, preparing for intense public and media interest, and reorganizing the storage of adoptees' original birth records so they are easily retrieved. C1 CDC, NCCDPHP, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Oregon Hlth Serv, Oregeon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Barfield, WD (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPHP, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, MS K-22,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 117 IS 5 BP 472 EP 478 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 635NJ UT WOS:000180405400007 PM 12500964 ER PT J AU Galuska, DA Earle, D Fulton, JE AF Galuska, DA Earle, D Fulton, JE TI The epidemiology of US adults who regularly engage in resistance training SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; physical activity; strength training ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PROGRAMS; CARDIAC REHABILITATION; HEALTH-PROFESSIONALS; CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; EXERCISE; RECOMMENDATIONS; STATEMENT; COMMITTEE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Galuska, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD SEP PY 2002 VL 73 IS 3 BP 330 EP 334 PG 5 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 592YE UT WOS:000177963800012 PM 12230340 ER PT J AU DiClemente, RJ Wingood, GM Sionean, C Crosby, R Harrington, K Davies, S Hook, EW Oh, MK AF DiClemente, RJ Wingood, GM Sionean, C Crosby, R Harrington, K Davies, S Hook, EW Oh, MK TI Association of adolescents' history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and their current high-risk behavior and STD status - A case for intensifying clinic-based prevention efforts SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; VAGINAL SWABS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; FEMALES; PREVALENCE; SETTINGS; SERVICES AB Background: Adolescents are at high risk of sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV infection, and one vulnerable subgroup is African American females. The association between adolescents' previous experience of STD and recent sexual risk behaviors has been ill-defined. Goal: The goal was to examine the associations between adolescents' self-reported history of STD diagnosis and current sexual risk behaviors, prevention knowledge and attitudes, and STD infection status. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional survey. Recruitment sites were in low-income neighborhoods of Birmingham, Alabama, characterized by high rates of unemployment, substance abuse, violence, and STDs. Participants were sexually active adolescent females (N = 522) 14 to 18 years of age. Information on STD history and current sexual behaviors (within the 30 days before assessment) was collected in face-to-face interviews. Less sensitive topics, such as STD prevention knowledge, attitudes about condom use, and perceived barriers to condom use, were addressed via self-administered survey. DNA amplification of vaginal swab specimens provided by the adolescents was performed to determine current STD status. Outcomes associated with past STD diagnosis were determined by means of logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) in the presence of observed covariates. Results: Twenty-six percent of adolescents reported ever having an STD diagnosed. Although past STD diagnosis was associated with increased STD prevention knowledge, it was not associated with increased motivation to use condoms. Compared with adolescents who had never had an STD, adolescents with a history of diagnosed STD were more likely to report not using a condom at most recent intercourse (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.64-3.93; P = 0.0001), recent unprotected vaginal intercourse (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15-2.79; P = 0.010), inconsistent condom use (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.46-3.51; P < .0001), sexual intercourse while drinking alcohol (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.33-3.28; P = 0.001), and unprotected intercourse with multiple partners (AOR = 3.29; 95% CI = 1.09-9.89; P = 0.034). Past STD diagnosis was associated with increased risk for current biologically confirmed gonorrhea and trichomoniasis (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.09-5.23; P = 0.030; and AOR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.18-3.59; P = 0.011, respectively). Past STD diagnosis was not significantly associated with increased risk of current biologically confirmed chlamydia (AOR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.45-1.37; P = 0.38). Conclusion: Among this sample of female adolescents, past STD diagnosis was an indicator of current high-risk sexual activity and increased risk for two common STDs: gonorrhea and trichomoniasis. Although adolescents may gain factual knowledge from the experience of having an STD diagnosed, they are not applying that knowledge to their current sexual behaviors. Thus, these adolescents remain at risk for subsequent STD infection. Therefore, the findings suggest that there is a need to intensify clinic-based prevention efforts directed toward adolescents with a history of STDs, as a strategy for reducing STD-associated risk behaviors and, consequently, the likelihood of new STD infections. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP DiClemente, RJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,BSHE Room 520, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. OI Harrington, Kathleen/0000-0002-4154-0631 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1097/00007435-200209000-00002 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 591QL UT WOS:000177891700002 PM 12218840 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Peterman, TA AF Aral, SO Peterman, TA TI A stratified approach to untangling the behavioral/biomedical outcomes conundrum SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREVENT INCIDENT STDS; NONDIFFERENTIAL MISCLASSIFICATION; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CONDOM USE; RISK; CONFOUNDERS; ERRORS C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 BP 530 EP 532 DI 10.1097/00007435-200209000-00006 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 591QL UT WOS:000177891700006 PM 12218844 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Walsh, C Haddix, A Irwin, KL AF Gift, TL Walsh, C Haddix, A Irwin, KL TI A cost-effectiveness evaluation of testing and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among asymptomatic women infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; INTRAMUSCULAR CEFTRIAXONE; UNCOMPLICATED GONORRHEA; INCREMENTAL COST; UNITED-STATES; ORAL CEFIXIME; AZITHROMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE AB Background: Because patients infected with Neissetia gonorrhoeae are frequently coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis, routine dual treatment of patients with N gonorrhoeae infection is frequently practiced and has long been recommended. Goal: The goal of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of routine dual treatment of women with N gonorrhoeae infection, with or without separate testing for C trachomatis, compared with an alternative of testing for both infections and restricting treatment for C trachomatis to women testing positive for C trachomatis. Study Design: A decision analysis compared the cost-effectiveness of these options using cases of pelvic inflammatory disease prevented as the outcome. Parameter values were taken from the literature. Results: Routine dual treatment is not an effective or cost-effective replacement for testing for C trachomatis, but it can increase the number of cases of C trachomatis treated when combined with testing. Dual treatment results in more over-treatment of C trachomatis infection than treatment based on test results. Conclusions: Testing for both infections is more cost-effective than routine presumptive treatment for C trachomatis. Providing both presumptive treatment and testing for C trachomatis can also be cost-effective in some settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 BP 542 EP 551 DI 10.1097/00007435-200209000-00009 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 591QL UT WOS:000177891700009 PM 12218847 ER PT J AU Crosby, AE Sacks, JS AF Crosby, AE Sacks, JS TI Exposure to suicide: Incidence and association with suicidal ideation and behavior: United States, 1994 SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Association-of-Suicidology CY APR, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Suicidol ID IMITATION; TELEPHONE; EPIDEMIC AB Exposure to the suicide of another is common, but the magnitude and effects of such exposure are not well quantified. From a national random telephone survey of U.S. adults, we estimated the 12-month incidence of exposure to suicide and its association with suicidal ideation, planning, and behavior. Of 5,2 3 8 respondents, 342 (a weighted 7.0% representing 13.2 million persons) reported knowing a suicide decedent from the previous year. Univariate analysis showed persons reporting such exposure were significantly more likely to describe suicidal ideation and behavior than those unexposed; multivariate analysis showed no association. Though the risk related to suicide exposure may be small, given the magnitude of exposure, it may warrant intervention efforts because of its potential societal impact. C1 CDCP, CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Crosby, AE (reprint author), CDCP, CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1521/suli.32.3.321.22170 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 600EV UT WOS:000178378400009 PM 12374477 ER PT J AU Lary, JM AF Lary, JM TI Unusual intrauterine sex hormone profiles as a potential cause of sex ratios typical of some malformations: Reply to Dr. James SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CONSEQUENCE; IMBALANCE; PROBANDS; BIRTH C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lary, JM (reprint author), 2914 Yorktown Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 103 EP 104 DI 10.1002/tera.10080 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 589CX UT WOS:000177741400002 ER PT J AU Garg, R Lee, LA Beach, MJ Wamae, CN Ramakrishnan, U Deming, MS AF Garg, R Lee, LA Beach, MJ Wamae, CN Ramakrishnan, U Deming, MS TI Evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines for treatment of intestinal helminth infections among sick children aged 2-4 years in western Kenya SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Integrated Management of Childhood Illness; helminth infections; preschool children; nutritional status; palmar pallor; hookworm; Trichuris trichiura; Ascaris lumbricoides; chemotherapy; randomized trial; mebendazole; Kenya ID ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES INFECTIONS; TRICHURIS-TRICHIURA; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; GROWTH; SCHOOLCHILDREN; ALBENDAZOLE; HOOKWORM; APPETITE AB Anthelmintic treatment of sick preschool-age children at health facilities is a potentially effective strategy for intestinal helminth control in this age-group. We conducted a study from July 1998 to February 1999 in western Kenya to determine whether the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines' clinical assessment can be used to identify helminth-infected children, and to evaluate the nutritional benefit of treating sick children without pallor with an anthelmintic (mebendazole is already part of IMCI treatment for sick children aged 2-4 years with palmar pallor in areas where hookworm and Trichuris trichiura infections are endemic). Sick children aged 2-4 years seen at 3 rural health facilities were clinically evaluated and tested for haemoglobin concentration, malaria parasites, and intestinal helminths. Children without pallor were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of 500 mg of mebendazole or a placebo and re-examined 6 months later. Among the 574 children enrolled, 11 had one or more intestinal helminths. Most infections were of light intensity. Selected clinical signs and symptoms available from the IMCI assessment, including palmar pallor and low weight-for-age, were not associated with helminth infection. Six months after enrolment, no differences in growth of children without pallor were observed between the mebendazole (n = 166) and placebo (n = 181) groups. However, there was a significantly greater mean increase in weight, height, and weight-for-age Z score among the helminth-infected children in the mebendazole group (n = 22) as compared with helminth-infected children in the placebo group (n = 20). We conclude that even lightly infected preschool-age children without palmar pallor benefit from anthelmintic treatment; however, in this study setting of low helminth prevalence and intensity, helminth-infected children could not be identified using the IMCI guidelines. Cost-effectiveness studies are needed to help define helminth prevalence thresholds for routine anthelmintic treatment of sick preschool-age children seen at first-level health facilities. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Int Child Survial & Emerging Infect Program Suppo, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Microbiol Res, Nairobi, Kenya. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Deming, MS (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Mail Stop F-22,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Gough, Ethan/B-8633-2012; Ramakrishnan, Usha/L-8921-2016 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 96 IS 5 BP 543 EP 548 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90435-9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 621UQ UT WOS:000179609800019 PM 12474486 ER PT J AU Asmuth, DM Kalish, LA Laycock, ME Murphy, EL Mohr, BA Lee, TH Gallarda, J Giachetti, C Dollard, S van der Horst, C Grant, RM Busch, MP AF Asmuth, DM Kalish, LA Laycock, ME Murphy, EL Mohr, BA Lee, TH Gallarda, J Giachetti, C Dollard, S van der Horst, C Grant, RM Busch, MP TI Absence of HBV, HCV, HTLV and HHV-8 activation by allogeneic RBC transfusion of AIDS patients. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. Ctr Blood Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA USA. Roche Mol Syst, Pleasanton, CA USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. New England Res Inst, Viral Activat Transfus Study VATS, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0041-1132 EI 1537-2995 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 23S EP 23S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700082 ER PT J AU Kleinman, S Glynn, S Todd, D Smith, J Chamberland, M Busch, MP AF Kleinman, S Glynn, S Todd, D Smith, J Chamberland, M Busch, MP TI Prevalence of viral markers in surgical patients and autologous donors. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Oklahoma Blood Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. WESTAT Corp, NHLBI CDC RADAR Study, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 23S EP 23S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700081 ER PT J AU Hladik, W Dollard, S Downing, R Nzaro, E Kataaha, P Banage, F Delaney, K Hanson, D Pellett, P Mermin, J Lackritz, E AF Hladik, W Dollard, S Downing, R Nzaro, E Kataaha, P Banage, F Delaney, K Hanson, D Pellett, P Mermin, J Lackritz, E TI Estimated risk of human herpesvirus 8 transmission by blood transfusion, Uganda SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda. Blood Bank, Kampala, Uganda. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 29S EP 29S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700104 ER PT J AU Gill, J Leiby, D Johnson, S Trouern-Trend, J Cable, R Slemenda, S Nace, E Won, K Herwaldt, B AF Gill, J Leiby, D Johnson, S Trouern-Trend, J Cable, R Slemenda, S Nace, E Won, K Herwaldt, B TI Serologic and parasitemic evidence of Babesia microti infection in Connecticut blood donors: 1999-2001 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Jerome H Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Red Cross Connecticut Reg, Farmington, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 30S EP 30S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700108 ER PT J AU Leiby, D Gill, J Johnson, ST Trouern-Trend, J Cable, RG Berardi, VP Eberhard, ML Pieniazek, NJ Herwaldt, BL AF Leiby, D Gill, J Johnson, ST Trouern-Trend, J Cable, RG Berardi, VP Eberhard, ML Pieniazek, NJ Herwaldt, BL TI Lessons learned from a natural history study of Babesia microti infection in Connecticut blood donors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, Farmington, CT USA. Imugen Inc, Norwood, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 30S EP 30S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700109 ER PT J AU Chaffin, DJ Kuehnert, MJ AF Chaffin, DJ Kuehnert, MJ TI Pseudomonas fluorescens-related septic transfusion reaction resulting from contaminated cold cloths. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 26-29, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 N Colorado Med Ctr, Greeley, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 SU S BP 41S EP 41S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 592MP UT WOS:000177941700148 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL Neitzel, DE Gorlin, JB Jensen, KA Perry, EH Peglow, WR Slemenda, SB Won, KY Nace, EK Pieniazek, NJ Wilson, M AF Herwaldt, BL Neitzel, DE Gorlin, JB Jensen, KA Perry, EH Peglow, WR Slemenda, SB Won, KY Nace, EK Pieniazek, NJ Wilson, M TI Transmission of Babesia microti in Minnesota through four blood donations from the same donor over a 6-month period SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-STATE; WASHINGTON-STATE; DISEASE; TRANSFUSION; WISCONSIN; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Babesiosis is a tick-borne zoonosis caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa. More than 40 US cases of Babesia microti infection acquired by blood transfusion have been reported. This report describes the identification of a transfusion-associated case of babesiosis and the subsequent identification of the infected blood donor and three other infected recipients of cellular blood components from three other donations by this donor. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum specimens from the donors of blood that had been made into cellular components received by the index recipient and from other recipients of such components from the implicated donor were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay for antibodies to B. microti. Whole blood from IFA-positive persons was tested by PCR for B. microti DNA. RESULTS: IFA testing of serum from 31 of 36 donors implicated a 45-year-old man (titer, 1 in 256), whose donation had been used for RBCs. He likely became infected when bitten by ticks while camping in Minnesota in June 1999 and had donated blood four times thereafter. As demonstrated by PCR, he remained parasitemic for at least 10 months. Of the five other surviving recipients of cellular blood components from the implicated donor, three recipients (one for each of the three other donations) had become infected through either RBC or platelet transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: Babesiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of posttransfusion febrile illness, and effective means for preventing transmission by blood transfusion are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Mem Blood Ctr Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ridgeview Med Ctr, Mound, MN USA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1154 EP 1158 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00189.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 596XD UT WOS:000178191000010 PM 12430672 ER PT J AU Meissner, F Maruyama, T Frentsch, M Hessell, AJ Rodriguez, LL Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB Burton, DR Parren, PWHI AF Meissner, F Maruyama, T Frentsch, M Hessell, AJ Rodriguez, LL Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB Burton, DR Parren, PWHI TI Detection of antibodies against the four subtypes of Ebola virus in sera from any species using a novel antibody-phage indicator assay SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOPROTEIN; FILOVIRUSES; REPLICATION; INOCULATION; MARBURG AB The natural host for Ebola virus, presumed to be an animal, has not yet been identified despite an extensive search following several major outbreaks in Africa. A straightforward approach used to determine animal contact with Ebola virus is by assessing the presence of specific antibodies in serum. This approach however has been made very difficult by the absence of specific reagents required for the detection of antibodies from the majority of wild animal species. In this study, we isolated a human monoclonal antibody Fab fragment, KZ51, that reacts with an immunodominant epitope on Ebola virus nucleoprotein (NP) that is conserved on all four Ebola virus subtypes. The antibody KZ51 represents a major specificity as sera from all convalescent patients tested (10/10) and sera from guinea pigs infected with each of the four Ebola virus subtypes competed strongly with KZ51 for binding to radiation-inactivated Ebola virus. These features allowed us to develop a novel assay for the detection of seroconversion irrespective of Ebola virus subtype or animal species. In this assay, the binding of KZ51 Fab-phage particles is used as an indicator assay and the presence of specific antibodies against Ebola virus in sera is indicated by binding competition. A prominent feature of the assay is that the Fab-phage particles may be prestained with a dye so that detection of binding can be directly determined by visual inspection. The assay is designed to be both simple and economical to enable its use in the field. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Parren, PWHI (reprint author), Genmab, Jenalaan 18A, NL-3584 CK Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Meissner, Felix/C-8767-2015; OI Meissner, Felix/0000-0003-1000-7989; Parren, Paul/0000-0002-4365-3859 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48053] NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 300 IS 2 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1533 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 598BC UT WOS:000178254400007 PM 12350354 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Keenan, NL Giles, WH AF Mensah, GA Keenan, NL Giles, WH TI Public health addresses racial and ethnic disparities in coronary heart disease in women: Perspectives from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Margaret E Mahoney Annual Symposium on Health Disparities Among Women of Color CY APR, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Jacobs Inst Womens Hlth, Commonwealth Fund ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Commuinty Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Commuinty Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 272 EP 283 AR PII S1049-3867(02)00147-0 DI 10.1016/S1049-3867(02)00147-0 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 595KB UT WOS:000178106900005 PM 12225689 ER PT J AU Grabowsky, M Strebel, P Gay, A Hoekstra, E Kezaala, R AF Grabowsky, M Strebel, P Gay, A Hoekstra, E Kezaala, R TI Measles elimination in southern Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Amer Red CrossNatl Headquarters, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UNICEF, New York, NY USA. UN Fdn, Washington, DC USA. WHO Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Grabowsky, M (reprint author), Amer Red CrossNatl Headquarters, 431 18th St NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 31 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9334 BP 716 EP 716 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09843-4 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 590AM UT WOS:000177795100028 PM 12241893 ER PT J AU Verastegui, M Gilman, RH Gonzales, A Garcia, HH Gavidia, C Falcon, N Bernal, T Arana, Y Tsang, VCW Tsang, VCW AF Verastegui, M Gilman, RH Gonzales, A Garcia, HH Gavidia, C Falcon, N Bernal, T Arana, Y Tsang, VCW Tsang, VCW CA The Cysticercosis Working Grp P TI Taenia solium oncosphere antigens induce immunity in pigs against experimental cysticercosis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cysticercosis; Taenia solium; vaccination ID STAGE-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY; PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS; METACESTODE ANTIGENS; OXFENDAZOLE; VACCINATION; INFECTIONS; MEXICO; MICE; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Immunity to Taenia solium infection was investigated using an experimental intramuscular oncosphere infection assay (IMOA) model in pigs. Three naturally infected pigs with cysticercosis were treated with oxfendazole (OFZ), a drug demonstrated to kill cysts in porcine muscle. These animals were then challenged with oncospheres but did not develop any cysts while three uninfected pigs that were similarly challenged, did develop intramuscular cysts. In another study, two groups of three pigs each were immunized with crude T solium oncosphere and metacestode antigens, respectively, and tested with the IMOA. Immunization with crude oncosphere antigens (OAs) induced 100% protection, while metacestode antigens provided only partial protection. Immunoblots showed that pigs with complete immune protection to oncosphere intramuscular challenge had antibodies to two OAs at 31.3 and 22.5 kDa, respectively. Antibody to these two antigens was absent in pigs immunized with metacestodes or in uninfected control pigs. This study demonstrated the presence of two antigens that are unique to the oncosphere. Although, antibody to these two antigens is consistently present in pigs that are protected from an oncosphere intramuscular challenge their role in preventing infection by T solium larval cysts is still hypothetical. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Publ Hlth Sect, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. AB PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gilman, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St Rm W3501, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [ICIDR-O1A135894-06] NR 38 TC 24 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 30 PY 2002 VL 108 IS 1 BP 49 EP 62 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00182-6 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00182-6 PG 14 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 592YL UT WOS:000177964400005 PM 12191899 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Deming, M AF Rowe, AK Deming, M TI Volume and outcome SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 29 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 9 BP 694 EP 694 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587ZT UT WOS:000177675500026 ER PT J AU Moore, R Mallonee, S Garwe, T Sabogal, RI Zanardi, L Redd, J Malone, J AF Moore, R Mallonee, S Garwe, T Sabogal, RI Zanardi, L Redd, J Malone, J CA CDC TI Heat-related deaths - Four states, July-August 2001, and United States, 1979-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 567-570, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ILLNESS; WAVE C1 Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Vital Stat, Stat Serv Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, R (reprint author), Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Vital Stat, Stat Serv Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 8 BP 950 EP 951 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587RM UT WOS:000177656400006 PM 12201273 ER PT J AU Zansky, S Wallace, B Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Smith, P Ramsey, F Painter, J Gupta, A Kalluri, P Noviello, S AF Zansky, S Wallace, B Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Smith, P Ramsey, F Painter, J Gupta, A Kalluri, P Noviello, S CA CDC TI Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Newport - United States, January-April 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 545-548, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, CA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 8 BP 951 EP 953 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587RM UT WOS:000177656400007 PM 12201274 ER PT J AU Mott, JA Wolfe, MI Alverson, CJ Macdonald, SC Bailey, CR Ball, LB Moorman, JE Somers, JH Mannino, DM Redd, SC AF Mott, JA Wolfe, MI Alverson, CJ Macdonald, SC Bailey, CR Ball, LB Moorman, JE Somers, JH Mannino, DM Redd, SC TI National vehicle emissions policies and practices and declining US carbon monoxide-related mortality SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EXHAUST; DEATHS AB Context Carbon monoxide (CO) has been reported to contribute to more than 2000 poisoning deaths per year in the United States. Objectives To evaluate the influence of national vehicle emissions policies and practices on CO-related mortality and to describe 31 years (1968-1998) of CO-related deaths in the United States. Design and Setting Longitudinal trend analysis using computerized death data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Census Bureau population data, and annual CO emissions estimates for light-duty vehicles provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Main Outcome Measure All deaths in the US for which non-fire-related CO poisoning was an underlying or contributing condition, classified by intent and mechanism of death. Negative binomial regression was used to incorporate every year of data into estimated percentage changes in CO emissions and mortality rates over time. Results During 1968-1998, CO-related mortality rates in the United States declined from 20.2 deaths to 8.8 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 57.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -62.4% to -52.6%). Following the introduction of the catalytic converter to automobiles in 1975, CO emissions from automobiles decreased by an estimated 76.3% of 1975 levels (95% Cl, -82.0% to -70.4%) and unintentional motor vehicle-related CO death rates declined from 4.0 to 0.9 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 81.3%; 95% Cl, -84.8% to -77.0%). Rates of motor vehicle-related CO suicides declined from 10.0 to 4.9 deaths per 1 million person-years (an estimated decline of 43.3%; 95% Cl, -57.5% to -24.3%). During 1975-1996, an annual decrease of 10 g/mile of estimated CO emissions from automobiles was associated with a 21.3% decrease (95% Cl, -24.2% to -18.4%) in the annual unintentional motor vehicle-related CO death rate and a 5.9% decrease (95% CI, -10.0% to -1.8%) in the annual rate of motor vehicle-related CO suicides. Conclusions If rates of unintentional CO-related deaths had remained at pre-1975 levels, an estimated additional 11700 motor vehicle-related CO poisoning deaths might have occurred by 1998. This decline in death rates appears to be a public health benefit associated with the enforcement of standards set by the 1970 Clean Air Act. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Olympia, WA USA. US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mott, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 29 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 8 BP 988 EP 995 DI 10.1001/jama.288.8.988 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587RM UT WOS:000177656400024 PM 12190369 ER PT J AU Molbak, K Mead, PS Griffin, PM AF Molbak, K Mead, PS Griffin, PM TI Antimicrobial therapy in patients with Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; SUBINHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS; ANTIBIOTICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AGENTS; MICE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Griffin, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 28 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 8 BP 1014 EP 1016 DI 10.1001/jama.288.8.1014 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587RM UT WOS:000177656400029 PM 12190374 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Imperatore, G Benjamin, SM Engelgau, MM AF Narayan, KMV Imperatore, G Benjamin, SM Engelgau, MM TI Targeting people with pre-diabetes - Lifestyle interventions should also be aimed at people with pre-diabetes SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 11 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD AUG 24 PY 2002 VL 325 IS 7361 BP 403 EP 404 DI 10.1136/bmj.325.7361.403 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 588RY UT WOS:000177715500004 PM 12193342 ER PT J AU Karanja, DMS Hightower, AW Colley, DG Mwinzi, PNM Galil, K Andove, J Secor, WE AF Karanja, DMS Hightower, AW Colley, DG Mwinzi, PNM Galil, K Andove, J Secor, WE TI Resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni in occupationally exposed adults and effect of HIV-1 co-infection on susceptibility to schistosomiasis: a longitudinal study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; WESTERN KENYA; INDIVIDUALS; HAEMATOBIUM; CHEMOTHERAPY; VACCINES; IGG4; VIEW; AGE; IGE AB Background Previous studies have reported age-dependent development of resistance to reinfection by schistosomes and identified immunological correlates of this resistance. However, whether resistance exists that is independent of age effects has been questioned. We did a longitudinal investigation of reinfection by Schistosoma mansoni in an adult population with high occupational exposure. Methods We monitored a cohort of 96 male car washers working along the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya during 349.7 person-years for frequency of water contact and infection with S mansoni. Patients were treated with praziquantel upon study entry and after reinfection with S mansoni. Bivariate analyses and a multivariate proportional hazards model were used to assess the effects of water contact, previous infections, and HIV-1 on S mansoni reinfection rates. Findings 13 car washers did not get reinfected or only became reinfected after an extended time (91 weeks). 47 initially had a short time to reinfection (15 weeks) but on subsequent treatments showed increased time to reinfection (29-38 weeks). 36 consistently displayed short times to reinfection (<15 weeks) despite multiple reinfection and treatment cycles. Decreased CD4 T-cell counts in HIV-1-positive individuals corresponded to increased susceptibility to S mansoni reinfection. Interpretation Adults similarly exposed to schistosomiasis are either resistant to reinfection; susceptible, but develop resistance to reinfection after multiple treatments; or remain susceptible to reinfection. Thus, immunological resistance to reinfection with S mansoni exists or can develop independent of age effects. The consequence of HIV-1 co-infection suggests that CD4 T cells contribute to this resistance. C1 CDCP, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), CDCP, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept HHS, 4770 Buford Hihway NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW007123]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053695] NR 18 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 24 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9333 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09781-7 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 586TD UT WOS:000177600400008 PM 12241930 ER PT J AU Porter, DW Hubbs, AF Robinson, VA Battelli, LA Greskevitch, M Barger, M Landsittel, D Jones, W Castranova, V AF Porter, DW Hubbs, AF Robinson, VA Battelli, LA Greskevitch, M Barger, M Landsittel, D Jones, W Castranova, V TI Comparative pulmonary toxicity of blasting sand and five substitute abrasive blasting agents SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; LUNG INJURY; RATS; PARTICLES; FIBROSIS; DUST AB Blasting sand is used for abrasive blasting, but its inhalation is associated with pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Consequently, safer substitute materials for blasting sand are needed. in a previous study from this laboratory, the comparative pulmonary toxicity of five abrasive blasting substitutes and blasting sand was reported. In this study, the pulmonary toxicity of blasting sand was compared to five additional abrasive blasting substitutes: steel grit, copper slag, nickel slag, crushed glass, and olivine. Exposed rats received by intratracheal instillation 10 mg of respirable-size particles of blasting sand or an abrasive blasting substitute, while controls were instilled with vehicle. Pulmonary inflammation, damage, and fibrosis were examined 28 d postexposure. Pulmonary inflammation was monitored by determining bronchoalveolar lavage polymorphonuclear cell counts and alveolar macrophage activation by chemiluminescence. Pulmonary damage was assessed by acellular bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid serum albumin concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Histological examination of lung tissue samples was made to assess the severity and distribution of pulmonary fibrosis, alveolitis, and alveolar epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. In comparison to blasting sand, olivine-exposed rats had higher levels of pulmonary inflammation and damage with a similar level of fibrosis. Steel grit-exposed rats had lower levels of pulmonary inflammation and damage, and did not develop fibrosis. However, steel grit-exposed rats had a level of epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia similar to blasting sand. The other abrasive blasting substitutes gave a mixed profile of toxicity. The data demonstrate that steel grit produced less acute pulmonary toxicity than blasting sand or any of the other abrasive blasting substitutes. Notwithstanding, the data also suggest that chronic exposure to steel grit may pose a health risk due to its effects on epithelial cell proliferation in the lung. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Porter, DW (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD AUG 23 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 16 BP 1121 EP 1140 DI 10.1080/00984100290071225 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 584AF UT WOS:000177444500002 PM 12167212 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Sulka, AC Langer, AJ Schaben, C Crielly, AS Gage, R Baysinger, M Moll, M Withers, G Toney, DM Hunter, SB Hoekstra, RM Wong, SK Griffin, PM Van Gilder, TJ AF Crump, JA Sulka, AC Langer, AJ Schaben, C Crielly, AS Gage, R Baysinger, M Moll, M Withers, G Toney, DM Hunter, SB Hoekstra, RM Wong, SK Griffin, PM Van Gilder, TJ TI An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; CATTLE; ENVIRONMENT; FAMILIES AB Background Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157: H7 infections have involved direct transmission from animals and their environment to humans. We describe an outbreak among visitors to a Pennsylvania dairy and petting farm that provides public access to animals. Methods We conducted both a case-control study among visitors to a farm to identify risk factors for infection and a household survey to determine the rates of diarrheal illness among these visitors. We performed an extensive environmental study to identify sources of E. coli O157:117 on the farm. Results Fifty-one patients with confirmed or suspected E. coli O157:H7 infection were enrolled in the case-control study. The median age of the patients was four years, and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome developed in eight. Contact with calves and their environment was associated with an increased risk of infection, whereas hand washing was protective. The household survey indicated that visitors to the farm during the outbreak had higher than expected rates of diarrhea. Environmental studies showed that 28 of the 216 cattle on the farm (13 percent) were colonized with E. coli O157:H7 that had the same distinct pattern on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis that was found in isolates from the patients. This organism was also recovered from surfaces that were accessible to the public. Conclusions In a large outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm, predominantly children, high rates of carriage of E. coli O157: H7 among calves and young cattle most likely resulted in contamination of both the animals' hides and the environment. C1 CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montgomery Cty Hlth Dept, Norristown, PA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Lionville, PA USA. Virginia Dept Consolidated Lab Serv, Richmond, VA USA. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 107 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 22 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 8 BP 555 EP 560 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa020524 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587ZR UT WOS:000177675400003 PM 12192014 ER PT J AU Sievert, DM Boulton, ML Stoltman, G Johnson, D Stobierski, MG Downes, FP Somsel, PA Rudrik, JT Brown, W Hafeez, W Lundstrom, T Flanagan, E Johnson, R Mitchell, J AF Sievert, DM Boulton, ML Stoltman, G Johnson, D Stobierski, MG Downes, FP Somsel, PA Rudrik, JT Brown, W Hafeez, W Lundstrom, T Flanagan, E Johnson, R Mitchell, J CA CDC TI Staphylocloccus aureus resistant to vancomycin - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 565-567, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Oakwood Hlth Care Syst, Dearborn, MI USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sievert, DM (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. NR 1 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 21 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 7 BP 824 EP 825 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 585FC UT WOS:000177513100011 ER PT J AU Iyasu, S Tomashek, K AF Iyasu, S Tomashek, K CA CDC TI Infant mortality and low birth weight among black and white infants - United States, 1980-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 589-592, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Iyasu, S (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 21 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 7 BP 825 EP 826 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 585FC UT WOS:000177513100012 ER PT J AU Mahoney, EM Thompson, TD Veledar, E Williams, J Weintraub, WS AF Mahoney, EM Thompson, TD Veledar, E Williams, J Weintraub, WS TI Cost-effectiveness of targeting patients undergoing cardiac surgery for therapy with intravenous amiodarone to prevent atrial fibrillation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY BYPASS; HEART-SURGERY; RISK; PREDICTORS; OPERATIONS; INHIBITION; VARIABLES AB OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of administering prophylactic intravenous (IV) amiodarone therapy to patients undergoing cardiac surgery according to their predicted risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation. BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of cardiovascular surgery that is associated with a significant increase in hospitalization costs. Intravenous amiodarone has been shown to decrease the incidence of postoperative AF. METHODS All 8,709 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 1,217 patients who underwent valve replacement and 624 patients who underwent CABG and valve replacement procedures (CABG + valve) from January 1, 1994, to June 30, 1999, at Emory University Hospitals were studied. Models predicting the risk of AF were developed using logistic regression; linear regression was used to estimate the influence of AF on hospitalization costs. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated for patient subsets identified according to their predicted risk of AF. RESULTS Postoperative AF rates were 17.7% for CABG, 24.6% for valve and 33.8% for CABG + valve. Using $5,000 as an acceptable cost per episode of atrial fibrillation averted, prophylactic IV amiodarone in CABG patients was not found to be cost-effective. Therapy would be recommended for roughly 5% of valve patients with a predicted risk of atrial fibrillation >45%, and roughly two thirds of CABG + valve patients who have a predicted risk of >30%. CONCLUSIONS Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic IV amiodarone varies according to type of surgery and the predicted risk of atrial fibrillation. Older patients undergoing valve replacement, particularly those with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and those undergoing concomitant CABG are likely to be the most appropriate candidates for IV amiodarone therapy in the perioperative period. (C) 2002 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 Emory Univ, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahoney, EM (reprint author), Emory Ctr Outcomes Res, Emory W Suite 1N,1256 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. RI Veledar, Emir/K-2808-2012 OI Veledar, Emir/0000-0002-3831-5433 NR 20 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD AUG 21 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 737 EP 745 AR PII S0735-1097(02)02003-X DI 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02003-X PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 584NP UT WOS:000177474000019 PM 12204505 ER PT J AU Workowski, KA Levine, WC Wasserheit, JN AF Workowski, KA Levine, WC Wasserheit, JN TI US centers for disease control and prevention guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases: An opportunity to unify clinical and public health practice SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PRETERM DELIVERY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; EARLY SYPHILIS AB Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) constitute an epidemic of tremendous magnitude, with an estimated 15 million persons in the United States acquiring a new STD each year. Effective clinical management of STDs is a strategic common element in efforts to prevent HIV infection and to improve reproductive and sexual health. Sexually transmitted diseases may result in severe, longterm, costly complications, including facilitation of HIV infection, tubal infertility, adverse outcomes of pregnancy, and cervical and other types of anogenital cancer. The publication of national guidelines for the management of STDs, by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has been a key component of federal initiatives to improve the health of the U.S. population by preventing and controlling STDs and their sequelae. This paper presents new recommendations from the 2002 CDC Guidelines for the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the context of current disease trends and public health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Workowski, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 4 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 585BB UT WOS:000177502300006 PM 12186516 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Masur, H Holmes, KK AF Kaplan, JE Masur, H Holmes, KK TI Discontinuing prophylaxis against recurrent opportunistic infections in HIV-infected persons: A victory in the era of HAART SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; SECONDARY PROPHYLAXIS; VIRAL-LOAD; RISK; RETINITIS; DISEASE; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 20 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 4 BP 285 EP 287 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 585BB UT WOS:000177502300009 PM 12186519 ER PT J AU Hill, RH AF Hill, RH TI Safety ethics: Where can I get one? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 017-CHAL BP U386 EP U386 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201895 ER PT J AU Hill, RH AF Hill, RH TI What I learned about safety on my way to becoming a chemist. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 017-CHAS BP U279 EP U279 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422201315 ER PT J AU Hubbs, A AF Hubbs, A TI Workplace safety and food ingredients: The example of butter flavoring. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 148-AGFD BP U87 EP U87 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200292 ER PT J AU Panella, N Dolan, M Xiong, XP Peralta-Cruz, J Khasawneh, M Karchesy, J AF Panella, N Dolan, M Xiong, XP Peralta-Cruz, J Khasawneh, M Karchesy, J TI Natural biocides from forest resources to control arthropod pests. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. IPN, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Quim, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2002 VL 224 MA 102-AGFD BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 583RL UT WOS:000177422200246 ER PT J AU Conway, GA AF Conway, GA TI Casting their lot upon the water: commercial fishing safety SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH, CDC, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Conway, GA (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 17 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9332 BP 503 EP 504 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09760-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 585EZ UT WOS:000177512800005 PM 12241651 ER PT J AU Benator, D Bhattacharya, M Bozeman, L Burman, W Catanzaro, A Chaisson, R Gordin, F Horsburgh, CR Horton, J Khan, A Lahart, C Metchock, B Pachucki, C Stanton, L Vernon, A Villarino, ME Wang, YC Weiner, M Weis, S AF Benator, D Bhattacharya, M Bozeman, L Burman, W Catanzaro, A Chaisson, R Gordin, F Horsburgh, CR Horton, J Khan, A Lahart, C Metchock, B Pachucki, C Stanton, L Vernon, A Villarino, ME Wang, YC Weiner, M Weis, S CA TBTC TI Rifapentine and isoniazid once a week versus rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week for treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients: a randomised clinical trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; THERAPY; PHARMACOKINETICS; CHEMOTHERAPY; RELEVANT; INVITRO AB Background Rifapentine has a long half-life in serum, which suggests a possible treatment once a week for tuberculosis. We aimed to compare rifapentine and isoniazid once a week with rifampicin and isoniazid twice a week. Methods We did a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial in the USA and Canada of HIV-negative people with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis who had completed 2 months of a 6-month treatment regimen. We randomly allocated patients directly observed treatment with either 600 mg rifapentine plus 900 mg isoniazid once a week or 600 mg rifampicin plus 900 mg isoniazid twice a week. Primary outcome was failure/relapse. Analysis was by intention to treat. Findings 1004 patients were enrolled (502 per treatment group). 928 successfully completed treatment, and 803 completed the 2-year 4-month study. Crude rates of failure/ relapse were 46/502 (9.2%) in those on rifapentine once a week, and 28/502 (5.6%) in those given rifampicin twice a week (relative risk 1.64, 95% Cl 1.04-2.58, p=0.04). By proportional hazards regression, five characteristics were independently associated with increased risk of failure/ relapse: sputum culture positive at 2 months (hazard ratio 2.8, 95% Cl 1.7-4.6); cavitation on chest radiography (3.0, 1.6-5.9); being underweight (3.0, 1.8-4.9); bilateral pulmonary involvement (1.8, 1.0-3.1); and being a non-Hispanic white person (1.8, 1.1-3.0). Adjustment for imbalances in 2-month culture and cavitation diminished the association of treatment group with outcome (1.34; 0.83-2.18; p=0.23). Of participants without cavitation, rates of failure/relapse were 6/210 (2.9%) in the once a week group and 6/241 (2.5%) in the twice a week group (relative risk 1.15; 95% Cl 0.38-3.50; p=0.81). Rates of adverse events and death were similar in the two treatment groups. Interpretation Rifapentine once a week is safe and effective for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative people without cavitation on chest radiography. Clinical, radiographic, and microbiological data help to identify patients with tuberculosis who are at increased risk of failure or relapse when treated with either regimen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TBTC Data & Coordinating Ctr, Res & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Benator, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TBTC Data & Coordinating Ctr, Res & Evaluat Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00827] NR 32 TC 258 Z9 264 U1 1 U2 4 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 17 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9332 BP 528 EP 534 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 585EZ UT WOS:000177512800011 PM 12241657 ER PT J AU Hanna, SL Yang, CF Owen, SM Lal, RB AF Hanna, SL Yang, CF Owen, SM Lal, RB TI Resistance mutation in HIV entry inhibitors SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; entry inhibitors; resistant mutations ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; POTENT INHIBITORS; HEPTAD REPEAT; FUSION; GP41; T-20; GP120; CORECEPTORS; SENSITIVITY AB Background: Two of the fusion inhibitors T-20 and 5-helix polypeptide have been shown to be potent inhibitors of cell-to-cell fusion and are currently under investigation as therapy for HIV-1 Objectives: To examine variability of HIV-1 gp4l heptads repeat regions (HR1 and HR2), with special emphasis on the presence of T-20 resistance mutations and 5-helix variability at critical epitopes, in treatment-naive patients infected with diverse HIV-1 subtypes from different geographic regions. Methods: A total of 150 specimens representing HIV-1 group M subtypes (A-G) from persons naive to HIV-1 viral entry inhibitor therapy were used to amplify and sequence a 506 bp segment of transmembrane protein. Results: In general, both HR1 (a.a. 540-593) and HR2 (a.a. 628-673) domains were highly conserved. Sequence analysis of the T-20 resistant domain (a.a. 547-549, GIV) revealed that 99% of the specimens (149 of 150) carried a T-20 sensitive genotype. The critical epitopes involved in the 5-helix interaction include residues at positions 628W, 631W, 6351, 638Y, 6421, 645L, 649S, 652Q, 656N, and 659E. Analysis of the 150 specimens revealed that all had identical residues at six of these positions, whereas two positions had minor variations (635 and 649) and two (645 and 659) appeared to have subtype-specific substitutions. Conclusions: This data indicates that there is limited resistance to T-20 in these worldwide populations and that the critical epitopes for effective 5-helix binding are highly conserved across all subtypes. Taken together, these data suggest that T-20 and 5-helix should provide useful additives to current antiretroviral therapy for clinical management of HIV disease. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 16 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1603 EP 1608 DI 10.1097/00002030-200208160-00005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 586BH UT WOS:000177561900004 PM 12172081 ER PT J AU Palella, FJ Chmiel, JS Moorman, AC Holmberg, SD AF Palella, FJ Chmiel, JS Moorman, AC Holmberg, SD CA HIV Outpatient Study Investigators TI Durability and predictors of success of highly active antiretroviral therapy for ambulatory HIV-infected patients SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; mortality; morbidity; antiretroviral therapy; HAART; durability of therapy; response to therapy; predictors of therapeutic response ID VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; CLINICAL-TRIALS; END-POINTS AB Objective: To evaluate the durability and correlates of the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in terms of AIDS-related mortality and morbidity, HIV viremia, and CD4 cell count. Design and setting: The HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), a prospective observational cohort from eight clinics in the USA that has been running since 1994. Participants: Mortality and opportunistic infection (OI) rates were calculated for 1769 HOPS patients with CD4 cell count ever < 100 X 10(6)/1. Data from 1022 HAART recipients with CD4 cell count ever < 500 X 10(6)/1 were analyzed. Main outcome measures: Mortality and AIDS-related OI rates. Treatment success was defined as a reduction in plasma HIV RNA copies/ml of 1.0 log(10) or more, or to an undetectable level, with a stable or rising CD4 cell count. Durable success was a successful response lasting at least 12 consecutive months. Results: HAART use remained high; mortality and OIs low. Patients received a mean of 1.8 HAART regimens. Median time on first HAART (n = 1022) was 11.8 months; second HAART (n = 424) 7.4 months; and third HAART (n = 213) 7.2 months. Treatment success was most likely for pre-HAART treatment naive patients; durably successful first HAART most often contained one protease inhibitor, particularly indinavir or nelfinavir (P= 0.006, adjusted for prior antiretroviral therapy). Durable success was most likely with first (49.0%) than with second (29.6%, P= 0.013) or third or more HAART regimens (114.9%, P < 0.0001). Time to success with first HAART was shorter for durable than non-durable responders (3.6 versus 5.3 months, respectively; unadjusted P= 0.002). Conclusions: Durable response to HAART was associated with being pre-HAART therapy naive, prompt response to HAART, and single protease inhibitor-based initial HAART (indinavir or nelfinavir). Sequential HAART regimens were of progressively shorter duration, demonstrated less viral suppression and CD4 cell count benefit, yet low morbidity and mortality rates were sustained. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Palella, FJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 676 N St Clair,Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 17 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 16 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1617 EP 1626 DI 10.1097/00002030-200208160-00007 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 586BH UT WOS:000177561900006 PM 12172083 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI Commentary: Epidemiology and the continuum from genetic research to genetic testing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 4 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf/053 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 584WX UT WOS:000177492700002 PM 12181098 ER PT J AU Little, J Bradley, L Bray, MS Clyne, M Dorman, J Ellsworth, DL Hanson, J Khoury, M Lau, J O'Brien, TR Rothman, N Stroup, D Taioli, E Thomas, D Vainio, H Wacholder, S Weinberg, C AF Little, J Bradley, L Bray, MS Clyne, M Dorman, J Ellsworth, DL Hanson, J Khoury, M Lau, J O'Brien, TR Rothman, N Stroup, D Taioli, E Thomas, D Vainio, H Wacholder, S Weinberg, C TI Reporting, appraising, and integrating data on genotype prevalence and gene-disease associations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE case-control studies; causality; cohort studies; epidemlologic methods; gene frequency; genetic techniques; meta-analysis ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; COMPLEX HUMAN-DISEASES; HUMAN GENOME; COLORECTAL-CANCER; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; DIABETES-MELLITUS; POOLED ANALYSES; BLOOD SPOTS; METAANALYSIS AB The recent completion of the first draft of the human genome sequence and advances in technologies for genomic analysis are generating tremendous opportunities for epidemiologic studies to evaluate the role of genetic variants in human disease. Many methodological issues apply to the investigation of variation in the frequency of allelic variants of human genes, of the possibility that these influence disease risk, and of assessment of the magnitude of the associated risk. Based on a Human Genome Epidemiology workshop, a checklist for reporting and appraising studies of genotype prevalence and studies of gene-disease associations was developed. This focuses on selection of study subjects, analytic validity of genotyping, population stratification, and statistical issues. Use of the checklist should facilitate the integration of evidence from these studies. The relation between the checklist and grading schemes that have been proposed for the evaluation of observational studies is discussed. Although the limitations of grading schemes are recognized, a robust approach is proposed. Other issues in the synthesis of evidence that are particularly relevant to studies of genotype prevalence and gene-disease association are discussed, notably identification of studies, publication bias, criteria for causal inference, and the appropriateness of quantitative synthesis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Epidemiol Grp, Dept Med & Therapeut, Aberdeen, Scotland. Sunrise Med Lab, Hauppauge, NY USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Care Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Biostat Div, Dept Prevent Med, Milan, Italy. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. IRCCS, Osped Policlin, Milan, Italy. RP Khoury, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 101 TC 294 Z9 304 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 4 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf054 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 584WX UT WOS:000177492700003 PM 12181099 ER PT J AU Burke, W Atkins, D Gwinn, M Guttmacher, A Haddow, J Lau, J Palomaki, G Press, N Richards, CS Wideroff, L Wiesner, GL AF Burke, W Atkins, D Gwinn, M Guttmacher, A Haddow, J Lau, J Palomaki, G Press, N Richards, CS Wideroff, L Wiesner, GL TI Genetic test evaluation: Information needs of clinicians, policy makers, and the public SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE factor V; genetic markers; genetic predisposition to disease; genetic screening; genetics; phenylketonurias ID FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; FOLLOW-UP CARE; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; BREAST-CANCER; INHERITED PREDISPOSITION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; FAMILY MEMBERS; RISK; BRCA2 AB Growing knowledge about gene-disease associations will lead to new opportunities for genetic testing. Many experts predict that genetic testing will become increasingly important as a guide to prevention, clinical management, and drug treatment based on genetic susceptibilities. As part of a Human Genetic Epidemiology workshop convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a group of experts evaluated the evidence needed when considering the appropriate use of new genetic tests. Because new tests are likely to vary in their predictive value, their potential to direct prevention or treatment efforts, and their personal and social consequences, the task of determining appropriate use will require careful consideration of a variety of factors, including the analytic validity, clinical validity, clinical utility, and ethical, legal, and social implications of the test. Standardized formats are needed to summarize what is known and not known about new genetic tests with respect to each of these features. Following criteria for the objective assessment of test properties, reports should be structured to enable policy makers, clinicians, and the public to identify the available evidence, so that uncertainties can be taken into account when considering test use and planning future research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Bethesda, MD USA. NHGRI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fdn Blood Res, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Hernandez, Jessica/G-6527-2011 NR 39 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 4 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf055 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 584WX UT WOS:000177492700004 PM 12181100 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Warner, M Mocarelli, P Samuels, S Needham, LL Patterson, DG Lippman, S Vercellini, P Gerthoux, PM Brambilla, P Olive, D AF Eskenazi, B Warner, M Mocarelli, P Samuels, S Needham, LL Patterson, DG Lippman, S Vercellini, P Gerthoux, PM Brambilla, P Olive, D TI Serum dioxin concentrations and menstrual cycle characteristics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dioxins; environmental exposure; menstrual cycle; tetrachlorodibenzodioxin ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; WOMENS HEALTH; FEMALE RATS; IN-UTERO; OVULATION; EXPOSURE; HORMONE; SEVESO; ADULTHOOD; RESIDENTS AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a widespread industrial environmental contaminant. Animal studies suggest that TCDD exposure alters the estrus cycle. Twenty years after a 1976 industrial explosion in Seveso, Italy, the authors interviewed female residents to determine whether there was an association between TCDD exposure and current menstrual cycle characteristics. The authors analyzed serum samples collected soon after the explosion to quantify individual TCDD levels. Among women who were premenarcheal at the time of the explosion, a 10-fold increase in serum TCDD level was associated with a lengthening of the menstrual cycle by 0.93 days (95% confidence interval (Cl): -0.01, 1.86) and a reduction in the odds of scanty menstrual flow (adjusted odds ratio = 0.33, 95% Cl: 0.10, 1.06). However, among women who were postmenarcheal at the time of the explosion, TCDD was not associated with menstrual cycle length (adjusted beta = -0.03 days, 95% Cl: -0.61, 0.54) or scantiness of flow (adjusted odds ratio = 1.36, 95% Cl: 0.70, 2.64). In both menarche groups, TCDD levels were associated with decreased odds of having irregular cycles (adjusted odds ratio = 0.46, 95% Cl: 0.23, 0.95) but were not related to days of flow (adjusted P = 0.16 days, 95% Cl: -0.08, 0.41). These results are consistent with effects of TCDD on ovarian function noted in some animal species and with greater sensitivity to TCDD during development. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hosp Desio, Desio, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Lab Med, Sch Med, Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm & Prevent Med, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Milan, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Milan, Italy. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016 OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996 FU FIC NIH HHS [F06TW02075-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [2P30-ES001896-17, R01 ES07171] NR 53 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 4 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf046 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 584WX UT WOS:000177492700013 PM 12181109 ER PT J AU Ma, Q AF Ma, Q TI Induction and superinduction of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator transcription activation domains and a labile transcription repressor SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TiPARP; TCDD; Ah receptor; gene induction; superinduction ID MOUSE HEPATOMA-CELLS; AH DIOXIN RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICE; PROTEIN; CYP1A1; TCDD; DEGRADATION; PROMOTER; PATHWAY AB The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP). In this study, the signaling pathway of the induction was analyzed. Induction of TiPARP by TCDD occurs in both hepalclc7 cells and C57 mouse liver. Induction is concentration and time dependent. Genetic analyses reveal that induction is abolished in aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)- or aromatic hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt)-defective variants but restored upon reconstitution of the variant cells with cDNAs expressing functional AhR or Arnt. Moreover, induction is largely reduced in cells expressing a deletion mutant of AhR or Arnt lacking the transcription activation (TA) domain, thus implicating the TA activities of both AhR and Arnt in the induction. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide enhances the induction of TiPARP in the presence of an AhR agonist. The superinduction is transcriptional and does not require pretreatment with TCDD. Finally, inhibition of the 26S proteasomes by MG132 superinduces TiPARP. These findings establish that induction of TiPARP by TCDD is mediated through an AhR and Arnt transcription activation-dependent signal transduction that is repressed by a labile factor through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div,NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 404 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 AR PII S0003-9861(02)00339-9 DI 10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00339-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 585FU UT WOS:000177515400016 PM 12147270 ER PT J AU Hak, E Nordin, J Wei, FF Mullooly, J Poblete, S Strikas, R Nichol, KL AF Hak, E Nordin, J Wei, FF Mullooly, J Poblete, S Strikas, R Nichol, KL TI Influence of high-risk medical conditions on the effectiveness of influenza vaccination among elderly members of 3 large managed-care organizations SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DOUBLE-BLIND; MORTALITY; IMPACT; HOSPITALIZATIONS; EPIDEMICS; EFFICACY AB This serial cohort study assessed the risk of hospitalization or death associated with influenza and the effectiveness of influenza vaccination among subgroups of elderly members of 3 managed-care organizations in the United States. Data on baseline characteristics and outcomes were obtained from computerized databases. A total of 122,974 (1996-1997 season) and 158,454 (1997-1998 season) persons were included in the cohorts. Among unvaccinated persons, hospitalizations for pneumonia/influenza or death occurred in 8.2 of 1000 healthy and 38.4 of 1000 high-risk persons in year 1, and in 8.2 of 1000 healthy and 29.3 of 1000 high-risk persons in year 2. After adjustments, vaccination was associated with a 48% reduction in the incidence of hospitalization or death (95% confidence interval [CI], 42-52) in year 1 and 31% (95% CI, 26-37) in year 2. Effectiveness estimates were statistically significant and generally consistent across the healthy and high-risk subgroups. The absolute risk reduction, however, was 2.4- to 4.7-fold higher among high-risk than among healthy elderly persons. All elderly individuals may substantially benefit from vaccination. However, the impact of influenza is greater in persons with high-risk medical conditions. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Permanente NW, Portland, OR USA. Oxford Hlth Plans, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Med Ctr, Julius Ctr Gen Practice & Patient Oriented Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Nichol, KL (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 111,1 Vet Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. NR 41 TC 126 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1086/341403 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 578HQ UT WOS:000177111700004 PM 12145718 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Jha, HC Lietman, TM Chaudhary, JSP Bhatta, RC Elliott, J Hyde, T Schuchat, A Gaynor, B Dowell, SF AF Fry, AM Jha, HC Lietman, TM Chaudhary, JSP Bhatta, RC Elliott, J Hyde, T Schuchat, A Gaynor, B Dowell, SF TI Adverse and beneficial secondary effects of mass treatment with azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma in Nepal SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOSE AZITHROMYCIN; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ORAL AZITHROMYCIN; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; ONCHOCERCIASIS; PROPHYLAXIS; IVERMECTIN; CHILDREN; IMPACT AB Mass administration of azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma has raised concerns regarding the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. During 2000, we compared the antimicrobial resistance of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal isolates recovered from and the prevalence of impetigo, respiratory symptoms, and diarrhea among 458 children in Nepal before and after mass administration of azithromycin. No azithromycin-resistant pneumococci were isolated except from 4.3% of children who had received azithromycin during 2 previous mass treatments (P<.001). There were decreases in the prevalence of impetigo (from 14% to 6% of subjects; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.80) and diarrhea (from 32% to 11%; adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.43) 10 days after azithromycin treatment. The absence of macrolide-resistant isolates after 1 mass treatment with azithromycin is encouraging, although the recovery of azithromycin-resistant isolates after 2 mass treatments suggests the need for resistance monitoring when multiple rounds of antimicrobial treatment are given. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Francis I Proctor Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Geta Eye Hosp, Dhanghedi, Nepal. RP Fry, AM (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1086/341414 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 578HQ UT WOS:000177111700008 PM 12145722 ER PT J AU Morita, JY Zell, ER Danila, R Farley, MM Hadler, J Harrison, LH Lefkowitz, L Reingold, A Kupronis, BA Schuchat, A Whitney, CG AF Morita, JY Zell, ER Danila, R Farley, MM Hadler, J Harrison, LH Lefkowitz, L Reingold, A Kupronis, BA Schuchat, A Whitney, CG TI Association between antimicrobial resistance among pneumococcal isolates and burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in the community SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; JUDICIOUS USE; BACTERIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; ORAL CEPHALOSPORINS; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; CONJUGATE VACCINE; WORKING GROUP AB Treatment of infections with drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) may fail; whether drug resistance is associated with an increase in the number of serious infections in the community is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates and the number of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease. Linear regression models included 1996 county-level data from 38 counties participating in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core Surveillance. Separate models evaluated hospitalized children aged <5 years, nonhospitalized children aged <5 years, adults aged 18-64 years, and adults aged >64 years. The proportion of isolates resistant to greater than or equal to3 drug classes was associated with invasive disease in both hospitalized (P=.06) and nonhospitalized (P=.001) children. The proportion of multidrug- resistant pneumococcal isolates did not predict invasive cases among adults. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pneumococci among children may be leading to an increase in invasive disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Dept Preventat Med, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 420 EP 427 DI 10.1086/341897 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 578HQ UT WOS:000177111700012 PM 12145726 ER PT J AU Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA Morgan, PA Chiu, J Naksrisook, S Boenim, W Bussaratid, V Chaddic, C Phonrat, B Sirijongdee, N Sornsathapornkul, P Sontirat, A Srisaengchai, P Suwanarach, C Wongkamhaeng, S Brown, AE Khamboonruang, C Nitayaphan, S Pitisuttithum, P Thongchareon, P AF Thapinta, D Jenkins, RA Morgan, PA Chiu, J Naksrisook, S Boenim, W Bussaratid, V Chaddic, C Phonrat, B Sirijongdee, N Sornsathapornkul, P Sontirat, A Srisaengchai, P Suwanarach, C Wongkamhaeng, S Brown, AE Khamboonruang, C Nitayaphan, S Pitisuttithum, P Thongchareon, P CA Thai AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Grp TI Recruiting volunteers for a multisite phase I/II HIV preventive vaccine trial in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccine trials; research participation; ethical issues; motivation; altruism; developing countries; Thailand ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; NORTHERN THAILAND; WILLINGNESS; PARTICIPATE; MEN; INFECTION; BANGKOK; ISSUES AB Factors believed to be predictive of retention through the recruitment and screening processes for preventive HIV trials were investigated in a large multisite phase I/II HIV vaccine trial in Thailand. Retention through recruitment was equal to or greater than in previous smaller trials with similar populations. The data suggested that recruitment proceeded in a stepwise manner with different influences at each step. Demographic and motivational variables were most important in predicting retention in making and keeping screening appointments. Altruistic or mixed altruistic and nonaltruistic motives were associated with greater retention. Laboratory/medical variables appeared to be the main influence on retention during screening, although some volunteers withdrew for different reasons. The frequent presence of mixed (altruistic and nonaltruistic) motives at initial contact suggests that motivation for trials is more complex than has been previously acknowledged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Royal Thai Army, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Mahidol Univ, Siriaj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Vaccine Trial Ctr, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bangkok, Thailand. USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Nursing, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000021702.48448.FB PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 582NJ UT WOS:000177357800006 PM 12154341 ER PT J AU Van Beneden, CA O'Brien, K Modesitt, S Yusem, S Rose, A Fleming, D AF Van Beneden, CA O'Brien, K Modesitt, S Yusem, S Rose, A Fleming, D TI Sexual behaviors in an urban bathhouse 15 years into the HIV epidemic SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV seropositivity/epidemiology; bathhouse/sex clubs; sexual behavior; homosexuality ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; EDUCATION; RISK AB Objective: To characterize the population and sexual behaviors of men currently attending gay bathhouses. Methods: Men entering a bathhouse in Portland, Oregon, were asked to complete a one-page questionnaire. Data collection ended when 1000 surveys were obtained. Questionnaires assessed demographics, self-reported HIV status, drug and alcohol use, and sexual behavior in the preceding 30 days. Results: The estimated response rate was 80%-90%. Of 1000 respondents, 829 (83%) reported having anal or oral sex at a bathhouse in the previous 30 days, 715 (86%) engaged in oral sex, 420 (51%) in anal sex, and 89 (11%) in high-risk (unprotected anal) sex. In multivariate analysis, characteristics associated with men reporting high-risk sex compared with men reporting other sexual activities at the bathhouse were HIV infection (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]. 1.02-4.0); 5 sexual partners in previous 30 days (OR, 3.2; 95% CI 2.0-5.3); having anonymous sex at other sites (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.8). Conclusions: Although most bathhouse patrons engaged in lower risk activities, those reporting unprotected anal sex were more likely to report HIV infection and to have multiple sexual partners. Well into the HIV epidemic, bathhouses remain venues for ongoing spread of HIV and opportunities for intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cascade AIDS Project, Portland, OR USA. Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. RP Van Beneden, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D65, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI O'Brien, Kerth/0000-0002-1566-7364 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD AUG 15 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 522 EP 526 DI 10.1097/01.QAI.0000014711.20554.85 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 582NJ UT WOS:000177357800008 PM 12154343 ER PT J AU Shillam, P Woo-Ming, A Mascola, L Bagby, R Lohff, C Bidol, S Stobierski, MG Carlson, C Schaefer, L Kightlinger, L Seys, S Kubota, K Mead, PS Kalluri, P AF Shillam, P Woo-Ming, A Mascola, L Bagby, R Lohff, C Bidol, S Stobierski, MG Carlson, C Schaefer, L Kightlinger, L Seys, S Kubota, K Mead, PS Kalluri, P TI Multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections associated with eating ground beef - United States, June-July 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 637-639, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Acute Communicable Dis Control Unit, Los Angeles, CA USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. S Dakota Dept Hlth, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shillam, P (reprint author), Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 14 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 6 BP 690 EP 691 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 583KY UT WOS:000177408100012 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Neal, JJ AF Klevens, RM Neal, JJ CA CDC TI Update: AIDS - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 592-595, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 14 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 6 BP 691 EP 692 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 583KY UT WOS:000177408100013 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG AF Rigau-Perez, JG TI Modes of transmission of hemorrhagic fever SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 5 BP 571 EP 571 DI 10.1001/jama.288.5.571 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 581FJ UT WOS:000177280200005 PM 12150658 ER PT J AU Hynes, M Sheik, M Wilson, HG Spiegel, P AF Hynes, M Sheik, M Wilson, HG Spiegel, P TI Reproductive health indicators and outcomes among refugee and internally displaced persons in postemergency phase camps SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MORTALITY; CONFLICT; INTERVENTIONS; POPULATIONS; CHILDHOOD; GUINEA AB Context Despite increasing awareness of the importance of reproductive health programs and services for refugee and internally displaced populations, there is a paucity of basic epidemiological data on reproductive health outcomes. Objectives To collect data on reproductive health outcomes among refugees and internally displaced persons in postemergency phase camps and compare these outcomes with those of host country and country-of-origin populations. To determine programmatic factors that may affect reproductive health outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective study of data collected from August 1998 through March 2000 of 688766 persons living in 52 postemergency phase camps in 7 countries. Reproductive health outcomes of refugee and internally displaced populations were compared with available data of reference populations within their respective host country and country of origin. Main Outcome Measures Crude birth rate (CBR), neonatal mortality rate (NNMR), maternal mortality ratio (MMR), percentage of newborns with low birth weight (LBW), and incidence of complications of unsafe or spontaneous abortions. Results Six of 11 groups had lower CBRs than their country of origin and 5 of 9 groups had lower CBRs than their host country. Four of 5 had lower NNMRs than their country of origin and 6 of 9 had lower NNMRs than the host country. Four of 6 had lower MMRs than their country of origin, and 5 of 6 had lower MMRs than their host country. Seven of 9 had lower percentages of LBWs than in the country of origin and 5 of 9 had lower percentages of LBWs than the host country. Higher CBRs were associated with more recently established camps and higher numbers of local health staff per 1000 persons; and higher percentages of LBW newborns were associated with rainy season, more recently established camps, lower numbers of community health workers per 1000 persons, and camps without supplementary feeding-programs. Conclusions Refugees and internally displaced persons inmost postemergency phase camps had better reproductive health outcomes than their respective host country and country-of-origin populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Refugee & Disaster Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hynes, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis, Mailstop K-22,2900 Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 5 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1001/jama.288.5.595 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 581FJ UT WOS:000177280200018 PM 12150671 ER PT J AU Buchholz, U Mermin, J Rios, R Casagrande, TL Galey, F Lee, M Quattrone, A Farrar, J Nagelkerke, N Werner, SB AF Buchholz, U Mermin, J Rios, R Casagrande, TL Galey, F Lee, M Quattrone, A Farrar, J Nagelkerke, N Werner, SB TI An outbreak of food-borne illness associated with methomyl-contaminated salt SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Context On January 5, 1999, the California Department of Health Services was notified of the repeated occurrence (December 21, 1998, and January 2, 1999) of gastrointestinal tract illness among patrons at a Thai restaurant in central California. Objective To identify the source of the outbreak. Design Case-control study; microbiological and toxicological laboratory testing of samples of food, stool, and vomitus. Setting Thai food restaurant in central California. Participants Patrons of the restaurant. A case (n=107) was defined as dizziness, nausea, or vomiting occurring in a person who ate at the restaurant between December 20, 1998, and January 2, 1999, with onset of symptoms within 2 hours of eating. A control (n = 169) was a person who ate at the restaurant during the same period but reported no symptoms. Main Outcome Measures Odds ratios (ORs) of illness associated with food exposures; ORs of shifts during which illness occurred associated with certain cooks; laboratory results. Results The median latency period was 40 minutes from beginning eating to first symptom and was 2 hours to onset of diarrhea. The median duration of symptoms was 6 hours. Twenty-six persons (24%) visited the emergency department or were treated by a physician; no person required hospitalization. Patients reported nausea (95%), dizziness (72%), abdominal cramps (58%), headache (52%), vomiting (51%), chills (48%), and diarrhea (46%). Fifty-one cases (48%) included dizziness, lightheadedness, or a feeling of disequilibrium as the initial symptom. Illness was statistically associated with several foods and ingredients, but no single dish or ingredient explained a substantial number of cases. The analysis of food exposures included salt added by cooks, as estimated by using the amount of salt in the recipe for each dish and the amount of each dish eaten by respondents. This association was stronger with increasing levels of salt: ORs for illness among persons who consumed more than 0.42 to 0.84, more than 0.84 to 1.25, and more than 1.25 tsp of salt added to foods in the kitchen were 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-5.7), 3.0 (95% Cl, 1.0-8.8), and 4.0 (95% Cl, 1.3-13.5) compared with persons who consumed less than 0.42 tsp (P value for trend=.004). Methomyl, a highly toxic carbamate pesticide, was identified in a sample of vomitus (20 ppm) and in salt taken from containers in the storeroom (mean, 5600 ppm) and the stovetop (mean, 1425 ppm). The oral toxic dose causing illness in 50% of those exposed to methomyl was estimated to be 0.15 mg/kg of body weight (estimated range, 0.09-0.31 mg/kg of body weight). The presence of cook A was associated with shifts during which cases of illness occurred (OR, 10.4; 95% Cl, 1.2-157.4). Conclusion This outbreak of gastrointestinal illness was associated with the consumption of food seasoned with methomyl-contaminated salt. To allow rapid assessment for further investigational and control measures by health officials, physicians should report suspected outbreaks of illness to public health departments, however trivial the symptoms or cause may seem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Fresno Cty Dept Community Hlth, Fresno, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Buchholz, U (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Zentrum Infekt Epidemiol, Seestr 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012; QUATTRONE, Aldo/A-6734-2016 OI QUATTRONE, Aldo/0000-0003-2001-957X NR 3 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 5 BP 604 EP 610 DI 10.1001/jama.288.5.604 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 581FJ UT WOS:000177280200019 PM 12150672 ER PT J AU Petersen, LR Marfin, AA AF Petersen, LR Marfin, AA TI West Nile virus: A primer for the clinician SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK; FEVER OUTBREAK; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; ISRAEL; EPIDEMIC AB This paper provides the clinician with an understanding of the epidemiologic and biological characteristics of West Nile virus in North America, as well as useful information on the diagnosis, reporting, and management of patients with suspected West Nile virus infection and on advising patients about prevention. Information was gathered from the medical literature and from national surveillance data through May 2002. Since the identification of West Nile virus in New York City in 1999, enzootic activity has been documented in 27 states and the District of Columbia. Continued geographic expansion is likely. Overall, one in 150 infections results in severe neurologic illness. Advanced age is by far the most important risk factor for neurologic disease and, once disease develops, for worse clinical outcome. Surveillance has identified 149 persons with West Nile virus-related illness in 10 states. Encephalitis is more commonly reported than meningitis, and concomitant muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis may provide a clinical clue to the presence of West Nile virus infection. Peak incidence occurs in late summer, although onset has occurred from July through December. Immunoglobulin M antibody testing of serum specimens and cerebrospinal fluid is the most efficient method of diagnosis, although cross-reactions are possible in patients recently vaccinated against or recently infected with related flaviviruses. Testing can be arranged through local, state, or provincial (in Canada) health departments. Prevention rests on elimination of mosquito breeding sites; judicious use of pesticides; and avoidance of mosquito bites, including mosquito repellent use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 36 TC 335 Z9 350 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 3 BP 173 EP 179 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 580XP UT WOS:000177262300004 PM 12160365 ER PT J AU Kilbourne, ED Smith, C Brett, I Pokorny, BA Johansson, B Cox, N AF Kilbourne, ED Smith, C Brett, I Pokorny, BA Johansson, B Cox, N TI The total influenza vaccine failure of 1947 revisited: Major intrasubtypic antigenic change can explain failure of vaccine in a post-World War II epidemic SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; VARIANTS AB Although vaccine-induced immunity to influenza A virus is continually challenged by progressively selected mutations in the virus's major antigens (antigenic drift), virus strains within a subtype (e.g., H1N1) are antigenically cross-reactive. Although cross-immunity diminishes as further mutations accumulate, necessitating frequent changes in vaccine strains, older vaccines are usually partially protective. The post-World War 11 epidemic of 1947 is notable for the total failure of a vaccine previously effective in the 1943-44 and 1944-45 seasons. We have combined extensive antigenic characterization of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of the 1943 and 1947 viruses with analysis of their nucleotide and amino acid sequences and have found marked antigenic and amino acid differences in viruses of the two years. Furthermore, in a mouse model, vaccination with the 1943 vaccine had no effect on infection with the 1947 strain. These findings are important, because complete lack of cross-immunogenicity has been found previously only with antigenic shift, in which antigenically novel antigens have been captured by reassortment of human and animal strains, sometimes leading to pandemics. Although the 1947 epidemic lacked the usual hallmarks of pandemic disease, including an extensive increase in mortality, it warns of the possibility that extreme intrasubtypic antigenic variation (if coupled with an increase in disease severity) could produce pandemic disease without the introduction of animal virus antigens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Kilbourne, ED (reprint author), 23 Willard Ave, Madison, CT 06443 USA. NR 23 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 16 BP 10748 EP 10752 DI 10.1073/pnas.162366899 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 582HC UT WOS:000177343200095 PM 12136133 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, CM AF Jorgensen, CM TI Scientific recommendations and human behaviour: sitting out in the sun SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun & Behav Sci Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jorgensen, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun & Behav Sci Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 3 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9330 BP 351 EP 352 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09601-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 580UY UT WOS:000177255600003 PM 12241770 ER PT J AU Brooks, JI Rud, EW Pilon, RG Smith, JM Switzer, WM Sandstrom, PA AF Brooks, JI Rud, EW Pilon, RG Smith, JM Switzer, WM Sandstrom, PA TI Cross-species retroviral transmission from macaques to human beings SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID FOAMY; INFECTION AB Cross-species transmission of simian foamy virus (SFV) to human beings from chimpanzees, baboons, and African green monkeys has been described. Although macaques are the non-human primate most often handled in research, human infection with SFV from macaques has not been reported. Two of 46 primate-facility workers tested positive for antibodies that reacted with an immunoblot that contained macaque foamy virus antigens. Phylogenetic assessment of a 96-bp fragment of amplified proviral DNA isolated from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from one infected individual was consistent with SFV infection of macaque origin. Frequent use of macaques in biomedical research, and identification of persistent retroviral infection from macaques to human beings, could have implications for public-health policy and occupational health and safety. C1 Hlth Canada, Bur HIV AIDS STD & TB, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Hlth Canada, Anim Resource Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. CDC, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sandstrom, PA (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Bur HIV AIDS STD & TB, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RI Rud, Erling/P-5359-2016 OI Rud, Erling/0000-0001-8615-0277 NR 5 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 3 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9330 BP 387 EP 388 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09597-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 580UY UT WOS:000177255600015 PM 12241782 ER PT J AU Dannenberg, AL Quinlisk, P Alkon, E Bera, N Cieslak, PR Davis, JP Kaye, K Paul, SM Rubin, JD Sewell, CM Touma, O AF Dannenberg, AL Quinlisk, P Alkon, E Bera, N Cieslak, PR Davis, JP Kaye, K Paul, SM Rubin, JD Sewell, CM Touma, O TI US medical students' rotations in epidemiology and public health at state and local health departments SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; PREVENTION AB Elective rotations in health departments expose medical students to public health practice and career opportunities in applied epidemiology and preventive medicine. State and county epidemiologists and health officers can serve as excellent role models for medical students. In 2000-2001, the authors identified such electives by consulting medical schools' Web sites and by contacting state epidemiologists, teachers of preventive medicine, and medical school associate deans. The authors found that electives were offered in nine state and five local health departments; these are described in detail. Those electives usually focused on infectious diseases, involved students in outbreak investigations when possible, lasted four-or more weeks, were open to other students and medical residents, and were overseen by a health department preceptor with a medical school-faculty appointment and a commitment to train students. Some electives included more didactic components, encouraged the student to publish a manuscript, or were coordinated by a preventive medicine residency director. The authors observe that health departments can benefit from training enthusiastic medical students via such electives; these students bring fresh ideas to the departments. Medical school catalogs, Web sites, and word of mouth are important means for promoting these electives. Ideally, in the future every medical school will offer a state or local health department elective so that all medical students will become aware of epidemiology and public health career options. The electives reported in this article can help guide additional medical schools and health departments as they initiate such rotations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Prevent Med Residency Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Med & Profess Educ & Training, New York, NY 10013 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Sr Serv, Prevent Med Residency Program, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Prevent Med Residency Program, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. Cabell Huntington Hlth Dept, Huntington, WV USA. RP Dannenberg, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 77 IS 8 BP 799 EP 809 DI 10.1097/00001888-200208000-00009 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 617MJ UT WOS:000179365200008 PM 12176693 ER PT J AU Correa-Oliveira, R Golgher, DB Oliveira, GC Carvalho, OS Massara, CL Caldas, IR Colley, DG Gazzinelli, G AF Correa-Oliveira, R Golgher, DB Oliveira, GC Carvalho, OS Massara, CL Caldas, IR Colley, DG Gazzinelli, G TI Infection with Schistosoma mansoni correlates with altered immune responses to Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Ascaris lumbricoides; Schistosoma mansoni; hookworm; antibodies; PBMC proliferation ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; DIFFERENT CLINICAL FORMS; ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; FASCIOLA-HEPATICA; NECATOR-AMERICANUS; GRANULOMATOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY; CROSS-REACTIVITY; WORM ANTIGENS; IGE RESPONSES AB Studies were performed on humoral and cellular immune responses of patients from areas in Brazil endemic for hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides, and either endemic or non-endemic for Schistosoma mansoni. Humoral and cellular responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation assays against larval hookworm antigens, A. lumbricoides egg antigens, and soluble egg antigens (SEA) or soluble whole adult antigenic preparation (SWAP) from S. mansoni. Patients from S. mansoni-endemic areas, who currently had only hookworm or Ascaris infections, expressed lower humoral and cellular responses to hookworm or Ascaris antigens, respectively, than did their counterparts from areas not endemic for S. mansoni. Individuals from S. mansoni endemic area, although without detectable S. mansoni infection, do mount humoral and cellular responses to SEA and SWAP. This group of individuals has been probably in contact with S. mansoni antigens, since the groups harboring A. lumbricoides or hookworm infections from non-S. mansoni endemic areas do not have detectable anti-S. mansoni responses. PBMC proliferative responses discriminated well between patients with active hookworm infections versus ascariasis, if they were from areas not endemic for S. mansoni. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Lab Immunol Celular & Mol, BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Santa Casa Misericordia Belo Horizonte, Programa Posgradn, BR-30150221 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Correa-Oliveira, R (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Lab Immunol Celular & Mol, Av Augusto Lima 1715 Barro Ptreto, BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RI Oliveira, Guilherme/E-2624-2014 OI Oliveira, Guilherme/0000-0003-0054-3438 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 26505] NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 AR PII S0001-706X(02)00108-0 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00108-0 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 572KN UT WOS:000176773600004 PM 12088853 ER PT J AU Baron, PA Khanina, A Martinez, AB Grinshpun, SA AF Baron, PA Khanina, A Martinez, AB Grinshpun, SA TI Investigation of filter bypass leakage and a test for aerosol sampling cassettes SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLERS; IMPACTION; PARTICLES; AIR AB Plastic filter cassettes (37 and 25 mm), which are press fitted together to seal and hold a filter in place, are commonly used for sampling aerosols. Aerosol bypass leakage around the filter has been reported by several researchers and attempts have been made to test for leakage and to reduce the likelihood of leakage by improving cassette design. Under typical sampling conditions, there is often no indication to the user that leakage may have occurred. In the present study, a particle count leak test was developed that used a particle counter that measured the particle number concentration of ambient aerosol (primarily submicrometer particles) upstream and downstream of the filter cassette. The relationship between leak test results and particle loss from the filter depended on particle size and type in a complex fashion. The mechanisms of particle loss were investigated and the losses increased for particles above 2 mum and were much greater for solid and fume aerosols than for oil droplets. Although the test could not be used to predict particle mass loss during sampling, the test was a sensitive indicator of cassette bypass leakage and was used to establish compression pressures needed for proper assembly of these cassettes. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Baron, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS R7,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 36 IS 8 BP 857 EP 865 DI 10.1080/02786820290038492 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 567PP UT WOS:000176493400001 ER PT J AU Rietmeijer, CA Lansky, A Anderson, JE Fichtner, RR AF Rietmeijer, CA Lansky, A Anderson, JE Fichtner, RR TI The current good should precede the future best: A response to a response SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CONDOM C1 Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Rietmeijer, CA (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth Dept, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 348 EP 350 DI 10.1521/aeap.14.5.348.23868 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 587TL UT WOS:000177658900008 PM 12212721 ER PT J AU Helander, B Olsson, A Bignert, A Asplund, L Litzen, K AF Helander, B Olsson, A Bignert, A Asplund, L Litzen, K TI The role of DDE, PCB, coplanar PCB and eggshell parameters for reproduction in the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; BALD EAGLES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SHELL THICKNESS; HERRING GULL; CONTAMINANTS; TRENDS AB The reproduction of white-tailed sea eagles was monitored in 1964-1999 in 3 differently contaminated sub-populations: Baltic Sea coast (Bp), inland central Sweden (lp) and Lapland (Lp). 249 dead eggs from 205 clutches were obtained for analyses of DDE and PCBs and for eggshell measurements. A desiccation index (D-i) value was calculated for each egg as a measure of water loss through the shell. In the highly contaminated Bp, p,p'-DDE concentrations in the eggs decreased continuously and 5-fold during the study period and PCB concentrations decreased 3-fold from the mid 1980s. The PCB pattern changed slightly over time towards more high-chlorinated congeners but the relative toxicity of the PCB mixture, expressed as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQ), remained constant and TEO can be assumed to have decreased in a similar way as PCB over time. Productivity (P), shell thickness (S-i) shell index (S-i) and D-i increased over time in the Bp but no change in Di or productivity occurred in the Lp, where residue concentrations were 5-8 times lower. P of the Bp was not correlated to S-t or S, but was negatively correlated to Di, DDE and PCB. An S-shaped dose-response relationship was indicated between P and DDE. After 1988, when the PCB/DDE ratio was considerably higher than previously, PCB but not DDE concentrations were significantly higher in eggs with dead embryos as compared to undeveloped eggs, implying lethal concentrations of PCB, and a LOEL of 320 pg 9 1 TEO is suggested for embryo mortality. In a subset of 21 eggs, representing productive and unproductive females, analyzed for a selection of coplanar PCB congeners, tris(4-chlorophenyl) methanol and bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulphone, there was no evidence for a correlation between P and any of these compounds. A reduction in residue concentrations in old females did not lead to increased P or improved D-i-values, indicating a remaining effect from a previous, higher exposure to contaminants. The inability to reproduce included a high rate of undeveloped eggs, indicating effects at a prezygotic stage. P showed the strongest correlation with 131, and Di was most strongly correlated to DDE. Thus, the remaining effect of previous exposure resulted in a stronger correlation to the symptom (D-i) rather than to the suggested causative agent (DDE). LOEL values for depressed P were estimated at 120 mug g(-1) DDE and 500 mug 9(-1) PCB (lipid basis). It is concluded that the major reason for depressed P during the study period was DDE, but that effects also from PCB were largely concealed by the effects from DDE. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Contaminant Res Grp, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, Inst Appl Environm Res, Analyt Environm Chem Lab, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Helander, B (reprint author), Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Contaminant Res Grp, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 97 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 39 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 386 EP 403 DI 10.1639/0044-7447(2002)031[0386:TRODPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 595BA UT WOS:000178085900002 PM 12374047 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Bowman, BA Serdula, MK Khan, LK Kohn, W Woodruff, BA AF Blanck, HM Bowman, BA Serdula, MK Khan, LK Kohn, W Woodruff, BA CA Bhutanese Refugee Invest Grp TI Angular stomatitis and riboflavin status among adolescent Bhutanese refugees living in southeastern Nepal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE stomatitis; folic acid; Nepal; refugees; riboflavin; riboflavin deficiency ID IRON; SUPPLEMENTATION; ZINC AB Background: Between 1990 and 1993, fear of ethnic persecution led 83 000 ethnic Nepalese to flee from Bhutan to refugee camps in Nepal, where they remained at the time of this study. Reported cases of angular stomatitis (AS), ie, thinning or fissuring at the mouth angles, increased 6-fold from December 1998 to March 1999, from 5.5 to 35.6 cases per 1000 per month. This increase came after the removal of a fortified cereal from rations. Objectives: The main objectives were to assess the prevalence of AS and of low concentrations of riboflavin, folate, vitamin B-12, and iron by using biochemical measures; to determine whether riboflavin status was associated with AS; and to assess the potential of AS as a screening measure for low riboflavin concentrations. Design: In October 1999, we performed a survey among a random sample of 463 adolescent refugees in which we conducted interviews and physical examinations and obtained blood specimens for riboflavin assessment. Riboflavin status was assessed with the erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) activity coefficient. After we excluded those adolescents who had taken vitamins during the past month, 369 were eligible for analyses. Results: AS was common (26.8%; 95% CI: 22.3, 31.3), the prevalence of low riboflavin concentrations was high (85.8%; 80.7, 90.9). and riboflavin status was associated with AS. Adolescents with AS had significantly lower riboflavin concentrations than did adolescents without AS (P = 0.02). The adjusted odds ratio for AS and low riboflavin concentrations was 5.1 (1.55, 16.5). Conclusion: Globally, riboflavin deficiency is rare. Its emergence in food-dependent populations can be a harbinger of other B-vitamin deficiencies. C1 CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 430 EP 435 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 577CV UT WOS:000177044900022 PM 12145018 ER PT J AU Rosner, ER Reiss, E Warren, NG Shadomy, HJ Lipman, HB AF Rosner, ER Reiss, E Warren, NG Shadomy, HJ Lipman, HB TI Evaluation of the status of laboratory practices and the need for continuing education in medical mycology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE training; medical mycology; laboratory practice ID INFECTIONS; DISEASES AB A survey to determine the need for training in medical mycology was sent to 605 US laboratories. Training needs were determined by comparing actual laboratory mycology practices with recommended practices, documenting the extent of mycology training reported by employees, and asking respondents to specify the fungi they considered most difficult to identify. The response rate was 56.7% (with only 316 laboratories providing sufficient information). Results showed a large degree of interlaboratory variation in practices and suggested that more judicious practices could lower costs and improve clinical relevance. Only 55.6% of laboratories reported that at least I employee attended a formal mycology continuing education program in the 4 years before the survey. Species of dermatophytes, dematiaceous fungi, and non-Candida yeasts were the most difficult to identify. Training may be needed in basic isolation procedures and in advanced topics such as identification of problematic molds and yeasts and antifungal susceptibility testing. Educators should consider clinical relevance and cost-containment without sacrificing quality when designing courses. Support for additional mycology training may improve if hospital and laboratory administrators are alerted to potential dangers and costs involved in treating patients with invasive fungal infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Washington, DC USA. RP Rosner, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, MS A-16,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 118 IS 2 BP 278 EP 286 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 577KQ UT WOS:000177060400020 PM 12162690 ER PT J AU Gerr, F Letz, R Stokes, L Chettle, D McNeill, F Kaye, W AF Gerr, F Letz, R Stokes, L Chettle, D McNeill, F Kaye, W TI Association between bone lead concentration and blood pressure among young adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; lead exposure; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; children; environmental health; epidemiologic study ID UNITED-STATES POPULATION; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SERUM-LIPIDS; EXPOSURE; HYPERTENSION; WORKERS; ABSORPTION; SMELTER; MEN AB Background Occupational and environmental exposure to lead has been examined for its effect on blood pressure (BP) in adults with varying results. The present analyses assessed the association between bone lead concentration and BP in early adult life in persons exposed during childhood. Methods Study participants included young adult members of two cohorts with different past histories of lead exposure. Lead exposure was assessed using noninvasive K-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to quantify bone lead concentration, an index of long-term lead exposure superior to current blood lead concentration. Systolic and diastolic BP measurements were obtained using conventional clinical methods. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to allow for control of covariates of BP identified a priori. Results Analyses were performed on 508 participants. While controlling for potential confounders, systolic BP was 4.3 mmHg greater among members of the highest of four bone lead concentration groups (> 10 mug Pb/g bone) when compared with the lowest bone lead concentration group (< 1 mugPb/g bone; P = 0.004), and diastolic BP was 2.8 mm Hg greater among members of the highest bone lead concentration group when compared with the lowest bone lead concentration group (P = 0.03). Conclusions These results suggest that substantial lead exposure during childhood can increase BP during young adulthood. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Govt Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Bur Hazardous Mat & Tox Subst, Environm Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerr, F (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM fgerr@sph.emory.edu NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1002/ajim.10096 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 577KC UT WOS:000177059200003 PM 12125085 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Miller, ER Stein, G AF Tokars, JI Miller, ER Stein, G TI New national surveillance system for hemodialysis-associated infections: Initial results SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR ACCESS INFECTIONS; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; BLOOD-STREAM; RISK-FACTORS; OUTPATIENT; CENTERS AB Background: Hemodialysis patients have frequent infections, especially of the vascular access site, and often harbor antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Therefore a voluntary national system was created to monitor and prevent infections in these patients. Methods: From October 1999 to May 2001, participating centers recorded the number of chronic hemodialysis outpatients that were treated (denominator), Several outcome events, including infections of the vascular access site, were monitored, Data were reported on paper forms or via an Internet-based data entry and analysis system. Results: Among 109 participating centers, the vascular access infection rate per 100 patient-months was 3.2 overall and varied markedly by type of vascular access: 0.56 for native arteriovenous fistulas, 1.36 for synthetic arteriovenous grafts, 8.42 for cuffed catheters, and 11.98 for noncuffed catheters. Among 76 dialysis centers reporting at least 200 patient-months of data, 11 had a significantly low and 14 a significantly high rate of vascular access infection. Conclusion: Initial results from the first national project to monitor infections in patients undergoing hemodialysis indicate that vascular access infections were common and that risk varied substantially among different vascular access types and different dialysis centers. These results can be used for quality improvement at individual centers and to help evaluate the efficacy of specific infection control measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Dialysis Surveillance Network, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Dialysis Surveillance Network, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1067/mic.2002.120904 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 584XV UT WOS:000177494800006 PM 12163863 ER PT J AU Jones, CA Agodoa, LY Coresh, J Eberhardt, M Chavers, B AF Jones, CA Agodoa, LY Coresh, J Eberhardt, M Chavers, B TI How to measure the prevalence of microalbuminuria in relation to age and gender? Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ALBUMIN; RATIO C1 Joslin Diabet Ctr, Sect Genet & Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NIDDKD, Div Kidney Urol & Hematol Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Jones, CA (reprint author), Joslin Diabet Ctr, Sect Genet & Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 437 EP 438 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.35150 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 578QN UT WOS:000177129800033 ER PT J AU Porter, DW Millecchia, L Robinson, VA Hubbs, A Willard, P Pack, D Ramsey, D McLaurin, J Khan, A Landsittel, D Teass, A Castranova, V AF Porter, DW Millecchia, L Robinson, VA Hubbs, A Willard, P Pack, D Ramsey, D McLaurin, J Khan, A Landsittel, D Teass, A Castranova, V TI Enhanced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production and damage after inhalation of silica SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE silicosis; fibrosis; oxidant injury; nitrotyrosine ID COAL-WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; FREE-RADICALS; LUNG INJURY; EXPRESSION; CELLS; INFLAMMATION; PARTICLES; CLEARANCE AB In previous reports from this study, measurements of pulmonary inflammation, bronchoalveolar lavage cell cytokine production and nuclear factor-kappaB activation, cytotoxic damage, and fibrosis were detailed. In this study, we investigated the temporal relationship between silica inhalation, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and damage mediated by these radicals in the rat. Rats were exposed to a silica aerosol (15 mg/m(3) silica, 6 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 116 days. We report time-dependent changes in 1) activation of alveolar macrophages and concomitant production of NO and ROS, 2) immunohistochemical localization of inducible NO synthase and the NO-induced damage product nitrotyrosine, 3) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid NOx and superoxide dismutase concentrations, and 4) lung lipid peroxidation levels. The major observations made in this study are as follows: 1) NO and ROS production and resultant damage increased during silica exposure, and 2) the sites of inducible NO synthase activation and NO-mediated damage are associated anatomically with pathological lesions in the lungs. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Porter, DW (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 36 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 283 IS 2 BP L485 EP L493 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00427.2001 PG 9 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 571ZD UT WOS:000176748300031 PM 12114212 ER PT J AU Buchner, D Miles, R AF Buchner, D Miles, R TI Seeking a contemporary understanding of factors that influence physical activity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Study Populat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Buchner, D (reprint author), CDC, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 SU S BP 3 EP 4 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00480-4 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00480-4 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 579MJ UT WOS:000177181500003 PM 12133732 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Hall, HI Uhler, RJ AF Saraiya, M Hall, HI Uhler, RJ TI Sunburn prevalence among adults in the United States, 1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; health surveys; melanoma; primary prevention; skin neoplasm; sunburn; ultraviolet rays ID SUN EXPOSURE; SKIN-CANCER; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK FACTOR; MELANOMA; HEALTH; POPULATION; ATTITUDES; SUNSCREEN; TRENDS AB Background: Exposure to high levels of sunlight, such as a sunburn, is a strong determinant of melanoma risk. Methods: To describe statewide and U.S. estimates of sunburn prevalence in the United States and determine demographic and behavioral predictors of sunburn, we analyzed data from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a population-based telephone survey conducted in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Results: Of 156,354 adults aged greater than or equal to18 years, 31.71% (95% confidence interval, 31.3%-32.1%) reported a sunburn in the past year; of adults aged 18 to 29 years, 57.5% reported such a sunburn. Reporting was highest among white, non-Hispanic males (44.1%), followed by white non-Hispanic females (35.3%), and lowest among black non-Hispanic males and females (5.1% and 5.3%, respectively). Statewide period prevalence of sunburn among whites was highest (>45%) in Wisconsin, Utah, Wyoming, Washington, DC, and Indiana, and lowest (<30%) in Puerto Rico, Arizona, Tennessee, Oklahoma, and New York. Conclusions: Nationwide and statewide skin cancer prevention efforts should target young adults. Periodic monitoring of sunburn is important in evaluating the effectiveness of those efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 AR PII S0749-3197(02)00461-0 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00461-0 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 578KW UT WOS:000177117500003 PM 12121796 ER PT J AU Scott, RD Meltzer, MI Erickson, LJ De Wals, P Rosenstein, NE AF Scott, RD Meltzer, MI Erickson, LJ De Wals, P Rosenstein, NE TI Vaccinating first-year college students living in dormitories for meningococcal disease - An economic analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE economics; cost-benefit analysis; adolescence; universities; meningococcal infections; meningococcal vaccines ID DURATION; QUEBEC; RISK AB Background: Surveillance of meningococcal disease among U.S. College students found an elevated rate of this disease among first-year students living in dormitories. Objective: This study examines the economics of routinely, vaccinating it cohort of 59 1,587 incoming first-year students who will live in dormitories for greater than or equal to1 years. Methods: A cost-benefit model (societal perspective) was constructed to measure the net present value (NPV) of various vaccination scenarios, as well as the cost/case and cost/death averted. Input values included hospitalization costs front $10,924 to $24,030 per hospitalization; immunization costs (vaccine plus administration costs) from $54 to $88 per vaccine; 30 nonfatal, vaccine-preventable cases over a 4-year period (includes 3 With sequelae); 3 premature deaths; value Of human life from $1.2 million to $4.8 million and long-run sequelae costs front $1298 to $14,600. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted on vaccine efficacy (80% to 90%): discount rate (0% to 5%): and coverage, (60% to 100%). Results: The costs of vaccination outweighed the benefits gained with NPVs ranging from -$11 million to -$49 million. The net cost pet, case averted ranged from $0.6 million to $1.9 million. The net cost per death averted ranged front 87 million to $20 million. The break-even costs of vaccination (when NPV = $0) at 60% coverage ranged from $23 (90% vaccine efficacy) to $5 (80%, efficacy). Conclusions: The model showed that the vaccination program is not cost-saving. Key variables influencing the results were the low number of vaccine-preventable cases and the high cost of vaccination. However, from the perspective of students and parents, the cost of vaccination might be worth the real or perceived benefit of reducing the risk to an individual student of developing meningococcal disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Monteregie Reg Dept Publ Hlth, Longveiul, PQ, Canada. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Scott, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 98 EP 105 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00462-2 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00462-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 578KW UT WOS:000177117500004 PM 12121797 ER PT J AU Yusuf, H Adams, M Rodewald, L Lu, PJ Rosenthal, J Legum, SE Santoli, J AF Yusuf, H Adams, M Rodewald, L Lu, PJ Rosenthal, J Legum, SE Santoli, J TI Fragmentation of immunization history among providers and parents of children in selected underserved areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE child; history; immunization; medical records; vaccination ID EMERGENCY AB Objective: We assessed fragmentation of children's immunization history among providers and parents of children aged 12 to 35 months in four selected underserved areas. Study Design: Are probability cluster sample surveys were conducted in 1997-1998 in northern Manhattan, San Diego, Detroit, and rural Colorado. Surveys consisted of face-to-face interviews with parents followed by record checks with all named immunization providers. We used Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations to determine up-to-date (UTD) status with vaccinations. The UTD status for each child was determined in four ways: (1) according to the parent-held immunization records. (2) according to the records of the child's most recent provider, (3) according to the records of the child's second most recent provider, and (4) according to provider and parent-reconciled information. Results: In all four areas, the majority of records of the most recent provider agreed with the reconciled information. However, in all areas, the percentage of children UTD according to provider- and parent-reconciled information was higher than the percentage of children UTD according to information from only the child's most recent provider or from only parent-held immunization records. Across all sites, the percentage of children UTD with the DTP/DTaP vaccine was 2% to 9% lower, according to the most recent provider's information than according to reconciled information. Similar results were seen for other vaccines. The most recent provider not having complete immunization history was significantly associated with not being UTD in New York and having received unnecessary immunizations in San Diego and Detroit. Conclusion: For most children, although the records of the most recent provider give accurate data for clinical decision making, the immunization histories of some children in these underserved areas are fragmented between providers and parents. This can limit the provider's ability to vaccinate children appropriately. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Westat Corp, Hlth Studies Sector, Rockville, MD USA. RP Yusuf, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 106 EP 112 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00463-4 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00463-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 578KW UT WOS:000177117500005 PM 12121798 ER PT J AU Siegel, PZ Qualters, JR Mowery, PD Campostrini, S Leutzinger, C McQueen, DV Blackman, DK AF Siegel, PZ Qualters, JR Mowery, PD Campostrini, S Leutzinger, C McQueen, DV Blackman, DK TI Questionnaire wording on population-based estimates of mammography prevalence - Siegel et al. respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Stat Sci, Padua, Italy. CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Siegel, PZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Mail Stop K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1212 EP 1212 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1212-a PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 578GV UT WOS:000177109800003 ER PT J AU Will, JC Williamson, DF Ford, ES Calle, EE Thun, MJ AF Will, JC Williamson, DF Ford, ES Calle, EE Thun, MJ TI Intentional weight loss and 13-year diabetes incidence in overweight adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; PREVENTION; HEALTH; WOMEN C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Will, JC (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1245 EP 1248 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1245 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 578GV UT WOS:000177109800015 PM 12144977 ER PT J AU Galil, K Pletcher, MJ Wallace, BJ Seward, J Meyer, PA Baughman, AL Wharton, M AF Galil, K Pletcher, MJ Wallace, BJ Seward, J Meyer, PA Baughman, AL Wharton, M TI Tracking varicella deaths: Accuracy and completeness of death certificates and hospital discharge records, New York state, 1989-1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. RP Galil, K (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1248 EP 1250 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1248 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 578GV UT WOS:000177109800016 PM 12144978 ER PT J AU Cannuscio, CC Jones, C Kawachi, I Colditz, GA Berkman, L Rimm, E AF Cannuscio, CC Jones, C Kawachi, I Colditz, GA Berkman, L Rimm, E TI Reverberations of family illness: A longitudinal assessment of informal caregiving and mental health status in the Nurses' Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC STRESS; OLDER ADULTS; WOMEN; WORK; MORTALITY; DISTRESS; MEMBERS; CARE AB Objectives. This study examined the association between caregiving for disabled or ill family members, estimated to occur in more than 22 million US households, and change in mental health. Methods. We assessed 4-year change in mental health among 37 742 Nurses' Health Study participants with the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36. Results. Women who provided 36 or more weekly hours of care to a disabled spouse were almost 6 times more likely than noncaregivers to experience depressive or anxious symptoms (multivariate odds ratio [OR]=5.6; 95% confidence interval [Cl]=3.8, 8.3). Caring for a disabled or ill parent (greater than or equal to36 weekly hours) was associated with a less dramatic elevation in depressive or anxious symptoms (multivariate OR= 2.0; 95% CI=0.9, 4.3). Conclusions. In this population, caregiving was associated with increased risk of depressive or anxious symptoms. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Merck Res Labs, Dept Epidemiol, Blue Bell, PA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Rimm, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Cannuscio, Carolyn/A-1123-2007; Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 40356, R01 CA040356] NR 28 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1305 EP 1311 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1305 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 578GV UT WOS:000177109800027 PM 12144989 ER PT J AU Paul, JP Catania, J Pollack, L Moskowitz, J Canchola, J Mills, T Binson, D Stall, R AF Paul, JP Catania, J Pollack, L Moskowitz, J Canchola, J Mills, T Binson, D Stall, R TI Suicide attempts among gay and bisexual men: Lifetime prevalence and antecedents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE; LESBIAN ADOLESCENTS; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; RISK-FACTORS; ORIENTATION; YOUTH; AIDS; IDENTITY; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH AB Objectives. We examined lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts and psychosocial correlates in a large population-based sample of men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. A telephone probability sample of US urban MSM (n=2881) were interviewed between November 1996 and February 1998. Results. Twenty-one percent had made a suicide plan; 12% had attempted suicide (almost half of those 12% were multiple attempters). Most who attempted suicide made their first attempt before,age 25. Although prevalence of parasuicide (i.e.. attempted suicide) has remained constant across birth cohorts. mean age at initial attempts has declined. Conclusions. MSM are at elevated risk for suicide attempts. with such risk clustered earlier in life. Some risk factors were specific to being gay or bisexual in a hostile environment. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paul, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 74 New Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM jpaul@psg.ucsf.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH42459, MH54320, R01 MH054320] NR 82 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1338 EP 1345 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1338 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 578GV UT WOS:000177109800032 PM 12144994 ER PT J AU Larici, AR Gotway, MB Litt, HI Reddy, GP Webb, WR Gotway, CA Dawn, SK Marder, SR Storto, ML AF Larici, AR Gotway, MB Litt, HI Reddy, GP Webb, WR Gotway, CA Dawn, SK Marder, SR Storto, ML TI Helical CT with sagittal and coronal reconstructions: Accuracy for detection of diaphragmatic injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PENETRATING TORSO TRAUMA; BLUNT TRAUMA; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CHEST RADIOGRAPHS; ACUTE RUPTURE; DIAGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY; LAPAROTOMY; EXPERIENCE; WOUNDS AB OBJECTIVE. The objectives of our study were to determine the accuracy of single-detector helical CT (including coronal and sagittal reconstructions) for the diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic injury, establish measurements for the thickness of the normal diaphragmatic crus, and describe an additional sign of diaphragmatic injury: active arterial extravasation of contrast material at the level of the diaphragm. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The CT scans of 25 patients with surgically proven diaphragmatic injury and 22 patients with surgically confirmed uninjured diaphragms were blindly reviewed by five thoracic radiologists. Sagittal and coronal reconstructions were performed for 20 of the 25 patients with a proven diaphragmatic injury and for all the patients without a diaphragmatic injury. Scans were evaluated for findings suggestive of diaphragmatic injury and for associated injuries. Reviewers scored the usefulness of the reconstructed images for establishing the final diagnosis. Measurements of the right and left crura were performed to establish a threshold measurement that would enable radiologists to discriminate between a normal diaphragm and an injured diaphragm. RESULTS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of helical CT were 84%, 77%, 81%, 81%, and 83%, respectively. Scans showing active arterial extravasation of contrast material enabled reviewers to correctly identify diaphragmatic injury in two patients. Reconstructed images confirmed the correct diagnosis in three patients but supported an incorrect diagnosis in two. The mean thickness of the diaphragmatic crura (right and left) was not significantly greater in patients with an injured diaphragm than in those with an uninjured diaphragm. CONCLUSION. Helical CT shows good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of diaphragmatic injury. Coronal and sagittal reconstructions are of limited use in establishing or refuting this diagnosis. Active arterial extravasation of contrast material near the diaphragm should raise suspicion for injury. Crus measurements cannot be used to reliably distinguish between injured and uninjured diaphragms. C1 San Francisco Gen Hosp, Thorac Imaging Sect, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. SS Annunziata Hosp, Dept Radiol, I-66100 Chieti, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30323 USA. RP Gotway, CA (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Thorac Imaging Sect, 1X 55A,Box 1325,1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 179 IS 2 BP 451 EP 457 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 575EY UT WOS:000176934900026 PM 12130450 ER PT J AU Hanlon, CA Niezgoda, M Rupprecht, CE AF Hanlon, CA Niezgoda, M Rupprecht, CE TI Postexposure prophylaxis for prevention of rabies in dogs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; FAILURE; INFECTION; EXPOSURE; THAILAND; PROTOCOL AB Objective-To evaluate postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in dogs experimentally infected with rabies. Animals-29 Beagles. Procedure-Dogs were sedated and inoculated in the right masseter muscle with a salivary gland homogenate from a naturally infected rabid dog (day 0). Six hours later, 5 dogs were treated by administration of 2 murine anti-rabies glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and commercial vaccine; 5 received mAb alone; 5 received purified, heat-treated, equine rabies immune globulin (PHT-ERIG) and vaccine;, 5 received PHT-ERIG alone, 4 received vaccine alone, and 5 control dogs were not treated. The mAb or PHT-ERIG was administered at the site of rabies virus inoculation. Additional vaccine doses for groups mAb plus vaccine, PHT-ERIG plus vaccine, and vaccine alone were administered IM in the right hind limb on days 3, 7, 14, and 35. Results-All control dogs and dogs that received only vaccine developed rabies. In the PHT-ERIG and vaccine group, 2 of 5 dogs were protected, whereas none were protected with PHT-ERIG alone. Use of mAb alone resulted in protection in 4 of 5 dogs. Administration of mAb in combination with vaccine provided protection in all 5 dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Current national guidelines recommend euthanasia or a 6-month quarantine for unvaccinated animals exposed to rabies. Findings from this study document that vaccine alone following severe exposure was unable to provide protection from rabies. However, vaccine combined with mAb resulted in protection in all treated dogs, revealing the potential use of mAb in PEP against rabies in naive dogs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hanlon, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 63 IS 8 BP 1096 EP 1100 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1096 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 580XG UT WOS:000177261600004 PM 12171160 ER PT J AU Barker, L AF Barker, L TI Barker, L., Rolka, H., Rolka, D., and Brown, C. (2001), "Equivalence testing for binomial random variables: Which test to use?" The American Statistician, 55,279-287: Comment by Martin Andres and Herranz Tejedor and reply SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 56 IS 3 BP 254 EP 254 DI 10.1198/000313002209 PG 1 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 577JP UT WOS:000177058000021 ER PT J AU Maynard, AD AF Maynard, AD TI Thoracic size-selection of fibres: Dependence of penetration on fibre length for five thoracic sampler types SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE fibre; size-selective aerosol sampling; sampler penetration; fibre length classification ID FIBER AB It has been suggested that the non-size-selective sampling methods currently used for fibrous aerosols potentially lead to the presence of large compact particles, agglomerates and fibre clumps in samples, which in turn reduce the accuracy and precision of the manual fibre counting techniques employed to analyse samples. The use of thoracic size-selective samplers has been proposed as an alternative, leading to the prevention of large particles reaching the collection substrate while at the same time bringing fibre sampling into line with general occupational aerosol sampling methodologies. Thoracic samplers should give good agreement with current sampling methods under ideal conditions based on aerodynamic fibre properties. However, the effect of fibre length on sampling efficiency is not known. The sampling efficiency of five thoracic samplers was therefore measured as a function of fibre length for respirable fibres between 10 and 60 mum long. These included the commercially available GK2.69 cyclone and the CATHIA sampler, the IOM thoracic sampler, a modified version of the SIMPEDS cyclone and a modified version of the IOM inhalable sampler. Length-monodisperse fibres were generated using a dielectrophoretic fibre classifier and sampler penetration was measured as a function of fibre length. No length-dependent sampling effects were observed for the CATHIA, GK2.69, modified SIMPEDS and modified IOM inhalable samplers for fibres <60 mum. Data for the IOM thoracic sampler showed a significant trend of reducing sampling efficiency for fibres >30 mum. Overall, the laboratory results indicated that the five sampler types are likely to perform as well as or better than the currently used 25 mm cowled sampler in the field. C1 Hlth & Safety Execut, Hlth & Safety Lab, Sheffield S3 7HQ, S Yorkshire, England. RP Maynard, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, NIOSH,Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mef063 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 588JN UT WOS:000177698500001 PM 12176765 ER PT J AU Arthington-Skaggs, BA Lee-Yang, W Ciblak, MA Frade, JP Brandt, ME Hajjeh, RA Harrison, LH Sofair, AN Warnock, DW AF Arthington-Skaggs, BA Lee-Yang, W Ciblak, MA Frade, JP Brandt, ME Hajjeh, RA Harrison, LH Sofair, AN Warnock, DW CA Candidemia Active Surveillance Grp TI Comparison of visual and spectrophotometric methods of broth microdilution MIC end point determination and evaluation of a sterol quantitation method for in vitro susceptibility testing of fluconazole and itraconazole against trailing and nontrailing Candida isolates SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; ERGOSTEROL CONTENT; INCUBATION-TIME; INOCULUM SIZE; MURINE MODEL; ANTIFUNGAL; VIVO; STANDARDS; VARIABLES AB Visual determination of MIC end points for azole antifungal agents can be complicated by the trailing growth phenomenon. To determine the incidence of trailing growth, we performed testing of in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution M27-A reference procedure and 944 bloodstream isolates of seven Candida spp., obtained through active population-based surveillance between 1998 and 2000. Of 429 C. albicans isolates, 78 (18.2%) showed trailing growth at 48 h in tests with fluconazole, and 70 (16.3%) showed trailing in tests with itraconazole. Of 118 C. tropicalis isolates, 70 (59.3%) showed trailing growth in tests with fluconazole, and 35 (29.7%) showed trailing in tests with itraconazole. Trailing growth was not observed with any of the other five Candida spp. tested (C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, and C. parapsilosis). To confirm whether or not isolates that showed trailing growth in fluconazole and/or itraconazole were resistant in vitro to these agents, all isolates that showed trailing growth were retested by the sterol quantitation method, which measures cellular ergosterol content rather than growth inhibition after exposure to azoles. By this method, none of the trailing isolates was resistant in vitro to fluconazole or itraconazole. For both agents, a 24-h visual end point or a spectrophotometric end point of 50% reduction in growth relative to the growth control after 24 or 48 h of incubation correlated most closely with the result of sterol quantitation. Our results indicate that MIC results determined by either of these end point rules may be more predictive of in vivo outcome for isolates that give unclear visual end points at 48 h due to trailing growth. C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Arthington-Skaggs, BA (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 87 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2477 EP 2481 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2477.2481.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 575VG UT WOS:000176968700024 PM 12121921 ER PT J AU Weigel, LM Anderson, GJ Tenover, FC AF Weigel, LM Anderson, GJ Tenover, FC TI DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Proteus mirabilis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE; CLONING; CLINAFLOXACIN; CIPROFLOXACIN AB Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis were determined by genetic analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, AyrB, parC, and parE. This study included the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 and 29 clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility (MIC, 0.5 to 2 mug/ml) or resistance (MIC, greater than or equal to4 mug/ml) to ciprofloxacin. Susceptibility profiles for ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin were correlated with amino acid changes in the QRDRs. Decreased susceptibility and resistance were associated with double mutations involving both gyrA (S83R or -1) and parC (S80R or -I). Among these double mutants, MICs of ciprofloxacin varied from 1 to 16 mug/ml, indicating that additional factors, such as drug efflux or porin changes, also contribute to the level of resistance. For ParE, a single conservative change of V3641 was detected in seven strains. An unexpected result was the association of gyrB mutations with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in 12 of 20 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Changes in GyrB included S464Y (six isolates), S464F (three isolates), and E466D (two isolates). A three-nucleotide insertion, resulting in an additional lysine residue between K455 and A456, was detected in gyrB of one strain. Unlike any other bacterial species analyzed to date, mutation of gyrB appears to be a frequent event in the acquisition of fluoroquinolone resistance among clinical isolates of P. mirabilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHQP, Anti Infect Sect G 08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weigel, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHQP, Anti Infect Sect G 08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2582 EP 2587 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2582-2587.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 575VG UT WOS:000176968700039 PM 12121936 ER PT J AU Hanes, DE Worobo, RW Orlandi, PA Burr, DH Miliotis, MD Robl, MG Bier, JW Arrowood, MJ Churey, JJ Jackson, GJ AF Hanes, DE Worobo, RW Orlandi, PA Burr, DH Miliotis, MD Robl, MG Bier, JW Arrowood, MJ Churey, JJ Jackson, GJ TI Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in fresh apple cider by UV irradiation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICE AB This study evaluated the efficacy of UV irradiation on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium pan,urn oocysts in fresh apple cider. Cider was inoculated with oocysts and exposed to 14.32 mJ of UV irradiation/cm(2). Oocyst viability was assessed with the gamma interferon gene knockout (GKO) mouse and infant BALB/cByJ mouse models. All GKO mice challenged with UV-treated cider demonstrated no morbidity or mortality, and infant BALB/c mice challenged with treated cider were negative for the presence of C. parvum. In contrast, the GKO mice challenged with non-UV-treated inoculated cider died and the parasite was detected in the ileums of all challenged infant mice. This study shows that UV irradiation can be used to inactivate C. par,tan in fresh apple cider. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hanes, DE (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RI Worobo, Randy/D-8779-2014 NR 27 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 8 BP 4168 EP 4172 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.8.4168-4172.2002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 580WV UT WOS:000177260500071 PM 12147528 ER PT J AU Bridges, SL Jenq, G Moran, M Kuffner, T Whitworth, WC McNicholl, J AF Bridges, SL Jenq, G Moran, M Kuffner, T Whitworth, WC McNicholl, J TI Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor receptor genes - Definition of novel haplotypes and racial/ethnic differences SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TNF RECEPTOR; MICROSATELLITE POLYMORPHISMS; P55 GENE; PROMOTER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; REGION; CAUCASIANS; SEVERITY AB Objective. To characterize allele frequencies of known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) genes in African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), healthy African Americans, and healthy Caucasians. Methods. One TNFRSF1B SNP (196 G/T) that influences susceptibility to familial RA in Caucasians and 3 SNPs in the 5' flanking region of the TNFRSF1A gene (-609G/T, -580A/G,. and -383A/C) were genotyped in 108 African Americans with RA, 62 healthy African Americans, and 59 healthy Caucasians. Results. There were no differences in TNFRSF1A allele frequencies between African Americans with RA and healthy African Americans. Allele frequencies were strikingly different, however, between healthy African Americans and healthy Caucasians: 0 1 13 versus 0.42 for -609T, 0.49 versus 0 for -580G, and 0.14 versus 0 for -383C. We identified 4 novel haplotypes defined by the 3 TNFRSF1A SNPs, the distribution of which was markedly different in healthy Caucasians and healthy African Americans (P = 0.000001 by chi-square test). The frequencies of the TNFRSF1B 196 genotypes were similar in African Americans with RA and healthy African Americans but differed between healthy African Americans and healthy Caucasians (P = 0.05). Conclusion. Although we observed no associations between known TNFR SNPs or haplotypes and RA, significant racial differences were observed at both loci. Comparison of these data with other published frequencies of TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B genotypes according to race suggests that the distribution in African American, Caucasian, and Asian populations differs significantly. These striking racial/ethnic differences in TNFR SNP frequencies may influence the likelihood of familial RA, severe disease, or response to TNF inhibitors and may have important evolutionary implications. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bridges, SL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, 415 Lyons Harrison Res Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. OI Lerew, Molly/0000-0002-1236-2450 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [5-R01-AR-44384] NR 18 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2045 EP 2050 DI 10.1002/art.10463 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 583WB UT WOS:000177432800010 PM 12209507 ER PT J AU Bartley, DL Ogden, T Song, R AF Bartley, DL Ogden, T Song, R TI Frequency distributions from birth, death, and creation processes SO BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE birth; death; creation; surname; skewed distribution; Zipf; Pareto; power-law; Kummer; Bateman ID ISONYMY; SURNAMES; DISTANCE AB The time-dependent frequency distribution of groups of individuals versus group size was investigated within a continuum approximation, assuming a simplified individual growth. death and creation model. The analogy of the system to a physical fluid exhibiting both convection and diffusion was exploited in obtaining various solutions to the distribution equation. A general solution was approximated through the application of a Green's function. More specific exact solutions were also found to be useful. The solutions were continually checked against the continuum approximation through extensive simulation of the discrete system. Over limited ranges of group size, the frequency distributions v ere shogun to closely exhibit a power-law dependence on group size. as found in many realizations of this type of system, ranging from colonies of mutated bacteria to the distribution of surnames in a given population. As an example, the modeled distributions were successfully fit to the distribution of surnames in several countries by adjusting the parameters specifying growth. death and creation rates. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bartley, DL (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-2647 J9 BIOSYSTEMS JI Biosystems PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 179 EP 191 AR PII S0303-2647(02)00053-9 DI 10.1016/S0303-2647(02)00053-9 PG 13 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 636VC UT WOS:000180477100005 PM 12413748 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Homa, DM Redd, SC AF Mannino, DM Homa, DM Redd, SC TI Involuntary smoking and asthma severity in children - Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; children; tobacco smoke pollution ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; PASSIVE SMOKING; PARENTAL SMOKING; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; UNITED-STATES; US POPULATION; EXPOSURE; COTININE AB Study objectives: We sought to determine the indicators of asthma severity among children in the United States with high and low levels of tobacco smoke exposure. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Nationally representative survey of participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (from 1988 to 1994). Participants. Five hundred twenty-three children with physician-diagnosed asthma. Measurements and results: We stratified the study participants into tertiles on the basis of serum levels of cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine that indicates tobacco smoke exposure). We used logistic and linear regression modeling, adjusting for known covariates, to determine the effect of high environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the following outcomes: asthma severity (determined using reported symptom and respiratory illness frequency); lung function; physician P visits; and school absence. Among our study sample, 78.6% of children had mild asthma, 6.8% of children bad moderate asthma, and 14.6% of children had severe asthma. Asthmatic children with high levels of smoke exposure, compared with those with low levels of exposure, were more likely to have moderate or severe asthma (odds ratio, 2.7 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 6.8) and decreased lung function, with a mean FEV1 decrement of 213 mL or 8.1% (95% CI, -14.7 to - 3.5). Conclusions: Involuntary smoke exposure is associated with increased asthma severity and worsened lung function in a nationally representative group of US children with asthma. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 29 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2002 VL 122 IS 2 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1378/chest.122.2.409 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 584CJ UT WOS:000177449400009 PM 12171810 ER PT J AU Panlilio, AL Burwen, DR Curtis, AB Srivastava, PU Bernardo, J Catalano, MT Mendelson, MH Nicholas, P Pagano, W Sulis, C Onorato, IM Chamberland, ME AF Panlilio, AL Burwen, DR Curtis, AB Srivastava, PU Bernardo, J Catalano, MT Mendelson, MH Nicholas, P Pagano, W Sulis, C Onorato, IM Chamberland, ME CA Tuberculin Skin Testing Surveillan TI Tuberculin skin testing surveillance of health care personnel SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES; NOSOCOMIAL TUBERCULOSIS; WORKERS; INFECTION; RISK; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; SENSITIVITY; CONVERSION AB To estimate the incidence of and assess risk factors for occupational Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission to health care personnel (HCP) in 5 New York City and Boston health care facilities, performance of prospective tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) was conducted from April 1994 through October 1995. Two-step testing was used at the enrollment of 2198 HCP with negative TST results. Follow-up visits were scheduled for every 6 months. Thirty (1.5%) of 1960 HCP with greater than or equal to1 follow-up evaluation had TST conversion (that is, an increase in TST induration of greater than or equal to10 mm). Independent risk factors for TST conversion were entering the United States after 1991 and inclusion in a tuberculosis-contact investigation in the workplace. These findings suggest that occupational transmission of M. tuberculosis occurred, as well as possible nonoccupational transmission or late boosting among foreign-born HCP who recently entered the United States. These results demonstrate the difficulty in interpreting TST results and estimating conversion rates among HCP, especially when large proportions of foreign-born HCP are included in surveillance. C1 CDCP, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Boston City Hosp, Boston Dept Hlth & Hosp, TB Program, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Panlilio, AL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-68,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1086/341303 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 573QA UT WOS:000176841300001 PM 12115085 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Beall, B Barrett, NL Cieslak, PR Reingold, A Farley, MM Danila, R Zell, ER Facklam, R Schwartz, B Schuchat, A AF O'Brien, KL Beall, B Barrett, NL Cieslak, PR Reingold, A Farley, MM Danila, R Zell, ER Facklam, R Schwartz, B Schuchat, A CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Epidemiology of invasive group A Streptococcus disease in the United States, 1995-1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; EXTRACELLULAR CYSTEINE PROTEASE; EMM GENE-SEQUENCES; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNCOMPLICATED PHARYNGITIS; WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA; INTERMOUNTAIN AREA; NURSING-HOME AB Severe invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease is believed to have reemerged during the past 10-20 years. We conducted active, laboratory, population-based surveillance in 5 US states (total population, 13,214,992). From 1 July 1995 through 31 December 1999, we identified 2002 episodes of invasive GAS (3.5 cases per 100,000 persons). Rates varied by age (higher among those <2 or &GE;65 years old), surveillance area, and race (higher among black individuals) but did not increase during the study period. The 5 most common emm types (1, 28, 12, 3, and 11) accounted for 49.2% of isolates; newly characterized emm types accounted for 8.9% of isolates. Older age; presence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, meningitis, or pneumonia; and infection with emm1 or emm3 were all independent predictors of death. We estimate that 9600-9700 cases of invasive GAS disease occur in the United States each year, resulting in 1100-1300 deaths. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emerging Infect Program, Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Oregon Dept Human Resources, Hlth Div, Emerging Infect Programs, Portland, OR USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 59 TC 240 Z9 247 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 268 EP 276 DI 10.1086/341409 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 573QA UT WOS:000176841300008 PM 12115092 ER PT J AU Spaulding, A Stephenson, B Macalino, G Ruby, W Clarke, JG Flanigan, TP AF Spaulding, A Stephenson, B Macalino, G Ruby, W Clarke, JG Flanigan, TP TI Human immunodeficiency virus in correctional facilities: A review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; MALE PRISONERS; HEALTH-CARE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INCARCERATED PERSONS; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; ADHERENCE; SERVICES; INMATES AB It is estimated that up to one-fourth of the people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States pass through a correctional facility each year. The majority of persons who enter a correctional facility today will return home in the near future. Most inmates with HIV infection acquire it in the outside community; prison does not seem to be an amplifying reservoir. How correctional health services deal with the HIV-infected person has important implications to the overall care of HIV-infected people in the community. Routine HIV testing is well accepted. Combination antiretroviral therapy has been associated with a reduction in mortality in prisons. A link between area HIV specialists and correctional health care providers is an important partnership for ensuring that HIV-infected patients have optimal care both inside prison and after release. C1 CDCP, Correct & Substance Abuse Unit, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Brown Univ, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Spaulding, A (reprint author), CDCP, Correct & Substance Abuse Unit, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1086/341418 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 573QA UT WOS:000176841300014 PM 12115097 ER PT J AU Havlak, R Gorman, SE Adams, SA AF Havlak, R Gorman, SE Adams, SA TI Challenges associated with creating a pharmaceutical stockpile to respond to a terrorist event SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review DE stockpile; terrorism; emergency; pharmaceuticals ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; ANTHRAX AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was called into action to develop a National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS). The NPS was created to respond to terrorism events involving blast, chemical and biological agents. There are many challenges associated with creating, managing and using such an asset. This paper provides a helpful background for clinicians and those planning to develop pharmaceutical and/or medical materiel stockpiles for national use. It also describes major challenges and offers suggestions for meeting those challenges. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Pharmaceut Stockpile Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gorman, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Pharmaceut Stockpile Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00498.x PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 588GU UT WOS:000177694400011 PM 12197875 ER PT J AU Moss, M Mannino, DM AF Moss, M Mannino, DM TI Race and gender differences in acute respiratory distress syndrome deaths in the United States: An analysis of multiple-cause mortality data (1979-1996) SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adult; acute respiratory distress syndrome; lung diseases; mortality; race; gender; pneumonia; sepsis; trauma ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; INTENSIVE-CARE; SYNDROME ARDS; RISK; SURVIVAL; FAILURE; SARCOIDOSIS; OUTCOMES; AMERICAN AB Objective: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical disorder that affects critically ill patients with a wide variety of underlying illnesses. Presently, there is limited population-based information concerning both the impact of ARDS on mortality; and the effects of race and gender on national ARDS mortality rates: In this study; we have attempted to evaluate trends over an 18-yr period in deaths associated with ARDS in the United States. Design: Case series. Patients: The Multiple-Cause Mortality Files compiled by the National Center: for Health Statistics from 1979-1996 contains information on 38,263,780 decedents: We identified 333,004 decedents who had ARDS. Measurements and Main Results: We calculated age-adjusted annual ARDS mortality rates. The annual age-adjusted mortality rate for ARDS initially increased from 1979 (5.0 deaths per 100,000 individuals) to 1993 (8.1 deaths per 100,000 individuals). From 1993 to 1996, the mortality rate for ARDS decreased significantly to 7.4 deaths per 100,000 individuals. Annual ARDS mortality rates have been continuously higher for men when compared with women and for African-Americans when compared with white decedents and decedents of other racial backgrounds. When decedents were stratified by race and gender, African-American men had the highest ARDS mortality rates in comparison to all other subgroups (mean annual mortality rate of 12.8 deaths per 100,000 African-American men). Conclusions: Although the annual ARDS mortality rate is slowly declining in the United States, significant race and gender differences in ARDS mortality exist. C1 CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Dept Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moss, M (reprint author), Grady Mem Hosp, Suite 2C007,69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01-AA11660-01A2] NR 39 TC 94 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1679 EP 1685 DI 10.1097/00003246-200208000-00001 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 584GX UT WOS:000177459800001 PM 12163776 ER PT J AU Mervis, CA Boyle, CA Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Mervis, CA Boyle, CA Yeargin-Allsopp, M TI Prevalence and selected characteristics of childhood vision impairment SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; NORDIC REGISTERS; CHILDREN; BLINDNESS; ETIOLOGY AB The objective of this study was to examine the descriptive epidemiology of vision impairment among 6- to 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Children with vision impairment (n=310; 42% black, 56% white; 57% male, 43% female), defined as a best corrected visual acuity in the better eye of 20/70 or worse, were identified through the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program. The overall prevalence was 10.7 per 10 000 children. Fifty-nine percent had low vision; nearly two-thirds had coexisting disabilities. Educational program varied by vision impairment severity and presence of coexisting disabilities. The common presence of coexisting disabilities emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary services. The inclusion of case ascertainment sources other than vision impairment classes is critical to ensure an accurate prevalence rate and unbiased description of children with vision impairment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mervis, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-15, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 538 EP 541 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 587GK UT WOS:000177632000007 PM 12206620 ER PT J AU Saaddine, JB Fagot-Campagna, A Rolka, D Narayan, KMV Geiss, L Eberhardt, M Flegal, KM AF Saaddine, JB Fagot-Campagna, A Rolka, D Narayan, KMV Geiss, L Eberhardt, M Flegal, KM TI Distribution of HbA(1c) levels for children and young adults in the US - Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; INDIAN CHILDREN; GHB HBA(1C); POPULATION; GLUCOSE; ASSOCIATION; ADOLESCENTS; RISK AB OBJECTIVE- To describe the distribution of HbA(1c) levels among children and young adults in the U.S. and to evaluate the effects of age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parental history of diabetes, overweight, and serum glucose on HbA(1c) levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- we analyzed HbA(1c) data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, for 7,968 participants aged 5-24 years who had not been treated for diabetes. After adjusting for the complex sample design, we compared the distributions of HbA(1c) in subgroups and developed multiple linear regression models to examine factors associated with HbA(1c). RESULTS- Mean HbA(1c) level was 4.99% (SD 0.50%) and varied from 4.93% (95% CI +/- 0.04) in non-Hispanic whites to 5.05% (+/- 0.02) in Mexican-Americans to 5.17% ( 0.02) in non-Hispanic blacks. There were very small differences among subgroups. Within each age-group, among men and women, among over-weight and nonoverweight subjects, and at any level of education, mean HbA(1c) levels were higher in non-Hispanic blacks than in non-Hispanic whites. After adjusting for confounders, HbA(1c) levels for non-Hispanic blacks (5.15%, 95% CI +/- 0.04) and Mexican-Americans (5.01%, +/- 0.04) were higher than those for non-Hispanic whites (4.93%, +/- 0.04). CONCLUSIONS- These data provide national reference levels for HbA(1c) distributions among Americans aged 5-24 years and show statistically significant racial/ethnic differences in HbA(1c) levels that are not completely explained by demographic and health-related variables. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saaddine, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS-K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 30 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1326 EP 1330 DI 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1326 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UB UT WOS:000185504100010 PM 12145229 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Lee, K Mauel, M Gusa, A AF Massung, RF Lee, K Mauel, M Gusa, A TI Characterization of the rRNA genes of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophila SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP; IMMUNOREACTIVE PROTEIN; RICKETTSIA-PROWAZEKII; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MICROBIAL PATHOGENS AB The rRNA genes of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophila have been analyzed. The 16S rRNA genes were previously characterized for both of these agents. Southern hybridization was used to show that there are single copies of both the 16S and 23S rRNA genes in the genomes of each organism, and that the 16S rRNA genes were upstream from the 23S rRNA genes by at least 16 and 11 Kb for E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophila, respectively. PCR amplification and gene walking was used to sequence the 23S and 5S rRNA genes, and show that these genes are contiguous and are likely expressed as a single operon. The level of homology between the E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophila 23S and 5S rRNA genes, and 23S-5S spacers, was 91.8, 81.5, and 40%, respectively. To confirm the hybridization data, genome walking was used to sequence downstream of the 16S rRNA genes, and although no tRNA genes were identified, open reading frames encoding homologues of the Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase, subunit C, were found in both E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophila. Phylogenetic analysis using the 23S rRNA gene suggests that reorganization of the phylum Proteobacteria by division of the class Alphaproteobacteria into two separate subclasses, may be appropriate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 59 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 8 BP 587 EP 596 DI 10.1089/104454902320308960 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 584XC UT WOS:000177493200006 PM 12215262 ER PT J AU Ho, AY Lopez, AS Eberhart, MG Levenson, R Finkel, BS da Silva, AJ Roberts, JM Orlandi, PA Johnson, CC Herwaldt, BL AF Ho, AY Lopez, AS Eberhart, MG Levenson, R Finkel, BS da Silva, AJ Roberts, JM Orlandi, PA Johnson, CC Herwaldt, BL TI Outbreak of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION AB An outbreak of cyclosporiasis occurred in attendees of a wedding reception held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 10, 2000. In a retrospective cohort study, 54 (68.4%) of the 79 interviewed guests and members of the wedding party met the case definition. The wedding cake, which had a cream filling that included raspberries, was the food item most strongly associated with illness (multivariate relative risk, 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.6 to 10.5). Leftover cake was positive for Cyclospora DNA by polymerase chain reaction analyses. Sequencing of the amplified fragments confirmed that the organism was Cyclospora cayetanensis. The year 2000 was the fifth year since 1995 that outbreaks of cyclosporiasis definitely or probably associated with Guatemalan raspberries have occurred in the spring in North America. Additionally, this is the second documented U.S. outbreak, and the first associated with raspberries, for which Cyclospora has been detected in the epidemiologically implicated food item. C1 Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Ho, AY (reprint author), Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, 500 S Broad St,2nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. EM Alicc.Ho@phila.gov NR 16 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 783 EP 788 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 580NG UT WOS:000177240200005 PM 12141962 ER PT J AU Epstein, SL Tumpey, TM Misplon, JA Lo, CY Cooper, LA Subbarao, K Renshaw, M Sambhara, S Katz, JM AF Epstein, SL Tumpey, TM Misplon, JA Lo, CY Cooper, LA Subbarao, K Renshaw, M Sambhara, S Katz, JM TI DNA vaccine expressing conserved influenza virus proteins protective against H5N1 challenge infection in mice SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; HONG-KONG; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; HETEROLOGOUS PROTECTION; CROSS-PROTECTION; DEFICIENT MICE; T-CELLS; HUMANS; HEMAGGLUTININ; CD8(+) AB Influenza vaccination practice, which is based on neutralizing antibodies, requires being able to predict which viral strains will be circulating. If an unexpected strain, as in the 1997 H5N1 Hong Kong outbreak, or even a pandemic emerges, appropriate vaccines may take too long to prepare. Therefore, strategies based on conserved influenza antigens should be explored. We studied DNA vaccination in mice with plasmids expressing conserved nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix (M) from an H1N1 virus. After vaccination, mice were challenged with A/H5N1 viruses of low, intermediate, and high lethality. A/NP+A/M DNA vaccination reduced replication of A/Hong Kong/486/97 (HK/486), a nonlethal H5N1 strain, and protected against lethal challenge with more virulent A/Hong Kong/156/97 (HK/156). After HK/156 exposure, mice survived rechallenge with A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK/483), although the DNA vaccination alone protected poorly against this highly virulent strain. In the absence of antigenically matched hemagglutinin-based vaccines, DNA vaccination with conserved influenza genes may provide a useful first line of defense against a rapidly spreading pandemic virus. C1 US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. United States Dept Agri, Athens, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Epstein, SL (reprint author), US FDA, CBER, OTRR, DCGT, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-521, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 41 TC 120 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 796 EP 801 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 580NG UT WOS:000177240200007 PM 12141964 ER PT J AU Oliveira, MI Rota, PA Curti, SP Figueiredo, CA Afonso, AMS Theobaldo, M Souza, LTM Liffick, SL Bellini, WJ Moraes, JC Stevien, KE Durigon, EL AF Oliveira, MI Rota, PA Curti, SP Figueiredo, CA Afonso, AMS Theobaldo, M Souza, LTM Liffick, SL Bellini, WJ Moraes, JC Stevien, KE Durigon, EL TI Genetic homogeneity of measles viruses associated with a measles outbreak, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1997 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENOTYPES; IDENTIFICATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; ELIMINATION; ARGENTINA; DIVERSITY; EPIDEMIC; AMERICA; STATES AB During a resurgence of measles in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1997, >40,000 cases (peak incidence rate of 246/100,000 inhabitants) and 42 measles-related deaths were reported. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing were used to analyze specimens from patients who had typical clinical measles infection during this outbreak and from six patients who had had measles in 1995 and 1996. Although wild-type measles viruses (genotypes D5 and D6) were present in Sao Paulo before this resurgence, we detected only D6 viruses. The genotype D6 viruses isolated during this outbreak had identical sequences to genotype D6 viruses isolated in other parts of Brazil and South America in 1997 and 1998, suggesting that a single chain of transmission was responsible. We also identified genotype A viruses in two vaccine-associated cases from 1995 and 1996. Our findings extend the knowledge of the circulation patterns of measles virus in South America, contributing to measles control efforts in the Americas. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Epidemiol Surveillance, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Inst Biomed Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, MS C22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Oliveira, Maria /H-4716-2012 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 808 EP 813 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 580NG UT WOS:000177240200009 PM 12141966 ER PT J AU Olsen, CW Brammer, L Easterday, BC Arden, N Belay, E Baker, I Cox, NJ AF Olsen, CW Brammer, L Easterday, BC Arden, N Belay, E Baker, I Cox, NJ TI Serologic evidence of H1 swine influenza virus infection in swine farm residents and employees SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; PIGS; EVOLUTION; REASSORTMENT AB We evaluated seropositivity to swine and human H1 influenza viruses in 74 swine farm owners, employees, their family members, and veterinarians in rural south-central Wisconsin, compared with 114 urban Milwaukee, Wisconsin, residents. The number of swine farm participants with positive serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers greater than or equal to40 to swine influenza viruses (17/74) was significantly higher (p<0.001) than the number of seropositive urban control samples (1/114). The geometric mean serum HI antibody titers to swine influenza viruses were also significantly higher (p<0.001) among the farm participants. Swine virus seropositivity was significantly (p<0.05) associated with being a farm owner or a farm family member, living on a farm, or entering the swine barn greater than or equal to4 days/week. Because pigs can play a role in generating genetically novel influenza viruses, swine farmers may represent an important sentinel population to evaluate the emergence of new pandemic influenza viruses. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Olsen, CW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 37 TC 94 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 814 EP 819 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 580NG UT WOS:000177240200010 PM 12141967 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, AF Dannenberg, AL AF Kaufmann, AF Dannenberg, AL TI Age as a risk factor for cutaneous human anthrax: Evidence from Haiti, 1973-1974 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaufmann, AF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 874 EP 875 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 580NG UT WOS:000177240200026 PM 12141982 ER PT J AU Redd, SC AF Redd, SC TI Asthma in the United States: Burden and current theories SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; epidemiology; hygiene; incidence; indoor environment; obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FAMILY-SIZE; WEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; ADULTS; RISK AB Asthma has emerged as a major public health problem in the United States over the past 20 years. Currently, nearly 15 million Americans have asthma, including almost 5 million children. The number of asthma cases has more than doubled since 1980. Approximately 5,500 persons die from asthma each year, and rates have increased over the past 20 years. Rates of death, hospitalization, and emergency department visits are 2-3 times higher among African Americans than among white Americans. The costs of asthma have also increased to $12.7 billion in 1998. Both lifestyle and environmental hypotheses have been invoked to explain the increase in asthma prevalence. Several studies have examined the relationship of obesity and asthma and found associations suggesting that obesity predisposes to the development of asthma. Some studies have found that day care attendance and having older siblings protect against the development of asthma. This observation has led investigators to hypothesize that increased exposure to microbial agents might protect against asthma (the hygiene hypothesis). Environmental exposures found to predispose to asthma include house dust mite allergen and environmental tobacco smoke. Although current knowledge does not permit definitive conclusions about the causes of asthma onset, better adherence to current recommendations for medical therapy and environmental management of asthma would reduce the burden of this disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Redd, SC (reprint author), CDC, 6 Execut Pk Dr,Bldg 6,Room 1019, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 28 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 SU 4 BP 557 EP 560 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 586ER UT WOS:000177572100008 PM 12194886 ER PT J AU White, MC Berger-Frank, SA Middleton, DC Falk, H AF White, MC Berger-Frank, SA Middleton, DC Falk, H TI Addressing community concerns about asthma and air toxics SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; air pollutants; environmental; epidemiology; hazardous waste sites; odors; population surveillance ID TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; LUNG-DISEASES; POLLUTION; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURES; CHILDREN AB People with asthma who live near or downwind from a source of toxic emissions commonly express concerns about the possible impact of hazardous air pollution on their health, especially when these emissions are visible or odorous. Citizens frequently turn to their local and state health departments for answers, but health departments face many challenges in addressing these concerns. These challenges include a lack of asthma statistics at the local level, limited exposure information, and a paucity of scientific knowledge about the contributions of hazardous air pollutants to asthma induction or exacerbation. Health agencies are creatively developing methods to address these challenges while working toward improving asthma surveillance data at the state and local levels. Recent community health investigations suggest that hazardous air pollutants that are occupational asthmagens or associated with odors may deserve more attention. In seeking to address community concerns about hazardous air pollution and asthma, community health investigations may also help to fill gaps in our scientific knowledge and identify areas for further research or environmental intervention. The solutions to community problems associated with environmental contamination and asthma, however, require sustained, coordinated efforts by public and private groups and citizens. Public health agencies can make a unique contribution to this effort, but additional resources and support will be required to develop information systems and epidemiologic capacity at the state and local levels. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Off Assistant Administrator, Atlanta, GA USA. RP White, MC (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 SU 4 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 586ER UT WOS:000177572100009 PM 12194887 ER PT J AU Reutman, SR LeMasters, GK Knecht, EA Shukla, R Lockey, JE Burroughs, GE Kesner, JS AF Reutman, SR LeMasters, GK Knecht, EA Shukla, R Lockey, JE Burroughs, GE Kesner, JS TI Evidence of reproductive endocrine effects in women with occupational fuel and solvent exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; estrogen; fuel; hydrocarbon; luteinizing hormone; military; progesterone; reproduction; solvent ID AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BREATH MEASUREMENTS; GENOTOXIC CHANGES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; JET FUEL; TOLUENE; WORKERS; STRESS; URINE AB Hydrocarbons (HCs) found in fuels and solvents are ubiquitous in the environment, yet we know little about their effects on the endocrine system. The objective of this study was to assess the potential reproductive endocrine effects of low-dose HCs encountered by female U.S. Air Force personnel with fuel (primarily JP-8 jet fuel) and solvent exposures (n = 63). We estimated the internal dose of HCs in fuels and solvents by measuring their levels in exhaled breath, including the sum of aliphatic HCs (C6H14-C16H34) and the sum of aromatic HCs (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and m,p,o-xylenes). Adverse outcome measures included urinary endocrine markers that have been associated with nonconceptive (vs. conceptive) menstrual cycles in ovulatory women: lower preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) and mid-luteal phase pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) and estrone 3-glucuronide, and higher follicle phase Pd3G. We also obtained reproductive and exposure information from baseline questionnaires and daily diaries. Toluene was the most frequently found analyte in the breath, with values up to 52.0 ppb, and benzene breath levels were up to 97.5 ppb. Regression analysis revealed that preovulatory LH levels were significantly lower (p = 0.007) among women whose total aliphatic HC levels were above the median. The relationship between elevated aliphatic HC exposure and lowered preovulatory LH levels in the present study suggests that compounds in fuels and some solvents may act as reproductive endocrine disruptors. Confirmation of these findings is needed, not only to determine if fuel and solvent exposure may impact other LH-dependent physiologic functions but also to examine effects of fuels and solvents on conception. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Reutman, SR (reprint author), 104 Pk Ave, Elsmere, KY 41018 USA. RI Reutman, Susan/C-2459-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1P30ES06096] NR 37 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 IS 8 BP 805 EP 811 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 583FK UT WOS:000177395900036 PM 12153763 ER PT J AU Herikstad, H Motarjemi, Y Tauxe, RV AF Herikstad, H Motarjemi, Y Tauxe, RV TI Salmonella surveillance: a global survey of public health serotyping SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID EAT SAVOURY SNACK; UNITED-STATES; AGONA INFECTION; TYPHIMURIUM; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; TYPHI AB To better understand the global epidemiology of salmonellosis and the national surveillance programmes used for salmonella infections in humans, we conducted a global survey of the 191 WHO Member States. We gathered information on the total number of salmonella isolates serotyped, and the 15 most commonly isolated serotypes from humans in 1990 and 1995. Of the 104 countries that responded, 76 (73.1 %) conducted public health surveillance for salmonella and 69 of these (90.8 %) conducted serotyping as part of the surveillance. Fifty-nine countries (56.7% of those responding) provided information about the most commonly isolated serotypes in 1995. Three serotypes, Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Typhi accounted for 76.1 % of all isolates reported in 1995. One of these three was the most common serotype identified in 93.2 % of countries reporting data for that year. In 1995, Enteritidis was the most frequently isolated serotype in 35 countries, followed by Typhi (12 countries) and Typhimurium (8 countries). The global pandemic of Salmonella Enteritidis continued to expand. The mean national proportion of all salmonella isolates that were Enteritidis increased globally from 25.6 % in 1990 to 36.3 % in 1995. Serotyping is a frequently used component of a public health response to the global challenge of salmonellosis. Support for serotyping as part of national salmonella surveillance, and for rapid international communication of the results via a new WHO electronic website will help target future prevention strategies. C1 CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Div Food Safety & Food Aid, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 169 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 129 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1017/S0950268802006842 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 586VQ UT WOS:000177607200001 PM 12211575 ER PT J AU Herikstad, H Yang, S Van Gilder, TJ Vugia, D Hadler, J Blake, P Deneen, V Shiferaw, B Angulo, FJ AF Herikstad, H Yang, S Van Gilder, TJ Vugia, D Hadler, J Blake, P Deneen, V Shiferaw, B Angulo, FJ CA FoodNet Working Grp TI A population-based estimate of the burden of diarrhoeal illness in the United States: FoodNet, 1996-7 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-PRACTICE; SURVEILLANCE; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; INFECTION; RISK AB This study was performed to better understand and more precisely quantify the amount and burden of illness caused by acute diarrhoea in the United States today. A telephone-based population survey was conducted between 1 July, 1996, and 31 June, 1997, in sites of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet). The overall prevalence of acute diarrhoea in the 4 weeks before interview was 11 %, giving a rate of 1.4 episodes of diarrhoea per person per year. The rate of diarrhoeal illness defined as a diarrhoeal episode lasting longer than 1 day or which resulted in significant impairment of daily activities was 0.7 per person per year. It can be concluded that acute diarrhoea is common and represents a significant burden of illness in the United States. Our data on self-reported diarrhoea, when generalized to the entire nation, suggests 375 million episodes of acute diarrhoea each year in the United States. Many of these episodes are mild. However, our data also indicate that there are approximately 200 million episodes of diarrhoeal illness each year in the United States. C1 CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Connecticut State Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 129 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1017/S0950268801006628 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 586VQ UT WOS:000177607200002 PM 12211601 ER PT J AU Wilkins, MJ Bidol, SA Boulton, ML Stobierski, MG Massey, JP Robinson-Dunn, B AF Wilkins, MJ Bidol, SA Boulton, ML Stobierski, MG Massey, JP Robinson-Dunn, B TI Human salmonellosis associated with young poultry from a contaminated hatchery in Michigan and the resulting public health interventions, 1999 and 2000 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; ENTERITIDIS; PREVALENCE; FLOCKS AB Although approximately 95% of disease caused by nontyphoidal salmonella is transmitted by foodborne vehicles, four documented salmonella outbreaks in the 1990s have been traced to contact with young poultry. No environmental studies of source hatcheries were completed. This case-control study was performed by comparing culture-confirmed Salmonella Infantis in Michigan residents, identified between May and July 1999, with two age- and neighbourhood-matched controls. Eighty environmental and bird tissue samples were collected from an implicated hatchery; all salmonella isolates underwent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The study included 19 case-patients sharing the same PFGE subtype and 37 matched controls. Within 5 days before illness onset, 74% of case-patients resided in households raising young poultry compared with 16% of controls (matched OR 19.5; 95% CI 2.9, 378.1). Eight hatchery samples yielded Salmonella Infantis with PFGE subtypes matching the patients' isolates. This investigation identified birds from a single hatchery as the source of human illness and confirmed the link by matching PFGE patterns from humans, birds and the hatchery environment. Subsequent public health interventions reduced, but did not eliminate, transmission of poultry-associated salmonellosis. Five additional PFGE-linked cases were identified in Spring 2000, necessitating quarantine of the hatchery for depopulation, cleaning and disinfection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Labs, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. RP Wilkins, MJ (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth Communicable Dis & I, Bur Epidemiol, BOW Rm 217,3423 N MLK Blvd,POB 30195, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 129 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1017/S0950268802007112 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 586VQ UT WOS:000177607200003 PM 12211587 ER PT J AU Gibbs, D Napp, D Jolly, D Westover, B Uhl, G AF Gibbs, D Napp, D Jolly, D Westover, B Uhl, G TI Increasing evaluation capacity within community-based HIV prevention programs SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE evaluation; technical assistance; HIV/AIDS prevention; community-based organizations AB Funding agencies use technical assistance to strengthen the evaluation capacity of community-based organizations (CBOs). We used qualitative methods to describe beliefs and attitudes related to evaluation and to identify factors influencing evaluation capacity, based on interviews with 61 CBOs, nine health departments, and 28 technical assistance providers. Four factors influencing evaluation behavior among CBOs were identified: funding agency expectations, resources, leadership and staff, and evaluation tools and technology. Using these factors, we developed a model that describes three stages of evaluation capacity: compliance, investment, and advancement. We propose strategies by which funding agencies and technical assistance providers can help strengthen evaluation capacity within CBOs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Pract Applicat Publ Hlth, Durham, NC USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Hlth Educ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Extens, Wisconsin Tobacco Control Monitoring & Evaluat Pr, Madison, WI 53715 USA. RP Gibbs, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 261 EP 269 AR PII S0149-7189(02)00020-4 DI 10.1016/S0149-7189(02)00020-4 PG 9 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 588BD UT WOS:000177679800005 ER PT J AU Reutman, SR LeMasters, GK Kesner, JS Shukla, R Krieg, EF Knecht, EA Lockey, JE AF Reutman, SR LeMasters, GK Kesner, JS Shukla, R Krieg, EF Knecht, EA Lockey, JE TI Urinary reproductive hormone level differences between African American and Caucasian women of reproductive age SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE hormones; luteinizing hormone; estrogen; progesterone; follicle stimulating hormone; reproduction; African Americans; Caucasians; racial differences; epidemiology ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; PERSONNEL; ASSAYS; BLOOD AB Objective: To compare urinary levels of reproductive hormones in African American and Caucasian women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Ten United States Air Force (USAF) bases. Patient(s): African American (n = 33) and Caucasian (n = 65) women of reproductive age from a larger study of USAF women (n = 170). Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Urinary endocrine end points: follicular luteinizing hormone (LH), preovulatory LH, level of LH surge peak, early follicular follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), follicular LH:FSH ratio, midluteal FSH, FSH rise before menses, early follicular estrone 3-glucuronide (E(1)3G), midfollicular E(1)3G, periovulatory E(1)3G peak, midluteal E(1)3G, early follicular pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G), follicular Pd3G, rate of periovulatory Pd3G increase, E(1)3G:Pd3G on the day of luteal transition, slope of E(1)3G:Pd3G, and midluteal Pd3G. Result(s): Relative to Caucasians, African American women had significantly lower follicular phase LH:FSH ratios (mean +/- SD: 0.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.6), lower follicular phase Pd3G levels (1.0 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.8 mug/mg creatinine), and lower rates of periovulatory Pd3G increase (0.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.0 +/- 1.2 mug/mg creatinine). Conclusion(s): Findings of this analysis should be considered preliminary evidence of racial differences in hormone levels. Future studies are needed to determine whether these differences have clinical significance. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Reutman, SR (reprint author), 104 Pk Ave, Elsmere, KY 41018 USA. RI Reutman, Susan/C-2459-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1P30ES06096] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2 BP 383 EP 391 AR PII S0015-0282(02)03204-1 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03204-1 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 581JF UT WOS:000177287900024 PM 12137878 ER PT J AU Downer, MV Hodge, T Smith, DK Qari, SH Schuman, P Mayer, KH Klein, RS Vlahov, D Gardner, LI McNicholl, JM AF Downer, MV Hodge, T Smith, DK Qari, SH Schuman, P Mayer, KH Klein, RS Vlahov, D Gardner, LI McNicholl, JM TI Regional variation in CCR5-Delta 32 gene distribution among women from the USHIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE chemokine receptor; regional difference; black/African American; HIV-1 infection ID HIV-1 INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; RESISTANCE; DELETION; ALLELE; TRANSMISSION; INDIVIDUALS; AIDS; PHENOTYPES; COHORT AB The CCR5-Delta32 genotype is known to influence HIV-1 transmission and disease. We genotyped 1301 US women of various races/ethnicities participating in the HIV Epidemiologic Research Study. None was homozygous for CCR5Delta32. The distribution of heterozygotes was similar in HIV-1 infected and uninfected women. Thirty-seven (11.8%) white, 28 (3.7%) blacks/African Americans (AA), seven (3.3%) Hispanics/Latinas, and one (6.6%) other race/ethnicity were heterozygous. The frequency of heterozygotes differed among sites for all races combined (P = 0.001). More heterozygotes were found in AA women in Rhode Island (8.9%) than in the other sites (3.1%) (P = 0.02), while heterozygosity in white women was most common in Maryland (28.6%) (P = 0.025). These regional differences could be accounted for by racial admixture in AAs, but not in whites. Regional variations should be considered when studying host genetic factors and HIV-1 in US populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Immunogenet Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI USA. Brown Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP McNicholl, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Immunogenet Lab, MS-A25,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 3 IS 5 BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6363884 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 582ZA UT WOS:000177380000008 PM 12140749 ER PT J AU Lichtveld, MY AF Lichtveld, MY TI Risk assessment through the lens of bioterrorism - Lessons from the public health frontline SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lichtveld, MY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 917 EP 920 DI 10.1080/1080-700291905738 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 592QU UT WOS:000177949000001 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF Thompson, TJ Anda, RF Dietz, WH Felitti, V AF Williamson, DF Thompson, TJ Anda, RF Dietz, WH Felitti, V TI Body weight and obesity in adults and self-reported abuse in childhood SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE adult obesity; attributable fraction; body mass index; child abuse; relative risk ID SEXUAL ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; EXPERIENCES; EPIDEMIC; NEGLECT; HEALTH; SAMPLE; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Little is known about childhood factors and adult obesity. A previous study found a strong association between childhood neglect and obesity in young adults. OBJECTIVE: To estimate associations between self-reported abuse in childhood (sexual, verbal, fear of physical abuse and physical) adult body weight, and risk of obesity. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with surveys during 1995 - 1997. PATIENTS: A total of 13 177 members of California health maintenance organization aged 19 - 92 y. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight measured during clinical examination, followed by mailed survey to recall experiences during first 18y of life. Estimates adjusted for adult demographic factors and health practices, and characteristics of the childhood household. RESULTS: Some 66% of participants reported one or more type of abuse. Physical abuse and verbal abuse were most strongly associated with body weight and obesity. Compared with no physical abuse (55%), being 'often hit and injured' (2.5%) had a 4.0kg (95% confidence interval: 2.4-5.6kg) higher weight and a 1.4 (1.2-1.6) relative risk (RR) of body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30. Compared with no verbal abuse (53%), being 'often verbally abused' (9.5%) had an RR of 1.9 (1.3-2.7) for BMI greater than or equal to 40. The abuse associations were not mutually independent, however, because the abuse types strongly co-occurred. Obesity risk increased with number and severity of each type of abuse. The population attributable fraction for 'any mention' of abuse (67%) was 8% (3.4-12.3%) for BMI greater than or equal to 30 and 17.3% ( -1.0-32.4%) for BMI greater than or equal to 40. CONCLUSIONS: Abuse in childhood is associated with adult obesity. If causal, preventing child abuse may modestly decrease adult obesity. Treatment of obese adults abused as children may benefit from identification of mechanisms that lead to maintenance of adult obesity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Williamson, DF (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat K10, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 32 TC 187 Z9 193 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1082 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802038 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 580AY UT WOS:000177212900008 PM 12119573 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Buskin, SE Turner, JH Cheingsong, R Saekhou, A Kalish, ML Jones, JL Respess, R Kovacs, A Heneine, W AF Sullivan, PS Buskin, SE Turner, JH Cheingsong, R Saekhou, A Kalish, ML Jones, JL Respess, R Kovacs, A Heneine, W TI Low prevalence of antiretroviral resistance among persons recently infected with human immunodeficiency virus in two US cities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; resistance; genotypic testing ID DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY; HIV-1 INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TYPE-1; THERAPY AB Resistance testing for treatment-naive, recently HlV-infected persons is not currently recommended; its clinical value will depend on the prevalence of resistance-associated mutations among recently infected persons. To estimate this prevalence, specimens were collected during 1997-1999 in Seattle and Los Angeles from drug-naive, recently HIV-infected persons. HIV-1 protcase and reverse transcriptase (RT) RNA sequences were amplified from plasma by RT-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequenced, and analysed. Of 69 patients, five (7%) had resistance-associated mutations: three (4%) had primary mutayions associated with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) or non-nucleoside-RTIs, and three patients (4%) had secondary NRTI mutations. No primary mutation associated with resistance to protease inhibitors was observed. Mean age of the five person,, with resistance-associated mutations (38 years) was higher than that of the 64 persons without resistance-associated mutations (31 years, P < 0.04). The findings suggest that the prevalence of resistance-associated mutations among persons recently infected with HIV in these cities is low. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave NE J3-100, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 8 BP 554 EP 558 DI 10.1258/095646202760159684 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 579JW UT WOS:000177175700007 PM 12194739 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Jensen, P Moffat, HJ Wells, CD AF Talbot, EA Jensen, P Moffat, HJ Wells, CD TI Occupational risk from ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) lamps SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; ultraviolet germicidal irradiation; UVGI AB The recommended role of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is to reduce the risk of tuberculosis (TB) transmission in health care facilities. However, excess exposure may result in dermatosis and photokeratitis. In one hospital setting in Botswana, two nurses and one housekeeper complained of eye discomfort, 'like sand in the eyes', after working in an administrative office. The following day, one employee noted facial skin peeling. All symptoms resolved over 2-4 days without sequelae. Six weeks later, the syndrome recurred for all three employees. A workplace investigation revealed that the office had been converted from a hospital sputum induction room, and that an unshielded 36-W UVGI lamp was still installed and operational. The on/off switch for the UVGI lamp was immediately adjacent to the fluorescent bulb on/off switch, and did not have a locking mechanism. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends that exposure to UVGI (254 nm) be less than 6000 muJ/cm(2) (6000 muWcongruent tosec/cm(2)) over a daily 8-hour period on unprotected skin or eyes. In the office, UVGI measurements at eye level and looking directly at the UVGI lamp ranged from a low of 20.0 muWcongruent tosec/cm(2) when seated to a high of 49.9 muWcongruent tosec/cm(2) when standing. These irradiance levels result in allowable exposure times of 300 and 120 seconds, respectively, and arc the most likely cause of the clinical syndrome described. C1 CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Talbot, EA (reprint author), BOTUSA Project, TB HIV Res, 2170 Gaborone Pl, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 6 IS 8 BP 738 EP 741 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 578JV UT WOS:000177114800017 PM 12150488 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Galuska, DA Fulton, JE Wechsler, H Kann, L AF Lowry, R Galuska, DA Fulton, JE Wechsler, H Kann, L TI Weight management goals and practices among US high school students: Associations with physical activity, diet, and smoking SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 128th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Publ Hlth Assoc DE physical activity; diet; overweight; weight management; gender differences; adolescent health behavior ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NATIONAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIORS; OBESITY; DISEASE AB Purpose: To examine associations of physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and cigarette smoking with weight management goals and practices of U.S. high school students. Methods: Data were from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a representative sample of U.S. high school students (n = 15,349). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated to describe associations, controlling for demographic characteristics. Results: Based on self-reported height and weight, 25% of students were either overweight (11%) or at risk for becoming overweight (14%). However, 43% of students were trying to lose weight and 19% of students were trying to maintain their current weight. Female students were less likely than male students to be overweight, but more likely to be trying to lose weight. Trying to lose weight was associated with vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.5), strengthening exercises (OR = 2.2), and cigarette smoking (OR = 1.4) among female students; and vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.6), strengthening exercises (OR = 1.8), and eating greater than or equal to5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.5) among male students. Among students trying to lose weight or stay the same weight, only 62% of females and 41% of males combined exercise with a reduced fat and calorie diet, while 32% of females and 17% of males used unhealthy weight control methods (fasting, diet pills, vomiting, or laxatives). Conclusions: Efforts to promote healthy weight management among adolescents are needed and should place greater emphasis on combining physical activity with a reduced fat and calorie diet, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, and discouraging smoking and other unhealthy weight control practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS01837] NR 43 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 AR PII S1054-139X(01)00408-6 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00408-6 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 577DD UT WOS:000177045700004 PM 12127383 ER PT J AU Luby, S Khan, AJ Altaf, A Hutin, Y AF Luby, S Khan, AJ Altaf, A Hutin, Y TI Regarding "Seroprevalence of the antibody to hepatitis C in select groups in the Punjab region of Pakistan" SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INJECTIONS; INFECTION; HAFIZABAD C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Luby, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 202 EP 202 DI 10.1097/01.MCG.0000020803.34071.78 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 578DX UT WOS:000177103100017 PM 12172371 ER PT J AU Sako, Y Nakao, M Nakaya, K Yamasaki, H Gottstein, B Lightowers, MW Schantz, PM Ito, A AF Sako, Y Nakao, M Nakaya, K Yamasaki, H Gottstein, B Lightowers, MW Schantz, PM Ito, A TI Alveolar echinococcosis: Characterization of diagnostic antigen Em18 and serological evaluation of recombinant Em18 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HYDATID-DISEASE; MULTILOCULARIS ANTIGEN; CYST FLUID; DIFFERENTIATION; GRANULOSUS; CALPAIN; EZRIN; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; SERODIAGNOSIS AB The Echinococcus multilocularis protein Em18 is one of the most promising antigens for use in serodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in human patients. Here we identify an antigenic relationship between Em18 and a 65-kDa immunodominant E. multilocularis surface protein previously identified as either EM10 or Em11/3. The NH2-terminal sequence of native Em18 was determined, revealing it to be a fragment of EM10. Experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of proteinase inhibitors on the degradation of EM 10 in crude extracts of E. multilocularis protoscoleces. Em18 was found to be the product of degradation of EM10 by cysteine proteinase. A recombinant Em18 (RecEm18, derived fro M K-349 to K-508 of EM10) was successfully expressed by using Escherichia coli expression system and then evaluated for use in serodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. RecEm18 was recognized by 27 (87.1%) and 28 (90.3%) of 31 serum samples from clinically and/or pathologically confirmed alveolar echinococcosis patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting, respectively. Of 33 serum samples from cystic echinococcosis patients, 1 was recorded as having a weak positive reaction to RecEm18; however, none of the serum samples which were tested from neurocysticercosis patients (n = 10) or healthy people (n = 15) showed positive reactions. RecEm18 has the potential for use in the differential serodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Asahikawa Med Coll, Anim Lab Med Res, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Univ Bern, Inst Parasitol, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Melbourne, Ctr Vet Clin, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sako, Y (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 FU FIC NIH HHS [1 R01 TW01565-01, R01 TW001565] NR 43 TC 55 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2760 EP 2765 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2760-2765.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900009 PM 12149326 ER PT J AU Lievano, FA Reynolds, MA Waring, AL Ackelsberg, J Bisgard, KM Sanden, GN Guris, D Golaz, A Bopp, DJ Limberger, RJ Smith, PF AF Lievano, FA Reynolds, MA Waring, AL Ackelsberg, J Bisgard, KM Sanden, GN Guris, D Golaz, A Bopp, DJ Limberger, RJ Smith, PF TI Issues associated with and recommendations for using PCR to detect outbreaks of pertussis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; UNITED-STATES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIC AB Two outbreaks of respiratory tract illness associated with prolonged cough occurring in 1998 and 1999 in New York State were investigated. A PCR test for Bordetella pertussis was primarily used by a private laboratory to confirm 680 pertussis cases. Several clinical specimens had positive culture results for B. pertussis during both outbreaks, which confirmed that B. pertussis was circulating during the outbreaks. However, testing by the New York State Department of Health reference laboratory suggested that some of the PCR results may have been falsely positive. In addition, features of the outbreak that suggested that B. pertussis may not have been the primary agent of infection included a low attack rate among incompletely vaccinated children and a significant amount of illness among patients testing PCR negative for B. pertussis. These investigations highlight the importance of appropriate clinical laboratory quality assurance programs, of the limitations of the PCR test, and of interpreting laboratory results in context of clinical disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Div Epidemiol, Albany, NY USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Lievano, FA (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2801 EP 2805 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2801-2805.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900016 PM 12149333 ER PT J AU Lasker, BA AF Lasker, BA TI Evaluation of performance of four genotypic methods for studying the genetic epidemiology of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; 3 TYPING METHODS; POLYMORPHIC DNA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RANDOM AMPLIFICATION; INFECTIONS; PATTERNS; MARKERS AB In the present investigation, 49 Aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from four nosocomial outbreaks were typed by Afut1 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and three PCR-based molecular typing methods: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, sequence-specific DNA primer (SSDP) analysis, and polymorphic microsatellite markers (PMM) analysis. The typing methods were evaluated with respect to discriminatory power (D), reproducibility, typeability, ease of use, and ease of interpretation to determine their performance and utility for outbreak and surveillance investigations. Afut1 RFLP analysis detected 40 types. Thirty types were observed by RAPD analysis. PMM analysis detected 39 allelic types, but SSDP analysis detected only 14 types. All four methods demonstrated 100% typeability. PMM and RFLP analyses had comparable high degrees of discriminatory power (D = 0.989 and 0.988, respectively). The discriminatory power of RAPD analysis was slightly lower (D = 0.971), whereas SSDP analysis had the lowest discriminatory power (D = 0.889). Overall, SSDP analysis was the easiest method to interpret and perform. The profiles obtained by PMM analysis were easier to interpret than those obtained by RFLP or RAPD analysis. Bands that differed in staining intensity or that were of low intensity were observed by RAPD analysis, making interpretation more difficult. The reproducibilities with repeated runs of the same DNA preparation or with different DNA preparations of the same strain were high for all the methods. A high degree of genetic variation was observed in the test population, but isolates were not always similarly divided by each method. Interpretation of band profiles requires understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for genetic alternations. PMM analysis and Afut1 RFLP analysis, or their combination, appear to provide the best overall discriminatory power, reproducibility, ease of interpretation, and ease of use. This investigation will aid in planning epidemiologic and surveillance studies of A. fumigatus. C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lasker, BA (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2886 EP 2892 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2886-2892.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900029 PM 12149346 ER PT J AU Bell, CA Uhl, JR Hadfield, TL David, JC Meyer, RF Smith, TF Cockerill, FR AF Bell, CA Uhl, JR Hadfield, TL David, JC Meyer, RF Smith, TF Cockerill, FR TI Detection of Bacillus anthracis DNA by LightCycler PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; BIOTERRORISM; SAMPLES; CEREUS; SPORES AB Anthrax is a zoonotic disease that is also well recognized as a potential agent of bioterrorism. Routine culture and biochemical testing methods are useful for the identification of Bacillus anthracis, but a definitive identification may take 24 to 48 h or longer and may require that specimens be referred to another laboratory. Virulent isolates of B. anthracis contain two plasmids (pX01 and pX02) with unique targets that allow the rapid and specific identification of B. anthracis by PCR. We developed a rapid-cycle real-time PCR detection assay for B. anthracis that utilizes the LightCycler instrument (LightCycler Bacillus anthracis kit; Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Ind.). PCR primers and probes were designed to identify gene sequences specific for both the protective antigen (plasmid pX01) and the encapsulation B protein (plasmid pX02). The assays (amplification and probe confirmation) can be completed in less than 1 h. The gene encoding the protective antigen (pag,4) was detected in 29 of 29 virulent B. anthracis strains, and the gene encoding the capsular protein B (capB) was detected in 28 of 29 of the same strains. Three avirulent strains containing only pX01 or pX02, and therefore only pagA or pagB genes, could be detected and differentiated from virulent strains. The assays were specific for B. anthracis: the results were negative for 57 bacterial strains representing a broad range of organisms, including Bacillus species other than anthracis (n = 31) and other non-Bacillus species (n = 26). The analytical sensitivity demonstrated with target DNA cloned into control plasmids was 1 copy per mul of sample. The LightCycler Bacillus anthracis assay appears to be a suitable method for rapid identification of cultured isolates of B. anthracis. Additional clinical studies are required to determine the usefulness of this test for the rapid identification of B. anthracis directly from human specimens. C1 Mayo Clin, Div Clin Microbiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cockerill, FR (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Microbiol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 22 TC 112 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2897 EP 2902 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2897-2902.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900031 PM 12149348 ER PT J AU Lingappa, JR Lawrence, W West-Keefe, S Gautom, R Cookson, BT AF Lingappa, JR Lawrence, W West-Keefe, S Gautom, R Cookson, BT TI Diagnosis of community-acquired pertussis infection: Comparison of both culture and fluorescent-antibody assays with PCR detection using electrophoresis or dot blot hybridization SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; OUTBREAK; SEROLOGY; HOLMESII; COUGH AB Diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection has been difficult due to the low sensitivity of culture. PCR tests have been shown to be more sensitive than culture, but the reported sensitivity of PCR is variable. We evaluated PCR product detection by using either agarose gel electrophoresis (PCR-gel) or dot blot hybridization with P-32-labeled oligonucleotide probes, and we compared these methods to both culture and direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assays with microscopy for the detection of pertussis. This was done with 225 nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected in community clinic settings. The multiplexed PCR amplified the multiply repeated IS481 B. pertussis sequence and a sequence from the human globin gene as a positive control for specimen adequacy. Of 225 specimens, 179 were judged to be adequate for PCR analysis. Among the adequate specimens, 9, 4, and 10 were culture, DFA, and PCR-gel positive, respectively. The sensitivity of PCR-gel versus culture was 89% while the sensitivity of culture versus PCR-gel was 80%. DFA had the lowest sensitivity. Thirty specimens were positive by PCR with dot blot hybridization; no negative control specimens showed a signal above the background. Among the 79 (44%) adequate specimens with clinical data available, the rates of reported cough or persistent cough were similar for persons who were pertussis positive by each assay. The IS481 PCR, with either electrophoresis or dot blot hybridization, is a sensitive assay; however, at this time it cannot completely replace culture without an overall loss in sensitivity for the detection of pertussis. Further study is required to understand the clinical significance of B. pertussis PCR products detected by dot blot hybridization alone. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington State Publ Hlth Labs, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lingappa, JR (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2908 EP 2912 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2908-2912.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900033 PM 12149350 ER PT J AU Songy, WB Ruoff, KL Facklam, RR Ferraro, MJ Falkow, S AF Songy, WB Ruoff, KL Facklam, RR Ferraro, MJ Falkow, S TI Identification of Streptococcus bovis biotype I strains among S-bovis clinical isolates by PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE SYSTEM; INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS; SALIVARY AGGLUTININ; GENE; MUTANS; CLONING; BACTEREMIA; SEQUENCE; REGION AB Streptococcus bovis causes 24% of all streptococcal infective endocarditis cases. There are many reports linking both S. bovis bacteremia and endocarditis with various forms of gastrointestinal disease (primarily colonic cancers). S. bovis is divided into two biotypes: I and II. The biotype I strain is much more frequently isolated from patients with endocarditis, gastrointestinal disease, or both. We describe here the isolation of biotype I-specific DNA sequences and the development of a PCR test which can identify S. bovis biotype I strains among S. bovis clinical isolates. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Prot Design Labs Inc, Fremont, CA 94555 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Clin Microbiol Labs, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Falkow, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sherman Fairchild Sci Bldg,Rm D039,299 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM swfisher@stanford.edu NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2913 EP 2918 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2913-2918.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900034 PM 12149351 ER PT J AU Wilson, KE Cassiday, PK Popovic, T Sanden, GN AF Wilson, KE Cassiday, PK Popovic, T Sanden, GN TI Bordetella pertussis isolates with a heterogeneous phenotype for erythromycin resistance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Erythromycin is currently being used for both prophylaxis and treatment of pertussis infections. Erythromycin resistance was first recognized in Bordetella pertussis in Arizona in 1994, and since then, three additional resistant isolates have been identified in the United States. To better assess the potential public health impact of erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis, we used the disk diffusion assay to evaluate the frequency of erythromycin resistance among 1,030 recently circulating U.S. isolates and found the rate of occurrence to be <1%. We also describe a novel heterogeneous phenotype, with erythromycin-resistant colonies appearing only after a 7-day incubation period. To optimize patient management, we recommend that clinicians be alert to potential treatment failures and that laboratorians use a 7-day incubation period when screening for resistance. Our ongoing national surveillance will continue to monitor for resistant B. pertussis isolates and their potential association with changing pertussis epidemiology. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sanden, GN (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSD11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 2942 EP 2944 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2942-2944.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900039 PM 12149356 ER PT J AU Moore, JE Crothers, L Millar, BC Crothers, E Rooney, PJ Xiao, LH Dootey, JSG Lowery, CJ AF Moore, JE Crothers, L Millar, BC Crothers, E Rooney, PJ Xiao, LH Dootey, JSG Lowery, CJ TI Low incidence of concurrent enteric infection associated with sporadic and outbreak-related human cryptosporidiosis in Northern Ireland SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PREVALENCE C1 Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Ulster, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. RP Moore, JE (reprint author), Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 3107 EP 3108 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.8.3107-3108.2002 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 580VA UT WOS:000177255900077 PM 12149394 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Kaslow, NJ Short, LM Wyckoff, S AF Thompson, MP Kaslow, NJ Short, LM Wyckoff, S TI The mediating roles of perceived social support and resources in the self-efficacy-suicide attempts relation among African American abused women SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABUSIVE PARTNERS; PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENTS; PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; ADVOCACY; HEALTH; EMERGENCY; BEHAVIOR AB The authors examined whether self-efficacy among African American abused women decreased their risk of suicide attempts through the mediating influences of perceived social support from friends, perceived social support from family, and perceived effectiveness for obtaining material resources. The sample consisted of 100 women who presented to a hospital following a suicide attempt and 100 women who presented to the same hospital for nonemergency medical problems, Results revealed that the association between self-efficacy and suicide attempt status was partially amounted for by the mediating roles of perceived social support from friends and family, and perceived effectiveness at obtaining resources Findings suggest that interventions to increase, abused women's self-efficacy should focus on increasing their capacity to obtain social and material resources. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 511 Edwards Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mpthomp@clemson.edu NR 42 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X EI 1939-2117 J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 942 EP 949 DI 10.1037//0022-006X.70.4.942 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 582JP UT WOS:000177347400008 PM 12182277 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JSS Crosby, RA Brasfield, TL O'Bannon, RE AF Lawrence, JSS Crosby, RA Brasfield, TL O'Bannon, RE TI Reducing STD and HIV risk behavior of substance-dependent adolescents: A randomized controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; DRUG-USE; INFECTION; PREVENTION; INTERVENTION; YOUTH; MOTIVATION; HOMELESS; STUDENTS AB A randomised controlled trial assessed 3 interventions designed to increase safer sex behaviors of substance-dependent adolescents. Participants (N = 161) received 12 sessions of either a health information intervention (I only), information plus skills-based safer sex training (I + B), or the same experimental condition plus a risk-sensitization manipulation (I + M + B), The I + B and I + M + B conditions, as compared with the I only condition, (a) produced more favorable attitudes toward condoms; (b) reduced the frequency of unprotected vaginal sex, and (c) increased behavioral skill performance, frequency of condom-protected sex, percentage of intercourse occasions that were condom protected, and number of adolescents who abstained from sex. The intervention that included the risk-sensitization procedure was more resistant to decay. An unexpected finding was that the I + B and I + M + B conditions produced substantial increases in sexual abstinence. C1 CDCP, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jackson State Univ, Dept Psychol, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Lawrence, JSS (reprint author), CDCP, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzs4@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X EI 1939-2117 J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1021 DI 10.1037//0022-006X.70.4.1010 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 582JP UT WOS:000177347400015 ER PT J AU Maas, WR AF Maas, WR TI Untitled - The CDC replies SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Maas, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 516 EP 516 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 579WL UT WOS:000177201300002 ER PT J AU Mullen, L Barry, J Igoe, D Keenan, E Ward, M Murray, K AF Mullen, L Barry, J Igoe, D Keenan, E Ward, M Murray, K TI Unexplained illness among injecting drug users in Dublin: a case-control study SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Eastern Reg Hlth Author, Dept Publ Hlth, Dublin, Ireland. Natl Dis Serveillance Ctr, Dublin, Ireland. S Western Area Hlth Board, Drugs Serv, Dublin, Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), Eastern Reg Hlth Author, Dept Publ Hlth, Dublin, Ireland. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD AUG PY 2002 VL 56 IS 8 BP 575 EP 576 DI 10.1136/jech.56.8.575 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 577DK UT WOS:000177046100005 PM 12118046 ER PT J AU Hughes, GJ Mioulet, V Haydon, DT Kitching, RP Donaldson, AI Woolhouse, MEJ AF Hughes, GJ Mioulet, V Haydon, DT Kitching, RP Donaldson, AI Woolhouse, MEJ TI Serial passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep reveals declining levels of viraemia over time SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POSITIVE SELECTION; RT-PCR; DETERMINANTS; TRANSMISSION; VIRULENCE; DIAGNOSIS; CONTACT; PIGS AB If an infectious agent is to maintain itself within a closed population by means of an unbroken serial chain of infections, it must maintain the level of infectiousness of individuals through time, or termination of the transmission chain is inevitable. One possible cause of diminution in infectiousness along serial chains of transmission may be that individuals are unable to amplify and transmit comparable levels of the infectious agent. Here, the results are reported of a novel experiment designed specifically to assess the effects of serial passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in experimental groups of sheep. A virus isolate taken from an epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) characterized by rapid fade-out of infection was passed serially through four groups of sheep housed in an isolation unit. Although it was not possible to measure individual infectiousness directly, blood virus load from infected individuals was quantified using a real-time PCR assay and used as an underlying indicator of the level of infection. The results of this assay concurred well with those of the traditional tissue-culture assay and were shown to be highly repeatable. The level of peak viraemia was shown to fall significantly with the time of infection and with passage group, both in terms of the group mean and regression analysis of individual values, suggesting that this isolate of FMDV may, under certain conditions, be unable to maintain itself indefinitely in susceptible sheep populations. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of the epidemiology of FMD in sheep. C1 AFRC, Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Hughes, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Rabies Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 BP 1907 EP 1914 PN 8 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 576EM UT WOS:000176989900009 PM 12124454 ER PT J AU Arauz-Ruiz, P Norder, H Robertson, BH Magnius, LO AF Arauz-Ruiz, P Norder, H Robertson, BH Magnius, LO TI Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; FULMINANT-HEPATITIS; CORE GENE; PHYLOGENETIC RELATEDNESS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HBV GENOTYPE; S-GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DELETION MUTANTS AB The complete genomes were sequenced for ten hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains. Two of them, from Spain and Sweden, were most similar to genotype D, although encoding d specificity. Five of them were from Central America and belonged to genotype F. Two strains from Nicaragua and one from Los Angeles, USA, showed divergences of 3(.)1-4(.)1 % within the small S gene from genotype F strains and were recognized previously as a divergent clade within genotype F. The complete genomes of the two genotype D strains were found to differ from published genotype D strains by 2(.)8-4(.)6%. Their S genes encoded Lys(122), Thr(127) and Lys(160), corresponding to the putative new subtype adw3 within this genotype, previously known to specify ayw2, ayw3 or, rarely, ayw4. The complete genomes of the three divergent strains diverged by 0(.)8-2(.)5% from each other, 7(.)2-10(.)2% from genotype F strains and 13(.)2-15(.)7 % from other HBV strains. Since pairwise comparisons of 82 complete HBV genomes of intratypic and intertypic divergences ranged from 0(.)1 to 7(.)4% and 6(.)8 to 17(.)1 %, respectively, the three sequenced strains should represent a new HBV genotype, for which the designation H is proposed. In the polymerase region, the three strains had 16 unique conserved amino acid residues not present in genotype F strains. So far, genotype H has been encountered in Nicaragua, Mexico and California. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes and subgenomes of the three strains showed them clustering with genotype F but forming a separate branch supported by 100% bootstrap. Being most similar to genotype F, known to be an Amerindian genotype, genotype H has most likely split off from genotype F within the New World. C1 Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Virol, SE-17182 Stockholm, Sweden. Louisiana State Univ, Int Ctr Med Res & Training, San Jose, Costa Rica. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Magnius, LO (reprint author), Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Virol, SE-17182 Stockholm, Sweden. OI Norder, Helene/0000-0002-7528-3872 NR 59 TC 476 Z9 564 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 BP 2059 EP 2073 AR UNSP 0001-8276 PN 8 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 576EM UT WOS:000176989900025 PM 12124470 ER PT J AU Marks, SM Taylor, Z Miller, BI AF Marks, SM Taylor, Z Miller, BI TI Tuberculosis prevention versus hospitalization: Taxpayers save with prevention SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; homeless persons; housing; hospitalization; HIV; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; substance-related disorders; costs and cost analysis; primary health care; medically uninsured; prevention ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES AB This study describes who pays for inpatient tuberculosis (TB) care and factors associated with payer source. The authors analyzed TB hospitalization costs for a prospective cohort of active TB patients at 10 U.S. sites. Private insurance paid for 9 percent and private hospitals for 6 percent of TB hospitalization costs. Public sources (federal, state, and local governments and public hospitals) paid more than 85 percent of TB hospitalization costs. Preventive services (treatment for latent TB infection; housing, food, and social work for homeless persons; substance abuse treatment for substance abusers; and antiretroviral medication for HIV-infectcd persons) targeted to those at high risk for TB hospitalization could save taxpayers between $4 million and $118 million. Since public resources arc used to pay nearly all the costs of late-stage TB care, the public sector could save by shifting resources currently used for inpatient care to target preventive services to persons at high risk for TB hospitalization. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1177/10408902013003010 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 572FY UT WOS:000176764200010 PM 12152508 ER PT J AU Cunliffe, NA Dove, W Gondwe, JS Thindwa, BDM Greensill, J Holmes, JL Bresee, JS Monroe, SS Glass, RI Broadhead, RL Molyneux, ME Hart, CA AF Cunliffe, NA Dove, W Gondwe, JS Thindwa, BDM Greensill, J Holmes, JL Bresee, JS Monroe, SS Glass, RI Broadhead, RL Molyneux, ME Hart, CA TI Detection and characterisation of human astroviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Blantyre, Malawi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE astrovirus; HIV; Malawi ID RNA SEQUENCE; DIARRHEA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; INFECTION; VIRUSES; GENOME AB In a 2-year hospital-based study of paediatric gastroenteritis in Blantyre, Malawi, astroviruses were detected by enzyme immunoassay in 15 (1.9%) of 786 inpatients and in 9 (2.3%) of 400 outpatients. Greater disease severity was noted in children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Six human astrovirus (HAstV) genotypes were identified, including HAstV-1 (25%), HAstV-2 (21%), HAstV-3 (25%), HAstV-4 (13%), HAstV-5 (4%), and HAstV-8 (13%). Although astroviruses are not major causes of gastroenteritis among children admitted to hospital in Blantyre, concomitant HIV infection appears to be a risk factor for increased severity of disease. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genito Urinary Med, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Wellcome Trust Res Labs, Blantyre, Malawi. Univ Liverpool, Coll Med, Wellcome Trust Res Labs, Blantyre, Malawi. Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Dept Paediat, Blantyre, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cunliffe, NA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genito Urinary Med, Duncan Bldg,Daulby St, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X; Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 563 EP 566 DI 10.1002/jmv.10139 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 569FJ UT WOS:000176589900016 PM 12116005 ER PT J AU Katz, RS Premenko-Lanier, M McChesney, MB Rota, PA Bellini, WJ AF Katz, RS Premenko-Lanier, M McChesney, MB Rota, PA Bellini, WJ TI Detection of measles virus RNA in whole blood stored on filter paper SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles virus RNA; filter paper; dried blood spots; virologic surveillance; rhesus macaques; RT-PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; SPOT SPECIMENS; ELIMINATION; INFECTION; HOST; DNA AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of dried blood spots stored on filter paper as a means to provide specimens for virologic surveillance for measles virus (MV) in situations when the reverse cold chain is not available. Two single-step RT-PCR assays were evaluated for sensitivity of detection of MV nucleoprotein gene RNA. The more sensitive assay was then used to assess the stability of MV RNA in dried whole blood stored on filter paper. MV RNA was found to be stable in dried blood spots for up to 2 months at room temperature or 1 month at 37degreesC. As few as 100 infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) per blood spot could be detected using a single-step RT-PCR reaction and ethiclium bromide detection. MV RNA was also detected in dried blood spots obtained from rhesus macaques after challenge with wild-type MV. In the rhesus samples, the single-step RT-PCR reaction could detect approximately 10(3) TCD50 per blood spot, while nested PCR detected 3 TCD50 per blood spot. The results of this laboratory-based study suggest that the use of dried blood spots stored on filter has the potential to improve virologic surveillance for MV in some areas, and they emphasize the need for continued testing underfield conditions. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Virsuses Branch, Measles Sect,Div Viral & Rickettisal Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Reg Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Virsuses Branch, Measles Sect,Div Viral & Rickettisal Dis, Mailstop C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU913348] NR 32 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 596 EP 602 DI 10.1002/jmv.10144 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 569FJ UT WOS:000176589900021 PM 12116010 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA Barskey, A Goss, L Anderson, LJ AF Tripp, RA Barskey, A Goss, L Anderson, LJ TI Substance P receptor expression on lymphocytes is associated with the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mouse; viral; substance p; cytokines; lung; cell surface molecules ID BALB/C MICE; ADHESION MOLECULE-1; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CHRONIC ASTHMA; MESSENGER-RNA; RSV INFECTION; RAT AIRWAYS; T-CELLS; INFLAMMATION; CYTOKINES AB The kinetics and magnitude of SP receptor expression was determined for bronchoalveolar leukocyte cell subsets from BALBIc mice in the primary immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV3) infection, and in the secondary immune response to RSV and PIV3 challenge. In both the primary and secondary responses to infection, expression of substance P (SP) receptors was markedly increased by infection, especially for T lymphocytes, compared to B220(+). CD11b(+) and CD14(+) cells. CD4(+) T lymphocytes predominantly expressed SP receptors in the secondary response. These results suggest that SP receptor expression may be important in the development of primary and secondary immune responses to respiratory virus infections. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Furman Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 153 AR PII S0165-5728(02)00169-8 DI 10.1016/S0165-5728(02)00169-8 PG 13 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 590BQ UT WOS:000177797700017 PM 12161030 ER PT J AU Bodnar, LM Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS AF Bodnar, LM Cogswell, ME Scanlon, KS TI Low income postpartum women are at risk of iron deficiency SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron deficiency; postpartum; women; low income; iron ID UNITED-STATES; SUPPLEMENTATION; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION; ENDURANCE; OUTCOMES; WORKERS AB We estimated the prevalence of postpartum iron deficiency, anemia andiron deficiency anemia in the United States and compared risk of iron deficiency between women .0-24 mo postpartum (n = 680) and never-pregnant women, 20-40 y old (n = 587). We used data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Iron deficiency was defined as abnormal values for : 2 of 3 iron status measures (serum ferritin, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation). Iron deficiency prevalences for women 0-6, 7-12 and 13-24 mo postpartum were 12.7, 12.4 and 7.8%, respectively, and 6.5% among never-pregnant women. After adjustment for confounding, the risk of iron deficiency among women with a poverty index ratio less than or equal to 130% who were 0-6, 7-12 and 13-24 mo postpartum was 4.1 (95% confidence interval 2.0, 7.2), 3.1 (1.3, 6.5) and 2.0 (0.8, 4.1) times as great, respectively, as never-pregnant women with a poverty index ratio > 130%, but risk was not elevated for never-pregnant women with a poverty index ratio less than or equal to 130%. Compared with the same referent, the risk of iron deficiency was not meaningfully different for women with a poverty index ratio > 130% who were 0-6, 7-12 or 13-24 mo postpartum. Given that low income postpartum women bear a substantially greater iron deficiency risk than never-pregnant women, more attention should be given to preventing iron deficiency among low income women during and after pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 8 BP 2298 EP 2302 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 583GG UT WOS:000177398400030 PM 12163678 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, Z Orr, MF Kaye, WE Haugh, GS AF Berkowitz, Z Orr, MF Kaye, WE Haugh, GS TI Hazardous substances emergency events in the agriculture industry and related services in four mid-western states SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Analysis of Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance data reported from 14 participating states between 1993 and 1998 found that acute releases are seasonal. This seasonality was more prevalent in four Midwestern states during April-June and coincided with their planting season, suggesting an association of these releases with the agricultural industry. A more detailed analysis of events related to this industry in these states found that ammonia was the chemical most frequently released, and ammonia related events resulted in a significantly higher number of evacuations than all other events (OR = 10.7, [5.25-22.28]). A logistic regression model to identify risk factors for an event with victims found an increased risk for: (1) events with ammonia during April-June (adjusted OR = 3.57, [2.09-6.09]); (2) events in fixed-facilities during April-June (aOR = 3.74, [2.01-695]); and (3) events with multiple substances (aOR = 2.33, [1.05-5.17]). The most common causes for the events were equipment failure and operator error. Resulting injuries were mainly respiratory, ocular and traumatic, and included six deaths. Employing more stringent safety measures and educating employees and the public about the health hazards involved with agricultural chemicals may reduce injuries and help contain costs associated with the releases. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berkowitz, Z (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 714 EP 723 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000026047.24145.45 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 583AE UT WOS:000177382700006 PM 12185792 ER PT J AU Noonan, CW Reif, JS Burch, JB Ichinose, TY Yost, MG Magnusson, K AF Noonan, CW Reif, JS Burch, JB Ichinose, TY Yost, MG Magnusson, K TI Relationship between amyloid beta protein and melatonin metabolite in a study of electric utility workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HZ MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PRECURSOR PROTEIN; 6-HYDROXYMELATONIN SULFATE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN PLATELETS; DOWN-SYNDROME; PINEAL-GLAND AB This study assessed the relationship between occupational magnetic field exposure, the urinary melatonin metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS), and concentrations of blood-borne soluble amyloid beta (Abeta), a protein associated with the hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Blood and urine samples were obtained from male electric utility workers (n = 60) to quantify two lengths of the protein in plasma, Abeta(amino acids 1-40) and Abeta(1-42), and the urinary concentrations of 6-OHMS. Average Abeta levels were positively associated with categories of magnetic field exposure, but this relationship was weak and did not achieve statistical significance. The melatonin metabolite was inversely correlated with Abeta(1-42) and the ratio of Abeta(1-42) to Abeta(1-40). This observation is consistent with recent in vitro data and provides a plausible mechanism for the association between magnetic field exposure and AD that has been observed in some studies. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Noonan, CW (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1 R01ES08117] NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000026641.83602.75 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 583AE UT WOS:000177382700012 PM 12185798 ER PT J AU Klein, EJ Stapp, JR Clausen, CR Boster, DR Wells, JG Qin, X Swerdlow, DL Tarr, PI AF Klein, EJ Stapp, JR Clausen, CR Boster, DR Wells, JG Qin, X Swerdlow, DL Tarr, PI TI Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in children with diarrhea: A prospective point-of-care study SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY APR 28-MAY 13, 2001 CL Baltimore, MD SP Pediat Acad Soc ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; SORBITOL-MACCONKEY AGAR; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; O157-H7; VEROCYTOTOXIN; INFECTION AB Objective: To conduct a prospective cohort study to determine the frequency and characteristics of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in children with diarrhea attending an emergency department and a private clinic in Seattle, Washington. Methods: Between November 1998 and October 2001, 1851 stools were processed for STEC by sorbitol-MacConkey (SNIAC) agar screening and a commercial Stx enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results: STEC belonging to serotypes O157:H7 (n = 28), O103:H2 (n = 4), O118:H16 (n 2), O26:H11, O111:nonmotile, O111:H8, O121:H19, and O rough:H11 (n = 1 each) were recovered from 39 (2.1%) stools. EIA and SMAC agar detected 89% and 100% of the patients with E coli O157:H7, respectively. E coli O157:H7-infected patients had significantly higher frequencies of bloody stools, fecal leukocytes, and abdominal tenderness and shorter symptom duration. Hemolytic uremic syndrome developed in 5 (18%) and none of the children infected with E coli O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 STEC, respectively (P = .30). Conclusions: E coli O157:H7 is the predominant STEC in this population. Children infected with E coli O157:H7 have clinical presentations different from those whose stools contain non-O157:H7 STEC. Culture and Stx detection are needed to optimally detect STEC of all serotypes in stools. SNIAC agar screening should not be replaced by EIA. C1 Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborn & Diarrbeal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tarr, PI (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, CH-24,4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK52081]; ODCDC CDC HHS [CCU015040] NR 41 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 141 IS 2 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.125908 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 586XY UT WOS:000177612500009 PM 12183710 ER PT J AU Prince, MM AF Prince, MM TI Distribution of risk factors for hearing loss: Implications for evaluating risk of occupational noise-induced hearing loss SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EXPOSED POPULATION NINEP; AGE; THRESHOLDS AB This paper presents an analysis of hearing threshold levels among 2066 white male workers employed in various U.S. industries studied in the 1968-72 NIOSH 'Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey (ONHS). The distribution of hearing threshold levels (HTL) is examined in relation to various risk factors (age, prior occupational noise, medical conditions) for hearing loss among a population of noise exposed and control (low noise-exposed) industrial workers. Previous analyses of a subset of these data from the ONHS focused on 1172 highly "screened" workers. An additional 8.94 male workers (609 noise-exposed and 285 controls), who were excluded for various reasons (i.e., nonoccupational noise exposure, otologic or medical conditions affecting hearing, prior occupational noise exposure) have been added to examine hearing loss in an unscreened population. Data are analyzed by age, duration of exposure, and sound level (8-h TWA) by individual test frequency. Results indicate that hearing threshold levels are higher among unscreened noise-exposed and control workers relative to screened workers. Analysis of risk factors such as nonoccupational noise exposure, medical conditions, and type of industry among unscreened controls indicated that these factors were not significantly associated with increased mean HTLs or risk of material impairment over and above what is expected due to age. Age-specific mean hearing threshold levels (and percentiles of the distribution) among the unscreened ONHS control population may be used as a comparison population of low-noise exposed white male industrial workers for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing conservation programs for workers less than 55 years of age. To make valid inferences regarding occupational noise-induced hearing loss, it is important to use hearing data from reference (control) populations that are similar with respect to the degree of subject screening, type of work force (blue vs white collar), and the distribution of other risk factors for hearing loss. C1 NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Prince, MM (reprint author), NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Colombia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Legarth, Jonas/A-9156-2012 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 557 EP 567 DI 10.1121/1.1494993 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 582JK UT WOS:000177346900022 PM 12186037 ER PT J AU Archer, SL Greenlund, KJ Casper, ML Rith-Najarian, S Croft, JB AF Archer, SL Greenlund, KJ Casper, ML Rith-Najarian, S Croft, JB TI Associations of community-based health education programs with food habits and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Native Americans with diabetes: The Inter-Tribal Heart Project, 1992 to 1994 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INDIANS; PREVALENCE; CHIPPEWA C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL USA. Bemidji Indian Hlth Serv, Bemidji Area Off, Bemidji, MN USA. CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1132 EP 1135 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(02)80084-0 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 581JE UT WOS:000177287800019 PM 12171460 ER PT J AU Ramos, A Hu, DJ Nguyen, L Phan, KO Vanichseni, S Promadej, N Choopanya, K Callahan, M Young, NL McNicholl, J Mastro, TD Folks, TM Subbarao, S AF Ramos, A Hu, DJ Nguyen, L Phan, KO Vanichseni, S Promadej, N Choopanya, K Callahan, M Young, NL McNicholl, J Mastro, TD Folks, TM Subbarao, S TI Intersubtype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection following seroconversion to primary infection in two injection drug users SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV TYPE-1; SUBTYPE-E; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; DUAL INFECTIONS; B STRAINS; T-CELLS; THAILAND; BANGKOK; IDENTIFICATION AB In this study, we describe two cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) intersubtype superinfection with CRF01_AE and subtype B strains, which occurred in two injection drug users participating in a prospective cohort study in Bangkok, Thailand. In both cases, the superinfecting strain was detected by molecular and serologic analyses several weeks after complete seroconversion to the primary infection with a strain belonging to a different subtype. Superinfection occurred despite specific T-cell and humoral antibody responses to the primary virus. In both cases, cross-subtype immune responses were limited or absent prior to the second infection. These data show that, in some individuals, the quality and quantity of the immune response elicited by primary HIV-1 infection may not protect against superinfection. This finding has important implications for vaccine design. HIV-1 vaccines, at a minimum, will need to include potent, broadly protective, conserved immunogens derived from several group M subtypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Thai MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Subbarao, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 15 BP 7444 EP 7452 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.15.7444-7452.2002 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 571ZP UT WOS:000176749300008 PM 12097556 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Thompson, HA AF Miller, JD Thompson, HA TI Permeability of Coxiella burnetii to ribonucleosides SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE nucleosides and nucleotides; phase I and phase II activity; cell volume; growth in chick embryos ID CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI; PHASE-I; RICKETTSIA-PROWAZEKII; TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; RNA-SYNTHESIS; CELLS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; LYSOSOMES; TRACHOMATIS; NUCLEOTIDE AB Knowledge about transport in Coxiella burnetii, an obligate phagolysosomal parasite, is incomplete. The authors investigated the capability of isolated, intact, host-free Coxiella to transport ribonucleosides while incubated at a pH value typical of lysosomes. Because of the low activities and limitations of obtaining experimental quantities of isolated, purified Coxiella, incorporation of substrate into nucleic acid was used as a trap for determination of uptake abilities. Virulent wild-type (phase 1) organisms possessed uptake capability for all ribonucleosides. Both phase I and phase 11 (avirulent) organisms incorporated the purine nucleosides guanosine, adenosine and inosine, and showed a more limited uptake of thymidine and uridine. Both phases were poorly active in cytidine uptake. Neither phase of the organism was capable of transport and incorporation of NTPs, CMP, cytosine or uracil. Water space experiments confirmed that the uptake process concentrated the purine nucleosides within the cytoplasm of both wild-type and phase 11 Coxiella via a low-pH-dependent mechanism. Comparison of uptake rates in Escherichia coli versus Coxiella verified that the incorporation of ribonucleosides by Coxiella is a slow process. It is concluded that Coxiella possesses some transport pathways consistent with utilization of pools of nucleosides found within its host cell lysosomal pathway. C1 W Virginia Univ, Robert E Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Thompson, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Q Fever Unit, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI34984-03] NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2002 VL 148 BP 2393 EP 2403 PN 8 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 585NA UT WOS:000177529800017 PM 12177333 ER PT J AU Saarinen, NM Huovinen, R Warri, A Makela, SI Valentin-Blasini, L Sjoholm, R Ammala, J Lehtila, R Sjoholm, R Ammala, J Lehtila, R Eckerman, C Collan, YU Santti, RS AF Saarinen, NM Huovinen, R Warri, A Makela, SI Valentin-Blasini, L Sjoholm, R Ammala, J Lehtila, R Sjoholm, R Ammala, J Lehtila, R Eckerman, C Collan, YU Santti, RS TI Enterolactone inhibits the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas in the rat SO MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN LIGNANS ENTEROLACTONE; BREAST-CANCER; AROMATASE; FLAXSEED; CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLISM; ENTERODIOL; CGS-16949A; ANTITUMOR; PRECURSOR AB The inverse association between a high enterolactone (ENL) concentration in both urine and serum, and the risk of breast cancer found in epidemiological studies suggests a chemopreventive action for ENL. However, no causal relationship has been established in clinical studies or in experimental models for breast cancer. In the present study, the potential chemopreventive action of p.o. administered ENL (1 or 10 mg/kg of body weight) was tested in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary cancers of the rat. Rats were maintained on a standard open-formula chow diet. Daily p.o. administration of ENL at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight for 7 weeks significantly inhibited tumor growth. The growth-inhibitory effect of ENL was more pronounced on the new tumors, which developed during the treatment period, but ENL also inhibited the growth of those tumors established before the start of the lignan administration. The rat serum concentration of ENL, which illustrated a permanent positive effect on breast cancer growth, was 0.4 muM, which is >10-fold as compared with the serum concentrations found in the general human population. The effect of ENL was not restricted to any specific histological tumor type. ENL was demonstrated to act as a weak aromatase inhibitor in vitro and to reduce the relative uterine weight of the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated nonovariectomized rats. However, in a short-term assay ENL had no effect on the uterine growth of the intact or androstenedione-treated immature rats. Thus, the mechanism of the ENL action and its minimum or optimal daily dose remains to be clarified. C1 Univ Turku, Inst Biomed, Dept Anat, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Univ Turku, Inst Microbiol & Pathol, Dept Pathol, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Turku Univ, Cent Hosp, Dept Radiotherapy & Oncol, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland. Karolinska Inst, NOVUM, Dept Med Nutr, Unit Prevent Nutr, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Abo Akad Univ, Lab Forest Prod Chem, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland. RP Saarinen, NM (reprint author), Univ Turku, Inst Biomed, Dept Anat, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. NR 34 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1535-7163 J9 MOL CANCER THER JI Mol. Cancer Ther. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 10 BP 869 EP 876 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 607BN UT WOS:000178770700013 PM 12492120 ER PT J AU Kaufman, M Gaydos, CA Sriram, S Boman, J Tondella, ML Norton, HJ AF Kaufman, M Gaydos, CA Sriram, S Boman, J Tondella, ML Norton, HJ TI Is Chlamlydia pneumoniae found in spinal fluid samples from multiple sclerosis patients? Conflicting results SO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia pneumoniae; multiple sclerosis; polymerase chain reaction ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; INFECTION; PCR; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PSITTACI; 16S; MS AB Cerebrospinal fluid samples from controls and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were split and sent to laboratories with different experiences for the detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction. Vanderbilt investigators identified C. pneumoniae in the majority of patients with MS and uncommonly in controls. Laboratories at Johns Hopkins University, University of Ume (a) over circle, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention did not identify C. pneumoniae in any of the samples. Conflicting reports of C. pneumoniae detection in the same samples from patients with MS highlight the need to exchange detection techniques among laboratories involved in this controversy. C1 Carolinas Med Ctr, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Virol, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaufman, M (reprint author), MS Ctr, POB 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 1352-4585 J9 MULT SCLER JI Mult. Scler. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1191/1352458502ms815oa PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 572XM UT WOS:000176800300005 PM 12166498 ER PT J AU Alrajhi, AA De Vol, EB Maguire, JH AF Alrajhi, AA De Vol, EB Maguire, JH TI Fluconazole for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID PAROMOMYCIN OINTMENT; CLINICAL-TRIAL C1 King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Alrajhi, AA (reprint author), King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 5 BP 370 EP 371 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587WC UT WOS:000177665900028 ER PT J AU Scanlon, KS Alexander, MP Serdula, MK Davis, MK Bowman, BA AF Scanlon, KS Alexander, MP Serdula, MK Davis, MK Bowman, BA TI Assessment of infant feeding: The validity of measuring milk intake SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE doubly labeled water; test weighing; breast milk; validity; human milk ID BREAST-FED INFANTS; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; FORMULA-FED INFANTS; DEUTERIUM DILUTION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PRETERM INFANTS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; DISEASE; BALANCE; MOTHER AB Accurate assessment of infant feeding is needed for clinical practice and research. We identified 32 studies that evaluated the validity of direct observation, test weighing, or doubly labeled water methods. Cot-relations with validation standards were highest for doubly labeled water and test weighing, and lowest for observation. Cost and availability of isotope may limit the doubly labeled water method to research studies, whereas observation may be useful for clinical practice. Test weighing could be applied to either setting, but it may be practical to sample less frequently over 24 hours. Validity results and intended use of the, measurement should be considered when selecting a method. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Scanlon, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 60 IS 8 BP 235 EP 251 DI 10.1301/002966402320289368 PG 17 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 582WC UT WOS:000177373300002 PM 12199299 ER PT J AU Pang, JWY Heffelfinger, JD Huang, GJ Benedetti, TJ Weiss, NS AF Pang, JWY Heffelfinger, JD Huang, GJ Benedetti, TJ Weiss, NS TI Outcomes of planned home births in Washington State: 1989-1996 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OF-HOSPITAL BIRTHS; UNITED-STATES; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; MIDWIFERY PRACTICE; INFANT-MORTALITY; AUSTRALIA; SAFETY AB OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there was a difference between planned home births and planned hospital births in Washington State with regard to certain adverse infant Outcomes (neonatal death, low Apgar score, need for ventilator support) and maternal outcomes (prolonged labor, postpartum bleeding). METHODS: We examined birth registry information fro Washington State during 1989-1996 on uncomplicated singleton pregnancies of at least 34 weeks' gestation that either were delivered at home by a health professional (N = 5854) or were transferred to medical facilities after attempted delivery at home (N = 279). These intended home births were compared with births of singletons planned to be born in hospitals (N = 10,593) during the same years. RESULTS: Infants of planned home deliveries were at increased risk of neonatal death (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 3.73), and Apgar score no higher than 3 at 5 minutes (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.29, 4.16). These same relationships remained when the analysis was restricted to pregnancies of at least 3 7 weeks' gestation. Among nulliparous women only, these deliveries also were associated with an increased risk of prolonged labor (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.28, 2.34) and postpartum bleeding (RR 2.76, 95% CI 1.74, 4.36). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that planned home births in Washington State during 1989-1996 had greater infant and maternal risks than did hospital births. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pang, JWY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 15 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 100 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02074-4 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02074-4 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 578ZV UT WOS:000177151700009 PM 12151146 ER PT J AU Rogers, LQ Macera, CA Hootman, JM Ainsworth, BE Blair, SN AF Rogers, LQ Macera, CA Hootman, JM Ainsworth, BE Blair, SN TI The association between joint stress from physical activity and self-reported osteoarthritis: an analysis of the Cooper Clinic data SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE exercise; epidemiology; risk factor; joint stress; osteoarthritis ID RADIOGRAPHIC KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; RISK-FACTORS; HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS; FITNESS; WOMEN; MORTALITY; SPORTS; MEN AB Objective: The purpose was to evaluate the association between estimated joint stress from physical activity (PA) and hip/knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design: A nested case-control study was performed using data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Participants without self-reported OA at baseline who attended the clinic between 1974 and 1993 and returned a follow-up questionnaire in 1990 or 1995 were eligible. Cases were those who reported a physician diagnosis of OA of the knee and/or hip at follow-up (N = 415). A random sample of persons in the remaining cohort were classified as controls (N = 1995). PA was measured at baseline by self-report and subjects were classified as 'moderate/high' or 'low' joint stress by PA type. Those reporting no PA were classified as sedentary with 'no' joint stress (the reference group). Men and women were analyzed separately. Stratified analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between hip/knee CA and joint stress as predicted by PA. Results: After adjustment for age, body mass index, years of follow-up, and history of hip/knee joint injury, among men, there was no association between hip/knee CA and low joint stress while moderate/high joint stress was associated with reduced risk of hip/knee OA (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43-0.89). Among women, both levels of joint stress were associated with reduced risk of hip/knee OA (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.34-0.99 for low and OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11-0.52 for moderate/high). Conclusions: PA may reduce the risk of hip/knee OA, especially among women. Further research should assess the combined effects of frequency, intensity, duration and joint stress level of PA on incidence of hip/knee OA. (C) 2002 OsteoArthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Cooper Inst Aerob Res, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Rogers, LQ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, POB 19636, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-06945] NR 27 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD AUG PY 2002 VL 10 IS 8 BP 617 EP 622 DI 10.1053/joca.2002.0802 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 594GD UT WOS:000178040100004 PM 12479383 ER PT J AU Chearskul, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Simonds, RJ Wanprapar, N Waranawat, N Punpanich, W Chokephaibulkit, K Mock, PA Neeyapun, K Jetsawang, B Teeraratkul, A Supapol, W Mastro, TD Shaffer, N AF Chearskul, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Simonds, RJ Wanprapar, N Waranawat, N Punpanich, W Chokephaibulkit, K Mock, PA Neeyapun, K Jetsawang, B Teeraratkul, A Supapol, W Mastro, TD Shaffer, N CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HI TI Survival, disease manifestations, and early predictors of disease progression among children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection in Thailand SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vertical human immunodeficiency virus; transmission; children; human immunodeficiency virus infection; Thailand ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; ACQUIRED HIV-INFECTION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; INFANTS; RISK; LOAD; PROPHYLAXIS; ZIDOVUDINE; MORTALITY AB Objective. To describe survival and signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in perinatally infected children in Thailand. Methods. At 2 large Bangkok hospitals, 295 infants born to HIV-infected mothers were enrolled at birth from November 1992 through September 1994 and followed up with clinical and laboratory evaluations every 1 to 3 months for 18 months. Infected children remained in follow-up thereafter. For the infected children, we used data collected through October 2000 to estimate survival times and compare characteristics among those whose disease progressed at rapid (died within 1 year), intermediate (died at 1-5 years), and slow (survived at least 5 years) rates. Results. None of the 213 uninfected children died during the follow-up period. Of the 68 infected children, 31 (46%) died; median survival was 60 months (95% confidence interval: 31-89 months). The most common cause of death was pneumonia (52% of deaths). Thirty-two children (47%) started antiretroviral therapy. Six children died in their first year before developing specific signs of HIV infection; all others developed signs of HIV infection between 1 and 42 months old (median: 4 months). Severe clinical (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Class C) conditions were diagnosed in 23 children at a median age of 12 months, 15 (65%) of whom died a median of 3 months later. Compared with children whose disease progressed slowly, those whose disease progressed rapidly gained less weight by 4 months old (median 1.7 vs 2.6 kg), and their mothers had higher viral loads (median 5.1 vs 4.5 log(10) copies/mL) and lower CD4(+) counts (median 350 vs 470 cells/muL) at delivery. Conclusions. Among HIV-infected Thai children, survival times are longer than among children in many African countries, but shorter than among children in the United States and Europe. Signs of HIV develop early in most children. Growth failure and advanced maternal disease can predict rapid HIV disease progression and may be useful markers for treatment decisions. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Dept Med Serv, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chearskul, S (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 IS 2 AR e25 DI 10.1542/peds.110.2.e25 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 581DA UT WOS:000177274800011 PM 12165624 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Barker, LE Mokdad, AH Luman, ET Sutter, RW Chu, SY AF Strine, TW Barker, LE Mokdad, AH Luman, ET Sutter, RW Chu, SY TI Vaccination coverage of foreign-born children 19 to 35 months of age: Findings from the National Immunization Survey, 1999-2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immigrants; child; immunization programs; vaccines; vaccinations; health surveys AB Objective. To compare coverage estimates of foreign-born children 19 to 35 months old with those of US-born children of the same age group. Methods. The National Immunization Survey is a multistage, random-digit dialing survey designed to measure vaccination coverage estimates of US children 19 to 35 months old. Data from 1999-2000 were combined to permit comparison of vaccination coverage among foreign- and US-born children. Results. Foreign-born and US-born children 19 to 35 months of age had comparable 3: 3: 1 series coverage (3 or more doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine [DTP/DTaP/DT], 3 or more doses of poliovirus vaccine, and 1 or more doses of measles-containing vaccine), the standard in most countries. However, coverage for a US standard, 4: 3: 1: 3 series (4 or more doses of DTP/DTaP/DT, 3 or more doses of poliovirus vaccine, 1 or more doses of measles-containing vaccine, and an adequate number of Haemophlius influenzae type b [Hib] doses based on age at first dose) was lower among foreign-born children because of markedly lower Hib cover and marginally lower DTP/DTaP/DT coverage. In addition, hepatitis B coverage was markedly lower in foreign-born children. Conclusion. Lower vaccination coverage among foreign-born children, especially against Hib and hepatitis B, is of concern because foreign-born children often live in households and communities characterized by more intense exposure to these diseases, and many originate from countries with much higher prevalence rates of these diseases than the United States. The differences in Hib and hepatitis B coverage suggest a need for increased culturally competent public health immunization interventions to increase coverage among foreign-born children. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Assessment Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Assessment Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 IS 2 AR e15 DI 10.1542/peds.110.2.e15 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 581DA UT WOS:000177274800001 PM 12165614 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RK Mieczkowski, TA Mainzer, HM Medsger, AR Nowalk, MP AF Zimmerman, RK Mieczkowski, TA Mainzer, HM Medsger, AR Nowalk, MP TI Understanding physician agreement with varicella immunization guidelines SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE immunization programs/utilization; child health services; guidelines; chicken pox vaccine ID VACCINE; CHILDREN; RECOMMENDATIONS; MODEL AB Background. Although varicella vaccine was licensed in 1995, immunization rates are only moderate. This study identifies factors associated with physician self-reported likelihood of recommending varicella vaccination to patients. Methods. Two hundred eighty-one Minnesota and Pennsylvania primary care physicians who participated in surveys on barriers to vaccination in 19901991 and 1993 were surveyed in 1999, assessing physicians' beliefs about varicella disease and vaccine and their self-reported likelihood of recommending varicella vaccine to three age groups of children. Results. Most (79, 80, and 83%) were likely to recommend varicella vaccine for 12- to 18-month old, 4- to 6-year-old, and 11- to 12-year old children, respectively, and most (78%) agreed with national recommendations to vaccinate. If physicians believed that the vaccine would fail, they were less likely to recommend varicella vaccination for 12- to 18-month-old (70% vs 85%, P = 0.001) and 4- to 6-year-old (83% vs 85%, P = 0.001) children, than if they believed in its efficacy. Pediatricians were more likely to recommend varicella vaccine than were family physicians and general practitioners (P < 0.01). Conclusions. Physicians, especially pediatricians, report that they recommend varicella vaccination when they agree with national recommendations, believe in the efficacy of the vaccine, and perceive that parents want the vaccine for their children. (C) 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv Adm, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zimmerman, RK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, 3518 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. OI Zimmerman, Richard/0000-0001-5941-6092 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS 247-14/15] NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1006/pmed.2002.1068 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 583GA UT WOS:000177397400007 PM 12200098 ER PT J AU Anda, RF Whitfield, CL Felitti, VJ Chapman, D Edwards, VJ Dube, SR Williamson, DF AF Anda, RF Whitfield, CL Felitti, VJ Chapman, D Edwards, VJ Dube, SR Williamson, DF TI Adverse, childhood experiences, alcoholic parents, an later risk of alcoholism and depression SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL ABUSE; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; FAMILY VIOLENCE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; MENTAL-HEALTH; CHILDREN; WOMEN; DISORDERS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AB Objective: The study examined how growing up with alcoholic parents and having adverse childhood experiences are related to the risk of alcoholism and depression in adulthood. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 9,346 adults who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization completed a survey about nine adverse childhood experiences: experiencing childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; witnessing domestic violence; parental separation or divorce; and growing up with drug-abusing, mentally ill, suicidal, or criminal household members.. The associations between parental alcohol abuse, the adverse experiences, and alcoholism and depression in adulthood were assessed by logistic regression analyses. Results: The risk of having had all nine of the adverse childhood experiences was significantly greater among the 20 percent of respondents who reported parental alcohol abuse. The number of adverse experiences had a graded relationship to alcoholism and depression in adulthood, independent of parental alcohol abuse. The prevalence of alcoholism was higher among persons who reported parental alcohol abuse, no matter how many adverse experiences they reported. The association between parental alcohol abuse and depression was accounted for by the higher risk of having adverse childhood experiences in alcoholic families. Conclusions: Children in alcoholic households are more likely to have adverse experiences. The risk of alcoholism and depression in adulthood increases as the number of reported adverse experiences increases regardless of parental alcohol abuse. Depression among adult children of alcoholics appears to be largely, if not solely, due to the greater likelihood of having had adverse childhood experiences in a home with alcohol-abusing parents. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Anda, RF (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-47,4770 Budford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 82 TC 245 Z9 251 U1 6 U2 44 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIATR SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1001 EP 1009 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.53.8.1001 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 579KL UT WOS:000177177100016 PM 12161676 ER PT J AU Olney, RS Mulinare, J AF Olney, RS Mulinare, J TI Trends in neural tube defect prevalence, folic acid fortification, and vitamin supplement use SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FOOD FORTIFICATION; PREVENTION; FOLATE; SURVEILLANCE; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Olney, RS (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1053/sper.2002.34773 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 586XL UT WOS:000177611400006 PM 12211618 ER PT J AU Silverberg, MJ Ahdieh, L Munoz, A Anastos, K Burk, RD Cu-Uvin, S Duerr, A Greenblatt, RM Klein, RS Massad, S Minkoff, H Muderspach, L Palefsky, J Piessens, E Schuman, P Watts, H Shah, KV AF Silverberg, MJ Ahdieh, L Munoz, A Anastos, K Burk, RD Cu-Uvin, S Duerr, A Greenblatt, RM Klein, RS Massad, S Minkoff, H Muderspach, L Palefsky, J Piessens, E Schuman, P Watts, H Shah, KV TI The impact of HIV infection and immunodeficiency on human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 infection and on genital warts SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WOMENS INTERAGENCY HIV; HIGH-RISK; UNINFECTED WOMEN; SERONEGATIVE WOMEN; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; TRACT INFECTIONS; VIRUS INFECTION; NEGATIVE WOMEN; CONDYLOMATA; PREVALENCE AB Background: HIV infection and associated immunodeficiency are known to alter the course of human papillomavirus (HPV)infections and of associated diseases. Goal: This study investigated the association between HIV and HPV and genital warts. Study Design: HPV testing and physical examinations were performed in two large prospective studies: the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WHIS) and the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). Statistical methods incorporating dependencies of longitudinal data were used to examine the relationship between HIV and HPV and genital warts. Results: A total of 1008 HIV-seronegative and 2930 HIV-seropositive women were enrolled in the two studies. The prevalence of HPV 6 or 11 was 5.6 times higher in HIV-seropositive women in the WIHS and 3.6 times higher in the HERS. Genital wart prevalence increased by a factor of 3.2 in the WHIS and 2.7 in the HERS in HIV-seropositive women. In the WHIS, infection with HPV type 6 or 11, in comparison with no HPV infection, was associated with odds of genital wart prevalence of 5.1 (95% CI: 2.9-8.8), 8.8 (95% CI: 6.1-12.8), and 12.8 (95% CI: 8.8-18.8) in HIV-seronegative women, HIV-seropositive women with greater than or equal to201 CD4 cells/mul, and HIV-seropositive women with less than or equal to200 CD4 cells/mul, respectively. In the HERS, infection with HPV type 6 or 11 was associated with odds of 2.7 (95% CI: 1.6-4.6), 4.9 (95 % CI: 3.2-7.7), and 5.3 (95% CI: 3.3-8.5) in these same groups. Other HPV types showed a similar dose-response relation, but of substantially lower magnitude and statistical significance. Conclusions: HIV infection and immunodeficiency synergistically modified the relation between HPV 6 or 11 infection and genital wart prevalence. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Maimonides Hosp, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Shah, KV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E-2039, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1097/00007435-200208000-00001 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 581XF UT WOS:000177319300001 PM 12172526 ER PT J AU Gorbach, PM Stoner, BP Aral, SO Whittington, WLH Holmes, KK AF Gorbach, PM Stoner, BP Aral, SO Whittington, WLH Holmes, KK TI "It takes a village" - Understanding concurrent sexual partnerships in Seattle, Washington SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPREAD; HIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; NETWORKS; THAILAND; RISK; MEN AB Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are efficiently spread via concurrent partnerships. Goal: This study identifies patterns of concurrency in Seattle STI clinics and community samples to enhance partner notification and counseling. Study Design: Semistructured interviews with heterosexuals (108 with gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, or nongonococcal urethritis and 120 from high STI prevalence and randomly selected neighborhoods) were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for content. Results: Six main forms of concurrency were identified: experimental, separational, transitional, reciprocal, reactive, and compensatory. Experimental concurrency, overlapping short-term partnerships, was most common. Men practiced concurrency to avoid becoming partnerless during partnership disintegration; more women, especially STI patients, reported reactive concurrency, recruiting new partners rather than leaving partners with other partners. Concurrency clustered by age and when occurring during separation and transitioning between partners was socially acceptable. Conclusions: Prevalence of concurrent partnerships in all groups studied suggests linkages to individuals' life stage and some social acceptability. STI programs should develop prevention messages to reflect different forms of concurrency. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Gorbach, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 07149, AI 31448] NR 18 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1097/00007435-200208000-00004 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 581XF UT WOS:000177319300004 PM 12172529 ER PT J AU Lawson, PA Falsen, E Inganas, E Weyant, RS Collins, MD AF Lawson, PA Falsen, E Inganas, E Weyant, RS Collins, MD TI Dysgonomonas mossii sp nov., from human sources SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dysgonomonas mossii sp nov.; 16S rRNA; phylogeny; taxonomy ID CDC GROUP DF-3; DYSGONIC FERMENTER-3; ACID AB Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on seven unidentified Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, coccobacillus-shaped organisms isolated from human clinical specimens. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that four of the strains corresponded to Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides whereas the remaining three isolates represent a new sub-line within the genus Dysgonomonas, displaying greater than 5% sequence divergence with Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides and Dysgonomonas gadei. The three novel isolates were readily distinguished from D.capnocytophagoides and D. gadei by biochemical tests. The DNA base composition of the novel species was consistent with its assignment to the genus Dysgonomonas. Based oil phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown species, be classified as Dysgonomonas mossii sp. nov. The type strain of Dysgonomonas mossii is CCUG 43457(T) (= CIP 107079(T)). C1 Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Clin Bacteriol, Culture Collect, Gothenburg, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Bacteriol Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. RI Lawson, Paul/E-3760-2012 NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 194 EP 197 DI 10.1078/0723-2020-00107 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 601QH UT WOS:000178458000004 PM 12353872 ER PT J AU Petrovec, M Bidovec, A Sumner, JW Nicholson, WL Childs, JE Avsic-Zupanc, T AF Petrovec, M Bidovec, A Sumner, JW Nicholson, WL Childs, JE Avsic-Zupanc, T TI Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophila in cervids from Slovenia: Evidence of two genotypic lineages SO WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tick-Transmitted Diseases CY SEP, 2001 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA DE Anaplasma phagocytophila; Ehrlichia; human ehrlichlosis; cervidae ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; LYME BORRELIOSIS; HGE AGENT; SWITZERLAND; EUROPE AB Objective: Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was recently recognized as an emerging tickborne infection in Europe. The disease is caused by Anaplasma (previously Ehrlichia) phagocytophila. The first confirmed acute human disease caused by A. phagocytophila was reported from Slovenia in 1998. The tick Ixodes ricinus was identified as the likely vector for this pathogen of humans and animals in Europe. In order to assess the possibility that roe and red deer in Slovenia serve as potential reservoir hosts for A. phagocytophila, materials from both species were examined. Methods: Samples were obtained from 32 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 56 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Polyvalent antibodies to the USG3 isolate of Anaplasma phagocytophila were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). DNA was extracted from spleen tissue. The 16S rRNA gene and a portion of the groESL heat shock operon were used for PCR detection and subsequent direct sequencing of amplified products, Results: Serological and PCR results indicated that high proportions of roe and red deer were infected with A. phagocytophila. Infection was confirmed in 74% of the animals by IFA and in 86% of animals by PCR. While similar prevalences by PCR were seen in the two species (similar to86%), the prevalence of antibodies was much higher in roe deer (94% vs. 35% in red deer). Sequence analysis of a 1256-bp fragment of the groESL operon revealed genetic diversity among collected samples. Identity of sequences ranging from 98% to 100%. None of the A. phagocytophila groESL and 16S rRNA gene sequences from red or roe deer were identical to the sequences previously obtained from human patients with ehrlichiosis from Slovenia or elsewhere in the world. All red deer sequences clustered with those obtained from humans, whereas all but two sequences from roe deer clustered separately. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that a high percentage of red deer and roe deer in Slovenia are infected with A. phagocytophila. Analysis of groESL and 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed two distinct genetic lineages. Among deer, one variant was primarily associated with roe deer. Although none of the sequences from red deer was identical to those found in humans, they were more closely related. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Vet, Inst Wildlife Pathol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Petrovec, M (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Zaloka 4, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 38 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0043-5325 J9 WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR JI Wien. Klin. Wochen. PD JUL 31 PY 2002 VL 114 IS 13-14 BP 641 EP 647 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 581HV UT WOS:000177286700035 PM 12422618 ER PT J AU Newton, R Ziegler, J Ateenyi-Agaba, C Bousarghin, L Casabonne, D Beral, V Mbidde, E Carpenter, L Reeves, G Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Bourboulia, D Boshoff, C Touze, A Coursaget, P AF Newton, R Ziegler, J Ateenyi-Agaba, C Bousarghin, L Casabonne, D Beral, V Mbidde, E Carpenter, L Reeves, G Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Bourboulia, D Boshoff, C Touze, A Coursaget, P CA Uganda Kaposis Sarcoma Study Grp TI The epidemiology of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE conjunctival carcinoma; HIV; HPV; KSHV; HHV-8; Uganda ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; HIV-INFECTION; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIBODIES; PARTICLES; CAPSIDS; NEOPLASIA AB As part of a larger investigation of cancer in Uganda, we conducted a case-control study of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in adults presenting at hospitals in Kampala. Participants were inter-viewed about social and lifestyle factors and had blood tested for antibodies to HIV, KSHV and HPV-16, -18 and -45. The odds of each factor among 60 people with conjunctival cancer was compared to that among 12 14 controls with other cancer sites or types, using odds ratios, estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Conjunctival cancer was associated with HIV infection (OR 10.1, 95% confidence intervals [Cl] 5.2- 19.4; P<0.001), and was less common in those with a higher personal income (OR 0.4, 95% Cl 0.3-1.2; P < 0.001). The risk of conjunctival cancer increased with increasing time spent in cultivation and therefore in direct sunlight (chi(2) trend=3.9, P=0.05), but decreased with decreasing age at leaving home (chi(2) trend=3.9, P=0.05), perhaps reflecting less exposure to sunlight consequent to working in towns, although both results were of borderline statistical significance. To reduce confounding, sexual and reproductive variables were examined among HIV seropositive individuals only. Cases were more likely than controls to report that they had given or received gifts for sex (OR 3.5, 95% Cl 1.2-10.4 P=0.03), but this may have been a chance finding as no other sexual or reproductive variable was associated with conjunctival cancer, including the number of self-reported lifetime sexual partners (P=0.4). The seroprevalence of antibodies against HPV-18 and -45 was too low to make reliable conclusions. The presence of anti-HPV-16 antibodies was not significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (OR 1.5, 95% Cl 0.5-4.3; P=0.5) and nor were anti-KSHV antibodies (OR 0.9, 95% Cl 0.4-2.1; P=0.8). The 10-fold increased risk of conjunctival cancer in HIV infected individuals is similar to results from other studies. The role of other oncogenic viral infections is unclear. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK. C1 Canc Res UK, Radcliffe Infirm, Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Uganda Canc Inst, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Kampala, Uganda. INSERM, Mol Virol Lab, F-37200 Tours, France. INRA, USC, Fac Pharm, F-37200 Tours, France. Uganda Virus Res Inst, MRC, Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UCL, Wolfson Inst Med Res, London, England. RP Newton, R (reprint author), Canc Res UK, Radcliffe Infirm, Epidemiol Unit, Gibson Bldg, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. EM rob_newton@cancerorg.uk RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Casabonne, Delphine/H-6425-2014 NR 46 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 87 IS 3 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600451 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 583XD UT WOS:000177435600010 PM 12177799 ER PT J AU Pisell, TL Hoffmann, IF Jere, CS Ballard, SB Molyneux, ME Butera, ST Lawn, SD AF Pisell, TL Hoffmann, IF Jere, CS Ballard, SB Molyneux, ME Butera, ST Lawn, SD TI Immune activation and induction of HIV-1 replication within CD14 macrophages during acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE malaria; HIV-1 replication; CD14; Plasmodium falciparum; coinfection; macrophage ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; TYPE-1 REPLICATION; VIRAL LOAD; TUBERCULOSIS; INDIVIDUALS; TRANSMISSION; BLOOD AB Objectives: To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals (n = 10) at diagnosis of acute malaria, 4 weeks after parasite clearance and from HIV-infected aparasitemic controls (n = 10). Immunomagnetic HIV-1 capture analysis was used to determine the cellular origin of cell-free virus particles present in all 30 plasma samples and indices of immune activation were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. Parasite clearance following treatment with antimalarial drugs resulted in decreased detection of HIV-1 particles derived from the CD14 macrophage cell subset and correlated with a marked diminution in systemic immune activation. Conclusions: Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Coll Med, Dept Med, Blantyre, Malawi. Coll Med, Malaria Project, Blantyre, Malawi. Coll Med, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Blantyre, Malawi. Univ Liverpool, Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Hosp Trop Dis, Mortimer Market,Capper St, London WC1E 6AU, England. FU PHS HHS [R0149381, UO31496] NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 26 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1097/00002030-200207260-00007 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 578HT UT WOS:000177111900007 PM 12131188 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Zell, ER Lynfield, R Roome, A Arnold, KE Craig, AS Harrison, LH Reingold, A Stefonek, K Smith, G Gamble, M Schuchat, A AF Schrag, SJ Zell, ER Lynfield, R Roome, A Arnold, KE Craig, AS Harrison, LH Reingold, A Stefonek, K Smith, G Gamble, M Schuchat, A CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI A population-based comparison of strategies to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal disease in neonates SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROTOCOLS; SURVEILLANCE; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION AB Background Guidelines issued in 1996 in the United States recommend either screening of pregnant women for group B streptococcal colonization by means of cultures (screening approach) or assessing clinical risk factors (risk-based approach) to identify candidates for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods In a multistate retrospective cohort study, we compared the effectiveness of the screening and risk based approaches in preventing early-onset group B streptococcal disease (in infants less than seven days old). We studied a stratified random sample of the 629,912 live births in 1998 and 1999 in eight geographical areas where there was active surveillance for group B streptococcal infection, including all births in which the neonate had early-onset disease. Women with no documented culture for group B streptococcus were considered to have been cared for according to the risk-based approach. Results We studied 5144 births, including 312 in which the newborn had early-onset group B streptococcal disease. Antenatal screening was documented for 52 percent of the mothers. The risk of early-onset disease was significantly lower among the infants of screened women than among those in the risk-based group (adjusted relative risk, 0.46; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.60). Because women whose providers had no strategy for prophylaxis may have been misclassified in the risk based group, we excluded all women with risk factors and adequate time for prophylaxis who did not receive antibiotics. The adjusted relative risk of early-onset disease associated with the screening approach in this secondary analysis was similar - 0.48 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.63). Conclusions Routine screening, for group B streptococcus during pregnancy prevents more cases of early-onset disease than the risk-based approach. Recommendations that endorse both strategies as equivalent warrant reconsideration. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Dept Human Sern, Hlth Serv, Portland, OR USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS-C23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 283 Z9 304 U1 3 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 25 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 4 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa020205 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 587WB UT WOS:000177665800002 PM 12140298 ER PT J AU Kacica, MA Drabkin, P Smith, PF Crucetti, J Blake, P Lance-Parker, S Fletcher, J Morin, C Simoes, E Rubin, C Malone, J Smith, N AF Kacica, MA Drabkin, P Smith, PF Crucetti, J Blake, P Lance-Parker, S Fletcher, J Morin, C Simoes, E Rubin, C Malone, J Smith, N TI Update: Rashes among schoolchildren - 27 states, October 4, 2001-June 3, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 524-527, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Albany Cty Hlth Dept, Albany, NY USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hleth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kacica, MA (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 24 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 4 BP 442 EP 444 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 575NZ UT WOS:000176955400011 ER PT J AU Page, EH Martinez, KF Seitz, TA Bernard, BP Tepper, AL Weyant, RS Quinn, CP Rosenstein, NE Perkins, BA Popovic, T Holmes, HT Shepard, CW AF Page, EH Martinez, KF Seitz, TA Bernard, BP Tepper, AL Weyant, RS Quinn, CP Rosenstein, NE Perkins, BA Popovic, T Holmes, HT Shepard, CW TI Public health dispatch: Update: Cutaneous anthrax in a laboratory worker - Texas, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 482, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Page, EH (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 24 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 4 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 575NZ UT WOS:000176955400012 ER PT J AU Mainelis, G Gorny, RL Reponen, T Trunov, M Grinshpun, SA Baron, P Yadav, J Willeke, K AF Mainelis, G Gorny, RL Reponen, T Trunov, M Grinshpun, SA Baron, P Yadav, J Willeke, K TI Effect of electrical charges and fields on injury and viability of airborne bacteria SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE charging of airborne microorganisms; electrical field; P. fluorescens; B. subtilis; relative recovery ID AEROSOL COLLECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROORGANISMS; SURFACE; IMPINGEMENT; IMPACTION; EFFICACY; RECOVERY; LIQUID; SYSTEM AB In this study, the effects of the electric charges and fields on the viability of airborne microorganisms were investigated. The electric charges of different magnitude and polarity were imparted on airborne microbial cells by a means of induction charging; The airborne microorganisms carrying different electric charge levels were then extracted by an electric mobility analyzer and collected using a microbial sampler. It was found that the viability of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, used as a model for sensitive bacteria, carrying a net charge from 4100 negative to 30 positive elementary charges ranged between 40% and 60%; the viability of the cells carrying >2700 positive charges was below 1.5%. In contrast, the viability of the stress-resistant spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger (used as simulant of anthrax-causing Bacillus anthracis spores when testing bioaerosol sensors in various studies), was not affected by the amount of electric charges on the spores. Because bacterial cells depend on their membrane potential for basic metabolic activities, drastic changes occurring in the membrane potential during aerosolization and the local electric fields induced by the imposed charges appeared to affect the sensitive cells' viability. These findings facilitate applications of electric charging for environmental control purposes involving sterilization of bacterial cells by imposing high electric charges on them. The findings from this study can also be used in the development of new bioaerosol sampling methods based on electrostatic principles. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Aerosol Res & Exposure Assessment Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Microbiol Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Mainelis, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. RI Mainelis, Gediminas/A-9340-2013 OI Mainelis, Gediminas/0000-0002-5837-0413 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH03463] NR 36 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1002/bit.10290 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 564XX UT WOS:000176339800013 PM 12115440 ER PT J AU Garcia-Rivera, EJ Rigau-Perez, JG AF Garcia-Rivera, EJ Rigau-Perez, JG TI Encephalitis and dengue SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Garcia-Rivera, EJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 20 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9328 BP 261 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09481-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 576DX UT WOS:000176988500046 PM 12133691 ER PT J CA CDC TI Trends in cigarette smoking among high school students - United States, 1991-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 409-412, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 3 BP 308 EP 309 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 573AK UT WOS:000176807000010 ER PT J AU Williams, JE Ayala, CS Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Keenan, NL Neff, LJ Zheng, ZJ Mensah, GA AF Williams, JE Ayala, CS Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Keenan, NL Neff, LJ Zheng, ZJ Mensah, GA CA CDC TI State-specific mortality from stroke and distribution of place of death - United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 429-433, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williams, JE (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 17 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 3 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 573AK UT WOS:000176807000011 ER PT J AU Rosenson, RS Otvos, JD Freedman, DS AF Rosenson, RS Otvos, JD Freedman, DS TI Relations of lipoprotein subclass levels and low-density lipoprotein size to progression of coronary artery disease in the pravastatin limitation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (PLAC-I) trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE; MEN; EVENTS; RISK; HDL; SUBFRACTIONS; ASSOCIATIONS; REGRESSION; PARTICLES AB \Lipoprotein subclass measurements may enhance the prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, but clinical application of such information has been hindered by the relatively laborious and time-consuming nature of laboratory measurement methods. In this study, lipoprotein subclass analyses were performed on frozen plasma samples from 241 participants in the Pravastatin Limitation of Atherosclerosis in the Coronary arteries Trial using an automated nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The objective was to determine if levels of these subclasses provided additional information on the progression of CAD, based on the change in the minimum lumen diameter, over a 3-year period. After adjustment for race, sex, age, treatment group, baseline lumen diameter, and chemically measured levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, on-trial predictors (p < 0.05) of progression included an elevated LDL particle number, and levels of small LDL and small HDL. Within treatment groups, CAD progression was most strongly related to the LDL particle number (placebo) and levels of small HDL (pravastatin). In logistic regression models that adjusted for chemically determined lipid levels and other covariates, a small LDL level greater than or equal to30 mg/dl (median) was associated with a ninefold increased risk of CAD progression (p < 0.01) in the placebo group. These results indicate that levels of various lipoprotein subclasses may provide useful information on CAD risk even if levels of traditional risk factors are known. (C) 2002 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. LipoMed Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol,Prevent Cardiol Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC Mailstop K26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5R01HL43230] NR 26 TC 203 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 6 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 2 BP 89 EP 94 AR PII S0002-9149(02)02427-X DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02427-X PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 575DF UT WOS:000176930800001 PM 12106834 ER PT J AU Ranamukhaarachchi, DG Rajeevan, MS Vernon, SD Unger, ER AF Ranamukhaarachchi, DG Rajeevan, MS Vernon, SD Unger, ER TI Modifying differential display polymerase chain reaction to detect relative changes in gene expression profiles SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION C1 US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 306 IS 2 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1006/abio.2002.5679 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 574UL UT WOS:000176907900025 PM 12123676 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Holman, RC Anderson, LJ AF Khetsuriani, N Holman, RC Anderson, LJ TI Burden of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1988-1997 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID ACUTE CHILDHOOD ENCEPHALITIS; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; CHILDREN; ENCEPHALOPATHY; ETIOLOGY AB Analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Survey data for 1988-1997 revealed a substantial disease burden associated with encephalitis in the United States: on average, there were nearly 19,000 hospitalizations (7.3 hospitalizations per 100,000 population), 230,000 hospital days, and 1400 deaths annually. For most encephalitis-associated hospitalizations (59.5%), the etiologic agent was unknown or not recorded; the most common etiologic categories among known causes were "viral" (38.2%) and "other infectious" (34.1%). The most common individual diagnoses with known agents were herpetic and toxoplasmic encephalitides (each associated with an annual average of 2100 hospitalizations). Human immunodeficiency virus infection was listed among discharge diagnoses for 15.6% of hospitalizations. Rates of encephalitis-associated hospitalization were highest for children <1 year old and persons &GE;65 years old. The etiology of encephalitis was unknown for persons &GE;65 years old significantly more often than it was for younger persons. The average cost of an encephalitis-associated hospitalization, as determined by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for 1997, was $28,151, for an annual national cost of hospitalization of $650 million. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis MS A34, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khetsuriani, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis MS A34, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1086/341301 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 567FQ UT WOS:000176475100009 PM 12087524 ER PT J AU Pantosti, A Gherardi, G Conte, M Faella, F Dicuonzo, G Beall, B AF Pantosti, A Gherardi, G Conte, M Faella, F Dicuonzo, G Beall, B TI A novel, multiple drug-resistant, serotype 24F strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae that caused meningitis in patients in Naples, Italy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONJUGATE VACCINE FORMULATION; BINDING PROTEIN GENES; PNEUMOCOCCAL SEROGROUPS; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; INVASIVE DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CLONES; PSPA AB Three adult patients in Naples, Italy, had meningitis due to multiple drug-resistant serotype 24F Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. The 3 isolates were genetically indistinguishable and shared pbp2b and pspA sequence types with previously characterized penicillin-resistant clones. This serotype 24F strain was found to be the same clonal type as a previously characterized, penicillin-resistant serotype 14 strain. The novel strain has probably arisen through transformation of a serotype 14 strain with type 24F capsular biosynthetic operon sequences. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Batteriol & Micol Med Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Dipartimento Med Lab & Microbiol, Rome, Italy. Azienda Ospedaliera D Cotugno, Ctr Neuropatie Infett, Naples, Italy. Azienda Ospedaliera D Cotugno, Lab Anal Chim Clin & Microbiol, Naples, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pantosti, A (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Batteriol & Micol Med Lab, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RI Pantosti, Annalisa/A-7291-2013; OI Gherardi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6010-3157 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1086/341250 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 567FQ UT WOS:000176475100014 PM 12087529 ER PT J AU Wallace, RJ Zhang, YS Brown-Elliott, BA Yakrus, MA Wilson, RW Mann, L Couch, L Girard, WM Griffith, DE AF Wallace, RJ Zhang, YS Brown-Elliott, BA Yakrus, MA Wilson, RW Mann, L Couch, L Girard, WM Griffith, DE TI Repeat positive cultures in Mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease after macrolide therapy represent new infections in patients with nodular bronchiectasis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 98th Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 17-22, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AVIUM COMPLEX; AIDS PATIENTS; CLARITHROMYCIN; AZITHROMYCIN; REGIMENS; POLYMORPHISM; STRAINS AB The genomic DNA patterns (genotypes) of 55 episodes of late positive sputum isolates, collected after greater than or equal to4 consecutive months of negative sputum cultures, in prospective macrolide treatment trials of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease were assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Having greater than or equal to2 cultures positive for MAC after completion of therapy was documented 23 times; of 20 episodes studied by PFGE, 17 (85%) represented new genotypes (i.e., new infections), and 87% occurred in patients with nodular bronchiectasis. With greater than or equal to2 positive cultures after therapy was stopped prematurely, 6 (86%) of 7 episodes were relapses. Single positive cultures after completion of therapy occurred 16 times; only 1 (6%) was predictive of a subsequent relapse. No late isolates were macrolide resistant. Thus, relapses of MAC lung disease with these macrolide regimens are unusual, and most infections after completing therapy resulted from new strains in patients with nodular bronchiectasis. C1 Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Specialty Care Serv, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Pathol, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Ctr Pulm Infect Dis Control, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wallace, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708 USA. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 2 BP 266 EP 273 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 570QG UT WOS:000176668500017 PM 12134265 ER PT J AU Reller, LB Archibald, LK Jarvis, WR AF Reller, LB Archibald, LK Jarvis, WR CA CDC TI Disseminated infection with Simiae-Avium group mycobacteria in persons with AIDS - Thailand and Malawi, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 501-502, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; THERAPY; TRIPLEX; PATIENT C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reller, LB (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 2 BP 157 EP 158 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 571HC UT WOS:000176711100009 PM 12113261 ER PT J AU O'Leary, DR Nasci, RS Campbell, GL Marfin, AA AF O'Leary, DR Nasci, RS Campbell, GL Marfin, AA CA CDC TI West Nile virus activity - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 497-501, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NEW-YORK; MOSQUITOS; BIRDS C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Leary, DR (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 2 BP 158 EP 160 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 571HC UT WOS:000176711100010 PM 12113262 ER PT J AU De Cock, KM Janssen, RS AF De Cock, KM Janssen, RS TI An unequal epidemic in an unequal world SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; HIV; TUBERCULOSIS C1 CDC Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP De Cock, KM (reprint author), Unit 64112, APO, AE 09831 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 2 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1001/jama.288.2.236 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 571HC UT WOS:000176711100024 PM 12095388 ER PT J AU Amornwichet, P Teeraratkul, A Simonds, RJ Naiwatanakul, T Chantharojwong, N Culnane, M Tappero, JW Kanshana, S AF Amornwichet, P Teeraratkul, A Simonds, RJ Naiwatanakul, T Chantharojwong, N Culnane, M Tappero, JW Kanshana, S TI Preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission - The first year of Thailand's national program SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; TRIAL; REGIMENS AB Context Each year in Thailand, about 10000 children are born at risk for mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. In 2000, Thailand implemented a national program to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. Objective To describe the results of implementation of the program. Design Monthly collection of summary data from hospitals. Setting Public health hospitals (n=822) in all 12 regions of Thailand, representing .75 provinces, excluding Bangkok. Participants Women giving birth from October 2000 through September 2001, including HIV-seropositive women and their neonates. Main Outcome Measures Percentages of women giving birth who were tested for HIV, HIV-seropositive women giving birth who received antenatal prophylactic antiretroviral drugs, and HIV-exposed neonates who received prophylactic antiretroviral drugs and infant formula. Results Among 573 655 women (range, 27344-77806 by region) giving birth, 554 912 (96.7%) received antenatal care (range, 91.9%-98.8% by region). Of 554912 women giving birth who had antenatal care, 517488 (93.3%) were tested for HIV (range, 87.7%-99.4% by region) before giving birth; of 18743 women giving birth who did not have antenatal care, 13314 (71.0%) were tested for HIV (range, 21.7%-92.9% by region). Of 6646 HIV-seropositive women giving birth, 4659 (70.1%) received prophylactic antiretroviral drugs before delivery (range, 55.3%-81.2% by region). Of 6475 neonates of HIV-seropositive women, 5741 (88.7%) received prophylactic antireiroviral, drugs (range, 67.4%-96.9% by region) and 5386 (83.2%) received infant formula (range, 65.3%-100% by-region). Conclusions Major program components of Thailand's national program for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission were implemented. Thailand's experience may encourage other developing countries to implement or expand similar national programs. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Amornwichet, P (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth, Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 10 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 2 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1001/jama.288.2.245 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 571HC UT WOS:000176711100027 PM 12095391 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Malamba, S Mwebaze, R Sozi, C Rukundo, G Downing, R Hanson, D Ochola, D Mugyenyi, P Mermin, J Samb, B Lackritz, E AF Weidle, PJ Malamba, S Mwebaze, R Sozi, C Rukundo, G Downing, R Hanson, D Ochola, D Mugyenyi, P Mermin, J Samb, B Lackritz, E TI Assessment of a pilot antiretroviral drug therapy programme in Uganda: patients' response, survival, and drug resistance SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; AIDS; ZIDOVUDINE; INDINAVIR; ADULTS AB Background Little is known about how to implement antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited countries. We assessed the UNAIDS/Uganda Ministry of Health HIV Drug Access Initiative-one of the first pilot antiretroviral programmes in Africa-in which patients paid for their medications at negotiated reduced prices. Methods We assessed patients' clinical and laboratory information from August, 1998, to July, 2000, from three of the five accredited treatment centres in Uganda, and tested a subset of specimens for phenotypic drug resistance. Findings 912 patients presented for care at five treatment centres. We assessed the care of 476 patients at three centres, of whom 399 started antiretroviral therapy. 204 (51%) received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 189 (47%) dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2NRTI), and six (2%) NRTI monotherapy. Median baseline CD4 cell counts were 73 cells/muL (IQR 15-187); viral load was 193 817 copies/mL (37 013-651 716). The probability of remaining alive and in care was 0.63 (95% Cl 0.58-0.67) at 6 months and 0.49 (0.43-0.55) at 1 year. Patients receiving HAART had greater virological responses than those receiving 2NRTI. Cox's proportional hazards models adjusted for viral load and regimen showed that a CD4 cell count of less than 50 cells/muL (vs 50 cells/muL or more) was strongly associated with death (hazard ratio 2.93 [1.51-5.68], p=0.001). Among 82 patients with a viral load of more than 1000 copies/mL more than 90 days into therapy, phenotypic resistance to NRTIs was found for 47 (57%): 29 of 37 (78%) who never received HAART versus 18 of 45 (40%) who received HAART (p=0.0005). Interpretation This pilot programme successfully expanded access to antiretroviral drugs in Uganda. Identification and treatment of patients earlier in the course of their illness and increased use of HAART could improve probability of survival and decrease drug resistance. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, CDC Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda. Nsambya Hosp, Kampala, Uganda. Mildmay HIV Care & Rehabil Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda. Uganda Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. UN AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda. Joint Clin Res Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Flobal AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 27 TC 210 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 6 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9326 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09330-3 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 569JR UT WOS:000176599700009 PM 12114039 ER PT J AU Guay, LA Musoke, P Hom, DL Nakabiito, C Bagenda, D Fletcher, CV Marum, LH Fowler, MG Falksveden, LG Wahren, B Kataaha, P Wigzell, H Mmiro, FA Jackson, JB AF Guay, LA Musoke, P Hom, DL Nakabiito, C Bagenda, D Fletcher, CV Marum, LH Fowler, MG Falksveden, LG Wahren, B Kataaha, P Wigzell, H Mmiro, FA Jackson, JB TI Phase I/II trial of HIV-1 hyperimmune globulin for the prevention of HIV-1 vertical transmission in Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV hyperimmune globulin; HIV vertical transmission; Uganda; Africa; mother to child transmission ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; CARRIER STATE AB objectives: To assess the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and virologic and immunologic changes associated with the use of Ugandan HIV hyperimmune globulin (HIVIGLOB) in HIV infected pregnant Ugandan women and their infants. Design: A prospective, phase I/II, three-arm dose escalation trial of HIVIGLOB. Methods: HIVIGLOB was prepared from discarded HIV infected units of blood collected from the National Blood Bank in Kampala. From June 1996 to April 1997, 31 HIV positive pregnant women were enrolled with HIVIGLOB infusions given at 37 weeks gestation and within 16 h of birth for infants. The first 10 mother-infant pairs were infused at a dose of 50 mg/kg, followed by 11 pairs at 200 mg/kg, and 10 pairs at 400 mg/kg. Study participants were followed for 30 months. Results: Thirty-one women and 29 infants were infused with HIVIGLOB. The infusions were safe and well tolerated by the women and their infants at all doses. There were no significant changes in virologic or immunologic parameters after HIVIGLOB infusion. Pharmacokinetic properties of this product were similar to other immune globulin products with a median half-life of 28 days in women and 30 days in infants. Conclusion: An HIV immune globulin product derived from HIV infected Ugandan donors is safe, well tolerated, and has pharmacokinetic properties consistent with other immunoglobulin products. Data suggest that a 400 mg/kg dose of HIVIGLOB would be the most appropriate dose for a subsequent efficacy trial of HIVIGLOB for the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Paediat, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Makerere Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Minist Hlth, Nakasero Blood Bank, Kampala, Uganda. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Jackson, JB (reprint author), JHUSM, Dept Pathol, Carnegie 420,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-32395, R01-AI-34235] NR 44 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 5 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1391 EP 1400 DI 10.1097/00002030-200207050-00011 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 571LX UT WOS:000176719800011 PM 12131216 ER PT J AU Goetz, MB Feikin, DR Lennox, JL O'Brien, WA Elie, CM Butler, JC Breiman, RF AF Goetz, MB Feikin, DR Lennox, JL O'Brien, WA Elie, CM Butler, JC Breiman, RF TI Viral load response to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, polysaccharide vaccine or placebo among HIV-infected patients SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; CONTROLLED TRIAL; IMMUNIZATION; REPLICATION; ACTIVATION; ADULTS; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN AB We determined the HIV viral load in 66 adults randomly assigned to receive pneumococcal immunization with one or two doses of protein conjugate vaccine, one dose of polysaccharide vaccine, one dose of each, or placebo. Second doses were given 8 weeks after the first. Mean baseline viral load and CD4 cell count were 3.41 copies/ml (log(10)) and 457 cells/mul, respectively. We found no change in viral load during 24 weeks of follow-up for any vaccine or combination of vaccines or placebo. C1 VA Greater Los Angeles Hlthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Infect Dis Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Goetz, MB (reprint author), VA Greater Los Angeles Hlthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014; OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565; Goetz, Matthew/0000-0003-4542-992X NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 5 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1421 EP 1423 DI 10.1097/00002030-200207050-00015 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 571LX UT WOS:000176719800015 PM 12131220 ER PT J AU Adekoya, N Wallace, LJD AF Adekoya, N Wallace, LJD TI Traumatic brain injury among American Indians/Alaska Natives - United States, 1992-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 303-305, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Adekoya, N (reprint author), CDC, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 568YW UT WOS:000176573400009 ER PT J AU Miller, L Tolliver, R Druschel, C Fox, D Schoellhorn, J Podvin, D Merrick, S Cunniff, C Meaney, FJ Pensak, M Dominique, Y Hymbaugh, K Boyle, C Baio, J AF Miller, L Tolliver, R Druschel, C Fox, D Schoellhorn, J Podvin, D Merrick, S Cunniff, C Meaney, FJ Pensak, M Dominique, Y Hymbaugh, K Boyle, C Baio, J TI Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and New York, 1995-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 433-435, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, L (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 568YW UT WOS:000176573400010 ER PT J AU Johns, L Rowe-West, B MacCormack, J Kim, D Murray-Lillibridge, K Maloney, S Barrow, J Cetron, M Bisgard, K Tiwari, T Shah, J Ohuabunwo, C AF Johns, L Rowe-West, B MacCormack, J Kim, D Murray-Lillibridge, K Maloney, S Barrow, J Cetron, M Bisgard, K Tiwari, T Shah, J Ohuabunwo, C TI Pertussis in an infant adopted from Russia - May 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 394-395, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quartine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Johns, L (reprint author), N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 3 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 568YW UT WOS:000176573400011 ER PT J AU Castro-Garza, J King, CH Swords, WE Quinn, FD AF Castro-Garza, J King, CH Swords, WE Quinn, FD TI Demonstration of spread by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in A549 epithelial cell monolayers SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; virulence; human lung epithelial cell; plaque; green fluorescent protein ID SMALL-PLAQUE MUTANTS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; VIRULENT; MACROPHAGES; INFECTION; INVASION; STRAINS; ASSAY AB We developed an in vitro tissue-culture model to analyze the process involved in mycobacterial spread through lung epithelial cell monolayers. A549 cells were infected with low numbers of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli expressing the gfp gene. Subsequent addition of a soft agarose overlay prevented the dispersal of the bacilli from the initial points of attachment. By fluorescence microscopy the bacteria were observed to infect and grow within the primary target cells; this was followed by lysis of the infected cells and subsequent infection of adjacent cells. This process repeated itself until an area of clearing (plaque formation) was observed. The addition of amikacin after initial infection did not prevent intracellular growth; however, subsequent plaque formation was not observed. Plaque formation was also observed after infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG bacilli, but the plaques were smaller than those formed after infection with M. tuberculosis. These observations reinforce the possibility that cell-to-cell spreading of M. tuberculosis bacilli, particularly early in the course of infection within lung macrophages, pneumocytes, and other cells, may be an important component in the infectious process. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. IMSS, Ctr Invest Biomed Noreste, Div Biol Celular & Mol, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Mailstop F08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Castro-Garza, Jorge/0000-0003-3828-5454 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2002 VL 212 IS 2 BP 145 EP 149 AR PII S0378-1097(02)00707-3 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11258.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 574JB UT WOS:000176884700001 PM 12113926 ER PT J AU Caccio, SM Antunovic, B Moretti, A Mangili, V Marinculic, A Baric, RR Slemenda, SB Pieniazek, NJ AF Caccio, SM Antunovic, B Moretti, A Mangili, V Marinculic, A Baric, RR Slemenda, SB Pieniazek, NJ TI Molecular characterisation of Babesia canis canis and Babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected European dogs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia canis; dog; small subunit ribosomal RNA gene; phylogeny ID GIBSONI; PIROPLASMS; ANTIGENS; DIFFERENTIATION; DISEASES; MICROTI AB The morphologically small Babesia species isolated from naturally infected dogs in Europe, Japan, and US are described as Babesia gibsoni despite the fact that molecular techniques show that they should be assigned to two or three separate taxons. The morphologically large Babesia isolated from dogs in Europe, Africa, and US were generally classified as B. canis until it was proposed to distinguish three related, albeit genetically distinct subspecies of this genus, namely B. canis canis, B. canis rossi, and B. canis vogeli. The insight into the molecular taxonomy of canine piroplasms is, however, limited because only partial small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) sequence data exist for two species from the B. canis group. In this work, we molecularly characterised natural Babesia infections in 11 dogs from Croatia, France, Italy, and Poland. These infections were diagnosed as caused by B. canis canis and B. canis vogeli based on the analysis of the complete sequence of the ssrRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the large Babesia species of dogs belong the to the Babesia sensu stricto clade, which includes species characterised by transovarial transmission in the tick vectors and by exclusive development inside the mammalian host erythrocytes. The new data facilitate the reliable molecular diagnosis of the Subspecies of B. canis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. JJ Strossmayer Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Husb, Osijek, Croatia. Univ Perugia, Dept Biopathol Vet Sci, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Dept Pathol Diagnost & Clin Vet, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Zagreb, Fac Vet Med, Dept Parasitol & Invas Dis, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. Univ Zagreb, Fac Vet Med, Clin Internal Dis, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Caccio, SM (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RI Caccio, Simone/K-9278-2015 NR 27 TC 114 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 2 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00112-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00112-7 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 570EW UT WOS:000176646800002 PM 12079734 ER PT J AU Li, LN Promadej, N McNicholl, JM Bouvier, M AF Li, LN Promadej, N McNicholl, JM Bouvier, M TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of HLA-A*1101 complexed with an HIV-1 decapeptide SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; LOW VIRAL LOAD; NORTHERN THAILAND; CELL ACTIVITY; INFECTION; VIRUS; RESPONSES; PROSTITUTES; RESISTANCE AB A major goal of vaccine research for the prevention of AIDS is to determine the immune correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection. In this context, it is of interest to understand how HLA-A*1101, a significantly more prevalent class I allele in a cohort of highly HIV-1-exposed persistently seronegative individuals, functions in relation to protective immunity to HIV-1. Towards this goal, a soluble recombinant HLA-A*1101 molecule has been expressed and used to assemble a complex with beta2-microglobulin and a Nef decapeptide. The HLA-A*1101/beta2m/Nef complex was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. The crystal formed in the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 77.2, b = 88.5, c = 64.8 Angstrom, beta = 90.1degrees, and contains two molecules in the asymmetric unit. A data set to 2.2 Angstrom resolution was collected and structure determination by molecular replacement is currently in progress. Understanding the three-dimensional structure of the HLA-A*1101/beta2m/Nef complex may provide insight into the functional role of this class I allele in relation to protective immunity to HIV-1. C1 Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, NCDI, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bouvier, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, 372 Fairfield Rd,U-92, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI46309] NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 58 BP 1195 EP 1197 DI 10.1107/S0907444902007928 PN 7 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 564YW UT WOS:000176342000016 PM 12077441 ER PT J AU Sattah, MV Supawitkul, S Dondero, TJ Kilmarx, PH Young, NL Mastro, TD Chaikummao, S Manopaiboon, C van Griensven, F AF Sattah, MV Supawitkul, S Dondero, TJ Kilmarx, PH Young, NL Mastro, TD Chaikummao, S Manopaiboon, C van Griensven, F TI Prevalence of and risk factors for methamphetamine use in northern Thai youth: results of an audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing survey with urine testing SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article DE drug use; methamphetamine; South-East Asia; youth ID AMPHETAMINE USERS; DRUG-ABUSE; PROFILES; HISTORY; TRIAL AB Aims Data from drug treatment facilities. drug seizures and drug arrests suggest rapidly increasing methamphetamine use by adolescents in Thailand. However, limited quantitative data are available about the prevalence of its use or correlates of use. The purpose of our study was therefore to estimate the prevalence of methamphetamine use and to identify possible risk factors. Design Cross-sectional survey using anonymous audio-computer-assisted self-interview and urine specimen analysis. Setting Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Participants 1725 students, 15-21 years of age (893 mate and 832 female) attending one of three vocational schools in Chiang Rai Province. Findings Three hundred and fifty male and 150 female students reported a history of having ever used methamphetamine. In addition, 128 male and 49 female students had positive urine test results, indicating recent methamphetamine use: 27 of these students denied having ever used methamphetamine. According to history, urine test, or both. 41.3%, of male students and 19.0%, of female students used methamphetamine. In multivariate analysis, methamphetamine use was highly correlated with the use of other substances, sexual activity, peer pressure, positive attitudes toward methamphetamine, and absence of a family confidant. Conclusions Methamphetamine use is common among adolescent students in northern Thailand. Demographic, behavioral and psychosocial correlates of methamphetamine use identified in this study may be helpful for the design and implementation of preventive interventions. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand MOPHUS CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand MOPHUS CDC Collaborat, DMS Bldg 6, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 19 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD JUL PY 2002 VL 97 IS 7 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00131.x PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 570WZ UT WOS:000176684600008 PM 12133118 ER PT J AU Ariyoshi, K Promadej, N Ruxrungtham, K Sutthent, R AF Ariyoshi, K Promadej, N Ruxrungtham, K Sutthent, R TI Toward improved evaluation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-inducing HIV vaccines in Thailand SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Letter ID EPITOPES; VIRUS; CELLS C1 Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Div Virol,Natl HIV Repository & Bioinformat Ctr, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Sci, Natl Inst Hlth, JICA NIH Project, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB, Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. RP Sutthent, R (reprint author), Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Div Virol,Natl HIV Repository & Bioinformat Ctr, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 10 BP 737 EP 739 DI 10.1089/088922202760072384 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 570TD UT WOS:000176673100010 PM 12167283 ER PT J AU Nesby-O'Dell, S Scanlon, KS Cogswell, ME Gillespie, C Hollis, BW Looker, AC Allen, C Doughertly, C Gunter, EW Bowman, BA AF Nesby-O'Dell, S Scanlon, KS Cogswell, ME Gillespie, C Hollis, BW Looker, AC Allen, C Doughertly, C Gunter, EW Bowman, BA TI Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hypovitaminosis D; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D deficiency; African American women; diet; body mass index; oral contraceptive pills; rickets ID D-ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; VITAMIN-D STATUS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; D INSUFFICIENCY; FORTIFIED MILK; D DEFICIENCY; BONE MASS; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D AB Background: Recent reports of rickets among African American children drew attention to the vitamin D status of these infants and their mothers. African American women are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency than are white women, but few studies have examined determinants of hypovitaminosis D in this population. Objective: We examined the prevalence and determinants of hypovitaminosis D among African American and white women of reproductive age. Design: We examined 1546 African American women and 1426 white women aged 15-49 y who were not pregnant and who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Hypovitaminosis D was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration less than or equal to 37.5 nmol/L. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the independent association of dietary, demographic, and behavioral determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 42.4 +/- 3.1% (T SE) among African Americans and 4.2 +/- 0.7% among whites. Among African Americans, hypovitaminosis D was independently associated with consumption of milk or breakfast cereal < 3 times/wk, no use of vitamin D supplements, season, urban residence, low body mass index, and no use of oral contraceptives. Even among 243 African Americans who consumed the adequate intake of vitamin D from supplements , 28.2 +/- 2.7% had hypovitaminosis D. Conclusions: The high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among African American women warrants further examination of vitamin D recommendations for these women. The determinants of hypovitaminosis D among women should be considered when these women are advised on dietary intake and supplement use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,CDC Drug Serv, Sci Resources Program,Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,CDC Drug Serv, Sci Resources Program,Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab,Nutr Biochem Branch, NHANES Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Scanlon, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,CDC Drug Serv, Sci Resources Program,Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K 25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 581 Z9 591 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 76 IS 1 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 565PK UT WOS:000176378500021 PM 12081833 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Henley, J Thun, M AF Steenland, K Henley, J Thun, M TI All-cause and cause-specific death rates by educational status for two million people in two American Cancer Society cohorts, 1959-1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE education; mortality; social class ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; MORTALITY; TRENDS; MORBIDITY; RACE; RISK AB Low socioeconomic status is associated with high mortality, but the extent to which socioeconomic status affects particular diseases and whether socioeconomic status effects have changed over time are uncertain. The authors used education as a marker for socioeconomic status in a study of two large American Cancer Society cohorts (follow-up, 1959-1996). Low education was associated with higher death rates in both cohorts from all causes and most specific causes, except breast cancer and external causes among women. Life expectancy in the more recent cohort was 4.8 years shorter for men and 2.7 years shorter for women for the least versus the most educated. The inverse relation between education and mortality was strongest for coronary heart disease, lung cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; moderate for colorectal cancer, external causes (men only), and stroke; weak for prostate cancer; and reversed for external causes among women. The direction of a weak gradient for breast cancer differed for those with and without prevalent breast cancer at baseline. Adjustment for conventional risk factors, probable intermediate variables between education and mortality, diminished but did not eliminate the observed educational/mortality gradients. Temporal trends showed increasing mortality differences by education for coronary heart disease, diabetes, and lung cancer for women. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Henley, Jane/A-4698-2010 NR 31 TC 151 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf001 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 569ED UT WOS:000176586900002 PM 12076884 ER PT J AU Brownson, RC Samet, JM Thacker, SB AF Brownson, RC Samet, JM Thacker, SB TI Commentary: What contributes to a successful career in epidemiology in the United States? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE career choice; epidemiology; mentors; public health; research support; training support ID HEALTH AGENCIES; STAFF AB The authors conducted a study examining perceived enabling factors and barriers to a successful career in epidemiology, the role of mentoring in facilitating one's career, where graduates are most often being employed, and key competencies for future epidemiologic training. During June to August 2001, they surveyed senior epidemiologists across the United States (n = 248) in four sectors: state health departments, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and schools of public health. The top enabling factors were dedication to hard work and having an intrinsic curiosity and a sense of discovery. The most frequently cited barrier was balancing career and family life, except among minority respondents, for whom an unsupportive supervisor was the leading obstacle. Influential characteristics of a mentor were high integrity and the provision of inspiration and encouragement. The top competencies anticipated for the next 10 years were skills working in multidisciplinary teams and in using modern information technologies. Important competencies varied somewhat according to work sector. These findings may be useful in training and career planning among aspiring epidemiologists and for educational policy development among organizations promoting training and mentoring. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, Salus Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Salus Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brownson, RC (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, Salus Ctr, 3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf004 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 569ED UT WOS:000176586900007 PM 12076889 ER PT J AU Andrew, ME Jones, DW Wofford, MR Wyatt, SB Schreiner, PJ Brown, CA Young, DB Taylor, HA AF Andrew, ME Jones, DW Wofford, MR Wyatt, SB Schreiner, PJ Brown, CA Young, DB Taylor, HA TI Ethnicity and unprovoked hypokalemia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE hypokalemia; ethnicity; potassium; hypertension; ARIC ID HYPERTENSION; POTASSIUM; RELIABILITY; EDUCATION; SODIUM; BLACKS; GENDER; AGE AB Background: Hypertension is more prevalent in the African American population when compared with the European American population in the United States. Unprovoked hypokalemia may lead to hypertension and is associated with several forms of recognized secondary hypertension. Methods: We investigated the association of ethnicity with unprovoked hypokalemia in the second Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study examination. Hypokalemia was defined Lis serum potassium <3.5 mmol/L. Results: A statistically significant association was detected between ethnicity and unprovoked hypokalemia (odds ratio = 5.3: 95% confidence interval = 3.6. 7.7) with unprovoked hypokalemia more prevalent in African Americans both before and after adjustment for important covariates. The unadjusted prevalence for unprovoked hypokalemia was 2.6% for African Americans and 0.5% for European Americans. Conclusions: We found that the prevalence of unprovoked hypokalemia for African Americans in the ARIC cohort was More than five times that for European Americans. These data suggest that an increased awareness of hypokalemia and its etiology may be indicated for African Americans. (C) 2002 American Journal of Hypertension. Ltd. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson Heart Study Examinat Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN USA. Jackson State Univ, Jackson Heart Study Data Coordinating Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. RP Andrew, ME (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 4020, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-955015, N01-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171, N01-HC-95172, N01-HC-955016, N01-HC-955018, N01-HC-955019, N01-HC-955020, N01-HC-955021, N01-HC-955022] NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 15 IS 7 BP 594 EP 599 AR PII S0895-7062(02)02270-7 DI 10.1016/S0895-7061(02)02270-7 PN 1 PG 6 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 569QV UT WOS:000176614400003 PM 12118905 ER PT J AU Park, RM Bailer, AJ Stayner, LT Halperin, W Gilbert, SJ AF Park, RM Bailer, AJ Stayner, LT Halperin, W Gilbert, SJ TI An alternate characterization of hazard in occupational epidemiology: Years of life lost per years worked SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE attributable risk; excess lifetime risk; fatal mining injury; radon; silicosis; uranium mining; worker notification; YPLL ID LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH INDUSTRY; URANIUM MINERS COHORT; COLORADO PLATEAU; RISK; SILICA AB Background Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and other measures of relative risk by themselves may not suffice as descriptors of occupational hazards for many audiences including decision-makers and those at direct risk from hazardous work. To explore other approaches, we calculated excess years of potential life lost and excess lifetime risk for both lung diseases and fatal injuries in a cohort of uranium miners with historical records of exposure to radon gas. Methods We used relatively simple life table (SMR) methods and also analyzed lung cancer mortality with Poisson regression methods permitting control for smoking. Results Among uranium miners hired after 1950, whose all-cause SMR was 1.5, 28 percent would experience premature death from lung diseases or injury in a lifetime of uranium mining. On average, each miner lost 1.5 yr of potential life due to mining-related lung cancer or almost 3 months of life for each year employed in uranium mining. As a consequence of all excess lung disease and injury risks combined, a year of mining was associated with 5.9 months loss of potential life. For each year actually working underground, miners lost more than 8 months of potential life. When controlled for smoking (and healthy worker effect) with Poisson regression, the estimates for radon-related lung cancer effects were slightly larger Although chronic disease deaths dominated in excess years of life lost (due to radon, silica and possibly other exposures), more years were lost on average per individual injury death (38 yr), than per excess lung cancer (20 yr) or other lung disease death (18 yr). Fatal-injury dominated the potential years of life lost up to about age 40. Conclusions Years of life lost per years employed provides another more intuitive summary of occupational mortality risk. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 NIOSH, EID, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, EID, Risk Evaluat Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1002/ajim.10082 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 567XV UT WOS:000176513000001 PM 12111685 ER PT J AU Crawford, DC Meadows, KL Newman, JL Taft, LF Scott, E Leslie, M Shubek, L Holmgreen, P Yeargin-Allsopp, M Boyle, C Sherman, SL AF Crawford, DC Meadows, KL Newman, JL Taft, LF Scott, E Leslie, M Shubek, L Holmgreen, P Yeargin-Allsopp, M Boyle, C Sherman, SL TI Prevalence of the fragile x syndrome in African-Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fragile x syndrome; FRAXA; CGG; African-American; FMR1; prevalence ID EDUCATION-NEEDS POPULATION; FMR1 CGG REPEAT; FULL-MUTATION; INTERMEDIATE ALLELES; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FRAXE ALLELES; CHILD AGE; GENE; INSTABILITY AB Since the development of a molecular diagnosis for the fragile X syndrome in the early 1990s, several population-based studies in Caucasians of mostly northern European descent have established that the prevalence is probably between one in 6,000 to one in 4,000 males in the general population. Reports of increased or decreased prevalence of the fragile X syndrome exist for a few other world populations; however, many of these are small and not population-based. We present here the final results of a 4-year study in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia, establishing the prevalence of the fragile X syndrome and the frequency of CGG repeat variants in a large Caucasian and African-American population. Results demonstrate that one-quarter to one-third of the children identified with the fragile X syndrome attending Atlanta public schools are not diagnosed before the age of 10 years. Also, a revised prevalence for the syndrome revealed a higher point estimate for African-American males (1/2,545; 95% CI: 1/5,208-1/1,289) than reported previously, although confidence intervals include the prevalence estimated for Caucasians from this (1/3,717; 95% CI: 1/7,692-1/1,869) and other studies. Further population-based studies in diverse populations are necessary to explore the possibility that the prevalence of the fragile X syndrome differs among world populations. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sherman, SL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, 615 Michael St,Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Crawford, Dana/C-1054-2012 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29909] NR 43 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 110 IS 3 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1002/ajmg.10427 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 563UG UT WOS:000176273900006 PM 12116230 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Zheng, ZJ Heath, G Macera, C Pratt, M Buchner, D AF Wang, GJ Zheng, ZJ Heath, G Macera, C Pratt, M Buchner, D TI Economic burden of cardiovascular disease associated with excess body weight in US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE body weight; cardiovascular diseases; costs and cost analysis; obesity ID UNITED-STATES; RISK FACTOR; MASS INDEX; OBESITY; COST; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; WOMEN AB Background: Excess body weight (EBW), which continues to become more prevalent, is a clear contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death and disability among U.S. adults. Information on the economic impact of CVD associated with EBW is lacking, however. Objective: To estimate the direct medical costs of CVD associated with EBW. Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis of direct medical costs by linking the 1995 National Health Interview Survey and the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The study subjects are adults (aged greater than or equal to25 years, excluding pregnant women) in the non-institutionalized, civilian population in 1996. Results: The prevalence of CVD among people in the normal weight (body mass index [BMI] greater than or equal to18.5 to <25), overweight (BMI &GE;25 to <30), and obese (BMI greater than or equal to30) groups was 20%, 28%, and 39%, respectively. There were 12.95 million CVD cases among overweight people, more than 25% of which was associated with overweight. There were 9.3 million CVD cases among obese people, of which more than 45% was associated with obesity. This extra disease burden led to $22.17 billion in direct medical costs in 1996 ($31 billion in 2001 dollars, 17% of the total direct medical cost of treating CVD). Conclusions: The strong positive association between EBW and CVD, and the significant economic impact of EBW-associated CVD demonstrate the need to prevent EBW among U.S. adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00448-8 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00448-8 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 573BG UT WOS:000176809000001 PM 12093416 ER PT J AU Truman, BI AF Truman, BI CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Recommendations on selected interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cariostatic agents; community dentistry; community health planning; community health services; decision making; dental caries; evidence-based medicine; facial injuries; intervention studies; mouth protectors; oral health; pharyngeal neoplasms; pit and fissure sealants; practice guidelines; preventive dentistry; preventive health services; public health dentistry; public health practice; review literature; tooth injuries ID WATER FLUORIDATION; UPDATE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Truman, BI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 SU S BP 16 EP 20 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00451-8 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 574JY UT WOS:000176886900006 ER PT J AU Truman, BI Gooch, BF Sulemana, I Gift, HC Horowitz, AM Evans, CA Griffin, SO Carande-Kulis, VG AF Truman, BI Gooch, BF Sulemana, I Gift, HC Horowitz, AM Evans, CA Griffin, SO Carande-Kulis, VG CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Reviews of evidence on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE cariostatic agents; community dentistry; community health planning; community health services; decision making; dental caries; evidence-based medicine; facial injuries; intervention studies; mouth protectors; oral health; oral and pharyngeal neoplasms; pit and fissure sealants; practice guidelines; preventive dentistry; preventive health services; public health dentistry; public health practice; review literature; tooth injuries ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; FISSURE SEALANTS; WATER FLUORIDATION; UNITED-STATES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; FOLLOW-UP; LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION; FOOTBALL PLAYERS; HEALTH PROMOTION; OCCLUSAL CARIES AB This report presents the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, other positive and negative effects, economic evaluations, and barriers to use of selected population-based interventions intended to prevent or control dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. The related systematic reviews are linked by a common conceptual approach. These reviews form the basis of recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force) about the use of these selected interventions. The Task Force recommendations are presented in this supplement(1). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Off Director,Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Brevard Coll, Div Social Sci, Brevard, NC USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Truman, BI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Off Director,Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 210 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 SU S BP 21 EP 54 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00449-X DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00449-X PG 34 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 574JY UT WOS:000176886900007 PM 12091093 ER PT J AU Gooch, BF Truman, BI Griffin, SO Kohn, WG Sulemana, I Gift, HC Horowitz, AM Evans, CA AF Gooch, BF Truman, BI Griffin, SO Kohn, WG Sulemana, I Gift, HC Horowitz, AM Evans, CA TI A comparison of selected evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cariostatic agents; community dentistry; community health planning; community health services; decision making; dental caries; evidence-based medicine; facial injuries; fluoridation; intervention studies; meta-analysis; mouth protectors; oral health; pharyngeal neoplasms; pit and fissure sealants; practice guidelines; preventive dentistry; preventive health services; public health dentistry; public health practice; review literature; tooth injuries C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Brevard Coll, Brevard, NC USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Gooch, BF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, MS F-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 SU S BP 55 EP 80 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00450-6 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00450-6 PG 26 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 574JY UT WOS:000176886900008 PM 12091094 ER PT J AU Briss, P Shefer, A Rodewald, L AF Briss, P Shefer, A Rodewald, L TI Improving vaccine coverage in communities and healthcare systems - No magic bullets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERVENTIONS; IMMUNIZATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Systemat Reviews Sect, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Briss, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Systemat Reviews Sect, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00438-5 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00438-5 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 573BG UT WOS:000176809000011 PM 12093426 ER PT J AU Thomas, JC Sage, M Dillenberg, J Guillory, VJ AF Thomas, JC Sage, M Dillenberg, J Guillory, VJ TI A code of ethics for public health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Program Publ Hlth Eth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Arizona Sch Hlth Sci, Sch Dent & Oral Hlth, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Hlth Sci Kansas, Dept Prevent Med, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Hlth Sci Kansas, Div Res, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Thomas, JC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 2104-B McGavran Greenberg Hall,CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 6 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1057 EP 1059 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.7.1057 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 568AZ UT WOS:000176521400011 PM 12084677 ER PT J AU Li, RW Ogden, C Ballew, C Gillespie, C Grummer-Strawn, L AF Li, RW Ogden, C Ballew, C Gillespie, C Grummer-Strawn, L TI Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among US infants: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Phase II, 1991-1994) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS C1 CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 NR 15 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1107 EP 1110 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.7.1107 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 568AZ UT WOS:000176521400025 PM 12084691 ER PT J AU Ku, L St Louis, M Farshy, C Aral, S Turner, CF Lindberg, LD Sonenstein, F AF Ku, L St Louis, M Farshy, C Aral, S Turner, CF Lindberg, LD Sonenstein, F TI Risk behaviors, medical care, and chlamydial infection among young men in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; MALES AB Objectives. This study assessed factors related to chlamydial infection among young men in the United States. Methods. Data were from interviews of nationally representative samples of 470 men aged 18 to 19 years (teenagers) and 995 men aged 22 to 26 years (young adults) and from urine specimens tested by means of polymerase chain reaction, Results. Although a majority of the men reported occasional unprotected intercourse, only a minority perceived themselves to be at risk for contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Chlamydial infection was detected in 3.1% of the teenagers and 4.5% of the young adults. A minority of those infected had symptoms or had been tested for STDs: very few had been diagnosed with STDs. Conclusions. Chlamydial infection is common but usually asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Primary and secondary prevention efforts should be increased, particularly among young adult men. C1 Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Harare, Zimbabwe. Res Triangle Inst, Washington, DC USA. CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Ku, L (reprint author), Ctr Budget & Policy Priorities, 820 1st NE,Suite 510, Washington, DC 20002 USA. OI Ku, Leighton/0000-0002-6154-9289 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD30861] NR 14 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1140 EP 1143 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.7.1140 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 568AZ UT WOS:000176521400032 PM 12084698 ER PT J AU O'Brien, RJ AF O'Brien, RJ TI Studies of the early bactericidal activity of new drugs for tuberculosis - A help or a hindrance to antituberculosis drug development? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Brien, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2002 VL 166 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1164/rccm.2205007 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 569GD UT WOS:000176592000003 PM 12091159 ER PT J AU Berger, M Shankar, V Vafai, A AF Berger, M Shankar, V Vafai, A TI Therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE antibodies; monoclonal; therapeutic ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; ANTI-IGE ANTIBODY; OVARIAN-CARCINOMA RECURRENCES; RENAL-ALLOGRAFT REJECTION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; CANCER-THERAPY; BREAST-CANCER; SEPTIC SHOCK AB Researchers have Sought therapeutic applications for monoclonal antibodies since their development in 1975. However, murine-derived monoclonal antibodies may cause an immunogenic response in human patients, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. Chimeric and humanized antibodies have been developed that are less likely to provoke an immune reaction in human patients than are murine-derived antibodies. Antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and antibodies produced through the use of phage display systems and genetically modified plants and animals may aid researchers in developing new uses for monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of disease. Monoclonal antibodies may have a number of promising potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of asthma, autuimmune diseases, cancer, poisoning, septicemia, substance, abuse, viral infections, and other diseases. C1 CDCP, Biol Branch, Sci Resources Program, Publ Hlth Serv,US HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vafai, A (reprint author), CDCP, Biol Branch, Sci Resources Program, Publ Hlth Serv,US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 154 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 14 U2 31 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 324 IS 1 BP 14 EP 30 DI 10.1097/00000441-200207000-00004 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 570AP UT WOS:000176636000004 PM 12120821 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG Ter Kuile, FO Misore, AO Otieno, JA Kolczak, MS Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL AF van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG Ter Kuile, FO Misore, AO Otieno, JA Kolczak, MS Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL TI Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection as risk factors for anemia in infants in Kisumu, western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IRON-DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; ZAIRE; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; TYPE-1; AREA; SEROPOSITIVITY; MORTALITY AB The role of maternal and pediatric infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and malaria as risk factors for anemia was determined in a birth cohort of infants born to mothers participating in a study of the interaction between placental malaria and HIV infection, in Kisumu, Kenya. Between June 1996 and April 2000, 661 infants born to 467 HIV-seropositive and 194 HIV-seronegative mothers were monitored monthly from birth. At each visit a questionnaire was completed and a blood sample was collected for the determination of hemoglobin levels and detection of malaria and HIV. Anemia was common and increased from 13.6% at one month to 75% at six months and remained high throughout the second half of infancy. Placental malaria, infant malaria, and HIV infection of the infant were all associated with infant anemia in a multivariate model, adjusting for other co-variates found to be associated with infant anemia. The HIV-infected infants with malaria parasitemia had lower mean hemoglobin levels compared with HIV-uninfected infants, or HIV-infected infants without malaria, suggesting that HIV-infected infants are particularly vulnerable to the adverse consequences of malaria at this age. Early detection and prompt treatment of infant malaria and treatment of anemia as part of the study protocol failed to prevent most of the infants from becoming anemic. Although not proven effective in this study, micronutrient supplementation should be prospectively assessed in HIV-infected infants as a means of preventing anemia. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Field Stn Kisian, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Field Stn Kisian, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 594UN UT WOS:000178069600008 PM 12363063 ER PT J AU Diaz, FJ Farfan-Ale, JA Olson, KE Lorono-Pino, MA Gubler, DJ Blair, CD Black, WC Beaty, BJ AF Diaz, FJ Farfan-Ale, JA Olson, KE Lorono-Pino, MA Gubler, DJ Blair, CD Black, WC Beaty, BJ TI Genetic variation within the premembrane coding region of dengue viruses from the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISMS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DNA; SEQUENCE; TYPE-1; RISK; RNA AB Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequence analyses were used to characterize genetic polymorphisms and phylogenetic relationships, respectively, among dengue (DEN) viruses isolated between 1980 and 1997 from Yucatan, Mexico and surrounding states. Amplified cDNAs from the premembrane (prM) coding region of the DEN viruses were characterized by SSCP. There were six distinct haplotypes of DEN-1 viruses, four haplotypes of DEN-2, four haplotypes of DEN-3, and eight haplotypes of DEN-4. The diversity index for DEN-3 isolates was significantly lower than that of the other serotypes, probably reflecting the recent introduction of this viral serotype into Mexico. The SSCP was a sensitive (84.5%) and specific (95.5%) technique for identifying nucleotide substitutions. Sequence analyses provided insight into the phylogenetic relationships of the DEN strains isolated in Yucatan. One DEN-2 isolate from 1996 was demonstrated to cluster with viruses of the Sri Lanka genotype, none of which have been detected before in the Americas. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Diaz, FJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Foothills Res Campus,3107 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34014, AI-45430] NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 594UN UT WOS:000178069600015 PM 12363071 ER EF