FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sundstrom, JB Martinson, DE Mosunjac, M Bostik, P McMullan, LK Donahoe, RM Gravanis, MB Ansari, AA AF Sundstrom, JB Martinson, DE Mosunjac, M Bostik, P McMullan, LK Donahoe, RM Gravanis, MB Ansari, AA TI Norepinephrine enhances adhesion of HIV-1-infected leukocytes to cardiac microvascular endothelial cells SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; norepinephrine; leukocytes; endothelial cells; heart; disease ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRIGGER FIRM ADHESION; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; NF-KAPPA-B; HIV-INFECTION; NITRIC-OXIDE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; MOLECULE EXPRESSION; FLOW CONDITIONS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM AB Recent reports have indicated that norepinephrine (NE) enhances HIV replication in infected monocytes and promotes increased expression of select matrix metalloproteinases associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in vitro in co-cultures of HIV-infected leukocytes and human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-C). The influence of NE on HIV infection and leukocyte-endothelial interactions suggests a pathogenic role in AIDS-related cardiovascular disease. This study examined the effects of norepinephrine (NE) and HIV-1 infection on leukocyte adhesion to HMVEC-C. Both flow and static conditions were examined and the expression of selected adhesion molecules and cytokines were monitored in parallel. NE pretreatment resulted in a detectable, dose-dependent increase of leukocyte-endothelial adhesion (LEA) with both HIV-1-infected and -uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) relative to media controls after 48 hr in co-culture with HMVEC-C in vitro. However, the combination of NE plus HIV infection resulted in a significant (P < 0.0001) 18-fold increase in LEA over uninfected media controls. Increased levels in both cell-associated and -soluble ICAM-1 and E-Selectin but not VCAM-1 correlated with increased LEA and with HIV-1 infection or NE pretreatment. Blocking antibodies specific for ICAM-1 or E-Selectin inhibited HIV-NE-induced LEA. These data suggest a model in which NE primes HIV-1-infected leukocytes for enhanced adhesion and localization in HMVEC-C where they can initiate and participate in vascular injury associated with AIDS-related cardiomyopathy. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sundstrom, JB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Woodruff Mem Bldg,Room 2335A,1639 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jsundst@emory.edu RI Mosunjac, Marina/A-4150-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL63066] NR 61 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 228 IS 6 BP 730 EP 740 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 833ES UT WOS:000222319800013 PM 12773706 ER PT J AU Glaser, R Pretty, J Brown, K Arnold, J Lunsford, RA Park, SH AF Glaser, R Pretty, J Brown, K Arnold, J Lunsford, RA Park, SH TI Analytical method research for metalworking fluids at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) SO GEFAHRSTOFFE REINHALTUNG DER LUFT LA English DT Article ID PROVISIONAL AMERICAN-SOCIETY; MATERIALS ASTM METHOD; SOLVENT BLEND AB Exposure to certain metalworking fluids (MWFs) has been related to occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and possibly to cancer. NIOSH recommends that exposure to MWF aerosols be limited to 0.4 mg/m(3) measured as thoracic particulate or 0.5 mg/m(3) measured as total particulate. Method 5524, a sampling and analytical method for MWF issued by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to support the standard, is described. This technique separates MWF from commingled particulate by extraction with a ternary blend of methylene chloride, methanol, and toluene. Despite lowered exposure limits, occupational disease due to MWF is still observed, indicating further analyses of MWF samples may be needed to isolate causative agents. A NIOSH analytical research program for metalworking fluids which employs liquid chromatographic techniques to separate and classify major components of the MWF according to chemical class is discussed. The analysis of biocides and nitro-samines using an electrospray-mass spectrometric technique is also described. Miscellaneous other analytical issues are also addressed. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Korea Occupat Safety & Hlth Agcy, Inchon, South Korea. RP Glaser, R (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-V D I VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA ATTN: MRS. CLAUDIA BANOS, HEINRICHSTRASSE 24, D-40239 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0039-0771 J9 GEFAHRST REINHALT L JI Gefahrst. Reinhalt. Luft PD JUN PY 2003 VL 63 IS 6 BP 237 EP 240 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706GF UT WOS:000184445100005 ER PT J AU Brackett, EM Allen, DK Kenning, RW King, VA Olsen, BM AF Brackett, EM Allen, DK Kenning, RW King, VA Olsen, BM TI Internal dose reconstruction under the energy employees occupational illness compensation program SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MJW Corp Inc, Williamsville, NY 14221 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S212 EP S212 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000181 ER PT J AU Fix, JJ Kenoyer, JL Merwin, SE Tankersley, WG Taulbee, TD AF Fix, JJ Kenoyer, JL Merwin, SE Tankersley, WG Taulbee, TD TI Development of external dosimetry parameters for site profiles SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S223 EP S223 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000216 ER PT J AU Henshaw, RW Elliott, LJ AF Henshaw, RW Elliott, LJ TI The application of dose reconstruction results to NIOSH-IREP (NIOSH's version of the interactive radio-epidemiological program) in estimating the probability of causation of radiogenic cancer SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S210 EP S210 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000177 ER PT J AU Merwin, SE Taulbee, TD Smith, MH Stewart, DN AF Merwin, SE Taulbee, TD Smith, MH Stewart, DN TI External dose reconstruction under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S212 EP S212 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000182 ER PT J AU Miller, CW Spano, M Vanderford, ML McCurley, C Whitcomb, RC AF Miller, CW Spano, M Vanderford, ML McCurley, C Whitcomb, RC TI Hospital communications in a mass casualty radiological event. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000020 ER PT J AU Neton, JW AF Neton, JW TI Implementation of the dose reconstruction rule - 42 CFR Part 82 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S210 EP S210 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000176 ER PT J AU Rafales, LS Kuo, N Wallace, PW Wierowski, JV Schuster, DG AF Rafales, LS Kuo, N Wallace, PW Wierowski, JV Schuster, DG TI Managing data quality for the NIOSH claims tracking system. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Adv Technol Labs Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ Inc, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S149 EP S149 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000008 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Spano, M McCurley, C Whitcomb, RC Miller, CW AF Smith, JM Spano, M McCurley, C Whitcomb, RC Miller, CW TI Results of a roundtable on hospital management of mass casualties from a radiological incident. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S202 EP S202 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000153 ER PT J AU Taulbee, TD Neton, JW AF Taulbee, TD Neton, JW TI A Monte Carlo approach to estimate organ dose uncertainty SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S212 EP S213 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000183 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, RC AF Whitcomb, RC TI Comparison of I-129 and Cs-137 in marshall islands soil. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S208 EP S208 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000171 ER PT J AU Ndiaye, SM Quick, L Sanda, O Niandou, S AF Ndiaye, SM Quick, L Sanda, O Niandou, S TI The value of community participation in disease surveillance: a case study from Niger SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Applied-Sociology CY AUG 10-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Soc Appl Sociol DE Africa; community-based surveillance; polio eradication; social assessments ID POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION; IMMUNIZATION; EMPOWERMENT; PREVENTION; PROGRESS AB A team of researchers, including one behavioral scientist (S.M.N.) and three epidemiologists (L.Q., O.S. and S.N.) conducted community analyses to assess the social and cultural factors that affect the detection and reporting of disease cases in a surveillance system, using acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Niger as a case study. Over a 60-day period in the country, the research team reviewed written field reports and interviewed epidemiologists, nurses, community members and persons in governmental and non-governmental organizations. Overall, we found that the logistical difficulties of travel and communication, which are common in developing countries, constrain the conventional surveillance system that relies on epidemiologists visiting sites to discover and investigate cases, particularly in rural areas. Other challenges include: community members' lack of knowledge about the possible link between a case of paralysis and a dangerous, communicable disease; lack of access to health care, including the low number of clinics and health care workers; cultural beliefs that favor seeking a local healer before consulting a nurse or physician; and health workers' lack of training in AFP surveillance. The quality of surveillance in developing countries can improve if a community-based approach is adopted. Such a system has been used successfully in Niger during smallpox-eradication and guinea worm-control campaigns. In a community-based system, community members receive basic education or more extensive training to motivate and enable them to notify health care staff about possible cases of disease in a timely fashion. Local organizations, local projects and local leaders must be included to ensure the success of such a program. In Niger we found sufficient quantities of this type of social capital, along with enough local experience of past health campaigns, to suggest that a community-based approach can improve the level of comprehensiveness and sensitivity of surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. DSNIS, Niamey, Niger. RP Ndiaye, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1093/heapro/18.2.89 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 680BE UT WOS:000182955800002 PM 12746380 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Management of HCV-infected health care workers - Reply SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JUN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1498 EP 1499 DI 10.1053/jhep.2003.50248 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 684ZQ UT WOS:000183236700041 ER PT J AU Kuffner, T Whitworth, W Jairam, M McNicholl, J AF Kuffner, T Whitworth, W Jairam, M McNicholl, J TI HLA class II and TNF genes in African Americans from the Southeastern United States: Regional differences in allele frequencies SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetics; polymorphism; cytokine; allele; DNA typing ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; TUBERCULOSIS; DIVERSITY; ANTIGENS; VACCINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Knowledge of population major histocompatibility complex gene frequencies is important for construction of organ donor pools and for studies of disease association. Human leukocyte antigen DRB1 (HLA-DRB1), HLA-DQB1, and TNFalpha-308 (G-A) promoter genetic typing was performed in 112 healthy, unrelated African Americans (AAs) from the southeastern United States. Allele frequencies were compared with published frequency data from other AA populations. Our AA population had the highest frequency of HLA-DRB1*09 (6.7%) reported in any AA population. The frequency of the TNFalpha -308A polymorphism was also high (1 4.4%), when compared with published frequencies in AAs. Significant regional differences in the distribution of most HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles were observed in all AA populations examined. The AA HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 frequencies also differed from published Caucasian frequencies. This is the first report describing the distribution of TNFalpha promoter alleles in the Southeastern United States. The high DRB1*09 and TNFalpha -308A allele frequencies of our population most resemble the frequencies of these alleles in certain West African populations. These varying major histocompatibility complex gene frequencies may reflect different regional population structures among AAs in the United States, which may be due to differences in ancestral origins, migration, and racial admixture. (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 2003. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP McNicholl, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Mail Stop A25,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 6 BP 639 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(03)00056-9 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 687TN UT WOS:000183393200011 PM 12770797 ER PT J AU Basak, SC Mills, D Mumtaz, MM Balasubramanian, K AF Basak, SC Mills, D Mumtaz, MM Balasubramanian, K TI Use of topological indices in predicting aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding potency of dibenzofurans: A hierarchical QSAR approach SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY SECTION A-INORGANIC BIO-INORGANIC PHYSICAL THEORETICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ELECTROTOPOLOGICAL-STATE; GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS; VAPOR-PRESSURE; ACUTE TOXICITY; MUTAGENICITY; REGRESSION; SIMILARITY; NUMBERS; AMINES AB Topostructural (TS) and topochemical (TC) indices, geometrical descriptors, and ab initio (STO-3G) quantum chemical indices have, been employed either alone or hierarchically in the development of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models of the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor binding potency of a set of 34 dibenzofurans. Results show that, for the full set, the TS and TC indices explain most of the variance in the data. The addition of 3-D and quantum chemical indices makes only slight improvement in the predictive capability of QSAR models. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0376-4710 J9 INDIAN J CHEM A JI Indian J. Chem. Sect A-Inorg. Bio-Inorg. Phys. Theor. Anal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1391 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 697FT UT WOS:000183932100024 ER PT J AU Hines, CJ Waters, MA Larsson, L Petersen, MR Saraf, A Milton, DK AF Hines, CJ Waters, MA Larsson, L Petersen, MR Saraf, A Milton, DK TI Characterization of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acid levels in air and settled dust from commercial aircraft cabins SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE endotoxin; 3-hydroxy fatty acids; aircraft; exposure assessment; air quality ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; HOUSE-DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOTOXIN; LIMULUS ASSAY; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; COMPONENTS; SEVERITY; BACTERIA; HOME AB Endotoxin was measured in air and dust samples collected during four commercial aircraft flights. Samples were analyzed for endotoxin biological activity using the Limulus assay. 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FA) of carbon chain lengths C(10:0) -C(18:0) were determined in dust by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) endotoxin air level was 1.5 EU/m(3) (1.9, n = 28); however, significant differences were found by flight within aircraft type. Mean endotoxin levels were significantly higher in carpet dust than in seat dust (140 +/- 81 vs. 51 +/- 25 EU/mg dust, n = 32 each, P < 0.001). Airborne endotoxin levels were not significantly related to either carpet or seat dust endotoxin levels. Mean 3-OH FA levels were significantly higher in carpet dust than in seat dust for C(10:2) , C(12:0) , and C(14:0) (P < 0.001 for each), while the mean level of C(16:0) was significantly higher in seat dust than in carpet dust (P < 0.01). Carpet dust endotoxin was significantly, but moderately, correlated with 3-OH-C(12:0) and 3-OH-C(14:0) (Pearson r = 0.52 and 0.48, respectively), while correlation of seat dust endotoxin with individual 3-OH FAs depended on the test statistic used. Mean endotoxin potency was significantly higher for carpet dust than for seat dust (6.3 +/- 3.0 vs. 3.0 +/- 1.4 EU/pmol LPS, P < 0.0001). Mean endotoxin levels in the air and dust of commercial aircraft cabins were generally higher than mean levels reported in homes and office buildings. These results suggest that exposure route and dust source are important considerations when relating endotoxin exposure to specific health outcomes. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Lund, Sweden. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hines, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM chines@cdc.gov RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Milton, Donald/G-3286-2010 OI Milton, Donald/0000-0002-0550-7834 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0668.2003.00175.x PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 680ZW UT WOS:000183010800011 PM 12756010 ER PT J AU Jarvis, WR Ostrowsky, B AF Jarvis, WR Ostrowsky, B TI Dinosaurs, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and infection control personnel: Survival through translating science into prevention SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BELGIAN HOSPITALS; COMMUNITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Extramural Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ostrowsky, B (reprint author), Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, 145 Huguenot St,7th Floor, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 392 EP 396 DI 10.1086/502220 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 689UE UT WOS:000183510700001 PM 12828313 ER PT J AU Baggett, HC Hennessy, TW Leman, R Hamlin, C Bruden, D Reasonover, A Martinez, P Butler, JC AF Baggett, HC Hennessy, TW Leman, R Hamlin, C Bruden, D Reasonover, A Martinez, P Butler, JC TI An outbreak of community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections in southwestern Alaska SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; LEUKOCIDIN; AUSTRALIA; STRAINS AB OBJECTIVE: We investigated a large outbreak of community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in southwestern Alaska to determine the extent of these infections and whether MRSA isolates were likely community acquired. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Rural southwestern Alaska. PATIENTS: All patients with a history of culture-confirmed S.-aureus infection from March 1, 1999, through August 10,2000. RESULTS: More than 86% of culture-confirmed S. aureus infections were methicillin resistant, and 84% of MRSA infections involved skin or soft tissue; invasive disease was rare. Most (77%) of the patients with MRSA skin infections had community-acquired MRSA (no hospitalization, surgery, dialysis, indwelling line or catheter, or admission to a long-term-care facility in the 12 months before infection). Patients with MRSA skin infections were more likely to have received a prescription for an antimicrobial agent in the 180 days before infection than were patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus skin infections. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the epidemiology of MRSA in rural southwestern Alaska has changed and suggest that the emergence of community-onset MRSA in this region was not related to spread of a hospital organism. Treatment guidelines were developed recommending that beta-lactam antimicrobial agents not be used as a first-line therapy for suspected S. aureus infections. C1 CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. RP Baggett, HC (reprint author), CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 29 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1086/502221 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 689UE UT WOS:000183510700002 PM 12828314 ER PT J AU Jernigan, JA Pullen, AL Flowers, L Bell, M Jarvis, WR AF Jernigan, JA Pullen, AL Flowers, L Bell, M Jarvis, WR TI Prevalence of and risk factors for colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the time of hospital admission SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; CARRIAGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; INCREASE; TEAM AB OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization among patients presenting for hospital admission and to identify risk factors for MRSA colonization. DESIGN: Surveillance cultures were performed at the time of hospital admission to identify patients colonized with S. aureus. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for MRSA colonization. SETTING: A tertiary-care academic medical center. PATIENTS: Adults presenting for hospital admission (N = 974). RESULTS: S. aureus was isolated from 205 (21%) of the patients for whom cultures were performed. Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus was isolated from 179 (18.4%) of the patients, and MRSA was isolated from 26 (2.7%) of the patients. All 26 MRSA-colonized patients had been admitted to a healthcare facility in the preceding year, had at least one chronic illness, or both. In multivariate analyses comparing MRSA-colonized patients with control-patients, admission to a nursing home (odds ratio [OR], 16.5; 95% confidence interval [CI95] 1.4 to 192.1; P =.025) or a hospitalization of 5 days or longer luring the preceding year (OR, 3.91; CI95, 1.1 to 13.9; P =.035) were independent predictors of MRSA colonization. CONCLUSIONS: Patients colonized with MRSA admitted to this hospital likely acquired the organism during previous encounters with healthcare facilities. There was no evidence that MRSA colonization occurs commonly among low-risk individuals in this community. These data suggest that evaluation of recent healthcare exposures is essential if true community acquisition of MRSA is to be confirmed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jernigan, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1086/502230 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 689UE UT WOS:000183510700004 PM 12828316 ER PT J AU Jernigan, JA Pullen, AL Partin, C Jarvis, WR AF Jernigan, JA Pullen, AL Partin, C Jarvis, WR TI Prevalence of and risk factors for colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an outpatient clinic population SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL ADMISSION; COMMUNITY; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; CARRIAGE; BACTEREMIA; ADULTS AB OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in an outpatient population and to identify risk factors for MRSA colonization. DESIGN: Surveillance cultures were performed during outpatient visits to identify S. aureus colonization. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for MRSA colonization. SETTING: Primary care internal medicine clinic. PATIENTS: Adults presenting for non-acute primary care (N = 494). RESULTS: S. aureus was isolated from 122 (24.7%) of the patients for whom cultures were performed. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was isolated from 107 (21.7%) of the patients, where-as MRSA was isolated from 15 (3.0%) of the patients. All MRSA isolates were resistant to multiple non-beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. In multivariate analyses, MRSA colonization was independently associated with admission to a nursing home (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 103; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 7 to 999) or hospital in the previous year, although the association with hospital admission was observed only among those without chronic illness (adjusted OR, 7.1; CI95, 1.3 to 38.1). In addition, MRSA colonization was associated with the presence of at least one under-lying chronic illness, although this association was observed only among those who had not been hospitalized in the previous year (adjusted OR, 5.1; CI95, 1.2 to 21.9). CONCLUSIONS: We found a low prevalence of MRSA colonization in an adult outpatient population. MRSA carriers most likely acquired the organism through contact with health-care facilities rather than in the community. These data show that care must be taken when attributing MRSA colonization to the community if detected in outpatients or during the first 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jernigan, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1086/502223 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 689UE UT WOS:000183510700011 PM 12828323 ER PT J AU Conn, JM Annest, JL Gilchrist, J AF Conn, JM Annest, JL Gilchrist, J TI Sports and recreation related injury episodes in the US population, 1997-99 SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; SCHOOL AB Objective: To characterize sports and recreation related (SR) injury episodes in the US population. SR activities are growing in popularity suggesting the need for increased awareness of SR injuries as a public health concern for physically active persons of all ages in the US population. Setting: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a face-to-face household survey conducted yearly by the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic and health data are collected from a nationally representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized population residing in the US. Methods: Medically attended injury events reported in the 1997-99 Injury Section of the NHIS were categorized according to the associated sport or recreational activity using a classification scheme based on the International Classification of External Causes of Injury system. Episodes where the injured person received any type of medical attention (that is, medical advice or treatment) from any health care provider were used to report the incidence, severity, and nature of SR injuries sustained by US citizens. Results: Annually, an estimated seven million Americans received medical attention for SR injuries (25.9 injury episodes per 1000 population). For 5-24 year olds, this national estimate was about 42% higher than estimates based on SR injuries seen only in emergency departments over a similar time frame. The highest average annual SR injury episode rates were for children ages 5-14 years (59.3 per 1000 persons) and persons aged 15-24 years (56.4 per 1000 persons). The SR injury episode rate for males was more than twice the rate for females. The age adjusted injury rate for whites was 1.5 times higher than for blacks (28.8 v 19.0 per 1000 population). Basketball was the most frequently mentioned SR activity when the injury episode occurred, with a rate of about four injury events per 1000 population. Strains and sprains accounted for 31% of injury episodes. An estimated 1.1 million SR episode related injuries involve the head or neck region, of which 17% were internal head injuries. The most common mechanisms of injury were struck by/against (34%), fall (28%), and overexertion (13%). Conclusion: As physical activity continues to be promoted as part of a healthy lifestyle, SR injuries are becoming an important public health concern for both children and adults. Prevention efforts aimed at reducing SR injuries through targeting high risk activities, places of occurrence, activity, risk behaviors, and use of protective devices need to go beyond focusing on children and also consider physically active adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Conn, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 175 Z9 182 U1 1 U2 15 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1136/ip.9.2.117 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690JW UT WOS:000183546000007 PM 12810736 ER PT J AU Ballesteros, MF Schieber, RA Gilchrist, J Holmgreen, P Annest, JL AF Ballesteros, MF Schieber, RA Gilchrist, J Holmgreen, P Annest, JL TI Differential ranking of causes of fatal versus non-fatal injuries among US children SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Objective:Leading causes of fatal and non-fatal injury among US children aged < 15 years were compared. Method:A descriptive study was conducted using nationally representative data on injury related deaths (National Vital Statistics System) and on non-fatal injury related emergency department visits (IEDV; National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program). Data were accessed using a publicly available web based system. Results:Annually, an estimated 7 100 000 pediatric IEDV and 7400 injury deaths occurred. The overall non-fatal to fatal ratio (NF:F) was 966 IEDV:1 death. Among deaths, the leading causes were motor vehicle traffic occupants (n = 1700; NF:F = 150:1), suffocations (n = 1037; NF:F = 14:1), and drownings (n = 971, NF:F = 6:1). Among non-fatal injuries, falls (estimated 2 400 000) and struck by/against (estimated 1 800 000) were the most common causes, but substantially less lethal (NF:F = 19 000:1 and 15 000:1, respectively). Conclusions:The leading causes of pediatric fatal and non-fatal injuries differed substantially. This study indicates the need for consideration of common causes of non-fatal injury, especially falls. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ballesteros, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1136/ip.9.2.173 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690JW UT WOS:000183546000018 PM 12810747 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Mahendra, RR Paulozzi, LJ Winston, RL Shelley, GA Taliano, J Frazier, L Saul, JR AF Swahn, MH Mahendra, RR Paulozzi, LJ Winston, RL Shelley, GA Taliano, J Frazier, L Saul, JR TI Violent attacks on Middle Easterners in the United States during the month following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID INJURY SURVEILLANCE; NEWSPAPERS AB Objectives: To document and describe hate related violent attacks on Middle Easterners or those perceived to be Middle Easterners during the month following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, DC. Methods: The LexisNexis database of newspaper reports were used to identify incidents of hate related violent acts against Middle Easterners or those perceived to be Middle Easterners in the US between September 1 and October 11, 2001. A total of 100 incidents of hate related violence were identified in the 2659 news articles that were reviewed. Results: Of the 100 incidents of violent victimization that took place during the period September 1 to October 11, only one incident occurred before September 11. The 99 incidents that occurred after September 11 involved at least 128 victims and 171 perpetrators. Most violent victimizations occurred within 10 days of the attacks, involved male perpetrators and male victims, and occurred in convenience stores, on the streets, at gas stations, at schools/colleges, and at places of worship. Discussion: Most violent victimizations occurred in the 10 days immediately following the terrorist attacks indicating that interventions that promote tolerance and understanding of diversity need to be implemented quickly in order to be effective. In addition, patrolling by police and Neighborhood Watch programs around convenience stores and gas stations may also be effective strategies for reducing hate related violent crimes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun Resources, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 187 EP 189 DI 10.1136/ip.9.2.187 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690JW UT WOS:000183546000022 PM 12810751 ER PT J AU Lushniak, BD AF Lushniak, BD TI The importance of occupational skin diseases in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Occupational Skin Care Management State-of-the-Art Conference CY SEP 01-03, 2000 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND DE skin diseases; dermatitis; occupational; epidemiology ID CONTACT-DERMATITIS; WORKERS; STATISTICS; ILLNESSES; INDUSTRY AB Occupational skin diseases and disorders (OSDs) are the most commonly reported non-trauma-related (acute or cumulative) category of occupational illnesses in the United States. This factor, along with their potential chronicity, their effect on an individual's vocational and avocational activities, and the fact that they are preventable, point out the public health importance of OSDs. It can be difficult to obtain accurate epidemiological data for OSDs in the US, and all sources have their limitations. OSD cases that result in days away from work are important categories to study, since days away from work may be used as an indicator of the severity of a case. Descriptive epidemiology may be used to provide further information on these "more severe" cases, to determine, for example, high-risk industries, occupations, and exposures, and then to use this information to target the high-risk, "more severe" cases for prevention strategies. The goal of the US Public Health Service for the year 2010, as established in its "Healthy People 2010: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives", is to reduce national OSDs to an incidence of no more than 46 per 100,000 full-time workers. Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are considered to be priority research areas as outlined in the National Occupational Research Agenda introduced in 1996 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Increased knowledge and awareness of occupational skin diseases will assist in the achievement of the national public health goals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lushniak, BD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-12, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 76 IS 5 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1007/s00420-002-0417-2 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 700AX UT WOS:000184091400002 PM 12715182 ER PT J AU Boeniger, MF Ahlers, HW AF Boeniger, MF Ahlers, HW TI Federal government regulation of occupational skin exposure in the USA SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Occupational Skin Care Management State-of-the-Art Conference CY SEP 01-03, 2000 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND DE federal regulations; occupational; skin; control; exposures ID SAFETY DATA SHEETS; CONTACT-DERMATITIS; CATIONIC SURFACTANTS; PENETRATION; NICOTINATE; FLUX AB There are at least 14 federal regulations and three agencies that are involved in the regulation of occupational skin exposures in the USA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the reporting of health effects information on chemicals, and such information is used to assess the risks of human and environmental exposure. The health effects information and any resulting risk assessments are generally available to the public. A fair amount of this information relates to skin irritation, sensitization, and dermal absorption. The EPA can require the submission of new data necessary for it to carry out its risk assessments, and has the authority to ban hazardous chemicals for certain uses. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the correct labeling of cosmetics and requires safety and efficacy data on new products that are claimed to have preventive or health benefits. Commercial distribution of topical skin-care and protection products, therefore, can be potentially scrutinized by the FDA, which can control the use of hazardous chemicals in such products. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has the most direct contact with workplaces through its field inspection compliance activity, which is directed at the reduction of workplace injuries and illnesses. Our analysis suggests that although considerable amounts of health effects information is generated and available, such information may not always be adequately conveyed to the end users of chemical products. In addition, the most effective and practical means of preventing exposure is often not apparent or generally known. Current regulations may have created a reliance on use of chemical protective equipment that may not always be the best approach to protecting workers. Lack of performance criteria that are measurable has hampered industry from objectively assessing skin exposures. This lack of performance criteria or guidance has also hindered the implementation of prevention strategies and a critical assessment of their effectiveness. Better guidance from regulatory agencies directed at performance-based control of occupational skin hazards is presently needed. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Boeniger, MF (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 76 IS 5 BP 387 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s00420-002-0425-2 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 700AX UT WOS:000184091400013 PM 12783236 ER PT J AU Quick, R AF Quick, R TI Changing community behaviour: experience from three African countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IFH International Conference on Home Hygiene and the Prevention of infectious Disease in Developing Countries: A Responsibility for All CY APR 15-16, 2002 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP IFH DE Safe Water System; behaviour change; social marketing; community mobilisation; motivational interviewing; disinfectant; diarrhoea ID USE WATER-QUALITY; DIARRHEA PREVENTION; SAFE STORAGE; MADAGASCAR/; CHOLERA; SYSTEM AB In the developing world, more than I billion people lack access to safe water. To address this problem, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Safe Water System (SWS), a household-based intervention with three elements: water disinfection, safe storage and behaviour change techniques, and tested these in three countries. In Zambia, social marketing (SM) was used to implement the SWS, and 100 randomly selected households also received motivational interviewing (MI). In Madagascar, the SWS was implemented using SM and community mobilisation (CM). In rural Western Kenya, the SWS was also implemented with SM and CM. In Zambia, 3 months after the SM project launch, 14% of households in the SM-only group had adopted the disinfectant compared with 78% of households in the SM plus MI group. Through SM, over I million bottles of disinfectant were sold in 3 years in Zambia. In Antananarivo, Madagascar, 6 months after launch of the water disinfectant, 8% of households in an early stage of the CM process were using the disinfectant compared with 20% in households at a late stage of the CM process. In I year, over 500,000 bottles of disinfectant were sold in Madagascar. In Kenya, adoption of the water disinfectant exceeded 60% in intervention households and diarrhoea rates decreased by 58% in children <5 years. Social marketing permits widespread dissemination of interventions, but may have limited penetration into economically disadvantaged communities. Additional, targeted interventions, such as MI and CM, can increase product adoption. A combination of behaviour change interventions can increase project impact. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quick, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 SU 1 BP S115 EP S121 DI 10.1080/0960312031000102877 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690QQ UT WOS:000183560700014 PM 12775387 ER PT J AU Martinez-Guarneros, A Balandrano-Campos, S Solano-Ceh, MA Gonzalez-Dominguez, F Lipman, HB Ridderhof, JC Flisser, A AF Martinez-Guarneros, A Balandrano-Campos, S Solano-Ceh, MA Gonzalez-Dominguez, F Lipman, HB Ridderhof, JC Flisser, A TI Implementation of proficiency testing in conjunction with a rechecking system for external quality assurance in tuberculosis laboratories in Mexico SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE external quality assurance; laboratory network; proficiency testing; rechecking AFB; tuberculosis AB SETTING: In developing countries, tuberculosis is diagnosed by identification of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on sputum smears. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of AFB microscopy, the Mexican Secretary of Health National Reference Laboratory implemented proficiency testing for its network of 637 laboratories. DESIGN: A total of 586 (92%) laboratories were inspected and 430 technicians evaluated by proficiency testing consisting of 10 slides with known numbers of AFB. Results were compared with those of slide rechecking and with proficiency testing performed 2 years later. RESULTS: Of the 430 technicians evaluated by proficiency testing in 1998, 196 (46%) scored less than 80% and received intensive training in 1999. From a previous mean score of 65% their results increased to 90% (P < 0.0001). In 2001, they again underwent proficiency testing, and the mean score was 83%. The main factors affecting proficiency testing results were the type of laboratory in which the microscopists worked and the number of low-positive slides (1-9/100) in the test. Laboratories whose work was rechecked had better scores (P = 0.002). Proficiency testing scores and the estimated sensitivity of the microscopist's laboratory were associated (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: External quality assessment and training improve diagnostic performance. Rechecking and proficiency testing are both viable measures of laboratory performance. C1 Hosp Gen Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez SSA, Direcc Invest, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. InDRE, Dept Mycobacteria, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PHPPO, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flisser, A (reprint author), Hosp Gen Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez SSA, Direcc Invest, Calzada Tlalpan 4800, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. OI Martinez, Armando/0000-0003-4042-9680 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 6 BP 516 EP 521 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 686WQ UT WOS:000183344300004 PM 12797692 ER PT J AU Liu, A Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Chaowanachan, T Yanpaisarn, S Chaikummao, S Limpakarnjanarat, K AF Liu, A Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Chaowanachan, T Yanpaisarn, S Chaikummao, S Limpakarnjanarat, K TI Rapid whole-blood finger-stick test for HIV antibody: Performance and acceptability among women in Northern Thailand SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE rapid HIV testing; whole-blood specimen; acceptability; Thailand ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVENTION; IMPACT; TYPE-1 AB Although use of rapid HIV antibody tests of finger-stick blood specimens could expand voluntary counseling and testing in areas where fear of venipuncture and delays in learning test results are barriers, there is little information on performance and acceptability of these tests in Asia. We used the Hema(.)Strip HIV-1/2 test (Saliva Diagnostic Systems, Vancouver, WA) in a prospective cohort study of HIV seroincidence among women in northern Thailand from 1998 to 1999. Nurses obtained whole-blood specimens by finger-stick testing and provided test results and counseling at each visit. Acceptability of the rapid test was assessed at the first 6-month follow-up visit. HIV-1 seroprevalence among the 804 women screened at enrollment was 3.1 %. Positive rapid test results from 25 women were confirmed by enzyme immunoassay and Western blot analysis using serum obtained by venipuncture. Of the 741 women who returned for follow-up, 56% preferred specimen collection by finger-stick testing to venipuncture, 80% preferred immediate rather than delayed test results, 79% preferred the rapid test method to typical testing methods, and 97% were satisfied with the test method used. Results from this study demonstrate the utility and acceptability of the rapid finger-stick test for HIV antibody among women in northern Thailand. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Limpakarnjanarat, K (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, DMS Bldg 6, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1097/00126334-200306010-00013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 695DG UT WOS:000183815400013 PM 12794554 ER PT J AU Hladik, W Dollard, SC Downing, RG Kataaha, P Pellett, PE Karon, JM Mermin, J Lackritz, EM AF Hladik, W Dollard, SC Downing, RG Kataaha, P Pellett, PE Karon, JM Mermin, J Lackritz, EM TI Kaposi's sarcoma in Uganda: Risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 infection among blood donors SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8); Kaposi's sarcoma; Africa; blood donors; transmission; assay correlation ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; HERPESVIRUS-INFECTION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HIGH SEROPREVALENCE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HEPATITIS-B; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; CHILDREN AB Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is etiologically linked to Kaposi's sarcoma, a common cancer in Uganda. The authors assessed HHV-8 seroprevalence, risk factors for infection, and HHV-8 assays in a cross-sectional study of Ugandan blood donors. Of 3,736 specimens, the authors selected 203 reactive for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or syphilis, and, randomly, 203 nonreactive specimens. For HHV-8 testing, the authors used two peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (EIAs), ORFK8.1 and ORF65, and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Specimens reactive in at least two assays or on IFA alone were considered HHV-8-seropositive. Prevalence estimates were weighted to account for the sampling scheme. Overall HHV-8 seroprevalence was 40%. HHV-8 seroprevalence was higher among HBsAg-positive donors (53%) than HBsAg-negative donors (39%; p =.02) and higher among HIV-positive donors (63%) than HIV-negative donors (39%; p <.001). HHV-8 sero-reactivity showed no trend with age. Kappa values for assay concordances were 0.68 (ORFK8.1 EIA and IFA), 0.37 (ORF65 EIA and K8.1 EIA), and 0.29 (ORF65 EIA and IFA). The association between HHV-8 and HBsAg positivity and the lack of association between HHV-8 and age point to primarily nonsexual HHV-8 transmission during childhood. The association with HIV indicates sexual transmission may also occur. The role of ORF65 EIA in testing specimens from Africa warrants further evaluation. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Virol, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Nakasero Blood Bank, Kampala, Uganda. RP Hladik, W (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global AIDS Program, CDC, MS E-30,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.1097/00126334-200306010-00015 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 695DG UT WOS:000183815400015 PM 12794556 ER PT J AU Dominguez, KL Lindegren, ML d'Almada, PJ Peters, VB Frederick, T Rakusan, TA Ortiz, DR Hsu, HW Melville, SK Sadek, R Fowler, MG AF Dominguez, KL Lindegren, ML d'Almada, PJ Peters, VB Frederick, T Rakusan, TA Ortiz, DR Hsu, HW Melville, SK Sadek, R Fowler, MG CA Ped Sprectrum HIV Dis Consortium TI Increasing trend of cesarean deliveries in HIV-infected women in the United States from 1994 to 2000 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE cesarean section; perinatal HIV transmission; mode of delivery ID VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; SECTION; MODE; COMPLICATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; COHORT; RISK AB Background: Meta-analysis and randomized clinical trial results reported in June 1998 indicated a significant reduction in perinatal HIV transmission rates among mothers undergoing a cesarean section (C-section). Objective: The objective of this study was to examine recent trends in and factors associated with C-section deliveries among HIV-infected women in the United States. Design: A multisite pediatric medical record review of a cohort of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected infants in the Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease (PSD) Cohort study (n = 6467) and the national Pediatric HIV/AlDS Reporting System (HARS) (n 8,306) was conducted. Setting/Patients: All infants born between 1994 and 2000 to HIV-positive mothers referred to the PSD study or to a Pediatric HARS hospital or clinic site were enrolled. Results: The proportion of deliveries by C-section was steady at about 20% from 1994 through June 1998. From July 1998 through December 2000, this proportion increased to 44% in the PSD study and to nearly 50% in the Pediatric HARS. On analysis by multiple logistic regression, delivery of infants by C-section was associated with the release of study results (OR = 2.83), delivery in four PSD sites in reference to Texas (OR: 2.02-1.43), having private medical care reimbursement (OR = 1.62), and having maternal prenatal care (OR = 1.43). Conclusions: The PSD and Pediatric HARS data demonstrate a sharp increase in C-section rates mainly among HIV-infected women in the United States after the release of the meta-analysis and randomized clinical trial results in 1998. This finding highlights the rapid impact of study results on obstetric practice. It underscores the critical role of prenatal care in offering perinatal interventions such as scheduled C-section when indicated to reduce the likelihood of HIV transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Pediat AIDS Surveillance Study, Los Angeles, CA USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, AIDS Surveillance Program, Rio Piedras, PR USA. State Labs Inst, Pediat AIDS Surveillance Project, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur HIV & STD Prevent, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Dominguez, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64 CCU 203312, U64 CCU 206818, U64 CCU 114918, U64 CCU 303310, U64 CCU 603300, U64 CCU 903273] NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1097/00126334-200306010-00019 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 695DG UT WOS:000183815400019 PM 12794560 ER PT J AU Erbelding, EJ Chung, SE Kamb, ML Irwin, KL Rompalo, AM AF Erbelding, EJ Chung, SE Kamb, ML Irwin, KL Rompalo, AM TI New sexually transmitted diseases in HIV-infected patients: Markers for ongoing HIV transmission behavior SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted diseases; HIV transmission ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GONORRHEA; RISK; CHLAMYDIA; SYPHILIS; CLINICS; TYPE-1 AB Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the rate of new sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among HIV-infected patients and to define the behavioral and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients who return with a new STD in follow-up. Design: The study design was a record-based clinical cohort study focusing on patients testing HIV-seropositive in the STD clinics of Baltimore, Maryland from 1993 to 1998. Methods: The authors identified those HIV-infected patients later diagnosed with an STD in follow-up and compared their demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics with those who were not diagnosed with an STD in follow-up. Results: Of 796 men and 354 women with HIV infection, 13.9% of men and 11.9% of women were diagnosed with an STD after their initial HIV diagnosis. HIV-infected men returned with a new STD at a rate of 7 cases per 100 person-years; HIV-infected women returned at a rate of 5.6 cases per 100 person-years. In men, multiple sex partners and sex worker contact were associated with a subsequent STD diagnosis (OR = 1.67, p =.037; OR = 1.82, p =.015, respectively). In women, age younger than 30 years was associated with the diagnosis of an STD after the diagnosis of HIV infection (OR = 2.94, p =.0009). Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with HIV in an STD clinic setting commonly return with new STDs in follow-up, suggesting continued exposure of HIV to others. More intensive screening and counseling interventions focused on STD prevention in those with HIV infection is a necessary HIV prevention strategy. C1 Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Erbelding, EJ (reprint author), 1830 E Monument St,Room 445, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1097/00126334-200306010-00021 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 695DG UT WOS:000183815400021 PM 12794562 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Williamson, JM AF Dworkin, MS Williamson, JM CA AdultAdolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI AIDS wasting syndrome: Trends, influence on opportunistic infections, and survival SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE AIDS; wasting syndrome; HAART; opportunistic illness ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; WEIGHT-LOSS; COMBINATION THERAPY; DOUBLE-BLIND; MEN AB The authors examined data from a large cohort of HIV-infected persons to demonstrate recent trends in wasting syndrome, to examine the influence of wasting syndrome on the incidence of other opportunistic illnesses, and to explore if any of the commonly prescribed treatments for wasting are associated with improved survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate left-truncated Cox models were used to estimate time to death after the first diagnosis of wasting syndrome and to quantify the association between the covariate and mortality, respectively. The incidence of wasting declined during 1992 through 1999, with the most marked rate of decline occurring after 1995. The incidence of AIDS- and non-AIDS-defining illnesses was generally high at or after a diagnosis of wasting syndrome. Factors significantly associated with improved survival include having a CD4(+) count of greater than or equal to200 cells/L during the interval of the wasting syndrome diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy with two or more drugs at or after the diagnosis of wasting syndrome. Prescription of oxandrolone was associated with improved survival, but the results did not quite reach statistical significance. The authors' study provides supportive information that treatment of wasting syndrome may have a favorable impact on survival. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, 160 N LaSalle,7 S, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1097/00126334-200306010-00024 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 695DG UT WOS:000183815400024 PM 12794565 ER PT J AU Mack, KA Ory, MG AF Mack, KA Ory, MG TI AIDS and older Americans at the end of the twentieth century SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE older persons; AIDS; HIV; epidemiology ID VETERANS AGING COHORT; HIV; BEHAVIORS; ADULTS; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS; EPIDEMIC; STATES AB In the past 11 years, the cumulative number of AIDS cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in adults aged 50 years or older quintupled, from 16,288 in 1990 to 90,513 by the end of December 2001. This article provides an overview of AIDS cases through 2001, shows the growing totals of AIDS cases among persons aged 50 years or older, and describes and compares these cases with those among younger people. It also reviews work on perceptions of persons aged 50 years or older on their risk for contracting HIV and their preventive health practices. Most of the data for this article came from the CDC web site and the AIDS public use data set. Although the incidence of AIDS appears to be leveling off in the general population, the data show that older people as a group represent a substantial share of new cases. There are currently more than 60,000 persons estimated to be aged 50 years or older living with AIDS in the United States; more than 50,000 persons with AIDS in this age group have died since the epidemic began. In light of the new era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, it can be expected that the AIDS epidemic will continue to age in multifaceted ways. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K 66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 33 SU 2 BP S68 EP S75 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 696QT UT WOS:000183898800003 PM 12853855 ER PT J AU Brindis, CD Klein, J Schlitt, J Santelli, J Juszczak, L Nystrom, RJ AF Brindis, CD Klein, J Schlitt, J Santelli, J Juszczak, L Nystrom, RJ TI School-based health centers: Accessibility and accountability SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE access to care; adolescents; School-Based Health Centers ID MANAGED CARE; ADOLESCENTS; SERVICES; ACCESS; MEDICAID; DELIVERY AB Purpose: To examine the current experience of school-based health centers (SBHCs) in meeting the needs of children and adolescents, changes over time in services provided and program sponsorship, and program adaptations to the changing medical marketplace. Methods: Information for the 1998-1999 Census of School-Based Health Centers was collected through a questionnaire mailed to health centers in December 1998. A total of 806 SBHCs operating in schools or on school property responded, representing a 70% response rate. Descriptive statistics and cross-tab analyses were conducted. Results: The number of SBHCs grew from 120 in 1988 to nearly 1200 in 1998, serving an estimated 1.1 million students. No longer primarily in urban high schools, health centers now operate in diverse areas in 45 states, serving students from kindergarten through high school. Sponsorship has shifted from community-based clinics to hospitals, local health departments, and community health centers, which represent 73% of all sponsors. Most use computer-based patient-tracking systems (88%), and 73% bill Medicaid and other third-party insurers for student-patient encounters. Conclusions: SBHCs have demonstrated leadership by implementing medical standards of care and providing accountable sources of health care. Although the SBHC model is responsive to local community needs, centers provide care for only 2% of children enrolled in U.S. schools. A lack of stable financing streams continues to challenge sustainability. As communities seek to meet the needs of this population, they are learning important lessons about providing acceptable, accessible, and comprehensive services and about implementing quality assurance mechanisms. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2003. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Natl Assembly Sch Based Hlth Care, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Yeshiva Univ, Albert Einstein Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Brindis, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, 3333 Calif St,Suite 265, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU PHS HHS [MCJ 00978, MCJ 06A80, MCU 069384] NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 SU S BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00069-7 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 688VJ UT WOS:000183457400010 PM 12782448 ER PT J AU Wu, XC Chen, VW Steele, B Roffers, S Klotz, JB Correa, CN Carozza, SE AF Wu, XC Chen, VW Steele, B Roffers, S Klotz, JB Correa, CN Carozza, SE TI Cancer incidence in adolescents and young adults in the United States, 1992-1997 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescent; cancer incidence patterns; cancer registry; epidemiology; gender differences; young adult ID GERM-CELL TUMORS; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HODGKINS-DISEASE; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; BREAST-CANCER; INCESSANT OVULATION; INFECTION; CHILDREN; RISK AB Purpose: To examine cancer incidence patterns among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Methods: Cancer incidence data from 26 population-based central cancer registries for 1992-1997 were used. Individual cancers were grouped into specific diagnostic groups and subgroups using an integrated classification scheme. The integrated scheme was developed for this study and was based on the most commonly used schemes in population-based epidemiologic studies: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program's site groups, International Classification of Childhood Cancer, and International Agency for Research on Cancer's Histological Groups for Comparitive Studies. Percent distributions and age-specific incidence rates per million population were computed for adolescents (aged 15-19 years) and young adults (aged 20-24 years) by gender. Results: The data for 26,010 cancer cases were examined. Among 15-19-year-olds, the five most common cancers were Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, cancer in the brain and other nervous system, bone cancer, and non-Hodgkin's disease. Among 20-24-year-olds, the five most common cancers were Hodgkin's disease, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, melanoma of the skin, and leukemia. The proportions and rates of the histologic subtypes for most of the common cancers changed with advancing age. For example, among 15-19-year-olds, acute lymphocytic leukemia accounted for approximately 60% of leukemias in males and 50% in females. Among 20-24-yearolds, however, the corresponding percentages of acute lymphocytic leukemia were 37% in males and 31% in females. For ovarian cancer, the germ cell tumor was the most common subtype (54.6% of all ovarian cancers) among 15-19-year-olds. In contrast, ovarian carcinoma was the predominant subtype (70.4%) among 20-24-year-olds. For both age groups, the incidence rates of nodular Hodgkin's disease, melanoma of the skin, and thyroid cancer were significantly greater in females than in males. Conclusions: Cancer incidence patterns among adolescents and young adults are distinctive. In these age groups, a transition from predominantly pediatric histologic subtypes to adult subtypes was observed for Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, ovarian cancer, and soft tissue sarcoma. Gender differences were found for Hodgkin's disease, melanoma of the skin, and thyroid cancer. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2003. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Sr Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Wu, XC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 70 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00057-0 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 687YV UT WOS:000183405300002 PM 12782451 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Nystrom, RJ Brindis, C Juszczak, L Klein, JD Bearss, N Kaplan, DW Hudson, M Schlitt, J AF Santelli, JS Nystrom, RJ Brindis, C Juszczak, L Klein, JD Bearss, N Kaplan, DW Hudson, M Schlitt, J TI Reproductive health in school-based health centers: Findings from the 1998-99 census of school-based health centers SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; HIV prevention; pregnancy prevention; primary care; reproductive health; school health; school-based health centers; sexually transmitted disease prevention ID ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; PRIMARY-CARE; CLINICS; SERVICES; ATTITUDES; PROGRAM; LEVEL AB Purpose: To describe the state of reproductive health services, including access to contraception and health center policies, among school-based health centers (SBHCs) serving adolescents in the United States Methods: We examined questionnaire data on provision of reproductive health services from the 1998-99 Census of School-Based Health Centers (response rate 70%). We examined 551 SBHCs in schools with high or middle school grades. We used logistic regression to define factors independently associated with services and policies. Results: Most SBHCs (76%) were open full-time; over one-half (51%) of centers had opened in the past 4 years. Services provided, either on-site or by referral, included gynecological examinations (95%), pregnancy testing (96%), sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis and treatment (95%), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) counseling (94%), HIV testing (93%), oral contraceptive pills (89%), condoms (88%), Depo-Provera (88%), Nor-plant (78%), and emergency contraception (77%). Counseling, screening, pregnancy testing, and STD/HIV services were often provided on-site (range 55%-82%); contraception was often provided only by referral (on-site availability = 3%-28%). SBHCs with more provider staffing were more likely to provide services on-site; rural SBHCs and those serving younger grades were less likely to provide these services on-site. Over three-quarters (76%) of SBHCs reported prohibitions about providing contraceptive services on-site; the sources of these prohibitions included school district policy (74%), school policy (30%), state law (13%), and health center policy (12%). While SBHCs generally required parental permission for general health services, many allowed adolescents to access care independently for certain services including STD care (48%) and family planning (40%). Older SBHCs were more likely to allow independent access. Conclusions: SBHCs provide a broad range of reproductive health services directly or via referral; however, they often face institutional and logistical barriers to providing recommended reproductive health care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Adolescent Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY USA. Christianna Care Visiting Nurse Assoc, Georgetown, DE USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Natl Assembly Sch Based Hlth Care, Washington, DC USA. RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00063-6 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 687YV UT WOS:000183405300007 PM 12782456 ER PT J AU Ashaye, MO Giles, WH AF Ashaye, MO Giles, WH TI Are heart disease patients more likely to have healthy lifestyle behaviors? Results from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; heart diseases; risk factors; life style; health behavior; primary prevention ID SECONDARY PREVENTION; SMOKING CESSATION; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; WOMEN; MEN; OBESITY AB Background Our objective was to determine whether persons with coronary heart disease (CHD) were more likely to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors (HLBs) than persons without CHID. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (n=35677) were analyzed. HLBs included maintaining an ideal body weight (body mass index < 25.0), eating five or more fruits and vegetables daily, performing at least 30 minutes of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) at least five times per week and non-smokers (former and never smokers). Logistic regression was used to determine whether persons with CHD were more likely to engage in all four HLBs than persons without CHID after adjusting for age, sex, race and education. Results Only 6.3% of persons with CHID and 6.8% among persons without CHD engaged in all four HLBs. In the crude analysis, persons with CH D were 10% less likely than persons without CH D to engage in all four HLBs [odds ratio (OR)=0.9; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.7-1.3]. After adjusting for covariates, persons with CHD were equally as likely to engage in all four HLBs as persons without CH D (OR= 1.0; 95% Cl = 0.7-1.3). Conclusions Overall, only a small proportion of persons engaged in all four HLBs. After adjusting for covariates, persons with CHID were just as likely as persons without CHID to engage in all four HLBs. Additional efforts are needed to increase the proportion of adults engaging in all four HLBs, particularly among persons with CHD. J Cardiovasc Risk 10:207-212 (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ashaye, MO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [T-15/15-CCD01-002] NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1350-6277 J9 J CARDIOVASC RISK JI J. Cardiovasc. Risk PD JUN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1097/01.hjr.0000065927.57001.a9 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 693YX UT WOS:000183746900009 PM 12775954 ER PT J AU Chaitram, JM Jevitt, LA Lary, S Tenover, FC AF Chaitram, JM Jevitt, LA Lary, S Tenover, FC CA WHO Antimicrobial Resistance Grp TI The World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System proficiency testing program has improved the accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting among participating laboratories using NCCLS methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CLINICAL LABORATORIES; FLUOROQUINOLONES; ABILITY AB A total of 150 laboratories in 33 countries that followed the NCCLS testing procedures participated in the World Health Organization's External Quality Assurance System for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EQAS-AST) from January 1998 through March 2001. Laboratories tested seven bacterial isolates for antimicrobial resistance and reported the results to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Ga. The results were compared to the results generated at the CDC with the NCCLS broth microdilution and disk diffusion reference methods. Although there were few testing errors with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, drugs that are not appropriate for therapy of Salmonella infections were tested and reported by 136 (91%) of 150 laboratories. In addition, 29 (20%) of 150 laboratories used the Staphylococcus aureus breakpoints to report oxacillin results for Staphylococcus saprophyticus. For a vanB-containing Enterococcus faecalis strain, 124 (83%) of 150 laboratories correctly reported vancomycin results that were +/-1 doubling dilution from the reference MIC or +/-3 mm from the reference disk diffusion result. Of the laboratories that tested Streptococcus agalactiae by disk diffusion, 17% reported nonsusceptible results for penicillin in error. While 110 laboratories (73%) tested the S. pneumoniae challenge isolate against a fluoroquinolone, 83% tested it against ciprofloxacin, for which there are no NCCLS interpretive criteria. Ten of 12 laboratories testing levofloxacin and 4 of 4 laboratories testing ofloxacin by an MIC method correctly reported resistant results for the isolate. Feedback letters sent to participating laboratories highlighted areas of susceptibility testing in individual laboratories that needed improvement. The positive impact of the feedback letters and the overall effectiveness of the EQAS program were documented in repeat testing challenges with pneumococci and staphylococci. The 31 and 19% increases in the numbers of laboratories using appropriate testing methods for pneumococci and staphylococci, respectively, in 2000 versus 1998 indicate that laboratory performance is improving. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Brigham & Womens Hosp, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Antimicrobial Resi, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Chaitram, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2372 EP 2377 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2372-2377.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 688ZB UT WOS:000183466200017 PM 12791851 ER PT J AU Conville, PS Brown, JM Steigerwalt, AG Lee, JW Byrer, DE Anderson, VL Dorman, SE Holland, SM Cahill, B Carroll, KC Witebsky, FG AF Conville, PS Brown, JM Steigerwalt, AG Lee, JW Byrer, DE Anderson, VL Dorman, SE Holland, SM Cahill, B Carroll, KC Witebsky, FG TI Nocardia veterana as a pathogen in North American patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; SP-NOV; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; DNA; BRASILIENSIS; STREPTOMYCES; RHODOCOCCUS; ASTEROIDES; DISEASE AB The molecular methodologies used in our laboratories have allowed us to define a group of Nocardia isolates from clinical samples which resemble the type strain of Nocardia veterana. Three patient isolates and the type strain of N. veterana gave identical and distinctive restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for an amplified portion of the 16S rRNA gene. These three isolates and the N. veterana type strain also gave identical RFLPs for an amplified portion of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene, but this pattern was identical to that obtained for the Nocardia nova type strain. Sequence analysis of both a 1,359-bp region of the 16S rRNA gene and a 441-bp region of the heat shock protein gene of the patient isolates showed 100% identities with the same regions of the N. veterana type strain. DNA-DNA hybridization of the DNA of one of the patient isolates with the DNA of the N. veterana type strain showed a relative binding ratio of 82%, with 0% divergence, confirming that the isolate was N. veterana. Biochemical and susceptibility testing showed no significant differences among the patient isolates and the N. veterana type strain. Significantly, the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing obtained for our isolates were similar to those obtained for N. nova, indicating that susceptibility testing alone cannot discriminate between these species. We present two case studies which show that N. veterana is a causative agent of pulmonary disease in immunocompromised patients residing in North America. We also describe difficulties encountered in using 16S rRNA gene sequences alone for discrimination of N. veterana from the related species Nocardia africana and N. nova because of the very high degree of 16S rRNA gene similarity among them. C1 US Dept HHS, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Microbiol Serv, Dept Lab Med,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHS, NIAID, Host Def Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHC, CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Meningitis & Special Pathogen, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Conville, PS (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Microbiol Serv, Dept Lab Med,NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1508, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2560 EP 2568 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2560-2568.2003 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 688ZB UT WOS:000183466200047 PM 12791881 ER PT J AU Hancock, K Khan, A Williams, FB Yushak, ML Pattabhi, S Noh, J Tsang, VCW AF Hancock, K Khan, A Williams, FB Yushak, ML Pattabhi, S Noh, J Tsang, VCW TI Characterization of the 8-kilodalton antigens of Taenia solium metacestodes and evaluation of their use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-BINDING PROTEIN; IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; HUMAN CYSTICERCOSIS; MONIEZIA-EXPANSA; MAJOR CAUSE; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; ELISA; EPILEPSY; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS AB The Western blot for cysticercosis, which uses lentil lectin purified glycoprotein (LLGP) antigens extracted from the metacestode of Taenia solium, has been the "gold standard" serodiagnostic assay since it was first described in 1989. We report that the diagnostic antigens at 14, 18, and 21 kDa, as well as some larger disulfide-bonded antigens, are actually all members of a very closely related family of proteins, the 8-kDa antigens. The genes for 18 unique, mature proteins have been identified. Nine of these were chemically synthesized and tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a battery of defined serum samples, including 32 cysticercosis-positive serum samples reactive with the 8-kDa antigens of LLGP on Western blotting, 34 serum samples from patients with other parasitic infections, and 15 normal human serum samples. One of the 8-kDa antigens, TsRS1, is 100% sensitive and 100% specific. TsRS1 will be one component of a cocktail of three to four synthetic or recombinant antigens, based on the diagnostic bands of the Western blot, which will be used for the serodiagnosis of cysticercosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hancock, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 23,Room 1001,Mail Stop F-13,4770 Buford High, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI035894, U01 AI35894, 1P01 AI51976-01, P01 AI051976] NR 48 TC 59 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2577 EP 2586 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2577-2586.2003 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 688ZB UT WOS:000183466200049 PM 12791883 ER PT J AU Facklam, R Lovgren, M Shewmaker, PL Tyrrell, G AF Facklam, R Lovgren, M Shewmaker, PL Tyrrell, G TI Phenotypic description and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aerococcus sanguinicola isolates from human clinical samples SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT INFECTIONS; SP-NOV; VIRIDANS BACTEREMIA; ENDOCARDITIS; ORGANISMS; GRANULOCYTOPENIA; RELATEDNESS AB This report describes the clinical sources and phenotypic characterization of 16 isolates of Aerococcus sanguinicola. Sixteen conventional tests were used to describe and differentiate the 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola from 30 strains of Aerococcus viridans, 27 strains of Aerococcus urinae, and a single strain each of Aerococcus christensenii and Aerococcus urinaehominis. The phenotypic characterizations of the type strains for each species and 14 A. sanguinicola isolates were also compared in the two reference laboratories. A. sanguinicola are catalase-negative, vancomycin-susceptible, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters and tetrads, as are all Aerococcus species except A. christensenii (which is arranged in short chains). All 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola were leucine aminopeptidase and pyrrolidonylarylamidase positive, which is unique to this species among the aerococci. All A. sanguinicola isolates grew in broth containing 6.5% NaCl, hydrolyzed hippurate, and were variable in the bile-esculin test. None of the isolates deaminated arginine or were Voges-Proskauer positive. The type strain of A. sanguinicola was isolated from a blood culture of a patient living in Denmark. Seven additional isolates were from patients living in Canada, all with urinary tract infections (six were female). Eight isolates were from patients living in five different states in the United States; five were from patients with urinary tract infections, and three were from blood cultures of one patient each with pneumonia, suspected endocarditis, and unknown clinical conditions. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were unremarkable; all isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), rifampin, linezolid, and tetracycline. Six of the 15 cultures were resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but all 15 strains were susceptible to sparfloxacin. High-level resistance was detected for meropenem (2 strains) and trimethoprim-sulfamethonazole (I strain). Intermediate resistance was detected for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (10 strains) and clindamycin (3 strains). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada. RP Facklam, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop C0-2,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2587 EP 2592 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2587-2592.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 688ZB UT WOS:000183466200050 PM 12791884 ER PT J AU Blitvich, BJ Bowen, RA Marlenee, NL Hall, RA Bunning, ML Beaty, BJ AF Blitvich, BJ Bowen, RA Marlenee, NL Hall, RA Bunning, ML Beaty, BJ TI Epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of West Nile virus antibodies in domestic mammals SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; SERUM AB We evaluated the ability of epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies in domestic mammals. Sera were collected from experimentally infected horses, cats, and pigs at regular intervals and screened in ELISAs and plaque reduction neutralization tests. The diagnostic efficacies of these techniques were similar. C1 Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Equine Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC 20332 USA. RP Beaty, BJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU820510] NR 17 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2676 EP 2679 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2676-2679.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 688ZB UT WOS:000183466200068 PM 12791902 ER PT J AU Kwara, A Schiro, R Cowan, LS Hyslop, NE Wiser, MF Harrison, SR Kissinger, P Diem, L Crawford, JT AF Kwara, A Schiro, R Cowan, LS Hyslop, NE Wiser, MF Harrison, SR Kissinger, P Diem, L Crawford, JT TI Evaluation of the epidemiologic utility of secondary typing methods for differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW COPY NUMBERS; STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; RECOMMENDATIONS; BACTERIA; COMPLEX; MARKERS; IS6110 AB Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR) were evaluated for the ability to differentiate 64 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 10 IS6110-defined clusters. MIRU-VNTR performed slightly better than spoligotyping in reducing the number of clustered isolates and the sizes of the clusters. All epidemiologically related isolates remained clustered by MIRU-VNTR but not by spoligotyping. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Adult Infect Dis, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kwara, A (reprint author), Miriam Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. NR 13 TC 69 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2683 EP 2685 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2683-2685.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 688ZB UT WOS:000183466200070 PM 12791904 ER PT J AU Quarleri, JF Bussy, MV Mathet, VL Ruiz, V Iacono, R Lu, L Robertson, BH Oubina, JR AF Quarleri, JF Bussy, MV Mathet, VL Ruiz, V Iacono, R Lu, L Robertson, BH Oubina, JR TI In vitro detection of dissimilar amounts of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtype-specific RNA genomes in mixes prepared from sera of persons infected with a single HCV genotype SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 5' NONCODING REGION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SUPERINFECTION; ASSAY AB The level of in vitro detection of viral genomes in mixes with two different hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes was investigated by artificially mixing previously measured subtype-specific HCV RNA genomes. The RNAs in these mixtures were reverse transcribed and then PCR amplified by using two sets of primers corresponding to the 5' untranslated region and digested with endonucleases to analyze the restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. This approach facilitated detection of a wider range of type-specific HCV genomes than originally described, beyond equimolar concentrations of contributing HCV subtypes. Moreover, by using computerized image analysis, this study also demonstrated that the true contribution of each virus type-and consequently of mixed infections-may be underestimated when only visual observation is carried out. These results may be useful for comparing data obtained from this and other currently used methodologies. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Hepatatis Lab, Dept Microbiol, Sch Med,Fac Med, RA-1121 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oubina, JR (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Hepatatis Lab, Dept Microbiol, Sch Med,Fac Med, Paraguay 2155,Piso 11, RA-1121 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2727 EP 2733 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2727-2733.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 688ZB UT WOS:000183466200082 PM 12791916 ER PT J AU Alves, M Xiao, LH Sulaiman, I Lal, AA Matos, O Antunes, F AF Alves, M Xiao, LH Sulaiman, I Lal, AA Matos, O Antunes, F TI Subgenotype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans, cattle, and zoo ruminants in Portugal SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PARVUM; CLONING; DIVERSITY; ANTIGEN AB Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, cattle, and wild ruminants were characterized by PCR and DNA sequencing analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene. Seven alleles were identified, three corresponding to C. hominis and four corresponding to C. parvum. One new allele was found (IId), and one (IIb) had only been found in Portugal. Isolates from cattle and wild ruminants clustered in two alleles. In contrast, human isolates clustered in seven alleles, showing extensive allelic diversity. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, UPMM, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Fac Med, Hosp Santa Maria, Univ Doencas Infecciosas, P-1600 Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Alves, M (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, UPMM, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. EM malves@ihmt.uni.pt RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716; Antunes, Francisco/0000-0001-7932-1154; Alves, Margarida/0000-0001-9912-772X NR 25 TC 242 Z9 251 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2744 EP 2747 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2744-2747.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 688ZB UT WOS:000183466200086 PM 12791920 ER PT J AU Alaluusuai, S Calderara, P Gerthoux, PM Lukinmaa, PL Kovero, O Needham, L Patterson, DG Tuomisto, J Mocarelli, P AF Alaluusuai, S. Calderara, P. Gerthoux, P. M. Lukinmaa, P. -L. Kovero, O. Needham, L. Patterson, D. G., Jr. Tuomisto, J. Mocarelli, P. TI Developmental dental defects after the dioxin accident in seveso. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Kuopio, Finland. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 82 SI B MA 2355 BP B305 EP B305 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA V42UY UT WOS:000202893603023 ER PT J AU Barker, LK Beltran, ED Griffin, SO Jones, WB Griffin, PM AF Barker, L. K. Beltran, E. D. Griffin, S. O. Jones, W. B. Griffin, P. M. TI Trends in dental health status among Mexican-American adults (1982-1994). SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 82 SI B MA 0980 BP B135 EP B135 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA V42UY UT WOS:000202893601192 ER PT J AU Beltran, ED Salas, MT Solorzano, I Barker, LK Beltran, RJ AF Beltran, E. D. Salas, M. T. Solorzano, I. Barker, L. K. Beltran, R. J. TI Validity of epidemiological examinations for caries using the World Health Organization periodontal probe. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. INCIENSA, Tres Rios, Costa Rica. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 82 SI B MA 2046 BP B267 EP B267 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA V42UY UT WOS:000202893602482 ER PT J AU Eke, P Beck, JD Madianos, PN Offenbacher, S AF Eke, P. Beck, J. D. Madianos, P. N. Offenbacher, S. TI IgG antibody levels to periodontal organisms and carotid atherosclerosis. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Dent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 82 SI B MA 2992 BP B383 EP B383 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA V42UY UT WOS:000202893603654 ER PT J AU Eke, P Thornton-Evans, GO Barker, LK Malvitz, DM AF Eke, P. Thornton-Evans, G. O. Barker, L. K. Malvitz, D. M. TI Smoking and the association between tooth loss and coronary artery disease: BRFSS 1999. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 82 SI B MA 1697 BP B223 EP B223 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA V42UY UT WOS:000202893602138 ER PT J AU McDowell, M AF McDowell, M TI US Department of Health and Human Services - US Department of Agriculture survey integration activities SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nutrition monitoring; dietary assessment; 24-h dietary recall; NHANES AB The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 provided the impetus for a coordinated effort to collect and report nutrition and health status data, and stimulate research to develop uniform methodologies, technologies, and procedures for national nutrition monitoring. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) developed a joint plan to integrate the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) in 2000. Through the efforts of both agencies, and the feedback of customers and stakeholders, the vision of an integrated national survey became reality in January 2002. The integrated survey is comprised of the NHANES interviewed and examined samples. In addition to household interview data, the NHANES 2002 examined sample data set includes body measures, nutritional biochemistry and hematology data, clinical findings, a dental examination, and two 24-h dietary recalls on all examined persons. The new USDA Multiple-Pass software dietary interview and processing system software was introduced in NHANES 2002. This interview system is used to collect in-person baseline dietary recalls and telephone-mode second day dietary recalls. All NHANES dietary recall data are processed by USDA using SurveyNet software. USDA and DHHS staffs are committed to providing data users with timely data products including selected annual tabular data and biannual public release CDROM products to be called What We Eat in America from NHANES. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP McDowell, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 3 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0889-1575(03)00026-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 692NQ UT WOS:000183667500012 ER PT J AU Koyano, S Mar, EC Stamey, FR Inoue, N AF Koyano, S Mar, EC Stamey, FR Inoue, N TI Glycoproteins M and N of human herpesvirus 8 form a complex and inhibit cell fusion SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MEMBRANE-FUSION; RNA-POLYMERASE; GM HOMOLOG; UL10 GENE; PROTEIN AB Glycoproteins M (gM) and N (gN) are well conserved across the herpesvirus family and their involvement in virus penetration and egress is well described, especially for alphaherpesviruses. Because there was no previous study on the homologues of human herpesvirus 8 glycoproteins M (gM8) and N (gN8), we analysed their biochemical and functional characteristics. We found that: (i) gM8 aggregated following heat treatment; (ii) gM8 was a virion component; (iii) gM8 and gN8 were N-glycosylated; (iv) gM8 formed a specific complex with gN8; and (v) gN8 was required for functional processing of gM8. Co-expression of gM8 and gN8 inhibited cell fusion induced either by a combination of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins or by Molony murine leukaemia virus envelope protein. These results indicate that, in addition to the similar biochemical properties, the fusion inhibition reported previously only for alphaherpesviruses is a function conserved in the gammaherpesvirus subfamily. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Herpesvirus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Inoue, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Herpesvirus Sect, Mailstop G18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 BP 1485 EP 1491 DI 10.1099/vir.0.18941-0 PN 6 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 687JC UT WOS:000183372300016 PM 12771417 ER PT J AU Kennedy, MG AF Kennedy, MG TI Background on the special issue SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kennedy, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-42, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 4 EP 4 DI 10.1080/10810730390224794 PG 1 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800003 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Electronic journal publishing in the age of bioterrorism: How fast is fast ? SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Infect Dis Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Infect Dis Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 9 EP 10 DI 10.1080/10810730390224811 PG 2 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800005 PM 14692566 ER PT J AU Vanderford, ML AF Vanderford, ML TI Communication lessons learned in the emergency operations center during CDC's anthrax response: A commentary SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vanderford, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Commun, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 11 EP 12 DI 10.1080/10810730390224820 PG 2 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800006 PM 14692567 ER PT J AU Prue, CE Lackey, C Swenarski, L Gantt, JM AF Prue, CE Lackey, C Swenarski, L Gantt, JM TI Communication monitoring: Shaping CDC's emergency risk communication efforts SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID MEDIA ADVOCACY; HEALTH AB CDC develops and delivers health messages for a variety of audiences, including the public, health care professionals, public health researchers and practitioners, and policy makers. News media outlets--because of their broad reach and potential to influence knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors--are major channels for disseminating messages to these audiences. CDC has routinely monitored news outlets to identify message/information gaps and opportunities. The 9/11 terrorist attacks and the anthrax incidents that followed required CDC to transform its media monitoring system into a broader communication monitoring system, with both listening and telling functions, to support CDC's public health emergency response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Dev Div, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Prue, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Dev Div, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1080/10810730390224866 PG 15 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800010 PM 14692571 ER PT J AU Mebane, F Temin, S Parvanta, CF AF Mebane, F Temin, S Parvanta, CF TI Communicating anthrax in 2001: A comparison of CDC information and print media accounts SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Information about anthrax released by news media from October 4 to December 3, 2001, was identified, sampled, coded, and compared with information released by CDC during that period using statistical analysis. In addition, communications about two anthrax-related issues were examined in depth. The quantitative analysis showed that, overall, CDC information releases and news coverage tracked fairly closely. When weight was defined as number of mentions, both sources gave the same weight to reports of risk for the population. The news sample gave roughly half the weight as CDC to who was exposed, how people were exposed, and what role antibiotics play in preventing anthrax. The samples were widely divergent (CDC high, news sample low) for public health precautions and other details. The in-depth, qualitative analysis showed that some reporters misinterpreted information provided by CDC, but they responded to requests to clarify the issue. The findings of this study suggest ways to improve future crisis communication efforts and demonstrate how differing methods of analysis can yield substantially different conclusions. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Chapel Hill Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Commun, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mebane, F (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, CB 7411,1104D McGavran Greenberg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 50 EP 82 DI 10.1080/1081730390224875 PG 33 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800011 PM 14692572 ER PT J AU Pollard, WE AF Pollard, WE TI Public perceptions of information sources concerning bioterrorism before and after anthrax attacks: An analysis of national survey data SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH COMMUNICATION; TERRORIST ATTACKS; SEPTEMBER-11 AB This study examined data from six national surveys before and after the bioterrorist anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001. Public perceptions of information sources regarding bioterrorism were examined. The findings highlighted the importance of local television and radio and of cable and network news channels as information sources. The findings also showed the importance of national and local health officials as spokespersons in the event of bioterrorist incidents. Periodic surveys of public attitudes provide important, timely information for understanding audiences in communication planning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pollard, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-42, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1080/10810730390224893 PG 11 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800013 PM 14692574 ER PT J AU Golan, K AF Golan, K TI Surviving a public health crisis: Tips for communicators SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Golan, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 126 EP 127 DI 10.1080/10810730390224992 PG 2 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800019 PM 14692580 ER PT J AU Courtney, J Cole, G Reynolds, B AF Courtney, J Cole, G Reynolds, B TI How the CDC is meeting the training demands of emergency risk communication SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Courtney, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-42, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 128 EP 129 DI 10.1080/10810730390225009 PG 2 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800020 PM 14692581 ER PT J AU Freimuth, V AF Freimuth, V TI Epilogue to the special issue on anthrax SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Freimuth, V (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Speech Commun, Terrell Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 SU 1 BP 148 EP 151 DI 10.1080/10810730390225045 PG 4 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 715QB UT WOS:000184982800024 ER PT J AU Singer, LM Mirel, LB ter Kuile, FO Branch, OH Vulule, JM Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Kariuki, SK Kaslow, DC Lanar, DE Lal, AA AF Singer, LM Mirel, LB ter Kuile, FO Branch, OH Vulule, JM Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Kariuki, SK Kaslow, DC Lanar, DE Lal, AA TI The effects of varying exposure to malaria transmission on development of antimalarial antibody responses in preschool children. XVI. Asembo Bay Cohort Project SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Infectious Diseases CY MAR, 2002 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; TREATED BED NETS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION; CARBOXYL-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; B-CELL EPITOPES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; WESTERN KENYA; 19-KILODALTON DOMAIN; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; INOCULATION RATES AB In areas of intense malaria transmission, malaria morbidity and mortality is highest in children 3-18 months old. Interventions that reduce malaria exposure early in life reduce morbidity but may also delay development of clinical immunity. We assessed the relationship between intensity of malaria exposure and development of antibody responses. Thirty-nine children were monitored monthly, from birth to greater than or equal to2.5 years old (1238 observations), and were divided into 3 exposure categories, on the basis of parasitemic episodes or entomological data. Children with low exposure during the first 2 years of life had higher subsequent levels of antibody to merozoite surface protein-1(19-kDa) (a marker of blood-stage responses) by months 24-35 (P<.05). This inverse relationship decreased as children aged. There was no consistent relationship between exposure early in life and subsequent levels of antibody to circumsporozoite protein (a marker of sporozoite-stage responses). These data suggest that, in areas of intense malaria transmission, during the first 3 years of life, interventions that either reduce the number of asexual parasitemic episodes or lower entomological exposure do not delay the development of antibody responses to blood-stage malarial antigens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Vaccine Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Vaccine Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4700 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM alal@cdc.gov RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 11 BP 1756 EP 1764 DI 10.1086/375241 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 685TK UT WOS:000183279200010 PM 12751033 ER PT J AU Newman, RD Hailemariam, A Jimma, D Degifie, A Kebede, D Rietveld, AEC Nahlen, BL Barnwell, JW Steketee, RW Parise, ME AF Newman, RD Hailemariam, A Jimma, D Degifie, A Kebede, D Rietveld, AEC Nahlen, BL Barnwell, JW Steketee, RW Parise, ME TI Burden of malaria during pregnancy in areas of stable and unstable transmission in Ethiopia during a nonepidemic year SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INFANT-MORTALITY; INFECTION; WOMEN; KENYA; PYRIMETHAMINE; CHLOROQUINE; PREVENTION; ENDEMICITY AB Little is known about the epidemiology of malaria during pregnancy in areas of unstable (epidemic-prone) transmission (UT) in sub-Saharan Africa. In cross-sectional studies, peripheral malaria parasitemia was identified in 10.4% of women attending antenatal care clinics at 1 stable transmission (ST) site and in 1.8% of women at 3 UT sites; parasitemia was associated with anemia in both ST (relative risk [RR], 2.0;) P < .001 and UT (RR, 4.4; P < .001) sites. Placental parasitemia was identified more frequently during deliveries at ST sites (12/185; 6.5%) than at UT sites (21/833; 2.5%;). Placental parasitemia was associated with low birth weight at the ST site (RR, 3.2; P = .01) and prematurity at ST (RR, 2.7; P = .04) and UT (RR, 3.9; P = .01) sites and with a 7-fold increased risk of stillbirths at UT sites. The effectiveness and efficiency in Ethiopia of standard preventive strategies used in high-transmission regions (such as intermittent preventive treatment) may require further evaluation; approaches such as insecticide-treated bednets and epidemic preparedness may be needed to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. C1 CDCP, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ethiopia Minist Hlth, Malaria & Other Vector Borne Dis Control Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), CDCP, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU012445] NR 28 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 11 BP 1765 EP 1772 DI 10.1086/374878 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 685TK UT WOS:000183279200011 PM 12751034 ER PT J AU Hunsperger, EA Wilcox, CL AF Hunsperger, EA Wilcox, CL TI Caspase-3-dependent reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in sensory neuronal cultures SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; caspase-3; dorsal root ganglion; HSV-1; latency ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; CASPASE ACTIVATION; BLOCKS APOPTOSIS; HEP-2 CELLS; RECEPTOR; DEATH; TRANSCRIPT; INFECTION; INVITRO AB Life-long latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is harbored in sensory neurons where sporadic reactivation occurs. Reactivation stimuli may involve activation of apoptotic signaling in the neuron. Previous experiments have demonstrated that reactivation of latent HSV-1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronal cultures occurred following nerve growth factor (NGF) deprivation. NGF deprivation stimulates apoptotic signaling by activating the proapoptotic proteolytic enzyme, caspase-3. When DRG neuronal cultures harboring latent HSV-1 were treated with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, NGF deprivation induced reactivation was significantly reduced. Interestingly, the caspase-3 inhibitor had no effect on productive HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, activation of caspase-3 with either C2-ceramide or a recombinant adenovirus expressing caspase-3 caused significant HSV-1 reactivation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hunsperger, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS29042] NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1080/13550280390201678 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 683XJ UT WOS:000183176100010 PM 12775421 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Kettel-Khan, L Ramakrishnan, U AF Cogswell, ME Kettel-Khan, L Ramakrishnan, U TI Iron supplement use among women in the United States: Science, policy and practice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron supplements; iron deficiency; adolescents; childbearing age; women ID CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP; DEFICIENCY AB The use of iron supplements is an accepted treatment for nonhereditary anemia. The use of iron supplements as prophylaxis is more controversial. We estimated the proportion of persons who consumed supplements that contain iron among the following groups: nonpregnant, nonlactating adolescents, aged 14-18 y (n = 992); women aged 19-50 y (n = 5,062); women aged 51 y and older (n = 3,593); pregnant women (n = 295); and lactating women (n = 97) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. We found that the proportion (% +/- SE) Of U.S. women consuming supplements containing iron in the previous month was 9 +/- 2% among nonpregnant, nonlactating adolescents; 23 +/- 1 % among women aged 19 y and older; 72 +/- 4% among pregnant women; and 60 +/- 8% among lactating women. Low income women were less likely to consume supplements containing iron. Minority women were less likely to consume supplements containing iron in all groups except adolescents. Among consumers of supplements that contain iron, the median intake of iron was 11 mg/d among nonpregnant adolescents, similar to17 mg/d among nonpregnant women, 58 mg/d among pregnant women and 57 mg/d among lactating women. Use of supplements that contain iron was associated with a significantly reduced prevalence of iron deficiency among women 19-50 y but not among other groups. Groups at highest risk of iron deficiency (e.g., low income and minority women) are often least likely to consume supplements containing iron, suggesting that supplement use is unrelated to actual need. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Ramakrishnan, Usha/L-8921-2016 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 34531] NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1974S EP 1977S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 687BP UT WOS:000183356200036 PM 12771348 ER PT J AU Looker, AC AF Looker, AC TI Interaction of science, consumer practices and policy: Calcium and bone health as a case study SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary calcium; bone; osteoporosis ID RECEPTOR-GENE POLYMORPHISMS; MINERAL DENSITY; ELDERLY WOMEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; FRACTURES; MASS; SUPPLEMENTATION; WITHDRAWAL; GIRLS; RATES AB Data to support a relationship between calcium and bone health are a major part of the body of evidence that underlie calcium-related policy in the United States. Examples of these policies include dietary intake recommendations, health claims for calcium and osteoporosis on food labels and an objective to improve calcium intake of the U.S. population in Healthy People 2010. Median calcium intakes among females fall below recommended levels after childhood even when supplemental calcium intakes are included. This is a concern in light of data that support a positive relationship between calcium and bone health. Most of the studies on the calcium-bone relationship have focused on older women, and several have used fracture as the endpoint; a meta-analysis of their results suggests that increased calcium intake is associated with similar to30% decrease in fracture risk. Studies in children, adolescents and premenopausal women have focused on the relationship between calcium and bone mineral density rather than fracture; most of these also support a positive relationship between calcium intake and skeletal health although some data gaps remain. Calcium appears to be a threshold nutrient (e.g., intakes above a certain level do not result in further benefit to bone). The effect of increased calcium intake on bone density does not appear to persist unless the higher intakes are sustained. There are certain conditions, such as lactation, during which calcium intake does not appear to influence bone. Other factors that may influence the effect of calcium on bone include bone-specific genotypes and physical activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1987S EP 1991S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 687BP UT WOS:000183356200039 PM 12771351 ER PT J AU Radimer, KL AF Radimer, KL TI National nutrition data: Contributions and challenges to monitoring dietary supplement use in women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary supplements; monitoring; measurement; NHANES; NHIS; CSFII ID MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN AB Survey data from three nationally representative surveys-the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Health Interview Survey and Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals-indicate that, in general, women are greater consumers of dietary supplements than men in terms of overall prevalence of use and number of supplements taken. However, monitoring dietary supplement use over time and aggregation or comparison of findings over different surveys is hampered by a lack of comparability between survey data collection and analysis. Differences exist in the types of dietary supplements queried, use of a referent time frame, specificity regarding the supplement taken and level of detail collected relating to personal usage. Some comparability in supplement data collection may be possible but some inconsistencies may persist because of differences in survey goals or collection procedures. Collection of data on dietary supplement use is challenging and collection of very detailed and precise data are time consuming and expensive. Consequently, the level of detail and precision necessary for monitoring, research, and policy uses is an issue that should be addressed in view of the high monetary and time costs of detailed dietary supplement data collection, as well as increased demands on survey respondent time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Radimer, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2003S EP 2007S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 687BP UT WOS:000183356200042 PM 12771354 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Lomax, G AF Schulte, PA Lomax, G TI Assessment of the scientific basis for genetic testing of railroad workers with carpal tunnel syndrome SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; HEREDITARY NEUROPATHY; PRESSURE PALSIES; CHROMOSOME 17P11.2; GENERAL-POPULATION; REPETITIVE WORK; ETHICAL ISSUES; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; LIABILITY AB In 2000, approximately 20 railroad track workers who filed injury reports or compensation claims for carpal tunnel syndrome were tested by their employer for two genetic traits to determine the work relatedness of the condition. The testing involved deletions, variants, or mutations in the genetic coding for peripheral myelin protein (PMP22) and transthyretin (TTR). This article is an assessment of whether there is a scientific basis for such testing. A review of the scientific literature indicated that neither the scientific basis nor the population validity of the PMP22 or TTR tests for carpal tunnel syndrome were adequately established before use on railroad track workers in 2000. Although ethical and legal issues may predominate in this case, the absence of a compelling scientific basis undermines the decision to conduct the tests. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 45 IS 6 BP 592 EP 600 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000071502.96740.2c PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 689YB UT WOS:000183519600003 PM 12802212 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JS Nace, D Williams, T Guarner, J Noland, GS Collins, WE AF Sullivan, JS Nace, D Williams, T Guarner, J Noland, GS Collins, WE TI The development of exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium inui shortti in new world monkeys SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAIMIRI MONKEYS; MALARIA PARASITE; SIMIAN MALARIA; AOTUS; TRANSMISSION; STRAIN; INFECTIONS; MOSQUITOS; OSMANIAE AB Attempts are being made to adapt Old World monkey malarial parasites to New World monkeys for vaccine and molecular studies. Several of these (Plasmodium cynoniolgi Berok, Plasmodium fragile, and Plasmodium knowlesi) grow readily but have failed to produce infective gametocytes. Plasmodium gonderi and Plasmodium fieldi develop in the liver after sporozoite inoculation but have failed to establish infection in the erythrocyte. Anopheles dirus mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium inui shortti by feeding on infected macaques transmitted the infection to Saimiri boliviensis monkeys. Infective gametocytes were produced. and sporozoite transmission from Saimiri to Saimiri monkey was obtained. Exoerythrocytic stages have also been observed in the liver tissue of Saimiri monkeys. The availability of the complete transmission cycle provides an additional resource for immunologic and vaccine studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 89 IS 3 BP 637 EP 639 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0637:TDOESO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 697QT UT WOS:000183955300042 PM 12880277 ER PT J AU Whitehead, NS Brogan, DJ Blackmore-Prince, C Hill, HA AF Whitehead, NS Brogan, DJ Blackmore-Prince, C Hill, HA TI Correlates of experiencing life events just before or during pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; psychosocial stress; life events ID GESTATIONAL-AGE; GROWTH-RETARDATION; MATERNAL STRESS; PRETERM BIRTH; ALCOHOL-USE; WOMEN; INTERVIEW; DELIVERY; SMOKING; RECORDS AB This study evaluates the prevalence of selected life events around the time of pregnancy, examining changes in the prevalence of these events, and identifying maternal characteristics associated with these events. We used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) to examine 18 stressful life events among women who recently gave birth and to identify maternal characteristics associated with these events. PRAMS is a mail sample survey with telephone follow-up for non-respondents. Sixty-four percent of women experienced at least one event. The prevalence of specific events ranged from 0.4 to 30%. Women who experienced events differed from those who did not. Most notably, women of low socioeconomic status (SES) were much more likely to experience stressful life events. These events were also associated with other demographic and behavioral characteristics after controlling for SES. These results have implications for interpreting studies of stressful life events. The strong associations with SES highlight the importance of controlling for SES in studies of life events and health, and of considering differences in SES when interpreting these studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Whitehead, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI LANCASTER PA RICHMOND HOUSE, WHITE CROSS, SOUTH ROAD, LANCASTER LA1 4XQ, ENGLAND SN 0167-482X J9 J PSYCHOSOM OBST GYN JI J. Psychosomat. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.3109/01674820309042805 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Psychiatry GA 698ND UT WOS:000184004900003 PM 12854392 ER PT J AU Beltran-Aguilar, ED Malvitz, DM Lockwood, SA Rozier, RG Tomar, SL AF Beltran-Aguilar, ED Malvitz, DM Lockwood, SA Rozier, RG Tomar, SL TI Oral health surveillance: Past, present,. and future challenges SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE disease surveillance systems; oral health status; screenings; visual-tactile surveys ID UNITED-STATES; NONRESPONSE BIAS; DENTAL-CARIES; DENTITION; TRENDS; AMERICANS; PROGRAM; DISEASE AB We reviewed and summarized the efforts in the United States to collect data on oral diseases, conditions, and behaviors implemented at the national and state level. The main characteristics of these efforts were: (1) systematic collection of data from representative samples, mostly at the national level; (2) one-time or sporadic experiences when data are collected at state and local levels; (3) use of visual-tactile protocols implemented at the tooth-surface or tooth-site level for data collection; (4) focus mainly on dental caries and periodontal diseases; and (5) leap-time from data collection to publication of results. Using the definition of surveillance in public health (the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data for use in planning, implementing, and evaluating public health practice), we show there is an impending need to develop new techniques to build up surveillance systems for oral diseases, conditions, and behaviors at the national, state, and local levels. In the second part of this review, we presented a number of alternative techniques developed in the last 10 years to collect timely data for oral health. The main characteristics of these efforts include: (1) focusing on data collection at state and local level; (2) integration into existing and ongoing surveillance systems; (3) using visual-only protocols to collect data on oral disease status; (4) focusing on a variety of diseases, conditions, and behaviors; and (5) analyzing the data in a timely matter. Many of these efforts have been integrated into the National Oral Health Surveillance System, which has developed eight indicators in response to national health objectives. Finally, we envision the future of visual-tactile protocols in data collection of representative samples to monitor oral health status at the national level and as a research tool. At the state and local level, however, we envision an integrated system of data collection as a constantly evolving process as new techniques are developed in response to new demands. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Beltran-Aguilar, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 91 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2003.tb03492.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716JU UT WOS:000185025700002 PM 12962467 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Dye, BA Hayes, K AF Vargas, CM Dye, BA Hayes, K TI Oral health care utilization by US rural residents, National Health Interview Survey 1999 SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE NHIS; rural; urban; oral health; dental care utilization AB Objective: To compare the dental care utilization practices of rural and. urban residents in the United States. Methods: Data on dental care utilization from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey for persons 2 years of age and older (n=42,139) were analyzed by rural/urban status.. Percentages and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated to produce national estimates for having had a visit in the past year, the number of visits, reasons given for last dental visit and for not visiting a dentist, unmet dental needs, and private dental insurance. Results: Rural residents were more likely to report that their last dental visit was because something was "bothering or hurting" (23.3% vs 17.6%) and that they had unmet dental needs (10.1% vs 7.5%). Urban residents were more likely to report having a dental visit in the past year (57.7% vs 66.5%) and having private dental insurance (32.7% vs 37.2%), compared to rural residents. There were no significant differences in most reasons given for not visiting the dentist between rural and urban respondents. Conclusion: Dental care utilization characteristics differ between rural and urban residents in the United States, with rural residents tending to underutilize dental care. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Pediat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vargas, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Pediat Dent, 666 W Baltimore St,Room 3-E-11, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2003.tb03493.x PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716JU UT WOS:000185025700003 PM 12962468 ER PT J AU Macek, MD Beltran-Aguilar, ED Lockwood, SA Malvitz, DM AF Macek, MD Beltran-Aguilar, ED Lockwood, SA Malvitz, DM TI Updated comparison of the caries susceptibility of various morphological types of permanent teeth SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE dental caries; children; health surveys; NHANES III; United States ID DENTAL-CARIES; TOOTH SURFACES; UNITED-STATES; NHANES-III; CHILDREN; SEALANTS; ADOLESCENTS; HEALTH AB In 1941, Klein and Palmer published a landmark study that ranked the relative susceptibility to dental caries of various morphological tooth types. Specifically, Klein and Palmer used-a four-step approach, which included derivation of., (1) an eruption schedule; (2) posteruptive tooth age; (3) cumulative number of decayed, missing, and-filled teeth and cumulative posteruptive tooth age; and (4) relative susceptibility values. Their study was conducted when dental caries prevalence and severity were generally high in the United States, prior to the introduction of preventive measures such as fluoride and dental sealants. This investigation used more recent data to assess whether declines in dental caries prevalence over time have been accompanied by changes in the relative susceptibility of permanent tooth types. Methods: The data source for this investigation was the oral examination component of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This investigation used analytical methods to derive the relative susceptibility values that were identical with those used during the Klein and Palmer study. Full sample weights were used with SUDAAN so that the descriptive estimates would be representative of the US population. Analysis was limited to children aged 4 through 20 years. Results: The investigation found six categories of Susceptibility, with molars being more susceptible than incisors, canines, or premolars. In general, susceptibility values declined since the Klein and Palmer study, providing additional evidence for a caries decline in the United States. First and second molar susceptibility values from the NHANES III data, however, intersected with those of Klein and Palmer, suggesting that factors specific to the molars, such as the selective use of dental sealants on these teeth, might be playing an additional role. Conclusions: Future research should explore factors that might explain the changes in relative susceptibility values over time. C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Care Delivery, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. CDC, NCCDPHP, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Macek, MD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Care Delivery, 666 W Baltimore St,Room 3-E-02, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU PHS HHS [99IPA06631] NR 35 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2003.tb03496.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716JU UT WOS:000185025700006 PM 12962471 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Branche, CM Gilchrist, J Goodman, RA Kelling, EP AF Thacker, SB Stroup, DF Branche, CM Gilchrist, J Goodman, RA Kelling, EP TI Prevention of knee injuries in sports - A systematic review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS LA English DT Review DE knee injuries, prevention and control; knee injuries, epidemiology; anterior cruciate ligament; meta-analysis ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; HIGH-SCHOOL FOOTBALL; INTERCONDYLAR NOTCH WIDTH; EUROPEAN TEAM HANDBALL; JOINT-POSITION SENSE; BASKETBALL PLAYERS; PLAYING SURFACES; LOWER-EXTREMITY; SOCCER INJURIES; SKIING INJURIES AB Aim. We reviewed evidence regarding risk factors associated with incidence of knee injuries both to assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies, and to offer evidence-based recommendations to physicians, coaches, trainers, athletes, and researchers. Methods. We searched electronic data bases without language restriction for the years 1966 - September 1, 2001, identified citations from reference sections of research papers retrieved, contacted experts in the field, and searched the Cochrane Collaboration. Of the 328 citations identified, we emphasized the results from the 13 reports that compared alternative methods to prevent knee injury and assessed the methodologic quality of these reports using a standardized instrument. Results. Five studies addressed the effectiveness of bracing in football players; these studies showed no consistent evidence of benefit. Two studies comparing alternative cleat designs and a controlled study testing the effects of adjustments in the ski boot/binding system were difficult to interpret because of inadequate reporting of methodology. Six prospective studies that addressed the impact of conditioning and training showed promise of proprioception and neuromuscular training for protection against knee injury. We identified serious flaws in study design, control of bias, and statistical methods; the median quality scores ranged from 11 to 56 (out of 100). Conclusion. Structured training programs that emphasize neuromuscular and proprioceptive training offer encouraging evidence for the prevention of knee injuries. However, flaws in study design and implementation have limited the effectiveness of work in this field. A rigorously implemented research program is needed to address this critically important sports medicine problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Financial Management Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 197 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 24 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0022-4707 J9 J SPORT MED PHYS FIT JI J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 165 EP 179 PG 15 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 700VZ UT WOS:000184133000006 PM 12853898 ER PT J AU Aspen, S Crabtree, MB Savage, HM AF Aspen, S Crabtree, MB Savage, HM TI Polymerase chain reaction assay identifies Culex nigripalpus: Part of an assay for molecular identification of the common Culex (Culex) mosquitoes of the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culex (Culex); Culex nigripalpus; internal transcribed spacers; ribosomal DNA; molecular species identification ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; RIBOSOMAL DNA SPACERS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SEQUENCE VARIATION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB Nucleotide sequence information on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 2 regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA multigene family was used to develop a polymerase chain reaction assay that identifies Culex nigripalpus Theobald. The assay uses species-specific forward and reverse primers for Cx. nigripalpus and can be used along with previously described primers to distinguish among 4 common taxa of Culex (Culex) of the eastern USA with a single thermal cycler program. The assay distinguishes among the 4 taxa Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. restuans Theobald, Cx. salinarius Coquillett, and members of the Cx. pipiens Linnaeus complex. This assay may be used to verify the morphological identification of individual specimens of Culex or to confirm the species composition of mosquito pools. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Aspen, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 693LZ UT WOS:000183720200002 PM 12825660 ER PT J AU Broome, CV Horton, HH Tress, D Lucido, SJ Koo, D AF Broome, CV Horton, HH Tress, D Lucido, SJ Koo, D TI Statutory basis for public health reporting beyond specific diseases SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Syndromic Surveillance Conference CY SEP 23-24, 2002 CL NEW YORK ACAD MED, NEW YORK, NEW YORK HO NEW YORK ACAD MED DE HIPAA public health provisions; public health surveillance; statutory authority AB Statutory authority for public health surveillance is necessarily broad as previously uncharacterized diseases are regularly discovered. This article provides specific information about general disease reporting provisions in each state. The intent of these reporting laws and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule is to support this critical disease surveillance function for the benefit of the entire population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC USA. RP Broome, CV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 SU 1 BP I14 EP I22 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 690QR UT WOS:000183560800004 PM 12791774 ER PT J AU Das, D Weiss, D Mostashari, F Treadwell, T McQuiston, J Hutwagner, L Karpati, A Bornschlegel, K Seeman, M Turcios, R Terebuh, P Curtis, R Heffernan, R Balter, S AF Das, D Weiss, D Mostashari, F Treadwell, T McQuiston, J Hutwagner, L Karpati, A Bornschlegel, K Seeman, M Turcios, R Terebuh, P Curtis, R Heffernan, R Balter, S TI Enhanced drop-in syndromic surveillance in New York City following September 11, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Syndromic Surveillance Conference CY SEP 23-24, 2002 CL NEW YORK ACAD MED, NEW YORK, NEW YORK HO NEW YORK ACAD MED ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON AB After the 2001 World Trade Center disaster, the New York City Department of Health was under heightened alert for bioterrorist attacks in the city. An emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance system was implemented with the assistance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to ensure early recognition of an increase or clustering of disease syndromes that might represent a disease outbreak, whether natural or intentional. The surveillance system was based on data collected 7 days a week at area EDs. Data collected were translated into syndromes, entered into an electronic database, and analyzed for aberrations in space and time within 24 hours. From September 14-27, personnel were stationed at 15 EDS on a 24-hour basis (first staffing period); from September 29-October 12, due to resource limitations, personnel were stationed at 12 EDs on an 18-hour basis (second staffing period). A standardized form was used to obtain demographic information and classify each patient visit into 12 syndrome categories. Seven of these represented early manifestations of bioterrorist agents. Data transfer and analysis for time and space clustering (alarms) by syndrome and age occurred daily. Retrospective analyses examined syndrome trends, differences in reporting between staffing periods, and the staffs experience during the project. A total of 67,536 reports were received. The system captured 83.9% of patient visits during the first staffing period, and 60.8% during the second staffing period (P < .01). Five syndromes each accounted for more than 1% of visits: trauma, asthma, gastrointestinal illness, upper/lower respiratory infection with fever, and anxiety. Citywide temporal alarms occurred eight times for three of the major bioterrorism-related syndromes. Spatial clustering alarms occurred 16 times by hospital location and 9 times by ZIP code for the same three syndromes. No outbreaks were detected. On-site staffing to facilitate data collection and entry, supported by daily analysis of ED visits, is a feasible short-term approach to syndromic surveillance during high-profile events. The resources required to operate such a system, however, cannot be sustained for the long term. This system was changed to an electronic-based ED syndromic system using triage log data that remains in operation. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Das, D (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, 125 Worth St,Room 318,CN22A, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 SU 1 BP I76 EP I88 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 690QR UT WOS:000183560800012 PM 12791782 ER PT J AU Hutwagner, L Thompson, W Seeman, GM Treadwell, T AF Hutwagner, L Thompson, W Seeman, GM Treadwell, T TI The bioterrorism preparedness and response Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Syndromic Surveillance Conference CY SEP 23-24, 2002 CL NEW YORK ACAD MED, NEW YORK, NEW YORK HO NEW YORK ACAD MED DE aberration detection; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CUSUM ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; ALGORITHM; OUTBREAKS; DISEASES AB Data from public health surveillance systems can provide meaningful measures of population risks for disease, disability, and death. Analysis and evaluation of these surveillance data help public health practitioners react to important health events in a timely manner both locally and nationally. Aberration detection methods allow the rapid assessment of changes in frequencies and rates of different health outcomes and the characterization of unusual trends or clusters. The Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention allows the analysis of public health surveillance data using available aberration detection methods. The primary purpose of EARS is to provide national, state, and local health departments with several alternative aberration detection methods. EARS helps assist local and state health officials to focus limited resources on appropriate activities during epidemiological investigations of important public health events. Finally, EARS allows end users to select validated aberration detection methods and modify sensitivity and specificity thresholds to values considered to be of public health importance by local and state health departments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis Bioterrorism Preparedness & R, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hutwagner, L (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 SU 1 BP I89 EP I96 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 690QR UT WOS:000183560800013 PM 12791783 ER PT J AU Sosin, DM AF Sosin, DM TI Draft framework for evaluating syndromic surveillance systems SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Syndromic Surveillance Conference CY SEP 23-24, 2002 CL NEW YORK ACAD MED, NEW YORK, NEW YORK HO NEW YORK ACAD MED DE evaluation; nontraditional surveillance; syndromic surveillance AB Interest in public health surveillance to detect outbreaks from terrorism is driving the exploration of nontraditional data sources and development of new performance priorities for surveillance systems. A draft framework for evaluating syndromic surveillance systems will help researchers and public health practitioners working on nontraditional surveillance to review their work in a systematic way and communicate their efforts. The framework will also guide public health practitioners in their efforts to compare and contrast aspects of syndromic surveillance systems and decide whether and bow to develop and maintain such systems. In addition, a common framework will allow the identification and prioritization of research and evaluation needs. The evaluation framework is comprised of five components: a thorough description of the system (e.g., purpose, stakeholders, bow the system works); system performance experience (e.g., usefulness, acceptability to stakeholders, generalizability to other settings, operating stability, costs); capacity for outbreak detection (e.g., flexibility to adapt to changing risks and data inputs, sensitivity to detect outbreaks, predictive value of system alarms for true outbreaks, timeliness of detection); assessment of data quality (e.g., representativeness of the population covered by the system, completeness of data capture, reliability of data captured over time); and conclusions and recommendations. The draft framework is intended to evolve into guidance to support public health practice for terrorism preparedness and outbreak detection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sosin, DM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 SU 1 BP I8 EP I13 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 690QR UT WOS:000183560800003 PM 12791773 ER PT J AU Walsh, DA Murphy, FA Osburn, BI King, L Kelly, AM AF Walsh, DA Murphy, FA Osburn, BI King, L Kelly, AM TI Executive summary SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on An Agenda for Action: Veterinary Medicines Role in Biodefense and Public Health CY NOV 01-03, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Walsh, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.3138/jvme.30.2.92 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 704WE UT WOS:000184363200003 PM 12970849 ER PT J AU Pappaioanou, M AF Pappaioanou, M TI Veterinarians in global public health SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on An Agenda for Action: Veterinary Medicines Role in Biodefense and Public Health CY NOV 01-03, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; EMERGENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pappaioanou, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.3138/jvme.30.2.105 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 704WE UT WOS:000184363200005 PM 12970851 ER PT J AU Baker, J Blackwell, M Buss, D Eyre, P Held, JR Ogilvie, T Pappaioanou, M Sawyer, L AF Baker, J Blackwell, M Buss, D Eyre, P Held, JR Ogilvie, T Pappaioanou, M Sawyer, L TI Strategies for educational action to meet veterinary medicine's role in biodefense and public health SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on An Agenda for Action: Veterinary Medicines Role in Biodefense and Public Health CY NOV 01-03, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. AB It is clear that the profession is not well prepared to respond to society's needs in biodefense and public health. The imperatives that face the veterinary profession, as emphasized by the Agenda for Action Conference deliberations that are reported in this issue of the journal, require action on many fronts, but possibly none more essential than to address how veterinary education needs to change to meet these challenges. Addressing these needs, participants at the Agenda for Action conference met in groups of 30 to 50 to shape approaches that would address these key questions. The 161 participants were broadly representative of government, private practice, corporate practice, organized veterinary medicine, and academia (Appendix A). Reported here are the results of those deliberations, with each of the seven sections written up by the discussion leader. Included in the participants were 20 students, representative of eight different veterinary colleges, who both participated in the group discussions and have presented their own report.(1) C1 Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Sch Vet Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Vet Med, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. VA MD Reg Coll, Coll Vet Med, Sch Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Prince Edward Isl, Coll Vet Med, Sch Vet Med, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US PHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Clin Trials & Invest Program, Enter & Hepat Dis Branch, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Baker, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Sch Vet Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 1 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.3138/jvme.30.2.164 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 704WE UT WOS:000184363200020 PM 12970866 ER PT J AU Robbins, KE Lemey, P Pybus, OG Jaffe, HW Youngpairoj, AS Brown, TM Salemi, M Vandamme, AM Kalish, ML AF Robbins, KE Lemey, P Pybus, OG Jaffe, HW Youngpairoj, AS Brown, TM Salemi, M Vandamme, AM Kalish, ML TI US human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic: Date of origin, population history, and characterization of early strains SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; HIV-1; AIDS; SEQUENCES; SURVEILLANCE; SUBSTITUTION AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 subtype B sequences (whole envelope and the p17 region of gag) were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples collected in 1981 from seven HIV-infected U.S. individuals and in 1982 from one infected Canadian resident. Phylogenetic and nucleotide distance analyses were performed by using database sequences representing North American strains collected from 1978 to 1995. The estimated phylogeny was starlike, with early strains represented on different lineages. When sequences were grouped by years of collection, nucleotide distance comparisons demonstrated an increase in diversity over time and indicated that contemporary strains are more closely related to early epidemic strains than to each other. Using a recently developed likelihood ratio reduction procedure, the date of origin of the U.S. epidemic was estimated to be 1968 +/- 1.4 years. A coalescent approach was also used to estimate the population history of the U.S. subtype B epidemic. Our analyses provide new information that implies an exponential growth rate from the beginning of the U.S. HIV epidemic. The dating results suggest a U.S. introduction date (or date of divergence from the most recent common ancestor) that precedes the date of the earliest known AIDS cases in the late 1970s. Furthermore, the estimated epidemic growth curve shows a period of exponential growth that preceded most of the early documented cases and also indicates a leveling of prevalence rates in the recent past. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Robbins, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KRobbins@cdc.gov RI pybus, oliver/B-2640-2012; Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012; OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766; Pybus, Oliver/0000-0002-8797-2667 NR 44 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 11 BP 6359 EP 6366 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.11.6359-6366.2003 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 679NL UT WOS:000182928800028 PM 12743293 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA Dakhama, A Jones, LP Barskey, A Gelfand, EW Anderson, LJ AF Tripp, RA Dakhama, A Jones, LP Barskey, A Gelfand, EW Anderson, LJ TI The G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus depresses respiratory rates through the CX3C motif and substance P SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRWAY SMOOTH-MUSCLE; BALB/C MICE; INFECTION; CHEMOKINE; INFLAMMATION; FRACTALKINE; DISEASE; EXPRESSION; NEURONS; PROTEIN AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the neonate can alter respiratory rates, i.e., lead to episodes of apnea. We show that RSV G glycoprotein reduces respiratory rates associated with the induction of substance P (SP) and G glycoprotein-CX3CR1 interaction, an effect that is inhibited by treatment with anti-G glycoprotein, anti-SP, or anti-CX3CR1 monoclonal antibodies. These, data suggest new approaches for treating some aspects of RSV disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80206 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-36577, P01 HL036577, HL-60015] NR 47 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 11 BP 6580 EP 6584 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.11.6580-6584.2003 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 679NL UT WOS:000182928800053 PM 12743318 ER PT J AU Wilson, HR AF Wilson, HR TI Hepatitis B and you: A patient education resource for pregnant women and new mothers SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB An educational tool, Hepatitis B and You, has been designed to encourage women who test positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy to become active participants in the care required to prevent perinatal HBV transmission to their infants. Hepatitis B and You presents information at a sixth-grade reading level and uses educational strategies that are known to work with people who have low literacy skills. Preliminary evaluation shows that 86% of respondents reported that their knowledge about hepatitis B improved after reading the slide set, 85% that the information was helpful, and 95% that the format was easy to follow. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wilson, HR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 5 BP 437 EP 441 DI 10.1089/154099903766651559 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 696NU UT WOS:000183893600001 PM 12869290 ER PT J AU Perich, MJ Kardec, A Braga, IA Portal, IF Burge, R Zeichner, BC Brogdon, WA Wirtz, RA AF Perich, MJ Kardec, A Braga, IA Portal, IF Burge, R Zeichner, BC Brogdon, WA Wirtz, RA TI Field evaluation of a lethal ovitrap against dengue vectors in Brazil SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; container breeding; dengue vectors; lethal ovitrap; mosquito control; pupa survey; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil ID AEDES-AEGYPTI AB Field evaluation of a 'lethal ovitrap' (LO) to control dengue vector Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), was undertaken in two Brazilian municipalities, Areia Branca and Nilopolis, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The LO is designed to kill Aedes via an insecticide-treated ovistrip (impregnated with deltamethrin). In each municipality, the intervention was applied to a group of 30 houses (10 LOs/house) and compared to 30 houses without LOs in the same neighbourhood. Five LOs were put outside and five LOs inside each treated house. Three methods of monitoring Aedes density were employed: (i) percentage of containers positive for larvae and/or pupae; (ii) total pupae/house; (iii) total adult females/house collected by aspirator indoors. Weekly mosquito surveys began during the month before LO placement, by sampling from different groups of 10 houses/week for 3 weeks pre-intervention (i.e. 30 houses/month) and for 3 months post-intervention in both treated and untreated areas. Prior to LO placement at the end of February 2001, Aedes aegypti (L) densities were similar among houses scheduled for LO treatment and comparison (untreated control) at each municipality. Very few Ae. albopictus (Skuse) were found and this species was excluded from the assessment. Post-intervention densities of Ae. aegypti were significantly reduced for most comparators (P < 0.01), as shown by fewer positive containers (4-5 vs. 10-18) and pupae/house (0.3-0.7 vs. 8-10) at LO-treated vs. untreated houses, 3 months post-treatment at both municipalities. Numbers of adult Ae. aegypti females indoors were consistently reduced in LO-treated houses at Areia Branca (3.6 vs. 6.8/house 3 months post-intervention) but not at Niloplis (&SIM;3/house, attributed to immigration). These results demonstrate sustained impact of LOs on dengue vector population densities in housing conditions of Brazilian municipalities. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Fundacao Nacl Saude, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fundacao Nacl Saude, Brasilia, Brazil. USA, Med Res Unit, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perich, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 17 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2003.00427.x PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 692CB UT WOS:000183641800011 PM 12823838 ER PT J AU Sugiura, Y Sugita-Konishi, Y Kumagai, S Reiss, E AF Sugiura, Y Sugita-Konishi, Y Kumagai, S Reiss, E TI Experimental murine hyalohyphomycosis with soil-derived isolates of Fusarium solani SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental hyalohyphomycosis; Fusarium solani; SCID; torticollis ID MODEL; INFECTIONS; PATIENT AB Two strains of soil-borne Fusarium solani, both characterized for their ability to produce cyclosporin A and C, were examined for their pathogenicity in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and BALB/c male mice. Intravenous (i.v.) infections with E solani conidia were performed. No mortality was observed after infection with 0.3-1.6x10(7) cfu per mouse in SCID and BALB/c mice. When mice were infected with 0.8-1.5x10(6) cfu per mouse and 2 days later with 1.2-1.9x10(6) cfu per mouse, 28.6-85.7% survival occurred over a 25-day period, depending on the F solani strain and the inbred mouse line used. Death was preceded by renal insufficiency affecting both kidneys. Furthermore, i.v. injection with heat-killed conidia followed 2 days later by injecting viable conidia resulted in renal infection in both breeds of mice. F solani isolated from infected organs was more virulent than the original isolate, and 3/8 (37.5%) of BALB/c and 4/7 (57.1%) of SCID mice died after receiving a single dose. Dissemination to the brain was found only in SCID mice, but torticollis was observed in both mouse breeds. Soil-borne F solani isolates possess poor pathogenic potential for mice, but either two successive infective doses or a primary injection with heat-killed conidia followed by a single infective dose breaks through host defenses in normal and immunoincompetent mice. Mouse passage increased the pathogenicity of two soil-derived F solani strains. C1 Kobe Inst Hlth, Dept Food Chem, Chuo Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500046, Japan. Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Microbiol, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sugiura, Y (reprint author), Kobe Inst Hlth, Dept Food Chem, Chuo Ku, 4-6 Minatojima Nakamachi, Kobe, Hyogo 6500046, Japan. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1080/13693780310001597377 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 721MP UT WOS:000185320400008 PM 12964716 ER PT J AU Costa, J Almeida, CE Dotson, EM Lins, A Vinhaes, M Silveira, AC Ben Beard, C AF Costa, J Almeida, CE Dotson, EM Lins, A Vinhaes, M Silveira, AC Ben Beard, C TI The epidemiologic importance of Triatoma brasiliensis as a Chagas disease vector in Brazil: a revision of domiciliary captures during 1993-1999 SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg DE Triatoma brasiliensis; distribution; capture index; natural infection; Brazil ID REDUVIIDAE; HEMIPTERA; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; INFECTION AB To clarify the epidemiologic importance of Triatoma brasiliensis, the most important Chagas disease vector ill the Northeastern of Brazil, capture data related to this species, its distribution, capture index, and percentages of natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi were examined in 12 different states. The Brazilian National Health Foundation collected these data front 1993 to 1999, a period during which a total of 1,591,280 triatomines (21 species) were captured ill domiciles within the geographic range of T. brasiliensis. Of this total, 422,965 (26.6%) were T. brasiliensis, 99.8% of which were collected in six states, and 54% ill only one state (Ceara). The percentage of bugs infected with T. cruzi varied significantly among states, ranging from 0% (Goias, Maranhao, Sergipe, and Tocantins) to more than 3% (Alagoas, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Norte) with all average of 1.3%. This latter value represents a dramatic reduction in the natural infection percentages since 1983 (6.7%) suggesting that, despite the impossibility of eradicating this native species, the control measures have significantly reduced the risk of transmission. However the wide geographic distribution of T. brasiliensis, its high incidence observed ill some states, and its variable percentages of natural infection by T. cruzi indicate the need,for sustained entomological surveillance and continuous control measures against this vector. C1 EID, APHL, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UBM, Barra Mansa, RJ, Brazil. Funasa, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Brazilian Off, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Costa, J (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Entomol, Colecao Entomol, Av Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Almeida, Carlos Eduardo/E-7983-2014; Costa, Jane /K-6997-2012 NR 22 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD JUN PY 2003 VL 98 IS 4 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1590/S0074-02762003000400002 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 698HN UT WOS:000183993100002 PM 12937751 ER PT J AU Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Preisser, JS Bernert, JT Norton, D Wang, J AF Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Preisser, JS Bernert, JT Norton, D Wang, J TI High levels of transdermal nicotine exposure produce green tobacco sickness in Latino farmworkers SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSORPTION; WORKERS; HARVESTERS; COTININE; NONSMOKERS; SMOKERS; SERUM AB Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is an occupational illness that affects tobacco workers worldwide. This study tested whether GTS results from nicotine poisoning. Data collection was based on a prospective design in which 182 farmworkers were interviewed up to five times at biweekly intervals. A saliva sample was obtained at each interview. Examining four regression models in which salivary cotinine was evaluated as a mediator between behavioral risk factors and GTS, this analysis showed that nicotine causes GTS: 25 workers had 31 occurrences of GTS. Among nonsmokers, each increment increase in the natural log of cotinine increased the odds of GTS 2.11 times, adjusting for task and wet conditions. Treatment of GTS must address nicotine poisoning. GTS affects laborers with limited resources. Research must disclose the extent of this occupational illness and investigate ways to prevent it. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco Exposure Biomarkers Lab, Air toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Cty Human Serv, Womens Hlth Clin, N Carolina Farmworker Hlth Program, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Arcury, TA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01 0H03648] NR 27 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1080/1462220031000094132 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716HE UT WOS:000185022100004 PM 12791526 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL Beeson, MD Johnson, DR McCraw, JM Richter, P Pirkle, JL Pechacek, TF Song, SQ Watson, CH AF Ashley, DL Beeson, MD Johnson, DR McCraw, JM Richter, P Pirkle, JL Pechacek, TF Song, SQ Watson, CH TI Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco from US brand and non-US brand cigarettes SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID N-NITROSAMINES; CARCINOGEN 4-(METHYLNITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE; MAINSTREAM SMOKE; TAR; BIOCHEMISTRY; NICOTINE; CANCER; SNUFF AB Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are one of the major classes of carcinogens found in tobacco products. As part of collaborative efforts to reduce tobacco use and resulting disease, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) carried out a two-phase investigation into the worldwide variation of the levels of TSNAs in cigarette tobacco. In the first phase, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO) purchased cigarettes; scientists from the CDC subsequently measured the levels of TSNAs in tobacco from 21 different countries. Although the data collected from this initial survey suggested that globally marketed U.S.-brand cigarettes typically had higher TSNA levels than locally popular non-U.S. cigarettes in many countries, the number of samples limited the statistical power of the study. To improve statistical power and to ensure adequate sampling, the CDC conducted a second survey of 14 countries. In addition to the United States, the CDC selected the world's 10 most populous countries and three additional countries, so that at least two countries from each of the six WHO regions were represented. For each country, the CDC compared 15 packs of Marlboro cigarettes, which is the world's most popular brand of cigarettes, with 15 packs of a locally popular non-U.S. brand in the study country. Marlboro cigarettes purchased in 11/13 foreign countries had significantly higher tobacco TSNA levels than the locally popular non-U.S. brands purchased in the same country. The findings suggest that TSNA levels in tobacco can be substantially reduced in some cigarettes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ashley, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1080/1462220031000095311 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716HE UT WOS:000185022100005 PM 12791527 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Mulinare, J Ford, ES Schwartz, J AF Mannino, DM Mulinare, J Ford, ES Schwartz, J TI Tobacco smoke exposure and decreased serum and red blood cell folate levels: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; RISK; PREVENTION; VITAMIN-B-12; HOMOCYSTEINE AB The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the effects of smoke exposure on serum and red blood cell folate levels. Data coflected as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Serum and red blood cell folate levels were measured in active smokers and nonsmokers with high, moderate, and low exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. After adjusting for dietary intake of folate and other covariates, we found that both smokers and nonsmokers with high smoke exposure had lower red blood cell folate levels than did nonsmokers with low smoke exposure (-86 nmol/l [95% confidence interval, CI, - 101 to -71 nmol/l] for smokers; - 50 nmol/l [95% CI - 69 to - 31 nmol/l] for nonsmokers with high smoke exposure, compared with nonsmokers with low smoke exposure). Similarly, after adjustment of dietary intake of folate and other covariates, the log serum folate level also was decreased (-0.29 log nmol/l [95% CI -0.33 to -0.25 log nmol/l] for smokers; -0.16 log nmol/l [95% CI -0.20 to -0.12 log nmol/l] for nonsmokers with high smoke exposure, compared with nonsmokers with low smoke exposure). Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with decreased folate levels, which may be a mechanism for some of the health effects of active and passive smoking. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 34 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1080/1462220031000094330 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716HE UT WOS:000185022100009 PM 12791531 ER PT J AU Peng, MM Wilson, ML Holland, RE Meshnick, SR Lal, AA Xiao, L AF Peng, MM Wilson, ML Holland, RE Meshnick, SR Lal, AA Xiao, L TI Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Michigan: implications for understanding the transmission dynamics SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER; PARVUM OOCYSTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; GIARDIA; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION AB Epidemiological and molecular data on 248 bovine, 17 human, and 16 water samples of Cryptosporidium spp. collected from the lower peninsula of Michigan between 1997 and 2000 were analysed. Cryptosporidium parvum bovine genotype and Cryptosporidium andersoni were found in 56 and four cattle samples, respectively. A total of six C. parvum subgenotypes were found in 34 bovine samples, and five of the eight farms had two or three subgenotypes in cattle. Six water samples from these farms had C. andersoni, five had the C. parvum bovine genotype, and one had Cryptosporidium muris. In contrast, four PCR-positive human samples produced the C. parvum bovine genotype and two had the C. parvum human genotype. Among the C. parvum bovine genotype samples, two human samples and one water sample had subgenotypes identical to those found on cattle farms. The results of this study demonstrate the potential use of molecular methods in tracking the transmission of Cryptosporidium. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Xiao, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 28 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 90 IS 3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s00436-003-0834-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 688RC UT WOS:000183448900001 PM 12783304 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Shay, DK Curns, AT Lingappa, JR Anderson, LJ AF Holman, RC Shay, DK Curns, AT Lingappa, JR Anderson, LJ TI Risk factors for bronchiolitis-associated deaths among infants in the United States SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bronchiolitis; respiratory syncytial virus; infants; mortality; epidemiology; linked birth/infant death ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN; TRACT ILLNESS; MATERNAL IMMUNIZATION; US CHILDREN; 1ST YEAR; INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATIONS; ANTIBODY; LIFE AB Background. Risk factors for bronchiolitis deaths have not been described on a national level. We examined the epidemiology of and identified risk factors for bronchiolitis-associated deaths among infants in the United States. Methods. Multiple cause-of-death and linked birth/infant death data for 1996 through 1998 were used to examine bronchiolitis-associated infant deaths. Risk factors were assessed by comparing infants who died with bronchiolitis and surviving infants. Results. During 1996 through 1998 there were 229 bronchiolitis infant deaths, resulting in an average annual infant mortality rate of 2.0 per 100 000 live births. The majority (55%) of infant deaths occurred among infants ages 1 through 3 months. The bronchiolitis mortality rate was highest among infants weighing < 1500 g at birth (VLBW) as compared with infants weighing 1500 to 2499 g (LBW) and :2500 g at birth (29.8,6.4 and 1.3 per 100 000 live births, respectively). Sixty-three percent of bronchiolitis deaths were among infants weighing greater than or equal to2500 g. VLBW and LBW infants remained at an increased risk of dying with bronchiolitis after controlling for other risk factors. Other risk factors included increasing birth order, low 5-min Apgar score, young maternal age, unmarried mother and tobacco use during pregnancy. Conclusions. VLBW and LBW infants are at increased risk of dying with bronchiolitis, even when taking into account other risk factors. Although infants weighing <2500 g at birth are at increased risk for dying with bronchiolitis, the majority of bronchiolitis deaths occur among infants of normal birth weight. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 54 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1097/00006454-200306000-00001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 692YQ UT WOS:000183688200001 PM 12799502 ER PT J AU Singleton, R Dooley, L Bruden, D Raelson, S Butler, JC AF Singleton, R Dooley, L Bruden, D Raelson, S Butler, JC TI Impact of palivizumab prophylaxis on respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in high risk Alaska Native infants SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE respiratory syncytial virus; palivizumab; Alaska Natives ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; VIRAL-INFECTION; PRETERM INFANTS; US CHILDREN; BRONCHIECTASIS; PREVENTION; DISEASE; REHOSPITALIZATION; VACCINES; UPDATE AB Background. Alaska Native children experience extremely high rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We evaluated the effect of palivizumab prophylaxis on the incidence of RSV hospitalizations in high risk Alaska Native children. Methods. We analyzed two retrospective cohorts. The first analysis, of southwest Alaska Native children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during 1993 to 1996 and 1998 to 2001, compared RSV hospitalization rates among premature and nonpremature infants born before (1993 to 1996) and after (1998 to 2001) palivizumab use. The second analysis, of Alaska Native infants with a history of prematurity or lung disease during 1998 through 2001, compared RSV hospitalization among children receiving palivizumab during protected periods (within 32 days after a dose of palivizumab) and unprotected periods. Results. First RSV hospitalizations in premature infants from southwest Alaska meeting criteria for palivizumab prophylaxis decreased from 439 per 1000 births before to 150 per 1000 births after palivizumab (relative rate, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.17 to 0.68), whereas the rate in nonpremature infants remained stable (148 per 1000 births compared with 142 per 1000). Among high risk Alaska Native children during 1998 through 2001, the rate of first RSV hospitalization was 0.55 per 1000 protected days and 1.07 per 1000 unprotected days (relative rate, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.93). Conclusions. Palivizumab reduced RSV hospitalizations in high risk infants in a region with high rates of RSV hospitalization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Southcent Fdn, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Singleton, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 540 EP 545 DI 10.1097/00006454-200306000-00010 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 692YQ UT WOS:000183688200010 PM 12799511 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Davis, M Nwanyanwu, OC Kazembe, PN Barat, LM Wasas, A Bloland, PB Ziba, C Capper, T Huebner, RE Schwartz, B Klugman, KP Dowell, SF AF Feikin, DR Davis, M Nwanyanwu, OC Kazembe, PN Barat, LM Wasas, A Bloland, PB Ziba, C Capper, T Huebner, RE Schwartz, B Klugman, KP Dowell, SF TI Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing rural Malawian children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pneumococcus; Malawi; serotypes; antibiotic resistance ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; CARRIAGE; SEROGROUPS; DISEASE AB Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from 906 Malawian children <5 years old visiting rural health clinics. Pneumococcal colonization was high, 84% among all children, and occurred early, 65% of it in children <3 months old. Among pneumococcal isolates 46% were nonsusceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 21% were nonsusceptible to penicillin. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use in the previous month was a risk factor for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and penicillin non-susceptibility. Forty-three percent of isolates were serotypes included in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and 37% were vaccine-related serotypes, particularly 6A and 19A. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Off Global Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. MRC, Pneumococcal Dis Res Unit, Malawi Minist Hlth, Community Hlth Sci Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, S African Inst Med Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Off Global Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 564 EP 567 DI 10.1097/00006454-200306000-00016 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 692YQ UT WOS:000183688200016 PM 12828156 ER PT J AU Palkovicova, L Reichrtova, E Ciznar, P Adamcakova, A McNabb, SJN AF Palkovicova, L Reichrtova, E Ciznar, P Adamcakova, A McNabb, SJN TI In utero exposure to environmental xenobiotics and allergy development in early childhood SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd World Congress on Dietal Origins of Adult Disease CY JUN 07-10, 2003 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND C1 Inst Prevent & Clin Med, SK-83301 Bratislava, Slovakia. Comenius Univ, Fac Med, Childrens Clin, Bratislava, Slovakia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP 46A EP 46A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 686RB UT WOS:000183333800371 ER PT J AU McPhee, SJ Nguyen, T Euler, GL Mock, J Wong, C Lam, T Nguyen, W Nguyen, S Ha, MQH Do, ST Buu, C AF McPhee, SJ Nguyen, T Euler, GL Mock, J Wong, C Lam, T Nguyen, W Nguyen, S Ha, MQH Do, ST Buu, C TI Successful promotion of hepatitis B vaccinations among Vietnamese-American children ages 3 to 18: Results of a controlled trial SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccination; catch-up; Vietnamese-Americans ID VIRUS TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; IMMUNIZATION; CARCINOMA; INFANTS AB Objective. Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus is endemic in Southeast Asian populations, including Vietnamese. Previous research has documented low rates of hepatitis B vaccine coverage among Vietnamese-American children and adolescents ages 3 to 18. To address this problem, we designed and tested in a controlled trial 2 public health outreach "catch-up" campaigns for this population. Design. In the Houston, Texas metropolitan area, we mounted a media-led information and education campaign, and in the Dallas metropolitan area, we organized a community mobilization strategy. We evaluated the success of these interventions in a controlled trial, using the Washington, DC metropolitan area as a control site. To do so, we conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews with random samples of similar to500 Vietnamese-American households in each of the 3 study sites both before and after the interventions. We assessed respondents' awareness and knowledge of hepatitis B and asked for hepatitis B vaccination dates for a randomly selected child in each household. When possible, we validated vaccination dates through direct contact with each child's providers. Results. Awareness of hepatitis B increased significantly between the pre- and postintervention surveys in all 3 areas, and the increase in the media education area (+21.5 percentage points) was significantly larger than in the control area (+9.0 percentage points). At postintervention, significantly more parents knew that free vaccines were available for children in the media education (+31.9 percentage points) and community mobilization (+16.7 percentage points) areas than in the control area (+4.7 percentage points). An increase in knowledge of sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus was significant in the media education area (+14.0 percentage points) and community mobilization (+13.6 percentage points) areas compared with the control area (+5.2 percentage points). Parent- or provider-reported data (n = 783 for pre- and n = 784 for postintervention surveys) suggest that receipt of 3 hepatitis B vaccinations increased significantly in the community mobilization area ( from 26.6% at pre- to 38.8% at postintervention) and in the media intervention area (28.5% at pre- and 39.4% at postintervention), but declined slightly in the control community (37.8% at pre- and 33.5% at postintervention). Multiple logistic regression analyses estimated that the odds of receiving 3 hepatitis B vaccine doses were significantly greater for both community mobilization ( odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.16 - 3.97) and media campaign ( odds ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.62 - 5.64) interventions compared with the control area. The odds of being vaccinated were significantly greater for children who had had at least 1 diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis shot, and whose parents were married, knew someone with liver disease, had heard of hepatitis B, and had greater knowledge about hepatitis B. The odds of being vaccinated were significantly lower for older children. Conclusions. Both community mobilization and media campaigns significantly increased the knowledge of Vietnamese-American parents about hepatitis B vaccination, and the receipt of "catch-up" vaccinations among their children. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Vietnamese Community Hlth Promot Project, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. CDC, Adult Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Res & Dev, Houston, TX USA. Inst Res & Dev, Plano, TX USA. EDCC, Dallas, TX USA. RP McPhee, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Vietnamese Community Hlth Promot Project, 44 Page St,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA086322]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U66/CCU915175] NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1278 EP 1288 DI 10.1542/peds.111.6.1278 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000021 PM 12777542 ER PT J AU Zhou, FJ Euler, GL McPhee, SJ Nguyen, T Lam, T Wong, C Mock, J AF Zhou, FJ Euler, GL McPhee, SJ Nguyen, T Lam, T Wong, C Mock, J TI Economic analysis of promotion of hepatitis B vaccinations among Vietnamese-American children and adolescents in Houston and Dallas SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cost-effectiveness analysis; benefit-cost analysis; hepatitis B vaccination; media education; community mobilization; Vietnamese-Americans ID VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; INTERVENTIONS; MANAGEMENT; IMMIGRANTS; CARCINOMA; PROGRAM; VACCINE AB Objective. To ascertain the cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios of 2 public health campaigns conducted in Dallas and Houston in 1998 - 2000 for "catch-up" hepatitis B vaccination of Vietnamese-Americans born 1984 - 1993. Design. Program evaluation. Setting. Houston and Dallas, Texas. Participants. A total of 14 349 Vietnamese-American children and adolescents. Interventions. Media-led information and education campaign in Houston, and community mobilization strategy in Dallas. Outcomes were compared with a control site: Washington, DC. Main outcome measures. Receipt of 1, 2, or 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine before and after the interventions, costs of interventions, cost-effectiveness ratios for intermediate outcomes, intervention cost per discounted year of life saved, and benefit-cost ratio of the interventions. Results. The number of children who completed the series of 3 hepatitis B vaccine doses increased by 1176 at a total cost of $313 904 for media intervention, and by 390 and at $169 561 for community mobilization. Costs per child receiving any dose, per dose, and per completed series were $363, $101, and $267 for media intervention and $387, $136, and $434 for community mobilization, respectively. For media intervention, the intervention cost per discounted year of life saved was $9954 and 131 years of life were saved; for community mobilization, estimates were $11 759 and 60 years of life. The benefit-cost ratio was 5.26: 1 for media intervention and 4.47: 1 for community mobilization. Conclusion. Although the increases in the number of children who completed series of 3 doses were modest for both the Houston and Dallas areas, both media education and, to a lesser degree, community mobilization interventions proved cost-effective and cost-beneficial. C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, VCHPP, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Zhou, FJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA086322]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U66/CCU915175] NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1289 EP 1296 DI 10.1542/peds.111.6.1289 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000022 PM 12777543 ER PT J AU Rickert, DL Shefer, AM Rodewald, LE McCauley, MM AF Rickert, DL Shefer, AM Rodewald, LE McCauley, MM TI Counting the shots: A model for immunization screening and referral in nonmedical settings SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immunization; Women; Infants and Children; evaluation; underserved; sensitivity; specificity; policy; evaluation; preventive services ID CHILDREN; PROGRAM; INFANTS; WOMEN AB Background. Clinics of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) have become important partners in efforts to improve vaccination coverage in low income children. However, the time required to assess all antigens in each child's vaccination record may exceed the capacity of many of these clinics. Seeking a solution, experts recommended assessing up-to- date (UTD) status only for the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis ( DTaP) vaccine and treating this as a proxy measure for all vaccines in the childhood schedule. Whether this single vaccine screening method represents an acceptable alternative to the traditional multiple-vaccine method as a basis for improving overall immunization coverage levels in this vulnerable population has not been demonstrated. Objective. To evaluate the validity of the proposed simplified method for assessing immunization status in a nationally representative population of infants and children who had ever been enrolled in WIC before 35 months old. Methods. This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2000 National Immunization Survey representing children ages 3 to 24 months who had ever been enrolled in WIC. For the 6277 children in the study population, we compared personal records of completion status for DTaP with personal records of completion status for all immunizations appropriate for age in the combination 4: 3: 1: 3 schedule to see which of the 2 ( single vs multiple screening) methods would better predict the child's true (provider-reported) status for the 4: 3: 1: 3 series. The main outcome measures were the comparative sensitivity, specificity, and overall test efficiency of the 2 methods in correctly identifying underimmunized WIC children. Results. Completion status for DTaP was less sensitive than completion status for all vaccinations in correctly identifying truly underimmunized children ( sensitivity = 70% and 77%, respectively). However, it was more specific in correctly identifying children who were truly UTD for age ( specificity = 86% and 82%, respectively). The 2 methods were essentially identical with respect to overall test efficiency ( 82% and 81% for DTaP assessment and assessment of all vaccines, respectively). Conclusions. Given limited resources to do immunization screening and referral in nonmedical settings such as WIC, simplifying the process by using DTaP from the personal vaccination record as a proxy for the 4: 3: 1: 3 series is a viable option. Loss in sensitivity may well be offset by gains in the capacity of WIC clinics to screen more children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rickert, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1297 EP 1302 DI 10.1542/peds.111.6.1297 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000023 PM 12777544 ER PT J AU Blackmon, LR Batton, DG Bell, EF Engle, WA Kanto, WP Martin, GI Rosenfeld, W Stark, A Miller, C Barrington, KJ Ecord, J Iyasu, S Riley, LE Wright, LL Couto, J AF Blackmon, LR Batton, DG Bell, EF Engle, WA Kanto, WP Martin, GI Rosenfeld, W Stark, A Miller, C Barrington, KJ Ecord, J Iyasu, S Riley, LE Wright, LL Couto, J CA Comm Fetus Newborn TI Advanced practice in neonatal nursing SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB The advanced practice neonatal nurse's participation in newborn care continues to be accepted and supported by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Recognized categories of advanced practice neonatal nurse are the neonatal clinical nurse specialist and the neonatal nurse practitioner. Training and credentialing requirements have been updated recently and are endorsed in this revised statement. C1 Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Amer Nurses Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Assoc Womens Hlth Obstet & Neonatal Nurses, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Natl Assoc Neonatal Nurses, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Blackmon, LR (reprint author), Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1453 EP 1454 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000050 ER PT J AU Balk, SJ Best, D Johnson, CL Kim, JJ Mazur, LJ Reynolds, DW Roberts, JR Shannon, MW Weil, WB Amler, RW Blackburn, E Linet, M Miller, RW Rogan, W Spire, P AF Balk, SJ Best, D Johnson, CL Kim, JJ Mazur, LJ Reynolds, DW Roberts, JR Shannon, MW Weil, WB Amler, RW Blackburn, E Linet, M Miller, RW Rogan, W Spire, P CA Comm Environm Hlth TI Radiation disasters and children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; THREE-MILE-ISLAND; BREAST-CANCER; CHERNOBYL DISASTER; RISK-FACTORS; ACCIDENT; ADOLESCENTS; STRESS; PREPAREDNESS; TERRORISM AB The special medical needs of children make it essential that pediatricians be prepared for radiation disasters, including 1) the detonation of a nuclear weapon; 2) a nuclear power plant event that unleashes a radioactive cloud; and 3) the dispersal of radionuclides by conventional explosive or the crash of a transport vehicle. Any of these events could occur unintentionally or as an act of terrorism. Nuclear facilities (eg, power plants, fuel processing centers, and food irradiation facilities) are often located in highly populated areas, and as they age, the risk of mechanical failure increases. The short- and long-term consequences of a radiation disaster are significantly greater in children for several reasons. First, children have a disproportionately higher minute ventilation, leading to greater internal exposure to radioactive gases. Children have a significantly greater risk of developing cancer even when they are exposed to radiation in utero. Finally, children and the parents of young children are more likely than are adults to develop enduring psychologic injury after a radiation disaster. The pediatrician has a critical role in planning for radiation disasters. For example, potassium iodide is of proven value for thyroid protection but must be given before or soon after exposure to radioiodines, requiring its placement in homes, schools, and child care centers. Pediatricians should work with public health authorities to ensure that children receive full consideration in local planning for a radiation disaster. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Balk, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 69 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1466 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000051 ER PT J AU Shea, KM AF Shea, KM CA Comm Environm Hlth TI Pediatric exposure and potential toxicity of phthalate plasticizers SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; MONO-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; NEWBORN-INFANTS; DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; EXCHANGE-TRANSFUSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SERTOLI CELLS AB Phthalates are plasticizers that are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to impart flexibility and durability. They are produced in high volume and generate extensive though poorly defined human exposures and unique childhood exposures. Phthalates are animal carcinogens and can cause fetal death, malformations, and reproductive toxicity in laboratory animals. Toxicity profiles and potency vary by specific phthalate. The extent of these toxicities and their applicability to humans remains incompletely characterized and controversial. Two phthalates, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP), have received considerable attention recently because of specific concerns about pediatric exposures. Like all phthalates, DEHP and DINP are ubiquitous contaminants in food, indoor air, soils, and sediments. DEHP is used in toys and medical devices. DINP is a major plasticizer used in children's toys. Scientific panels, advocacy groups, and industry groups have analyzed the literature on DEHP and DINP and have come to different conclusions about their safety. The controversy exists because risk to humans must be extrapolated from animal data that demonstrate differences in toxicity by species, route of exposure, and age at exposure and because of persistent uncertainties in human exposure data. This report addresses sensitive endpoints of reproductive and developmental toxicity and the unique aspects of pediatric exposures to phthalates that generate concern. DEHP and DINP are used as specific examples to illustrate the controversy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shea, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 72 TC 144 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1467 EP 1474 DI 10.1542/peds.111.6.1467 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000052 PM 12777573 ER PT J AU Havens, PL AF Havens, PL CA Comm Pediat AIDS TI Postexposure prophylaxis in children and adolescents for nonoccupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; RECENT SEXUAL EXPOSURE; INJECTION-DRUG USE; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; HIV-INFECTION; ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; OCCUPATIONAL TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT AB Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can occur in a number of situations unique to, or more common among, children and adolescents. Guidelines for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational and nonoccupational (eg, sexual, needle-sharing) exposures to HIV have been published by the US Public Health Service, but they do not directly address nonoccupational HIV exposures unique to children (such as accidental exposure to human milk from a woman infected with HIV or a puncture wound from a discarded needle on a playground), and they do not provide antiretroviral drug information relevant to PEP in children. This clinical report reviews issues of potential exposure of children and adolescents to HIV and gives recommendations for PEP in those situations. The risk of HIV transmission from nonoccupational, nonperinatal exposure is generally low. Transmission risk is modified by factors related to the source and extent of exposure. Determination of the HIV infection status of the exposure source may not be possible, and data on transmission risk by exposure type may not exist. Except in the setting of perinatal transmission, no studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of postexposure use of antiretroviral drugs for the prevention of HIV transmission in nonoccupational settings. Antiretroviral therapy used for PEP is associated with significant toxicity. The decision to initiate prophylaxis needs to be made in consultation with the patient, the family, and a clinician with experience in treatment of persons with HIV infection. If instituted, therapy should be started as soon as possible after an exposure-no later than 72 hours-and continued for 28 days. Many clinicians would use 3 drugs for PEP regimens, although 2 drugs may be considered in certain circumstances. Instruction for avoiding secondary transmission should be given. Careful follow-up is needed for psychologic support, encouragement of medication adherence, toxicity monitoring, and serial HIV antibody testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Havens, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 121 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1475 EP 1489 DI 10.1542/peds.111.6.1475 PG 15 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000053 PM 12777574 ER PT J AU Biroscak, BJ Fiore, AE Fasano, N Fineis, P Collins, MP Stoltman, G AF Biroscak, BJ Fiore, AE Fasano, N Fineis, P Collins, MP Stoltman, G TI Impact of the thimerosal controversy on hepatitis B vaccine coverage of infants born to women of unknown hepatitis B surface antigen status in Michigan SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE infant vaccination; hepatitis B vaccine; thimerosal; vaccine coverage; birth dose; vaccine coverage; vaccine safety ID RECOMMENDATIONS AB Objective. Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants, and the series may be started during the delivery admission. For infants who are born either to women who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg) or to women whose HBsAg status is unknown, vaccination should be started within 12 hours of birth to prevent perinatal and early childhood hepatitis B virus infection. Because of concerns about mercury exposures from vaccines that contain thimerosal, the United States Public Health Service ( USPHS) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended in July 1999 that the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine be deferred until 2 - 6 months of age but only for infants who are born to HBsAg-negative women. To assess the impact on birth-dose vaccine coverage for infants who are born to women with unknown HBsAg status, we measured coverage before and after July 1999. Methods. A sample of Michigan infants who were born to women whose HBsAg status was either unknown or missing were identified by reviewing newborn screening cards for infants who were born during 1) March April 1999 ( before recommendation changes [T1]); 2) July 15 - September 15, 1999 ( immediately after recommendation changes [T2]); and 3) March - April 2000 ( 6 months after resumption of pre-1999 practices were recommended [T3]). We verified maternal HBsAg screening and newborn hepatitis B vaccination by reviewing infant and maternal hospital records. Results. Of 1201 infants who were born to women whose HBsAg status was indicated as unknown or missing on the newborn screening card during the 3 time periods, 216 (18%) were born to women whose status was truly unknown at the time of delivery, as determined by medical record review. During T1, 53% of these 216 infants received hepatitis B vaccine before hospital discharge, compared with 7% of infants who were born during T2 and 57% of infants who were born during T3. During T1, 19% of these infants received hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth compared with 1% of infants who were born during T2 and 14% of infants who were born during T3. Conclusions. Hepatitis B vaccine birth-dose coverage for infants who were born to women whose HBsAg status was unknown at the time of delivery was already low in Michigan before the July 1999 USPHS/AAP Joint Statement but decreased significantly during the 2 months after the USPHS/AAP Joint Statement. Abrupt changes in established vaccination recommendations for lower risk children may lead to decreased coverage among higher risk children. Increases in hepatitis B vaccine coverage at birth are necessary to reduce the risk of perinatal infection for infants who are born to women with unknown HBsAg status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Communicable Dis & Immunizat Div, Lansing, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI USA. Hlth Dept Grand Traverse Benzie Cty, Lansing, MI USA. Hlth Dept Grand Traverse Leelanau Cty, Lansing, MI USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 6 BP E645 EP E649 DI 10.1542/peds.111.6.e645 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 693CA UT WOS:000183696000002 PM 12777580 ER PT J AU Paulose-Ram, R Hirsch, R Dillon, C Losonczy, K Cooper, M Ostchega, Y AF Paulose-Ram, R Hirsch, R Dillon, C Losonczy, K Cooper, M Ostchega, Y TI Prescription and non-prescription analgesic use among the US adult population: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE analgesics; NSAIDs; opiates; aspirin; acetaminophen; ibuprofen; US prevalence estimates; NHANES III; medication use ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; RISK; ACETAMINOPHEN; PATTERNS; ASPIRIN; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; PAIN AB Purpose To estimate prescription and non-prescription analgesic use in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods Data collected during the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), for persons 17 years and older were analyzed (n = 20 050). During the household interview, respondents reported use, in the last month, of prescription and non-prescription analgesics. Results An estimated 147 million adults reported monthly analgesic use, Prescription analgesic use was 9% while nonprescription use was 76%. Females were more likely than males to use prescription (11 vs. 7%, p < 0.001) and non-prescription (81 vs. 7 1 %, p < 0.001) analgesics. Across race-ethnicity groups, males (similar to 8%) and females (11-13%) had similar age-adjusted prescription analgesic use. Non-prescription analgesic use was higher among non-Hispanic whites than non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican-Americans for males (76 vs. 53% (p < 0.001) and 59% (p < 0.001), respectively) and females (85 vs. 68% (p < 0.001) and 71% (p < 0.001), respectively). With increasing age, prescription analgesic use increased whereas non-prescription use decreased. Approximately 30% of adults used multiple analgesics during a 1-month period. This was more common among females (35%) than males (25%, p < 0.001) and among younger (17-44 years, 33%) rather than older age groups (45+ years, 26%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Analgesic use among US adults is extremely high, specifically of non-prescription analgesics. Given this, health care providers and consumers should be aware of potential adverse effects and monitor use closely. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NHANES Program, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epdiemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Paulose-Ram, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NHANES Program, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Rm 1000, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 51 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1002/pds.755 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 685WM UT WOS:000183287100009 PM 12812012 ER PT J AU Kohl, KS Bonhoeffer, J Chen, R Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Loupi, E AF Kohl, KS Bonhoeffer, J Chen, R Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Loupi, E TI The Brighton Collaboration: enhancing comparibility of vaccine safety data SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CASE DEFINITIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Basel, Childrens Hosp, Basel, Switzerland. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Lund, Sweden. Aventis Pasteur SA, Lyon, France. RP Kohl, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1002/pds.851 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 685WM UT WOS:000183287100011 PM 12812014 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Kann, L McManus, T AF Brener, ND Kann, L McManus, T TI A comparison of two survey questions on race and ethnicity among high school students SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1086/374401 PG 10 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 690ML UT WOS:000183552900004 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, PI Murray, JF AF Fujiwara, PI Murray, JF TI Caring about tuberculosis: IUATLD's continuing contributions SO RESPIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-7799 J9 RESPIROLOGY JI Respirology PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 IS 2 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00458.x PG 4 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 689ED UT WOS:000183477900003 PM 12753524 ER PT J AU Golden, MR Hogben, M Handsfield, HH St Lawrence, JS Potterat, JJ Holmes, KK AF Golden, MR Hogben, M Handsfield, HH St Lawrence, JS Potterat, JJ Holmes, KK TI Partner notification for HIV and STD in the United States: Low coverage for gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and HIV SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PREVENTION STRATEGIES; PRIVATE-SECTOR; TRANSMISSION; TRACHOMATIS; SERVICES; EPIDEMIC AB Background: Little is known about the scope of current public health partner-notification (PN) activities in the United States. Goal: The goal of the study was to define what PN services U.S. health departments provide in areas with high STD/HIV-related morbidity. Study Design: The study involved a survey of STD program staff members in U.S. areas with the highest reported rates of infectious syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV in 1998. Results: Staff members of 60 (77%) of 78 health departments provided data. PN interviews were conducted with 7583 (89%) of 8492 cases of syphilis, 23,097 (17%) of 139,287 cases of gonorrhea, and 26,487 (12%) of 228,210 cases of chiamydia. In areas with mandatory HIV reporting, 4375 (52%) of 8328 persons infected with HIV were interviewed for PN. Conclusions: Except for patients with syphilis, public health PN services affect only a minority of persons with STD or HIV infection in high-morbidity areas of the United States. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty STD Program, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Golden, MR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Box 359777,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RI Potterat, John/B-4680-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI 01846-02] NR 30 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 6 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.1097/00007435-200306000-00004 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 685VV UT WOS:000183285200003 PM 12782949 ER PT J AU Blandford, JM Gift, TL AF Blandford, JM Gift, TL TI The cost-effectiveness of single-dose azithromycin for treatment of incubating syphilis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PARTNER NOTIFICATION; UNCOMPLICATED GONORRHEA; PENICILLIN-G; BENZATHINE; EFFICACY; THERAPY; TRIAL; MEN AB Background: Treatment of incubating syphilis with intramuscular benzathine penicillin in exposed sex partners is not always practical in the field, and exposed partners may not adhere to referrals for treatment at clinical facilities. The availability of a single-dose oral therapy could increase the number of partners treated and reduce future infections. Goal: The goal of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of directly observed oral administration of azithromycin as an alternative to referral for treatment with benzathine penicillin. Study Design: Using published probability and cost estimates, we constructed a decision-analysis model to compare the direct costs and effectiveness of field treatment with azithromycin (1-g single dose) versus referral for standard benzathine penicillin therapy. Results: At public-sector pricing ($11.50 U.S.), directly observed field treatment with azithromycin is cost-saving from both the program and healthcare system perspectives at efficacy levels as low as 75%. Azithromycin therapy is cost-saving at the wholesale price of $17.32 (sachet formulation) when efficacy is at least 90%. The more expensive tablet formulation (average wholesale price of $27.89) is not cost-saving from a program perspective, but it remains cost-saving from a healthcare system perspective if efficacy rates are at least 90%. Azithromycin therapy (1-g single dose) will result in fewer cases of early syphilis among exposed partners, provided that the drug's efficacy is at least 87%. Conclusions: Azithromycin is a cost-effective alternative treatment for incubating syphilis in settings where standard intramuscular therapy is not practical. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blandford, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 6 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1097/00007435-200306000-00006 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 685VV UT WOS:000183285200005 PM 12782951 ER PT J AU Berman, SM Moran, JS Wang, SA Workowski, KA AF Berman, SM Moran, JS Wang, SA Workowski, KA TI Fluoroquinolones, gonorrhea, and the CDC STD treatment guidelines SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berman, SM (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 6 BP 528 EP 529 DI 10.1097/00007435-200306000-00012 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 685VV UT WOS:000183285200011 PM 12782957 ER PT J AU Stoner, BP Whittington, WLH Aral, SO Hughes, JP Handsfield, HH Holmes, KK AF Stoner, BP Whittington, WLH Aral, SO Hughes, JP Handsfield, HH Holmes, KK TI Avoiding risky sex partners: perception of partners' risks v. partners' self reported risks SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSEXUAL COUPLES; BISEXUAL MEN; DRUG-USERS; RELIABILITY; BEHAVIOR; HISTORIES; VALIDITY; GAY; CONCORDANCE; ADDICTS AB Background: Key strategies advocated for lowering personal risk of sexual exposure to STD/HIV include having fewer partners and avoiding risky partners. However, few studies have systematically examined how well people can actually discern their sex partners' risk behaviours. Methods: We conducted face to face interviews with 151 heterosexual patients with gonorrhoea or chlamydial infection and 189 of their sex partners. Interviews examined the patients' perceptions of their sex partners' sociodemographic characteristics and risk behaviours. Patients' perceptions of partners were then sociometrically compared for agreement with partner self reports, using the kappa statistic for discrete variables and concordance correlation for continuous variables. Results: Agreement was highest for perceived partner age, race/ethnicity, and duration of sexual partnership; and lowest for knowledge of partner's work in commercial sex, number of other sex partners, and for perceived quality of communication within the partnership. Index patients commonly underestimated or overestimated partners' risk characteristics. Reported condom use was infrequent and inconsistent within partnerships. Conclusion: Among people with gonorrhoea or chlamydial infection, patients' perceptions of partners' risk behaviours often disagreed with the partners' self reports. Formative research should guide development and evaluation of interventions to enhance sexual health communication within partnerships and within social networks, as a potential harm reduction strategy to foster healthier partnerships. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Ctr AIDS & STD, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. RP Stoner, BP (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, 1 Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1114, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI/MH 34118] NR 26 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 79 IS 3 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1136/sti.79.3.197 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 687AQ UT WOS:000183354000007 PM 12794201 ER PT J AU Lai, W Chen, CY Morse, SA Htun, Y Fehler, HG Liu, H Ballard, RC AF Lai, W Chen, CY Morse, SA Htun, Y Fehler, HG Liu, H Ballard, RC TI Increasing relative prevalence of HSV-2 infection among men with genital ulcers from a mining community in South Africa SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HIV-INFECTION; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; TYPE-2 INFECTION; GENETIC CONTENT; RURAL TANZANIA; GLYCOPROTEIN-G; RISK-FACTORS AB Objectives: To determine the aetiology of genital ulcer disease (GUD) and its association with HIV infection in the mining community of Carletonville, South Africa, from two cross sectional surveys of consecutive men presenting with genital lesions during October 1993 to January 1994 and July to November 1998. Methods: A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) assay combined with amplicon detection was used to identify DNA specific sequences of Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Haemophilus ducreyi. A real time PCR assay was used to differentiate between HSV-1 and HSV-2. Results: M-PCR detected T pallidum, HSV, and H ducreyi in 10.3%, 17.2%, and 69.4% of 232 GUD patients during 1993-4 and in 12.4%, 36.0%, and 50.5% of 186 GUD patients in 1998. The proportion of patients with more than one agent increased significantly from 7.3% (17/232) in 1993-4 to 16.7% (31/186) in 1998 (p <0.01). HSV-2 was detected in a higher proportion of ulcer specimens from HIV infected patients than in specimens from HIV uninfected patients during both time periods (1993-4: 26.2% v 6.7%, p <0.001; 1998: 42.1% v 29.6%, p >0.09). Conclusions: Based on two cross sectional surveys, 4 years apart, chancroid remained the leading cause of GUD in men who presented at the STD clinic with genital ulcers in the mining community of Carletonville, South Africa. The relative prevalence of primary syphilis has remained low. However, HSV-2 has emerged as a more significant cause of GUD and the proportion of GUD patients infected with more than one agent also increased significantly. HSV-2 DNA was detected in a significantly higher proportion of ulcer specimens from HIV positive patients than from HIV negative patients. No association was found between HIV infection status and the relative prevalence of chancroid or syphilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sun Yat Sen Univ Med Sci, Affiliated Hosp 3, Dept Dermatol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Reference Ctr STIs, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 79 IS 3 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1136/sti.79.3.202 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 687AQ UT WOS:000183354000008 PM 12794202 ER PT J AU McCree, DH Liddon, NC Hogben, M St Lawrence, JS AF McCree, DH Liddon, NC Hogben, M St Lawrence, JS TI National survey of doctors' actions following the diagnosis of a bacterial STD SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; CHLAMYDIA; PREVALENCE; PROGRAM; WOMEN AB Objectives: Little is known about the post-STD diagnosis management practices of community based doctors. The purpose of this study was to describe the reported actions that doctors take after diagnosing gonorrhoea, chlamydia, or syphilis and to determine if these actions differ across the three STDs. Methods: A random national sample of 7300 doctors (70% response rate) practising in five medical specialties responded to 13 questions related to STD management. Mean differences across STDs were examined using the General Linear Model function of SPSS. Results: Most doctors reported instructing patients to abstain from sex during treatment, to use condoms, and to inform their sexual partners of their exposure after diagnosing gonorrhoea, chlamydia, or syphilis. For syphilis, however, doctors were less likely to treat the patients presumptively and to give them drugs for their partners; and more likely to collect partner information, to follow up with the patient to see if the partner was referred for treatment and to send patient information to the health department. Conclusions: Doctors' post-STD diagnosis actions were similar for gonorrhoea and chlamydia compared to syphilis. Study findings suggest low levels of STD case reporting and partner follow up by doctors in the sample. Interventions are needed to educate community based doctors about the importance of partner follow up and case reporting in the management of STDs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McCree, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 79 IS 3 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1136/sti.79.3.254 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 687AQ UT WOS:000183354000021 PM 12794217 ER PT J AU DeMartino, RE Crosby, AE EchoHawk, M Litts, DA Pearson, J Reed, GA West, M AF DeMartino, RE Crosby, AE EchoHawk, M Litts, DA Pearson, J Reed, GA West, M TI A call to collaboration: The federal commitment to suicide prevention SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article AB The federal government, largely through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), sponsors an array of science-based suicide prevention initiatives. This article details the prevention-related agendas and collaborative efforts of five operating divisions within the Department of Health and Human Services: the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Indian Health Service, and Health Resources and Services Administration. The article highlights HHSs activities and their link to the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention, the plan which will guide the nation's suicide prevention efforts for the next decade. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Washington, DC 20201 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC 20201 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Indian Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20201 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Suicide Prevent Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Ad, Washington, DC 20201 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP DeMartino, RE (reprint author), US PHS, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, 5600 Fishers Lane,Room 17C-26, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1521/suli.33.2.101.22772 PG 10 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 700WZ UT WOS:000184135300001 PM 12882412 ER PT J AU Newman, RD Parise, ME Slutsker, L Nahlen, B Steketee, RW AF Newman, RD Parise, ME Slutsker, L Nahlen, B Steketee, RW TI Safety, efficacy and determinants of effectiveness of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy: implications for prevention programmes in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic sub-Saharan Africa SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE malaria; drug therapy; antimalarials; drug safety; pregnancy; primary prevention ID INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; ATOVAQUONE PLUS PROGUANIL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MALARIA CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CHLORPROGUANIL-DAPSONE; RURAL MALAWI; DOUBLE-BLIND; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA AB Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy poses substantial risk to a pregnant woman and her neonate through anaemia and low birth weight (LBW), respectively, and is responsible for up to 35% of preventable LBW in malaria-endemic areas. Chemoprophylaxis or intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with an effective antimalarial can ameliorate the adverse effects of malaria during pregnancy. Current guidelines from the WHO recommend that women in highly malarious areas receive IPT with an effective antimalarial. Two central considerations in evaluating drugs for use during pregnancy are safety for the mother and her foetus and effectiveness, which is determined by efficacy, cost, availability, deliverability and acceptability of the drug. These factors may be scored and potential drugs or drug combinations ranked in order of potential effectiveness for use in prevention programmes. The seven most promising regimens are all IPT, primarily because they are more easily delivered and less expensive than chemoprophylaxis. Currently, IPT with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is more likely to have the best overall effectiveness in preventing adverse outcomes associated with malaria in pregnancy. Its low cost, wide availability, easy deliverability and acceptability make it the clear choice in countries where efficacy of the drug remains good. For countries where resistance to SP is rising or already high, amodiaquine (alone or in combination with SP or artesunate) artesunate + SP, chlorproguanil-dapsone (with and without artesunate) and artemether-lumefantrine require urgent evaluation for use in pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 150 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 IS 6 BP 488 EP 506 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01066.x PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 686YQ UT WOS:000183348900002 PM 12791054 ER PT J AU Benedict, MQ Tabachnick, WJ Higgs, S Azad, AF Beard, CB Beier, JC Handler, AM James, AA Lord, CC Nasci, RS Olson, KE Richmond, JY Scott, TW Severson, DW Walker, ED Wesson, ED AF Benedict, MQ Tabachnick, WJ Higgs, S Azad, AF Beard, CB Beier, JC Handler, AM James, AA Lord, CC Nasci, RS Olson, KE Richmond, JY Scott, TW Severson, DW Walker, ED Wesson, ED TI Arthropod containment guidelines - (Version 3.1) - A project of the American Committee of Medical Entomology - American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BIOSAFETY; VIRUSES C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 3 IS 2 BP 63 EP + PG 33 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 802NM UT WOS:000220170200002 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MD AF Schwartz, MD TI Fever in the returning traveler, part II: A methodological approach to initial management SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE fever; traveler; incubation; malaria; African tick bite fever; Mediterranean spotted fever; Queensland tick typhus; scrub typhus; epidemic typhus; murine typhus; Q fever; leptospirosis; yellow fever; dengue; dengue hemorrhagic fever; dengue shock syndrome; bubonic plague; typhoid fever; African trypanosomiasis; schistosomiasis; brucellosis; leishmaniasis; togavirus; flavivirus; viral hemorrhagic fever; Lassa; Ebola ID UNITED-STATES; SPOTTED-FEVER; TYPHOID-FEVER; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SCRUB TYPHUS; LASSA FEVER; NEW-YORK; AFRICA; VIRUS; INFECTIONS AB The advent of modern commercial air travel ensures that a returning traveler could present to any emergency department or private physician's office in the United States bearing any infection from the farthest corner of the earth. Exotic illnesses in the returned traveler are of concern to the physician because they often strike an otherwise young and healthy segment of the population and may carry significant morbidity and mortality if not recognized early. The infrequency with which these diseases are encountered demands a systematic approach to history, a physical exam, and the construction of a differential diagnosis. Information about the geographic distribution, routes of transmission, and incubation periods of the pathogens allows a clinician to reduce the differential to a manageable number of the likeliest etiologies. This is the second of a 2-part article, proposing an orderly, systematic approach for use by the physician faced with a febrile returned traveler. The clinical features of specific diseases and their incubation periods are presented to support the assumptions on which an algorithm-centered approach is based. C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schwartz, MD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control, Dept Emergency Med, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(2003)014[0120:FITRTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 692VD UT WOS:000183680200008 PM 12825887 ER PT J AU Rota, PA Oberste, MS Monroe, SS Nix, WA Campagnoli, R Icenogle, JP Penaranda, S Bankamp, B Maher, K Chen, MH Tong, SX Tamin, A Lowe, L Frace, M DeRisi, JL Chen, Q Wang, D Erdman, DD Peret, TCT Burns, C Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Sanchez, A Liffick, S Holloway, B Limor, J McCaustland, K Olsen-Rasmussen, M Fouchier, R Gunther, S Osterhaus, ADME Drosten, C Pallansch, MA Anderson, LJ Bellini, WJ AF Rota, PA Oberste, MS Monroe, SS Nix, WA Campagnoli, R Icenogle, JP Penaranda, S Bankamp, B Maher, K Chen, MH Tong, SX Tamin, A Lowe, L Frace, M DeRisi, JL Chen, Q Wang, D Erdman, DD Peret, TCT Burns, C Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Sanchez, A Liffick, S Holloway, B Limor, J McCaustland, K Olsen-Rasmussen, M Fouchier, R Gunther, S Osterhaus, ADME Drosten, C Pallansch, MA Anderson, LJ Bellini, WJ TI Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS CORONAVIRUS; TARGETED RECOMBINATION; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; SPIKE GENE; VIRUS; DETERMINANT; ENTRY AB In March 2003, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered in association with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The sequence of the complete genome of SARS-CoV was determined, and the initial characterization of the viral genome is presented in this report. The genome of SARS-CoV is 29,727 nucleotides in length and has 11 open reading frames, and its genome organization is similar to that of other coronaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons showed that SARS-CoV is not closely related to any of the previously characterized coronaviruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Erasmus Univ, Dept Virol, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Dept Virol, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Fouchier, Ron/A-1911-2014; OI Fouchier, Ron/0000-0001-8095-2869; Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 23 TC 1415 Z9 1664 U1 7 U2 79 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 30 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5624 BP 1394 EP 1399 DI 10.1126/science.108952 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 683ZW UT WOS:000183181800035 PM 12730500 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Graham, DH Dahl, E Hilali, M El-Ghaysh, A Sreekumar, C Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Lehmann, T AF Dubey, JP Graham, DH Dahl, E Hilali, M El-Ghaysh, A Sreekumar, C Kwok, OCH Shen, SK Lehmann, T TI Isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from chickens and ducks from Egypt SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; isolation; chickens; Gallus domesticus; ducks; Anas sp.; Egypt ID ACUTE VIRULENCE; OOCYSTS; MICE; RESPONSES; SHEEP; CATS AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the ground. In the present study, prevalence of T gondii in 121 free range chickens (Gallus domesticus) and 19 ducks (Anas sp.) from a rural area surrounding Giza, Egypt was assessed. Blood, heart, and brain from each animal were examined for T gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT), were found in 49 (40.4%) chickens in titers of 1:5 in 11, 1: 10 in four, 1:20 in four, 1:40 in eight, 1: 80 in 10, and 1: 160 or more in 12 chickens. Antibodies were found in three ducks each with a titer of 1:80. Hearts and brains of seropositive (MAT greater than or equal to 1:5) chickens and ducks were bioassayed in mice. Additionally, hearts and brains of seronegative (MAT < 1:5) animals were bioassayed in T gondii-free cats. T gondii was isolated from 19 of 49 seropositive chickens (one with a titer of 1:5, two with a titer of 1:20, one with a titer of 1:40, five with a titer of 1: 80, three with a titer of 1: 160, and seven with a titer of greater than or equal to 1:360). One cat fed tissues pooled from 15 seronegative chickens shed T gondii oocysts, while two cats fed tissues of 34 seronegative chickens did not shed oocysts. T gondii was isolated from one of the seropositive ducks by bioassay in mice. The two cats fed tissues from 16 seronegative ducks did not shed oocysts. Genotyping of 20 chicken isolates of T gondii using the SAG 2 locus indicated that 17 isolates were type III and three were type II. The duck isolate of T gondii was type III. The mice inoculated with tissue stages of all 21 isolates of T gondii from chickens and ducks remained asymptomatic, indicating that phenotypically they were not type I because type I strains are lethal for mice. Infections with mixed genotypes were not found. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Cairo Univ, Fac Med Vet, Dept Parasitol, Giza, Egypt. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Hilali, Mosaad/O-9443-2016; OI A. Hilali, Mosaad/0000-0002-9930-8501; Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 22 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 30 PY 2003 VL 114 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00133-X PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 688YH UT WOS:000183464500002 PM 12781471 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, M Jernigan, DB Guasch, A Trepka, MJ Blackmore, CG Hellinger, WC Pham, SM Zaki, S Lanciotti, RS Lance-Parker, SE DiazGranados, CA Winquist, AG Perlino, CA Wiersma, S Hillyer, KL Goodman, JL Marfin, AA Chamberland, ME Petersen, LR Blake, P Bower, W Dowdy, L Fleming, J Guarner, J Jimenez, J Kuehnert, M Leguen, F Luu, T Mallon, S Moseley, R Nejman, A Page, P Pealer, L Qi, XS Rico, E Roehrig, J Rollin, P Salameh, M Shieh, WJ Tso, P Withum, D AF Iwamoto, M Jernigan, DB Guasch, A Trepka, MJ Blackmore, CG Hellinger, WC Pham, SM Zaki, S Lanciotti, RS Lance-Parker, SE DiazGranados, CA Winquist, AG Perlino, CA Wiersma, S Hillyer, KL Goodman, JL Marfin, AA Chamberland, ME Petersen, LR Blake, P Bower, W Dowdy, L Fleming, J Guarner, J Jimenez, J Kuehnert, M Leguen, F Luu, T Mallon, S Moseley, R Nejman, A Page, P Pealer, L Qi, XS Rico, E Roehrig, J Rollin, P Salameh, M Shieh, WJ Tso, P Withum, D CA West Nile Virus Transplant Recipie TI Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; DIAGNOSIS AB BACKGROUND: In August 2002, fever and mental-status changes developed in recipients of organs from a common donor. Transmission of West Nile virus through organ transplantation was suspected. METHODS: We reviewed medical records, conducted interviews, and collected blood and tissue samples for testing with a variety of assays. Persons who donated blood to the organ donor and associated blood components were identified and tested for West Nile virus. RESULTS: We identified West Nile virus infection in the organ donor and in all four organ recipients. Encephalitis developed in three of the organ recipients, and febrile illness developed in one. Three recipients became seropositive for West Nile virus IgM antibody; the fourth recipient had brain tissue that was positive for West Nile virus by isolation and nucleic acid and antigen assays. Serum specimens obtained from the organ donor before and immediately after blood transfusions showed no evidence of West Nile virus; however, serum and plasma samples obtained at the time of organ recovery were positive on viral nucleic acid testing and viral culture. The organ donor had received blood transfusions from 63 donors. A review of blood donors and follow-up testing identified one donor who had viremia at the time of donation and who became seropositive for West Nile virus IgM antibodies during the next two months. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation of this cluster documents the transmission of West Nile virus by organ transplantation. Organ recipients receiving immunosuppressive drugs may be at high risk for severe disease after West Nile virus infection. Blood transfusion was the probable source of the West Nile virus viremia in the organ donor. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Mayo Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Red Cross, Blood Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Iwamoto, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 22 TC 357 Z9 378 U1 1 U2 18 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 29 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 22 BP 2196 EP 2203 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa022987 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 683EK UT WOS:000183134700005 PM 12773646 ER PT J AU Melter, O Hercik, K Weyant, RS Janecek, J Nemec, A Mecera, J Gonzorova, L AF Melter, O Hercik, K Weyant, RS Janecek, J Nemec, A Mecera, J Gonzorova, L TI Detection and characterization of feline Bartonella henselae in the Czech Republic SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bartonella henselae; cat; molecular typing; Czech Republic ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; DOMESTIC CATS; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; CLONAL TYPES; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; BACTEREMIA; INFECTION; GERMANY AB The aims of the study were to characterize isolates of Bartonella henselae and to determine the prevalence of bacteremic domestic cats in urban and suburban parts of Prague, Czech Republic. Five (18%) gram-negative fastidious bacterial single-cat isolates were recovered from 27 hemocultures incubated without previous freezing. Four of these isolates originated from flea infested stray cats (n = 6) and one from a shelter cat without any ectoparasites (n = 21). None of the 34 previously frozen specimens from ilea free pet cats yielded any bacteria. All five isolates were catalase and oxidase negative. Their enzymatic activity, RFLP profile of citrate synthetase gene (gltA) and DNA-DNA hybridization results were typical of B. henselae. According to their PvuII and BglI ribotypes the isolates could be allocated to two homogeneous groups. Ribotype HindIII and RFLP of 16S-23S rRNA spacer region analysis gave unique profiles different from those of Bartonella quintana, Bartonella elizabethae and Bartonella clarridgeiae. The 16S rRNA type-specific amplification revealed an identical profile typical of B. henselae genotype II for all the cat isolates studied. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assigned a different profile to each of the isolates studied. Determination of the enzymatic activity, RFLP of gltA gene, RFLP of 16S-23S rRNA spacer region, and HindIII ribotype could be efficient tools for identification of B. henselae isolates. Ribotyping (PvuII, BglI), 16S rRNA typing and PFGE may be useful methods to prospect ecology and epidemiology of the agent. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Prague 10042, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Microbiol, CR-14220 Prague, Czech Republic. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Care Ctr, Prague 19800, Czech Republic. Vet Clin, Prague 12000, Czech Republic. RP Melter, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Srobarova 48, Prague 10042, Czech Republic. RI Nemec, Alexandr/C-4447-2008 OI Nemec, Alexandr/0000-0003-0608-9598 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAY 29 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(03)00032-4 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 672KW UT WOS:000182520600008 PM 12695049 ER PT J CA SARS Investigative Team TI Update: Severe acute respiratory syndrome - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 411-413, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 20 BP 2637 EP 2637 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 682DG UT WOS:000183075600004 ER PT J AU Rhodes, L Moorman, JE Redd, SC Mannino, DM AF Rhodes, L Moorman, JE Redd, SC Mannino, DM TI Self-reported asthma prevalence and control among adults - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 381-384, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rhodes, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 20 BP 2639 EP 2640 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 682DG UT WOS:000183075600006 ER PT J AU Barrueto, F Nelson, LS Hoffman, RS Heller, MB Furdyna, PM Hoffman, RJ Whitlow, KS Belson, MG Henderson, AK AF Barrueto, F Nelson, LS Hoffman, RS Heller, MB Furdyna, PM Hoffman, RJ Whitlow, KS Belson, MG Henderson, AK TI Poisoning by an illegally imported Chinese rodenticide containing tetramethylene-disulfotetramine - New York City, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 199-201, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Lab, Gen Toxicol & Environm Sci Lab, New York, NY USA. Maimonides Hosp, Div Toxicol, New York, NY USA. New York State Div Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barrueto, F (reprint author), New York City Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 20 BP 2640 EP 2642 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 682DG UT WOS:000183075600007 ER PT J CA Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Natl Immunization Program TI Update: Adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 419-420, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 20 BP 2642 EP 2642 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 682DG UT WOS:000183075600008 ER PT J AU Tao, G Branson, BM Anderson, LA Irwin, KL AF Tao, G Branson, BM Anderson, LA Irwin, KL TI Do physicians provide counseling with HIV and STD testing at physician offices or hospital outpatient departments? SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV/STD counseling; private setting; STD; and HIV or STID screening ID UNITED-STATES AB Objectives: To estimate the frequency of HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) counseling among patients tested for HIV or STD infection at physician offices and hospital outpatient departments and to describe the factors associated with HIV/STD counseling in private settings in the USA. Design: Cross-sectional study of patients served by physicians in private settings in the USA. Methods: We analyzed 1997-1998 data from two representative national surveys of ambulatory care visits in private settings by persons aged 18-64 years. Results: During 1997-1998, 12.7 million ambulatory care visits included HIV or STD testing. HIV/STD counseling was documented in 35% of all visits and in 28% of visits by pregnant women at the time HIV or STD tests were done. Counseling was less common when only HIV tests (21%) or STD tests (37%) alone were carried out than when both HIV and STD tests (50%) were performed. Counseling was more common (65%) if the patient's reason for visit was related to HIV, STD, or genitourinary complaints than if the visit was for other reasons. Conclusions: Private physicians often counseled about HIV/STD when testing patients with symptoms. The proportion of other visits in which counseling accompanied HIV or STD tests was variable. This suggests the need for a better understanding of the reasons why clinicians in private settings decide whether to counsel patients about HIV and STD when they order testing, barriers to offering counseling, and interventions to increase counseling when appropriate. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tao, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 23 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1243 EP 1247 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000060386.18106.ee PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 687ZT UT WOS:000183408000017 PM 12819527 ER PT J AU Tang, Y Donnelly, KC Tiffany-Castiglioni, E Mumtaz, MM AF Tang, Y Donnelly, KC Tiffany-Castiglioni, E Mumtaz, MM TI Neurotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and simple chemical mixtures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; RAT GLIOMA-CELLS; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; CELLULAR TARGETS; SH-SY5Y HUMAN; GLIAL-CELLS; LEAD; MOUSE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major class of environmental pollutants. These chemicals are the products of incomplete combustion and are present in every compartment of the environment. While the carcinogenic potential of these chemicals has been investigated in numerous studies, very little is known about the potential of these chemicals to produce damage to neural cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of several model PAHs and binary mixtures of these chemicals in neural cells. Chemicals tested included benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), chrysene, anthracene, and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Four end points, including amino acid incorporation, total protein, total cell count, and viable cells (trypan dye exclusion), were measured in SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and C6 rat glioma cells. The most sensitive measure of PAH toxicity in neural cells was amino acid incorporation into proteins. BaP was the most toxic of all PAHs tested, and anthracene failed to produce a toxic response at any concentration tested. Without metabolic activation, BaP induced a significant cytotoxic response at a concentration of 30 muM. With activation (0.25% S9), BaP induced a response at concentration levels of 3 muM and 30 muM. Minimal toxicity was observed with chrysene at the highest concentration tested, and anthracene failed to produce a toxic response at any concentration tested. With mixtures of PAHs the majority of samples induced additive responses. The minimum concentration required to induce a significant response was reduced for the mixture of chrysene and BaP when compared to BaP alone. In addition, PCP appeared to increase the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by mipafox. The data suggest that PAHs are capable of producing damage to neural cells only at concentrations that are near their solubility limits. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tiffany-Castiglioni, E (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES09106] NR 43 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD MAY 23 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 10 BP 919 EP 940 DI 10.1080/15287390390210541 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 679BL UT WOS:000182901100003 PM 12825237 ER PT J AU Seeff, L Nadel, M Blackman, D Pollack, LA AF Seeff, L Nadel, M Blackman, D Pollack, LA TI Colorectal cancer test use among persons aged >= 50 years - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 193-196, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RISK C1 CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seeff, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 21 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 19 BP 2492 EP 2493 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 680KL UT WOS:000182976500008 ER PT J AU Janssen, RS Onorato, IM Valdiserri, RO Durham, TM Nichols, WP Seiler, EM Jaffe, HW AF Janssen, RS Onorato, IM Valdiserri, RO Durham, TM Nichols, WP Seiler, EM Jaffe, HW TI Advancing HIV prevention: New strategies for a changing epidemic - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 329-332, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Janssen, RS (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 21 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 19 BP 2493 EP 2495 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 680KL UT WOS:000182976500009 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Shay, DK Weintraub, E Brammer, L Cox, N Anderson, LJ Fukuda, K AF Thompson, WW Shay, DK Weintraub, E Brammer, L Cox, N Anderson, LJ Fukuda, K TI Estimating deaths due to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 21 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 19 BP 2500 EP 2502 DI 10.1001/jama.289.19.2500-b PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 680KL UT WOS:000182976500014 ER PT J AU Dai, SF Fulton, JE Labarthe, D AF Dai, SF Fulton, JE Labarthe, D TI Change in body fatness influences total and HDL cholesterol levels in Japanese children and adolescents SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Asia Pacific Scientific Forum on New Discoveries in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY JUN 08-10, 2003 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP World Heart Federat, Asian Pacific Soc Cardiol, Hong Kong Coll Cardiol, Japanese Circulat Soc, Chinese Soc Cardiol, Korean Soc Circulat, Japan Heart Fdn, Natl Heart, Lung, & Blood Inst C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 20 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 19 MA 5 BP E133 EP E133 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 681AU UT WOS:000183014500030 ER PT J AU Wilson, N Mansoor, O Wenger, J Martin, R Zanardi, L O'Leary, M Rabukawaqa, V AF Wilson, N Mansoor, O Wenger, J Martin, R Zanardi, L O'Leary, M Rabukawaqa, V TI Estimating the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease burden and the impact of Hib vaccine in Fiji SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae; rapid assessment tool; Pacific ID MENINGITIS; CONJUGATE; PACIFIC; INFANTS AB Aims: To estimate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease burden in Fiji in children under the age of 5 years (under-5s) prior to vaccine introduction. To compare estimates from WHO's Hib rapid assessment tool (RAT), with that from decline in disease after vaccine introduction. Methods: Laboratory data (meningitis), hospitalization and mortality data (pneumonia and meningitis) before and after Hib vaccine introduction were collected. The RAT protocol provides two independent estimates of pre-vaccine disease burden (one based on meningitis incidence laboratory data and the other based on mortality statistics). A third estimate uses the decline in disease following vaccine introduction. Results: The decline in meningitis hospitalizations implies a pre-vaccine Hib meningitis incidence of 66 per 100,000 in under-5s. This compares with a pre-vaccine RAT estimate of Hib meningitis incidence of 84 per 100,000 (for 1992-1993). The RAT estimated the total annual pre-vaccine Hib burden (meningitis plus pneumonia) at 476 cases and 36 deaths per year ("meningitis incidence method") and 70 cases and 5 deaths ("child mortality method"). Hib vaccine led to declines of 32% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 11-48%), and 78% (95% CI = 22-94%) for all under-5s meningitis hospitalizations and deaths, respectively. There was no similar consistent decline in pneumonia hospitalizations or deaths after vaccine introduction, except for a statistically significant reduction in pneumonia mortality in children aged under 1 year. Conclusions: Hib disease constitutes an important burden on the health of Pacific children that can be rapidly reduced with Hib vaccine. In this setting, routine morbidity statistics (comparing pre-and post-vaccine) provided an estimate of Hib meningitis burden which is broadly similar to that of the Hib RAT, suggesting that both might be valid ways to estimate Hib meningitis incidence. However, Hib pneumonia burden could not be estimated from routine statistics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Karori, Wellington, New Zealand. WHO, Manila, Philippines. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Suva, Fiji. Minist Hlth, Suva, Fiji. RP Wilson, N (reprint author), Karori, 367A Karori Rd, Wellington, New Zealand. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 16 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 17-18 BP 1907 EP 1912 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00825-3 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 682PF UT WOS:000183100200015 PM 12706676 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Subbarao, K Swayne, D Chen, Q Lu, XH Katz, J Cox, N Matsuoka, Y AF Chen, HL Subbarao, K Swayne, D Chen, Q Lu, XH Katz, J Cox, N Matsuoka, Y TI Generation and evaluation of a high-growth reassortant H9N2 influenza A virus as a pandemic vaccine candidate SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza virus; H9N2 subtype; pandemic influenza vaccine ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; H5N1 VIRUSES; A VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; HUMANS AB H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are widely distributed in avian species and were isolated from humans in Hong Kong and Guangdong province, China in 1999 raising concern of their potential for pandemic spread. We generated a high-growth reassortant virus (G9/PR8) that contains the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the H9N2 avian influenza virus A/chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97 (G9) and six internal genes from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) by genetic reassortment, for evaluation as a potential vaccine candidate in humans. Pathogenicity studies showed that the G9/PR8 reassortant was not highly pathogenic for mice or chickens. Two doses of a formalin-inactivated G9/PR8 virus vaccine induced hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and conferred complete protection against challenge with G9 and the antigenically distinct H9N2 A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (G1-like) virus in a mouse model. These results indicate that the high growth G9/PR8 reassortant has properties that are desirable in a vaccine seed virus and is suitable for evaluation in humans for use in the event of an H9 pandemic. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, LID, NIH, Bldg 50,Rm 6132,50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 16 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 17-18 BP 1974 EP 1979 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00809-5 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 682PF UT WOS:000183100200024 PM 12706686 ER PT J AU Jones, J Lopez, A Wilson, M AF Jones, J Lopez, A Wilson, M TI Congenital toxoplasmosis SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; GONDII INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; PREGNANCY; MULTICENTER; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVENTION; SEQUELAE; IMPACT AB Approximately 85 percent of women of childbearing age in the United States are susceptible to acute infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Transmission of T. gondii to the fetus can result in serious health problems, including mental retardation, seizures, blindness, and death. Some health problems may not become apparent until the second or third decade of life. An estimated 400 to 4,000 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis occur in the United States each year. Serologic tests are used to diagnose acute T. gondii infection in pregnant women. Because false-positive tests occur frequently, serologic diagnosis must be confirmed at a Toxoplasma reference laboratory before treatment with potentially toxic drugs is considered. In many instances, congenital toxoplasmosis can be prevented by educating pregnant women and other women of childbearing age about not ingesting raw or undercooked meat using measures to avoid cross-contamination of other foods with raw or undercooked meat, and protecting themselves against exposure to cat litter or contaminated soil. Copyright (C) 2003 American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 57 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 10 BP 2131 EP 2138 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 681QD UT WOS:000183046100006 PM 12776962 ER PT J AU Weiner, M Burman, W Vernon, A Benator, D Peloquin, CA Khan, A Weis, S King, B Shah, N Hodge, T AF Weiner, M Burman, W Vernon, A Benator, D Peloquin, CA Khan, A Weis, S King, B Shah, N Hodge, T CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Low isoniazid concentrations and outcome of tuberculosis treatment with once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; isoniazid; rifapentine; treatment; pharmacokinetics ID CONTINUATION PHASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; FASTING CONDITIONS; 6-MONTH REGIMEN; RIFAMPIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; PYRAZINAMIDE; ANTACIDS; MICE AB To understand why once-weekly isoniazid/rifapentine therapy for tuberculosis was less effective than twice-weekly isoniazid/rifampin, we studied human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients with either failure (n = 4), relapse (n = 35), or cure (n = 94), recruited from a comparative treatment trial. In multivariate analyses that were adjusted for severity of disease, low plasma concentrations of isoniazid were associated with failure/relapse with once-weekly isoniazid/rifapentine (median isoniazid area under the concentration-time curve for 12 hours after the dose [AUCO(0-12)] was 36 mug (.) hour/ml in failure/relapse versus 56 mug - hour/ml in control cases p = 0.005), but not with twice-weekly isoniazid/rifampin. Furthermore, two patients who relapsed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis monoresistant to rifamycin had very low concentrations of isoniazid. Finally, isoniazid acetylator status determined by N-acetyltransferase type 2 genotype was associated with outcome with once-weekly isoniazid/rifapentine (p = 0.03) but not twice-weekly isoniazid/rifampin. No rifamycin pharmacokinetic parameter was consistently and significantly associated with outcome (p > 0.10). Because low isoniazid concentrations were associated with failure/ relapse, a drug with consistently greater area under the concentration-time curve than isoniazid may be needed to achieve highly active once-weekly therapy with rifapentine. C1 S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Dept Med 111F, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver Publ Hlth & Dept Med, Ctr Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Pharm, Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20037 USA. VAMC, Washington, DC USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Weiner, M (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Dept Med 111F, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00827, M01-RR-01346] NR 27 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 167 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1347 DI 10.1164/rccm.200208-951OC PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 678HV UT WOS:000182862100012 PM 12531776 ER PT J AU Goodman, MT Howe, HL Tung, KH Hotes, J Miller, BA Coughlin, SS Chen, VW AF Goodman, MT Howe, HL Tung, KH Hotes, J Miller, BA Coughlin, SS Chen, VW TI Incidence of ovarian cancer by race and ethnicity in the United States, 1992-1997 SO CANCER LA English DT Article ID COLLABORATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; HYSTERECTOMY; CARCINOMA; TUMORS AB Supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under cooperative agreement U75/CCU515998 and contract N01-PC-25005 from the National Cancer Institute. The authors appreciate the in-kind support from all the contributors to this supplement and also are grateful for the contributions of David Roney and Andrew Lake of Information Management Services (IMS), Inc. for the computer support required for the preparation of analytic files and to the National Cancer Institute for providing support for these computer services. Address for correspondence: Holly L. Howe, Ph.D., North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, 2121 W. White Oaks Drive, Springfield, IL 62704-6495; Fax: (217) 698-0188; E-mail: hhowe@naaccr.org Received March 18, 2002; revision received September 25, 2002; accepted January 15, 2003. *This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Louisiana Tumor Registry, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Howe, HL (reprint author), N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, 2121 W White Oaks Dr, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-25005]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U75/CCU515998] NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 97 IS 10 SU S BP 2676 EP + DI 10.1002/cncr.11349 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 675VG UT WOS:000182716500006 PM 12733132 ER PT J AU Howe, HL Tung, KH Coughlin, S Jean-Baptiste, R Hotes, J AF Howe, HL Tung, KH Coughlin, S Jean-Baptiste, R Hotes, J TI Race/ethnic variations in ovarian cancer mortality in the United States, 1992-1997 SO CANCER LA English DT Article ID DATA-BASE REPORT; TRENDS; WOMEN; STATISTICS; NATION; DEATH; US AB Supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under cooperative agreement U75/CCU515998. The authors appreciate the in-kind support from all the contributors to this supplement and also are grateful for the contributions of David Roney and Andrew Lake of Information Management Services (IMS), Inc. for the computer support required for the preparation of analytic files and to the National Cancer Institute for providing support for these computer services. Address for correspondence: Holly L, Howe, Ph.D., North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, 2121 W. White Oaks Drive, Springfield, IL 62704-6495; Fax: (217) 698-0188; E-mail: hhowe@naaccr.org Received March 18, 2002; revision received September 25, 2002; accepted January 15, 2003. *This article is a US Government work and, as coded on the death files in Connecticut, Louisiana, New Hampshire, such, is in-the public domain in the United States and Oklahoma. Therefore, the data from these states were omitted of America. C1 N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Howe, HL (reprint author), N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, 2121 W White Oaks Dr, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U75/CCU515998] NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 97 IS 10 SU S BP 2686 EP + DI 10.1002/cncr.11350 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 675VG UT WOS:000182716500007 PM 12733133 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Tung, KH Hotes, J Logan, P AF Hall, HI Tung, KH Hotes, J Logan, P TI Regional variations in ovarian cancer incidence in the United States, 1992-1997 SO CANCER LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY-RATES; US WOMEN; STERILIZATION; OOPHORECTOMY; HYSTERECTOMY; BREAST AB International comparisons have demonstrated high incidence rates of ovarian cancer among white females in Northern and Western Europe and in North America. To the authors' knowledge, few data are available regarding the geographic variation in the incidence of ovarian cancer within the U.S. The current study was conducted to evaluate variations in incidence rates for ovarian cancer within four U.S. regions from 1992 to 1997. C1 N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, 2121 W White Oaks Dr, Springfield, IL 62704 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U75/CCU515998] NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 97 IS 10 SU S BP 2701 EP + DI 10.1002/cncr.11352 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 675VG UT WOS:000182716500009 PM 12733135 ER PT J AU McElroy, PD Southwick, KL Fortenberry, ER Levine, EC Diem, LA Woodley, CL Williams, PM McCarthy, KD Ridzon, R Leone, PA AF McElroy, PD Southwick, KL Fortenberry, ER Levine, EC Diem, LA Woodley, CL Williams, PM McCarthy, KD Ridzon, R Leone, PA TI Outbreak of tuberculosis among homeless persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SOCIAL NETWORK; TRANSMISSION; SHELTER; COMMUNITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION AB We investigated a cluster of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in North Carolina and determined the extent of transmission of 1 strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Homeless shelter attendance and medical records for 1999 and 2000 were reviewed. The period of exposure to M. tuberculosis was determined, and shelter residents were offered TB screening. DNA fingerprinting was performed on 72 M. tuberculosis isolates. In addition to the initial index cluster of 9 patients, another 16 patients were identified. Isolates of M. tuberculosis from all 25 patients shared a matching DNA fingerprint pattern. All but 1 patient was male, 22 (88%) were African American, and 14 (56%) were human immunodeficiency virus-infected. An epidemiological link to a single shelter was identified for all but 1 patient. Earlier recognition of this shelter as a site of M. tuberculosis transmission could have been facilitated through innovative approaches to contact investigation and through genetic typing of isolates. C1 CDCP, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wake Cty Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina Lab Publ Hlth, Mycobacteriol Sect, Raleigh, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP McElroy, PD (reprint author), CDCP, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1305 EP 1312 DI 10.1086/374836 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 678MZ UT WOS:000182872200016 PM 12746777 ER PT J AU Dolan-Livengood, JM Miller, YK Martin, LE Urwin, R Stephens, DS AF Dolan-Livengood, JM Miller, YK Martin, LE Urwin, R Stephens, DS TI Genetic basis for nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference CY NOV 12-17, 2000 CL GALVERSTON, TEXAS ID POLYSIALIC ACID CAPSULE; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; D-MANNO-HEPTOSE; PHASE VARIATION; SIALIC-ACID; SEROGROUP-B; DNA-SEQUENCE; INTERSPECIES RECOMBINATION; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE AB Nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis may constitute one-third or more of meningococcal isolates recovered from the nasopharynx of human carriers. The genetic basis for nongroupability was determined in isolates obtained from a population-based study in which 60 (30.9%) of 194 meningococcal isolates from asymptomatic carriers were not groupable. Forty-two percent of nongroupable isolates were related to serogroup Y ET-508/ ST-23 clonal complex strains, the most common groupable carrier isolate from the study population. Nongroupable isolates were all rapidly killed by 10% normal human serum. The capsule loci of 6 of the ET-508/ ST-23 complex strains and of 25 other genetically diverse nongroupable meningococci were studied in detail. Serogroup A or novel capsule biosynthesis genes were not found. Nongroupable isolates were genetically serogroup Y, B, or C isolates that did not express capsule but were related to groupable isolates found in the population ( class I); capsule deficient because of insertion element-associated deletions of capsule biosynthesis genes (class II); or isolates that lacked all capsule genes and formed a distinct genetic cluster not associated with meningococcal disease (class III). C1 Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Labs Microbial Pathogenesis, Decatur, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Stephens, DS (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Ste H-153,1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-40247] NR 70 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 10 BP 1616 EP 1628 DI 10.1086/374740 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HA UT WOS:000182573600013 PM 12721942 ER PT J AU Bellini, WJ Helfand, RF AF Bellini, WJ Helfand, RF TI The challenges and strategies for laboratory diagnosis of measles in an international setting SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; COMMERCIAL ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; FILTER-PAPER BLOOD; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; PLAQUE NEUTRALIZATION; WHOLE-BLOOD; ORAL FLUID; HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODY DETECTION AB Serum-based measles-specific IgM EIAs are the recommended laboratory assays for diagnosis of acute measles infections and appear to be sufficient for measles control programs. However, serum samples are not ideal for molecular characterization of measles virus. Although neither laboratory nor field-based diagnostic tests that rival the EIAs have been developed, laboratory surveillance could be improved if specimen collection were simplified. Ideally the collection method should be noninvasive, have no requirement for a cold chain, and/or have no requirement for technically sophisticated equipment. Two alternative specimen collection technologies appear promising and can be used for both diagnostics and for collecting pertinent genotyping information: oral fluid and filter paper collection methods. These methods are compared along with their respective utilities in supporting measles diagnosis and strain surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bellini, WJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S283 EP S290 DI 10.1086/368040 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700044 PM 12721927 ER PT J AU Bino, S Kakarriqi, E Xibinaku, M Ion-Nedelcu, N Bukli, M Emiroglu, N Uzicanin, A AF Bino, S Kakarriqi, E Xibinaku, M Ion-Nedelcu, N Bukli, M Emiroglu, N Uzicanin, A TI Measles-rubella mass immunization campaign in Albania, November 2000 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 2000, Albania resolved to eliminate measles by 2007 by use of a four-step program: by conducting a "catchup" vaccination campaign for all children aged 1-14 years, achieving and sustaining high coverage (greater than or equal to95%) among children aged 1 year with the first dose of a measles-containing vaccine, by introducing a routine second dose of measles-containing vaccine for children at age 5 years, and by improving measles surveillance. This catch-up campaign took place in November 2000: 867,000 doses of measles-rubella vaccine were administered for an estimated coverage of 99%. In all, 231 campaign-related adverse events were reported: syncope, 206; allergic reactions, 10; fever, 8; encephalitis/encephalopathy, 2; and aseptic meningitis, seizures, Guillain-Barre syndrome, anaphylaxis, and arthralgia, 1 each. All resolved without sequelae. This report describes the status of measles and rubella/congenital rubella syndrome control in Albania before 2000 and reports on implementation of the catch-up campaign. C1 Inst Publ Hlth, Tirana, Albania. Amer Red Cross Delegat, Tirana, Albania. United Nations Childrens Fund Off, Tirana, Albania. WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uzicanin, A (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S223 EP S229 DI 10.1086/368055 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700034 PM 12721917 ER PT J AU Bosu, WK Essel-Ahun, M Adjei, S Strebel, P AF Bosu, WK Essel-Ahun, M Adjei, S Strebel, P TI Progress in the control of measles in Ghana, 1980-2000 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB By review of available literature, routine surveillance data, coverage surveys, and hospital records, measles control in Ghana was assessed since vaccinations began in 1978. Nationally, measles vaccination coverage increased from 24% in 1980 to 84% in 2000. This achievement is attributed to health sector reforms that included a higher district share of the total recurrent health budget from 20% in 1996 to 42% in 1999. The budget reallocation resulted in improved access to immunization services, supply procurement, transport management, staff motivation, and information flow. On the client side, the age of the child, socioeconomic status of parents, and type of prenatal care were associated with vaccination coverage. Routine vaccination coverage of 180% has resulted in lower measles incidence, a longer interepidemic interval, and a shift in cases to older children. Ghana recently developed a strategic plan to reduce measles deaths to near zero. C1 GHS MOH, Expanded Programm Immunizat, Dis Control Unit, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana. Ghana Hlth Serv, Reg Hlth Directorate, Cape Coast, Ghana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Measles Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Essel-Ahun, M (reprint author), GHS MOH, Expanded Programm Immunizat, Dis Control Unit, POB KB 493, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S44 EP S50 DI 10.1086/368056 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700007 PM 12721890 ER PT J AU Castillo-Solorzano, C Carrasco, P Tambini, G Reef, S Brana, M de Quadros, CA AF Castillo-Solorzano, C Carrasco, P Tambini, G Reef, S Brana, M de Quadros, CA TI New horizons in the control of rubella and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome in the Americas SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Data from the regional measles surveillance system have documented widespread rubella virus circulation in many different countries in the Americas. In response to the ongoing endemic incidence of the disease and the potential for a major rubella epidemics in the region, the Pan American Health Organization Technical Advisory Group on Vaccine Preventable Diseases recommended the implementation of a regional initiative to strengthen rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) preventive efforts in 1997. This article summarizes and highlights the progress toward accelerated rubella control and CRS prevention in the English-speaking Caribbean and in Chile, Costa Rica, and Brazil. Useful knowledge is being generated for the adaptation of similar rubella strategies elsewhere. The findings also document the feasibility of implementing the recommended strategies and their rapid impact on disease burden. C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Castillo-Solorzano, C (reprint author), 525 23rd St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 13 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S146 EP S152 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700023 PM 12721906 ER PT J AU Dadgar, N Ansari, A Naleo, T Brennan, M Salama, P Sadozai, N Golaz, A Lievano, F Jafari, H Mubarak, M Hoekstra, E Paganini, A Feroz, F AF Dadgar, N Ansari, A Naleo, T Brennan, M Salama, P Sadozai, N Golaz, A Lievano, F Jafari, H Mubarak, M Hoekstra, E Paganini, A Feroz, F TI Implementation of a mass measles campaign in central Afghanistan, December 2001 to May 2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MALNUTRITION; MORTALITY AB In Afghanistan health services have been disrupted by 23 years of conflict and 1 of 4 children die before age 5 years. Measles accounts for an estimated 35,000 deaths annually. Surveillance data show a high proportion of measles cases (38%) among those greater than or equal to5 years old. In areas with complex emergencies, measles vaccination is recommended for those aged 6 months to 12-15 years. From December 2001 to May 2002, Afghan authorities and national and international organizations targeted 1,748,829 children aged 6 months to 12 years in five provinces in central Afghanistan for measles vaccinations. Two provinces reported coverage of >90% and two >80%. Coverage in Kabul city was 62%. A subsequent cluster survey in the city found 91% coverage (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-0.91) among children 6-59 months and 88% (95% CI, 0.87-0.95) among those 5-12 years old. Thus, this campaign achieved acceptable coverage despite considerable obstacles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UNICEF, Afghanistan Country Off, Kabul, Afghanistan. WHO, Country Off, Kabul, Afghanistan. Islam Transit Govt Afghanistan, Minist Publ Hlth, Kabul, Afghanistan. UNICEF, Reg Off S Asia, Kathmandu, Nepal. UNICEF, New York, NY USA. RP Brennan, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S186 EP S190 DI 10.1086/368335 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700029 PM 12721912 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Zimmerman, L Shteinke, L Kasymbekova, K Uzicanin, Z Strebel, P Reef, S AF Dayan, GH Zimmerman, L Shteinke, L Kasymbekova, K Uzicanin, Z Strebel, P Reef, S TI Investigation of a rubella outbreak in Kyrgyzstan in 2001: Implications for an integrated approach to measles elimination and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB In 1999, the Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan adopted the goal of measles elimination. This opportunity was used to launch a rubella and congenital rubella syndrome prevention program. Between January and August 2001, a rubella outbreak occurred in Bishkek City and Chui Oblast. Rubella surveillance data were reviewed for Kyrgyzstan (1981-2000) and rubella case-patient and laboratory information from Bishkek City and Chui Oblast during the outbreak. The data suggest that rubella is endemic in Kyrgyzstan with periodic epidemics every 3-5 years. From January to August 2001, 1936 rubella case-patients were reported from Bishkek City and Chui Oblast; 242 were tested and 176 (73%) were laboratory confirmed. Most case-patients were 3-14 years old. However, the incidence rate per 100,000 among persons aged 15-35 years increased greater than or equal to40-fold from 1 in 2000 to 41 in 2001. These findings highlight the importance of introducing rubella-containing vaccine in conjunction with measles elimination activities. C1 CDCP, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Natl Virol Lab, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), CDCP, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S235 EP S240 DI 10.1086/368037 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700036 PM 12721919 ER PT J AU Gaafar, T Moshni, E Lievano, F AF Gaafar, T Moshni, E Lievano, F TI The challenge of achieving measles elimination in the Eastern Mediterranean Region by 2010 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC; VACCINE AB In 1997, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of the World Health Organization adopted a resolution to eliminate measles by 2010. Of the 23 EMR member countries, 18 are polio-free and are building on this success to eliminate measles. The 5 countries where polio remains endemic are prioritizing polio eradication and working to improve measles control. Measles incidence has been reduced from 193/100,000 in 1981 to 6.8/100,000 in 2001. Supplemental vaccination campaigns for measles have been conducted since 1994 in 14 of the 18 polio-free countries. More than 50 million children have been immunized in these supplemental activities. However, in Afghanistan, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, and Pakistan, where 34% of the EMR population live, routine vaccination coverage for measles remains below 60% and measles deaths are estimated at 81,000 annually among children <5 years old. Significant resources must be allocated to these last 5 countries to achieve regional measles elimination by 2010. C1 WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Global Measles Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lievano, F (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S164 EP S171 DI 10.1086/368035 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700026 PM 12721909 ER PT J AU Garbouj, M Slim, A Ben Ghorbal, M Khamassi, S Gaafar, T Moshni, E Lievano, F AF Garbouj, M Slim, A Ben Ghorbal, M Khamassi, S Gaafar, T Moshni, E Lievano, F TI Progress toward interruption of endemic measles transmission in Tunisia SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Measles was the second leading cause of infant mortality in Tunisia prior to introduction of measles vaccination in 1979. The number of reported measles cases has decreased from 3007 in 1981 to 47 cases in 2000 due in part to the high coverage rates achieved after 1992. During 1998, a measles catch-up campaign vaccinated 1,846,657 children (95%) aged 6-16 years, and a follow-up campaign for children aged 9 months to 5 years in 2001 reached 547,766 (94%). During 1999-2001, 1717 cases of rash and fever illness were tested for measles; only 3 (0.2%) were positive for measles. From February to July 2002, an outbreak of measles involving 87 cases occurred in Tunisia in a health care setting and 56 (64%) patients were aged 15-30 years. The low number of laboratory-confirmed measles cases during 1999-2001 suggests endemic measles transmission may have been interrupted. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Expanded Program Immunizat, Tunis, Tunisia. Charles Nicolle Hosp, Virol Lab, Tunis, Tunisia. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Global Measles Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lievano, F (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S172 EP S176 DI 10.1086/368050 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700027 PM 12721910 ER PT J AU Henao-Restrepo, AM Strebel, P Hoekstra, EJ Birmingham, M Bilous, J AF Henao-Restrepo, AM Strebel, P Hoekstra, EJ Birmingham, M Bilous, J TI Experience in global measles control, 1990-2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN AFRICA; ELIMINATION; AMERICA AB Worldwide during the 1980s remarkable progress was made in controlling measles through increasing routine measles vaccination to nearly 80%. In 2000, an estimated 777,000 measles deaths occurred, of which 452,000 were in the African Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2001, WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund published a 5-year strategic plan to reduce measles mortality by half by 2005. Strategies include providing a second opportunity for measles immunization to all children through nationwide supplementary immunization activities, increasing routine vaccination coverage, and improving surveillance with laboratory confirmation of suspected measles cases. In 2000, over 100 million children received a dose of measles vaccine through supplementary immunization activities, a number projected to increase during 2002-2005. Current systems for monitoring measles vaccination coverage and disease burden must be improved to accurately assess progress toward measles control goals. C1 WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1292 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, CH-1292 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Measles Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. UN Childrens Fund, Global Measles Programme, Hlth Sect, Progamme Div, New York, NY USA. RP Henao-Restrepo, AM (reprint author), WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, 20 Ave appia, CH-1292 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S15 EP S21 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700003 PM 12721887 ER PT J AU Kambire, C Konde, MK Yameogo, A Tiendrebeogo, SRM Ouedraogo, RT Otten, MW Cairns, KL Zuber, PLF AF Kambire, C Konde, MK Yameogo, A Tiendrebeogo, SRM Ouedraogo, RT Otten, MW Cairns, KL Zuber, PLF TI Measles incidence before and after mass vaccination campaigns in Burkina Faso SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Burkina Faso conducted mass measles vaccination campaigns among children aged 9 months to 4 years during December 1998 and December 1999. The 1998 campaign was limited to six cities and towns, while the 1999 campaign was nationwide. The last year of explosive measles activity in Burkina Faso was 1996. Measles surveillance data suggest that the 1998 urban campaigns did not significantly impact measles incidence. After the 1999 national campaign, the total case count decreased during 2000 and 2001. However, 68% of measles cases occurred among children aged 5 years or older who were not included in the mass vaccination strategy. During 2000 and 2001, areas with high measles incidence were characterized by low population density and presence of mobile and poor populations. Measles control strategies in Sahelian Africa must balance incomplete impact on virus circulation with cost of more aggressive strategies that include older age groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Directorate Prevent Med, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Natl Univ Hosp Ctr, Biol Lab Unit, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. WHO, Vaccine Preventable Dis Unit, Div Dis Control, Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Zuber, PLF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S80 EP S85 DI 10.1086/368043 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700013 PM 12721896 ER PT J AU Kamugisha, C Cairns, KL Akim, C AF Kamugisha, C Cairns, KL Akim, C TI An outbreak of measles in Tanzanian refugee camps SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB From March 2000 to May 2001, four camps in Kibondo District, Tanzania, hosting refugees from Burundi reported 1062 cases of measles, a highly infectious and potentially lethal disease. Of 1062 case-patients, 225 (21%) were <9 months old, 286 (27%) were 9 months to 5 years, 324 (31%) were 6-15 years, and 227 ( 21%) were &GE;16 years old. No deaths were reported. Although, in accordance with Sphere Project guidelines for humanitarian emergencies, camp policy was to vaccinate all new arrivals aged 6 months to 15 years against measles, 152 (72%) of 210 newly arrived refugees in this age group were unvaccinated; 143 (94%) of the 152 had lived in the camp &GE;1 month before rash onset. This investigation supports Sphere Project recommendations for wide age group vaccination and suggests that in some circumstances vaccination of refugees >15 years old may be beneficial. C1 WHO, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Minist Hlth, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kamugisha, C (reprint author), WHO, POB 9292, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S58 EP S62 DI 10.1086/368057 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700009 PM 12721892 ER PT J AU Kohler, KA Suleiman, AJM Robertson, SE Malankar, P Al-Khusaiby, S Helfand, RF Brown, D Bellini, WJ Sutter, RW AF Kohler, KA Suleiman, AJM Robertson, SE Malankar, P Al-Khusaiby, S Helfand, RF Brown, D Bellini, WJ Sutter, RW TI Immunogenicity of measles and rubella vaccines in Oman: A prospective clinical trial SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; VACCINATION SCHEDULES; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; TRIVALENT MEASLES; INFANTS; CHILDREN; ANTIBODY; MUMPS; AGE; IMMUNIZATION AB A prospective immunogenicity trial of measles and rubella vaccines was conducted in Oman. Children received measles vaccine at age 9 months and measles-rubella vaccine at age 15 months. Serum specimens were tested for measles-specific IgG and rubella-specific IgG. Of 1025 eligible infants, 881 (86.0%) returned for all five visits and had adequate serum samples for testing. Seroconversion to measles after vaccination at 9 months was 98.1%. At 15 months, 47 (5.3%) of the 881 children were seronegative for measles; of these, 44 (93.6%) seroconverted. At 16 months, 99% of the children seronegative at age 9 months seroconverted after receiving two doses of measles vaccine. At age 15 months, 684 (77.6%) children were seronegative for rubella. Of these, 676 (98.8%) seroconverted by age 16 months. One dose of measles vaccine at age 9 months was highly immunogenic. One dose of measles-rubella vaccine at age 15 months closed the remaining measles immunogenicity gap and resulted in a high rate of rubella seroconversion. C1 CDCP, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Muscat, Oman. Royal Hosp, Muscat, Oman. WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, Enter Resp & Neurol Virus Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. RP Kohler, KA (reprint author), CDCP, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S177 EP S185 DI 10.1086/368048 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700028 PM 12721911 ER PT J AU McFarland, JW Mansoor, OD Yang, BP AF McFarland, JW Mansoor, OD Yang, BP TI Accelerated measles control in the Western Pacific Region SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB By the 1990s, an immunization program in the western Pacific had dramatically reduced measles morbidity and mortality. Building on the region's successful elimination of polio, several countries and areas achieved or are close to measles elimination, thus showing the potential for global eradication. The diverse challenges for measles control in different parts of the region have produced lessons that will help with future control, including the need for surveillance of sufficient standard to guide and monitor progress. A group of experts recognized both the potential and the challenges of the measles immunization program and proposed regional elimination as the appropriate disease control target for the region. No date was recommended for its achievement. If progress continues at the present rate, the western Pacific region should soon be able to set a target date for measles elimination. C1 WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Manila, Philippines. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McFarland, JW (reprint author), WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, POB 2932, Manila, Philippines. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S246 EP S251 DI 10.1086/368039 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700038 PM 12721921 ER PT J AU Morice, A Carvajal, X Leon, M Machado, V Badilla, X Reef, S Lievano, F Depetris, A Castillo-Solorzano, C AF Morice, A Carvajal, X Leon, M Machado, V Badilla, X Reef, S Lievano, F Depetris, A Castillo-Solorzano, C TI Accelerated rubella control and congenital rubella syndrome prevention strengthen measles eradication: The Costa Rican experience SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 2000, Costa Rica set a goal for accelerated rubella control and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) prevention in conjunction with its established measles eradication goal. To achieve this goal, a National Plan of Action for the integration of a measles-rubella (MR) vaccination strategy was implemented. The components of the national plan included conducting a national vaccination campaign with a single dose of MR vaccine for men and women aged 15-39 years, establishing routine postpartum MR vaccination of all previously unvaccinated women, maintaining high coverage among children with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, strengthening the integrated measles and rubella surveillance system, and developing a CRS surveillance system. This report summarizes the results of a successful adult campaign. Targeting MR vaccination appropriately and using the opportunity to strengthen surveillance for rash illness has benefits beyond accelerated rubella control and CRS prevention, including strengthening of the measles eradication program. C1 Minist Hlth, San Jose, Costa Rica. Social Secur Adm Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. Pan Amer Hlth Org, San Jose, Costa Rica. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Castillo-Solorzano, C (reprint author), 525 23rd St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S158 EP S163 DI 10.1086/368053 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700025 PM 12721908 ER PT J AU Munyoro, MN Kufa, E Biellik, R Pazvakavambwa, IE Cairns, KL AF Munyoro, MN Kufa, E Biellik, R Pazvakavambwa, IE Cairns, KL TI Impact of nationwide measles vaccination campaign among children aged 9 months to 14 years, Zimbabwe, 1998-2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; GUINEA-BISSAU; ELIMINATION; ERADICATION; AFRICA AB Zimbabwe (population 11,365,000) introduced nationwide one-dose measles vaccination in 1981. This strategy reached 70%-80% of infants <1 year of age over the next two decades; in 1998, a nationwide supplemental immunization activity (SIA) targeting all children aged 9 months to 14 years achieved 93% coverage. Surveillance data were examined to determine the impact of these strategies. During 1985-1997, there were 8529-49,812 measles cases annually. After the SIA, laboratory confirmation of the first 5 outbreak cases and all sporadic cases was required. In 1999 and 2000, 1343 (88%) of 1534 suspected cases had adequate specimens submitted and 28 (2%) were measles IgM positive. In 2001, of 529 suspected cases, 513 (97%) had adequate specimens and only 7 (1%) were measles IgM positive. These data suggest that indigenous measles transmission in Zimbabwe has been interrupted and that high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity does not hinder vaccination-induced measles control. High vaccination coverage obtained through the routine health care system supplemented by periodic follow-up SIAs will be required to maintain low transmission levels. C1 WHO, Expanded Programm Immunizat, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Harare, Zimbabwe. WHO, So African Reg Off, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Measles Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Munyoro, MN (reprint author), WHO, Expanded Programm Immunizat, POB 5160, Harare, Zimbabwe. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S91 EP S96 DI 10.1086/368116 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700015 PM 12721898 ER PT J AU Pistol, A Hennessey, K Pitigoi, D Ion-Nedelcu, N Lupulescu, E Walls, L Bellini, W Strebel, P AF Pistol, A Hennessey, K Pitigoi, D Ion-Nedelcu, N Lupulescu, E Walls, L Bellini, W Strebel, P TI Progress toward measles elimination in Romania after a mass vaccination campaign and implementation of enhanced measles surveillance SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL POPULATION; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK AB In response to an outbreak of >33,000 measles cases in 1996-1998 and to prevent an outbreak predicted for 2002, Romania conducted a nationwide measles-rubella vaccination campaign in October 1998. Some 2.1 million children aged 7-18 years were vaccinated. Data from national surveillance and seroprevalence studies conducted in three districts were used to assess the campaign and status of measles control. Surveillance data showed a dramatic drop in measles despite enhanced surveillance starting in October 1999. From October 1999 to December 2001, 400 suspected measles cases were reported, down from about 5000 cases annually in non-outbreak years. Only 29 (8%) of 386 cases with specimens were laboratory confirmed; 14 were clinically confirmed. Seroprevalence estimates showed high measles antibody levels before (92.9%) and after (94.4%) the campaign. The low number of laboratory-confirmed cases and high population immunity suggest that interruption of indigenous measles virus transmission is a real possibility for Romania. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div E05, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Immunizat Program, Gen Dept Publ Hlth, Bucharest, Romania. Dept Hlth Publ Hlth Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Cantacuzino Inst, Influenza Sect, Bucharest, Romania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hennessey, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div E05, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S217 EP S222 DI 10.1086/368228 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700033 PM 12721916 ER PT J AU Pless, RP Bentsi-Enchill, AD Duclos, P AF Pless, RP Bentsi-Enchill, AD Duclos, P TI Monitoring vaccine safety during measles mass immunization campaigns: Clinical and programmatic issues SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE EVENTS; SURVEILLANCE AB In the planning and implementation of mass immunization campaigns, vaccine delivery has always been a priority. However, safety issues have gained increasingly more attention and grown in importance, and campaign planners must now take them into prime consideration. The World Health Organization has released guidelines to assist with the design and implementation of safety surveillance systems, primarily for developing countries, and these include a new monograph for measles mass campaigns. Experience in the past decade with mass campaigns (primarily in developed countries) shows that measles vaccine performs in these settings as anticipated from pre- and post-licensure studies. Serious adverse events are rare, even under the increased scrutiny extended during a campaign. The experience in developing country settings is growing. The implementation of safety surveillance for mass campaigns offers a unique opportunity for countries to avoid crisis situations and to begin vaccine safety monitoring in routine immunization programs. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Pless, RP (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Div Immunizat & Resp Dis,Immunizat Safety Unit, Tunneys Pasture PL 0603E1, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S291 EP S298 DI 10.1086/368049 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700045 PM 12721928 ER PT J AU Prevots, DR Parise, MS Segatto, TCV Siqueira, MM dos Santos, ED Ganter, B Perreira, MCCQ Domingues, CA Lanzieri, T da Silva, JB AF Prevots, DR Parise, MS Segatto, TCV Siqueira, MM dos Santos, ED Ganter, B Perreira, MCCQ Domingues, CA Lanzieri, T da Silva, JB TI Interruption of measles transmission in Brazil, 2000-2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIC; VIRUSES; VACCINE; AMERICA; STATES; EIA AB In 1992, Brazil adopted the goal of measles elimination by the year 2000; however, in 1997, after a 4-year period of good control, there was a resurgence of measles in Brazil. In 1999, to achieve the elimination goal, Brazil implemented the Supplementary Emergency Measles Action plan, with one measles surveillance technician designated to each state. Of 10,007 suspected measles cases reported during 1999, 908 (9.1%) were confirmed, and of them 378 (42%) were confirmed by laboratory analysis. Of 8358 suspected measles cases reported in 2000, 36 (0.4%) were confirmed (30 [83%] by laboratory); 92% of the discarded cases were classified on the basis of laboratory testing. In 2001, only 1 of 5599 suspected measles cases was confirmed, and it was an imported case from Japan. The last outbreak occurred in February 2000, with 15 cases. Current data suggest interruption of indigenous measles transmission in Brazil. C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Minist Saude, Ctr Nacl Epidemiol, Fundacao Nacl Saude, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Prevots, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-05,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S111 EP S120 DI 10.1086/368030 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700018 PM 12721901 ER PT J AU Rota, PA Bellini, WJ AF Rota, PA Bellini, WJ TI Update on the global distribution of genotypes of wild type measles viruses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Virology CY JUL 21-25, 2001 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN SP Amer Soc Virol ID FILTER-PAPER BLOOD; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; VACCINE STRAINS; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; HEMAGGLUTININ AB Molecular characterization of measles viruses is an important component of measles surveillance because these studies enhance our ability to identify the source and transmission pathways of the virus. Molecular surveillance is most beneficial when it is possible to observe the change in virus genotypes over time in a particular region. Such information can help to document the interruption of transmission of measles virus and thus provide an important method for assessing the effectiveness of vaccination programs. It is recommended that virus surveillance be conducted during all phases of measles control and be expanded to give an accurate description of the global distribution of measles genotypes. This review provides updated information on the circulation patterns of measles genotypes and examples of the utility of virologic surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-C22,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 64 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S270 EP S276 DI 10.1086/368042 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700042 PM 12721925 ER PT J AU Stein, CE Birmingham, M Kurian, M Duclos, P Strebel, P AF Stein, CE Birmingham, M Kurian, M Duclos, P Strebel, P TI The global burden of measles in the year 2000 - A model that uses country-specific indicators SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Child-Health-Epidemiology-Reference-Group CY FEB, 2002 CL GEX, FRANCE SP Child Hlth Epidemiol Reference Grp ID VACCINATION PROGRAMS; IMMUNIZATION; EFFICIENCY; RUBELLA; DESIGN; MUMPS; AGE AB The estimation of the global burden of measles is challenging in the absence of reliable and comparable surveillance systems worldwide. A static model is described that enables estimation of measles morbidity, mortality, and disability for the year 2000 on the basis of country-specific information (i.e., demographic profile, vaccine coverage, and estimates of case-fatality ratios). This approach estimated a global incidence of 39.9 million measles cases, 777,000 deaths, and 28 million disability-adjusted life years. The World Health Organization regions of Africa and Southeast Asia had 70% of incident cases and 84% of measles-related deaths; 11 countries alone (Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia, Uganda) account for 66% of deaths. This approach quantifies the measles burden by considering country-specific indicators, which can be updated, permitting an assessment of country, regional, and global changes in the burden associated with measles infection. C1 WHO, Global Programme Evidence Hlth Policy, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Immunizat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stein, CE (reprint author), WHO, Global Programme Evidence Hlth Policy, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 28 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S8 EP S14 DI 10.1086/368114 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700002 PM 12721886 ER PT J AU Strebel, P Cochi, S Grabowsky, M Bilous, J Hersh, BS Okwo-Bele, JM Hoekstra, E Wright, P Katz, S AF Strebel, P Cochi, S Grabowsky, M Bilous, J Hersh, BS Okwo-Bele, JM Hoekstra, E Wright, P Katz, S TI The unfinished measles immunization agenda SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN AFRICA; ELIMINATION; DISEASES; AMERICA AB Despite achieving and sustaining global measles vaccination coverage of about 80% over the past decade, worldwide measles remains the fifth leading cause of mortality among children aged <5 years. In May 2002, the United Nations Special Session on Children endorsed the goal of reducing measles deaths by half by 2005. Countries and World Health Organization (WHO) regions that adopted aggressive measles control or elimination strategies have shown excellent results. In 2001, countries in the Americas reported an all time low of 537 confirmed measles cases. Substantial progress in measles control has also been achieved in the WHO Western Pacific Region, in seven southern African countries, and in selected countries in WHO European, Eastern Mediterranean, and Southeast Asian regions. The ongoing measles disease burden and availability of safe and effective measles mortality reduction strategies make a compelling case to complete the unfinished agenda of measles immunization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Red Cross, Int Serv, Washington, DC USA. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. UN Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Strebel, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, MS E-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S1 EP S7 DI 10.1086/368226 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700001 PM 12721885 ER PT J AU Venczel, L Rota, J Dietz, V Morris-Glasgow, V Siqueira, M Quirogz, E Rey, G de Quadros, C AF Venczel, L Rota, J Dietz, V Morris-Glasgow, V Siqueira, M Quirogz, E Rey, G de Quadros, C TI The Measles Laboratory Network in the region of the Americas SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; VIRUS; IGM; EIA AB The success of measles eradication depends upon a laboratory network to rapidly analyze samples obtained as part of surveillance and case investigation. The Pan American Measles Laboratory Network was established in 1995. Major activities of the 22 participating laboratories include the rapid testing of serum samples to diagnose measles, analysis and recommendation of techniques to be used in serologic testing, training in virus isolation, and procurement and distribution of laboratory materials. In addition, a comprehensive quality-control program and an electronic communication network have been developed. Testing for rubella has also been incorporated. The Network has been crucial to the great progress made toward eradicating measles from the Western Hemisphere. The priority given to the laboratories in the Network must continue in order to ensure that the eradication goal is reached and that validation of the interruption of endemic transmission of measles is documented. C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr, Port Au Spain, Trinid & Tobago. Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama. Natl Inst Hlth, Bogota, Colombia. RP Venczel, L (reprint author), OPS OMS, Calle Victor Sanjines 2678,Plaza Espana, La Paz, Bolivia. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S140 EP S145 DI 10.1086/368033 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700022 PM 12721905 ER PT J AU Wang, LX Zeng, G Lee, LA Yang, ZW Yu, JJ Zhou, J Liang, XF Xu, C Bai, HQ AF Wang, LX Zeng, G Lee, LA Yang, ZW Yu, JJ Zhou, J Liang, XF Xu, C Bai, HQ TI Progress in accelerated measles control in the People's Republic of China, 1991-2000 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Measles incidence decreased dramatically following widespread use of measles vaccine in China in 1965. To evaluate continued progress in accelerated measles control, data on measles cases reported to the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System during 1991 to 2000 were analyzed. From 1991-1995 to 1996-2000, average annual measles incidence decreased from 9.0 to 5.7 cases per 100,000 population, mortality rates fell from <0.3 to 0.1 deaths per million population, and the percentage of China's total population residing in provinces with a measles incidence of <2 cases per 100,000 population and having a measles elimination goal increased from 21% to 29%. Incidence rates were highest in western provinces and in infants and young children. Additional attention must be focused on western provinces and toward ensuring that all infants are immunized. Achieving high routine two-dose coverage with measles vaccine and enforcing school entry requirements may be highly effective strategies to support further gains in measles control. C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. WHO, Beijing, Peoples R China. Minist Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, LX (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 27 Nan Wei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S252 EP S257 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700039 ER PT J AU Xu, ZQ Feng, ZJ Xu, WB Wang, LX Guo, WS Xu, Q Su, HJ Lee, LA Liang, XF AF Xu, ZQ Feng, ZJ Xu, WB Wang, LX Guo, WS Xu, Q Su, HJ Lee, LA Liang, XF TI Active case-based surveillance for measles in China: Lessons learned from Shandong and Henan provinces SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VACCINE AB To identify issues relevant to nationwide implementation, a project was conducted during 1999-2001 to support and evaluate the development of a case-based measles surveillance system (MSS) in Shandong and Henan provinces, China. The performance of MSS surveillance and the descriptive characteristics of reported measles cases and outbreaks were analyzed. Of the 5782 suspected cases in 2001, 85% were investigated and 66% had serologic results. In all, 39% of cases were confirmed, 36% were compatible, and 25% were discarded; 81% of outbreaks identified involved <15 cases. In all, 15% of cases were temporary (floating) residents. The MSS was useful in monitoring the impact of measles control activities. Standardized laboratory quality-assurance activities and indicators should be developed while the system is still in the early stages of implementation. C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Shandong Epidem Prevent Stn, Jinan, Peoples R China. Henan Epidem Prevent Stn, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Virol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Minist Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. WHO, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, LX (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 27 Nan Wei Rd, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S258 EP S263 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700040 ER PT J AU Yameogo, KR Yameogo, A Nacoulma, SD Zuber, PLF AF Yameogo, KR Yameogo, A Nacoulma, SD Zuber, PLF TI Measles vaccination coverage during poliomyelitis national immunization days in Burkina Faso, 1999 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; URBAN AREA; AFRICA; ELIMINATION; EXPERIENCE AB In 1999, Burkina Faso added measles vaccine during the second round of its poliomyelitis national immunization days (NIDs). A cluster survey was conducted in each of the country's 53 health districts to assess vaccination coverage achieved by the campaign. Forty-four percent of children aged 9-59 months had a documented prior measles vaccination, and 88% were vaccinated during NIDs. Eighty-five percent of children not previously vaccinated received measles vaccine during the campaign. Although routine vaccination coverage varied substantially among children from various socioeconomic groups, the campaign appeared to almost equally reach all groups of children surveyed. Poliovirus vaccine coverage was 90% when measles vaccine was added to the campaign, compared with 88% during the first round. In Burkina Faso, the addition of measles vaccine to poliomyelitis NIDs achieved greater equity in measles vaccination coverage according to a number of socioeconomic factors without compromising the coverage of poliovirus vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Directorate Studies & Planning, Hlth Informat Syst, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Minist Hlth, Directorate Prevent Med, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. UN Childrens Fund, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. RP Zuber, PLF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S74 EP S79 DI 10.1086/368027 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700012 PM 12721895 ER PT J AU Zuber, PLF Yameogo, KR Yameogo, A Otten, MW AF Zuber, PLF Yameogo, KR Yameogo, A Otten, MW TI Use of administrative data to estimate mass vaccination campaign coverage, Burkina Faso, 1999 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AB Administrative coverage data are commonly used to assess coverage of mass vaccination campaigns. These estimates are obtained by dividing the number of doses administered by the number of children of eligible age, usually at the health district level. This study used data from a cluster survey conducted in each of the 53 Burkina Faso health districts immediately after 1999 the National Immunization Days to assess whether administrative estimates correlated with those obtained through survey and whether the former identified districts that achieved suboptimal coverage as measured by cluster survey. During the first round of the campaign there was no significant correlation between data obtained by either method. The correlation was only marginally better during the second round. Although useful to help plan the logistics of a campaign, administrative coverage data should be used with other evaluation techniques in order to determine the number of eligible children vaccinated during a mass campaign. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Directorate Studies & Planning, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Minist Hlth, Directorate Prevent Med, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. WHO, Vaccine Preventable Dis Unit, Div Dis Control, Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Zuber, PLF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 187 SU 1 BP S86 EP S90 DI 10.1086/368052 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 673HY UT WOS:000182575700014 PM 12721897 ER PT J AU Ksiazek, TG Erdman, D Goldsmith, CS Zaki, SR Peret, T Emery, S Tong, SX Urbani, C Comer, JA Lim, W Rollin, PE Dowell, SF Ling, AE Humphrey, CD Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Paddock, CD Rota, P Fields, B DeRisi, J Yang, JY Cox, N Hughes, JM LeDuc, JW Bellini, WJ Anderson, LJ AF Ksiazek, TG Erdman, D Goldsmith, CS Zaki, SR Peret, T Emery, S Tong, SX Urbani, C Comer, JA Lim, W Rollin, PE Dowell, SF Ling, AE Humphrey, CD Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Paddock, CD Rota, P Fields, B DeRisi, J Yang, JY Cox, N Hughes, JM LeDuc, JW Bellini, WJ Anderson, LJ CA SARS Working Grp TI A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA; VIRUS; INFECTION; PROPAGATION; DISEASE; FEVER AB BACKGROUND A worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been associated with exposures originating from a single ill health care worker from Guangdong Province, China. We conducted studies to identify the etiologic agent of this outbreak. METHODS We received clinical specimens from patients in seven countries and tested them, using virus-isolation techniques, electron-microscopical and histologic studies, and molecular and serologic assays, in an attempt to identify a wide range of potential pathogens. RESULTS None of the previously described respiratory pathogens were consistently identified. However, a novel coronavirus was isolated from patients who met the case definition of SARS. Cytopathological features were noted in Vero E6 cells inoculated with a throat-swab specimen. Electron-microscopical examination revealed ultrastructural features characteristic of coronaviruses. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining revealed reactivity with group I coronavirus polyclonal antibodies. Consensus coronavirus primers designed to amplify a fragment of the polymerase gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to obtain a sequence that clearly identified the isolate as a unique coronavirus only distantly related to previously sequenced coronaviruses. With specific diagnostic RT-PCR primers we identified several identical nucleotide sequences in 12 patients from several locations, a finding consistent with a point-source outbreak. Indirect fluorescence antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays made with the new isolate have been used to demonstrate a virus-specific serologic response. This virus may never before have circulated in the U.S. population. CONCLUSIONS A novel coronavirus is associated with this outbreak, and the evidence indicates that this virus has an etiologic role in SARS. Because of the death of Dr. Carlo Urbani, we propose that our first isolate be named the Urbani strain of SARS-associated coronavirus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Brach, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Hanoi, Vietnam. Queen Mary Hosp, Govt Virus Unit, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Int Emerging Infect Dis Program, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Singapore, Singapore. Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Ksiazek, TG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 33 TC 1678 Z9 2004 U1 26 U2 212 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 20 BP 1953 EP 1966 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa030781 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677TJ UT WOS:000182823400004 PM 12690092 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Faster ... but fast enough? Responding to the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 20 BP 2030 EP 2031 DI 10.1056/NEJMe030067 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677TJ UT WOS:000182823400013 PM 12672880 ER PT J AU Reeves, WC Nisenbaum, R Moldofsky, H Cesta, A Sammut, C Reyes, M Unger, ER AF Reeves, WC Nisenbaum, R Moldofsky, H Cesta, A Sammut, C Reyes, M Unger, ER TI Sleep assessment in a population-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 03-08, 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Assoc Prof Sleep Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Sleep & Chronobiol, Sleep Disorders Clin, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 26 BP A370 EP A370 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 677ZY UT WOS:000182841100934 ER PT J AU Lin, LS AF Lin, LS TI 8th biennial CDC and ADSTR symposium on statistical methods: Issues associated with complicated designs and data structures - Preface SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lin, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1359 EP 1360 DI 10.1002/sim.1555 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 674UQ UT WOS:000182655100001 ER PT J AU Livengood, JR AF Livengood, JR TI Opening remarks SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Livengood, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1363 EP 1364 DI 10.1002/sim.1521 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 674UQ UT WOS:000182655100002 ER PT J AU Gotway, CA Wolfinger, RD AF Gotway, CA Wolfinger, RD TI Spatial prediction of counts and rates SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE spatial prediction; spatial count data ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; REGRESSION-MODEL; TIME-SERIES; ESTIMATORS; LIKELIHOOD; INFERENCE; DISEASE; CANCER AB In this paper we provide both theoretical and empirical comparisons of marginal and conditional methods for analysing spatial count data. We focus on methods for spatial prediction developed from a generalized linear mixed model framework and compare them with the traditional linear (kriging) predictor. Prediction methods are illustrated and compared through a case study based on real data and through a detailed simulation study. The paper emphasizes a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SAS Inst Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Gotway, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop E70,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1415 EP 1432 DI 10.1002/sim.1523 PG 18 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 674UQ UT WOS:000182655100006 PM 12704606 ER PT J AU Borkowf, CB Albert, PS Abnet, CC AF Borkowf, CB Albert, PS Abnet, CC TI Using lowess to remove systematic trends over time in predictor variables prior to logistic regression with quantile categories SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cancer; laboratory measurement drift; lowess; measurement error; quantile-category; trend removal ID MARGINAL DISTRIBUTIONS; EMPIRICAL QUANTILES; BIOMARKERS; CHINA AB In case-control studies one may employ logistic regression to model the relationship between binary responses and continuous predictor variables that have been categorized by the empirical quartiles of the controls. Sometimes, however, systematic trends over time (or drifts) contaminate the laboratory measurements of predictor variables. In this paper we consider the use of locally weighted robust regression (lowess) to estimate and remove these systematic trends when the trends for the cases and controls have a common shape. One can then use the lowess adjusted data in the desired logistic regression model. We illustrate these methods with a case-control study that was designed to assess the risk of oesophageal cancer as a function of the quartile categories of sphinganine levels in the blood serum. Upon examination of the data, it was discovered that the sphinganine laboratory measurements were contaminated by a systematic trend, the magnitude of which depended only on the day of analysis. This trend needed to be removed before performing further analyses of the data. In addition, we present simulations to examine the use of lowess methods to estimate and remove various shapes of trends from contaminated predictor data before constructing logistic regression models with quartile categories. We found that using the trend-contaminated data tends to give attenuated parameter estimates and hence lower significance and power levels than using the uncontaminated data. Conversely, using appropriate lowess methods to adjust the data tends to give nearly unbiased parameter estimates, near nominal significance levels, and improved power. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Treatment & Diagn, Biometr Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Borkowf, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch,Epidemiol Sect, Mail Stop A32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015 OI Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843 NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1477 EP 1493 DI 10.1002/sim.1507 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 674UQ UT WOS:000182655100011 PM 12704611 ER PT J AU Frankel, MR Srinath, KP Hoaglin, DC Battaglia, MP Smith, PJ Wright, RA Khare, M AF Frankel, MR Srinath, KP Hoaglin, DC Battaglia, MP Smith, PJ Wright, RA Khare, M TI Adjustments for non-telephone bias in random-digit-dialling surveys SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bias; sampling-frame non-coverage bias; National Health Interview Survey; National Immunization Survey; weighting adjustment; telephone survey ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY AB Telephone surveys are widely used in the U.S.A. for the study of health-related topics. They are subject to 'coverage bias' because they cannot sample households that do not have telephones. Although only around 5 per cent of households do not have a telephone, rates of telephone coverage show substantial variation by geography, demographic factors and socio-economic factors. In particular, lack of telephone service is more common among households that contain ethnic and racial minorities or that have lower socio-economic status with fewer opportunities for access to medical care and poorer health outcomes. Thus, failure to adequately account for households without telephones in health surveys may yield estimates of health outcomes that are misleading, particularly in states with at least moderate telephone non-coverage. The dynamic nature of the population of households without telephones offers a way of accounting for such households in telephone surveys. At any given time the population of telephone households includes households that have had a break or interruption in telephone service. Empirical results strongly suggest that these households are very similar to households that have never had telephone service. Thus, sampled households that report having had an interruption in telephone service may be used also to represent the portion of the population that has never had telephone service. This strategy can lead to a reduction in non-coverage bias in random-digit-dialling surveys. This paper presents two methods of adjusting for non-coverage of non-telephone households. The effectiveness of these methods is examined using data from the National Health Interview Survey. The interruption-in-telephone-service methods reduce non-coverage bias and can also result in a lower mean squared error. The application of the interruption-in-telephone-service methods to the National Immunization Survey is also discussed. This survey produces estimates for the 50 states and 28 urban areas. The interruption-in-telephone-service estimates tend be slightly lower than estimates resulting from poststratification and from another non-coverage adjustment method. The results suggest that the reduction in bias is greatest for variables that are highly correlated with the presence or absence of telephone service. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Abt Associates Inc, Cos Cob, CT 06807 USA. CUNY Bernard M Baruch Coll, New York, NY 10010 USA. Abt Associates Inc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hoaglin, DC (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, 555 Wheeler St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM Dave_hoaglin@abtassoc.com NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1611 EP 1626 DI 10.1002/sim.1515 PG 16 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 674UQ UT WOS:000182655100019 PM 12704619 ER PT J AU Peck, A Newbern, C AF Peck, A Newbern, C CA SARS Investigative Team TI Update: Severe acute respiratory syndrome - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 357-360, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peck, A (reprint author), CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 14 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 18 BP 2350 EP 2351 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677WF UT WOS:000182831200008 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 360-363, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 14 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 18 BP 2351 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677WF UT WOS:000182831200009 ER PT J AU Porter, S Jackson, K Trosclair, A Pederson, LL AF Porter, S Jackson, K Trosclair, A Pederson, LL CA Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevention Hl TI Prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults and changes in prevalence of current and some day smoking - United States, 1996-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 303-307, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Porter, S (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 14 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 18 BP 2355 EP 2356 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677WF UT WOS:000182831200010 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Cauley, JA Stone, K Thompson, TJ Bauer, DC Cummings, SR Ensrud, KE AF Gregg, EW Cauley, JA Stone, K Thompson, TJ Bauer, DC Cummings, SR Ensrud, KE CA Study Osteoporotic Fractures Res G TI Relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CONTROLLED TRIALS; COLLEGE ALUMNI; ACTIVITY LEVEL; RISK AB Context Physical activity has been related to reduced mortality, but it is not clear whether changes in physical activity affect mortality among older women. Objective To examine the relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study conducted at 4 US research centers (Baltimore, Md; Portland, Ore; Minneapolis, Minn; and Monongahela Valley, Pa) among 9518 community-dwelling white women aged 65 years or older who were assessed at baseline (1986-1988), 7553 of whom were reassessed at a follow-up visit (1992-1994; median,5.7 years later). Main Outcome Measures Walking and other physical activities at baseline and follow-up; vital status, with cause of death confirmed by death certificates/discharge summaries, tracked for up to 12.5 years after baseline (up to 6.7 years after the follow-up visit). Results Compared with continually sedentary women, those who increased physical activity levels between baseline and follow-up had lower mortality from all causes (hazard rate ratio [HRR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.69), cardiovascular disease (HRR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97), and cancer (HRR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84), independent of age, smoking, body mass index, comorbid conditions, and baseline physical activity level. Associations between changes in physical activity and reduced mortality were similar in women With and without chronic diseases but tended to be weaker among women aged at least 75 years and among those with poor health status. Women who were physically active at both visits also had lower all-cause mortality (HRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.82) and cardiovascular mortality (HRR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.88) than sedentary women. Conclusion Increasing and maintaining physical activity levels could lengthen life for older women but appears to provide less benefit for women aged at least 75 years and those with,poor health status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Prevent Sci Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05407]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR35583, AR35582, AR35584] NR 43 TC 169 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 14 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 18 BP 2379 EP 2386 DI 10.1001/jama.289.18.2379 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 677WF UT WOS:000182831200027 PM 12746361 ER PT J AU Hussain, AI Shanmugam, V Bhullar, VB Beer, BE Vallet, D Gautier-Hion, A Wolfe, ND Karesh, WB Kilbourn, AM Tooze, Z Heneine, W Switzer, WM AF Hussain, AI Shanmugam, V Bhullar, VB Beer, BE Vallet, D Gautier-Hion, A Wolfe, ND Karesh, WB Kilbourn, AM Tooze, Z Heneine, W Switzer, WM TI Screening for simian foamy virus infection by using a combined antigen Western blot assay: evidence for a wide distribution among Old World primates and identification of four new divergent viruses SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE simian foamy virus; diagnosis; western blot; PCR; phylogeny; divergent viruses; primate ID HEALTH; SERA AB Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) belong to a genetically and antigenically diverse class of retroviruses that naturally infect a wide range of nonhuman primates (NHPs) and can also be transmitted to humans occupationally exposed to NHPs. Current serologic detection of SFV infection requires separate Western blot (WB) testing by using two different SFV antigens [SFVAGM (African green monkey) and SFVCFZ (chimpanzee)). However, this method is labor intensive and validation is limited to only small numbers of NBPs. To facilitate serologic SFV testing, we developed a WB assay that combines antigens from both SFVAGM and SFVCPZ. The combined-antigen WB (CA-WB) assay was validated with 145 serum samples from 129 NWs (32 African and Asian species) and 16 humans, all with known SFV infection status determined by PCR. Concordant CA-WB results were obtained for all 145 PCR-positive or -negative primate and human specimens, giving the assay a 100% sensitivity and specificity. In addition. no reactivity was observed in sera from persons positive for human immunodeficiency virus or human T cell lymphotropic virus (HIV/HTLV) (n = 25) or HIV/HTLV-negative U.S. blood donors (n = 100). Using the CA-WB assay, we screened 360 sera from 43 Old World primate species and found an SFV prevalence of about 68% in both African and Asian primates. We also isolated SFV from the blood of four seropositive primates (Allenopithecus nigroviridis, Trachypithecus francoisi, Hylobates pilearus, and H. leucogenys) not previously known to be infected with SFV. Phylogenetic analysis of integrase sequences from these isolates confirmed that all four SFVs represent new, distinct, and highly divergent lineages. These results demonstrate the ability of the CA-WB assay to detect infection in a large number of NHP species, including previously uncharacterized infections with divergent SFVs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div HIV STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6552, F-35380 Paimpont, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Immunizat Res, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Wildlife Hlth Sci, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Cercopan, Calabar, Cross River Sta, Nigeria. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div HIV STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [KO1 TW00003-01] NR 28 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 2003 VL 309 IS 2 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00070-9 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 685BX UT WOS:000183241900008 PM 12758172 ER PT J AU Neff, JM Lane, JM Fulginiti, VA AF Neff, JM Lane, JM Fulginiti, VA TI Smallpox and smallpox vaccination SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Med, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. RP Neff, JM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 8 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 19 BP 1921 EP 1922 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 675FY UT WOS:000182684100017 ER PT J AU Charles, M AF Charles, M CA CDC TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus testing - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 297-302, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Charles, M (reprint author), CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 7 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 17 BP 2203 EP 2206 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 675ET UT WOS:000182680700008 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Mensah, GA AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Mensah, GA TI Serum total cholesterol concentrations and awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia among US adults - Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2000 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; hypercholesterolemia; population; sex; risk factors ID UNITED-STATES ADULTS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; GUIDELINES; TRENDS AB Background - Serum cholesterol concentrations have decreased in the US population. Whether the decline continued during the 1990s is unknown. Methods and Results - We used data from 4148 men and women aged greater than or equal to20 years who had a total cholesterol determination or reported using cholesterol-lowering medications and who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES) from 1999 to 2000 ( this is a cross-sectional health examination survey of the US population), and we compared the results with data from 15 719 participants in NHANES III ( 1988 to 1994). For all adults, the age-adjusted mean total cholesterol concentration decreased from 5.31 mmol/L ( 205 mg/dL) in NHANES III to 5.27 mmol/L ( 203 mg/dL) in NHANES 1999 to 2000 ( P = 0.159). The age-adjusted mean total cholesterol concentration decreased by 0.02 mmol/ L (0.7 mg/dL) among men ( P = 0.605) and 0.06 mmol/ L (2.3 mg/dL) among women ( P = 0.130). Significant decreases were observed among men aged greater than or equal to75 years, black men, and Mexican-American women. Among participants who had a total cholesterol concentration greater than or equal to5.2 mmol/ L ( 200 mg/dL) or who reported using cholesterol-lowering medications, 69.5% reported having had their cholesterol checked, 35.0% were aware that they had hypercholesterolemia, 12.0% were on treatment, and 5.4% had a total cholesterol concentration <5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) after age adjustment. Conclusions - The mean serum total cholesterol concentration of the adult US population in 1999 to 2000 has changed little since 1988 to 1994. The low percentage of adults with controlled blood cholesterol concentration suggests the need for a renewed commitment to the prevention, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 14 TC 253 Z9 260 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAY 6 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 17 BP 2185 EP 2189 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000066320.27195.B4 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 674TR UT WOS:000182652500008 PM 12719276 ER PT J AU Duque, LF Klevens, J Ramirez, C AF Duque, LF Klevens, J Ramirez, C TI Overlap and correlates of different types of aggression among adults: Results from a cross-sectional survey in Bogota, Colombia SO AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE violence; aggression; crime; perpetrators; Colombia ID CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR AB Our objective is to establish the prevalence and overlap among different forms of violence and the importance of known correlates of aggression in Bogota, Colombia. Our method is a cross-sectional household survey of violence amongst a random sample (n = 3007) of the general population between the ages of 15 and 60. In this population the more severe forms of aggression tend to appear concurrently with the less severe forms. Multivariate analyses of the data show that a family history of crime, physical aggression among family members, lack of clarity of parental norms, beliefs justifying the use of violence, and alcohol consumption are the main correlates of verbal and physical aggression independent of age, gender and social class. Although the findings are limited by the cross-sectional design, exclusion of the institutionalized population, and reliance on retrospective self-reports, they provide population-based estimates of different forms of aggression and support for known correlates of aggression in a Latin American context. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Antioquia, Sch Publ Hlth, Medellin, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ San Buenventura, Sch Psychol, Bogota, Colombia. RP Duque, LF (reprint author), Diagonal 29D 9 Sur 90,Ap 1007, Medellin, Colombia. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0096-140X J9 AGGRESSIVE BEHAV JI Aggressive Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1002/ab.10069 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 676QU UT WOS:000182764200001 ER PT J AU Stefaniak, AB Hoover, MD Dickerson, RM Peterson, EJ Day, GA Breysse, PN Kent, MS Scripsick, RC AF Stefaniak, AB Hoover, MD Dickerson, RM Peterson, EJ Day, GA Breysse, PN Kent, MS Scripsick, RC TI Surface area of respirable beryllium metal, oxide, and copper alloy aerosols and implications for assessment of exposure risk of chronic beryllium disease SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chronic beryllium disease; dissolution; particles; surface area ID ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; SENSITIZATION; PARTICLES AB The continued occurrence of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) suggests the current occupational exposure limit of 2 mug beryllium per cubic meter of air does not adequately protect workers. This study examined the morphology and measured the particle surface area of aerodynamically size-separated powders and process-sampled particles of beryllium metal, beryllium oxide, and copper-beryllium alloy. The beryllium metal powder consisted of compact particles, whereas the beryllium oxide powder and particles were clusters of smaller primary particles. Specific surface area (SSA) results for all samples (N=30) varied by a factor of 37, from 0.56 +/- 0.07 m(2)/g (for the 0.4-0.7 mum size fraction of the process-sampled reduction furnace particles) to 20.8 +/- 0.4 m(2)/g (for the less than or equal to0.4 mum size fraction of the metal powder). Large relative differences in SSA were observed as a function of particle size for the powder of beryllium metal, from 4.0 +/- 0.01 m(2)/g (for the particle size fraction >6 mum) to 20.8 +/- 0.44 m(2)/g (for the particle size fraction less than or equal to0.4 mum). In contrast, little relative difference in SSA (<25%) was observed as a function of particle size for the beryllium oxide powder and particles collected from the screening operation. The SSA of beryllium metal powder decreases with increasing particle size, as expected for compact particles, and the SSA of the beryllium oxide powders and particles remains constant as a function of particle size, which might be expected for clustered particles. These associations illustrate how process-related factors can influence the morphology and SSA of beryllium materials. To avoid errors in predicting bioavailability of beryllium and the associated risks for CBD, the mechanisms of particle formation should be understood and the SSA of beryllium particles should be measured directly. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp HSR5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp MST8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MSTSTC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Technol & Met Grp MST6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. Brush Wellman Inc, Elmore, OH 43416 USA. RP Scripsick, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp HSR5, MS K553, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 33 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1080/15428110308984820 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 688BT UT WOS:000183413000001 PM 12809534 ER PT J AU Heitbrink, WA Moyer, ES Jensen, PA Watkins, DS Martin, SB AF Heitbrink, WA Moyer, ES Jensen, PA Watkins, DS Martin, SB TI Environmental agricultural tractor cab filter efficiency and field evaluation SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE agricultural workers; environmental enclosure; filters; tractors AB To evaluate filter efficiency and performance of environmental enclosures for tractors, 3- to 4-year-old tractor enclosure combinations (cabs retrofitted to tractors after manufacturing) were studied at a custom pesticide applicators facility. Optical particle counters were used to measure the aerosol number concentration inside and outside the cab. The ratio of these concentrations multiplied by 100 is termed percentage penetration, the amount of the aerosol that penetrates into the enclosure. For particles in the 0.3 to 0.4 mum range, penetration into the cab was reduced from 11 to 0.4% in the following sequential steps. First, manufacturing mistakes were corrected by fixing a bowed flange and inappropriate sealing of the sheet metal used to separate incoming air from air that had passed through the filter. This reduced aerosol penetration from 11 to 4.8%. Replacing gasket material on the used filter reduced penetration from 4.8 to 0.65%. This suggests that the filter gaskets are deforming and allowing leakage. Also, the filter media were evaluated for aerosol penetration as a function of particle size and were tested per the criteria stipulated in 42 CFR 84 for negative pressure air-purifying particulate respirators. These results showed penetration through the filter media of less than 0.03%, indicating that filter media were not a major source of aerosol leakage into the cab. The results suggest that the manufacturer should implement a quality control program to ensure that minimal aerosol penetration criteria into the cabs are met and an acceptable maintenance program exists to ensure compliance. Furthermore, the degradation of filter gasket material over time needs to be minimized to ensure that the environmental cabs continue to provide acceptable performance. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Lab Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. RP Moyer, ES (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Lab Res Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Mail Stop H2800-4, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 3 BP 394 EP 400 DI 10.1080/15428110308984832 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 688BT UT WOS:000183413000013 PM 12809546 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MS Chilkatowsky, AP Stevenson, JM Lutz, JP Watson, BM Levenson, R Rosenthal, J AF Kolasa, MS Chilkatowsky, AP Stevenson, JM Lutz, JP Watson, BM Levenson, R Rosenthal, J TI Do laws bring children in child care centers up to date for immunizations? SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE day care centers; health services; immunization; vaccination ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT; ATTENDANCE AB Background.-Pennsylvania state law requires licensed child care centers (CCCs) to document that each enrolled child is up to date (UTD) for routine immunizations within 60 days of enrollment. This study evaluates the law's impact on immunization coverage among children aged less than or equal to59 months who attend CCCs in Philadelphia. Methods.-Out of Philadelphia's 440 commercial CCCs, 75 were randomly selected. Of these, 9 had closed, 3 did not accept children aged less than or equal to59 months, and 3 refused assessment. For the remaining 60 CCCs, vaccination dates were abstracted from CCC records for all enrolled children less than or equal to59 months. For children not UTD for all vaccines according to CCC records, additional data were sought from Philadelphia's immunization registry, health care providers, and parents. Results.-Records of 2847 children were assessed. According to CCC records, information from the immunization registry, vaccination providers, and parents, 71% of children aged 0-18 months, 77% of children 19-35 months, and 84% of children 36-59 months were UTD for their age for diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and pertussis vaccine; polio; Haemophilus influenzae type b; and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines. No significant increase in immunization coverage levels was found between the date children enrolled in a CCC and 60 days later. Conclusions.-Up to one quarter of children <5 years of age enrolled in Philadelphia's CCCs are not UTD for immunizations, with children 0-18 months of age being most behind in their immunizations. Furthermore, many children do not receive vaccines within 60 days of enrollment. These low coverage levels combined with the potential exposures inherent in group care settings indicate that children in CCCs are at risk for contracting vaccine-preventable diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. City Philadelphia Dept Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Kolasa, MS (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop e-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 3 BP 154 EP 157 DI 10.1367/1539-4409(2003)003<0154:DLBCIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 675GK UT WOS:000182685400010 PM 12708893 ER PT J AU Greenland, P Xie, XY Liu, K Colangelo, L Liao, YL Daviglus, ML Agulnek, AN Stamler, J AF Greenland, P Xie, XY Liu, K Colangelo, L Liao, YL Daviglus, ML Agulnek, AN Stamler, J TI Impact of minor electrocardiographic ST-segment and/or T-wave abnormalities on cardiovascular mortality during long-term follow-up SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ASSOCIATION-DETECTION-PROJECT; ECG ABNORMALITIES; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; WOMEN; DEATH; MEN; PREVALENCE; INDUSTRY; RISK AB Minor ST-T abnormalities are common on the resting electrocardiogram of otherwise healthy persons, but the long-term importance of these findings has not been extensively evaluated, especially in women. In a prospective study, 7,985 women and 9,630 men (aged 40 to 64 years at baseline) without other electrocardiographic abnormalities and free of previous coronary heart disease (CHD) were studied using Cox regression for 22-years of follow-up. Primary outcomes were death from CHD and total cardiovascular disease (CVD); total mortality was a secondary outcome. Minnesota Code was employed to assess the presence or absence of electrocardiographic abnormalities. Analyses compared persons with minor. Minnesota Code ST-segment (codes 4-3 or 4-4) or T-wave findings (codes 5-3 or 5-4) to those with normal electrocardiographic findings. In combined analyses,of men and women adjusted for age, isolated minor T-wave abnormality, minor ST-segment depression, or a combination of minor ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities were each associated with increased mortality risks. For CHD mortality, hazard ratios (HRs) ranged from 1.60 to 2.10; for CVD mortality, HRs ranged from 1.50 to 1.95; and for total mortality, HRs ranged from 1.31 to 1.50 (p <0.05 for all HRs). In separate analyses by gender adjusted for age, increased risks were observed for combined ST-T-wave abnormalities in both genders for CHD and CVD mortality (HR 1.72 to 1.75 for men, p <0.05; HR 2.07 to 2.51 for women, p <0.001). These data indicate that nonspecific (minor) ST-segment depression and/or T-wave abnormalities have a long-term prognostic impact for CHD and CVD death in middle-aged women and men and can be considered markers of heightened CHD and CVD risk. (C) 2003 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Greenland, P (reprint author), 680 N Lake Shore Dr,Suite 1102, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 03387, HL 15174, HL 21010] NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1068 EP 1074 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00150-4 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 675NU UT WOS:000182702100006 PM 12714148 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Parvanta, I Cogswell, ME Gunter, EW Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Mei, ZG Parvanta, I Cogswell, ME Gunter, EW Grummer-Strawn, LM TI Erythrocyte protoporphyrin or hemoglobin: which is a better screening test for iron deficiency in children and women? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron deficiency; hemoglobin; erythrocyte protoporphyrin; zinc protoporphyrin; mean cell volume; transferrin saturation; serum ferritin; receiver operating characteristic curve; preschool children; women; iron deficiency anemia ID ZINC PROTOPORPHYRIN; ANEMIA; BLOOD; PERFORMANCE AB Background: Hemoglobin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) tests are commonly used to screen for iron deficiency. However, little research has been done to systematically evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these 2 tests. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of hemoglobin and EP measurements in predicting iron deficiency in preschool children and in women of childbearing age. Design: We examined data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 2613 children aged 1-5 y and n = 5175 nonpregnant women aged 15-49 y). Children or women with blood lead greater than or equal to 10 mug/dL were excluded from this study. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of hemoglobin and EP measurements in screening for iron deficiency, defined as having abnormal values for greater than or equal to 2 of the following 3 indexes: mean cell volume, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin. Results: The ROC performance of EP was consistently better than that of hemoglobin for detecting iron deficiency in preschool children. However, in nonpregnant women, we found no significant difference between EP and hemoglobin in ROC performance for detecting iron deficiency. We observed the same results when we stratified the analyses by sex and race of the children and by race of the women. Conclusions: For children aged 1-5 y, EP is a better screening tool for iron deficiency than is hemoglobin. However, for nonpregnant women, EP and hemoglobin have similar sensitivity and specificity for predicting iron deficiency. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1229 EP 1233 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 672LC UT WOS:000182521200021 PM 12716676 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH AF Dietz, WH TI The obesity epidemic and CV risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hypertension CY MAY 14-17, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Soc Hypertens C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5 BP 265A EP 266A DI 10.1016/S0895-7061(03)00799-4 PN 2 PG 2 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 677LK UT WOS:000182809000707 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Burnett, C Lalich, N Ward, E Hurrell, J AF Steenland, K Burnett, C Lalich, N Ward, E Hurrell, J TI Dying for work: The magnitude of US mortality from selected causes of death associated with occupation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE occupation; attributable fraction; mortality ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; BREAST-CANCER MORTALITY; CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; NEW-YORK-STATE; LUNG-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS AB Background Deaths due to occupational disease and injury place a heavy burden on society in terms of economic costs and human suffering. Methods We estimate the annual deaths due to selected diseases for which an occupational association is reasonably well established and quantifiable, by calculation of attributable fractions (AFs), with full documentation; the deaths due to occupational injury are then added to derive an estimated number of annual deaths due to occupation. Results Using 1997 US mortality data, the estimated annual burden of occupational disease mortality resulting from selected respiratory diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, and hepatitis is 49,000, with a range from 26, 000 to 72,000. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates there are about 6,200 work-related injury deaths annually. Adding disease and injury data, we estimate that there are a total of 55,200 US deaths annually resulting from occupational disease or injury (range 32,200-78,200). Conclusions Our estimate is in the range reported by previous investigators, although we have restricted ourselves more than others to only those diseases with well-established occupational etiology, biasing our estimates conservatively. The underlying assumptions and data used to generate the estimates are well documented, so our estimates may be updated as new data emerges on occupational risks and exposed populations, providing an advantage over previous studies. We estimate that occupational deaths are the 8th leading cause of death in the US, after diabetes (64,751) but ahead of suicide (30,575), and greater than the annual number of motor vehicle deaths per year (43,501). (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 172 TC 118 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 461 EP 482 DI 10.1002/ajim.10216 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 674WM UT WOS:000182660200001 PM 12704620 ER PT J AU Beltrami, EM Kozak, A Williams, IT Saekhou, AM Kalish, ML Nainan, OV Stramer, SL Fucci, MCH Frederickson, D Cardo, DM AF Beltrami, EM Kozak, A Williams, IT Saekhou, AM Kalish, ML Nainan, OV Stramer, SL Fucci, MCH Frederickson, D Cardo, DM TI Transmission of HIV and hepatitis C virus from a nursing home patient to a health care worker SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; INFECTION; BLOOD; RISK AB Background: We report a case of simultaneous HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission from a nursing home patient to a health care worker (HCW) whose HIV and HCV infections were diagnosed during routine blood donor screening. Methods: Detailed information about the HCW possible occupational and nonoccupational blood and body fluid exposures, and possible source patient was collected. Blood samples were drawn from the HCW and patient, and HIV and HCV laboratory testing was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: The HCW, who worked as a nursing home aide, had no nonoccupational risk factors for HIV or HCV infection but provided care for 1 HIV-infected patient with dementia and urinary and fecal incontinence. The HCW had numerous exposures to the patient's emesis, feces, and urine to unprotected chapped and abraded hands. HCW and patient blood samples were positive for anti-HCV by enzyme immunoassay and recombinant immunoblot assay testing. The HCW's and patient's HCV were genotyped as 1a, and their HIV-1 was genotyped as subtype B. HIV and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence analysis showed that the HCW's and patient's viruses were very closely related. Conclusions: HIV and HCV transmission from the patient to the HCW appears to have occurred through nonintact skin exposure. Bloodborne pathogen transmission may have been prevented in this situation by consistent, unfailing use of barrier precautions. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB, Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Amer Red Cross, Natl Testing & Reference Labs, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Cardo, DM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAY PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1067/mic.2003.27 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 680MF UT WOS:000182981400007 PM 12734523 ER PT J AU Moore, KL Sinkowitz-Cochran, KL Safran, MA Chamberland, ME Pearson, ML AF Moore, KL Sinkowitz-Cochran, KL Safran, MA Chamberland, ME Pearson, ML TI Anthrax and the mail: The making of an educational video for mail workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB The anthrax bioterrorist attacks in 2001 affected millions of people who process, sort, and deliver mail. To mode effectively. communicate information intended to protect the health of these workers, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention produced a short-format educational video in December 2001 that targets this diverse group. This report illustrates how an educational video can be rapidly produced to translate and disseminate public health recommendations as part of a public health emergency response. C1 CDCP, US Dept HHS, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, US Dept HHS, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, US Dept HHS, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, US Dept HHS, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, KL (reprint author), CDCP, US Dept HHS, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAY PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1067/mic.2003.19 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 680MF UT WOS:000182981400009 PM 12734525 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Bolen, J Marcus, S Wells, HE Meissner, H AF Nelson, DE Bolen, J Marcus, S Wells, HE Meissner, H TI Cancer screening estimates for US metropolitan areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL BREAST EXAMINATIONS; FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; CERVICAL-CANCER; INNER-CITY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; IMPROVING ACCESS; HEALTH PROMOTION; WHITE WOMEN; MAMMOGRAPHY; MORTALITY AB Objectives: To provide estimates of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening for metropolitan areas in the United States. Methods: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 1997 to 1999 were reweighted and analyzed for 69 U.S. metropolitan areas for the receipt of a Papanicolaou (Pap) test (ages greater than or equal to18 years); mammography (ages greater than or equal to40 years); fecal occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy (ages greater than or equal to50 years). Stratified analyses by demographics were performed for 25 metropolitan areas with populations of greater than or equal to1.5 million. Results: Metropolitan estimates ranged from 64.6% to 82.0% for mammography and from 77.2% to 91.7% for Pap tests. There was much greater variability in estimates for colorectal cancer screening, with a 3.6-fold difference in the range of estimates for fecal occult blood testing (9.9% to 35.2%) and a 2.5-fold difference for sigmoidoscopy (17.3% to 43.3%). In the 25 largest areas, prevalence of cancer screening was generally lower for persons with a high school education or less and for those without health insurance. Compared with women aged 50 to 64 years, mammography estimates were lower for women aged 40 to 49 years in 13 of the 25 metropolitan areas. Pap testing was less common among women aged greater than or equal to65 years, and colorectal cancer screening was less common for persons aged 50 to 64 years. Conclusions: Estimates of cancer screening varied substantially across metropolitan areas. Increased efforts to improve cancer screening are needed in many urban areas, especially for colorectal cancer screening. The BRFSS is a useful, inexpensive, and timely resource for providing metropolitan-area cancer screening estimates and may be used in the future to guide local or county-level screening efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00024-2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 679MV UT WOS:000182927100002 PM 12726867 ER PT J AU Kirtland, KA Porter, DE Addy, CL Neet, MJ Williams, JE Sharpe, PA Neff, LJ Kimsey, CD Ainsworth, BE AF Kirtland, KA Porter, DE Addy, CL Neet, MJ Williams, JE Sharpe, PA Neff, LJ Kimsey, CD Ainsworth, BE TI Environmental measures of physical activity supports - Perception versus reality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEIGHBORHOOD EVALUATION; HEALTH; DETERMINANTS; PREVENTION; POLICY; TRAIL; RISK AB Background: Perceptions of the environment and physical activity have been associated using survey methods, yet little is known about the validity of environmental surveys. In this study, perceptions of the environment at neighborhood and community levels were assessed (1) to determine validity by comparing respondent perceptions to objective measures and (2) to determine test-retest reliability of the survey. Methods: A telephone survey was administered to a stratified sample of Sumter County, South Carolina adults. Respondents' home addresses were mapped using a geographic information system (GIS) (n = 1112). As an indicator of validity, kappa statistics were used to measure agreement between perceptions and objective measures identified at neighborhood and community levels using GIS. A second survey in an independent sample (n = 408) assessed test-retest reliability. Results: When assessing perceptions of environmental and physical activity in a defined geographic area, validity and reliability for neighborhood survey items were kappa = -0.02 to 0.37 and rho = 0.42 to 0.74, and for community survey items were kappa = -0.07 to 0.25 and rho = 0.28 to 0.56. Conclusions: Although causality between perception of access and safety and actual physical activity level cannot be assumed, those meeting national physical activity guidelines or reporting some physical activity demonstrated greatest agreement with access to recreation facilities, while those not meeting the guidelines demonstrated greater agreement with safety of recreation facilities. Factors such as distance and behavior may explain differences in perceptions at neighborhood and community levels. Using local environments with short distances in survey methods improves validity and reliability of results. C1 Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ainsworth, BE (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, 730 Devine St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU 409664-06] NR 33 TC 190 Z9 196 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00021-7 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 679MV UT WOS:000182927100005 PM 12726870 ER PT J AU Crews, JE Smith, SM AF Crews, JE Smith, SM TI Public health and aging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Disabil & Hlth Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crews, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Disabil & Hlth Team, 1600 Clinton Rd,F-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2003 VL 93 IS 5 BP 700 EP 701 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.5.700 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 675GG UT WOS:000182685100005 PM 12721120 ER PT J AU Metzler, MM Higgins, DL Beeker, CG Freudenberg, N Lantz, PM Senturia, KD Eisinger, AA Viruell-Fuentes, EA Geisar, B Palermo, AG Softley, D AF Metzler, MM Higgins, DL Beeker, CG Freudenberg, N Lantz, PM Senturia, KD Eisinger, AA Viruell-Fuentes, EA Geisar, B Palermo, AG Softley, D TI Addressing urban health in Detroit, New York City, and Seattle through community-based participatory research partnerships SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PHARMACISTS ATTITUDES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; RESEARCH CENTERS; PREGNANCY; TUSKEGEE; ASTHMA; IMPLEMENTATION; INTERVENTION AB Objective. This study describes key activities integral to the development of 3 community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships. Methods. We compared findings from individual case studies conducted at 3 urban research centers (URCs) to identify crosscutting adaptations of a CBPR approach in the first 4 years of the partnerships' development. Results. Activities critical in partnership development include sharing decision-making, defining principles of collaboration, establishing research priorities, and securing funding. Intermediate outcomes were sustained CBPR partnerships, trust within the partnerships, public health research programs, and increased capacity to conduct CBPR. Challenges included the time needed for meaningful collaboration, concerns regarding sustainable funding, and issues related to institutional racism. Conclusions. The URC experiences suggest that CBPR can be successfully implemented in diverse settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Cross Cultural Hlth Care Program, Seattle, WA USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. Pre Birth Three Initiat, Detroit, MI USA. RP Metzler, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop K-67,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU 09654-06] NR 63 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2003 VL 93 IS 5 BP 803 EP 811 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.5.803 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 675GG UT WOS:000182685100035 PM 12721148 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Mahy, BWJ AF Calisher, CH Mahy, BWJ TI Taxonomy: Get it right or leave it alone SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIRUS NOMENCLATURE; CHAOS; NAMES C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 BP 505 EP 506 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 681QX UT WOS:000183047800002 PM 12812333 ER PT J AU Talley, L Salama, P AF Talley, L Salama, P TI Short Report: Assessing field vaccine efficacy for measles in famine-affected rural Ethiopia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Measles is a major cause of mortality in complex emergencies. Both high vaccination coverage and vaccine efficacy are required to prevent major epidemics of measles in such situations. Evaluation of field vaccine efficacy is a critical but underutilized component of program monitoring in emergencies, and is particularly important in rural areas where the integrity of the cold chain is difficult to guarantee. In July 2000, we evaluated the field vaccine efficacy for measles vaccination by comparing the incidence of cases in vaccinated and unvaccinated groups during a two-stage cluster survey of 563 children in Ethiopia. Approximately 30% of the measles cases occurred in vaccinated children. Estimated field vaccine efficacy for measles was 66.9% in children 9-36 months old. The finding of a field vaccine efficacy for measles less than 80% warrants formal assessment of measles vaccine efficacy, particularly in famine emergencies where measles is associated with a high case fatality rate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Talley, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 BP 545 EP 546 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 681QX UT WOS:000183047800010 PM 12812341 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SI Radday, J Michel, MC Addiss, DG Beach, MJ Lammie, PJ Lammie, J Rheingans, R Lafontant, J AF McLaughlin, SI Radday, J Michel, MC Addiss, DG Beach, MJ Lammie, PJ Lammie, J Rheingans, R Lafontant, J TI Frequency, severity, and costs of adverse reactions following mass treatment for lymphatic filariasis using diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in Leogane, Haiti, 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOSE COMBINATIONS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; IVERMECTIN; EFFICACY; PREGNANCY; MICROFILAREMIA; INFECTIONS; THERAPY; AREA AB In October 2000, 71,187 persons were treated for lymphatic filariasis using albendazole and diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or DEC alone in Leogane, Haiti. We documented the frequency of adverse reactions, severity and cost of treatment. Adverse reactions were classified as minor, moderate, or severe. Overall, 24% (17,421) of the treated persons reported one or more adverse reactions. There were 15,916 (91%) minor and 1502 (9%) moderate adverse reaction reports. Men outnumbered women 2:1 in reporting moderate problems. Three patients, representing roughly one in 25,000 persons treated, were hospitalized with severe adverse reactions judged to be treatment-associated by physician review. The cost per person treated for adverse reactions was more than twice the cost per person treated for lymphatic filariasis ($1.60 versus $0.71). Severe adverse reactions to lymphatic filariasis treatment using DEC with or without albendazole are uncommon. Minor and moderate reactions are more commonly reported and their management represents a challenge to lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hop St Croix, Leogane, Haiti. Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Columbia, SC 29203 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP McLaughlin, SI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 BP 568 EP 573 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 681QX UT WOS:000183047800017 PM 12812348 ER PT J AU Ong'echa, JMO Lal, AA Terlouw, DJ Ter Kuile, FO Kariuki, SK Udhayakumar, V Orago, ASS Hightower, AW Nahlen, BL Shi, YP AF Ong'echa, JMO Lal, AA Terlouw, DJ Ter Kuile, FO Kariuki, SK Udhayakumar, V Orago, ASS Hightower, AW Nahlen, BL Shi, YP TI Association of interferon-gamma responses to pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine candidate antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in young Kenyan children with improved hemoglobin levels: XV. Asembo Bay Cohort Project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 20-DEC 02, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID T-CELL EPITOPES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS; IMMUNITY; AREA; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Previous studies in animal models have revealed an association between interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), produced by CD8(+) T cells and irradiated sporozoite-induced sterile immunity. To determine whether IFN-gamma can serve as a marker of pre-erythrocytic protective immunity in individuals naturally exposed to malaria, we characterized IFN-gamma and lymphocyte proliferative responses to previously defined CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from six preerythrocytic stage antigens in 107 children six months to two years old from a community-based birth cohort in western Kenya. We found that IFN-gamma positive responders had higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels and significantly reduced prevalence of severe malarial anemia one month after the test compared with IFN-gamma non-responders, suggesting that IFN-gamma immune responses to these pre-erythrocytic antigens were associated with protection against malarial anemia. Children who responded by lymphocyte proliferation had a significantly longer time to first documented malaria parasitemia after birth; however, there was no correlation between the presence of lymphocyte proliferative response and higher Hb levels. We propose that IFN-gamma production could be used as a potential marker of protective immunity against malaria associated anemia in young children living in malaria holoendemic areas. C1 Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Unit Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Ong'echa, JMO (reprint author), Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, POB 43844, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 BP 590 EP 597 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 681QX UT WOS:000183047800021 PM 12812352 ER PT J AU Posner, SF Pulley, L Artz, L Macaluso, M AF Posner, SF Pulley, L Artz, L Macaluso, M TI Use of psychometric techniques in the analysis of epidemiologic data SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE measurement; psychometric analysis; condom use ID MODEL AB PURPOSE: This article demonstrates techniques for developing reliable multi-item scales for analysis of complex public health data. METHODS: Information from a questionnaire designed to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of the female condom as a method for STD/HIV prevention was summarized using psychometric analysis. 1159 high-risk women attending STD clinics participated in this study. Questionnaire items were designed to measure nine domains of predictors of condom use. RESULTS: Principal components analysis was employed to reduce the number of potential predictors. Reliability of the multiple-item scales was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate collinearity among multi-item scales. Approximately half (51%) of the questionnaire items that were analyzed were retained in the final scales. Data reduction procedures identified several multi-item scales with acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.70). The correlation coefficients between scales was never >.5, suggesting that there was little collinearity among the scales. CONCLUSIONS: When focused on multiple partially interdependent determinants of an outcome, data reduction decreases the number of independent variables to be evaluated, ensures they have adequate reliability, maximizes strength of their association with outcomes, and reduces collinearity among predictors. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015; OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690; Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-1-3135]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409679-02] NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 13 IS 5 BP 344 EP 350 AR PII S1047-2797(02)00436-2 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00436-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695CL UT WOS:000183813500006 PM 12821273 ER PT J AU Hanincova, K Taragelova, V Koci, J Schafer, SM Hails, R Ullmann, AJ Piesman, J Labuda, M Kurtenbach, K AF Hanincova, K Taragelova, V Koci, J Schafer, SM Hails, R Ullmann, AJ Piesman, J Labuda, M Kurtenbach, K TI Association of Borrelia garinii and B-valaisiana with songbirds in Slovakia SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; LYME-DISEASE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RESERVOIR HOSTS; OSPA SEROTYPE-4; DIFFERENTIAL TRANSMISSION; SURFACE-PROTEINS; GENOMIC GROUPS; SP. NOV. AB In Europe, 6 of the 11 genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are prevalent in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks. In most parts of Central Europe, B. afzelii, B. garinii, and B. valaisiana are the most frequent species, whereas B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bissettii, and B. lusitaniae are rare. Previously, it has been shown that B. afzelii is associated with European rodents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify reservoir hosts of B. garinii and B. valaisiana in Slovakia. Songbirds were captured in a woodland near Bratislava and investigated for engorged ticks. Questing L ricinus ticks were collected in the same region. Both tick pools were analyzed for spirochete infections by PCR, followed by DNA-DNA hybridization and, for a subsample, by nucleotide sequencing. Three of the 17 captured songbird species were infested with spirochete-infected ticks. Spirochetes in ticks that had fed on birds were genotyped as B. garinii and B. valaisiana, whereas questing ticks were infected with B. afzelii, B. garinii, and B. valaisiana. Furthermore, identical ospA alleles of B. garinii were found in ticks that had fed on the birds and in questing ticks. The data show that songbirds are reservoir hosts of B. garinii and B. valaisiana but not of B. afzelii. This and previous studies confirm that B. burgdorferi sensu lato is host associated and that this bacterial species complex contains different ecotypes. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. NERC, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Oxford OX1 3SR, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Bratislava 81364, Slovakia. Univ Trnava, Dept Biol Microbiol & Immunol, Trnava 91843, Slovakia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kurtenbach, K (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. RI Hails, Rosemary/E-9478-2010; Schafer, Stefanie/H-3070-2016 OI Hails, Rosemary/0000-0002-6975-1318; NR 47 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 69 IS 5 BP 2825 EP 2830 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2825-2830.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 677LD UT WOS:000182808300049 PM 12732554 ER PT J AU Sniezek, PJ Graham, BS Busch, HB Lederman, ER Lim, ML Poggemyer, K Kao, A Mizrahi, M Washabaugh, G Yakrus, M Winthrop, K AF Sniezek, PJ Graham, BS Busch, HB Lederman, ER Lim, ML Poggemyer, K Kao, A Mizrahi, M Washabaugh, G Yakrus, M Winthrop, K TI Rapidly growing mycobacterial infections after pedicures SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORTUITUM INFECTION; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; SKIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; ABSCESSUS; CHELONAE; SURGERY AB Background: Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) can cause a variety of cutaneous and systemic diseases. The causative organisms are typically Mycobacterium fortuitum or Mycobacterium chelonae (also known as Mycobacterium abscessus). Primary cutaneous lesions may develop after a variable latent period, from weeks to several months, and usually result from direct inoculation after trauma, from injections, or during surgery via contaminated medical instruments. Recently, investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, and the California Department of Health Services, Berkeley, documented a large, unprecedented outbreak of community-acquired RGM infection, during which more than 100 patrons of a northern California nail salon contracted furunculosis in their legs as a result of exposure to whirlpool footbaths that were contaminated with M fortuitum. Observations: We report the clinical and epidemiological findings in 3 cases of lower extremity RGM infections,that occurred after similar whirlpool footbath exposure at several different nail salons in southern California. These infections typically presented as recurrent furunculosis, causing considerable morbidity as a result of scarring, delayed diagnosis, and the need for long-term polymicrobial therapy. Conclusions: Rapidly growing mycobacterial infections related to pedicures may continue to occur in a sporadic fashion. Clinicians should consider the possibility of RGM infection and inquire about recent pedicures in a patient with recurrent lower extremity furunculosis and abscesses that are unresponsive to conventional antibiotic therapy. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Air Stn, Dept Flight Surg, Pensacola, FL USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Div Community Epidemiol, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacterial Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Graham, BS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Code CDA,34800 Bod Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 24 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 139 IS 5 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1001/archderm.139.5.629 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 678JH UT WOS:000182863400010 PM 12756100 ER PT J AU Ashkar, SH Dales, LG Averhoff, F Shefer, A Higa, J Thompson, L Gomez, J Gee, DC Hurwitz, EL AF Ashkar, SH Dales, LG Averhoff, F Shefer, A Higa, J Thompson, L Gomez, J Gee, DC Hurwitz, EL TI The effectiveness of assessment and referral on immunization coverage in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INNER-CITY; IMPACT; RATES AB Background: The use of immunization assessment and referral (A/R) in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has been shown to produce dramatic improvements in vaccination coverage when coupled with parental incentive; however, data are lacking to support the use of A/R. alone. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of A/R in increasing immunization coverage among WIC participants. Design: Participating WIC centers were assigned to I of 3 interventions that delivered A/R of varying frequency or a control group. Setting: Twenty of the largest Public Health Foundation Enterprises-WIC centers in Los Angeles County. Participants: Children continuously enrolled in participating WIC centers from 6 to 24 months of age. Intervention: Assessment of child's vaccination status followed by referral to a health care provider for those lacking indicated vaccinations. Main Outcome Measure: Up-to-date (UTD) status at 24 months of age for all recommended vaccines. Results: Baseline coverage rates were similar among all study sites (overall, 77% UTD). After the study period, compared with the controls (88% UTD), we found no differences in immunization coverage among WIC centers that administered A/R at every visit (every 2 months) to all children (90% UTD; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-1.94), every 6 months to all children (89% UTD; OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.62-1.56), or every visit to children found to be behind at 8 months of age (89% UTD; OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.48-1.68). Conclusion: In this urban population of WIC children with high baseline immunization coverage, A/R was not effective in increasing immunization coverage. C1 Dept Hlth Serv, Cty Los Angeles, Publ Hlth Immunizat Program, Los Angeles, CA 90010 USA. Dept Hlth Sci, Immunizat Branch, Berkeley, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Fdn Enterprises, Special Supplemental Nutr Program Women Infants &, Irwindale, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Healthier Children Families & Communities, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ashkar, SH (reprint author), Dept Hlth Serv, Cty Los Angeles, Publ Hlth Immunizat Program, 3530 Wilshire Blvd,Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA 90010 USA. FU PHS HHS [317] NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 157 IS 5 BP 456 EP 462 DI 10.1001/archpedi.157.5.456 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 675FX UT WOS:000182684000007 PM 12742881 ER PT J AU Bertocci, GE Pierce, MC Deemer, E Aguel, F Janosky, JE Vogeley, E AF Bertocci, GE Pierce, MC Deemer, E Aguel, F Janosky, JE Vogeley, E TI Using test dummy experiments to investigate pediatric injury risk in simulated short-distance falls SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN FALL; BED; EQUIPMENT; SURFACES; SAFETY AB Background: Short-distance falls, such as from a bed, are often falsely reported scenarios in child abuse. In attempting to differentiate between abusive and nonabusive injury, knowledge of factors that affect injury risk in falls could prove useful. Objectives: To assess the biomechanics associated with simulated short-distance falls in children (one fall scenario, without attempting to maximize injury potential) and to investigate the effect of impact surface type on injury risk. Methods: Repeatable fall experiments from bed height (0.68 in) onto different surfaces were conducted using an instrumented side-lying Hybrid II 3-year-old test dummy. Biomechanical measures assessed in falls included head acceleration, pelvis acceleration, femur loading, and head injury criteria. Results: Fall dynamics resulted in the pelvis or legs making first contact. Biomechanical measures assessed in simulated bed falls were below known head injury criteria and lower extremity injury thresholds. The impact surface type had a significant effect on head injury risk and lower extremity loading. Playground foam proved to have the lowest associated injury risk of all the tested surfaces. Conclusions: The biomechanics of a child falling from a short distance, such as from a bed, were investigated using an experimental laboratory mock-up and an instrumented test dummy. Despite the impact surface having an effect on injury risk, rolling from a 0.68-m (27-in) horizontal surface from a side-lying posture presented low risk of contact-type head injury and leg injury on all tested impact surfaces.. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Rehabil Sci & Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Family Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Child Advocacy Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Ctr Injury Res & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Bertocci, GE (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Rehabil Sci & Technol, 5044 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 157 IS 5 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1001/archpedi.157.5.480 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 675FX UT WOS:000182684000011 PM 12742885 ER PT J AU Nayak, R Kenney, PB Keswani, J Ritz, C AF Nayak, R Kenney, PB Keswani, J Ritz, C TI Isolation and characterisation of Salmonella in a turkey production facility SO BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POULTRY; CONTAMINATION; SEROTYPES; FEED; COLONIZATION; CARCASES; CHICKEN; FARMS AB 1. A comprehensive ecological survey was conducted from April 1997 to June 1999 on 4 turkey flocks (F1 to F4) to identify key pre-harvest sources/vectors of Salmonella colonisation. 2. Turkey caecal and crop content, litter, drinker, air, feed, feeder and environmental swab samples were collected. Conventional microbiological and serological procedures were used to isolate, identify, and confirm the presence or absence of Salmonella. 3. Salmonella was isolated from 13% of litter, 11% of turkey caeca, 10% of drinker, 5% of environmental swab, 3% of feed and 1% of feeder samples. Salmonella heidelberg (65%), S. senftenberg (19%), S. muenster (10%), S. anatum (3%), and S. worthington (3%) were identified. 4. Identifying environmental sources associated with Salmonella colonisation and characterising serotypes would assist in designing pre-harvest controls for this poultry-borne pathogen. integrators and poultry producers may be able to design hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) protocols to reduce the incidence of Salmonella arriving at the processing plant. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. Univ Georgia, New Branch Expt Stn, Calhoun, GA USA. RP Kenney, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0007-1668 J9 BRIT POULTRY SCI JI Br. Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 IS 2 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1080/0007166031000088370 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 688EQ UT WOS:000183420900006 PM 12828204 ER PT J AU Slayton, RL Williams, L Murray, JC Wheeler, JJ Lidral, AC Nishimura, CJ AF Slayton, RL Williams, L Murray, JC Wheeler, JJ Lidral, AC Nishimura, CJ TI Genetic association studies of cleft lip and/or palate with hypodontia outside the cleft region SO CLEFT PALATE-CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cleft lip and palate; genetics; hypodontia ID FACTOR-ALPHA GENE; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; CANDIDATE GENES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; TOOTH AGENESIS; MSX1; CHILDREN; MUTATION; ABNORMALITIES; HUMANS AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the candidate genes previously studied in subjects with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both are associated with hypodontia outside the region of the cleft. Subjects: One hundred twenty subjects from the Iowa Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center were selected based on the availability of both dental records and genotype information. Method: The type of orofacial clefting and type and location of dental anomalies (missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, or peg laterals) were assessed by dental chart review and radiographic examination. Genotype analysis of candidate genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia in this sample was 47.5%, with 30.0% of subjects having missing teeth outside the cleft. There was a positive association between subjects with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate who had hypodontia outside the cleft region (compared with noncleft controls) and both muscle segment homeo box homolog 1 (MSX1) (p=.029) and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3) (p=.024). It was not possible in this analysis to determine whether this association was specifically associated with orofacial clefting combined with hypodontia or whether it was due primarily to the clefting phenotype. Conclusions: In this sample, there was a significantly greater incidence of hypodontia outside the cleft region in subjects with cleft lip and palate, compared with cleft lip only or cleft palate only. Cleft lip and/or palate with hypodontia outside the cleft region was positively associated with both TGFB3 and MSX1, compared with noncleft controls. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat Dent, Sch Dent, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Dept Hosp Dent, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Dept Orthodont, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Slayton, RL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat Dent, Sch Dent, SD 182,611 SW Campus Dr, Portland, OR 97239 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P60 DE 13076, K02 DE015291-05, K02 DE015291-02, R01 DE014667-01, R01 DE014667-05, K02 DE015291-04, R01 DE014667-02, R01 DE008559, R37 DE008559, K02 DE015291-03, R01 DE014667-04, R01 DE014667-07, P60 DE013076, K02 DE015291-01, R01 DE014667-03, R01 DE014667, R01 DE014667-08, K02 DE015291, DE 08559] NR 41 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1055-6656 J9 CLEFT PALATE-CRAN J JI Cleft Palate-Craniofac. J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1597/1545-1569(2003)040<0274:GASOCL>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery GA 682PZ UT WOS:000183101900008 PM 12733956 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Ramy, F Beltrami, EM AF Alvarado-Ramy, F Beltrami, EM TI New guidelines for occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HIV POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; C VIRUS; INFECTION; PREVENTION; RISK; SEROCONVERSION; MULTICENTER AB The US Public Health Service recently updated its guidelines for managing health care workers exposed to blood or other body fluids that might contain blood-borne viruses. The update addresses, among other things, timely administration of hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine, appropriate testing for hepatitis C exposure, and new information on prophylaxis after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Alvarado-Ramy, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop D-18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 70 IS 5 BP 457 EP 465 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 679DC UT WOS:000182904700010 PM 12779136 ER PT J AU Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Othoro, C Shi, YP Otieno, J Chaiyaroj, SC Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Othoro, C Shi, YP Otieno, J Chaiyaroj, SC Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Relationship between plasma interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 levels and severe malarial anemia in an area of holoendemicity in western Kenya SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; GAMMA-INDUCING FACTOR; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SUSCEPTIBLE A/J MICE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; IFN-GAMMA; CHABAUDI; IMMUNITY AB In this study, we investigated whether levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 in plasma are associated with severe malarial anemia outcomes in an area of holoendemicity in western Kenya. We compared plasma IL-12 and IL-18 levels in six groups of children grouped into the categories aparasitemic, asymptomatic, mild malaria, high-density uncomplicated malaria (UC), moderate malarial anemia (MMA), or severe malarial anemia (SMA). IL-12 levels were significantly reduced in children with SMA (P < 0.05) but not in other groups compared to children in the aparasiternic control group. IL-18, a cytokine known to be critical for the induction of gamma interferon along with IL-12, was produced more frequently (70%) in children with UC (P = 0.06) than in children in the aparasitemic control group (32%). However, in the SMA group the IL-18 response rate declined to 30%, which was similar to that in the aparasitemic control group, which showed a 32% response rate. This finding suggests that the IL-18 response may be impaired in children with SMA. In summary, the results from this study support the hypothesis that impairment of IL-12 and/or IL-18 response may contribute to the development of severe malarial anemia in areas of holoendemicity for malaria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.3.362-366.2003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 681EA UT WOS:000183022900006 PM 12738632 ER PT J AU Uyeki, TM Zane, SB Bodnar, UR Fielding, KL Buxton, JA Miller, JM Beller, M Butler, JC Fukuda, K Maloney, SA Cetron, MS AF Uyeki, TM Zane, SB Bodnar, UR Fielding, KL Buxton, JA Miller, JM Beller, M Butler, JC Fukuda, K Maloney, SA Cetron, MS CA Alaska Yukon Terr Resp Outbreak In TI Large summertime influenza A outbreak among tourists in Alaska and the Yukon Territory SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We investigated a large summertime outbreak of acute respiratory illness during May-September 1998 in Alaska and the Yukon Territory, Canada. Surveillance for acute respiratory illness (ARI), influenza-like illness (ILI), and pneumonia conducted at 31 hospital, clinic, and cruise ship infirmary sites identified 5361 cases of ARI ( including 2864 cases of ILI [53%] and 171 cases of pneumonia [3.2%]) occurring primarily in tourists and tourism workers (from 18 and 37 countries, respectively). Influenza A viruses were isolated from 41 of 210 patients with ILI at 8 of 14 land sites and 8 of 17 cruise ship infirmaries. Twenty-two influenza isolates were antigenically characterized, and all were influenza A/Sydney/05/97-like (H3N2) viruses. No other predominant pathogens were identified. We estimated that 133,000 cases of ARI might have occurred during this protracted outbreak, which was attributed primarily to influenza A/Sydney/05/97-like ( H3N2) viruses. Modern travel patterns may facilitate similar outbreaks, indicating the need for increased awareness about influenza by health care providers and travelers and the desirability of year-round influenza surveillance in some regions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemil Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Canada, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1095 EP 1102 DI 10.1086/374053 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 671QA UT WOS:000182474500002 PM 12715302 ER PT J AU Mazurek, GH Lobue, PA Daley, CL Bernardo, J Lardizabal, AA Iademarco, MF AF Mazurek, GH Lobue, PA Daley, CL Bernardo, J Lardizabal, AA Iademarco, MF TI Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Pulm & Crit Care, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulm & Crit Care, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Pulm, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Natl TB Ctr, TB Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Mazurek, GH (reprint author), CDC Mail Stop E10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1207 EP 1208 DI 10.1086/374671 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 671QA UT WOS:000182474500024 PM 12715323 ER PT J AU Bingley, PJ Bonifacio, E Mueller, PW AF Bingley, PJ Bonifacio, E Mueller, PW TI Diabetes antibody standardization program: First assay proficiency evaluation SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID ISLET-CELL ANTIBODIES; INSULIN AUTOANTIBODIES; RISK; MICROASSAY; WORKSHOP AB The aims of the first proficiency evaluation of the Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP) were to assess general implementation of assay methods and to evaluate the new World Health Organization (WHO) reference reagent. for autoantibodies to GAD and IA-2. Forty-six laboratories in 13 countries received coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 50 blood donor control subjects, together with the WHO reference reagent and diluent serum. Results were analyzed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Sensitivity was adjusted to 90% specificity in workshop controls. The median adjusted sensitivity for GADA (45 laboratories) was 84% (range 62-96%), for IA-2A (43 laboratories) was 58% (50-74%), and for insulin autoantibody (IAA; 23 laboratories) was 36% (13-66%). ROC curve analysis showed all GADA and IA-2A assays, and 18/23 IAA assays found significant differences between patients and control subjects. There was good concordance between laboratories in ranking of samples by GADA and IA-2A levels or if results were expressed in relation to the WHO reference reagent. Assays that achieved the highest sensitivity for IAA were also concordant in ranking samples, but overall concordance for IAA -was poor. Differences in assay protocols between laboratories must be addressed so that all centers and kit manufacturers can perform to the same high standard. C1 Univ Bristol, Div Med, Bristol, Avon, England. Ist Sci San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bingley, PJ (reprint author), Southmead Gen Hosp, Med Sch Unit, Bristol BS10 5NB, Avon, England. RI Bonifacio, Ezio/E-7700-2010 OI Bonifacio, Ezio/0000-0002-8704-4713 NR 13 TC 220 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD MAY PY 2003 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1128 EP 1136 DI 10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1128 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 674ED UT WOS:000182623500010 PM 12716742 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Benjamin, LE Steinkraus, GE AF Brandt, ME Benjamin, LE Steinkraus, GE TI Pseudooutbreak of Candida versatilitis fungemia in a microbiology laboratory SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB Candida versatilitis was isolated from 10 blood cultures that had been supplemented with olive oil to promote the growth of Malassezia spp., and from the stock olive oil bottle in the laboratory. This unusual non-pathogenic yeast isolate was readily identified by DNA sequencing methodology. This report also points out that care must be taken to ensure the sterility of supplements added to blood culture media. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Hanover Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Wilmington, NC 28402 USA. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 73 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(02)00573-4 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 684YJ UT WOS:000183233800013 PM 12742323 ER PT J AU Padmalayam, I Fiskus, W Massung, RF Baumstarki, BR AF Padmalayam, I Fiskus, W Massung, RF Baumstarki, BR TI Molecular cloning and analysis of a region of the Bartonella bacilliformis genome encoding NlpD, L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase and YajC homologs SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI CHROMOSOME; DIVISION PROTEIN FTSZ; LIPOPROTEIN; GENE; SEQUENCE AB The NlpD/LppB homolog of the human pathogen, Bartonella bacilliformis, is an immunogenic 43-kDa protein that is encoded by a 1206-by open reading frame (ORF-401). The regions flanking the nlpD/lppB gene of B. bacilliformis were sequenced to determine if it is located within the rpoS operon, as it is in most bacteria. We report that the B. bacilliformis nlpD/lppB gene is located immediately downstream of pcm, a gene encoding a 25-kDa protein, L-isoaspartyl protein carboxyl methyltransferase, that is a component of the rpoS operon in other bacteria. However, the genomic organization downstream of the B. bacilliformis nlpD/lppB gene appears to be distinct. In other bacteria, the third gene in the operon is rpoS, a gene that codes for an alternative sigma factor of RNA polymerase. In B. bacilliformis, an open reading frame encoding a protein homologous to the immunodominant YajC protein is located directly downstream of the nlpD/lppB gene. We show that Bartonella henselae, a close relative of B. bacilliformis, also shares this unusual organizational feature. Thus, the genomic organization of the nlpD/lppB genes of B. bacilliformis, and B. henselae appears to be unique among all bacteria for which the sequence of this region has been reported. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Padmalayam, I (reprint author), Reddy US Therapeut Inc, 3065 Northwoods Circle, Norcross, GA 30071 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 22 IS 5 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1089/104454903322216699 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 701FU UT WOS:000184158200006 PM 12941162 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Kaiser, RM Bales, ME Shutt, K Patrawalla, A McShan, A Tappero, JW Perkins, BA Dannenberg, AL AF Ashford, DA Kaiser, RM Bales, ME Shutt, K Patrawalla, A McShan, A Tappero, JW Perkins, BA Dannenberg, AL TI Planning against biological terrorism: Lessons from outbreak investigations SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC INTELLIGENCE SERVICE; DISEASE-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; CENTERS AB We examined outbreak investigations conducted around the world from 1988 to 1999 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Epidemic Intelligence Service. In 44 (4.0%) of 1,099 investigations, identified causative agents had bioterrorism potential. In six investigations, intentional use of infectious agents was considered. Healthcare providers reported 270 (24.6%) outbreaks and infection control practitioners reported 129 (11.7%); together they reported 399 (36.3%) of the outbreaks. Health departments reported 335 (30.5%) outbreaks. For six outbreaks in which bioterrorism or intentional contamination was possible, reporting was delayed for up to 26 days. We confirmed that the most critical component for bioterrorism outbreak detection and reporting is the frontline healthcare professional and the local health departments. Bioterrorism preparedness should emphasize education and support of this frontline as well as methods to shorten the time between outbreak and reporting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Bales, Michael/B-4731-2008; OI Bales, Michael/0000-0001-7988-5195; Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 11 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2003 VL 9 IS 5 BP 515 EP 519 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 673FN UT WOS:000182569700001 PM 12737732 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Yousseg, FG Luby, SP Wasfy, MO Rangel, JM Taalat, M Oun, SA Mahoney, FJ AF Crump, JA Yousseg, FG Luby, SP Wasfy, MO Rangel, JM Taalat, M Oun, SA Mahoney, FJ TI Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; ANTIBIOTIC USE; BONE-MARROW; DIAGNOSIS; VACCINE; URINE; MANAGEMENT AB To measure the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in Bilbeis District, Egypt, we conducted a household survey to determine patterns of health seeking among persons with fever. Then we established surveillance for 4 months among a representative sample of health providers who saw febrile patients. Health providers collected epidemiologic information and blood (for culture and serologic testing) from eligible patients. After adjusting for the provider sampling scheme, test sensitivity, and seasonality, we estimated that the incidence of typhoid fever was 13/100,000 persons per year, and the incidence of brucellosis was 18/100,000 persons per year in the district. This surveillance tool could have wide applications for surveillance for febrile illness in developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop A38,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2003 VL 9 IS 5 BP 539 EP 544 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 673FN UT WOS:000182569700005 PM 12737736 ER PT J AU Noguera-Obenza, M Ochoa, TJ Gomez, HF Guerrero, ML Herrera-Insua, I Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, G Pickering, LK Guzman, CA Cleary, TG AF Noguera-Obenza, M Ochoa, TJ Gomez, HF Guerrero, ML Herrera-Insua, I Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, G Pickering, LK Guzman, CA Cleary, TG TI Human milk secretory antibodies against attaching and effacing Escherichia coli antigens SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; HUMAN COLOSTRUM; SHIGA-TOXIN; BREAST-MILK; HEP-2 CELLS; HELA-CELLS; VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; SURFACE APPENDAGES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IGA ANTIBODIES AB Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a primary factor responsible for preventing attachment of enteropathogens to gut epithelium in breastfeeding infants. We compared the frequency of sIgA to major surface antigens of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in milk of 123 women from the United States and Mexico to determine whether regional differences existed in the frequency of antibodies to these surface antigens. In both groups of women, milk commonly has sIgA against various EHEC lipopolysaccharides, EspA, EspB, intimin, and less frequently against Shiga toxin. The study suggests that persons living in the U.S. are exposed to attaching/effacing enteropathogens more frequently than is generally assumed. The low frequency of antibodies to Stx1 (in 12% of Mexican and in 22% of U.S. samples) suggests that the rare appearance of hemolytic uremic syndrome in adults is not due to neutralization of toxin at the gut level. Only anti-EspA is found in most milk samples from both populations of women. EspA may represent a useful target for an immunization strategy to prevent EHEC disease in humans. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Pediat Infect Dis Div, Houston, TX 77040 USA. Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. GBF, German Natl Res Ctr Biotechnol, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Cleary, TG (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Pediat Infect Dis Div, 6431 Fannin,JFB 1-739, Houston, TX 77040 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD 13021-25, P01 HD013021] NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2003 VL 9 IS 5 BP 545 EP 551 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 673FN UT WOS:000182569700006 PM 12737737 ER PT J AU Chang, MH Glynn, MK Groseclose, SL AF Chang, MH Glynn, MK Groseclose, SL TI Endemic, notifiable bioterrorism-related diseases, United States, 1992-1999 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; OUTBREAK; ANTHRAX; CONTAMINATION; BOTULISM; SMALLPOX; CHOLERA AB Little information is available in the United States regarding the incidence and distribution of diseases caused by critical microbiologic agents with the potential for use in acts of terrorism. We describe disease-specific, demographic, geographic, and seasonal distribution of selected bioterrorism-related conditions (anthrax, botulism, brucellosis, cholera, plague, tularemia, and viral encephalitides) reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 1992 to 1999. Tularemia and brucellosis were the most frequently reported diseases. Anthrax, plague, western equine encephalitis, and eastern equine encephalitis were rare. Higher incidence rates for cholera and plague were noted in the western United States and for tularemia in the central United States. Overall, the incidence of conditions caused by these critical agents in the United States is low. Individual case reports should be considered sentinel events. For potential bioterrorism-related conditions that are endemic and have low incidence, the use of nontraditional surveillance methods and complementary data sources may enhance our ability to rapidly detect changes in disease incidence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chang, MH (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop K74, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2003 VL 9 IS 5 BP 556 EP 564 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 673FN UT WOS:000182569700008 PM 12737739 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Hummelman, EG Bresee, JS Miller, MA Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Hummelman, EG Bresee, JS Miller, MA Glass, RI TI Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; ORAL REHYDRATION; GASTROENTERITIS; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; VALIDATION; VACCINES; FEATURES AB To estimate the global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease, we reviewed studies published from 1986 to 2000 on deaths caused by diarrhea and on rotavirus infections in children. We assessed rotavirus-associated illness in three clinical settings (mild cases requiring home care alone, moderate cases requiring a clinic visit, and severe cases requiring hospitalization) and death rates in countries in different World Bank income groups. Each year, rotavirus causes approximately 111 million episodes of gastroenteritis requiring only home care, 25 million clinic visits, 2 million hospitalizations, and 352,000-592,000 deaths (median, 440,000 deaths) in children <5 years of age. By age 5, nearly every child will have an episode of rotavirus gastroenteritis, 1 in 5 will visit a clinic, 1 in 65 will be hospitalized, and approximately 1 in 293 will die. Children in the poorest countries account for 82% of rotavirus deaths. The tremendous incidence of rotavirus disease underscores the urgent need for interventions, such as vaccines, particularly to prevent childhood deaths in developing nations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uap2@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 1086 Z9 1210 U1 8 U2 59 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2003 VL 9 IS 5 BP 565 EP 572 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 673FN UT WOS:000182569700009 PM 12737740 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Barr, DB Camann, DE Kinney, PL Barr, JR Andrews, HF Hoepner, LA Garfinkel, R Hazi, Y Reyes, A Ramirez, J Cosme, Y Perera, FP AF Whyatt, RM Barr, DB Camann, DE Kinney, PL Barr, JR Andrews, HF Hoepner, LA Garfinkel, R Hazi, Y Reyes, A Ramirez, J Cosme, Y Perera, FP TI Contemporary-use pesticides in personal air samples during pregnancy and blood samples at delivery among urban minority mothers and newborns SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood levels; minority; pesticides; prenatal; residential; urban; women ID DIETARY EXPOSURE; CHLORPYRIFOS; CHILDREN AB We have measured 29 pesticides in plasma samples collected at birth between 1998 and 2001 from 230 mother and newborn pairs enrolled in the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health prospective cohort study. Our prior research has shown widespread pesticide use during pregnancy among this urban minority cohort from New York City. We also measured eight pesticides in 48-hr personal air samples collected from the mothers during pregnancy. The following seven pesticides were detected in 48-83% of plasma samples (range, 1-270 pg/g): the organophosphates chlorpyrifos and diazinon, the carbamates bendiocarb and 2-isopropoxyphenol (metabolite of propoxur), and the fungicides dicloran, phthalimide (metabolite of folpet and captan), and tetrahydrophthalimide (metabolite of captan and captafol). Maternal and cord plasma levels were similar and, except for phthalimide, were highly correlated (p < 0.001). Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur were detected in 100% of personal air samples (range, 0.7-6,010 ng/m(3)). Diazinon and propoxur levels were significantly higher in the personal air of women reporting use of an exterminator, can sprays, and/or pest bombs during pregnancy compared with women reporting no pesticide use or use of lower toxicity methods only. A significant correlation was seen between personal air level of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur and levels of these insecticides or their metabolites in plasma samples (maternal and/or cord, p < 0.05). The fungicide ortho-phenylphenol was also detected in 100% of air samples but was not measured in plasma. The remaining 22 pesticides were detected in 0-45% of air or plasma samples. Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, propoxur, and bendiocarb levels in air and/or plasma decreased significantly between 1998 and 2001. Findings indicate that pesticide exposures are frequent but decreasing and that the pesticides are readily transferred to the developing fetus during pregnancy. C1 Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Whyatt, RM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES09600, P01 ES009600, R01 ES008977, R01 ES06722, R01 ES08977, R01 ES11158]; PHS HHS [R827027, R82860901] NR 38 TC 150 Z9 151 U1 4 U2 13 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 BP 749 EP 756 DI 10.1289/ehp.5768 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 677CB UT WOS:000182788400034 PM 12727605 ER PT J AU Duty, SM Silva, MJ Barr, DB Brock, JW Ryan, L Chen, ZY Herrick, RF Christiani, DC Hauser, R AF Duty, SM Silva, MJ Barr, DB Brock, JW Ryan, L Chen, ZY Herrick, RF Christiani, DC Hauser, R TI Phthalate exposure and human semen parameters SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE semen quality; phthalate; urine; environment; human; epidemiology ID BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; MALE-RAT; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; QUALITY; SPERM; ESTERS; MEN; METABOLITES AB Background. There is scientific and public concern about commonly used chemicals, including phthalates, that are associated with reproductive toxicity in laboratory animals and are hormonally active. People are exposed to phthalates through diet, consumer products and medical devices. The present study explored whether environmental levels of phthalates are associated with altered semen quality in humans. Methods. We recruited 168 men who were part of subfertile couples and who presented to the Massachusetts General Hospital andrology laboratory for semen analysis between January 2000 and April 2001. Semen parameters were dichotomized based on 1999 World Health Organization reference values for sperm concentration (<20 million/ml) and motility (<50% motile), as well as Tygerberg Strict criteria for morphology (<4% normal). The comparison group was men for whom these semen parameters were all above the reference values. In urine, eight phthalate metabolites were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Specific gravity-adjusted phthalate metabolite levels were categorized into tertiles. Results. There was a dose-response relation between tertiles of mono-butyl phthalate and sperm motility (odds ratio per tertile = 1.0, 1.8, 3.0; P-value for trend 0.02) and sperm concentration (1.0, 1.4, 3.3; P-value for trend 0.07). In addition, there was a dose-response relation between tertiles of monobenzyl phthalate and sperm concentration (1.0, 1.4, 5.5; P-value for trend = 0.02). Conclusions. There were dose-response relations for monobutyl phthalate and monobenzyl phthalate with one or more semen parameters, and suggestive evidence for monomethyl phthalate with sperm morphology. The lack of a relation for other phthalates may indicate a difference in spermatotoxicity among phthalates. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09718, T32 ES07069] NR 43 TC 220 Z9 233 U1 7 U2 40 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1097/00001648-200305000-00005 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687TM UT WOS:000183393100005 PM 12859026 ER PT J AU Gilliam, A Barrington, T Davis, D Lacson, R Uhl, G Phoenix, U AF Gilliam, A Barrington, T Davis, D Lacson, R Uhl, G Phoenix, U TI Building evaluation capacity for HIV prevention programs SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE evaluation; program evaluation; technical assistance; capacity building; technology transfer; training ID STATE AB HIV prevention programs, even those using science-based interventions, need to conduct evaluation to support the implementation and transfer of effective interventions, account for services, demonstrate effectiveness, and improve programs. The Program Evaluation Research Branch of the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, assists health department grantees and other CDC grantees by providing evaluation guidance, technical assistance (TA), and training in order to build their HIV prevention program evaluation capacity. Together, these evaluation resources assist grantees with overall implementation of evaluation and identify specific types of evaluation appropriate to each stage of intervention development. This paper describes the evaluation developmental process for different types of evaluation activities, provides a framework for building evaluation capacity, discusses the evaluation resources provided by CDC and gives examples of how evaluation TA and training support the overall technology transfer goals. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Gilliam, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop e-59, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0149-7189(03)00012-0 PG 10 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 672EA UT WOS:000182507100003 PM 24011481 ER PT J AU Krousel-Wood, M Andersson, HC Rice, J Jackson, KE Rosner, ER Lubin, IM AF Krousel-Wood, M Andersson, HC Rice, J Jackson, KE Rosner, ER Lubin, IM TI Physicians' perceived usefulness of and satisfaction with test reports for cystic fibrosis (Delta F508) and factor V Leiden SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE factor V Leiden; cystic fibrosis; genetic test; test result reporting; physician satisfaction AB Purpose: We sought to determine whether variation in test-report content for cystic fibrosis (CF DeltaF508) and factor V Leiden (fVL) would impact physician-perceived usefulness of and satisfaction with test reports. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of US physicians from specialties likely to order the tests was performed. Physicians received an introductory letter with a clinical scenario, one randomly assigned mock report, and a one-page survey. The analyses evaluated usefulness of and satisfaction with report elements. Results: For CF and fVL, there were significant differences by mock-report version for most of the survey report items (P < 0.05) and for satisfaction (P < 0.0001); results revealed greater usefulness and satisfaction with more comprehensive reports. The three items in CF and fVL reports where physician-perceived usefulness was most highly correlated (R > 0.70) with satisfaction were (1) clinical decision-making information, (2) genetic counseling information, and (3) implications for family members. Conclusion: Opportunities exist to improve the usefulness of genetic test reports in clinical practice. C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Prevent Med Program, Outcomes Assessment Dept,Ochsner Clin Fdn, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Hayward Genet Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krousel-Wood, M (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Prevent Med Program, Outcomes Assessment Dept,Ochsner Clin Fdn, 1430 Tulane Ave,TB-3, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RI Krousel-Wood, Marie Antoinette/D-4718-2011 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 166 EP 171 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000066797.05220.85 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 709QT UT WOS:000184636400007 PM 12792424 ER PT J AU Cox, SM Faucett, WA Chen, B Dequeker, E Boone, DJ McGovern, MM Lubin, IM AF Cox, SM Faucett, WA Chen, B Dequeker, E Boone, DJ McGovern, MM Lubin, IM TI International genetic testing SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID QUALITY-CONTROL; LABORATORIES AB Significant efforts are underway in the United States and abroad to ensure the safe and effective use of genetic tests. By its very nature, the integration of genetics into clinical and public health practice is international in scope. Epidemiologic data from diverse populations in many regions of the world are being collected to determine genetic contributors to disease and which populations are at increased risk. For common genetic diseases or conditions, at-risk populations exist in many countries, and genetic testing for patients and their relatives is anticipated to be widely available in numerous laboratories (e.g., cystic fibrosis carrier screening in the Caucasian population). In contrast, for rare genetic conditions, testing may be available from very few laboratories, necessitating specimen and patient referrals across national boundaries. International referral of specimens occurs, particularly for testing associated with rare diseases. Therefore, it is important for clinical practitioners, laboratorians, and those who monitor and regulate genetic testing to consider the implications of such referrals in terms of test requisition, specimen transportation and handling, reporting practices, quality assurance, and ethical, social, and legal standards. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat & Genom Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Associat Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chicago, IL USA. Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Washington, DC USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Louvain, Belgium. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet & Pediat, New York, NY USA. RP Lubin, IM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Evaluat & Genom Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop G23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000067988.54780.2F PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 709QT UT WOS:000184636400009 PM 12792426 ER PT J AU Kirtava, A Drews, C Lally, C Dilley, A Evatt, B AF Kirtava, A Drews, C Lally, C Dilley, A Evatt, B TI Medical, reproductive and psychosocial experiences of women diagnosed with von Willebrand's disease receiving care in haemophilia treatment centres: a case-control study SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE von Willebrand's disease; women's health ID VONWILLEBRANDS DISEASE; MENORRHAGIA; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To assess the medical, gynaecological and reproductive experiences of women with von Willebrand's disease (VWD) and to evaluate the impact of VWD on mental health and life activities. Methods: A total of 102 women with VWD who were registered in haemophilia treatment Centres (HTCs) in the United States and 88 controls were interviewed regarding medical, gynaecological and reproductive history, life activities and symptoms of depression. Symptoms of depression were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: Excessive bleeding symptoms were reported in 74% of VWD cases compared with 6% of controls. Women with VWD had a higher prevalence of menorrhagia, excessive postpartum bleeding, other gynaecological conditions, arthritis and migraine headaches than did controls. More VWD cases than controls reported that menstruation had a negative impact on overall life activities. No difference in the prevalence of depression was found between cases and controls. Discussion: Women with VWD experience menorrhagia and other gynaecological conditions at a higher frequency than women without bleeding disorders. Menstruation in women with VWD has a negative impact on life activities. The prevalence of depression was not elevated in this group of women whose VWD is being managed in an HTC. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kirtava, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAY PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00756.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 666PD UT WOS:000182184900009 PM 12694520 ER PT J AU Richet, HM Benbachir, M Brown, DEJ Giamarellou, H Gould, I Gubina, M Heczko, P Kalenic, S Pana, M Pittet, D Ben Redjeb, S Schindler, J Starling, C Struelens, MJ Witte, W Jarvis, WR AF Richet, HM Benbachir, M Brown, DEJ Giamarellou, H Gould, I Gubina, M Heczko, P Kalenic, S Pana, M Pittet, D Ben Redjeb, S Schindler, J Starling, C Struelens, MJ Witte, W Jarvis, WR CA INSPEAR TI Are there regional variations in the diagnosis, surveillance, and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE; HOSPITAL OUTBREAK; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; INFECTION-CONTROL; ENTEROCOCCI; DISSEMINATION; MRSA; CEPHALOSPORINS AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the way healthcare facilities (HCFs) diagnose, survey, and control methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). DESIGN: Questionnaire. SETTING: Ninety HCFs in 30 countries. RESULTS: Evaluation of susceptibility testing methods showed that 8 laboratories (9%) used oxacillin disks with antimicrobial content different from the one recommended, 12 (13%) did not determine MRSA susceptibility to vancomycin, and 4 (4.5%) reported instances of isolation of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus but neither confirmed this resistance nor alerted public health authorities. A MRSA control program was reported by 55 (61.1%) of the HCFs. The following isolation precautions were routinely used: hospitalization in a private room (34.4%), wearing of gloves (62.2%), wearing of gowns (44.4%), hand washing by healthcare workers (53.3%), use of an isolation sign on the patient's door (43%), or all four. When the characteristics of HCFs with low incidence rates (< 0.4 per 1,000 patient-days) were compared with those of HCFs with high incidence rates (greater than or equal to 0.4 per 1,000 patient-days), having a higher mean number of beds per infection control nurse was the only factor significantly associated with HCFs with high incidence rates (834 vs 318 beds; P = .02). CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the urgent need to strengthen the microbiologic and epidemiologic capacities of HCFs worldwide to prevent MRSA transmission and to prepare them to address the possible emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Invest & Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Hosp Ibn Rochd, Microbiol Lab, Casablanca, Morocco. Addenbrookes Hosp, Clin Microbiol & Publ Hlth Lab, Cambridge, England. Sismanoglio Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med 4, Maroussi, Greece. Aberdeen Royal Infirm, NHS Trust, Aberdeen, Scotland. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Jagiellonian Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Krakow, Poland. Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Mol Microbiol, Zagreb 41001, Croatia. Inst Cantacuzino, Streptococcus Natl Reference Ctr, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Hosp Geneva, Unite Prevent & Controle Infect, Geneva, Switzerland. Hop Charles Nicolle, Bacteriol Lab, Tunis, Tunisia. Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 3, Dept Med Microbiol, Prague, Czech Republic. Felicio Rocho Hosp, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Vera Cruz Hosp, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Sao Francisco Hosp, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Libre Brussels, Hop Erasme, Dept Microbiol, Brussels, Belgium. Robert Koch Inst, Bunderinst Infekt Krankenheiten, Wernigerode, Germany. RP Richet, HM (reprint author), Hop Nantes, Inst Biol, Lab Bacteriol Virol Hyg Hosp, 9 Quai MOncousu,BP 1005, F-44093 Nantes 01, France. OI Giamarellou, Helen/0000-0002-7387-5065 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 334 EP 341 DI 10.1086/502216 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 678XV UT WOS:000182892700010 PM 12785406 ER PT J AU Hageman, JC Fridkin, SK Mohammed, JM Steward, CD Gaynes, RP Tenover, FC AF Hageman, JC Fridkin, SK Mohammed, JM Steward, CD Gaynes, RP Tenover, FC TI Antimicrobial proficiency testing of national nosocomial infections surveillance system hospital laboratories SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; VANCOMYCIN-INTERMEDIATE; QUALITY-CONTROL; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CLINICAL LABORATORIES; RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ABILITY; EMERGENCE AB OBJECTIVE: The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System personnel report trends in antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. To validate select antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and to identify test methods that tend to produce errors, we conducted proficiency, testing among NNIS System hospital laboratories. SETTING: NNIS System hospital laboratories in the United States. METHODS: Each laboratory received five organisms (ie, an imipenem-resistant Serratia marcescens, an oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, a vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus epidermidis, and an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESbetaL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae). Testing results were compared with reference testing results from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: Of 138 laboratories. testing imipenem against the Serratia marcescens strain, 110 (80%) correctly reported minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) or zone sizes in the resistant range. All 193 participating laboratories correctly reported the Staphylococcus aureus strain as oxacillin resistant. Of the 193 laboratories, 169 (88%) reported correct MICs or zone sizes for the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. One hundred sixty-two (84%) of 193 laboratories demonstrated the ability to detect a vancomycin-intermediate strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis; however, disk diffusion performed poorly when testing both staphylococci and enterococci with vancomycin. Although laboratory personnel correctly reported nonsusceptible extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam results for K pneumoniae, only 98 (51%) of 193 correctly reported this organism as an ESbetaL producer. CONCLUSION: Overall, NNIS System hospital laboratory personnel detected most emerging resistance patterns. Disk diffusion continues to be unreliable for vancomycin testing of staphylococci and must be used cautiously for enterococci. Further education on the processing of ESbetal-producing organisms is warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hageman, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 356 EP 361 DI 10.1086/502214 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 678XV UT WOS:000182892700014 PM 12785410 ER PT J AU Muto, CA Jernigan, JA Ostrowsky, BE Richet, HM Jarvis, WR Boyce, JM Farr, BM AF Muto, CA Jernigan, JA Ostrowsky, BE Richet, HM Jarvis, WR Boyce, JM Farr, BM TI SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; MOUSE GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTION; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; HAND-HYGIENE REGIMENS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT; RISK-FACTORS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATIENT-CARE AB BACKGROUND: Infection control programs were created three decades ago to control antibiotic-resistant healthcare-associated infections, but there has been little evidence of control in most facilities. After long, steady increases of MRSA and VRE infections in NNIS System hospitals, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Board of Directors made reducing antibiotic-resistant infections a strategic SHEA goal in January 2000. After 2 more years without improvement, a SHEA task force was appointed to draft this evidence-based guideline on preventing nosocomial transmission of such pathogens, focusing on the two considered most out of control: MRSA and VRE. METHODS: Medline searches were conducted spanning 1966 to 2002. Pertinent abstracts of unpublished studies providing sufficient data were included. RESULTS: Frequent antibiotic therapy in healthcare settings provides a selective advantage for resistant flora, but wpatients with MRSA or VRE usually acquire it via spread. The CDC has long-recommended contact precautions for patients colonized or infected with such pathogens. Most facilities have required this as policy, but have not actively identified colonized patients with surveillance cultures, leaving most colonized patients undetected and unisolated. Many studies have shown control of endemic and/or epidemic MRSA and VRE infections using surveillance cultures and contact precautions, demonstrating consistency of evidence, high strength of association, reversibility, a dose gradient, and specificity for control with this approach. Adjunctive control measures are also discussed. CONCLUSION: Active surveillance cultures are essential to identify the reservoir for spread of MRSA and VRE infections and make control possible using the CDC's long-recommended contact precautions. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Div Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Nantes, Nantes, France. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Hosp St Raphael, Div Hosp Epidemiol, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Syst, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Muto, CA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Div Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, 3471 5th St,1215 Kaufmann Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 353 TC 792 Z9 805 U1 7 U2 56 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 362 EP 386 DI 10.1086/502213 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 678XV UT WOS:000182892700015 PM 12785411 ER PT J AU Johnson, SR Sandul, AL Parekh, M Wang, SA Knapp, JS Trees, DL AF Johnson, SR Sandul, AL Parekh, M Wang, SA Knapp, JS Trees, DL TI Mutations causing in vitro resistance to azithromycin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE azithromycin; multiple transferable resistance efflux system; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ID EFFLUX SYSTEM; MTRR AB In 1999, a cluster of gonococcal isolates exhibiting high Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs), to azithromycin (2.0-4.0 mg/1) were identified in Kansas City, MO. Isolates were characterized by auxotype/serovar class, lipoprotein (Lip) subtyping and sequencing of the mtrR gene, which has been implicated in decreased azithromycin susceptibility in the gonococcus. Isolates were Pro/IB-3 and contained the 17c Lip subtype. Molecular characterization of the rntrR gene revealed a 153 base pair insertion sequence located between the mtrR/mtrC promoter and the mtrC gene. Some isolates also contained a frame shift within the mtrR gene. Transformation of these mutations into an azithromycin-sensitive recipient strain resulted in transformants with MICs as high as 2.0 mg/l and inactivation of the mtrD gene reduced azithromycin MICs 270-fold. These results demonstrated that the mtr mutations were responsible for the increased MICs in these isolates. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Gonorrhea Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Trees, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Gonorrhea Res Branch, Mailstop C-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD MAY PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 414 EP 419 DI 10.1016/S0924-8579(03)00039-6 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 681JQ UT WOS:000183033400004 PM 12727073 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, SD Layde, PM DiFfranceisco, W Chesson, HW AF Pinkerton, SD Layde, PM DiFfranceisco, W Chesson, HW CA NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trai TI All STDs are not created equal: an analysis of the differential effects of sexual behaviour changes on different STDs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE sexual behaviour; transmission; prevention ID BERNOULLI-PROCESS MODEL; CONDOM USE; TRANSMITTED DISEASE; RISK-REDUCTION; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; HIV-INFECTION; CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; PREVENTION TRIALS; INTERVENTION; NETWORKS AB The same sexual behaviours that transmit HIV are implicated in the transmission of certain other STDs, including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis. Consequently, it is often assumed that preventive methods that are effective against HIV should be equally effective against other STDs. The purpose of this study was to examine this assumption. We applied a mathematical model of HIV/STD transmission to empirical data from a large HIV prevention intervention that stressed sexual behaviour change. We modelled the effects of two behavioural strategies-reducing the number of sex partners and increasing condom use-on the proportionate change in intervention participants' cumulative risk of acquiring HIV or a highly-infectious STD, such as gonorrhoea. The results of this modelling exercise indicate that decreasing the number of partners is a more effective strategy for reducing STD risk than it is for HIV risk. In contrast, condoms are somewhat more effective at reducing the cumulative transmission risk for HIV than for highly infectious STDs. The protection provided by condoms for multiple acts of intercourse critically depends on the infectiousness of the STD. The results of this study suggest caution in extrapolating from one STD to another, or from one behavioural risk reduction strategy to another. C1 Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Family & Community Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pinkerton, SD (reprint author), Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01-MH56830, P30-MH52776, K02-MH01919] NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAY PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 BP 320 EP 328 DI 10.1258/095646203321605521 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 677MG UT WOS:000182811700006 PM 12803939 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Espinal, M Beggs, A Laing, R Preger, J Castro, K Cegielski, JP De Luca, N Laserson, K Walton, W Wells, C Erokhin, V Mishin, V Vassilieva, I Karataev, ON Drobniewski, F Brander, L Katila, ML Malakhov, I Safonova, S Sheyanenko, O Starchenkova, N Farmer, P Hiatt, H Kim, J Mukherjee, J Murray, M Becerra, M Nardell, E Palmero, DJ Bonilla, C Solovic, I Mahmud, AM Rahman, A Melnyk, VM Portaels, F Creach, P Billo, N Repina, E Rakhishev, G Pechiorina, I Squire, SB Coker, R Arora, VK Sloutsky, A Timperi, R Henkens, M Lafontaine, D Slavuckij, A Vezhnina, N Cullinan, T Healing, T Weyer, K Heifets, L Iseman, M Lee, DH Park, SK Chaulet, P Gajardo, NZ Mata, Z Danilovits, M Vink, K Khechinashvili, G Louissant, M Ismailov, S Kibuga, D Leimane, V Davidaviciene, E Ferreira, E MacArthur, A Bam, DS Alarcon, E Suarez, PG De Marco, JR Reichmann, LB Salfinger, M Hasler, T Ovreberg, K Ringdal, T Garcia, JB Barry, D Castro, A Mitnick, C Rich, M Seung, K Livchane, E Passetchnikov, A Ponomarenko, O Trusov, A Mariandyshev, A Strelis, AK Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, C Perelmann, MI Borstchevsky, V Torun, T Leimane, V Hoffner, S Sillastu, H Barid, S Hinman, A Rosenberg, ML Schieffelbein, C Arnadottir, T Peremitin, G Tonkel, T Tupasi, T Perez, HL Burgos, M Jurkuvenas, V Kimerling, M Hopewell, P Bacheller, S Bloom, A St Antoine, JJ Tayler, Y Weil, D Aziz, M Cruz, JR Espinal, M Figueroa, R Gupta, R Lee, JW Ottmani, SE Raviglione, M Seita, A Smith, I Zaleskis, R Cho, SN AF Gupta, R Espinal, M Beggs, A Laing, R Preger, J Castro, K Cegielski, JP De Luca, N Laserson, K Walton, W Wells, C Erokhin, V Mishin, V Vassilieva, I Karataev, ON Drobniewski, F Brander, L Katila, ML Malakhov, I Safonova, S Sheyanenko, O Starchenkova, N Farmer, P Hiatt, H Kim, J Mukherjee, J Murray, M Becerra, M Nardell, E Palmero, DJ Bonilla, C Solovic, I Mahmud, AM Rahman, A Melnyk, VM Portaels, F Creach, P Billo, N Repina, E Rakhishev, G Pechiorina, I Squire, SB Coker, R Arora, VK Sloutsky, A Timperi, R Henkens, M Lafontaine, D Slavuckij, A Vezhnina, N Cullinan, T Healing, T Weyer, K Heifets, L Iseman, M Lee, DH Park, SK Chaulet, P Gajardo, NZ Mata, Z Danilovits, M Vink, K Khechinashvili, G Louissant, M Ismailov, S Kibuga, D Leimane, V Davidaviciene, E Ferreira, E MacArthur, A Bam, DS Alarcon, E Suarez, PG De Marco, JR Reichmann, LB Salfinger, M Hasler, T Ovreberg, K Ringdal, T Garcia, JB Barry, D Castro, A Mitnick, C Rich, M Seung, K Livchane, E Passetchnikov, A Ponomarenko, O Trusov, A Mariandyshev, A Strelis, AK Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, C Perelmann, MI Borstchevsky, V Torun, T Leimane, V Hoffner, S Sillastu, H Barid, S Hinman, A Rosenberg, ML Schieffelbein, C Arnadottir, T Peremitin, G Tonkel, T Tupasi, T Perez, HL Burgos, M Jurkuvenas, V Kimerling, M Hopewell, P Bacheller, S Bloom, A St Antoine, JJ Tayler, Y Weil, D Aziz, M Cruz, JR Espinal, M Figueroa, R Gupta, R Lee, JW Ottmani, SE Raviglione, M Seita, A Smith, I Zaleskis, R Cho, SN CA Stop TB Working Grp TI A prioritised research agenda for DOTS-Plus for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material DE drug resistance; tuberculosis; research; DOTS-Plus ID HEALTH C1 WHO, CDS, STB, TBS, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Calcutta Res, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cent TB Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. TB Hosp, Dontesk Reg Clin, Donetsk, Ukraine. Dulwich Publ Hlth Lab, Dulwich, England. Finnish Lung Hlth Assoc, Helsinki, Finland. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium. Int Union Against TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. Ivanovo TB Dispensary, Ivanovo, Russia. Kemerovo Oblast TB Dispensary, Kemerovo, Russia. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Med Sans Frontiers, Brussels, Belgium. Med Emergency Relief Int, London, England. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Natl Masan TB Hosp, Masan, South Korea. New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Reg TB Tomsk Reg, Tomsk, Russia. Royal Netherlands TB Assoc, The Hague, Netherlands. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Tartu Univ Hosp, Tartu, Estonia. Tomsk Oblast TB Dispensary, Tomsk, Russia. Tomsk TB Serv, Tomsk, Russia. Trop Dis Fdn, Makati, Philippines. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), WHO, CDS, STB, TBS, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM guptara@who.int; espinalm@who.int RI Castro, Arachu/L-6664-2014; OI Castro, Arachu/0000-0003-0428-9174; DE LUCA, Nicola/0000-0002-9606-6586 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 EI 1815-7920 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 7 IS 5 BP 410 EP 414 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 678LT UT WOS:000182869200003 PM 12757039 ER PT J AU Li, JH Driver, CR Munsiff, SS Yip, R Fujiwara, PI AF Li, JH Driver, CR Munsiff, SS Yip, R Fujiwara, PI TI Differential decline in tuberculosis incidence among US- and non-US-born persons in New York City SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; incidence case rate; epidemiology; immigrants ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RUSSIA AB SETTING: A large urban tuberculosis control program. OBJECTIVES: To examine changes in tuberculosis incidence and characteristics of cases in New York City (NYC), and assess the epidemiology of tuberculosis among non-US-born persons. DESIGN: Tuberculosis surveillance data (1995-1999) for NYC were analyzed. RESULTS: Tuberculosis incidence decreased by 56.6% in US-born and 19.6% in non-US-born persons (age-adjusted) over the study period. The decline in tuberculosis incidence among US-born persons was more substantial in the first half of the study period (23-24%) than in the second half (13-15%). The greatest decline in incidence was among US-born Hispanic or Black males aged 25-64. However, although there was an SUMMARY overall decline in incidence among non-US-born persons, there was no significant change in any sex or racial/ethnic subgroup. The percent of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cases among non-US-born patients remained stable, but recent arrivals accounted for 79% of non-US-born MDR-TB patients in 1999, a significant increase from 16% in 1997. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing current tuberculosis control efforts and treatment of immigrants with latent tuberculosis infection are of highest priority for reducing incident cases in NYC. Global collaboration towards earlier detection and treatment of active tuberculosis cases in high incidence countries is also essential. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, TB Control Program, New York, NY 10007 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, TB Control Program, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor,Box 72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 7 IS 5 BP 451 EP 457 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 678LT UT WOS:000182869200010 PM 12757046 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Rogol, AD Lindsey, JC Wilson, CM Hughes, MD Seage, GR Oleske, JM Rogers, LS AF Buchacz, K Rogol, AD Lindsey, JC Wilson, CM Hughes, MD Seage, GR Oleske, JM Rogers, LS CA Pediat AIDS Clinical Trials Grp 21 TI Delayed onset of pubertal development in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; puberty; perinatal; children; adolescents; adrenarche ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; BLOOD-INSTITUTE GROWTH; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; HEMOPHILIA GROWTH; NATIONAL-HEART; SOMATIC GROWTH; BOYS AB Objective: To examine whether greater severity of HIV infection is associated with delayed initiation of pubertal development among perinatally HIV-infected children, and to compare sexual maturation of perinatally HIV-infected children with children in the general US population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, the authors studied 983 HIV-infected children aged 6 to 18 years, who had Tanner stage assessed on at least two occasions between 1995 and 2000. Analyses were conducted separately for girls and boys to identify factors associated with onset of puberty or adrenarche (progression beyond Tanner stage 1). Results: Among children who were in Tanner stage 1 at their first assessment, 185 of 413 (45%) girls and 144 of 434 (33%) boys entered puberty during the observation period. In multivariate longitudinal regression analyses adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, time interval between study visits, and other clinical factors, girls with severe immunosuppression (CD4% <15) were significantly less likely to enter adrenarche (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.83) and puberty (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.96) compared with girls who were not immunosuppressed (CD4% greater than or equal to25). For boys, those with severe immunosuppression were significantly less likely to enter adrenarche (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.96) and tended to be less likely to begin puberty (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.39-1.22) compared with boys who were not immunosuppressed. Qualitative comparisons suggested that HIV-infected children may experience delayed puberty and adrenarche compared with similarly aged children in the general US population. Conclusions: Immunosuppression was associated with delayed pubertal onset in perinatally HIV-infected children. Further studies of perinatally HIV-infected and uninfected children are needed to better quantify the delay in pubertal onset and to compare the pace of pubertal maturation. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Insmed Inc, Glen Allen, VA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Oleske, James/C-1951-2016 OI Oleske, James/0000-0003-2305-5605 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1U01- AI-41110]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-3-3162] NR 46 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 677KD UT WOS:000182805400009 PM 12792356 ER PT J AU Choopanya, K Des Jarlais, DC Vanichseni, S Mock, PA Kitayaporn, F Sangkhum, U Prasithiphol, B Hiranrus, K van Griensven, F Tappero, JW Mastro, ID AF Choopanya, K Des Jarlais, DC Vanichseni, S Mock, PA Kitayaporn, F Sangkhum, U Prasithiphol, B Hiranrus, K van Griensven, F Tappero, JW Mastro, ID TI HIV risk reduction in a cohort of injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; risk reduction; injecting drug users (IDUs); substance abuse; Bangkok, Thailand ID TEMPORAL TRENDS; SUBTYPE-E; INFECTION AB Objective: To determine changes in risk behavior in relation to study participation among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods: During 1995-1996, 1,209 HIV-seronegative IDUs were recruited from Bangkok Metropolitan Administration drug abuse treatment programs to participate in a prospective cohort study. Study visits occurred every 4 months, at which the participants underwent an interview to assess risk behavior and HIV counseling and testing. Eight hundred nine of the IDUs were considered "long-term" participants, who remained in the study through at least the first four scheduled follow-up visits (16 months). Injection risk behavior at each study visit was measured on a four-point scale strongly associated with incident HIV infections in the cohort. Individual regression slopes were used to assess changes in injection risk behavior (risk increase, no change, or risk reduction). Results: Of the 806 long-term study participants, 79% showed declines, 4% showed no change, and 17% showed increases in injection risk behavior. The percentage of participants in the highest-risk category (injecting daily or more frequently and sharing needles and syringes) declined from 42% at baseline to 3% at the final follow-up visit. Being in methadone maintenance treatment was associated with stable low rates of injection risk behavior, while recruitment from the 45-day detoxification treatment was associated with reductions in injection risk behavior. The risk reduction was independent of decline in risk behavior among IDUs in the community at large. Conclusions: Participation in this cohort study was associated with substantial declines in injection risk behavior. This information is important in the evaluation of possible adverse behavioral effects of participation in future preventive HIV vaccine trials including IDUs, particularly in developing country settings. C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baronn Edmond Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baronn Edmond Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, 1st Ave & 16th St, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 88 EP 95 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 677KD UT WOS:000182805400013 PM 12792360 ER PT J AU Navarro, VJ St Louis, TE Bell, BP AF Navarro, VJ St Louis, TE Bell, BP TI Identification of patients with hepatitis C virus infection in new haven county primary care practices SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C detection; liver disease; primary care ID UNITED-STATES; PHYSICIANS AB Background: Primary care providers (PCPs) must identify persons at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, test them correctly, refer to subspecialists, and use published guidelines. The objectives of this study were to describe HCV practices of New Haven County PCPs. Study: All 652 PCPs in New Haven County, Connecticut, were surveyed to determine practices related to hepatitis C, including risk factor ascertainment, testing routines, use of published guidelines, and referral practices. Results: Of 181 eligible respondents, 143 (79%) were internal medicine physicians and 38 (21%) were family practitioners. Eighty-four PCPs (46%) routinely asked about a history of blood transfusion, and 112 (62%) routinely asked about a history of injection drug use (IDU). Most PCPs would test current or past IDU (91% versus 83%, respectively), persons transfused prior to 1992 (79%), health care workers with a history of a needle stick accident (88%), and a child born to an HCV-infected mother (76%). PCPs frequently referred patients with hepatitis C to gastroenterologists. Most PCPs (76%) were familiar with available hepatitis C testing guidelines. Conclusions: Most PCPs test for HCV infection appropriately, but many do not elicit risk factor histories that could identify such persons. More effective training with emphasis on eliciting a history of pertinent risk factors is needed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Jefferson Med Coll, Philadelphia, PA 19127 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Navarro, VJ (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Jefferson Med Coll, Suite 480,132 S 10th St, Philadelphia, PA 19127 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 36 IS 5 BP 431 EP 435 DI 10.1097/00004836-200305000-00015 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 669WZ UT WOS:000182374600015 PM 12702988 ER PT J AU Makarova, NU Pokrowsky, VV Kravchenko, AV Serebrovskaya, LV James, MJ McNeil, MA Lasker, BA Warnock, DW Reiss, E AF Makarova, NU Pokrowsky, VV Kravchenko, AV Serebrovskaya, LV James, MJ McNeil, MA Lasker, BA Warnock, DW Reiss, E TI Persistence of oropharyngeal Candida albicans strains with reduced susceptibilities to fluconazole among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive children and adults in a long-term care facility SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; ORAL CANDIDIASIS; RESISTANT CANDIDA; POSITIVE PATIENTS; AIDS; EMERGENCE; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION AB Nineteen oropharyngeal Candida albicans isolates from six children and seven adults living with AIDS at the Russia AIDS Centre, Moscow, from 1990 to 1998 were selected for molecular typing. Two fluconazole-resistant C. albicans genotypes were identified from a child who contracted human immunodeficiency virus infection during the Elista Hospital outbreak in the Kalmyk Republic in 1989. Highly related strains were observed 4 years later in the oral lesions and colonization of two patients and a health care worker. There may be a tendency for persons who are living with AIDS in a long-term care facility and who receive fluconazole therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis to harbor and spread fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains. C1 NCID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Russia AIDS Ctr, Cent Inst Epidemiol, Dept Lab Med, Lab Bacteriol & Mycol, Moscow, Russia. RP Reiss, E (reprint author), NCID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1833 EP 1837 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.1833-1837.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500004 PM 12734213 ER PT J AU Filliol, I Driscoll, JR van Soolingen, D Kreiswirth, BN Kremer, K Valetudie, G Anh, DD Barlow, R Banerjee, D Bifani, PJ Brudey, K Cataldi, A Cooksey, RC Cousins, DV Dale, JW Dellagostin, OA Drobniewski, F Engelmann, G Ferdinand, S Gascoyne-Binzi, D Gordon, M Gutierrez, MC Haas, WH Heersma, H Kassa-Kelembho, E Ly, HM Makristathis, A Mammina, C Martin, G Mostrom, P Mokrousov, I Narbonne, V Narvskaya, O Nastasi, A Niobe-Eyangoh, SN Pape, JW Rasolofo-Razanamparany, V Ridell, M Rossetti, ML Stauffer, F Suffys, PN Takiff, H Texier-Maugein, J Vincent, V de Waard, JH Sola, C Rastogi, N AF Filliol, I Driscoll, JR van Soolingen, D Kreiswirth, BN Kremer, K Valetudie, G Anh, DD Barlow, R Banerjee, D Bifani, PJ Brudey, K Cataldi, A Cooksey, RC Cousins, DV Dale, JW Dellagostin, OA Drobniewski, F Engelmann, G Ferdinand, S Gascoyne-Binzi, D Gordon, M Gutierrez, MC Haas, WH Heersma, H Kassa-Kelembho, E Ly, HM Makristathis, A Mammina, C Martin, G Mostrom, P Mokrousov, I Narbonne, V Narvskaya, O Nastasi, A Niobe-Eyangoh, SN Pape, JW Rasolofo-Razanamparany, V Ridell, M Rossetti, ML Stauffer, F Suffys, PN Takiff, H Texier-Maugein, J Vincent, V de Waard, JH Sola, C Rastogi, N TI Snapshot of moving and expanding clones of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their global distribution assessed by spoligotyping in an international study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEIJING GENOTYPE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; COMPLEX STRAINS; VARIABLE-NUMBER; TRANSMISSION; POLYMORPHISM; BACTERIA; REPEATS; REGION AB The present update on the global distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex spoligotypes provides both the octal and binary descriptions of the spoligotypes for M. tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium bovis, from >90 countries (13,008 patterns grouped into 813 shared types containing 11,708 isolates and 1,300 orphan patterns). A number of potential indices were developed to summarize the information on the biogeographical specificity of a given shared type, as well as its geographical spreading (matching code and spreading index, respectively). To facilitate the analysis of hundreds of spoligotypes each made up of a binary succession of 43 bits of information, a number of major and minor visual rules were also defined. A total of six major rules (A to F) with the precise description of the extra missing spacers (minor rules) were used to define 36 major clades (or families) of M. tuberculosis. Some major clades identified were the East African-Indian (EAI) clade, the Beijing clade, the Haarlem clade, the Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) clade, the Central Asian (CAS) clade, a European clade of IS6110 low banders (X; highly prevalent in the United States and United Kingdom), and a widespread yet poorly defined clade (T). When the visual rules defined above were used for an automated labeling of the 813 shared types to define nine superfamilies of strains (Mycobacterium africanum, Beijing, M. bovis, EAI, CAS, T, Haarlem, X, and LAM), 96.9% of the shared types received a label, showing the potential for automated labeling of M. tuberculosis families in well-defined phylogeographical families. Intercontinental matches of shared types among eight continents and subcontinents (Africa, North America, Central America, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Far East) are analyzed and discussed. C1 Inst Pasteur Guadeloupe, Unite TB & Mycobacterias, Pointe a Pitre 97165, Guadeloupe. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, TB Ctr, Newark, NJ USA. Diag Lab Infect Dis, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Perinatal Screening RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Leeds Gen Infirm, Dept Microbiol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. St George Hosp, Sch Med, London, England. Dulwich Hosp, PHLS, Mycobacterium Reference Unit, London SE22 8PT, England. Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. INTA, Inst Biotechnol, Moron, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Australian Reference Lab Bovine TB, Dept Agr, S Perth, WA, Australia. Univ Fed Pelotas, Ctr Biotechnol, Pelotas, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, FIOCRUZ, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Heidelberg, Childrens Hosp, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Bundesinst Gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz & V, Jena, Germany. Inst Pasteur, Ctr Natl Reference Mycobacteries, Paris, France. CHU Brest, Bacteriol Lab, F-29285 Brest, France. CHU Bordeaux, Bacteriol Lab, Bordeaux, France. Inst Pasteur, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. Univ Vienna, Inst Hyg, Klin Mikrobiol, Vienna, Austria. Bundesstaatliche Bakteriol Serolog Untersuchungst, Vienna, Austria. Univ Palermo, Dept Hyg & Microbiol, Palermo, Italy. Univ Florence, Dept Publ Hlth, Florence, Italy. St Petersburg Pasteur Inst, Mol Microbiol Lab, St Petersburg, Russia. INLR, Ctr Gheskio, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Inst Pasteur Madagascar, Tananarive, Madagascar. Univ Gothenburg, Inst Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. IVIC, Ctr Microbiol & Biol Celular, Genet Mol Lab, Caracas, Venezuela. Inst Biomed, TB Lab, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Sola, C (reprint author), Inst Pasteur Guadeloupe, Unite TB & Mycobacterias, Morne Joliviere,BP 484, Pointe a Pitre 97165, Guadeloupe. RI Gutierrez, Cristina/B-5597-2012; suffys, philip/E-3009-2013; Mammina, Caterina/M-9339-2013; Mokrousov, Igor/J-3640-2014; Narvskaya, Olga/H-1770-2012; Gordon, Max/M-4330-2014; OI Rastogi, Nalin/0000-0002-7199-7747; de Waard, Jacobus/0000-0003-4118-1015; Gutierrez, Cristina/0000-0002-5567-5908; Mokrousov, Igor/0000-0001-5924-0576; Narvskaya, Olga/0000-0002-0830-5808; Gordon, Max/0000-0002-8080-5815; Dellagostin, Odir/0000-0003-2803-4088; Mammina, Caterina/0000-0003-2881-8018 NR 32 TC 162 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1970 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.1963.1970.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500026 PM 12734235 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Langevin, S Wolff, KL Komar, N AF Johnson, AJ Langevin, S Wolff, KL Komar, N TI Detection of anti-west nile virus immunoglobulin M in chicken serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODIES; BIRDS; ENCEPHALITIS; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; EPITOPES AB The emergence of West Nile (WN) virus in New York and the surrounding area in 1999 prompted an increase in surveillance measures throughout the United States, including the screening of sentinel chicken flocks for antibodies. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of chicken immunoglobulin M (IgM) to WN virus was developed, standardized, and characterized as a rapid and sensitive means to detect WN viral antibodies in sentinel flocks. Serum specimens from experimentally infected chickens were analyzed by using this assay, and IgM was detected as early as 3 to 7 days postinfection. Persistence of IgM varied from at least 19 to more than 61 days postinfection, which indicates the need to bleed sentinel flocks at least every 2 weeks for optimal results if this method is to be used as a screening tool. The ELISA was compared to hemagglutination-inhibition and plaque reduction neutralization tests and was found to be the method of choice when early detection of WN antibody is required. House sparrows and rock doves are potential free-ranging sentinel species for WN virus, and the chicken WN IgM-capture ELISA was capable of detecting anti-WN IgM in house sparrow serum samples from laboratory-infected birds but not from rock dove serum samples. The chicken WN IgM-capture ELISA detected anti-WN antibodies in serum samples from naturally infected chickens. It also detected IgM in serum samples from two species of geese and from experimentally infected ring-necked pheasants, American crows, common grackles, and redwinged blackbirds. However, the test was determined to be less appropriate than an IgG (IgY)-based assay for use with free-ranging birds. The positive-to-negative ratios in the ELISA were similar regardless of the strain of WN viral antigen used, and only minimal cross-reactivity was observed between the WN and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) IgM-capture ELISAs. A blind-coded serum panel was tested, and the chicken WN IgM-capture ELISA produced consistent results, with the exception of one borderline result. A preliminary test was done to assess the feasibility of a combined SLE and WN IgM-capture ELISA, and results were promising. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Johnson, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 2002 EP 2007 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2002-2007.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500032 PM 12734241 ER PT J AU Lopez, AS Bendik, JM Alliance, JY Roberts, JM da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Arrowood, MJ Eberhard, ML Herwaldt, BL AF Lopez, AS Bendik, JM Alliance, JY Roberts, JM da Silva, AJ Moura, INS Arrowood, MJ Eberhard, ML Herwaldt, BL TI Epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis and other intestinal parasites in a community in Haiti SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERUVIAN CHILDREN; FECAL SPECIMENS; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; GUATEMALA; ORGANISM AB We conducted an exploratory investigation in a community in Haiti to determine the prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection and to identify potential risk factors for C cayetanensis infection. In 2001, two cross-sectional stool surveys and a nested case-control study were conducted. In 2002, a follow-up cross-sectional stool survey was conducted among children less than or equal to10 years of age. Stool specimens from study participants and water samples from their wells were examined for Cyclospora and other intestinal parasites. In stools, the prevalence of infection with Cyclospora in persons of all ages decreased from 12% (20 of 167 persons) in February 2001 to 1.1% (4 of 352 persons) in April 2001, a 90.8% decrease. For children less than or equal to10 years of age, the prevalence rates were 22.5% (16 of 71 children) in February 2001, 3.0% (4 of 135 children) in April 2001, and 2.5% (2 of 81 children) in January 2002. Use of the water from the artesian well in the northern region of the community versus the one in the south was the only risk factor associated with Cyclospora infection in multivariate analyses (odds ratio, 18.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 143.1). The water sample from one of the nine wells or water sources tested (one sample per source) in January 2001, shortly before the investigation began, was positive for Cyclospora by UV fluorescence microscopy and PCR. None of the water samples from the 46 wells or water sources tested during the investigation (one sample per source per testing period, including the artesian wells) were positive for Cyclospora. Further studies are needed to assess the role of water as a possible risk factor for Cyclospora infection in Haiti and other developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hop St Croix, Leogane, Haiti. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 2047 EP 2054 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2047-2054.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500038 PM 12734247 ER PT J AU O'Hara, CM Miller, JM AF O'Hara, CM Miller, JM TI Evaluation of the vitek 2 ID-GNB assay for identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and other nonenteric gram-negative bacilli and comparison with the vitek GNI plus card SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; RODS AB We evaluated the Vitek 2 ID-GNB identification card (bioMerieux, Inc., Durham, N.C.) for its ability to identify members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli that are isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. Using 482 enteric stock cultures and 103 strains of oxidase-positive, gram-negative glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli that were maintained at -70degreesC and passaged three times before use, we inoculated cards according to the manufacturer's directions and processed them in a Vitek 2 instrument using version VT2-R02.03 software. All panel identifications were compared to reference identifications previously confirmed by conventional tube biochemical assays. At the end of the initial 3-h incubation period, the Vitek 2 instrument demonstrated an accuracy of 93.0% for the identification of enteric strains; 414 (85.9%) were correctly identified at probability levels ranging from excellent to good, and an additional 34 (7.1%) strains were correctly identified but at a low level of discrimination. Nineteen (3.9%) strains were unidentified, and 15 (3.1%) were misidentified. The 19 unidentified strains were scattered among 10 genera. Three of the 15 misidentified strains were lactose-positive Salmonella spp. and were identified as Escherichia coli; another was a lactose-positive, malonate-negative Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae strain that was identified as E. coli. Of the 103 glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting nonenteric strains, 88 (85.4%) were correctly identified at probability levels ranging from excellent to good, and 10 (9.7%) were correctly identified, but at a low level of discrimination, for a total of 95.1% accuracy with this group. Two strains were unidentified and three were misidentified. The errors occurred for strains in three different genera. With the increased hands-off approach of the Vitek 2 instrument and accuracies of 93% for the identification of enteric organisms and 95.1% for the identification of nonenteric organisms with the ID-GNB card, use of this product presents an acceptable method for the identification of most gram-negative organisms commonly isolated in the clinical laboratory. A comparison of these results to those obtained by testing 454 of the same strains with the Vitek GNI+ card revealed no significant difference in the abilities of the two cards to identify these organisms accurately. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Hara, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 2096 EP 2101 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2096.2101.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500045 PM 12734254 ER PT J AU O'Connell, RJ Merritt, TM Malia, JA VanCott, TC Dolan, MJ Zahwa, H Bradley, WP Branson, BM Michael, NL De Witt, CC AF O'Connell, RJ Merritt, TM Malia, JA VanCott, TC Dolan, MJ Zahwa, H Bradley, WP Branson, BM Michael, NL De Witt, CC TI Performance of the OraQuick rapid antibody test for diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in patients with various levels of exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV; CLINICS AB With oral mucosal transudate and serum samples from 101 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected subjects and 100 HIV-1-negative volunteers, the OraQuick HIV-1 test demonstrated 100% specificity and 96% sensitivity. Four false-negative subjects, who were characterized by early initiation of effective antiretroviral therapy, demonstrated waning serum anti-gp41 titers and Western blot band intensities. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Connell, RJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 59MDW-MMII,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 12 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 2153 EP 2155 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2153-2155.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500056 PM 12734265 ER PT J AU Matsushita, A Jilong, L Hiruma, M Kobayashi, M Matsumoto, T Ogawa, H Padhye, AA AF Matsushita, A Jilong, L Hiruma, M Kobayashi, M Matsumoto, T Ogawa, H Padhye, AA TI Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Veronaea botryosa in the People's Republic of China SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXOPHIALA-SPINIFERA; BOTHRYOSA; FUNGI AB The second case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Veronaea botryosa in China, in a 12-year-old boy from Jiangsu Province, is presented. Based on direct examination of the scrapings from crusted lesions; histologic examination of the biopsy tissue showing septate, phaeoid hyphal elements; and the culture exhibiting sympodial, conidiogenous cells producing predominantly two-celled, cylindric conidia, the etiologic agent was identified as V. botryosa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Toshiba Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Tokyo, Japan. Juntendo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Tokyo 113, Japan. Juntendo Univ, Urayasu Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Chiba, Japan. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 2219 EP 2222 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2219-2222.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500075 PM 12734284 ER PT J AU Grimwood, K Huang, QS Sadleir, LG Nix, WA Kilpatrick, DR Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA AF Grimwood, K Huang, QS Sadleir, LG Nix, WA Kilpatrick, DR Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA TI Acute flaccid paralysis from echovirus type 33 infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB During a community echovirus type 33 outbreak, the virus was detected in the feces and cerebrospinal fluid of a 3-year-old boy with right arm weakness that followed a mild nonspecific febrile illness. This is the first time an association between echovirus type 33 infection and acute flaccid paralysis has been reported. C1 Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Wellington 6015, New Zealand. Inst Environm Sci & Res, Natl Polio Reference Lab, Porirua, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Enterovirus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grimwood, K (reprint author), Wellington Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, POB 7343,Wellington S 6015, Wellington 6015, New Zealand. RI Grimwood, Keith/F-9334-2011 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 2230 EP 2232 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2230-2232.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500078 PM 12734287 ER PT J AU Flaherty, JD Levett, PN Dewhirst, FE Troe, TE Warren, JR Johnson, S AF Flaherty, JD Levett, PN Dewhirst, FE Troe, TE Warren, JR Johnson, S TI Fatal case of endocarditis due to Weissella confusa SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; LACTOBACILLUS ENDOCARDITIS; IDENTIFICATION; THERAPY AB This is the first reported case of endocarditis due to the Lactobacillus-like vancomycin-resistant grampositive bacillus Weissella confusa. Full identification and susceptibility testing of Lactobacillus-like organisms recovered in blood culture should be performed for patients with clinical presentations that suggest endocarditis. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Pathol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Vet Affairs Chicago Hlth Care Syst, Lakeside Div, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Bacteriol Reference Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Forsyth Inst, Dept Mol Genet, Boston, MA USA. RP Warren, JR (reprint author), NW Mem Hosp, Galter Pavil 7-132A,251 E Huron St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 2237 EP 2239 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2237-2239.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500081 PM 12734290 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Bryant, K Snyder, J AF McDonald, LC Bryant, K Snyder, J TI Peripartum transmission of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEPTICEMIA; NEWBORN; SEPSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTIONS AB Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rarely recognized cause of neonatal sepsis. We present a recent case of S. pneamoniae bacteremia acquired on the first day of life in a neonate born at 30 weeks of gestation to a mother without prenatal care who had prolonged rupture of the membranes and received intravenous ampicillin prior to delivery. The isolate was resistant to penicillin, with a MIC of the drug of 4 mug/ml. The child responded to a 7-day course of intravenous vancomycin. S. pneumoniae was recovered from the vagina of the mother on a swab culture collected prior to delivery, and isolates from mother and child were confirmed to be identical on the basis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although neonatal sepsis due to the peripartum transmission of S. pneumoniae is rare, this case highlights the concern that increasing efforts to prevent group B streptococcus neonatal disease may lead to an increase in neonatal infections due to resistant organisms. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Internal Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Pediat, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Pathol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 2258 EP 2260 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2258-2260.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 679QY UT WOS:000182934500087 PM 12734296 ER PT J AU Soroka, SD Granade, TC Phillips, S Parekh, B AF Soroka, SD Granade, TC Phillips, S Parekh, B TI The use of simple, rapid tests to detect antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 in pooled serum specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; rapid assays; pooling; seroconversion; seroprevalence ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; POOLING SERA; HIV; COST; SEROPREVALENCE; SENSITIVITY; REDUCTION; SAMPLES; ZAIRE AB Background: The use of pooled specimens has been proposed as a means of expanding testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in population studies and in blood screening, while reducing laboratory costs. Objectives: To develop a strategic specimen pooling method to be used with rapid HIV antibody assays to detect positive specimens and to evaluate its performance in comparison with testing with commercial EIA and WB. Study Design: Two lateral flow rapid HIV antibody assays, Sero(.)Strip HIV-1/2(1) and Determine HIV-1/2, were evaluated for their ability to detect HIV-1 antibodies in serum and/or plasma specimens pooled in sizes ranging from two to 20 following the respective manufacturers' protocols. One thousand prospectively collected specimens and 55 seroconversion specimens were prepared in pools of five for evaluation by the two rapid HIV assays. Results: Optimal detection and discrimination of HIV-1 antibody-positive and HIV-1 antibody-negative specimens was observed in pool sizes of five to ten for both assays. The ability of the two rapid assays to detect HIV-1 antibody-positive samples from commercial HIV-1 scroconversion panels contained in the pools was equivalent to that of commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and Western blot (WB) to detect HIV-1 antibody in the non-pooled samples. Application of the pooling method in prospectively collected specimens yielded excellent concordance with EIA/WB results in both sensitivity (98.88% for Sero(.)Strip HIV-1/2, 100% for Determine HIV-1/2) and specificity (99.56% for Sero, Strip HIV-1/2, 99.45% for Determine HIV-1/2). Conclusion: Use of a pooling strategy with either assay reduced the number of tests required by almost 50% and could provide substantial cost reductions for HIV screening in settings where HIV-1 prevalence is less than 10%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.N. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Granade, TC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail D-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 AR PII S1386-6532(02)00133-6 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00133-6 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 682AM UT WOS:000183067700012 PM 12727534 ER PT J AU Moura, H Ospina, M Woolfitt, AR Barr, JR Visvesvara, GS AF Moura, H Ospina, M Woolfitt, AR Barr, JR Visvesvara, GS TI Analysis of four human microsporidian isolates by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; Brachiola; Encephalitoozoon; opportunistic infections ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; ENCEPHALITOZOON-INTESTINALIS; BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; CUNICULI; CULTURE; SAMPLES; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; INFECTION AB Spores of four species of microsporidia isolated from humans were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and specific biomarkers were found for each. The microsporidia analyzed included three species, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis and the fourth organism is the recently described Brachiola algerae. Whole spores, spore shells, and soluble fractions were applied directly to the MALDI target without further purification steps. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of both whole spores and soluble fractions of the four isolates revealed a group of unique, characteristic, and reproducible spectral markets in the mass range of 2,000-8,000 Da. Statistical analysis of the averaged centroided masses uncovered two distinct sets of unique peptides or biomarkers, one originated from whole spores and the other from soluble fractions, that can differentiate the four microsporidian species studied. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of whole organisms is a rapid, sensitive, and specific option to characterize microsporidian isolates and has the potential for several applications in parasitology. C1 Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, HEC, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Moura, H (reprint author), Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00110.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 689CG UT WOS:000183473600002 PM 12836871 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL AF Schuster, FL TI In memoriam: Augusto Julio Martinez (1930-2002) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 233 EP 233 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 689CG UT WOS:000183473600013 ER PT J AU Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Nishioka, M Buhler, W AF Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Nishioka, M Buhler, W TI Acephate exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; acephate; hand exposure; hand washing; tobacco harvester ID INCOMPLETE REMOVAL; SKIN; PESTICIDES; ABSORPTION; CAPTAN AB Agricultural workers manually harvesting tobacco have the potential for high dermal fexposure to pesticides, particularly on the hands. Often gloves are not worn as it hinders the harvesters' ability to harvest the tobacco leaves. To enable harvesters to remove pesticide residue on the hands and decrease absorbed doses, the EPA Worker Protection Standard requires growers to have hand-wash stations available in the field. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of acephate residue on the hands of tobacco harvesters, and the effectiveness of hand washing in reducing the acephate residue. Hand-wipes from the hands of 12 tobacco harvesters were collected at the end of the morning and at the end of the afternoon over 2 consecutive days. Each harvester had one hand-wiped prior to washing his hands, and the other hand-wiped after washing his hands with soap and water. In addition to the hand-wipe samples, leaf-wipe samples were collected from 15 tobacco plants to determine the amount of acephate residue on the plants. The average acephate level in leaf-wipe samples was 1.4 ng/cm(2). The geometric mean prewash and postwash acephate levels on the hands were 10.5 and 0.4 ng/cm(2), respectively. Both prewash (P-value = 0.0009) and postwash hand (P- value = 0.01) samples were positively correlated with leaf-wipe concentrations. Tobacco harvester position tended to influence hand exposure. Hand washing significantly reduced acephate levels on the hand, after adjusting for sampling period, hand sampled, job position, and leaf-wipe concentration (P-value less than or equal to 0.0001) with levels reduced by 96%. A substantial amount of acephate was transferred to the hands, and while hand washing significantly reduced the amount of residue on the hands, not all residue was removed. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ind Wide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Curwin, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ind Wide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500271 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 686BG UT WOS:000183300200004 PM 12743614 ER PT J AU Hunspergert, EA Wilcox, CL AF Hunspergert, EA Wilcox, CL TI Capsaicin-induced reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in sensory neurons in culture SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROOT GANGLION NEURONS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; MESSENGER-RNA; RECEPTOR; RAT; HEAT; DESENSITIZATION; INFECTION; CALCIUM; INVITRO AB Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) produces a life-long latent infection in neurons of the peripheral nervous system, primarily in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. Neurons of these ganglia express high levels of the capsaicin receptor, also known as the vanilloid receptor-1 (VIR-1). VIR-1 is a non-selective ion channel, found on sensory neurons, that primarily fluxes Ca2+ ions in response to various stimuli, including physiologically acidic conditions, heat greater than 45degreesC and noxious compounds such as capsaicin. Using an in vitro neuronal model to study HSV-1 latency and reactivation, we found that agonists of the VR-1 channel - capsaicin and heat - resulted in reactivation of latent HSV-1. Capsaicin-induced reactivation of HSV-1 latently infected neurons was dose-dependent. Additionally, activation of VR-11 at its optimal temperature of 46degreesC caused a significant increase in virus titres, which could be attenuated with the VR-1 antagonist, capsazepine. VR-11 activation that resulted in HSV-1 reactivation was calcium-dependent, since the calcium chelator BAPTA significantly reduced reactivation following treatment with caspsaicin and Received 13 September 2002 forskolin. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of the VIR-1 channel, often Accepted 10 January 2003 associated with increases in intracellular calcium, results in HSV-1 reactivation in sensory neurons. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hunspergert, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS29042]; PHS HHS [F3111059] NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 84 BP 1071 EP 1078 DI 10.1099/vir.0.18828-0 PN 5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 674LR UT WOS:000182638700003 PM 12692270 ER PT J AU Benedict, MQ McNitt, LM Collins, FH AF Benedict, MQ McNitt, LM Collins, FH TI Genetic traits of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae: Red stripe, frizzled, and homochromyl SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID EYE-COLOR MUTANT; MALARIA; MUTATIONS; ALBIMANUS; RESISTANCE; CULICIDAE; PIGMENTS; CLONING; DIPTERA; LETHAL AB The expression, inheritance, and linkage relationships of three genetic traits were studied in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Red stripe (Rs) is a common phenotypic polymorphism in numerous A. gambiae populations, whereas frizzled (f) and homochromy1 (hom1) were isolated from Co-60-irradiated mosquitoes. Red stripe appears as a diffuse stripe of pigment on the dorsum of larvae and pupae and is variable in expressivity and penetrance. Our data demonstrate that Red stripe results from a heterozygous collarless genotype (i.e., c+ c, chromosome 2) and is essentially sex-limited to females. frizzled is a sex-linked recessive semi-lethal identified by deformed lateral larval setae; its lethality manifests as low rates of adult emergence and brief adult survival. frizzled is located on the X chromosome between pink eye and Mosaic, 3 cM from Mosaic and approximately 12 cM from pink eye. Finally, the mutation homochromy1 (hom1) is on chromosome 2 and causes a recessive phenotype that prevents normal darkening of larvae when reared in a black container. Unlike mutants with this characteristic described thus far, the eye color of hom1 mutants is normal. We determined that hom1 is located between Dieldrin resistance and collarless, approximately 3 cM from the latter. We discuss the possibility of differences in male and female recombination values and the range of values that have been observed in testcrosses for chromosome 2 markers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), FAO, IAEA, Agr & Biotechnol Lab, IAEA Labs, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 94 IS 3 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1093/jhered/esg056 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 695MC UT WOS:000183833800005 PM 12816963 ER PT J AU Stover, CT Smith, DK Schmid, DS Pellett, PE Stewart, JA Klein, RS Mayer, K Vlahov, D Schuman, P Cannon, MJ AF Stover, CT Smith, DK Schmid, DS Pellett, PE Stewart, JA Klein, RS Mayer, K Vlahov, D Schuman, P Cannon, MJ CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Prevalence of and risk factors for viral infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - Infected and high-risk HIV-uninfected women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infection CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-C; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; TYPE-2 INFECTION; SEROLOGIC ASSAYS; RNA LEVELS; HERPES; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 AB Viruses that can persist in the host are of special concern in immunocompromised populations. Among 871 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 439 high-risk HIV-uninfected women, seroprevalences of cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA in cervicovaginal lavage fluids were all >50% and were 2-30 times higher than prevalences in the general population. Prevalences were highest among HIV-infected women, of whom 44.2% had greater than or equal to5 other infections, and were relatively high even among the youngest women (age 16-25 years). In multivariate analyses, viral infections were independently associated not only with behaviors such as injection drug use and commercial sex but also with low income, low levels of education, and black race. Disadvantaged women and women who engage in high-risk behaviors are more likely to be coinfected with HIV and other viruses and, thus, may be at high risk of serious disease sequelae. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med,Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 9 BP 1388 EP 1396 DI 10.1086/374649 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 668CX UT WOS:000182273700005 PM 12717619 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Bosshardt, SC Phelan, M Moroney, SM Tondella, ML Farley, MM Schuchat, A Fields, BS AF Butler, JC Bosshardt, SC Phelan, M Moroney, SM Tondella, ML Farley, MM Schuchat, A Fields, BS TI Classical and latent class analysis evaluation of sputum polymerase chain reaction and urine antigen testing for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY DEC 16-20, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION; DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; INFECTION; SAMPLES; PCR; CHILDREN; CULTURE; ASSAY AB Diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia is complicated by the lack of a diagnostic reference standard that is highly sensitive and specific. Latent class analysis (LCA) is a mathematical technique that relates an unobserved ("latent") infection to multiple diagnostic test results by use of a statistical model. We used classical analysis and LCA to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of blood culture, sputum Gram stain, sputum polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and urine antigen testing for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia among 149 adults with community-acquired pneumonia. On the basis of LCA models, sensitivity of autolysin PCR and pneumolysin PCR was 82% and 89%, respectively, but specificity was low, 38% and 27%, respectively. For urine antigen testing, sensitivity was 77%-78%, and specificity was 67%-71%. Results of the LCA models were comparable with those obtained from classical analysis. LCA may be useful for diagnostic test evaluation and for determining the prevalence of pneumococcal infection in epidemiological studies of community-acquired pneumonia and in vaccine efficacy trials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Investigat Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 9 BP 1416 EP 1423 DI 10.1086/374623 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 668CX UT WOS:000182273700009 PM 12717623 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Chyou, PH Greenlee, RT Perez-Perez, G Bibb, WF DeVries, EO AF Belongia, EA Chyou, PH Greenlee, RT Perez-Perez, G Bibb, WF DeVries, EO TI Diarrhea incidence and farm-related risk factors for Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Campylobacter jejuni antibodies among rural children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RAW-MILK; GENERAL-POPULATION; HUMAN-SERUM; INFECTION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; CATTLE; TRANSMISSION AB Serum samples were obtained from 215 farm-resident children and 396 non-farm-resident children living in a defined rural Wisconsin population. Antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (O157 LPS) immunoglobulin G were measured, and the incidence of clinic visits for diarrheal illness was determined. Risk factors were assessed in a telephone interview. There were 363 children (59%) with C. jejuni antibodies (seropositive for greater than or equal to2 immunoglobulin classes) and 86 (14%) with O157 LPS antibodies. Increasing age and farm residence were independently associated with C. jejuni seropositivity by multivariate analysis. O157 LPS antibodies were independently associated with increasing age, female sex, manure contact, and sheep contact. The incidence of clinically recognized diarrhea was similar among children with and without antibodies to C. jejuni and O157 LPS, but the clinic visit rate for diarrhea was 46% lower among farm-resident children. These results are consistent with reduced occurrence of clinical illness from repeated antigenic stimulation in a farm environment. C1 Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. NYU, Dept Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. NR 39 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 9 BP 1460 EP 1468 DI 10.1086/374622 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 668CX UT WOS:000182273700014 PM 12717628 ER PT J AU Thomas, DM Ray, SM Morton, FJ Drew, JS Offutt, G Whitney, CG Jacobson, TA AF Thomas, DM Ray, SM Morton, FJ Drew, JS Offutt, G Whitney, CG Jacobson, TA TI Patient education strategies to improve pneumococcal vaccination rates: Randomized trial SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th National Immunization Conference CY JUL, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE pneumococcal vaccination; patient education; audiovisual; low literacy; adult immunization ID HIGH-RISK ADULTS; INFLUENZA; LITERACY; PROGRAM; VIDEO; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; CANCER AB Background: The pneumococcal vaccine is widely underused. Patient education is one mechanism not widely explored for increasing vaccination rates. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a culturally appropriate patient education videotape on pneumococcal vaccination rates among the clinic population of an inner-city public hospital. Methods: Randomized, controlled trial comparing (1) a videotape-brochure group who both viewed the videotape and received a low-literacy brochure, (2) a videotape only group, and (3) a control group. Results: Of 2,962 charts reviewed, 558 patients were randomized. The study population was 94% black, 73% female, and elderly (mean age 63.0 years) and 64% had less than a high school education. Patients in the videotape-brochure group were 2.5 (1.8, 3.5 95% CI) times more likely to discuss the vaccine with their physician (p < .001) and 3.5 (1.9, 6.5 95% CI) times more likely to receive the vaccine (p < .001) than the control group. The videotape-brochure group was 1.6 (1.2, 2.1 95% CI) times more likely to discuss the vaccine (p < .001) and 2.3 (1.4, 3.8 95% CI) times more likely to receive the vaccine (p = .002) than the video only group. Patients in the video only group were 1.6 (1.1, 2.3 95% CI) times more likely to discuss the vaccine with their physician than the control group (p = .041) but were not more likely to receive the vaccine. Conclusion: A culturally appropriate videotape along with a low-literacy brochure significantly increased pneumococcal vaccination rates and physician-patient discussion about the vaccine. These significant outcomes were not observed with use of videotape alone and were likely attributable to the effect of the brochure. We recommend that patient education initiatives to increase vaccination rates not focus solely on audiovisual media. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Off Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ray, SM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, 69 Butler St,SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. OI Jacobson, Terry/0000-0002-9926-2179 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 677JV UT WOS:000182804600005 PM 12769196 ER PT J AU Eisen, L Dolan, MC Piesman, J Lane, RS AF Eisen, L Dolan, MC Piesman, J Lane, RS TI Vector competence of Ixodes pacificus and I-spinipalpis (Acari : ixodidae), and reservoir competence of the dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes) and the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), for Borrelia bissettii SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia bissettii; Ixodes pacificus; feeding success; rodent reservoir; tick vector ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; NORTHERN COLORADO; UNITED-STATES; TICKS ACARI; PHENOTYPIC SIMILARITIES; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY AB We investigated the experimental vector competence of Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls and Ixodes spinipalpis Hadwen and Nuttall, and the reservoir competence of the dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes Baird) and the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus [Wagner]), for Borrelia bissettii Postic, Marti Ras, Lane, Hendson, and Baranton. Both rodent species are capable reservoirs for B, bissettii; infection rates for I. pacificus or I. spinipalpis nymphs fed as larvae on infected animals ranged front 50 to 57%. Moreover, both I. pacificus and I. spinipalpis are efficient vectors of B. bissettii. Viable infections were recorded from all rodents known to be exposed to one or more infected nymphs of I.,spinipalpis (seven deer mice, two white mice) or I. pacificus (seven deer mice). In contrast, none of four New Zealand white rabbits fed upon by 90 L pacificus nymphs with a probable B. bissettii infection rate of >50% became infected or seroconverted. The attachment and feeding Success of laboratory-reared nymphs similarly confined with deer mice in muslin-covered wire-mesh cages for 24 h ranged from 0% for I. pacificus to 17-73% for I. spinipalpis. Notably, the I. pacificus nymphs were physiologically capable of feeding; nymphs failing to attach to rodents fed readily when placed in feeding capsules upon rabbits. We conclude that the dusky-footed woodrat and the deer mouse are capable experimental reservoir hosts of B. bissettii, and that both I.spinipalpis and I. pacificus are efficient experimental vectors of B. bissettii. However, the reluctance of L pacificus nymphs to feed on certain rodents may limit its importance as an enzootic vector of B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Humans Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Eisen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-22501]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU906594] NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.3.311 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 681CJ UT WOS:000183019100011 PM 12943110 ER PT J AU Stevenson, HL Bai, Y Kosoy, MY Montenieri, JA Lowell, JL Chu, MC Gage, KL AF Stevenson, HL Bai, Y Kosoy, MY Montenieri, JA Lowell, JL Chu, MC Gage, KL TI Detection of novel Bartonella strains and Yersinia pestis in prairie dogs and their fleas (Siphonaptera : ceratophyllidae and pulicidae) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; Rickettsia; Yersinia pestis; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; blacktailed prairie dog; Oropsylla; fleas; plague ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MURINE TYPHUS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; RICKETTSIA-FELIS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; UNITED-STATES; CAT FLEAS; INFECTION; PLAGUE; HENSELAE AB We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that simultaneously detects three types of flea-associated microorganisms. Targets for the assay were sequences encoding portions of the gltA, a 17-kDa antigen, and pla genes of Bartonella spp. Strong et al., Rickettsia spp. da Rocha-Lima, and Yersinia pestis Yersin, respectively. A total of 260 flea samples containing bloodmeal remnants were analyzed from fleas collected from abandoned prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) burrows at the site of an active plague epizootic in Jefferson County, CO. Results indicated that 34 (13.1%) fleas were positive for Bartonella spp.,0 (0%) were positive for Rickettsia spp., and 120 (46.2%) were positive for Y. pestis. Twenty-three (8.8%) of these fleas were coinfected with Bartonella spp. and Y. pestis. A second group of 295 bloodmeal-containing fleas was collected and analyzed from abandoned burrows in Logan County, CO, where a prairie dog die-off had occurred 2-4 mo before the time of sampling. Of these 295 fleas, 7 (2.4%) were positive for Bartonella spp., 0 (0%) were positive for Rickettsia spp., and 46 (15.6%) were positive for Y pestis. Coinfections were not observed in fleas from the Logan County epizootic site. The multiplex PCR also was used to identify Y pestis and Bartonella in prairie dog blood and tissues. This report represents the first identification of Bartonella from prairie dogs and their fleas. Prairie dog fleas were tested with PCR, and the Bartonella PCR amplicons produced were sequenced and found to be closely related to similar sequences amplified from Bartonella that had been isolated from prairie dog blood samples. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the sequences of bartonellae from prairie dogs and prairie dog fleas cluster tightly within a clade that is distinct from those containing other known Bartonella genotypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Yunnan Inst Endem Dis Control & Res, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Stevenson, HL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 40 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.3.329 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 681CJ UT WOS:000183019100013 PM 12943112 ER PT J AU Hribar, LJ Vlach, JJ Demay, DJ Stark, LM Stoner, RL Godsey, MS Burkhalter, KL Spoto, MC JameS, SS Smith, JM Fussell, EM AF Hribar, LJ Vlach, JJ Demay, DJ Stark, LM Stoner, RL Godsey, MS Burkhalter, KL Spoto, MC JameS, SS Smith, JM Fussell, EM TI Mosquitoes infected with West Nile virus in the Florida Keys, Monroe County, Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Anopheles atropos; Deinoceritcs cancer; Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus; Florida Keys AB More than 30,000 mosquitoes in 22 species or species groups were collected from the Florida Keys. Monroe County, FL, USA, in dry ice-baited light and gravid traps. Dry ice-baited traps collected more mosquitoes than did gravid traps. West Nile virus was detected in pools of Anopheles atropos Dyar & Knab, Deinocerites cancer Theobald, and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann). C1 Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, Key West, FL 33040 USA. Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. Tampa Branch Lab, Bur Labs, Florida Dept Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hribar, LJ (reprint author), Florida Keys Mosquito Control Dist, 506 106th St Gulfside, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 BP 361 EP 363 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.3.361 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 681CJ UT WOS:000183019100018 PM 12943117 ER PT J AU Blackstone, GM Nordstrom, JL Vickery, MCL Bowen, MD Meyer, RF DePaola, A AF Blackstone, GM Nordstrom, JL Vickery, MCL Bowen, MD Meyer, RF DePaola, A TI Detection of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster enrichments by real time PCR SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Vibrio parahaemolyticus; oyster; real time PCR ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; UNITED-STATES; GENE; TDH; WASHINGTON; SHELLFISH; CHOLERAE; TRH AB A real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and evaluated to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh), a current marker of pathogenicity in Fibrio parahaenzolyticus. The real time PCR fluorogenic probe and primer set was tested against a panel of numerous strains from 13 different bacterial species. Only V parahaemolyticus strains possessing the tdh gene generated a fluorescent signal, and no cross-reaction was observed with-tdh negative Vibrio or non-ribrio spp. The assay detected a single colony forming unit (CFU) per reaction of a pure culture template. This sensitivity was achieved when the same template amount per reaction was tested in the presence of 2.5 mul of a tdh negative oyster:APW enrichment (oyster homogenate enriched in alkaline peptone water overnight at 35 degreesC). This real time technique was used to test 131 oyster:APW enrichments from an environmental survey of Alabama oysters collected between March 1999 and September 2000. The results were compared to those previously obtained using a streak plate procedure for culture isolation from the oyster:APW enrichment combined with use of a non-radioactive DNA probe for detection of the tdh gene. Real time PCR detected tdh in 61 samples, whereas the streak plate/probe method detected tdh in 15 samples. Only 24 h was required for detection of pathogenic V parahaemolyticus in oyster:APW enrichments by real time PCR, whereas the streak plate/probe method required 3 days and was more resource intensive. This study demonstrated that real time PCR is a rapid and reliable technique for detecting V parahaemolyticus possessing the tdh gene in pure cultures and in oyster enrichments. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blackstone, GM (reprint author), US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, POB 158, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. NR 26 TC 106 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2003 VL 53 IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00020-4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 668NB UT WOS:000182299100003 PM 12654486 ER PT J AU Agamanolis, DP Leslie, MJ Caveny, EA Guarner, J Shieh, W Zaki, SR AF Agamanolis, DP Leslie, MJ Caveny, EA Guarner, J Shieh, W Zaki, SR TI Neuropathological findings in West Nile Virus encephalitis: A case report. SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Neuropathologists CY JUN 19-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Neuropatholgists C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr Akron, Akron, OH 44308 USA. Akron Gen Med Ctr, Akron, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 62 IS 5 MA 91 BP 561 EP 561 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 680CQ UT WOS:000182959100102 ER PT J AU Steketee, RW AF Steketee, RW TI Pregnancy, nutrition and parasitic diseases SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Nutrition as A Preventive Strategy Against Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes CY JUL 18-19, 2002 CL MERTON COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND HO MERTON COLL DE pregnancy; malaria; anemia; intestinal helminths; parasitic diseases ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; PLACENTAL MALARIA; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; TRICHURIS-SUIS; WESTERN KENYA AB In the developing world, young women, pregnant women, and their infants and children frequently experience a cycle where undernutrition (macronutrient and micronutrient) and repeated infection, including parasitic infections, lead to adverse consequences that can continue from one generation to the next. Among parasitic infections, malaria and intestinal helminths coexist widely with micronutrient deficiencies and contribute importantly to anemia and this cycle of retarded growth and development. In somewhat more limited or focal geographic settings, other parasitic diseases (e.g., schistosomiasis, filariasis) contribute similarly to this cycle. It is undoubtedly much better to enter a pregnancy free of infection and nutritionally replete than the various alternatives. Existing intervention strategies for micronutrient support and for the control of common parasitic infections before or during pregnancy, particularly malaria and intestinal helminths, should be followed. However, further research to identify barriers and priority approaches to achieving this goal remain very important in resource-poor settings where targeted public health efforts are required. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steketee, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 90 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 133 IS 5 SU 2 BP 1661S EP 1667S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 681AC UT WOS:000183011400011 PM 12730482 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Weisberg, P Spong, C AF Cogswell, ME Weisberg, P Spong, C TI Cigarette smoking, alcohol use and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Implications for micronutrient supplementation SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Nutrition as A Preventive Strategy Against Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes CY JUL 18-19, 2002 CL MERTON COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND HO MERTON COLL DE cigarette smoking; alcohol use; pregnancy; vitamins; minerals ID MATERNAL ETHANOL INGESTION; FETAL GROWTH-RETARDATION; METALLOTHIONEIN-NULL MICE; RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; VITAMIN-A; FOLIC-ACID; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; BETA-CAROTENE; PLASMA-LEVELS AB This literature review examines whether smoking or alcohol: use during pregnancy increases maternal micronutrient requirements and whether smoking or alcohol use interacts with micronutrient deficiencies to affect pregnancy outcomes, Studies suggest that vitamin C requirements increase for pregnant smokers. Studies also indicate that beta-carotene, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6 and folate concentrations appear lower in pregnant smoker's than in pregnant nonsmokers, although it is unclear whether lower serum concentrations are due to increased requirements, lower dietary or supplement intakes or other factors. Experimental animal studies suggest that iron supplementation partially ameliorates impaired fetal growth caused by cadmium, a heavy metal inhaled from cigarette smoke, but studies in humans have not substantiated cadmium's effect on fetal growth, Animal studies also suggest chronic alcohol consumption at levels of 20-50% of energy intake during pregnancy may mobilize fetal vitamin A concentration from the liver and result in increases in vitamin A in fetal organs and subsequent defects. Evidence is lacking, however, on whether zinc metabolism is altered by alcohol intake during pregnancy. Health care practitioners should consider increasing nutrient levels in pregnant women who do not meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances through their diet. Future studies that examine the nutrient levels of women exposed to cigarette smoke and alcohol should control for dietary intake. In addition, randomized controlled studies of the health impact of micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women should consider stratification by exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Clin, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NICHHD, Pregnancy & Perinatol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 103 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 133 IS 5 SU 2 BP 1722S EP 1731S PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 681AC UT WOS:000183011400019 PM 12730490 ER PT J AU Trout, DB AF Trout, DB TI Health effects of local residents near the World Trade Center: Have they been forgotten? Reply SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Trout, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 45 IS 5 BP 466 EP 466 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000069238.06498.66 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 679CH UT WOS:000182903100002 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Morrow, B Hsia, J Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Ahluwalia, IB Morrow, B Hsia, J Grummer-Strawn, LM TI Who is breast-feeding? Recent trends from the pregnancy risk assessment and monitoring system SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT; HEALTH; PROGRAM; MOTHERS AB Objective To examine breast-feeding initiation and continuation among women with recent live births in 10 states. Study design By using Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System surveillance data (n = 96,204), we assessed breast-feeding initiation and continuation for greater than or equal to10 weeks among women with recent deliveries from 1993 to 1998. We used 1993 as the base for comparing results by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Ten states showed a significant increase of 18% in initiation of breast-feeding from 1993 to 1998, from 57.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.6-58.4) to 67.5% (95% CI, 66.1-68.9). Initiation increased among vulnerable groups such as low-income and black women, participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children program, and mothers of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The percentage of women predominantly breast-feeding at greater than or equal to10 weeks among women who initiated remained stable: 58.5% (95% CI, 56.5-60.5) in 1993 and 57.9% (95% CI, 56.0-59.8) in 1998. More women in vulnerable groups initiated breast-feeding, but those from higher socioeconomic groups continued breast-feeding. Conclusions Breast-feeding initiation significantly increased, and several states exceeded the year 2010 objective. Breastfeeding continuation among women who initiated remained stable; however, gaps remained, indicating a continued need to implement breast-feeding promotion programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM IAhluwalia@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 142 IS 5 BP 486 EP 491 DI 10.1067/mpd.2003.199 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 682AR UT WOS:000183068400008 PM 12756378 ER PT J AU Sinha, A Yokoe, D Platt, R AF Sinha, A Yokoe, D Platt, R TI Intrapartum antibiotics and neonatal invasive infections caused by organisms other than group B Streptococcus SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SEPSIS; PREVENTION; AMPICILLIN; DISEASE; ERA AB Objectives/Study design Administration of group B streptococcal (GBS) antibiotic prophylaxis to women in labor has dramatically reduced the incidence of GBS neonatal disease, but there is little information on its impact on neonatal infections caused by other organisms. We conducted a nested case-control study to define the association between maternal intrapartum antibiotics and risk of neonatal non-GBS infection. Results In our study population, 114 of 13,224 infants had 115 non-GBS infections. The incidence of non-GBS neonatal-infections fell during the study period, ranging from an attack rate of 9.6 per 1000 infants in 1990 to 1992 to 8.0 per 1000 infants in 1996 to 1998, although this trend was not statistically significant (P > .05). The unadjusted association between neonatal infection and GBS prophylaxis was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.29, 2.6) and between neonatal infection and maternal intrapartum antibiotic due to any cause was 1.3 (95% CI, 0,65, 2.8). Conclusions The current policy of GBS maternal prophylaxis does not appear to convey excess risk of non-GBS infection to neonates. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA. RP Sinha, A (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM anushua.sinha@channing.harvard.edu FU AHRQ HHS [U8HS10391]; NIAID NIH HHS [5 K23 AI01832]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU115079] NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 142 IS 5 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1067/mpd.2003.154 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 682AR UT WOS:000183068400009 PM 12756379 ER PT J AU Hoffler, U El-Masri, HA Ghanayem, BI AF Hoffler, U El-Masri, HA Ghanayem, BI TI Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is the principal enzyme responsible for urethane metabolism: Comparative studies using CYP2E1-null and wild-type mice SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 17-21, 2002 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Society Toxicol ID ETHYL CARBAMATE URETHANE; VINYL CARBAMATE; HYDROLASE-A; RATS; CARCINOGENICITY; INHIBITION; TOXICITY AB Urethane ([carbonyl-C-14] ethyl carbamate) is a fermentation by-product in alcoholic beverages and foods and is classified as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. Early studies indicated that while CYP2E1 is involved, esterases are the primary enzymes responsible for urethane metabolism. Using CYP2E1-null ( KO) mice, current studies were undertaken to elucidate CYP2E1's contribution to urethane metabolism. [Carbonyl-C-14] urethane was administered by gavage to male CYP2E1-null and wild-type mice at 10 or 100 mg/kg and its metabolism and disposition were investigated. CO2 was confirmed as the main metabolite of urethane. Significant inhibition of urethane metabolism to CO2 occurred in CYP2E1-null versus wild-type mice. Pharmacokinetic modeling of (CO2)-C-14 exhalation data revealed that CYP2E1 is responsible for approximately 96% of urethane metabolism to CO2 in wild-type mice. The contributions of other enzymes to urethane metabolism merely account for the remaining 4%. The half-life of urethane in wild-type and CYP2E1-null mice was estimated at 0.8 and 22 h, respectively. Additionally, the concentration of urethane-derived radioactivity in blood and tissues was dose-dependent and significantly higher in CYP2E1-null mice. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed only urethane in the plasma and liver extracts of CYP2E1-null mice. Because the lack of CYP2E1 did not completely inhibit urethane metabolism, the disposition of 10 mg/kg urethane was compared in mice pretreated with the P450 inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole or the esterase inhibitor, paraoxon. Unlike paraoxon, 1-aminobenzotriazole resulted in significant inhibition of urethane metabolism to CO2 in both genotypes. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that CYP2E1, not esterase, is the principal enzyme responsible for urethane metabolism. C1 NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Environm Toxicol Program, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghanayem, BI (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, Environm Toxicol Program, NIH, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 305 IS 2 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1124/jpet.102.049072 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 669GL UT WOS:000182343500020 PM 12704224 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Cynamon, ML Osborn, L Olson, L AF Blumberg, SJ Cynamon, ML Osborn, L Olson, L TI The impact of touch-tone data entry on reports of HIV and STD risk behaviors in telephone interviews SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion CY MAY 18, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Amer Assoc Publ Opin Res ID DATA-COLLECTION; DRUG-USE; QUESTIONS AB Respondents' concerns about privacy can decrease reporting of HIV and STD risk behaviors in general population telephone surveys. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of an experimental study evaluating whether one method for increasing privacy, touch-tone data entry (TTDE), is effective in increasing estimates of sexual behaviors from a population-based survey. We conducted a random-digit-dial telephone survey of adults in New Jersey (n = 405), with half the respondents using TTDE for answering sexual behavior questions. TTDE led to increased reports of same-sex sexual behavior, certain HIV and STD risk factors, and concern about one's risk for HIV and STD transmission. TTDE also narrowed the difference between men's and women's reports of the number of different sexual partners over the past 10 years. The feasibility and limitations of TTDE are discussed, along with possible alternative interpretations that consider the impact of TTDE on the dynamics of the interaction between the respondent and the interviewer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 40 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 697KD UT WOS:000183941000001 PM 12908119 ER PT J AU Hart, TA Wolitski, RJ Purcell, DW Gomez, C Halkitis, P AF Hart, TA Wolitski, RJ Purcell, DW Gomez, C Halkitis, P TI Sexual behavior among HIV-positive men who have sex with men: What's in a label? SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIOR; SENSATION SEEKING; TRANSMISSION; SCALE; AIDS; EPIDEMIC AB Relatively little attention has been paid to the use and importance of labels used by men who have sex with men to describe insertive or receptive sexual behavior during intercourse. This study examines sexual self-labels, sexual behavior, HIV transmission risk, and psychological functioning among 205 HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men. The majority of participants (88%) identified as a "top," a "bottom," or "versatile." Tops were more likely to engage in insertive anal intercourse than bottoms, and bottoms were more likely to engage in receptive anal intercourse than tops, with versatiles reporting intermediate rates of both behaviors. Although the results suggest preliminary evidence regarding the predictive utility of self-labels, sexual behaviors of self-label groups were greatly overlapping. Differences were found among self-label groups in gay self-identification, internalized homophobia, sexual sensation seeking, and anxiety. Results suggest an added value in assessing self-labels in addition to asking about sexual behavior. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Hart, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Hart, Trevor/0000-0001-5107-7452; Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU2133607, U62/CCU213605, U62/CCU913557] NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 40 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 697KD UT WOS:000183941000007 PM 12908125 ER PT J AU McFarlane, M AF McFarlane, M TI Sex and the Internet: A guidebook for clinicians. SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McFarlane, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 40 IS 2 BP 223 EP 225 PG 3 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 697KD UT WOS:000183941000013 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG MacInnes, H Bennett, D Reid, P Nidtha, S Weinstock, H Kaplan, JE Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, JG MacInnes, H Bennett, D Reid, P Nidtha, S Weinstock, H Kaplan, JE Heneine, W TI A novel genetic pathway of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to stavudine mediated by the K65R mutation SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; IN-VITRO SELECTION; PATIENTS RECEIVING STAVUDINE; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; REDUCED SENSITIVITY; CONTAINING REGIMENS; CONFERS RESISTANCE AB Stavudine (d4T) and zidovudine (AZT) are thymidine analogs widely used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons. Resistance to d4T is not fully understood, although the selection of AZT resistance mutations in patients treated with d4T suggests that both drugs have similar pathways of resistance. Through the analysis of genotypic changes in nine recombinant viruses cultured with d4T, we identified a new pathway for d4T resistance mediated by K65R, a mutation not selected by AZT. Passaged viruses were derived from treatment-naive persons or HIV-1(HXB2) and had wild-type reverse transcriptase (RT) or T215C/D mutations. K65R was selected in seven viruses and was associated with a high level of enzymatic resistance to d4T-triphosphate (median, 16-fold; range, 5- to 48-fold). The role of K65R in d4T resistance was confirmed in site-directed mutants generated in three different RT backgrounds. Phenotypic assays based on recombinant single-cycle replication or a whole-virus multiple replication cycle were unable to detect d4T resistance in d4T-selected mutants with K65R but detected cross-resistance to other nucleoside RT inhibitors. Four of the six viruses that had 215C/D mutations at baseline acquired the 215Y mutation alone or in association with K65R. Mutants having K65R and T215Y replicated less efficiently than viruses that had T215Y only, suggesting that selection of T215Y in patients treated with d4T may be favored. Our results demonstrate that K65R plays a role in d4T resistance and indicate that resistance pathways for d4T and AZT may not be identical. Biochemical analysis and improved replication assays are both required for a full phenotypic characterization of resistance to d4T. These findings highlight the complexity of the genetic pathways of d4T resistance and its phenotypic expression. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 77 IS 10 BP 5685 EP 5693 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.10.5685-5693.2003 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 674HJ UT WOS:000182631100015 PM 12719561 ER PT J AU Mack, KA Ahluwalia, NB AF Mack, KA Ahluwalia, NB TI Monitoring women's health in the United States: Selected chronic disease indicators, 1991-2001 BRFSS SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID US ADULTS; PREVALENCE; OBESITY AB Objectives: This analysis considers factors that underlie the leading causes of death and disability for adult women in the United States and changes in those factors over the previous decade. Methods: 1991-2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data are used to review changes over the decade in the most important indicators of women's health. Estimates are weighted by demographic characteristics and selection probabilities. Sample sizes ranged from 50,875 women in 1991 to 121,456 in 2001. Results: State-level maps show dramatic changes in obesity prevalence over the previous decade. Obesity prevalence increased to 21.5% in 2001 from 12.4% in 1991. Reports of exercise, never smoking, and binge drinking remained essentially level. The percentage of women who currently smoke cigarettes declined slightly but significantly. Reports of ever being told they had high blood pressure increased significantly for women aged greater than or equal to65 years. There was a significant and substantial change in the percentage of women aged greater than or equal to40 who reported having a mammogram in the past 2 years (62.7% in 1991, 76.2% in 2001). Conclusions: Findings show that we are at a critical juncture in public health. Some changes are stunning (e.g., rising obesity), others remain stubbornly static (e.g., smoking), and still others demonstrate positive trends (e.g., mammogram screening). The increase in obesity foretells similar future increases in obesity-related chronic conditions unless public health efforts can stem the tide. It is imperative that effective strategies to change behavior are developed, especially those that are women focused, to improve quality and length of life. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPPHP, BSB, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPPHP, BSB, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1089/154099903765448817 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 683JN UT WOS:000183145100001 PM 12804337 ER PT J AU Cono, J AF Cono, J TI Smallpox disease, vaccine, and vaccination adverse reactions: What clinicians need to know SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 417 EP 417 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 683JN UT WOS:000183145100026 ER PT J AU Curtis, C Maxwell, C Lemnge, M Kilama, WL Steketee, RW Hawley, WA Bergevin, Y Campbell, CC Sachs, J Teklehaimanot, A Ochola, S Guyatt, H Snow, RW AF Curtis, C Maxwell, C Lemnge, M Kilama, WL Steketee, RW Hawley, WA Bergevin, Y Campbell, CC Sachs, J Teklehaimanot, A Ochola, S Guyatt, H Snow, RW TI Scaling-up coverage with insecticide-treated nets against malaria in Africa: who should pay? SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; TANZANIA; IMPACT; KENYA AB Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have been shown to reduce the burden of malaria in African villages by providing personal protection and, if coverage of a community is comprehensive, by reducing the infective mosquito population. We do not accept the view that scaling-up this method should be by making villagers pay for nets and insecticide, with subsidies limited so as not to discourage the private sector. We consider that ITNs should be viewed as a public good, like vaccines, and should be provided via the public sector with generous assistance from donors. Our experience is that teams distributing free ITNs, replacing them after about 4 years when they are torn and retreating them annually, have high productivity and provide more comprehensive and equitable coverage than has been reported for marketing systems. Very few of the free nets are misused or sold. The estimated cost would be an annual expenditure of about US$295 million to provide for all of rural tropical Africa where most of the world's malaria exists. This expenditure is affordable by the world community as a whole, but not by its poorest members. Recently, funding of this order of magnitude has been committed by donor agencies for malaria control. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Natl Inst Med Res, Ubwari Res Stn, Muheza, Tanzania. Natl Inst Med Res, Amani Ctr, Amani, Tanzania. African Malaria Network Trust, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. UNICEF, New York, NY USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. Minist Hlth, Malaria Control Div, Nairobi, Kenya. KEMRI Wellcome Trust Collaborat Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Curtis, C (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. NR 17 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 3 IS 5 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00612-1 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 674MM UT WOS:000182640600028 PM 12726981 ER PT J AU Noah, DL Ostroff, SM Cropper, TL Thacker, SB AF Noah, DL Ostroff, SM Cropper, TL Thacker, SB TI US military officer participation in the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention's Epidemic Intelligence Service (1951-2001) SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) was created in 1951 to provide epidemiologists to investigate natural and intentional disease epidemics. From an initial class of 23 U.S. citizens, the program has evolved into a globally recognized, hands-on learning experience, accepting approximately 65 to 75 new officers each year. The first U.S. military epidemic intelligence service officer (EISO) was accepted into the program in 1994. Since that time, 12 such officers have completed, or have begun, EIS training. They have comprised 2.1% of all EISOs from 1994 to 2001 and 0.47% of all EISOs. This total has included nine Air Force veterinarians, one Army veterinarian, one Army physician, and one Navy physician. Each military EISO had the opportunity to lead investigations of significant public health events (e.g., Ebola, monkeypox, malaria, Nipah virus, West Nile fever, and anthrax outbreaks). All graduates from the military returned to active duty assignments in operational medical units, research institutes, or the intelligence community. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USAF, SG, Washington, DC 20332 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USAF, Res Lab Brooks, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 168 IS 5 BP 368 EP 372 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AG UT WOS:000186549800011 PM 12775171 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, L Fajardo, M Seward, J Ludwig, S Johnson, J Wharton, M AF Zimmerman, L Fajardo, M Seward, J Ludwig, S Johnson, J Wharton, M TI Varicella susceptibility and validity of history among US Coast Guard recruits: An outbreak-based study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ZOSTER VIRUS-INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS; SEROSURVEY; RISK AB During a varicella outbreak among U.S. Coast Guard recruits, we examined varicella susceptibility serologically and evaluated validity of disease history. Recruits completed a questionnaire to obtain information on demographics, history of varilcella disease, and varicella vaccination. Serological testing for varicella-zoster virus immunoglobulin G antibodies was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Among 513 recruits, 21 (4.1%) were seronegative to varicella-zoster virus. Recruits born in Puerto Rico were more likely than recruits born in the U.S. states to be susceptible (prevalence ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4%, 13.1%). A positive disease history was highly predictive of positive serology (99.1%); however, 73% of those with a negative or uncertain history were also immune. Four (19%) susceptible recruits reported a positive varicella history. Although immunity among recruits was high, varicella outbreaks may occur in closed adult settings due to the high risks of exposure and transmission. Varicella vaccination can prevent these costly, disruptive outbreaks. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Coast Guard, Washington, DC 20593 USA. RP Zimmerman, L (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 168 IS 5 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AG UT WOS:000186549800018 PM 12775178 ER PT J AU Krishna, D Coburn, L Sheng, JS Rubin, DH Hodge, TW Le Doux, JM AF Krishna, D Coburn, L Sheng, JS Rubin, DH Hodge, TW Le Doux, JM TI The development of an experimental system to investigate the role of host cell factors in retrovirus transduction SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-Therapy CY JUN 04-08, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Gene Therapy C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 7 IS 5 MA 461 BP S181 EP S181 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 676FH UT WOS:000182740300461 ER PT J AU Chow, CC Evans, AS Noonan-Toly, CM White, D Johnson, GS Marks, SJ Caldwell, MC Hayes, EB AF Chow, CC Evans, AS Noonan-Toly, CM White, D Johnson, GS Marks, SJ Caldwell, MC Hayes, EB TI Lyme disease trends - Dutchess County, New York, 1992-2000 SO MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; incidence; surveillance ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; RISK; PREVENTION; ABUNDANCE AB Background: Lyme disease is a vector-borne infectious disease, accounting for more than 95% of all reported vector-borne illness in the United States. From 1992-2000, Dutchess County reported more cases of Lyme disease than any other county in the United States, consistently ranking among the top ten in incidence rates. We analyzed 1992-2000 Dutchess County Lyme disease surveillance data to characterize Lyme disease trends, identify high-risk populations, and examine the frequency of the characteristic lesion, erythema migrans. Methods: A Lyme disease case was defined as a person with physician-diagnosed erythema migrans or at least one "late" manifestation of the disease, with laboratory confirmation. A surveillance database of cases reported in Dutchess County from 1992-2000 was obtained from the New York State Department of Health. Annual incidence rates by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and ZIP codes, and frequency of erythema migrans were calculated. Results: From 1992 through 2000, a total of 9,548 cases of Lyme disease were reported by Dutchess County to the New York State Department of Health, for a crude mean annual incidence rate of 400 cases per 100,000 persons per year. The incidence rate peaked at 683/100,000 in 1996, and then declined from 1998 to 2000. A bimodal age distribution was seen, with the initial peak among children aged 5-9 years (617/100,000) and the second peak among adults aged 60-64 years (627/100,000). A male preponderance was clearly seen between the ages of 5 -19 years, and beyond the age of 60 years. Highest incidence rates were reported in central Dutchess County. Onset of illness occurred most frequently in June, July, and August. Ninety-four percent of cases occurred among the predominantly white population, which had the highest incidence rate (431/100,000) among the races. Incidence rate for non-Hispanics was more than double that for Hispanics. Eighty-one percent of reported cases had erythema migrans. Conclusions: While some prevention programs could be broadly targeted to the entire Dutchess County population, other interventions might be most effective if they focused on the high-risk population groups and areas defined in this report. The high proportion of cases with erythema migrans suggests that early diagnosis and treatment should be effective in reducing late-stage complications of Lyme disease in Dutchess County. Surveillance data for other endemic counties and states can be similarly analyzed to enhance and monitor local prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Epidemiol Sect, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Div Commun Dis, Poughkeepsie, NY USA. Dutchess Cty Dept Hlth, Poughkeepsie, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Stat Unit, Albany, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Arthropod Borne Dis Program, Albany, NY USA. RP Chow, CC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL PI NEW YORK PA BOX 1094 ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE ATTN: CIRCULATION ASST, NEW YORK, NY 10029-6574 USA SN 0027-2507 J9 MT SINAI J MED JI Mt. Sinai J. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 70 IS 3 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 675KQ UT WOS:000182693900013 PM 12764540 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Farley, MM Hadler, J Harrison, LH Bennett, NM Lynfield, R Reingold, A Cieslak, PR Pilishvili, T Jackson, D Facklam, RR Jorgensen, JH Schuchat, A AF Whitney, CG Farley, MM Hadler, J Harrison, LH Bennett, NM Lynfield, R Reingold, A Cieslak, PR Pilishvili, T Jackson, D Facklam, RR Jorgensen, JH Schuchat, A CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 27-30, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNOGENICITY; REDUCTION; PREVENTION; DIPHTHERIA; PRINCIPLES; EFFICACY AB BACKGROUND: In early 2000, a protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine targeting seven pneumococcal serotypes was licensed in the United States for use in young children. METHODS: We examined population-based data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to evaluate changes in the burden of invasive disease, defined by isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site. Serotyping and susceptibility testing of isolates were performed. We assessed trends using data from seven geographic areas with continuous participation from 1998 through 2001 (population, 16 million). RESULTS: The rate of invasive disease dropped from an average of 24.3 cases per 100,000 persons in 1998 and 1999 to 17.3 per 100,000 in 2001. The largest decline was in children under two years of age. In this group, the rate of disease was 69 percent lower in 2001 than the base-line rate (59.0 cases per 100,000 vs. 188.0 per 100,000, P<0.001); the rate of disease caused by vaccine and vaccine-related serotypes declined by 78 percent (P<0.001) and 50 percent (P<0.001), respectively. Disease rates also fell for adults; as compared with base line, the rate of disease in 2001 was 32 percent lower for adults 20 to 39 years of age (7.6 cases per 100,000 vs. 11.2 per 100,000, P<0.001), 8 percent lower for those 40 to 64 years of age (19.7 per 100,000 vs. 21.5 per 100,000, P=0.03), and 18 percent lower for those 65 years of age or more (49.5 per 100,000 vs. 60.1 per 100,000, P<0.001). The rate of disease caused by strains that were not susceptible to penicillin was 35 percent lower in 2001 than in 1999 (4.1 cases per 100,000 vs. 6.3 per 100,000, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is preventing disease in young children, for whom the vaccine is indicated, and may be reducing the rate of disease in adults. The vaccine provides an effective new tool for reducing disease caused by drug-resistant strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Monroe Cty Dept Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), CDC Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 1409 Z9 1455 U1 6 U2 45 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 18 BP 1737 EP 1746 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa022823 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 672VK UT WOS:000182543500002 PM 12724479 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Neuzil, KM Yu, OC Benson, P Barlow, WE Adams, AL Hanson, CA Mahoney, LD Shay, DK Thompson, WW AF Jackson, LA Neuzil, KM Yu, OC Benson, P Barlow, WE Adams, AL Hanson, CA Mahoney, LD Shay, DK Thompson, WW CA Vaccine Safety Datalink TI Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in older adults SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION; ELDERLY PEOPLE; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY; DISEASE; TRIAL; INFECTION; METAANALYSIS AB BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the chief cause of pneumonia in older adults, but it remains unclear whether use of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine alters the overall risk of community-acquired pneumonia. In a large population of older adults, we assessed the effectiveness of the pneumococcal vaccine. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 47,365 Group Health Cooperative members 65 years of age or older were assessed over a three-year period. The primary outcomes were hospitalization because of community-acquired pneumonia (validated by chart review), pneumonia in patients who were not hospitalized (``outpatient pneumonia,'' determined from administrative data sources), and pneumococcal bacteremia. The association between pneumococcal vaccination and the risk of each outcome was evaluated by means of multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models, with adjustment for age, sex, nursing-home residence or nonresidence, smoking status, medical conditions, and receipt or nonreceipt of influenza vaccine. RESULTS: During the study period, 1428 cohort members were hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, 3061 were assigned a diagnosis of outpatient pneumonia, and 61 had pneumococcal bacteremia. Receipt of the pneumococcal vaccine was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of pneumococcal bacteremia (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.93) but a slightly increased risk of hospitalization for pneumonia (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.28). Pneumococcal vaccination did not alter the risk of outpatient pneumonia (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.13) or of any case of community-acquired pneumonia, whether or not it required hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.14). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the effectiveness of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for the prevention of bacteremia, but they suggest that alternative strategies are needed to prevent nonbacteremic pneumonia, which is a more common manifestation of pneumococcal infection in elderly persons. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 39 TC 322 Z9 333 U1 1 U2 13 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 18 BP 1747 EP 1755 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa022678 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 672VK UT WOS:000182543500003 PM 12724480 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Tatham, L Peterson, HB Toner, J Jeng, G AF Schieve, LA Tatham, L Peterson, HB Toner, J Jeng, G TI Spontaneous abortion among pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technology in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; MISCARRIAGE RATES; TWIN PREGNANCIES; BIRTHS; AGE; NUMBER; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To ermine rates and risk factors for spontaneous abortion among pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART). METHODS: Subjects were 62,228 clinical pregnancies resulting from ART procedures initiated in 1996-1998 in US clinics. Spontaneous abortion was based on ART clinic report and was defined as loss of the entire pregnancy. Spontaneous abortion rates for ART pregnancies were compared with spontaneous abortion rates from the National Survey of Family Growth, a population-based survey of US women 15-44 years. RESULTS: The spontaneous abortion rate among ART pregnancies was 14.7%. This was similar to rates among pregnancies reported in the National Survey of Family Growth. Among pregnancies conceived with the patient's oocytes and freshly fertilized embryos, the spontaneous abortion risk ranged from 10.1% among women 20-29 years to 39.3% among women older than 43. Spontaneous abortion risk among pregnancies conceived with donor eggs was 13.1% with little variation by patient age. Spontaneous abortion risk was increased for pregnancies conceived with frozen and thawed embryos and decreased among multiple-gestation pregnancies. Spontaneous abortion risk was increased among women reporting previous spontaneous abortions and ART attempts, and among women who used clomiphene or zygote intrafallopian transfer. Pregnancies conceived by young women, but gestated by a surrogate; were at increased risk for spontaneous abortion in comparison with young women who gestated their own pregnancies. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ART does not pose a risk for spontaneous abortion. Factors related to oocyte or embryo quality are of primary importance in assessing spontaneous abortion risk. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, Div Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Atlanta Ctr Reprod Med, Woodstock, GA USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 101 IS 5 BP 959 EP 967 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00121-2 PN 1 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 672QD UT WOS:000182531500024 PM 12738158 ER PT J AU Kreps, GL Arora, NK Nelson, DE AF Kreps, GL Arora, NK Nelson, DE TI Consumer/provider communication research: directions for development SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE consumer/provider communication; doctor/patient communication; interpersonal communication ID PATIENT COMMUNICATION; HEALTH OUTCOMES AB Communication between health care providers and consumers is a critical part of effective health care delivery. Yet, the strategic use of interpersonal communication in health care delivery is most complex, multifaceted, and often problematic, necessitating careful study of the communication process in health care to increase understanding and help improve health communication practices. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored an expert symposium on consumer/provider communication research to examine progress and identify gaps in the research literature on doctor/patient communication. This paper and this special issue of Patient Education and Counseling reviews several of the key perspectives and suggestions presented at the symposium for directing future research and applications concerning consumer/provider communication. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NCI, Hlth Commun & Informat Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Outcomes Res Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Commun Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kreps, GL (reprint author), NCI, Hlth Commun & Informat Res Branch, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 4084,MSC 7365, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00070-3 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 726ZB UT WOS:000185630500001 PM 12767575 ER PT J AU Poehling, KA Szilagyi, PG Edwards, K Mitchel, E Barth, R Hughes, H Lafleur, B Schaffer, SJ Schwartz, B Griffin, MR AF Poehling, KA Szilagyi, PG Edwards, K Mitchel, E Barth, R Hughes, H Lafleur, B Schaffer, SJ Schwartz, B Griffin, MR TI Streptococcus pneumoniae-related illnesses in young children: secular trends and regional variation SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; population-based; epidemiology; secular trends; variation ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; JUDICIOUS USE; EFFICACY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; RESISTANCE; PRINCIPLES; INFECTIONS AB Background. Children <2 years old have been targeted for routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Laboratory-confirmed illnesses represent a minority of all medical care utilization for pneumococcal disease. Objectives. To evaluate trends in medical care utilization for Streptococcus pneumoniae-related illnesses before introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (1995 to 1999) and to evaluate regional variation in utilization. Method. Retrospective cohort analysis with the use of computerized billing data of children <2 years old enrolled in Tennessee (Medicaid program) and the Rochester, NY area (commercial and Medicaid managed care plans). Secular trends (1995 to 1999) analysis included 316 519 person-years in Tennessee Medicaid. Regional variation (1998 to 1999) analysis included 130 525 person-years in Tennessee and 26 140 and 3184 person-years in commercial and Medicaid plans, respectively, in the Rochester, NY area. Results. From 1995 to 1999 in Tennessee, the net increase in medical care visits was 12% for pneumococcal and nonspecific pneumonia and invasive disease, 11% for otitis media and 11% for other acute respiratory conditions. Analysis of trends indicated that a significant vaccine effect could be detected if utilization rates declined by 32, 9 and 21%, respectively. In the Tennessee Medicaid population, rates of pneumococcal and nonspecific pneumonia and invasive disease were 60% higher than in either the New York Medicaid or the commercial populations. Children with commercial insurance had the highest medical care utilization for otitis media. Conclusions. Geographic variation and large population differences in medical care utilization among children <2 years old in three study populations suggest that the benefits of vaccination may vary by region and by population. In the Tennessee Medicaid population, temporal trends and year-to-year variability of pneumococcal-related outcomes were observed from 1995 to 1999. In this population a 10% decline in otitis media visits after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could be detected by trend analysis. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Poehling, KA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U36 YCCU 217969-01] NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 22 IS 5 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1097/00006454-200305000-00004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 680NM UT WOS:000182984300004 PM 12792380 ER PT J AU Shepard, CW Rosenstein, NE Fischer, M AF Shepard, CW Rosenstein, NE Fischer, M CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Neonatal meningococcal disease in the United States, 1990 to 1999 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE neonatal; Neisseria meningitidis; meningococcal meningitis ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; INFECTION; NEWBORN AB Background. Although neonatal bacterial meningitis is common, the rate of invasive meningococcal disease in the United States among children less than or equal to30 days old has not been defined. Most relevant literature consists of case reports or case series, which note high case-fatality ratios but do not describe the overall burden of disease. Methods. We used active, population-based surveillance data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance program to estimate the incidence of neonatal meningococcal disease in the United States from 1990 to 1999. A case of neonatal meningococcal disease was defined as isolation of Neisseria meningitidis from a normally sterile site in a resident of the surveillance area less than or equal to30 days of age. Results. The median annual number of neonates under surveillance was 25 900. Between 1990 and 1999, 22 cases of neonatal meningococcal disease were identified. Three (14%) patients died. The average annual incidence was 9 per 100000. Conclusions. The rate of neonatal meningococcal disease in the United States is higher than previous estimates. Meningococcal disease is uncommon in neonates, but its rate is similar to that of meningococcal disease in 6- to 23-month-old children. C1 CDC, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, NCID,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shepard, CW (reprint author), CDC, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, NCID,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS C-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 22 IS 5 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1097/00006454-200305000-00005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 680NM UT WOS:000182984300005 PM 12792381 ER PT J AU Bakardjiev, A Azimi, PH Ashouri, N Ascher, DP Janner, D Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS Glaser, C AF Bakardjiev, A Azimi, PH Ashouri, N Ascher, DP Janner, D Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS Glaser, C TI Amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris: report of four cases SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE encephalitis; ameba; Balamuthia mandrillaris; Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis ID LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; HUMANS; AGENT; VENEZUELA; INFECTION; ANIMALS AB We report four fatal cases of amebic encephalitis in children caused by the free-living pathogenic ameba Balamuthia mandrillaris. The clinical course ranged from subacute to fulminant. Provisional diagnoses were made either shortly before death or postmortem by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Although the four cases occurred in different geographic locations, their common features may have diagnostic value for recognizing future cases of amebic encephalitis. The cases occurred in children 2 to 7.5 years old who were ostensibly immunocompetent and of Hispanic ethnicity. Three of the four children developed hydrocephalus during their illness. Increased awareness and timely diagnosis of this disease entity might lead to earlier intervention with improved outcome. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA USA. Childrens Hosp Orange Cty, Orange, CA 92668 USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Loma Linda Childrens Hosp, Loma Linda, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glaser, C (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 22 IS 5 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1097/00006454-200305000-00013 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 680NM UT WOS:000182984300013 PM 12792389 ER PT J AU Burstein, GR Lowry, R Klein, JD Santelli, JS AF Burstein, GR Lowry, R Klein, JD Santelli, JS TI Missed opportunities for sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, and pregnancy prevention services during adolescent health supervision visits SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescence; health supervision visit; prevention counseling; sexually transmitted diseases; human immunodeficiency virus; teen pregnancy ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; UNITED-STATES; MANAGED CARE; AGE; RELIABILITY; CHLAMYDIA; GENDER AB Objective. To describe prevention counseling on pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), received by sexually experienced youth in the primary care setting and to test associations between recent sexual risk behaviors and preventive counseling. Methods. Using data from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance survey, a nationally representative survey (N = 15 349) of high school students, we analyzed responses to questions about sexual experience, time since last preventive health care visit, and discussion of STD, HIV, or pregnancy prevention with a doctor or nurse during their last preventive health care visit. Logistic regression was used to test associations; students' demographic characteristics were controlled. Results. More than half of the US high school students surveyed reported a preventive health care visit in the 12 months preceding the survey: 60.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 57.2%-63.6%) of female students and 57.5% ( 95% CI: 53.9%-61.1%) of male students. For female students, sexual experience was positively associated with a preventive health care visit ( odds ratio [ OR]: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.6), but for male students, sexual experience had a negative effect ( OR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-0.9). Of the students who reported a preventive health care visit in the 12 months preceding the survey, 42.8% ( 95% CI: 38.6%-47.1%) of female students and 26.4% ( 95% CI: 22.7%-30.2%) of male students reported having discussed STD, HIV, or pregnancy prevention at those visits. Sexual experience was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in a dialogue about sexual health once a student entered the health care system: female students ( OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 3.0-4.9) and male students ( OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). Conclusion. Primary care providers miss opportunities to provide STD, HIV, and pregnancy prevention counseling to high-risk youth. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ct HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burstein, GR (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ct HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 BP 996 EP 1001 DI 10.1542/peds.111.5.996 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KC UT WOS:000182579300028 PM 12728079 ER PT J AU Krebs, NF Baker, RD Greer, FR Heyman, MB Jaksic, T Lifshitz, F AF Krebs, NF Baker, RD Greer, FR Heyman, MB Jaksic, T Lifshitz, F CA Comm Nutr TI Reimbursement for foods for special dietary use SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB Foods for special dietary use are recommended by physicians for chronic diseases or conditions of childhood, including inherited metabolic diseases. Although many states have created legislation requiring reimbursement for foods for special dietary use, legislation is now needed to mandate consistent coverage and reimbursement for foods for special dietary use and related support services with accepted medical benefit for children with designated medical conditions. C1 Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Nutr, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIDDKD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Krebs, NF (reprint author), Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Nutr, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1119 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KC UT WOS:000182579300049 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, K Floyd, L Sobell, M Velasquez, MM Baio, J Carbonari, J Sidhu, J vonSternberg, K AF Ingersoll, K Floyd, L Sobell, M Velasquez, MM Baio, J Carbonari, J Sidhu, J vonSternberg, K CA Project CHOICES Intervention Res G TI Reducing the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies: A study of a motivational intervention in community settings SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE fetal alcohol syndrome; motivational interviewing; alcohol-related disorders; alcohol; pregnancy; mental health; women's health ID UNITED-STATES; DRINKING; WOMEN AB Objectives. To test the feasibility and impact of a motivational intervention in reducing drinking and/or increasing effective contraception in women who are at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Methods. A multisite single-arm pilot study was conducted in 6 community settings in 3 large cities. A total of 2384 women were screened for eligibility; 230 were eligible on the basis of their alcohol use and lack of contraception. Of the eligible women, 190 consented and were enrolled, and 143 ( 75.3%) completed the 6-month follow-up. The intervention consisted of 4 manual-guided motivational counseling sessions delivered by mental health clinicians and 1 contraceptive counseling session delivered by a family planning clinician. Outcome measures include intervention completion rates, alcohol use ( frequency, quantity, and bingeing), contraceptive use and effectiveness, and risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Results. Among women who completed the 6-month follow-up, 68.5% were no longer at risk of having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy; 12.6% of women who completed the program reduced drinking only; 23.1% used effective contraception only; and 32.9% reported both. Results were consistent across the 6 diverse high-risk settings. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that providing 4 sessions of motivational interviewing plus a contraception counseling session is feasible and strongly suggests that this intervention can decrease the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancy in women in high-risk settings. Additional investigation in a randomized controlled trial is warranted. C1 CDC, BDD, FAS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. RP Floyd, L (reprint author), CDC, BDD, FAS, Mailstop F-49,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Ingersoll, Karen/A-9313-2009 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1131 EP 1135 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700002 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS Lipscomb, LE Brewer, RD Gilbert, BC AF Naimi, TS Lipscomb, LE Brewer, RD Gilbert, BC TI Binge drinking in the preconception period and the risk of unintended pregnancy: Implications for women and their children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE unintended pregnancy; unplanned pregnancies; alcohol; binge drinking ID MATERNAL ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; BRIEF PHYSICIAN ADVICE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; CHILDHOOD ABUSE; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; BEHAVIORS; BRAIN; INTERVENTIONS AB Objective. To assess the relationship between unintended pregnancy resulting in a live birth and binge drinking ( having 5 or more alcoholic beverages on 1 occasion) in the 3 months before pregnancy ( the preconception period) and to characterize women who are of childbearing age and binge drink. Methods. A case-control study was conducted of women with pregnancies that resulted in a live birth, comparing those with unintended pregnancies with those with intended pregnancies. Data analyzed were from the 15 states that participated in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 1996 - 1999. Results. Of 72 907 respondents, 45% of pregnancies were unintended. Compared with women with intended pregnancy, women with unintended pregnancy were more likely to be young and black and to report preconception binge drinking (16.3% vs 11.9%; odds ratio [ OR]: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.54). After adjusting for potential confounders, preconception binge drinking was associated with unintended pregnancy for white women ( adjusted OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.47-1.80) but not for black women ( adjusted OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.77-1.20). Overall, 14% of women reported preconception binge drinking. Women who binge drank in the preconception period were more likely to be white and unmarried; to smoke and be exposed to violence in the preconception period; and to consume alcohol, binge drink, and smoke during pregnancy. Conclusions. Binge drinking in the preconception period was associated with unintended pregnancies resulting in a live birth among white women but not among black women. Preconception binge drinkers were more likely to engage in other risky behaviors, including drinking during pregnancy. Comprehensive interventions to reduce binge drinking may reduce unintended pregnancies, as well as other adverse maternal and pediatric health outcomes. C1 CDC, Alcohol Team, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, DACH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Naimi, TS (reprint author), CDC, Alcohol Team, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, DACH, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 51 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1136 EP 1141 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700003 PM 12728126 ER PT J AU Correa, A Botto, L Liu, YC Mulinare, J Erickson, JD AF Correa, A Botto, L Liu, YC Mulinare, J Erickson, JD TI Do multivitamin supplements attenuate the risk for diabetes-associated birth defects? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth defects; congenital heart defects; central nervous system defects; diabetes; multivitamin supplements; prevention ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; VITAMIN-E; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; EARLY-PREGNANCY; FOLIC-ACID; PREVENTION; MALFORMATIONS; RATS; EMBRYOPATHY; MOTHERS AB Objective. To evaluate whether the risk for birth defects associated with maternal diabetes is attenuated by use of multivitamin supplements during the periconceptional period. Methods. In the population-based Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study, we identified case infants who had nonsyndromic birth defects that were reported to be associated with diabetes ( n = 3278) and were born during 1968 - 1980 to residents of metropolitan Atlanta. Controls were infants without birth defects ( n = 3029). Maternal diabetes was defined as reported diabetes with onset before the date of birth of the index infant, and periconceptional use of multivitamins was defined as reported regular use of multivitamin supplements from 3 months before pregnancy through the first 3 months of pregnancy. Results. Offspring of mothers with diabetes had an increased risk for selected birth defects. However, the increased risk was limited to offspring of mothers who had diabetes and had not taken multivitamins during the periconceptional period ( odds ratio: 3.93; 95% confidence interval: 1.79 - 8.63). Offspring of mothers who had diabetes and had taken multivitamins during the periconceptional period had no increased risk for birth defects ( odds ratio: 0.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.00 - 1.99). Conclusions. Periconceptional use of multivitamin supplements may reduce the risk for birth defects among offspring of mothers with diabetes. C1 CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Correa, A (reprint author), CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1146 EP 1151 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700005 PM 12728128 ER PT J AU Watkins, ML Rasmussen, SA Honein, MA Botto, LD Moore, CA AF Watkins, ML Rasmussen, SA Honein, MA Botto, LD Moore, CA TI Maternal obesity and risk for birth defects SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE obesity; body mass index; pregnancy; neural tube defect; congenital anomaly; birth defect ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; BODY-MASS INDEX; ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN LEVELS; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; UNITED-STATES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SPINA-BIFIDA; WEIGHT; MALFORMATIONS; SURVEILLANCE AB Objective. Several studies have shown an increased risk for neural tube defects associated with prepregnancy maternal obesity. Because few recent studies have examined the relation between maternal prepregnancy obesity and overweight and other birth defects, we explored the relation for several birth defects and compared our findings with those of previous studies. Methods. We conducted a population-based case-control study of several selected major birth defects using data from the Atlanta Birth Defects Risk Factor Surveillance Study. Mothers who delivered an infant with and without selected birth defects in a 5-county metropolitan Atlanta area between January 1993 and August 1997 were interviewed. Maternal body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported maternal prepregnancy weight and height. Women with known preexisting diabetes were excluded. The risks for obese women ( BMI >30) and overweight women ( BMI 25.0-29.9) were compared with those for average-weight women ( BMI 18.5-24.9). Results. Obese women were more likely than average-weight women to have an infant with spina bifida ( unadjusted odds ratio [ OR]: 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-10.3), omphalocele ( OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.0-10.3), heart defects ( OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.4), and multiple anomalies ( OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.0-3.8). Overweight women were more likely than average-weight women to have infants with heart defects ( OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.1) and multiple anomalies ( OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.4). Conclusions. Our study confirmed the previously established association between spina bifida and prepregnancy maternal obesity and found an association for omphalocele, heart defects, and multiple anomalies among infants of obese women. We also found an association between heart defects and multiple anomalies and being overweight before pregnancy. A higher risk for some birth defects is yet another adverse pregnancy outcome associated with maternal obesity. Obesity prevention efforts are needed to increase the number of women who are of healthy weight before pregnancy. C1 CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watkins, ML (reprint author), CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 298 Z9 308 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1152 EP 1158 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700006 PM 12728129 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Martin, JA Jeng, G Macaluso, M AF Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Martin, JA Jeng, G Macaluso, M TI Trends in multiple births conceived using assisted reproductive technology, United States, 1997-2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; fertilization in vitro; embryo transfer; multiple-birth offspring; multiple pregnancy ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; TWIN PREGNANCIES; RISK AB Objective. To examine trends in multiple births conceived using assisted reproductive technology ( ART) in the United States between 1997 and 2000 and to estimate the proportion of all US multiple births attributable to ART use. Methods. We analyzed population-based data of 109 519 live-born infants who were conceived in the United States using ART and born between 1997 and 2000 and population-based data of 15 856 809 live-born infants who were delivered in the United States between 1997 and 2000. Multiple birth rates ( the number of live-born infants delivered in multiple gestation pregnancies per 1000 live births) and the proportion of all US multiple births attributable to ART were evaluated. Results. The twin rate for ART patients increased between 1997 and 2000, reaching 444.7 per 1000 live births in 2000, whereas the triplet/+ rate declined substantially from 134.3 to 98.7 per 1000 live births from 1997 - 2000. From 1997 - 2000, the proportion of multiple births in the United States attributable to ART increased from 11.2% to 13.6%, whereas the proportion attributable to natural conception decreased from 69.9% to 64.5%. In 2000, the proportion of triplet/+ births attributable to ART and to natural conception was 42.5% and 17.7%, respectively. The contribution of ART to multiple births increased substantially with maternal age, from 11.6% for triplet/+ infants born to women aged 20 to 24 to 92.8% for women aged 45 to 49 years. Conclusions. The contribution of ART to twin birth rates continues to increase, but the contribution of ART to triplet/+ birth rates has declined. C1 CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 13 TC 178 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1159 EP 1162 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700007 PM 12728130 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Honein, MA Shaw, GM Romitti, PA AF Reefhuis, J Honein, MA Shaw, GM Romitti, PA TI Fertility treatments and craniosynostosis: California, Georgia, and Iowa, 1993-1997 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE abnormalities; craniosynostoses; pregnancy; fertility agents; assisted reproductive techniques; artificial insemination; fertilization in vitro; registries ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; MATERNAL SMOKING; INCREASED RISK; BIRTH-DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; INFERTILITY; MUTATION; DRUGS AB Objective. Craniosynostosis, a malformation caused by premature closure of 1 or more cranial sutures, is a rare birth defect usually of unknown cause; however, it is often associated with advanced maternal age. Because fertility treatments are also associated with increased maternal age, this study investigated the possible association between fertility treatments and craniosynostosis. Methods. Data from the Birth Defect Risk Factor Surveillance study were used, which included infants who were delivered from 1993 through 1997 in California, Georgia, and Iowa. Cases were defined as infants who had nonfamilial, nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and were ascertained through existing birth defect surveillance systems. Controls, infants without birth defects, were selected from the same regions and time period. Results. Mothers of 99 case infants and 777 control infants from the 3 study locations participated in this study by completing a telephone interview. Unadjusted analyses showed associations with craniosynostosis for mothers who had used clomiphene citrate ( odds ratio[ OR]: 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-12.3), artificial insemination ( OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 0.8-9.4), or assisted reproductive techniques ( OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 0.5-27.3). Conclusions. This is the first study that has found associations between fertility treatments and craniosynostosis. However, the numbers are small; therefore, the results should be viewed with caution. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1163 EP 1166 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700008 PM 12728131 ER PT J AU Daniel, KL Honein, MA Moore, CA AF Daniel, KL Honein, MA Moore, CA TI Sharing prescription medication among teenage girls: Potential danger to unplanned/undiagnosed pregnancies SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE drug prescriptions; medication sharing; adolescence; teratogens ID UNITED-STATES; PHARMACEUTICALS; MISUSE; DRUGS; ABUSE AB Objective. The objective of this study was to determine how often children and adolescents share prescription medications and, because of teratogenic concerns, assess specific reasons why girls might engage in medication-sharing behaviors. Methods. Data were collected as part of Youthstyles, a mail survey of children and adolescents 9 through 18 years of age ( 764 girls and 804 boys) about health issues, attitudinal variables, and media preferences. Information collected by the survey included the respondent's history of borrowing or sharing prescription medications, the frequency with which sharing occurred, the reasons why medications might be borrowed or shared, and who influences their decisions to borrow or share medication. Results. A total of 20.1% of girls and 13.4% of boys reported ever borrowing or sharing medications. Of the girls surveyed, 15.7% reported borrowing prescription medications from others, and 14.5% reported sharing their prescription medication with someone else. The reported likelihood of sharing increased with age. Medication sharing or borrowing was not a "one time only" emergency use for many: 7.3% of girls 15 through 18 years of age had shared medications > 3 times. Reasons that girls gave for why they would share medications included having a prescription for the same medicine (40.2%), getting the medication from a family member (33.4%), having the same problem as the person who had the medication (29%), or wanting something strong for pimples or oily skin (10.5%). Conclusions. Medication sharing is relatively common among children and adolescents and is more common among girls than boys. An adolescent who receives a medication via sharing does not receive the appropriate information about its actions and possible negative interactions with other medications or any other associated risks. Sharing potentially teratogenic drugs is of special concern. Many barriers exist to communicating the risk about teratogenic drugs to women and girls, particularly if they are not planning a pregnancy or are unaware that they are already pregnant. These findings suggest the need for basic research on issues related to the dangers of medication sharing and teratogenic risks, as well as the development of successful approaches to communicate these risks. C1 CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Daniel, KL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1167 EP 1170 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700009 PM 12728132 ER PT J AU Durousseau, S Chavez, GF AF Durousseau, S Chavez, GF TI Associations of intrauterine growth restriction among term infants and maternal pregnancy intendedness, initial happiness about being pregnant, and sense of control SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 129th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY OCT 21-25, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Publ Hlth Assoc DE low birth weight; infant; small for gestational age; pregnancy; psychology ID FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; LIFE EVENTS; STRESS; MORBIDITY; OUTCOMES; IMPACT; LOCUS; WOMEN; RISK AB Objective. Term infants (greater than or equal to 37 weeks' gestation) who weigh < 2500 g have intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR) and have a higher risk of mortality and morbidity. Little is known about how psychosocial factors affect the risk of IUGR. We examined the association between IUGR and maternal pregnancy intendedness, initial happiness about becoming pregnant, and maternal sense of control. Methods. We analyzed data from a survey of California mothers aged &GE; 15 years with term live births in 1999 and 2000 ( N = 5961). Mothers were asked about pregnancy intendedness before pregnancy, initial happiness about becoming pregnant, and maternal sense of control, assessed by a standardized scale. We examined the association of having an infant with IUGR and these factors in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results. Mothers with low sense of control (3.0%) and average sense of control (2.7%) were more likely to have an infant with IUGR than mothers with high sense of control (1.8%; odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-2.9; and odds ratio: 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.0 - 2.5). After multivariate analysis, we found no significant association between sense of control and IUGR. We also found no significant association between IUGR and pregnancy intendedness and happiness about becoming pregnant. Conclusions. We found no statistically significant association between IUGR and maternal pregnancy intendedness, initial happiness about becoming pregnant, and maternal sense of control. Although research should continue to explore associations between psychosocial factors and IUGR, prenatal care programs should focus on known risk factors for IUGR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Durousseau, S (reprint author), Dept Pediat, Sleepy Hollow Med Off Bldg,27303 Sleepy Hollow Bl, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1171 EP 1175 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700010 PM 12728133 ER PT J AU Ventura, SJ Hamilton, BE Mathews, TJ Chandra, A AF Ventura, SJ Hamilton, BE Mathews, TJ Chandra, A TI Trends and variations in smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight: Evidence from the birth certificate, 1990-2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; maternal smoking; low birth weight; birth certificates ID MATERNAL SMOKING; INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE; TOBACCO AB Objective. This study compares patterns of tobacco use during pregnancy over time and across population subgroups and examines the impact of maternal smoking on the incidence of low birth weight ( LBW). The study also evaluates the use of birth certificates to monitor prenatal smoking. Methods. The birth certificates of all states ( except California) and the District of Columbia for 2000 provided to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed. Trends in maternal smoking were examined with data from birth certificates and other relevant sources. Results. Smoking during pregnancy was reported for 12.2% of women who gave birth in 2000, down 37% from 1989 ( 19.5%), when this information was first collected on birth certificates. Throughout the 1990s, prenatal smoking rates were highest for older teenagers and women in their early 20s. Among population subgroups, the highest rates were reported for non-Hispanic white women who attended but did not complete high school. The incidence of LBW among singleton infants who were born to smokers was double that for nonsmokers. This relationship was observed in all age groups, for births to Hispanic and non-Hispanic white and black women, and within educational attainment subgroups. Even light smoking (< 5 cigarettes daily) was associated with elevated rates of LBW. Conclusion. Although prenatal smoking may be underreported on the birth certificate, the trends and variations in smoking based on birth certificate data have been confirmed with data from other sources. Birth certificate data can be useful in monitoring prenatal smoking patterns. Changes in the birth certificate questions that are to be implemented beginning in 2003 will help to clarify the levels and changes in smoking behavior during pregnancy so that smoking cessation programs can be more effectively designed to meet the needs of the populations at risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ventura, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 28 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1176 EP 1180 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700011 PM 12728134 ER PT J AU Peters, V Liu, KL Dominguez, K Frederick, T Melville, S Hsu, HW Ortiz, I Rakusan, T Gill, B Thomas, P AF Peters, V Liu, KL Dominguez, K Frederick, T Melville, S Hsu, HW Ortiz, I Rakusan, T Gill, B Thomas, P CA PSD Consortium TI Missed opportunities for perinatal HIV prevention among HIV-exposed infants born 1996-2000, pediatric spectrum of HIV disease cohort SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN DE perinatal HIV prevention; missed opportunities for perinatal HIV prevention; pediatric HIV infection ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE; INFECTION; THAILAND; BANGKOK; WOMEN; RNA AB Objective. Despite dramatic reductions in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in the United States, obstacles to perinatal HIV prevention that include lack of prenatal care; failure to test pregnant women for HIV before delivery; and lack of prenatal, intrapartum, or neonatal antiretroviral (ARV) use remain. The objective of this study was to describe trends in perinatal HIV prevention methods, perinatal transmission rates, and the contribution of missed opportunities for perinatal HIV prevention to perinatal HIV infection. Methods. We analyzed data obtained from infant medical records on 4755 HIV-exposed singleton deliveries in 1996 - 2000, from 6 US sites that participate in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Project. HIV-exposed deliveries refer to deliveries in which the mother was known to have HIV infection during the pregnancy. Results. Of the 4287 women with data on prenatal care, 92% had prenatal care. From 1996 to 2000, among the 3925 women with prenatal care, 92% had an HIV test before delivery; the use of prenatal zidovudine (ZDV) alone decreased from 71% to 9%, and the use of prenatal ZDV with other ARVs increased from 6% to 70%. Complete data on maternal and neonatal ARVs were available for 3284 deliveries. Perinatal HIV transmission was 3% in 1651 deliveries with prenatal ZDV in combination with other ARVs, intrapartum ZDV, and neonatal ZDV; 6% in 1111 deliveries with prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal ZDV alone; 8% in 152 deliveries with intrapartum and neonatal ZDV alone; 14% of 73 deliveries with neonatal ZDV only started within 24 hours of birth; and 20% in 297 deliveries with no prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal ARVs. Complete data on prenatal events were available in 328 HIV-infected and 3258 HIV-uninfected infants. A total of 56% of mothers of HIV-infected infants had missed opportunities for perinatal HIV prevention versus 16% of mothers of HIV-uninfected infants. Forty-four percent of the infected infants were born to mothers who had prenatal care, a prenatal HIV diagnosis, and documented prenatal ARV therapy. Seventeen percent of women with reported illicit drug use had no prenatal care versus 3% of women with no reported drug use. In a multivariate analysis, maternal illicit drug use was significantly associated with lack of prenatal care. In a multivariate analysis, year of infant birth and the combination of lack of maternal HIV testing before delivery and lack of prenatal antiretroviral therapies were significantly associated with perinatal HIV transmission. Conclusions. Missed opportunities for perinatal HIV prevention contributed to more than half of the cases of HIV-infected infants. Prenatal care and HIV testing before delivery are major opportunities for perinatal HIV prevention. Illicit drug use was highly associated with lack of prenatal care, and lack of HIV testing before delivery was highly associated with perinatal HIV transmission. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, HIV Surveillance & Epidemiol Program, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. State Labs Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Dept Salud, San Juan, PR USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Peters, V (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, HIV Surveillance & Epidemiol Program, 346 Broadway,Rm 706, New York, NY 10013 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU203312, U64/CCU206818, U64/CCU303310, U64/CCU603300, U64/CCU903273] NR 25 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1186 EP 1191 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700013 PM 12728136 ER PT J AU Euler, GL Wooten, KG Baughman, AL Williams, WW AF Euler, GL Wooten, KG Baughman, AL Williams, WW TI Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence among pregnant women in urban areas: Implications for testing, reporting, and preventing perinatal transmission SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; hepatitis B surface antigen; infant; maternal; pregnancy; prevalence; vaccination ID VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; VACCINE; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; INFANTS; MOTHERS; HBSAG AB Objectives. To estimate race/ethnicity-specific prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg) in pregnant urban women and to evaluate factors associated with maternal HBsAg testing. Methods. A multicenter, retrospective chart review was conducted of a racially/ethnically stratified random sample of maternal/infant charts of 10 523 women who gave birth to live infants during 1990 - 1993 in 4 urban areas in the United States. Data were collected on multiple variables, including demographic variables, HBsAg test dates and results, prenatal care type, and amount and source of payment. Results. HBsAg prevalence among white non-Hispanics was 0.60% ( 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 0.22 - 0.98), black non-Hispanics 0.97% ( 95% CI: 0.48 - 1.47), Hispanics 0.14% ( 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.26), and Asians 5.79% ( 95% CI: 4.42 - 7.16). HBsAg testing rates increased from 56.6% in 1990 to 78.2% in 1993. Factors associated with not being tested varied by urban area, but in the combined area model, they were having no or private prenatal care ( odds ratios: 18.75 and 5.07, respectively) and being black ( odds ratios: 2.08). Only 20.9% ( 95% CI: 19.1% - 22.8%) of those not tested prenatally were tested at delivery. The expected number of infants born to HBsAg-positive study-area women was 3327 using study prevalence rates, compared with 1761 using national rates. Conclusions. To help ensure that all urban infants who are born to HBsAg-positive women receive appropriate prophylaxis, health officials in urban areas should use urban-area prevalence rates to ascertain completeness of reporting maternal HBsAg positivity. Needed steps to increase maternal HBsAg testing rates include ensuring that more pregnant women receive prenatal care, promoting testing by private providers, educating providers about testing in all racial and ethnic groups, and reminding providers to test at delivery those women not tested prenatally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Euler, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Huang, Linlu/H-3410-2011 NR 34 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1192 EP 1197 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700014 PM 12728137 ER PT J AU Li, RW Zhao, Z Mokdad, A Barker, L Grummer-Strawn, L AF Li, RW Zhao, Z Mokdad, A Barker, L Grummer-Strawn, L TI Prevalence of breastfeeding in the United States: The 2001 National Immunization Survey SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding prevalence; surveillance; National Immunization Survey ID DURATION AB Objective. To address key gaps in the annual monitoring of breastfeeding prevalence in the United States, 3 breastfeeding questions concerning the initiation, duration, and exclusivity of breastfeeding were added to the rotating modules of the National Immunization Survey (NIS) beginning in the third quarter of 2001. The present study examines the current prevalence of breastfeeding in the United States using NIS data from this initial quarter. Methods. The NIS is a random-digit-dialing survey of households with children aged 19 to 35 months, followed by a mail survey of the eligible children's vaccination providers to validate the child's vaccination information. In the third quarter of 2001, a randomly selected subset of households interviewed in the NIS (N = 896) were asked questions about breastfeeding. Results. Almost two thirds ( 65.1%) of children had ever been breastfed. At 6 and 12 months, 27.0% and 12.3%, respectively, were receiving some breast milk. Non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were low in the United States with only 7.9% at 6 months. Conclusions. Although breastfeeding initiation is near the national goal of 75%, breastfeeding continuation lags behind the national goals of 50% and 25% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Strenuous public health efforts are needed to improve breastfeeding practices among blacks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Immunizat Program, MS K-25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1198 EP 1201 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700015 PM 12728138 ER PT J AU Prince, CB Miyashiro, L Weirather, Y Heu, P AF Prince, CB Miyashiro, L Weirather, Y Heu, P TI Epidemiology of early hearing loss detection in Hawaii SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE universal newborn hearing screening; epidemiology; hearing screening/follow-up AB Objective. Universal Newborn Hearing Screening began in 2 Honolulu hospitals in 1992, and by 1999, all 14 civilian birthing facilities in Hawaii were providing screening. Examination of 1998 Hawaii data indicated that approximately 13% of infants who did not pass initial hearing screening in the hospital did not return for the indicated follow-up. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiologic profile of infants who were born in 1999 and did not return for follow-up. Methods. A population-based, cohort study of the hearing screening completion rates among the 13 civilian birthing facilities in Hawaii that provided data to the Department of Health was conducted. Analysis included a bivariate analysis of the demographic characteristics of infants who completed the screening/follow-up process compared with those who did not and logistic regression modeling to ascertain the demographic profile of infants at high risk for being lost to follow-up. Results. Of 12 456 infants, hearing screening data could be linked to the birth certificate file, and a final disposition regarding completion of the screening/follow-up process was determined for 10 328 (83%). Less than 2% (n = 176) of the linked infants failed to complete the screening/follow-up procedures. Low birth weight and white infants and infants born to women who had not completed high school were approximately twice as likely not to complete the screening as were their normal birth weight or nonwhite counterparts. Conclusions. Failure to complete the hearing screening follow-up may be related to cultural differences that have been previously reported in other maternal and child health studies of the diverse populations in Hawaii. The results of this study will allow the Hawaii Newborn Hearing Screening Program to target its efforts and limited resources toward infants who are at higher risk of not completing the screening and who may need special attention to encourage their mothers to complete the screening process, and to move quickly with rescreening infants whose initial tests are positive so that infants are not lost to follow-up. C1 Hawaii Dept Hlth, Family Hlth Serv Div, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Prince, CB (reprint author), Hawaii Dept Hlth, Family Hlth Serv Div, 3652 Kilauea Ave, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1202 EP 1206 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700016 PM 12728139 ER PT J AU Hauck, FR Herman, SM Donovan, M Iyasu, S Moore, CM Donoghue, E Kirschner, RH Willinger, M AF Hauck, FR Herman, SM Donovan, M Iyasu, S Moore, CM Donoghue, E Kirschner, RH Willinger, M TI Sleep environment and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in an urban population: The Chicago infant mortality study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE sudden infant death; infant care; blacks; sleep; risk factors ID BREAST-FEEDING DURATION; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIER USE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; OTITIS-MEDIA; NEW-ZEALAND; COT DEATH; POSITION; SIDS AB Objective. To examine risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS) with the goal of reducing SIDS mortality among blacks, which continues to affect this group at twice the rate of whites. Methods. We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of 260 SIDS deaths that occurred in Chicago between 1993 and 1996 and an equal number of matched living controls to determine the association between SIDS and factors in the sleep environment and other variables related to infant care. Results. The racial/ethnic composition of the study groups was 75.0% black; 13.1% Hispanic white; and 11.9% non-Hispanic white. Several factors related to the sleep environment during last sleep were associated with higher risk of SIDS: placement in the prone position (unadjusted odds ratio [ OR]: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-3.4), soft surface ( OR: 5.1; 95% CI: 3.1-8.3), pillow use ( OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5-4.2), face and/or head covered with bedding ( OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3-4.6), bed sharing overall ( OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.8-4.2), bed sharing with parent( s) alone ( OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-3.1), and bed sharing in other combinations ( OR: 5.4; 95% CI: 2.8-10.2). Pacifier use was associated with decreased risk ( unadjusted OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2-0.5), as was breastfeeding either ever ( OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.3) or currently ( OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.4). In a multivariate model, several factors remained significant: prone sleep position, soft surface, pillow use, bed sharing other than with parent( s) alone, and not using a pacifier. Conclusions. To lower further the SIDS rate among black and other racial/ethnic groups, prone sleeping, the use of soft bedding and pillows, and some types of bed sharing should be reduced. C1 Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Off Med Examiner Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hauck, FR (reprint author), Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Family Med, Box 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-3-3188]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860-06] NR 94 TC 150 Z9 156 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1207 EP 1214 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700017 PM 12728140 ER PT J AU Luman, ET McCauley, MM Shefer, A Chu, SY AF Luman, ET McCauley, MM Shefer, A Chu, SY TI Maternal characteristics associated with vaccination of young children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccination; immunization; children; mother; maternal characteristics ID HEALTH-CARE USE; IMMUNIZATION STATUS; PRIVATE PEDIATRICIANS; INSURANCE; CLINICS AB Objective. Mothers can be instrumental in gaining access to vaccination services for their children. This study examines maternal characteristics associated with vaccination in US preschool children. Methods. We analyzed data from 21 212 children aged 19 to 35 months in the National Immunization Survey. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify maternal characteristics associated with completion of all recommended vaccinations in these children. Results. Factors most strongly associated with under-vaccination included having mothers who were black; had less than a high school education; were divorced, separated, or widowed; had multiple children; were eligible for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) but not participating; or had incomes below 50% of the federal poverty level. Conclusion. Because most mothers play an important role in their children's vaccination, it is important to address maternal concerns and barriers when developing public health interventions for promoting childhood vaccinations. Encouraging eligible women and their children to participate in the WIC program and providing support and encouragement for immunization to mothers with multiple children may improve early childhood vaccination coverage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1215 EP 1218 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700018 PM 12728141 ER PT J AU Tomashek, KM Hsia, J Iyasu, S AF Tomashek, KM Hsia, J Iyasu, S TI Trends in postneonatal mortality attributable to injury, United States, 1988-1998 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE postneonatal; injury; preventable death; anticipatory guidance ID RESTRAINT USE; BELT LAWS; CHILDREN; INFANTS; TRAUMA; IMPACT; ABUSE AB Objective. Half of all postneonatal mortality (PNM; deaths among infants aged 28 - 364 days) in the United States is caused by potentially preventable causes such as sudden infant death syndrome, infections, and injuries. A detailed analysis of PNM attributable to injury has not been conducted and may provide useful data in prioritizing prevention strategies and targeting high-risk populations. Methods. The authors used US infant death certificate data to analyze trends in PNM caused by injury during 1988-1998. Attending physicians, medical examiners, or coroners report cause of death on death certificates using a format specified by the World Health Organization and endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The major causes of PNM by type of injury were evaluated, and trends were compared over time. Injury-related deaths per 100 000 live births were examined by race and region of residence. Rate ratios between black and white infants also were calculated. Results. Among major causes of PNM during the study period, injury mortality declined the least (13.0% decline; from 29.6 to 25.7 per 100 000 live births). All types of unintentional injury deaths declined except for mechanical suffocation rates, which increased from 4.8 to 7.1. Homicide rates increased slightly (8.5%) from an 11-year low in 1988 and accounted for a greater proportion of all PNM caused by injury by 1998 (27.5% in 1998, 22.1% in 1988). Overall, PNM rates attributable to injury declined less among blacks (8.7%) than whites (13.6%) during the study period, and rates were on average 2.6 times higher among black infants ( range: 2.4 - 3.0). Unintentional injury declined less among blacks (15.4%) than among whites (24.9%), in part because of an increase in motor vehicle crash-related mortality rates among black infants. Although black infants were more than 3 times as likely to be a victim of homicide than white infants ( range: 3.0 - 4.4), increases in homicide rates were similar among black infants (9.9%) and white infants (10.6%) from 1988 through 1998. Racial disparities in PNM attributable to injury varied by region. PNM rates attributable to injury increased only among black infants residing in the Midwest (10.2%) and West (27.7%) as a result of increases in unintentional injury (ie, motor vehicle crash-related deaths in the West and mechanical suffocation in the Midwest) and homicide rates in these regions. Homicide rates increased among all infants regardless of race, except for infants residing in the Northeast. Conclusions. Overall PNM rates attributable to injury declined, yet rates of mechanical suffocation increased and large regional and racial disparities persisted. Death certificates have limited information to help explain the observed differences. Because injuries are frequently preventable, prevention strategies should encourage formation of infant and child death review teams to help identify community and system factors that may contribute to injury deaths. Health care providers can assist parents in providing a safe environment for infants by counseling on age-appropriate injury prevention as part of their anticipatory guidance and serving as child advocates. Additional studies should examine regional differences in death investigation practices, case ascertainment, and reporting of deaths attributed to intentional injuries. C1 CDCP, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tomashek, KM (reprint author), CDCP, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1219 EP 1225 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700019 PM 12728142 ER PT J AU Maynard, LM Galuska, DA Blanck, HM Serdula, MK AF Maynard, LM Galuska, DA Blanck, HM Serdula, MK TI Maternal perceptions of weight status of children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE maternal perception; child overweight; obesity; weight status; body weight; mother-child relations ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; OBESE CHILDREN; SELF-ESTEEM; OVERWEIGHT; ADOLESCENTS; GIRLS; DISEASE; HEALTH; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Objective. We quantified maternal misclassification of child weight status and examined determinants associated with maternal perceptions of child weight status. Methods. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( 1988 - 1994) were used. The sample included 5500 children ( aged 2 - 11 years) with maternal interview data. Maternal perceptions of children's weight status were compared with measured weights and statures from which body mass index (BMI; weight/stature(2); kg/m(2)) percentiles and z scores were determined. Frequency analyses determined the percentages of mothers considering their child to be "overweight," " underweight," or " about the right weight." Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined predictors of maternal misclassification of overweight children (greater than or equal to 95th BMI-for-age percentile) and those at risk for overweight (greater than or equal to 85th to < 95th BMI-for-age percentile). Results. Nearly one third (32.1%) of mothers reported their overweight child as " about the right weight." Younger children and those with lower BMI-for-age z scores had significantly greater odds of maternal underclassification of child overweight status. For children at risk for overweight, 14.0% of mothers reported sons to be " overweight," whereas 29.0% considered daughters to be "overweight." Odds of maternal misclassification of at-risk children as " overweight" were significantly greater for daughters, older children, children with higher BMI-for-age z scores, and children whose mothers had a lower BMI. Race/ethnicity was not a significant predictor in either model. Conclusions. Nearly one third of mothers misclassify overweight children as being lower than their measured weight status. Mothers are more likely to identify daughters who are at risk of overweight as being " overweight" than they are sons. C1 CDCP, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Maynard, LM (reprint author), CDCP, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Vollrath, Margarete/G-1297-2011 NR 42 TC 177 Z9 182 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1226 EP 1231 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700020 PM 12728143 ER PT J AU Lesesne, CA Visser, SN White, CP AF Lesesne, CA Visser, SN White, CP TI Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school-aged children: Association with maternal mental health and use of health care resources SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE ADHD; ADD; child mental health; NHIS; maternal depression; maternal mental health ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; RISK; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA; GENETICS; SAMPLE; COUNTY; ADULTS AB Objective. To investigate the association between the mental health status of mothers and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in their school-aged children and to characterize the health care access and utilization of families affected by ADHD. Methods. Survey logistic regression procedures were used to investigate the association between activity-limiting mental health conditions in mothers and ADHD in their school-aged children using 1998 National Health Interview Survey data. A total of 9529 mother-child dyads were included in the final analysis. Results. The prevalence of ADHD among children aged 4 to 17 years was 6.3%. Survey logistic regression statistics revealed an association between an activity-limiting depression, anxiety, or emotional problem in mothers and ADHD in their children. This association persisted after controlling for the gender, age, and race of the child; household income ( as a function of the 1997 poverty level); and type of family structure as reported by the mother ( adjusted odds ratio [ OR]: 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2-8.1). Mothers of a child with ADHD were 13 times more likely to have consulted with a mental health professional about their child's health within the past year despite reporting an inability to afford prescription medications ( OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.2-4.9) and mental health care ( OR: 7.4; 95% CI: 4.6, 11.8) for the child. Conclusions. Maternal mental health is significantly associated with the presence of ADHD in school-aged children. This finding further supports a link between maternal mental health and behavioral outcomes in children. Health care utilization and access findings support a family-oriented system of care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lesesne, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 SU S BP 1232 EP 1237 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KG UT WOS:000182579700021 PM 12728144 ER PT J AU Wuhib, T McCarthy, BJ Chorba, TL Sinitsina, TA Ivasiv, IV McNabb, SJN AF Wuhib, T McCarthy, BJ Chorba, TL Sinitsina, TA Ivasiv, IV McNabb, SJN TI Underestimation of infant mortality rates in one republic of the former Soviet Union SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE infant mortality; former Soviet Union; perinatal; neonatal; maternal and child health ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM BIRTH; INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; IMPACT; CARE; INFECTION; HEALTH AB Objectives. Kazakhstan's live-birth definition-that dates from the former Soviet Union (FSU) era-differs from that used by the World Health Organization (WHO). We studied the impacts of both live-birth definitions on the computations of the infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal and child health (MCH) planning in Zhambyl Oblast, Kazakhstan. Methods. We interviewed caregivers and abstracted medical records to obtain birth weight and age-at-death information on infant deaths in Zhambyl Oblast from November 1, 1996, through October 31, 1997. Using the 2 indicators of birth weight and age at death, we created a matrix delineating the respective contribution to infant death (maternal health, newborn care, or infant care) for the cells. We then calculated the IMR, birth weight-specific IMR (BWS-IMR), and birth weight-proportionate IMR (BWP-IMR) for each cell. Results. The observed IMR in Zhambyl Oblast, in 1996-using the definition of a live birth from the FSU was 32 per 1000 live births. The recalculated IMR-using the WHO definition-was 58.7 per 1000 live births. Computed estimates of the contribution to infant death, by the categories of maternal health, newborn care, and infant care, were 10%, 23%, and 67%, respectively, when using the live-birth definition from the Soviet era. These estimates shifted to 24%, 41%, and 35%, respectively, when using the WHO definition, yet only 8% of the Zhambyl Oblast MCH budget was earmarked to maternal health and newborn care, which we estimated accounted for 65% of infant deaths. Conclusions. The live-birth definition commonly used in the FSU underestimated the IMR and undervalued the contributions to infant death by both maternal health and newborn care. We recommend that all republics of the FSU adopt the WHO live-birth definition so that the IMR can serve as a better indicator for MCH planning. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Studies Sect, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reproduct Hlth, Off Director, Div Reproduct Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & H, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kazakhstan Minist Hlth, Almaty, Kazakhstan. CDCP, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McNabb, SJN (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Studies Sect, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 111 IS 5 BP E596 EP E600 DI 10.1542/peds.111.5.e596 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673KC UT WOS:000182579300009 PM 12728116 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Macera, CA Helmick, CG Blair, SN AF Hootman, JM Macera, CA Helmick, CG Blair, SN TI Influence of physical activity-related joint stress on the risk of self-reported hip/knee osteoarthritis: a new method to quantify physical activity SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE osteoarthritis; physical activity; exercise; public health ID RADIOGRAPHIC KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; REPLACEMENT-THERAPY; WOMEN; HIP; SPORTS; FITNESS; PREVENTION; CHINGFORD; EXERCISE; HEALTHY AB Background. The relationship between physical activity (PA) and the development of hip/knee osteoarthritis (OA) has not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantify PA-related joint stress and to assess its influence on the risk of hip/knee OA. Methods. Participants in a large longitudinal study, without knee/hip OA (n = 5284), were asked about their PA participation in 1986. PA-related joint stress was calculated using information on the frequency, intensity, and duration of individual types of PA, and incorporated a quantification of joint stress. Self-reported, physician-diagnosed hip/knee OA was ascertained by survey in 1990, 1995, and 1999 (average length of follow-up: 12.8 years). Results. The joint stress PA score was not associated with an increased risk of hip/knee OA. Also, among walkers and runners there was no association between the frequency, pace, or weekly training mileage and hip/knee OA. Older age, previous joint injury and surgery, and higher body mass index were confirmed as independent risk factors for hip/knee OA. Conclusions. Participation in PA as an adult does not increase the risk of hip/knee OA and there does not seem to be a threshold of increasing risk with increased training among walkers and runners. 0 2003 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06945] NR 40 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 36 IS 5 BP 636 EP 644 DI 10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00018-5 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 670YV UT WOS:000182438400015 PM 12689810 ER PT J AU McKenna, JW Pechacek, TF Stroup, DF AF McKenna, JW Pechacek, TF Stroup, DF TI Health communication ethics and CDC quality-control guidelines for information SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McKenna, JW (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 118 IS 3 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1093/phr/118.3.193 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AJ UT WOS:000187280300005 PM 12766213 ER PT J AU Roberts, JR Hulsey, TC Curtis, GB Reigart, JR AF Roberts, JR Hulsey, TC Curtis, GB Reigart, JR TI Using geographic information systems to assess risk for elevated blood lead levels in children SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; HEALTH; TECHNOLOGY AB Objectives. Targeted screening for childhood lead poisoning depends on assessment of risk factors including housing age. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we aim to determine high-risk regions in Charleston County, South Carolina, to assist public health officials in developing targeted leadscreening. Methods. Properties built before 1978 were geocoded (assigned latitude and longitude coordinates) from tax assessor data. Addresses of Charleston County children who have been screened for lead poisoning were also geocoded. Locations of all housing, lead poisoning cases, and negative screens were created as separate map layers. Prevalence ratios of lead poisoning cases were calculated, as were relative risks for each category of housing. Results. Maps of Charleston County were produced showing the location of old housing, where screening took place, and where cases were found. One thousand forty-four cases were identified. Twenty percent of children living in pre-1950 homes had elevated blood lead levels (EBLL). Children living in pre-1950 housing were 3.9 times more likely to have an EBLL than children living in post-1977 housing. There was no difference in risk of living in a 1950-1977 home vs. a post-1977 home. A large number of cases were also found in an area of newer houses, but near a potential point source. Eighty-two percent of all screens were from children in post-1977 homes. Conclusions. Children living in pre-1950 housing were at higher risk for lead poisoning. GIS is useful in identifying areas of risk and unexpected clustering from potential point sources and may be useful for public health officials in developing targeted screening programs. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Epidemiol, Charleston, SC USA. RP Roberts, JR (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, 326 Calhoun St,POB 250106, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 118 IS 3 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50243-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AJ UT WOS:000187280300009 PM 12766217 ER PT J AU Smith, S AF Smith, S TI NCHS dataline SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 118 IS 3 BP 277 EP 278 DI 10.1093/phr/118.3.277 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AJ UT WOS:000187280300021 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Dee, TS Aral, SO AF Chesson, HW Dee, TS Aral, SO TI AIDS mortality may have contributed to the decline in syphilis rates in the United States in the 1990s SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CONSISTENT COVARIANCE-MATRIX; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; SAN-FRANCISCO; VIRAL LOAD; HIV; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: The mortality associated with AIDS among men may have had an influence on primary and secondary syphilis trends among men in the United States, through the loss of men at high risk for acquisition or transmission of syphilis in this population and/or by prompting safer sexual behaviors in response to the threat of AIDS. Goal: The goal of this study was to examine the association between AIDS mortality rates and primary and secondary syphilis incidence rates among men in the United States from 1984 to 1997. Study Design: We used a fixed-effects regression analysis of state-level AIDS mortality rates and primary and secondary syphilis incidence rates for men. Results: Our analysis showed a significant association between higher AIDS mortality and lower rates of syphilis incidence, after we controlled for confounding factors. Our model estimates suggested that every 20 AIDS deaths per 100,000 adult men are associated with declines of about 7% to 12% in syphilis incidence rates among men. Conclusion: Increases in AIDS-associated mortality may have accounted for one-third to one-half of the decline in syphilis rates among men in the early 1990s. Recent declines in AIDS mortality in the United States may have contributed to the recent outbreaks of syphilis, particularly among men who have sex with men. Our findings underscore the importance of providing STD prevention services to men with HIV infection and the need for STD surveillance in communities at risk for syphilis outbreaks. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Dept Econ, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), CDC Mailstop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 30 IS 5 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1097/00007435-200305000-00008 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 681RC UT WOS:000183048300008 PM 12916133 ER PT J AU Diamond, C Thiede, H Perdue, T Secura, GM Valleroy, L MacKellar, D Corey, L AF Diamond, C Thiede, H Perdue, T Secura, GM Valleroy, L MacKellar, D Corey, L CA Seattle Young Mens Survey Team TI Viral hepatitis among young men who have sex with men: Prevalence of infection, risk behaviors, and vaccination SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID B VIRUS-INFECTION; C VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; CLINICAL INTERVENTION; HIV PREVENTION; PRIMARY-CARE; TRANSMISSION; SEROPREVALENCE AB Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk for acquiring hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Goal. The goal was to describe the seroprevalence of and risk factors for viral hepatitis, the frequency of vaccination against HAV and HBV, and reasons for lack of vaccination among young MSM. Study Design: We performed hepatitis serologies on 833 MSM aged 15 to 29 years who attended public venues in King County, Washington. Results: While 14.6% were HAV-immune due to vaccination, 13.9% had prior HAV infection; 57.9% were susceptible and 13.5% had unclear status. While 24.5% were HBV-immune due to vaccination, 13.3% had prior HBV infection; 44.2% were susceptible and 18.0% had unclear status. Prior HBV infection was associated with prior HAV infection. Men unvaccinated against HAV or HBV were unaware of the vaccines or had never been offered vaccination or perceived themselves at low risk for infection. Among 10 HCV-sero-positive men, 70.0% reported injection drug use. Conclusion: MSM must be vaccinated at an early age to prevent acquisition of HAV and HBV. Given the frequency of coinfection with HAV and HBV, a combined vaccine would be useful in this population. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Orange, CA 92868 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Div Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Div Internal Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. RP Diamond, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, 101 City Dr S,Bldg 11,Route 81, Orange, CA 92868 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU006260] NR 54 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 30 IS 5 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1097/00007435-200305000-00009 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 681RC UT WOS:000183048300009 PM 12916134 ER PT J AU Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Berman, SM Levine, WC AF Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Berman, SM Levine, WC CA Regional Infertility Prevention Pr TI Gonorrhea prevalence and coinfection with chlamydia in women in the United States, 2000 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Background. No recent national data address the prevalence of gonorrhea. Goal: The goal was to describe gonorrhea prevalence and chlamydial coinfection among women aged 15 to 24 years. Study Design: Data were analyzed from tests for chlamydia and gonorrhea at family planning, STD, and prenatal clinics in 2000. Gonorrhea positivity, chlamydia positivity among women with gonorrhea, and the median and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were calculated. Results: The median state-specific gonorrhea positivity among women aged 15 to 24 years was 0.9% (IQR, 0.7%-1.7%) in family planning clinics, 7.0% (IQR, 4.1%-10.4%) in STD clinics, and 1.0% (IQR, 0.8%-1.6%) in prenatal clinics. Gonorrhea positivity was higher among females aged 15 to 19 years than among those aged 20 to 24 years. Median chlamydia positivity for females infected with gonorrhea was highest among those aged 15 to 19 years (46%). Conclusions: Gonorrhea positivity was consistently highest among women aged 15 to 19 years; almost half of women aged 15 to 19 years with gonorrhea also had chlamydia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv, Natl HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mosure, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv, Natl HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 30 IS 5 BP 472 EP 476 DI 10.1097/00007435-200305000-00016 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 681RC UT WOS:000183048300016 PM 12916141 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Madans, JH Gillum, RF AF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH Gillum, RF TI Bone mineral density and stroke SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE bone density; cohort studies; stroke ID ELDERLY WOMEN; RADIOGRAPHIC ABSORPTIOMETRY; MORTALITY; FRACTURES AB Background and Purpose-We sought to assess the long-term predictive usefulness of bone mineral density (BMD) for stroke incidence and stroke mortality. Methods-The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized civilians. A cohort of 3402 white and black subjects 45 through 74 years of age at baseline (1971 to 1975) was observed through 1992. Hospital records and death certificates were used to identify a total of 416 new stroke cases. Results-Results were evaluated to determine the relative risk (RR) for stroke per 1-SD decrease in BMD, after controlling for age at baseline, smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of diabetes, history of heart disease, education, body mass index, recreational physical activity, and blood pressure medication. In Cox proportional-hazards analyses, incidence of stroke was not associated with a decrease in BMD in any of the 3 race-sex groups: white men (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.19; P=0.88), white women (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.38; P=0.21), or blacks (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.21; P=0.60). No association between BMD and stroke mortality was found (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.23; P=0.77). Conclusions-In a large national study, no significant associations of BMD and stroke incidence or mortality were found for whites or blacks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 6208, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD MAY PY 2003 VL 34 IS 5 BP E20 EP E22 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000065826.23815.A5 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 673NB UT WOS:000182586100057 PM 12663880 ER PT J AU Jones, CP AF Jones, CP TI Lessons learned from discount usability engineering for the US Federal Government SO TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB Presents a case history of implementing discount usability engineering in a U.S. federal government agency. Discusses the case history's implications for technical communicators who must implement Web communications in a restricted environment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Injury Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Injury Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 NORTH STUART ST, STE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0049-3155 J9 TECH COMMUN JI Tech. Commun. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 232 EP 246 PG 15 WC Communication SC Communication GA 679ZH UT WOS:000182951500013 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Buist, AS Petty, TL Enright, PL Redd, SC AF Mannino, DM Buist, AS Petty, TL Enright, PL Redd, SC TI Lung function and mortality in the United States: data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey follow up study SO THORAX LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; GENERAL-POPULATION; DEATH CERTIFICATE; BUSSELTON HEALTH; ADULTS; MEN; SPIROMETRY; IMPAIRMENT; PROGNOSIS AB Background: A study was undertaken to define the risk of death among a national cohort of US adults both with and without lung disease. Methods: Participants in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES I) followed for up to 22 years were studied. Subjects were classified using a modification of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) into the following mutually exclusive categories using the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, and the presence of respiratory symptoms: severe COPD, moderate COPD, mild COPD, respiratory symptoms only, restrictive lung disease, and no lung disease. Proportional hazard models were developed that controlled for age, race, sex, education, smoking status, pack years of smoking, years since quitting smoking, and body mass index. Results: A total of 1301 deaths occurred in the 5542 adults in the cohort. In the adjusted proportional hazards model the presence of severe or moderate COPD was associated with a higher risk of death ( hazard ratios (HR) 2.7 and 1.6, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.1 to 3.5 and 1.4 to 2.0), as was restrictive lung disease ( HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.0). Conclusions: The presence of both obstructive and restrictive lung disease is a significant predictor of earlier death in long term follow up. C1 CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Hlth One, Denver, CO USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 36 TC 292 Z9 298 U1 0 U2 9 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0040-6376 J9 THORAX JI Thorax PD MAY PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 388 EP 393 DI 10.1136/thorax.58.5.388 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 673KJ UT WOS:000182579900006 PM 12728157 ER PT J AU Eheman, CR Garbe, P Tuttle, RM AF Eheman, CR Garbe, P Tuttle, RM TI Autoimmune thyroid disease associated with environmental thyroidal irradiation SO THYROID LA English DT Review ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; MICROSOMAL ANTIBODIES; MARSHALL ISLANDS; CANCER INCIDENCE; POST-CHERNOBYL; RADIATION; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; CHILDHOOD AB Reports of increased rates of thyroid disease in populations exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident have increased awareness and concern about the risk of autoimmune-related thyroid disease possibly associated with environmental radiation exposure. While the association between thyroidal irradiation and an increased risk of thyroid neoplasia is well established, much less attention has been devoted to the potential effects of environmental irradiation on the function of the thyroid. However, since the Chernobyl accident new studies have been published that appear to link radiation exposure to an increased risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. In order to assess the plausibility of this association, we reviewed published studies that evaluate the possible association between environmental thyroidal radiation and the presence of antithyroid antibodies as well as autoimmune thyroid disease (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism). These data have not been summarized elsewhere. Although some epidemiologic evidence of an association exists, long-term, well-designed studies are needed to accurately evaluate the complex association between low-dose environmental radiation exposure and clinically significant non-neoplastic thyroid disease. The results of these studies will be important in determining the appropriate clinical follow-up of persons exposed to environmental thyroidal irradiation. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Endocrinol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tuttle, RM (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Endocrinol, 1275 York Ave,Schwartz Bldg 713, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 51 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD MAY PY 2003 VL 13 IS 5 BP 453 EP 464 DI 10.1089/105072503322021115 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 693KX UT WOS:000183717700006 PM 12855012 ER PT J AU Saxena, RK Saxena, QB Weissman, DN Simpson, JP Bledsoe, TA Lewis, DM AF Saxena, RK Saxena, QB Weissman, DN Simpson, JP Bledsoe, TA Lewis, DM TI Effect of diesel exhaust particulate on bacillus Calmette-Guerin lung infection in mice and attendant changes in lung interstitial lymphoid subpopulations and IFN gamma response SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust; BCG; interferon; T cells; NK cells; macrophages; nitric oxide; lung; infection ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MURINE MODEL; PARTICLES; BCG; HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; RESISTANCE; PROTECTION; EXPOSURE AB The effect of exposure to diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) on bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) lung infection in mice was studied. C57Bl/6J female mice were infected with BCG (2.5 x 10(4) bacteria/mouse) by intrapulmonary instillation, with or without coadministration of DEP (100 mug/mouse). Five weeks later, mice exposed to DEP + BCG had about a four-fold higher BCG load in the lungs than mice exposed only to BCG (p < 0.05). DEP treatment alone had no effect on the total number of lung lymphocytes or numbers of T, B, or NK cells recovered from lungs. In contrast, BCG infection significantly increased (p< 0.05) recovery levels of all types of lymphocytes from lungs. Coexposure to DEP + BCG further increased the recovery of lymphocytes from lungs of BCG-infected mice. The pulmonary lymphocyte subpopulation expressing the greatest levels of mRNA for IFNgamma after BCG infection was CD4+ T cells. Expression levels were similar in mice exposed to BCG or BCG + DEP and were elevated as compared to noninfected mice and mice treated with DEP alone. Recovery of IFNgamma-secreting lymphocytes and IFNgamma-secreting T cells was significantly higher (p < 0.05) from lungs of BCG-infected mice as compared to control or DEP-exposed mice. BCG and BCG + DEP groups of mice did not differ significantly in the numbers of IFNgamma-secreting lymphocytes in lungs. Taken together, these results indicated that coexposure to DEP + BCG did not significantly affect the level of IFNgamma response of mice to BCG infection. However, DEP treatment was found to inhibit IFNgamma-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by mouse alveolar macrophages in vitro. Our results indicate that DEP exposure did not alter the IFNgamma response to BCG infection, but reduced responsiveness of alveolar macrophages to IFNgamma. Reduced sensitivity of DEP-exposed alveolar macrophages to IFNgamma may contribute to a greater load of BCG in the lungs of BCG-infected mice given DEP. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Analyt Serv Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India. RP Lewis, DM (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Analyt Serv Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 73 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg048 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 674FL UT WOS:000182626700010 PM 12700415 ER PT J AU Hill, VR Sobsey, MD AF Hill, VR Sobsey, MD TI Performance of swine waste lagoons for removing Salmonella and enteric microbial indicators SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE lagoons; pathogens; Salmonella; swine manure; temperature; treatment ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; DRINKING-WATER; ENUMERATION; COLIPHAGES; VIRUSES; SYSTEMS AB Swine lagoon liquid may contain numerous pathogens at concentrations that are a risk to human health through on-farm contact or through off-farm exposure, such as may occur if the pathogens are transported to ground or surface water resources through seepage or spray irrigation. In this study, liquid samples were collected year-round from lagoons on four swine farms and analyzed for Salmonella and six microbial indicators of fecal contamination (fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens spores, somatic coliphages, and F-specific coliphages). Salmonella were measured at mean concentrations of 3.1 to 4.0 log(10) MPN/100 mL in untreated flushed swine waste, 2.2 to 2.4 log(10) MPN/100 mL in single-stage primary lagoon liquid, and 0.4 to 0.7 log(10) MPN/100 mL in the secondary lagoons of two-stage lagoon systems. Salmonella, fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, somatic coliphages, and F-specific coliphages were reduced by 1 to 2 log(10) in single-stage lagoon systems, and by 2 to 3 log(10) in two-stage lagoon systems. C. perfringens spore reductions were significantly lower than for the other microbes analyzed in primary treatment lagoons (mean reductions = 0.6 to 0.8 log(10)), suggesting that effective removal of environmentally persistent pathogens such as helminths and protozoan parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium parvum) may necessitate the use of two-stage lagoon systems, or alternative waste management techniques. Temperature was significantly associated with treatment efficacy for reductions of fecal coliforms and coliphages in at least one of the primary lagoons studied. In secondary lagoons, temperature was significantly associated with reductions of all the study microbes. Linear regression analysis of Salmonella reductions versus temperature in the secondary lagoons yielded an r(2) = 0.66. Based on statistical analysis of the magnitudes and correlations of their reductions, fecal coliforms and E. coli were determined to be the best microbial indicators of the reduction of Salmonella in swine waste lagoon systems. The results of this study indicate that single-stage, primary lagoons can substantially reduce concentrations of Salmonella, fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, and coliphages in flushed swine waste, but were not effective for reducing concentrations of C. perfringens spores. Salmonella and other microbes can be further reduced in two-stage lagoon systems, yielding overall enteric microbe reductions that are more protective of public health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Hill, VR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Biol & Diagnost Branch, MS-F-36,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 3 BP 781 EP 788 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 705CY UT WOS:000184379500020 ER PT J AU Cui, LW Escalante, AA Imwong, M Snounou, G AF Cui, LW Escalante, AA Imwong, M Snounou, G TI The genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax populations SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE-PROTEIN; ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; MSP-1 GENE; MALARIA; POLYMORPHISM; FALCIPARUM; RESISTANCE; PARASITES AB Little is known of the genetic, diversity and population structure of Plasmodium vivax, a debilitating and highly prevalent malaria parasite of humans. This article reviews the known polymorphic genetic markers, summarizes current data on the population structure of this parasite and discusses future prospects for using knowledge of the genetic diversity to improve control measures. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Inst Pasteur, Unite Parasitol Biomed, F-75724 Paris, France. RP Cui, LW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, 501 ASI, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Snounou, Georges/F-3352-2011 OI Snounou, Georges/0000-0002-6133-6398 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM080586] NR 65 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S1471-4922(03)00085-0 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 689AG UT WOS:000183469000009 PM 12763428 ER PT J AU Cox, NJ Tamblyn, SE Tam, T AF Cox, NJ Tamblyn, SE Tam, T TI Influenza pandemic planning SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th World Health Assembly Meeting CY MAY 19-28, 2003 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND DE pandemic planning; influenza pandemics; influenza surveillance ID HONG-KONG; VIRUSES; CHINA AB Periodically, novel influenza viruses emerge and spread rapidly through susceptible populations, resulting in worldwide epidemics or pandemics. Three pandemics occurred in the 20th century. The first and most devastating of these, the "Spanish Flu" (A/H1N1) pandemic of 1918-1919, is estimated to have resulted in 20-50 million or more deaths worldwide, with unusually high mortality among young adults [C.W. Potter, Chronicle of influenza pandemics, in: K.G. Nicholson, R.G. Webster, A.J. Hay (Eds.), Textbook of Influenza, Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1998, p. 3]. Mortality associated with the 1957 "Asian Flu" (A/H2N2) and the 1968 "Hong Kong Flu" (A/H3N2) pandemics was less severe, with the highest excess mortality in the elderly and persons with chronic diseases [J. Infect. Dis. 178 (1998) 53]. However, considerable morbidity, social disruption and economic loss occurred during both of these pandemics [J. Infect. Dis. 176 (Suppl. 1) (1997) S4]. It is reasonable to assume that future influenza pandemics will occur, given historical evidence and current understanding of the biology, ecology, and epidemiology of influenza. Influenza viruses are impossible to eradicate, as there is a large reservoir of all subtypes of influenza A viruses in wild aquatic birds. In agricultural-based communities with high human population density such as are found in China, conditions exist for the emergence and spread of pandemic viruses. It is also impossible to predict when the next pandemic will occur. Moreover, the severity of illness is also unpredictable, so contingency plans must be put in place now during the inter-pandemic period. These plans must be flexible enough to respond to different levels of disease. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Div Immunizat & Resp Dis, Perth Dist Hlth Unit, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Hlth Canada, Stratford, ON, Canada. RP Cox, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 16 BP 1801 EP 1803 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00076-8 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 673HW UT WOS:000182575500013 PM 12686098 ER PT J AU Atherly, A Williams, SG Redd, SC AF Atherly, A Williams, SG Redd, SC TI Use of long-term asthma controller medications before and after a hospitalization or emergency department visit SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 367 EP 367 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)64267-2 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 688DX UT WOS:000183419000469 ER PT J AU Nurmagambetov, T Atherly, A Williams, SG Redd, SC AF Nurmagambetov, T Atherly, A Williams, SG Redd, SC TI Asthma health care expenditure: The role of capitation and managed care SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 372 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)64279-9 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 688DX UT WOS:000183419000481 ER PT J AU Bastien, N Normand, S Taylor, T Ward, D Peret, TCT Boivin, G Anderson, LJ Li, Y AF Bastien, N Normand, S Taylor, T Ward, D Peret, TCT Boivin, G Anderson, LJ Li, Y TI Sequence analysis of the N, P, M and F genes of Canadian human metapneumovirus strains SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Congress of Virology CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE DE pneumoviruses; hMPV; sequence analysis; phylogenetic relationship ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN GENE; AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUS ISOLATE; PNEUMONIA VIRUS; SUBGROUP-A; PARAMYXOVIRUS FUSION; PHOSPHOPROTEIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EVOLUTIONARY PATTERN AB The complete nucleotide sequences of the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), and fusion protein (F) genes of 15 Canadian human metapneumovirus (hMPV) isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct genetic clusters, or groups for each gene with additional sequence variability within the individual groups. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences for the N, M and F genes of the different isolates revealed that all three genes were well conserved with 94.1-97.6% identity between the two distinct clusters The P gene showed more diversity with 81.6-85.7% amino acid identity for isolates between the two clusters, and 94.6-100% for isolates within the same cluster. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, St Foy, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada. Univ Laval, St Foy, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Natl Microbiol Lab, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. NR 42 TC 88 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00065-0 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 678LH UT WOS:000182868300006 PM 12727342 ER PT J AU Seshadri, R Paulsen, IT Eisen, JA Read, TD Nelson, KE Nelson, WC Ward, NL Tettelin, H Davidsen, TM Beanan, MJ Deboy, RT Daugherty, SC Brinkac, LM Madupu, R Dodson, RJ Khouri, HM Lee, KH Carty, HA Scanlan, D Heinzen, RA Thompson, HA Samuel, JE Fraser, CM Heidelberg, JF AF Seshadri, R Paulsen, IT Eisen, JA Read, TD Nelson, KE Nelson, WC Ward, NL Tettelin, H Davidsen, TM Beanan, MJ Deboy, RT Daugherty, SC Brinkac, LM Madupu, R Dodson, RJ Khouri, HM Lee, KH Carty, HA Scanlan, D Heinzen, RA Thompson, HA Samuel, JE Fraser, CM Heidelberg, JF TI Complete genome sequence of the Q-fever pathogen Coxiella burnetii SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; FOLLOW-UP; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; BACTERIA; INFECTION; PROWAZEKII; ANKYRIN AB The 1,995,275-bp genome of Coxiella burnetii, Nine Mile phase I RSA493, a highly virulent zoonotic pathogen and category B bioterrorism agent, was sequenced by the random shotgun method. This bacterium is an obligate intracellular acidophile that is highly adapted for life within the eukaryotic phagolysosome. Genome analysis revealed many genes with potential roles in adhesion, invasion, intracellular trafficking, host-cell modulation, and detoxification. A previously uncharacterized 13-member family of ankyrin repeat-containing proteins is implicated in the pathogenesis of this organism. Although the lifestyle and parasitic strategies of C burnetii resemble that of Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae, their genome architectures differ considerably in terms of presence of mobile elements, extent of genome reduction, metabolic capabilities, and transporter profiles. The presence of 83 pseudogenes displays an ongoing process of gene degradation. Unlike other obligate intracellular bacteria, 32 insertion sequences are found dispersed in the chromosome, indicating some plasticity in the C burnetti genome. These analyses suggest that the obligate intracellular lifestyle of C burnetii may be a relatively recent innovation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inst Genomic Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Microbiol, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Trop Med, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Samuel, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Nelson, William/E-9263-2016; OI Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Nelson, William/0000-0002-1873-3929; Heidelberg, John/0000-0003-0673-3224; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; Eisen, Jonathan A./0000-0002-0159-2197 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1U01AI49034-01] NR 56 TC 303 Z9 717 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 9 BP 5455 EP 5460 DI 10.1073/pnas.0931379100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673ZY UT WOS:000182612600088 PM 12704232 ER PT J AU Fox, LM AF Fox, LM TI Update: Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome - Worldwide, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 269-272, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fox, LM (reprint author), CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 23 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 16 BP 2059 EP 2060 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 669WW UT WOS:000182374300006 ER PT J CA Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Co US Dept Def Natl Ctr Infect Dis Natl Immunization Program TI Update: Adverse events following smallpox vaccination - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 278-282, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US Dept Def, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Army Med Command, Washington, DC 20305 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP US Dept Def, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Army Med Command, Washington, DC 20305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 23 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 16 BP 2060 EP 2063 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 669WW UT WOS:000182374300007 ER PT J AU Izurieta, H Dietz, V Carrasco, P Landaverde, M Castillo, C Brana, M Tambini, G Bellini, W Rota, J Rota, P Lievano, F Strebel, P AF Izurieta, H Dietz, V Carrasco, P Landaverde, M Castillo, C Brana, M Tambini, G Bellini, W Rota, J Rota, P Lievano, F Strebel, P TI Public Health dispatch: Absence of transmission of the d9 measles virus - Region of the Americas, November 2002-March 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 228-229, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Immunizat Unit, Washington, DC USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Family & Community Hlth Area, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Izurieta, H (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, Immunizat Unit, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 23 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 16 BP 2063 EP 2063 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 669WW UT WOS:000182374300008 ER PT J AU Spiegel, P Sheik, M Salama, P AF Spiegel, P Sheik, M Salama, P TI Food-coping in postemergency-phase camps - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UN High Commissioner Refugees, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Ctr Refugee & Disaster Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Spiegel, P (reprint author), UN High Commissioner Refugees, Case Postale 2500, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 19 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 9366 BP 1393 EP 1393 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13067-X PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 669HP UT WOS:000182346100044 ER PT J AU Martin, GS Mannino, DM Eaton, S Moss, M AF Martin, GS Mannino, DM Eaton, S Moss, M TI The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; GRAM-NEGATIVE SEPSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEPTIC SHOCK; ICU PATIENTS; NATURAL-HISTORY; SYNDROME ARDS; MORTALITY; SIRS AB BACKGROUND: Sepsis represents a substantial health care burden, and there is limited epidemiologic information about the demography of sepsis or about the temporal changes in its incidence and outcome. We investigated the epidemiology of sepsis in the United States, with specific examination of race and sex, causative organisms, the disposition of patients, and the incidence and outcome. METHODS: We analyzed the occurrence of sepsis from 1979 through 2000 using a nationally representative sample of all nonfederal acute care hospitals in the United States. Data on new cases were obtained from hospital discharge records coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. RESULTS: Review of discharge data on approximately 750 million hospitalizations in the United States over the 22-year period identified 10,319,418 cases of sepsis. Sepsis was more common among men than among women (mean annual relative risk, 1.28 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.24 to 1.32]) and among nonwhite persons than among white persons (mean annual relative risk, 1.90 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.81 to 2.00]). Between 1979 and 2000, there was an annualized increase in the incidence of sepsis of 8.7 percent, from about 164,000 cases (82.7 per 100,000 population) to nearly 660,000 cases (240.4 per 100,000 population). The rate of sepsis due to fungal organisms increased by 207 percent, with gram-positive bacteria becoming the predominant pathogens after 1987. The total in-hospital mortality rate fell from 27.8 percent during the period from 1979 through 1984 to 17.9 percent during the period from 1995 through 2000, yet the total number of deaths continued to increase. Mortality was highest among black men. Organ failure contributed cumulatively to mortality, with temporal improvements in survival among patients with fewer than three failing organs. The average length of the hospital stay decreased, and the rate of discharge to nonacute care medical facilities increased. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of sepsis and the number of sepsis-related deaths are increasing, although the overall mortality rate among patients with sepsis is declining. There are also disparities among races and between men and women in the incidence of sepsis. Gram-positive bacteria and fungal organisms are increasingly common causes of sepsis. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Martin, GS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Grady Mem Hosp, Dept Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE,Rm 2D-004, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Martin, Greg/B-4085-2009; OI Martin, Greg/0000-0002-9684-7593; Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 FU NCRR NIH HHS [L30 RR020488, L30 RR020488-02]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL K23-67739, K23 HL067739, K23 HL067739-05]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA R01-11660] NR 49 TC 2996 Z9 3323 U1 14 U2 139 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 16 BP 1546 EP 1554 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa022139 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 667TT UT WOS:000182248900005 PM 12700374 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ McCabe, LL McCabe, ERB AF Khoury, MJ McCabe, LL McCabe, ERB TI Population screening - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 16 BP 1605 EP 1605 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 667TT UT WOS:000182248900028 ER PT J AU Tsang, T Lai-Yin, T Pak-Yin, L Lee, M Wu, JS Wu, YC Chiang, IH Chen, KT Hsu, KH Chen, TJ Lee, LT Twu, SJ Chunsuttiwat, S Sawanpanyalert, P Ungchusak, K Chaovavanich, A AF Tsang, T Lai-Yin, T Pak-Yin, L Lee, M Wu, JS Wu, YC Chiang, IH Chen, KT Hsu, KH Chen, TJ Lee, LT Twu, SJ Chunsuttiwat, S Sawanpanyalert, P Ungchusak, K Chaovavanich, A CA WHO SARS Investigative Team TI Update: Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome - Worldwide, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 241-248, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Taiwan Ctr Dis Control, Taipei, Taiwan. Taiwan Dept Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Hlth Vietnam, WHO SARS Invest Team, Hanoi, Vietnam. CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tsang, T (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 16 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 15 BP 1918 EP 1920 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 667VC UT WOS:000182253900010 ER PT J AU Clark, TA Park, B AF Clark, TA Park, B CA WHO Hlth Canada CDC SARS Investigation Team TI Preliminary clinical description of severe acute respiratory syndrome (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 255-256, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Hlth Canada, Immunizat & Resp Infect Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Clark, TA (reprint author), WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 16 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 15 BP 1920 EP 1921 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 667VC UT WOS:000182253900011 ER PT J AU Little, J Khoury, MJ Bradley, L Clyne, M Gwinn, M Lin, B Lindegren, ML Yoon, P AF Little, J Khoury, MJ Bradley, L Clyne, M Gwinn, M Lin, B Lindegren, ML Yoon, P TI The Human Genome Project is complete. How do we develop a handle for the pump? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE association; epidemiology; gene frequency; genetics; genomics; meta-analysis; review literature ID S-TRANSFERASE POLYMORPHISMS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS; POOLED ANALYSIS; OVARIAN-CANCER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Dept Med & Therapeut, Epidemiol Grp, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM muk1@cdc.gov NR 89 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 8 BP 667 EP 673 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg048 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 667XU UT WOS:000182260800001 PM 12697570 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Loomis, D Shy, CM Newman, B Millikan, R Nylander-French, LA Couper, D AF Charles, LE Loomis, D Shy, CM Newman, B Millikan, R Nylander-French, LA Couper, D TI Electromagnetic fields, polychlorinated biphenyls, and prostate cancer mortality in electric utility workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic fields; occupational exposure; polychlorinated biphenyls; prostatic neoplasms ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BREAST-CANCER; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; POWER INDUSTRY; RISK; MELATONIN; EXPOSURE; STATISTICS; SMOKING; COHORT AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an association between occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mortality from prostate cancer among US electric utility workers. Data on participants, who were current and former employees of five large US electric utility companies, had been collected during 1987-1994, and the mortality of the cohort was followed through 1988. This nested case-control study contained 387 cases, men whose underlying cause of death was prostate cancer, and five controls for each case. Workers categorized in the highest 10 percent of EMF exposure were twice as likely to die from prostate cancer as those exposed to EMFs at lower levels, after adjustment for PCB exposure, race, and active work status within the past 2 years (odds ratio = 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34, 3.04). The odds ratio for PCB exposure and prostate cancer mortality was 1.47 (95% CI: 0.97, 2.24) after adjustment for suspected confounding factors. Exposure to high levels of both EMFs and PCBs showed no association with prostate cancer mortality. Non-White race was strongly associated with risk of prostate cancer mortality (odds ratio = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.66, 5.06). The association between EMF exposure and prostate cancer mortality warrants further investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Charles, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop D-63,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 NR 43 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 8 BP 683 EP 691 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg044 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 667XU UT WOS:000182260800003 PM 12697572 ER PT J AU Euler, GL Copeland, J Williams, WW AF Euler, GL Copeland, J Williams, WW TI Impact of four urban perinatal hepatitis B prevention programs on screening and vaccination of infants and household members SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; hepatitis B surface antigens; patient compliance; perinatal care; prenatal care; serologic tests; vaccination AB During 1992-2000, the authors studied compliance with perinatal hepatitis B prevention recommendations including vaccination of household contacts, at four metropolitan sites in Connecticut, Georgia, Texas, and Michigan. Demographic and hepatitis B-related knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barrier data were collected on pregnant women testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and on their infants, children, and household and sexual contacts. Generalized estimating equations with repeated measures in a multivariable model were used to obtain adjusted relative risks of household noncompliance, In 1,458 households studied, 1,490 infants, and 3,502 other contacts were identified. Among infants, vaccination start/finish rates were 92%/72%, and 73% were serotested postvaccination. Prevaccination serotesting rates among contacts were 22% preenrollment and 47% postenrollment, Among 2,519 contacts whose immunity status was susceptible or unknown, the vaccination start/finish rate was 45%/41%. Site-specific adjusted relative risks of household noncompliance compared with Texas were 2.14 (Michigan), 1.96 (Georgia), and 1.30 (Connecticut). Mother's birth in the United States increased the relative risk of household noncompliance (1.32). Home visits, implemented only in Texas, most likely account for higher compliance rates in that state. Findings may indicate that many perinatal programs could achieve higher overall rates of infant and contact identification; pre- and postvaccination serologic testing in contacts and infants, respectively; and contact hepatitis B vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Euler, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 8 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg034 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 667XU UT WOS:000182260800010 PM 12697579 ER PT J AU Palella, FJ Deloria-Knoll, M Chmiel, JS Moorman, AC Wood, KC Greenberg, AE Holmberg, SD AF Palella, FJ Deloria-Knoll, M Chmiel, JS Moorman, AC Wood, KC Greenberg, AE Holmberg, SD CA HOPS TI Survival benefit of initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected persons in different CD4(+) cell strata SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; VIRAL LOAD; DISEASE; COUNT; MORTALITY; PANEL AB Background: Optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for HIV-infected persons remains unclear. Objective: To assess survival benefit of initiating ART at different CD4(+) cell counts. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: U.S. clinics in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS). Patients: HIV-infected patients with CD4(+) cell counts, plasma HIV RNA viral load, and ART use recorded from January 1994 through March 2002. Measurements: Before initiation of ART, patients were grouped by their CD4(+) cell counts into three subgroups: 0.201 to 0.350 x 10(9) cells/L (n = 399), 0.351 to 0.500 x 10(9) cells/L (n = 327), and 0.501 to 0.750 x 10(9) cells/L (n = 122). We compared mortality rates for each CD4(+) subgroup among patients who initiated ART and patients who delayed ART until reaching a lower CD4(+) subgroup. Results: Mortality rates for 340 patients who initiated ART and 59 who delayed ART in the CD4(+) subgroup of 0.201 to 0.350 x 10(9) cells/L were 15.4 and 56.4 deaths per 1000 person-years, respectively (rate ratio, 0.27 [95% Cl, 0.14 to 0.55]; P < 0.001). For the CD4(+) subgroup of 0.351 to 0.500 x 10(9) cells/L, mortality rates for 240 patients who initiated ART and 887 who delayed ART were 10.0 and 16.6 deaths per 1000 person-years, respectively (rate ratio, 0.61 [Cl, 0.22 to 1.67]; P = 0.17). For the CD4(+) subgroup of 0.501 to 0.750 x 109 cells/L, mortality rates in 55 patients who initiated ART and 67 who delayed ART were 7.5 and 3.1 deaths per 1000 person-years, respectively (rate ratio, 1.20 [Cl, 0.17 to 8.53]; P > 0.2). Patients in the 0.201 to 0.350 x 10(9) cells/L and 0.351 to 0.500 X 10(9) cells/L CD4(+) subgroups who initiated ART were more likely than those who delayed ART to achieve an undetectable HIV viral load (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Among HIV-infected persons with CD4(+) cell counts of 0.201 to 0.350 x 10(9) cells/L, initiating ART is associated with reduced mortality compared with delaying such therapy. Survival benefits of earlier ART initiation (at CD4(+) cell counts of 0.351 to 0.500 x 10(9) cells/L) are possible. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Cerner Corp, APACHE Med Syst, Vienna, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Palella, FJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, 676 N St Clair,Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-2001-00133] NR 20 TC 282 Z9 291 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 8 BP 620 EP 626 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 666JH UT WOS:000182173800002 PM 12693883 ER PT J AU Tiwari, TSP Ray, B Jost, KC Rathod, MK Zhang, YS Brown-Elliott, BA Hendricks, K Wallace, RJ AF Tiwari, TSP Ray, B Jost, KC Rathod, MK Zhang, YS Brown-Elliott, BA Hendricks, K Wallace, RJ TI Forty years of disinfectant failure: Outbreak of postinjection Mycobacterium abscessus infection caused by contamination of benzalkonium chloride SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS; CHELONAE; INJECTION; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; TUBERCULOSIS; ANTISEPTICS; CULTURES AB Benzalkonium chloride (BC) continues to be used as an antiseptic and contributes to serious outbreaks of disease. In July 1999, 6 postinjection joint infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus were reported to the Texas Department of Health (Austin). We investigated this outbreak and identified 12 case patients who had been seen by the same physician and who had received an intra-articular or periarticular steroid injection during the period of 1 April through 31 July 1999. M. abscessus was cultured from either joint fluid or periarticular soft-tissue specimens obtained from 10 patients. We cultured environmental samples, and we compared isolates recovered from case patients with environmental isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Four environmental samples containing diluted BC yielded M. abscessus. Clinical and environmental strains of M. abscessus were indistinguishable by RAPD-PCR. The case patients' strain was resistant to BC. The use of BC as an antiseptic should be discontinued. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Bur Communicable Dis, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Tyler, TX USA. RP Tiwari, TSP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, MS E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 8 BP 954 EP 962 DI 10.1086/368192 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 665MK UT WOS:000182124700004 PM 12684906 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Hanson, DL Dworkin, MS Jones, JL AF McNaghten, AD Hanson, DL Dworkin, MS Jones, JL CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Differences in prescription of antiretroviral therapy in a large cohort of HIV-Infected patients SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); antiretroviral therapy; HAART prescription ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; SOCIETY-USA PANEL; CD4 CELL COUNTS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS; UNITED-STATES; IMPROVED SURVIVAL; CUBIC MILLIMETER; AIDS; RESISTANCE AB The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with prescription of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The authors observed 9530 patients eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in more than 100 hospitals and clinics in 10 US cities. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with HAART prescription, stratifying patients by no history versus history of ART to assess the association between prescription and CD4, viral load, and outpatient visits. Overall, female gender (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-0.76) and alcoholism (OR, 0.85; 95% Cl, 0.74-0.99) were associated with decreased likelihood of HAART prescription. Enrollment at a private facility (OR, 1.33; 95% Cl, 1.14-1.56), heterosexual exposure (OR, 1.34; 95% Cl, 1.13-1.58), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.19; 95% Cl, 1.04-1.37) were associated with prescription. For patients with no history of prescribed ART, CD4 <500 cells/muL (OR, 3.94; 95% CI, 2.02-7.66), and high viral load were associated with increased likelihood of prescription; for patients with history of ART prescription, those whose outpatient visits averaged greater than or equal to2 per 6-month interval (OR, 1.30; 95% Cl, 1.10-1.54) were more likely and those with high viral load were less likely to be prescribed HAART (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.44-0.56). The authors found differences in HAART prescription by gender, race, exposure mode, alcoholism, and provider type for all patients, by CD4 and viral load for patients with no history of ART prescription, and by average number of outpatient visits and viral load for patients with history of ART prescription. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1097/00126334-200304150-00006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 667CH UT WOS:000182212900006 PM 12679701 ER PT J AU Bacon, RM Biggerstaff, BJ Schriefer, ME Gilmore, RD Philipp, MT Steere, AC Wormser, GP Marques, AR Johnson, BJB AF Bacon, RM Biggerstaff, BJ Schriefer, ME Gilmore, RD Philipp, MT Steere, AC Wormser, GP Marques, AR Johnson, BJB TI Serodiagnosis of Lyme disease by kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant VlsE1 or peptide antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi compared with 2-tiered testing using whole-cell lysates SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID IMMUNODOMINANT CONSERVED REGION; SURFACE PROTEIN-C; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IMMUNOBLOT; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; NEUROBORRELIOSIS; PROPORTIONS; LIPOPROTEIN AB In a study of US patients with Lyme disease, immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibody responses to recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi antigen VlsE1 (rVlsE1), IgG responses to a synthetic peptide homologous to a conserved internal sequence of VlsE (C6), and IgM responses to a synthetic peptide comprising the C-terminal 10 amino acid residues of a B. burgdorferi outer-surface protein C (pepC10) were evaluated by kinetic enzyme-linked immunoassay. At 99% specificity, the overall sensitivities for detecting IgG antibody to rVlsE1 or C6 in samples from patients with diverse manifestations of Lyme disease were equivalent to that of 2-tiered testing. When data were considered in parallel, 2 combinations (IgG responses to either rVlsE1 or C6 in parallel with IgM responses to pepC10) maintained high specificity (98%) and were significantly more sensitive than 2-tiered analysis in detecting antibodies to B. burgdorferi in patients with acute erythema migrans. In later stages of Lyme disease, the sensitivities of the in parallel tests and 2-tiered testing were high and statistically equivalent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Covington, LA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New York Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. NIAID, Clin Invest Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Johnson, BJB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 50 TC 153 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 8 BP 1187 EP 1199 DI 10.1086/374395 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 662WL UT WOS:000181972000003 PM 12695997 ER PT J AU Cotter, SM Sansom, S Long, T Koch, E Kellerman, S Smith, F Averhoff, F Bell, BP AF Cotter, SM Sansom, S Long, T Koch, E Kellerman, S Smith, F Averhoff, F Bell, BP TI Outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men: Implications for hepatitis A vaccination strategies SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY APR 09-13, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; B VACCINATION; INCREASED RISK; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; A INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; SALIVA; USERS AB Between November 1998 and May 1999, 136 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Columbus, Ohio. Eighty-nine (65%) case patients were reinterviewed. Of 74 male case patients, 47 (66%) were men who have sex with men (MSM). These 47 MSM were compared with 88 MSM control subjects, to identify risk factors for infection and potential opportunities for vaccination. During the exposure period, 6 (13%) case patients reported contact with a person who had hepatitis A, compared with 2 (2%) control subjects (odds ratio, 6.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-48.02); neither number of sex partners nor any sex practice was associated with illness. Most case patients and control subjects (68% and 77%, respectively) saw a health care provider at least annually, and 93% of control subjects reported a willingness to receive hepatitis A vaccine. MSM are accessible and amenable to vaccination; increased efforts are needed to provide vaccination, regardless of reported sex practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbus Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH USA. Ohio State Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 8 BP 1235 EP 1240 DI 10.1086/374057 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 662WL UT WOS:000181972000008 PM 12696002 ER PT J AU Murphy, TV Smith, PJ Gargiullo, PM Schwartz, B AF Murphy, TV Smith, PJ Gargiullo, PM Schwartz, B TI The first rotavirus vaccine and intussusception: Epidemiological studies and policy decisions SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFANTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murphy, TV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 8 BP 1309 EP 1313 DI 10.1086/374420 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 662WL UT WOS:000181972000017 PM 12696011 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gavidia, C Falcon, N Bernal, T Verastegui, M Rodriguez, S Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH AF Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gavidia, C Falcon, N Bernal, T Verastegui, M Rodriguez, S Tsang, VCW Gilman, RH CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Seroincidence of porcine T-solium infection in the Peruvian highlands SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cysticercosis; Thenia solitan; EITB; epidemiology; incidence; longitudinal studies ID TAENIA-SOLIUM; HUMAN CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; ANTIGENS; MEXICO; PIGS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; DIAGNOSIS; EPILEPSY AB We performed repeated serological sampling of pigs in an endemic area of the Peruvian highlands (eight villages) to assess the feasibility of detecting incident cases of Taenia solium infection as indicators of ongoing transmission of the parasite. A total of 2245 samples corresponding to 1548 pigs were collected in three sampling rounds (n = 716, 926, and 603, respectively). Village-period specific seroprevalences of antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay varied from 39% (95% CI: 34,44) to 76% (95% CI: 72, 79). The prevalence of cysticercosis increased with the age of the pigs (similarly for both sexes). Around 40% of pigs were re-sampled at the end of each 4-month period. Crude incidence risks were 48% (57/120, 95% CI: 43-52) and 58% (111/192, 95% CI: 54-61) for each period. A proportion of seropositive animals became seronegative at the end of each period (23 and 15%). Incidence varied by the village, and the exposure period, and was higher in males than females (but did not differ by age). (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Dept Transmissible Dis, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gonzalez, AE (reprint author), Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Av Circunvalac S-N, Lima 14, Peru. OI Jimenez Chunga, Juan Atilio/0000-0002-6431-8371; Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU PHS HHS [U19 A145431] NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 57 IS 4 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(02)00234-9 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 654VG UT WOS:000181516300004 PM 12609467 ER PT J AU Panackal, AA Dahlman, A Keil, KT Peterson, CL Mascola, L Mirza, S Phelan, M Lasker, BA Brandt, ME Carpenter, J Bell, M Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA Morgan, J AF Panackal, AA Dahlman, A Keil, KT Peterson, CL Mascola, L Mirza, S Phelan, M Lasker, BA Brandt, ME Carpenter, J Bell, M Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA Morgan, J TI Outbreak of invasive aspergillosis among renal transplant recipients SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; PREVENTION AB Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is rare among renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We investigated a cluster of IA among RTRs at a California hospital from January to February 2001, when construction was ongoing. We conducted a cohort study among RTRs who were hospitalized between January 1 and February 5, 2001, to determine risk factors for IA. IA was defined using established guidelines. Four IA cases occurred among 40 RTRs hospitalized during the study period. Factors associated with an increased risk of IA included prolonged hemodialysis, lengthy corticosteroid treatment posttransplant, and use of sirolimus alone or with mycophenolate (P<0.05). After the study period, three additional RTRs developed M- two Aspergillus isolates recovered from these patients had indistinguishable profiles by DNA fingerprinting, suggesting common-source exposure. This study suggests that immunosuppressed RTRs can be at an increased risk for IA. Measures to prevent IA in these patients should be taken during hospital construction. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Assoc Profession Infect Control & Epidemiol, Washington, DC USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morgan, J (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Panackal, Anil/0000-0001-5524-668X NR 9 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1050 EP 1053 DI 10.1097/01.TP.0000055983.69730.ED PG 4 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 669EG UT WOS:000182338500026 PM 12698098 ER PT J AU Masters, EJ Olson, GS Weiner, SJ Paddock, CD AF Masters, EJ Olson, GS Weiner, SJ Paddock, CD TI Rocky mountain spotted fever - A clinician's dilemma SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS; LYME-DISEASE; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; UNITED-STATES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; PERMANENT TEETH; RISK-FACTORS; EHRLICHIOSIS; ILLNESS AB Rocky Mountain spotted fever is still the most lethal tick-vectored illness in the United States. We examine the dilemmas facing the clinician who is evaluating the patient with possible Rocky Mountain spotted fever, with particular attention. to, the following 8 pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment: (1) waiting for a petechial rash to develop before diagnosis; (2) misdiagnosing as gastroenteritis; (3) discounting a diagnosis when there is no history of a tick bite; (4) using an inappropriate geographic exclusion; (5) using an inappropriate seasonal exclusion; (6) failing to treat on clinical suspicion; (7) failing to elicit an appropriate history; and (8) failing to treat with doxycycline. Early diagnosis and proper treatment save lives. C1 St Francis Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cape Girardeau, MO USA. SE Missouri Hosp, Cape Girardeau, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettisal Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Masters, EJ (reprint author), 8 Doctors Pk, Cape Girardeau, MO 63703 USA. NR 74 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 7 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.7.769 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 669EZ UT WOS:000182340100002 PM 12695267 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Lingappa, JR Jabbar, A Agrawal, S Leppla, SH Quinn, C Pulendran, B AF Agrawal, A Lingappa, JR Jabbar, A Agrawal, S Leppla, SH Quinn, C Pulendran, B TI Anthrax toxin, lethal factor impairs dendritic cells and adaptive immunity SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Emory Univ, Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIH, NIDCR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C15 EP C16 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000074 ER PT J AU Engleman, CN Renshaw, M Rockwell, JK Gewirtz, A Katz, JM Sambhara, S AF Engleman, CN Renshaw, M Rockwell, JK Gewirtz, A Katz, JM Sambhara, S TI Expression and function of toll-like receptors with respect to aging SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C52 EP C52 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000240 ER PT J AU Flint, MS Tinkle, SS AF Flint, MS Tinkle, SS TI Beryllium-induced gene changes in a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C98 EP C98 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000454 ER PT J AU Harcourt, J Zheng, HQ Jones, L Barskey, A Sullender, W Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA AF Harcourt, J Zheng, HQ Jones, L Barskey, A Sullender, W Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA TI Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F, G and SH glycoproteins modify regulators of cell death associated with TNF alpha treatment or RSV infection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C302 EP C302 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367001411 ER PT J AU Matheson, JM Luster, MI AF Matheson, JM Luster, MI TI Development and characterization of an immune mouse model for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 NIOSH, CDC, DHHS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C249 EP C249 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367001160 ER PT J AU Palaniappan, R Briles, DE Hollingshead, SK Paton, JC Ades, EW Lillard, JW AF Palaniappan, R Briles, DE Hollingshead, SK Paton, JC Ades, EW Lillard, JW TI CCR5 and PsaA-specific correlates of clinical pneurnococcal immunity SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Paton, James/A-9920-2008; Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C117 EP C117 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000539 ER PT J AU Palaniappan, R Singh, S Singh, UP Briles, DE Hollingshead, SK Paton, JC Taub, DD Edwin, WA Lillard, JW AF Palaniappan, R Singh, S Singh, UP Briles, DE Hollingshead, SK Paton, JC Taub, DD Edwin, WA Lillard, JW TI Role of RANTES in pneumococcal immunopathogenesis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia. NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Paton, James/A-9920-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C85 EP C85 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000391 ER PT J AU Sambhara, SR Renshaw, M Engleman, C Katz, J Rockwell, J AF Sambhara, SR Renshaw, M Engleman, C Katz, J Rockwell, J TI T-cell immune dysfunction in aging: Altered APC-T cell contact kinetics and antigen presenting cell defects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Ctr Dis Control, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C244 EP C244 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367001136 ER PT J AU Summan, M Hulderman, T Matheson, JM Simeonova, PP AF Summan, M Hulderman, T Matheson, JM Simeonova, PP TI Role of macrophages in traumatic skeletal muscle injury SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 NIOSH, CDC, DHHS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C137 EP C137 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000631 ER PT J AU Szretter, KJ Renshaw, M Gangappa, S Sambhara, S Katz, JM AF Szretter, KJ Renshaw, M Gangappa, S Sambhara, S Katz, JM TI Effect of influenza virus infection on expression of Toll-like receptors on murine cell-lines SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C156 EP C156 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000722 ER PT J AU Westerman, LE Xu, J McClure, HM Jiang, BM Glass, RI AF Westerman, LE Xu, J McClure, HM Jiang, BM Glass, RI TI Rotavirus-specific antibody responses in pigtail macaques experimental infected with the simian rotavirus YK-1 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C28 EP C28 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000130 ER PT J AU Abrams, EJ Wiener, J Carter, R Kuhn, L Palumbo, P Nesheim, S Lee, F Vink, P Bulterys, M AF Abrams, EJ Wiener, J Carter, R Kuhn, L Palumbo, P Nesheim, S Lee, F Vink, P Bulterys, M CA Perinatal AIDS Collaborative TI Maternal health factors and early pediatric antiretroviral therapy influence the rate of perinatal HIV-1 disease progression in children SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE pediatric AIDS; vertical transmission; pediatric HIV disease; viral load; protease inhibitors; antiretroviral therapy ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED CHILDREN; TYPE-1 INFECTION; INFANTS; TRANSMISSION; PHENOTYPE; MOTHERS; REPLICATION; ZIDOVUDINE; MORTALITY AB Objective: To determine the relationship of maternal health factors and infant antiretroviral treatment to the risk of pediatric disease progression to AIDS or death by 24 months of age. Design: Prospective perinatal HIV-1 transmission and pediatric natural history study. Setting: Urban medical centers in four cities in the USA. Participants: A total of 2656 pregnant and postpartum HIV-infected women enrolled. in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (PACTS) and 360 children determined to be HIV-infected. Main outcome measures: Pediatric AIDS or death by 24 months of age. Results: Children born to mothers with class C disease, CD4 cell count < 200 X 10(6)/l, or HIV-1 RNA viral load > 100 000 copies/ml progressed more rapidly than children born to mothers with less advanced disease. In a multivariate analysis, there was an increased risk of progression if mothers had Class C disease [relative risk (RR), 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-2.7] or HIV-1 RNA > 100 000 copies/ml (RR, 2.4; 95% Cl, 1.2-4.6) controlling for child antiretroviral therapy and year of birth. Earlier years of birth significantly increased the likelihood of rapid progression (P = 0.01) in this multivariate model. Children who received combination antiretroviral therapies with a protease inhibitor or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor were significantly less likely to progress compared with those receiving no therapy (P = 0.03). Conclusions: HIV-1-infected infants born to women with advanced HIV-1 disease were at increased risk for rapid disease progression. More recent birth year and early treatment with potent antiretroviral therapy significantly diminished the likelihood of developing AIDS or dying during early childhood. (C) 2003 Lippincoft Williams Wilkins. C1 Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10037 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med & Hlth Res Assoc, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Abrams, EJ (reprint author), Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 506 Lenox Ave, New York, NY 10037 USA. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 867 EP 877 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000050856.71999.4a PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 676YG UT WOS:000182779700014 PM 12660534 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Marks, G Rader, M Colfax, GN Buchbinder, S AF Mansergh, G Marks, G Rader, M Colfax, GN Buchbinder, S TI Rectal use of nonoxynol-9 among men who have sex with men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE nonoxynol-9; microbicide; spermicide; HIV; sexually transmitted disease; risk reduction; prevention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; GEL AB Objectives: To assess recent rectal use of nonoxynol-9 (N-9), intent to use the product, and factors associated with N-9 use among men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: Cross-sectional survey of a diverse sample of MSM in the San Francisco Bay Area. Methods: Recruitment conducted at multiple street locations on various days/times or through referral during the Fall of 2001. Results: Sixty-one percent (349/573) had heard of N-9, of which 55% (192/349) reported hearing in the prior year that N-9 may not be protective against HIV. Of men aware of N-9, 83% (289/349) knowingly used it in their lifetime, of which 67% (193/289) used it during anal intercourse in the previous year. Forty-one percent (79/193) of those who used N-9 during anal intercourse in the past year did so without a condom because they thought it may protect against HIV. Older men were more likely than younger men to have used N-9 for protection. Men who heard that N-9 may not protect were less likely, and African-Americans (versus Caucasians) were more likely, to say they would definitely use N-9 during anal intercourse in the future. Latinos (versus Caucasians), those with unknown HIV serostatus (versus HIV-negative), and those with lower education were less likely to know about N-9 at all, and thus were at risk for unknowingly using N-9. Conclusions: Many MSM used N-9 during or following public health warnings about the product. Actions (e.g., information campaigns, warning labels specific to rectal use) should be considered by communities to reduce rectal use of N-9. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Res Branch, AIDS Off, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 905 EP 909 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000050858.71999.e7 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 676YG UT WOS:000182779700018 PM 12660538 ER PT J AU Macharia, DK Chang, LW Lule, G Owili, DM Tesfaledet, G Patel, S Silverstein, DM Ng'ang'a, L Bush, T De Cock, KM Weidle, PJ AF Macharia, DK Chang, LW Lule, G Owili, DM Tesfaledet, G Patel, S Silverstein, DM Ng'ang'a, L Bush, T De Cock, KM Weidle, PJ TI Antiretroviral therapy in the private sector of Nairobi, Kenya: a review of the experience of five physicians SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. MP Shah Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Macharia, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 938 EP 940 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000060333.122.69.08 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 676YG UT WOS:000182779700030 PM 12660550 ER PT J AU Bright, RA Ross, TM Subbarao, K Robinson, HL Katz, JM AF Bright, RA Ross, TM Subbarao, K Robinson, HL Katz, JM TI Impact of glycosylation on the immunogenicity of a DNA-based influenza H5HA vaccine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE H5N1; avian influenza; DNA vaccines; hemagglutinin; glycosylation ID A H5N1 VIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; GENE GUN; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; HEMAGGLUTININ; HUMANS; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; INFECTION AB Avian H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans in Hong Kong in 1997 were divided into two antigenic groups based on the presence or absence of a potential glycosylation site at amino acid residues 154-156 in the HA1 region of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein. To assess the impact of glycosylation on the immunogenicity of an HA-expressing DNA vaccine, a series of plasmid vaccine constructs that differed in the presence of potential glycosylation sites at amino acid residues 154-156, 165-167, and 286-288 were used to immunize BALB/c mice. Postvaccination serum I-G, hemagglutination inhibition, and neutralizing antibody titers as well as the morbidity and mortality following a lethal H5N1 viral challenge did not vary significantly among any of the experimental groups. We conclude that the glycosylation pattern of the influenza virus HA1 domain has little impact on the murine antibody response raised to a DNA vaccine encoding the H5 HA, thereby minimizing the concern that the pattern of glycosylation sites encoded by the vaccine match those of closely related H5 viruses. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Yerkes Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI34946] NR 43 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 308 IS 2 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00008-4 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 671LZ UT WOS:000182467400007 PM 12706077 ER PT J AU Serdula, MK Khan, LK Dietz, WH AF Serdula, MK Khan, LK Dietz, WH TI Weight-loss Counseling revisited SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRIMARY-CARE; OBESITY; MAINTENANCE C1 CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Serdula, MK (reprint author), CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 9 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 14 BP 1747 EP 1750 DI 10.1001/jama.289.14.1747 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 664ZJ UT WOS:000182094900001 PM 12684339 ER PT J AU Fleischauer, AT AF Fleischauer, AT CA CDC TI Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome worldwide, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 226-228, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, SARS Investigat Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fleischauer, AT (reprint author), CDC, SARS Investigat Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 9 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 14 BP 1775 EP 1776 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 664ZJ UT WOS:000182094900009 ER PT J AU Nichol, KL Nordin, J Mullooly, J Lask, R Fillbrandt, K Iwane, M AF Nichol, KL Nordin, J Mullooly, J Lask, R Fillbrandt, K Iwane, M TI Influenza vaccination and reduction in hospitalizations for cardiac disease and stroke among the elderly SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BRAIN INFARCTION; RISK FACTOR; PREVENTING HOSPITALIZATION; PRECEDING INFECTION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; 1989-90 EPIDEMIC; EXCESS MORTALITY; REDUCED RISK; ASSOCIATION AB BACKGROUND: Upper respiratory tract illnesses have been associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. During two influenza seasons, we assessed the influence of vaccination against influenza on the risk of hospitalization for heart disease and stroke, hospitalization for pneumonia and influenza, and death from all causes. METHODS: Cohorts of community-dwelling members of three large managed-care organizations who were at least 65 years old were studied during the 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 influenza seasons. Administrative and clinical data were used to evaluate outcomes, with multivariable logistic regression to control for base-line demographic and health characteristics of the subjects. RESULTS: There were 140,055 subjects in the 1998-1999 cohort and 146,328 in the 1999-2000 cohort, of which 55.5 percent and 59.7 percent, respectively, were immunized. At base line, vaccinated subjects were on average sicker, having higher rates of most coexisting conditions, outpatient care, and prior hospitalization for pneumonia than unvaccinated subjects. Unvaccinated subjects, however, were more likely to have been given a prior diagnosis of dementia or stroke. Vaccination against influenza was associated with a reduction in the risk of hospitalization for cardiac disease (reduction of 19 percent during both seasons [P<0.001]), cerebrovascular disease (reduction of 16 percent during the 1998-1999 season [P<0.018] and 23 percent during the 1999-2000 season [P<0.001]), and pneumonia or influenza (reduction of 32 percent during the 1998-1999 season [P<0.001] and 29 percent during the 1999-2000 season [P<0.001]) and a reduction in the risk of death from all causes (reduction of 48 percent during the 1998-1999 season [P<0.001] and 50 percent during the 1999-2000 season [P<0.001]). In analyses according to age, the presence or absence of major medical conditions at base line, and study site, the findings were consistent across all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In the elderly, vaccination against influenza is associated with reductions in the risk of hospitalization for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and pneumonia or influenza as well as the risk of death from all causes during influenza seasons. These findings highlight the benefits of vaccination and support efforts to increase the rates of vaccination among the elderly. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Portland, OR USA. Oxford Hlth Plan, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nichol, KL (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 1 Vet Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. EM nicho014@umn.edu NR 47 TC 416 Z9 443 U1 4 U2 13 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 14 BP 1322 EP 1332 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa025028 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662LW UT WOS:000181949100003 PM 12672859 ER PT J AU Chang, S Sievert, DM Hageman, JC Boulton, ML Tenover, FC Downes, FP Shah, S Rudrik, JT Pupp, GR Brown, WJ Cardo, D Fridkin, SK AF Chang, S Sievert, DM Hageman, JC Boulton, ML Tenover, FC Downes, FP Shah, S Rudrik, JT Pupp, GR Brown, WJ Cardo, D Fridkin, SK CA Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus TI Infection with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus containing the vanA resistance gene SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; INTERMEDIATE; HOSPITALS; PATIENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Lansing, MI USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Labs, Lansing, MI USA. Lakeview Podiatry Associates, Dearborn, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Detroit Med Ctr Univ Labs, Detroit, MI USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sfridkin@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 601 Z9 665 U1 4 U2 44 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 14 BP 1342 EP 1347 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa025025 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662LW UT WOS:000181949100005 PM 12672861 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Schuchat, A Schulkin, J AF Schrag, SJ Schuchat, A Schulkin, J TI A human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zha6@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 14 BP 1402 EP 1403 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662LW UT WOS:000181949100018 PM 12678020 ER PT J AU Seward, J Galil, K Jumaan, A AF Seward, J Galil, K Jumaan, A TI An outbreak of varicella despite vaccination - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Cubist Pharmaceut, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Seward, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM jseward@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 14 BP 1406 EP 1406 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662LW UT WOS:000181949100026 ER PT J AU Reza, A Feucht, T Anderson, M Simon, TR Barrios, L AF Reza, A Feucht, T Anderson, M Simon, TR Barrios, L TI Source of firearms used by students in school-associated violent deaths - United States, 1992-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 169-172, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Dept Educ, Off Safe & Drug Free Sch, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Justice, Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reza, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 13 BP 1626 EP 1627 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662JX UT WOS:000181944500008 ER PT J AU Proudfoot, SL Romano, NT Bobrick, TG Moore, PH AF Proudfoot, SL Romano, NT Bobrick, TG Moore, PH TI Ambulance crash-related injuries among emergency medical services workers - United States, 1991-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, 154-156, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Proudfoot, SL (reprint author), CDC, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 13 BP 1628 EP 1629 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662JX UT WOS:000181944500010 ER PT J AU Barker, L McCauley, M Fairley, TL AF Barker, L McCauley, M Fairley, TL TI Vaccination coverage among children enrolled in Head Start programs, licensed child care facilities, and entering school - United States, 2000-01 school year (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 175-180, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, L (reprint author), CDC, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 13 BP 1629 EP 1630 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662JX UT WOS:000181944500011 ER PT J AU Naimi, T Brewer, B Mokdad, A Denny, C Serdula, M Marks, J AF Naimi, T Brewer, B Mokdad, A Denny, C Serdula, M Marks, J TI Definitions of binge drinking - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Naimi, T (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 13 BP 1636 EP 1636 DI 10.1001/jama.289.13.1636-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662JX UT WOS:000181944500021 ER PT J AU Schober, SE Sinks, TH Jones, RL Bolger, PM McDowell, M Osterloh, J Garrett, ES Canady, RA Dillon, CF Sun, Y Joseph, CB Mahaffey, KR AF Schober, SE Sinks, TH Jones, RL Bolger, PM McDowell, M Osterloh, J Garrett, ES Canady, RA Dillon, CF Sun, Y Joseph, CB Mahaffey, KR TI Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; POPULATION; DISEASE; HAIR AB Context Humans are exposed to methylmercury, a well-established neurotoxin, through fish consumption. The fetus is most sensitive to the adverse effects of, exposure. The extent of exposure to methylmercury in US women of reproductive age is not known. Objective To describe the distribution of blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age and the association with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption. Design and Setting The 1999-2000 data from, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. Participants In 1999-2000,1250 children aged 1 to 5 years and 2314 women aged 16 to 49 years were selected to participate in the survey. Household interviews, physical examinations, and blood mercury levels assessments were performed on 705 children (56% response rate) and 1709 women (74% response rate). Main Outcome Measure Blood concentration of total mercury. Results Blood mercury levels were approximately 3-fold higher in women compared with children. The geometric mean concentration of total blood mercury was 0.34 mug/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.39 mug/L) in children and 1.02 mug/L (95% Cl, 0.85-1.20 mug/L) in women. Geometric mean mercury levels were almost 4-fold higher among women who ate 3 or more servings of fish in the past 30 days compared with women who ate no fish in that period (1.94 mug/L vs 0.51 mug/L; P<.001). Conclusions Measures of mercury exposure in women of childbearing age and young children generally fall below levels of concern. However, approximately 8% of women had concentrations higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended reference dose (5.8 μg/L), below which exposures are considered to be without adverse effects. Women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant should follow federal and state advisories on consumption of fish. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pascagoula, MS USA. Orkand Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Schober, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4210, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sschober@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 179 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 13 BP 1667 EP 1674 DI 10.1001/jama.289.13.1667 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 662JX UT WOS:000181944500030 PM 12672735 ER PT J AU Eko, FO Lubitz, W McMillan, L Ramey, K Moore, TT Ananaba, GA Lyn, D Black, CM Igietseme, JU AF Eko, FO Lubitz, W McMillan, L Ramey, K Moore, TT Ananaba, GA Lyn, D Black, CM Igietseme, JU TI Recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghosts as a delivery vehicle for vaccinating against Chlamydia trachomatis SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rVCG-MOMP; vaccine; protection ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; GENITAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; C-TRACHOMATIS; T-CELLS; VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION; REINFECTION; MICE; PNEUMONIAE AB An efficacious vaccine is needed to control the morbidity and burden of rising healthcare costs associated with genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Despite considerable efforts, the development of reliable chlamydial vaccines using conventional strategies has proven to be elusive. The 40 kDa major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C. trachomatis is so far the most promising candidate for a subunit vaccine. The lack of satisfactory protective immunity with MOMP-based vaccine regimens to date would suggest that either MOMP alone is inadequate as a vaccine candidate or better delivery systems are needed to optimize the effect of MOMP. Recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghosts (rVCG) are attractive for use as non-living vaccines because they possess strong adjuvant properties and are excellent vehicles for delivery of antigens of vaccine relevance to mucosal sites. The suitability of the ghost technology for designing an anti-chlamydial vaccine was evaluated by constructing a rVCG vector-based candidate vaccine expressing MOMP (rVCG-MOMP) and assessing vaccine efficacy in a murine model of C. trachomatis genital infection. Intramuscular delivery of the rVCG-MOMP vaccine induced elevated local genital mucosal as well as systemic Th1 responses. In addition, immune T cells from immunized mice could transfer partial protection against a C. trachomatis genital challenge to naive mice. These results suggest that rVCG expressing chlamydial proteins may constitute a suitable subunit vaccine for inducing an efficient mucosal T cell response that protects against C. trachomatis infection. Altogether, the potency and relatively low production cost of rVCG offer a significant technical advantage as a chlamydial vaccine. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Canc Res & Therapeut Dev, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Microbiol & Genet, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. RP Eko, FO (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Biochem & Immunol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08248] NR 49 TC 49 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 15 BP 1694 EP 1703 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00677-1 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00677-1 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 663LX UT WOS:000182008000017 PM 12639492 ER PT J AU Ito, A Urbani, C Jiamin, Q Vuitton, DA Dongchuan, Q Heath, DD Craig, PS Zheng, F Schantz, PM AF Ito, A Urbani, C Jiamin, Q Vuitton, DA Dongchuan, Q Heath, DD Craig, PS Zheng, F Schantz, PM TI Control of echinococcosis and cysticercosis: a public health challenge to international cooperation in China SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Review DE echinococcosis; cysticercosis; cestode zoonoses; control; diagnosis; treatment; China; review ID HUMAN ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TAENIA-SOLIUM TAENIASIS; CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; HYDATID-DISEASE; IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; COPROANTIGEN DETECTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; DEFINITIVE HOST; IRIAN-JAYA AB Echinococcosis, both cystic and alveolar, and Taenia solium cysticercosis are the most serious zoonotic cestodoses worldwide. Because of the emerging importance of these diseases in China, several international workshops and meetings were held in this country from 1998 to 2001. Based on round table discussions in Chengdu 2000, the proposal of a strategy to control echinococcosis and cysticercosis has been prepared in China. It includes a comprehensive approach based on a careful analysis of the local situations (particularly concerning the particularities of the cycle, ecology, and ethology of the animal hosts, and behavioral characteristics of the population at risk), the use of newly developed tools both in animals and human (immunology, molecular biology, and imaging), and the association of the traditional control measures (control of slaughtering, antiparasitic treatment and control of the definitive hosts, and health education) with more recent developments such as vaccination of the intermediate hosts. Plans on for the control of echinococcosis and cysticercosis in China are summarized. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. WHO, Vector Borne & Other Parasit Dis, Hanoi, Vietnam. Sichuan Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Univ Franche Comte, Sch Med, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Treatment Human Echin, F-25030 Besancon, France. Univ Hosp, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Treatment Human Echin, Besancon, France. Wallaceville Anim Res Ctr, Upper Hutt, New Zealand. Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Biosci Res Inst, Manchester, Lancs, England. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Parasit Dis, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ito, A (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. EM akiraito@asahikawa-med.ac.jp RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 NR 97 TC 70 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00269-3 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 676VU UT WOS:000182773900001 PM 12711098 ER PT J AU Gittens, MV Roth, WW Roach, T Stringer, HG Pieniazek, D Bond, VC Levett, PN AF Gittens, MV Roth, WW Roach, T Stringer, HG Pieniazek, D Bond, VC Levett, PN TI The molecular epidemiology and drug resistance determination of HIV type 1 subtype B infection in Barbados SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; BRAZIL; PROGRESSION; SEQUENCES; STRAINS AB To better understand the emergence of HIV-1 variants in Barbados and the association with transmission modes, we analyzed phylogenetic relationships and genetic variability among HIV-1 strains collected in 1996 from 36 antiretroviral therapy-naive patients. Only subtype B variants were present in this sampling, based on analysis of HIV-1 envelope (env) C2V3, protease (PR), and reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences. The genetic diversity of env sequences was broad (13.9%; range, 5.9-24.9%), suggesting multiple introductions of distinct HIV-1 strains to the island. The frequency of subtype B HIV-1 variants with similar env V3 features, including the tetrameric tips, GPGR and GPGK, the threonine. deletion at position 23, and the substitution of threonine to arginine at position 22, was comparable in heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual patients. Analyses of amino acid variations in PR sequences revealed a lack of major drug resistance-conferring mutations and a high (90%) prevalence of secondary mutations at positions 36, 63, 71, and 77. While the occurrence of 36I, 63P, and 71T mutations in Barbadian strains was similar to the global prevalence for subtype B variants, the frequency (64%) of the V77I mutation was more than three times that seen worldwide. Only two RT antiretroviral resistance mutations (M41L and T215Y) were observed, both from a single patient. This comprehensive genetic analysis documents a broad diversity within HIV-1 subtype B in Barbados and suggests a lack of association between particular subtype B variants and transmission modes. C1 Univ W Indies, Sch Clin Med & Res, Bridgetown, Barbados. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gittens, MV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Room 6001,5th Floor,13th St, Charlestown, MA 02119 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12-RR03034, G12 RR003034]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06-GM08248-12, S06 GM008248] NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1089/088922203764969519 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 672EW UT WOS:000182509100007 PM 12816080 ER PT J AU Li, RW Jewell, S Grummer-Strawn, L AF Li, RW Jewell, S Grummer-Strawn, L TI Maternal obesity and breast-feeding practices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE maternal obesity; BMI before pregnancy; gestational weight gain; breast-feeding initiation; breast-feeding duration; Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System; Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System ID BODY-MASS INDEX; DIETARY OBESITY; RISK-FACTORS; LACTATION; DURATION; INITIATION; WEIGHT; RAT AB Background: Maternal obesity has been associated with poor lactation in animal models, but the results of related research in humans are inconclusive. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that women who are obese before pregnancy or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are less likely to initiate and maintain breast-feeding than are their normal-weight counterparts. Design: We analyzed 124 151 mother-infant pairs from the Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System and the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System. Body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy and gestational weight gain were categorized according to guidelines from the Institute of Medicine. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the association between maternal obesity and breast-feeding initiation (n = 51329), and multiple linear regression was used to examine the effect of maternal obesity on breast-feeding duration among women who initiated breast-feeding (it = 13 234). Results: Regardless of gestational weight gain, obese women were less likely to initiate breast-feeding than were women with a normal BMI before pregnancy who also gained the recommended weight during pregnancy. Maternal BMI before pregnancy and gestational weight gain were each independently associated with duration of breast-feeding. Women who were obese before pregnancy breast-fed approximate to2 wk less than did their normal-weight counterparts, and women who either failed to reach or exceeded the recommended gestational weight gain breast-fed approximate to1 wk less than did those who gained the recommended gestational weight. Conclusions: Both obesity before pregnancy and inadequate weight gain during pregnancy have a negative effect on breastfeeding practice. Women who are obese before pregnancy or who gain inadequate weight during pregnancy need extra support for breast-feeding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K-25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ri16@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 931 EP 936 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 658YA UT WOS:000181747600028 PM 12663294 ER PT J AU Mercer, SL Green, LW Rosenthal, AC Husten, CG Khan, LK Dietz, WH AF Mercer, SL Green, LW Rosenthal, AC Husten, CG Khan, LK Dietz, WH TI Possible lessons from the tobacco experience for obesity control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Nutrition Guidelines of Family Doctors Towards Best Practice CY DEC 10-12, 2001 CL HEELSUM, NETHERLANDS DE tobacco control; obesity control; smoking cessation; smoking cessation counseling; obesity counseling; physical activity; nutrition; health promotion; health education; health policy; prevention; health economics ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SMOKING PREVENTION; HEALTH PROMOTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PRICING STRATEGY; CONTROL-PROGRAM; NORTH KARELIA; MANAGED CARE; YOUTH ACCESS AB Although obesity is increasing to epidemic proportions in many developed countries, some of these same countries are reporting substantial reductions in tobacco use. Unlike tobacco, food and physical activity are essential to life. Yet similar psychological, social, and environmental factors as well as advertising pressures influence the usage patterns of all 3. These similarities suggest that there may be commonalities between factors involved in controlling obesity and tobacco. This review, therefore, seeks to draw lessons from the tobacco experience for the organization of more successful obesity control. Smoking cessation counseling by physicians has been found to be one of the most clinically effective and cost-effective of all disease prevention interventions. When used alone, however, it cannot decrease the cultural acceptability of tobacco and the pressures and cues to smoke. Research and evaluation have shown the key elements of tobacco control to be (1) clinical intervention and management, (2) educational strategies, (3) regulatory efforts, (4) economic approaches, and (5) the combination of all of these into comprehensive programs that address multiple facets of the environment simultaneously. For each element, we present the evidence outlining its importance for tobacco control, discuss its application to date in obesity control, and suggest areas for further research. Viewing all of the elements involved and recognizing their synergistic effects draws researchers and practitioners back from an exclusive concentration on their particular setting to consider how they might seek to influence other settings in which individuals and populations must negotiate desired changes in nutrition and physical activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Extramural Prevent Res, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mercer, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Extramural Prevent Res, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM smercer@cdc.gov NR 128 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 SU S BP 1073S EP 1082S PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 660AT UT WOS:000181812300016 PM 12663321 ER PT J AU Berkova, Z Kaufmann, RH Unger, ER Reeves, WC Adam, E AF Berkova, Z Kaufmann, RH Unger, ER Reeves, WC Adam, E TI The effect of time interval between referral and colposcopy on detection of human papillomavirus DNA and on outcome of biopsy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervical biopsy; time factor; human papilloma-virus; polymerase chain reaction; screening ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS AB OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of the time interval between referral cytology and the outcome of colposcopically directed biopsy in relation to human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction in women referred after abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. STUDY DESIGN: The study enrolled 453 women who were referred for colposcopic examination after two Pap smears were reported as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 553 women who were referred with a single smear reported as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). RESULTS: The results in both patient groups were evaluated in time intervals of 60 days or more, 61 to 120 days, and more than 120 days between referral and colposcopy. A higher proportion of white women than African American women and Hispanic women were seen within 60 days after referral in both referral groups. Women of all race/ethnic backgrounds referred with HSIL were seen within 60 days in a significantly larger, proportion than women referred with ASCUS/LSIL. Women referred with ASCUS/LSIL had an increasing frequency of negative HPV findings with the prolonged time intervals. In women referred with a single smear of HSIL, there was a significantly decreasing trend over time in detection of low-risk and unidentified types of HPV and an increasing trend of HPV DNA negative results. CONCLUSION: The frequency of high-risk HPV DNA was similar in patients referred with ASCUS/LSIL or HSIL. In both referral groups, there was a time-dependent increase of negative biopsy results and a decreased frequency of low-risk HPV or of unidentified HPV types. This suggests that the initial abnormality on the Pap smear associated with other than high-risk HPV types may regress over time. The presence of high-risk HPV DNA does not predict the actual histologically verifiable tissue changes but indicates a lower probability of negative biopsy results in all time intervals between referral and biopsy. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaufmann, RH (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 6550 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU PHS HHS [200-92-0537] NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 188 IS 4 BP 932 EP 937 DI 10.1067/mob.2003.252 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 673DJ UT WOS:000182564700013 PM 12712088 ER PT J AU Fleming, DW AF Fleming, DW TI More evidence, more action - Addressing the social determinants of health - Foreword SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fleming, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 SU S BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00649-9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 668NM UT WOS:000182300100001 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Scrimshaw, SC Fullilove, MT Fielding, JE AF Anderson, LM Scrimshaw, SC Fullilove, MT Fielding, JE CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI The Community Guide's model for linking the social environment to health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; MULTILEVEL; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION; EMPLOYMENT; DISEASE; STRESS; RACISM; INCOME C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Anderson, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LAA1@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 SU S BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00652-9 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 668NM UT WOS:000182300100007 PM 12668194 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Fielding, JE Mullen, PD Clymer, J Delgado, JL Fullilove, MT Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Johnson, RL Land, GH Clark, NM Nolan, PA Richling, DE Rimer, BK Teutsch, SM AF Anderson, LM Fielding, JE Mullen, PD Clymer, J Delgado, JL Fullilove, MT Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Johnson, RL Land, GH Clark, NM Nolan, PA Richling, DE Rimer, BK Teutsch, SM CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Recommendations to promote healthy social environments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; INTERVENTIONS; CHILDHOOD; ETHNICITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Partnership Prevent, Washington, DC USA. Natl Alliance Hispan Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Ctr Hlth Inform Management & Epidemiol, Jefferson City, MO USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI USA. Union Pacific Railroad, Omaha, NE USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA USA. RP Anderson, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LAA1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 SU S BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00653-0 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 668NM UT WOS:000182300100008 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Fielding, JE Fullilove, MT Scrimshaw, SC Carande-Kulis, VG AF Anderson, LM Fielding, JE Fullilove, MT Scrimshaw, SC Carande-Kulis, VG CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Methods for conducting systematic reviews of the evidence of effectiveness and economic efficiency of interventions to promote healthy social environments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES AB The social and physical surroundings in which people live affect their health. Knowing what basic conditions and opportunities in communities advance or impede improvement of community health can inform public health practice and policy. This article describes the methods for conducting systematic literature reviews of three community interventions to promote healthy social environments: early childhood development programs, programs to promote affordable family housing in safe neighborhoods, and interventions to increase the cultural and linguistic competence of healthcare systems. Existing methods, established for conducting systematic reviews for the Guide to Community Preventive Services, were applied to these interventions to promote healthy social environments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Chicago, IL USA. RP Anderson, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LAA1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 SU S BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00654-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 668NM UT WOS:000182300100009 PM 12668196 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Shinn, C Fullilove, MT Scrimshaw, SC Fielding, JE Normand, J Carande-Kulis, VG AF Anderson, LM Shinn, C Fullilove, MT Scrimshaw, SC Fielding, JE Normand, J Carande-Kulis, VG CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI The effectiveness of early childhood development programs - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COMMUNITY PREVENTIVE SERVICES; ATTENDING HEAD-START; FOLLOW-UP; EARLY INTERVENTION; PRESCHOOL PROGRAMS; NO PRESCHOOL; CHILDREN; HEALTH; PERSPECTIVE; ACHIEVEMENT AB Early childhood development is influenced by characteristics of the child, the family, and the broader social environment. Physical health, cognition, language, and social and emotional development underpin school readiness. Publicly funded, center-based, comprehensive early childhood development programs are a community resource that promotes the well-being of young children. Programs such as Head Start are designed to close the gap in readiness to learn between poor children and their more economically advantaged peers. Systematic reviews of the scientific literature demonstrate effectiveness of these programs in preventing developmental delay, as assessed by reductions in retention in grade and placement in special education. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Chicago, IL USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Anderson, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 61 TC 169 Z9 176 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 SU S BP 32 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00655-4 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 668NM UT WOS:000182300100010 PM 12668197 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM St Charles, J Fullilove, MT Scrimshaw, SC Fielding, JE Normand, J AF Anderson, LM St Charles, J Fullilove, MT Scrimshaw, SC Fielding, JE Normand, J CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Providing affordable family housing and reducing residential segregation by income - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COMMUNITY PREVENTIVE SERVICES; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; NEIGHBORHOOD; HEALTH; CHILDREN; SUBURBS; GUIDE AB The inadequate supply of affordable housing for low-income families and the increasing spatial segregation of some households by income, race, ethnicity, or social class into unsafe neighborhoods are among the most prevalent community health concerns related to family housing. When affordable housing is not available to low-income households, family resources needed for food, medical or dental care, and other necessities are diverted to housing costs. Two housing programs intended to provide affordable housing and, concurrently, reduce the residential segregation of low-income families into unsafe neighborhoods of concentrated poverty, are reviewed: the creation of mixed-income housing developments and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Section 8 Rental Voucher Program. The effectiveness of mixed-income housing developments could not be ascertained by this systematic review because of a lack of comparative research. Scientific evidence was sufficient to conclude that rental voucher programs improve household safety as measured by reduced exposure to crimes against person and property and decreased neighborhood social disorder. Effectiveness of rental voucher programs on youth health risk behaviors, mental health status, and physical health status could not be determined because too few studies of adequate design and execution reported these outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Task Force Community Prevnet Serv, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Chicago, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Anderson, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 74 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 SU S BP 47 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00656-6 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 668NM UT WOS:000182300100011 PM 12668198 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Scrimshaw, SC Fullilove, MT Fielding, JE Normand, J AF Anderson, LM Scrimshaw, SC Fullilove, MT Fielding, JE Normand, J CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Culturally competent healthcare systems - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; AIDS RISK KNOWLEDGE; LANGUAGE BARRIERS; UNITED-STATES; CARE; RACE; PERCEPTIONS; ETHNICITY; EMERGENCY; EDUCATION AB Culturally competent healthcare systems-those that provide culturally and linguistically appropriate services-have the potential to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities. When clients do not understand what their healthcare providers are telling them, and providers either do not speak the client's language or are insensitive to cultural differences, the quality of health care can be compromised. We reviewed five interventions to improve cultural competence in healthcare systems-programs to recruit and retain staff members who reflect the cultural diversity of the community served, use of interpreter services or bilingual providers for clients with limited English proficiency, cultural competency training for healthcare providers, use of linguistically and culturally appropriate health education materials, and culturally specific healthcare settings. We could not determine the effectiveness of any of these interventions, because there were either too few comparative studies, or studies did not examine the outcome measures evaluated in this review: client satisfaction with care, improvements in health status, and inappropriate racial or ethnic differences in use of health services or in received and recommended treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Anderson, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 42 TC 232 Z9 237 U1 9 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 SU S BP 68 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00657-8 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 668NM UT WOS:000182300100012 PM 12668199 ER PT J AU Cramer, EH Gu, DX Durbin, RE AF Cramer, EH Gu, DX Durbin, RE CA Vessel Sanitation Program Environm TI Diarrheal disease on cruise ships, 1990-2000 - The impact of environmental health programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ILLNESS AB Background: In 1975, the then-Centcr for Disease Control (CDC) established the Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP) to minimize the risk for diarrheal disease among passengers and crew aboard ships by assisting the cruise ship industry in developing and implementing comprehensive environmental health programs. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between cruise ship sanitation scores and diarrheal disease incidence and outbreaks among cruise ship passengers. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of ship inspection and diarrheal disease data from 1990 through 2000 from the National Center for Environmental Health, CDC database, for cruise ships entering the United States. Outcomes: Yearly trends in number of ships inspected, number of inspections conducted, inspection scores, and risks of failing inspections; rates of diarrheal disease among passengers, by inspection year, cruise duration, incidence of outbreaks, and passing- or failing-score status of the associated ship. Results: From 1990 through 2000, inspection scores gradually increased from a median of 89 in 1990 to 93 in 2000 (p<0.001), with an associated statistically significant 21% increase in likelihood of passing. The total baseline level of diarrhea among passengers was 2.0 cases per cruise (13,243/6485), or 23.6 cases per 100,000 passenger-days (13,243/56,129,096). The latter rate declined significantly from 29.2 in 1990 to 16.3 in 2000 (p<0.0001). Diarrheal disease incidence rates among passengers sailing on ships that passed environmental inspections were significantly lower than rates among passengers sailing on ships that failed inspections (21.7 vs 30.1; RR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.31-1.47). Diarrheal disease outbreak-related illnesses decreased from 4.2 to 3.5 per 100,000 passenger-days from 1990-1995 to 1996-2000. Conclusions: Environmental sanitation inspections conducted among ships sailing into the United States appear to continue to decrease diarrheal disease rates and outbreaks among passengers. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vessel Sanitat Program, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Cramer, EH (reprint author), 5875 Alma St, Vancouver, BC V6N 1Y3, Canada. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)06644-X PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 667CR UT WOS:000182213700003 PM 12657340 ER PT J AU Arday, DR Milton, MH Husten, CG Haffer, SC Wheeless, SC Jones, SM Johnson, RE AF Arday, DR Milton, MH Husten, CG Haffer, SC Wheeless, SC Jones, SM Johnson, RE TI Smoking and functional status among Medicare managed care enrollees SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH SURVEY; OLDER ADULTS; EX-SMOKERS; OUTCOMES; POPULATION; CESSATION; IMPACT AB Background: Smoking is a major determinant of health status and outcomes. Current smoking has been associated with lower scores on the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Whether this occurs among the elderly and disabled Medicare populations is not known. This study assessed the relationships between smoking status and both physical and mental functioning in the Medicare managed-care population. Methods: During the spring of 1998, data were collected from 134,309 elderly and 8640 disabled Medicare beneficiaries for Cohort 1, Round 1 of the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey. We subsequently used these data to calculate mean standardized SF-36 scores, self-reported health status, and prevalence of smoking-related illness, by smoking status, after adjusting for demographic factors. Results: Among the disabled, everyday and someday smokers had lower standardized physical component (PCS) and mental component (MCS) scores than never smokers (-2.4 to -4.5 points; p <0.01 for all). Among the elderly, the lowest PCS and MCS scores were seen among recent quitters (-5.1 and -3.7 points, respectively, below those for never smokers; p <0.01 for both), but current smokers also had significantly lower scores on both scales. For the elderly and disabled populations, MCS scores of long-term quitters were the same as nonsmokers. Similar patterns were seen across all eight SF-36 scales. Ever smokers had higher odds of reporting both less-than-good health and a history of smoking-related chronic disease. Conclusions: In the elderly and disabled Medicare populations, smokers report worse physical and mental functional status than never smokers. Long-term quitters have better functional status than those who still smoke. More effort should be directed at helping elderly smokers to quit earlier. Smoking cessation has implications for improving both survival and functional status. C1 CDC, NCCDPHP, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USA, Army Med Surveillance Act, Div Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Ctr Beneficiary Choices, Qual Measurement & Hlth Assessment Grp, Baltimore, MD USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Milton, MH (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPHP, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00643-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 667CR UT WOS:000182213700004 PM 12657341 ER PT J AU Mellinger-Birdsong, AK Powell, KE Iatridis, T Bason, J AF Mellinger-Birdsong, AK Powell, KE Iatridis, T Bason, J TI Prevalence and impact of asthma in children, Georgia, 2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EARLY-CHILDHOOD; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; TRENDS AB Background: Asthma is a common chronic condition with significant impact on those who have it. Information about children with asthma was sought to guide state program planning. Methods: A random-digit-dial telephone survey of 1503 households with 2700 children was conducted in Georgia. Primary caretakers were interviewed. Results for households, children, and caretakers were weighted by number of telephone lines; results for children were also weighted to the Georgia 1998 estimated population. Data were collected and analyzed in 2000. Results: Asthma prevalence among children in Georgia aged 0 to 17 years was 10.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] =9.2%-11.9%). Among children with asthma, 64.8% (95% CI=58.5-71.1) had an attack and 30.0% (95% CI=24.2-35.8) visited an emergency department in the last year. In the past year, 53.9% (95% CI=46.8-61.0) of school-aged children with asthma and 29.7% (95% CI=23.7-35.7) of adults in households of children with asthma missed school or work because of the child's asthma. Among children with asthma, 56.1% (95% CI=48.6-63.6) lived in a household where neither caretaker nor child has taken a course or been taught about managing asthma, and 28.6% (95% CI = 22.1-35.1) lived in a household where adults smoked inside the house. Conclusions: Asthma has a substantial effect on the lives of children in Georgia, including medical events and missed school, and on adult caretakers in terms of missed work due to the child's asthma. To reduce the burden of asthma in Georgia, exposure of people with asthma to tobacco smoke in the home should be eliminated and training in asthma management should be more widely available. C1 Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Georgia, Survey Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Lung Assoc Georgia Inc, Smyrna, GA USA. RP Powell, KE (reprint author), Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, 2 Peachtree St NW,14th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00642-6 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 667CR UT WOS:000182213700005 PM 12657342 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Leary, LS Simone, PM AF Lobato, MN Leary, LS Simone, PM TI Treatment for latent TB in correctional facilities - A challenge for TB elimination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STATE PRISON SYSTEM; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; JAIL; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION; RELEASE AB Background: To eliminate tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, more information is needed on how to gain access to difficult-to-reach, high-risk populations to evaluate people who would benefit from treatment for latent TB infection (LTBI). Methods: A field study was conducted of people at risk for co-infection with TB and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to demonstrate that treating LTBI in inmates is feasible. Inmates were tested for LTBI using the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST). Outcomes measured were skin test results and the start and completion of treatment for LTBI. Results: In 49 correctional facilities in 12 states, 198,102 inmates had a skin test read. The mean skin test positivity rate among inmates was 17.0%. Of those who had a known HIV test result, 14.5% tested HIV positive. Inmates with a positive TST were 4.2 times more likely than those with a negative TST to be HIV infected (95% confidence interval [CI] =3.9-4.4). Therapy for LTBI was completed in 55.9% of patients started on treatment. Patients who were HIV positive and started on a 12-month treatment regimen were less likely than HIV-negative patients (40.0% vs 68.1%, respectively) to complete treatment (odds ratio [OR]=0.24, 95% CI=0.20-0.28). Patients treated in jails were less likely than those treated in prisons (33.6% vs 57.7%, respectively) to complete treatment (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.26-0.32). Conclusions: Correctional facilities offer a venue for identifying and treating high-risk individuals for LTBI. However, completing treatment is more problematic in jails than in prisons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00583-4 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 667CR UT WOS:000182213700006 PM 12657343 ER PT J AU Davidson, AJ Melinkovich, P Beatty, BL Chandramouli, V Hambidge, SJ Phibbs, SL Braun, P LeBaron, CW Steiner, JF AF Davidson, AJ Melinkovich, P Beatty, BL Chandramouli, V Hambidge, SJ Phibbs, SL Braun, P LeBaron, CW Steiner, JF TI Immunization registry accuracy - Improvement with progressive clinical application SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION COVERAGE; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; TRACKING SYSTEM; PUBLIC-HEALTH; INNER-CITY; CHILDREN; IMPACT; RECORD; ORGANIZATION AB Background: Healthcare systems have been challenged to ensure the timely administration of immunizations. Immunization registries have been proposed to improve the accuracy and completeness of immunization information and to promote effective practice. Methods: Comparison of randomly selected samples from two birth cohorts (1993 and 1998) from Denver Health Medical Center. Chart review and immunization registry information for these groups were compared; a composite immunization was recorded and up-to-date (UTD) status established. Registry data were compared with this composite using a sensitivity measure to assess completeness and accuracy. Results: Among 818 children in the 1993 cohort and 1043 children in the 1998 cohort, there were 6386 and 6886 valid immunizations, respectively. The registry recorded 71.4% and 97.7% of these for the 1993 and 1998 cohorts, respectively (p <0.001). The apparent UTD rate, as measured with registry data alone, improved from 37% to 79% between the two time frames (p <0.001). Composite UTD status was 83.1% and 78.9% (1993 vs 1998, respectively). Accurate registry-defined UTD status improved from 44.4% to 100% between the two intervals. Conclusions: Immunization registry accuracy improved dramatically for recorded immunizations and UTD status. However, after 3 years of registry use, the overall proportion of children who were UTD had not significantly improved. The mere presence of a registry does not ensure more complete vaccination coverage. Other registry based strategies, including use of the data for reminder, recall, and audit, may further improve immunization coverage. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Denver Community Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davidson, AJ (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00638-4 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 667CR UT WOS:000182213700011 PM 12657348 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Mehler, LN Rosales, R Baum, L Thomsen, C Male, D Shafey, O Das, R Lackovic, M Arvizu, E AF Calvert, GM Mehler, LN Rosales, R Baum, L Thomsen, C Male, D Shafey, O Das, R Lackovic, M Arvizu, E TI Acute pesticide-related illnesses among working youths, 1988-1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POISON-CONTROL-CENTERS AB Objectives. The goal of this study was to describe acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among youths and to provide prevention recommendations. Methods. Survey data from 8 states and from poison control center data were analyzed. Illness incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated. Results. A total of 531 youths were identified with acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses. Insecticides were responsible for most of these illnesses (68%), most of which were of minor severity (79%). The average annual incidence rate among youths aged 15 to 17 years was 20.4 per billion hours worked, and the incidence rate ratio among youths vs adults was 1.71 (95% confidence interval= 1.53, 1.91). Conclusions. The present findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among adolescents. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Dept Environm Epidemiol & Toxicol, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Environm Hlth & Safety, Olympia, WA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Occupat Hlth Branch, Oakland, CA USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jac6@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 605 EP 610 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.4.605 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 659KJ UT WOS:000181775600028 PM 12660205 ER PT J AU Selvin, E Brett, KM AF Selvin, E Brett, KM TI Breast and cervical cancer screening: Sociodemographic predictors among White, Black, and Hispanic women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MAMMOGRAPHY; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; HEALTH; CARE AB Objectives. We evaluated the relationship between breast and cervical cancer screening and a variety of variables across race/ethnicity groups. Methods. Using logistic regression models, we analyzed data from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey to assess the relative importance of the independent variables in predicting use of cancer screening services. Results. Having a usual source of care was the most important predictor of cancer screening use for all race/ethnicity groups. Health insurance was associated with an increased likelihood of cancer screening. Smoking was associated with a decreased likelihood of cancer screening. Conclusions. Regardless of race/ethnicity, most women follow mammography and cervical cancer screening guidelines. The identification of specific factors associated with adherence to cancer screening guidelines may help inform screening campaigns. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Selvin, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Box 362, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM lselvin@pisph.edu NR 30 TC 193 Z9 197 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 618 EP 623 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.4.618 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 659KJ UT WOS:000181775600030 PM 12660207 ER PT J AU Danel, I Berg, C Johnson, CH Atrash, H AF Danel, I Berg, C Johnson, CH Atrash, H TI Magnitude of maternal morbidity during labor and delivery: United States, 1993-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; HOSPITALIZATIONS; COMPLICATIONS; MORTALITY AB Objectives. This study sought to determine the prevalence of maternal morbidity during labor and delivery in the United States. Methods. Analyses focused on National Hospital Discharge Survey data available for women giving birth between 1993 and 1997. Results. The prevalence of specific types of maternal morbidity was low, but the burden of overall morbidity was high. Forty-three percent of women experienced some type of morbidity during their delivery hospitalization. Thirty-one percent (1.2 million women) had at least 1 obstetric complication or at least 1 preexisting medical condition. Conclusions. Maternal morbidity during delivery is frequent and often preventable. Reducing maternal morbidity is a national health objective, and its monitoring is key to improving maternal health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Danel, I (reprint author), World Bank, MSN 17-700,1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. EM idanel@worldbank.org NR 18 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 631 EP 634 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.4.631 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 659KJ UT WOS:000181775600032 PM 12660209 ER PT J AU Phillips-Howard, PA Nahlen, BL Alaii, JA ter Kuile, FO Gimnig, JE Terlouw, DJ Kachur, SP Hightower, AW Lal, AA Schoute, E Oloo, AJ Hawley, WA AF Phillips-Howard, PA Nahlen, BL Alaii, JA ter Kuile, FO Gimnig, JE Terlouw, DJ Kachur, SP Hightower, AW Lal, AA Schoute, E Oloo, AJ Hawley, WA TI The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya I. Development of infrastructure and description of study site SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; MALARIA INFECTIONS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CURTAINS; TRANSMISSION; BEDNETS; AREA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLICY AB Randomized controlled trials in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that permethrin-treated bed nets and curtains reduce all-cause child mortality by 15-33% in areas with low or high but seasonal malaria transmission. This report describes the study site for a community-based, group-randomized, controlled trial in an area of high and year-round malaria transmission in western Kenya. We outline the development of the human and physical infrastructure required to conduct this trial and discuss some of the difficulties encountered and lessons learned in conducting it. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Phillips-Howard, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600003 PM 12749479 ER PT J AU Phillips-Howard, PA ter Kuile, FO Nahlen, BL Alaii, JA Gimnig, JE Kolczak, MS Terlouw, DJ Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Kachur, SP Hightower, AW Vulule, JM Hawley, WA AF Phillips-Howard, PA ter Kuile, FO Nahlen, BL Alaii, JA Gimnig, JE Kolczak, MS Terlouw, DJ Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Kachur, SP Hightower, AW Vulule, JM Hawley, WA TI The efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya II. Study design and methods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; KASSENA-NANKANA DISTRICT; MALARIA; IMPACT; BEDNETS; PREGNANCY; PROGRAM; GHANA AB This paper describes the study design and methods used in a large community-based, group-randomized, controlled trial of permethrin-treated bed nets (ITNs) in an area with intense, perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya conducted between 1996 and 1999. A multi-disciplinary framework was used to explore the efficacy of ITNs in the reduction of all-cause mortality in children less than five years old, the clinical, entomologic, immunologic, and economic impact of ITNs, the social and behavioral determinants of ITN use, and the use of a geographic information system to allow for spatial analyses of these outcomes. Methodologic difficulties encountered in such large-scale field trials are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Phillips-Howard, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600004 PM 12749480 ER PT J AU Gimnig, JE Vulule, JM Lo, TQ Kamau, L Kolczak, MS Phillips-Howard, PA Mathenge, EM ter Kuile, FO Nahlen, BL Hightower, AW Hawley, WA AF Gimnig, JE Vulule, JM Lo, TQ Kamau, L Kolczak, MS Phillips-Howard, PA Mathenge, EM ter Kuile, FO Nahlen, BL Hightower, AW Hawley, WA TI Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on entomologic indices in an area of intense year-round malaria transmission SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; EXPERIMENTAL HUT TRIALS; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; WESTERN KENYA; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; CHILD-MORTALITY; BURKINA-FASO; CURTAINS; INSECTICIDE; CULICIDAE AB The effect of permethrin-treated bed nets (ITNs) on malaria vectors was studied as part of a large-scale, randomized, controlled trial in western Kenya. Indoor resting densities of fed Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus in intervention houses were 58.5% (P = 0.010) and 94.5% (P = 0.001) lower, respectively, compared with control houses. The sporozoite infection rate in An. gambiae s.l. was 0.8% in intervention areas compared with 3.4% (P = 0.026) in control areas, while the sporozoite infection rates in An. funestus were not significantly different between the two areas. We estimated the overall transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in intervention areas to be 90% lower than in control areas. Permethrin resistance was not detected during the study period. As measured by densities of An. gambiae s.l., the efficacy of bed nets decreased if one or more residents did not sleep under a net or if bed nets had not been re-treated within six months. These results indicate that ITNs are optimally effective if used every night and if permethrin is reapplied at least biannually. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Biotechnol Res & Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Nairobi, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Gimnig, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600005 PM 12749481 ER PT J AU Phillips-Howard, PA Nahlen, BL Kolczak, MS Hightower, AW ter Kuile, FO Alaii, JA Gimnig, JE Arudo, J Vulule, JM Odhacha, A Kachur, SP Schoute, E Rosen, DH Sexton, JD Oloo, AJ Hawley, WA AF Phillips-Howard, PA Nahlen, BL Kolczak, MS Hightower, AW ter Kuile, FO Alaii, JA Gimnig, JE Arudo, J Vulule, JM Odhacha, A Kachur, SP Schoute, E Rosen, DH Sexton, JD Oloo, AJ Hawley, WA TI Efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of mortality in young children in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MORBIDITY; CURTAINS; BEDNETS; COHORT; AFRICA AB A group-randomized controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin) -treated bed nets (ITNs) was conducted in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya to test the effect of ITNs on all-cause mortality in children 1-59 months of age. Child deaths were monitored over a two-year period by biannual household census in Asembo (1997-1998) and in Gem (1998-1999). Overall, 1,722 deaths occurred in children 1-59 months followed for 35,932 child-years. Crude mortality rates/1,000 child-years were 51.9 versus 43.9 in control and ITN villages in children 1-59 months old. The protective efficacy (PE) (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, study year, study site, and season was 16% (6-25%). Corresponding figures in 1-11- and 12-59-month-old children in control and ITN villages were 133.3 versus 102.3, PE = 23% (11-34%) and 31.1 versus 28.7, PE = 7% (-6-19%). The numbers of lives saved/1,000 child-years were 8, 31, and 2 for the groups 1-59, 1-11, and 12-59 months old, respectively. Stratified analysis by time to insecticide re-treatment showed that the PE of ITNs re-treated per study protocol (every six months) was 20% (10-29%), overall and 26% (12-37%) and 14% (-1-26%) in 1-11- and 12-59-month-old children, respectively. ITNs prevent approximately one in four infant deaths in areas of intense perennial malaria transmission, but their efficacy is compromised if re-treatment is delayed beyond six months. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Div Parasit Dis, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenyan Minist Hlth, Off Prevent Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Phillips-Howard, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 160 Z9 162 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600006 PM 12749482 ER PT J AU Arudo, J Gimnig, JE ter Kuile, FO Kachur, SP Slutsker, L Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Orago, ASS Nahlen, BL Phillips-Howard, PA AF Arudo, J Gimnig, JE ter Kuile, FO Kachur, SP Slutsker, L Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Orago, ASS Nahlen, BL Phillips-Howard, PA TI Comparison of government statistics and demographic surveillance to monitor mortality in children less than five years old in rural western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL COHORT; MALARIA INFECTIONS; AREA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; DEATH AB Estimates of mortality in children less than five years old using government civil registration statistics (passive surveillance) were compared against statistics generated by active demographic surveillance during a randomized controlled trial of permethrin-treated bed nets (ITNs) in western Kenya. Mortality rates were two-fold lower when estimated through civil registration compared with active prospective surveillance (rate ratio [RR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44-0.59). While civil registration underestimated deaths, particularly in the neonatal period, the age distribution of deaths in children 1-59 months of age was the same as with active surveillance. Seasonal mortality trends were also similar. There was no agreement between cause of death recorded by active and passive surveillance. Verbal autopsy estimated that half of all deaths were associated with malaria and pneumonia, but civil registration markedly under-reported these illnesses; incidence RR (95% Cl) 0.18 (0.14-0.24), and 0.05 (0.03-0.08), respectively, while over-reporting deaths due to measles (RR = 15.5 [95% CI 7.3-33.2]). Government statistics under-represent mortality, particularly neonatal mortality, in children less than five years of age in rural areas of Kenya. They can provide accurate information on the age-distribution of deaths among children 1-59 months old, and on seasonal trends, but not on disease-specific mortality. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Arudo, J (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 30 EP 37 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600007 PM 12749483 ER PT J AU Phillips-Howard, PA Nahlen, BL Wannemuehler, KA Kolczak, MS ter Kuile, FO Gimnig, JE Olson, K Alaii, JA Odhacha, A Vulule, JM Hawley, WA AF Phillips-Howard, PA Nahlen, BL Wannemuehler, KA Kolczak, MS ter Kuile, FO Gimnig, JE Olson, K Alaii, JA Odhacha, A Vulule, JM Hawley, WA TI Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on the incidence of sick child visits to peripheral health facilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA MORBIDITY; CURTAINS REDUCE; BURKINA-FASO; MORTALITY; PROGRAM; TANZANIA; BEDNETS AB During a randomized controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin) -treated bed nets (ITNs) in an area with intense malaria transmission in western Kenya, we monitored 20,915 sick child visits (SCVs) by children less than five years of age visiting seven peripheral health facilities. The SCVs were monitored over a four-year period both before (1995-1996) and during the intervention (1997-1998). Results are used to estimate the effect of ITNs on the burden of malaria in this community and to evaluate the potential role of these facilities in assessment of the impact of large-scale public health interventions. Compared with baseline, a 27% greater reduction in the incidence of SCVs was seen in ITN villages than in control villages (37% versus 10%; P = 0.049). A similar reduction was observed in SCVs diagnosed as malaria (35% reduction in ITN villages versus 5% reduction in controls; P = 0.04). Two-hundred sixteen SCVs per 1,000 child-years were prevented; three-fourths of these were in children less than 24 months old. As a consequence of lack of laboratory facilities, severe anemia was rarely (< 2%) diagnosed, regardless of intervention status. No effect of ITNs on the incidence of respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, and other commonly diagnosed childhood illnesses was observed. The ITNs reduced the number of SCVs due to malaria, but had no effect on other illnesses. Routine statistics from these facilities provided useful information on trends in malaria incidence, but underestimated the burden of severe anemia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenyan Minist Hlth, Off Prevent Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Phillips-Howard, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600008 PM 12749484 ER PT J AU Phillps-Howard, PA Wannemuehler, KA ter Kuile, FO Hawley, WA Kolczak, MS Odhacha, A Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL AF Phillps-Howard, PA Wannemuehler, KA ter Kuile, FO Hawley, WA Kolczak, MS Odhacha, A Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL TI Diagnostic and prescribing practices in peripheral health facilities in rural western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; MALARIA INFECTIONS; THERAPY EFFICACY; DRUG-RESISTANCE; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; POLICY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Health facility ledgers of 11 rural health facilities in western Kenya were reviewed to evaluate diagnostic and prescribing practices. Clinics lacked laboratory facilities. Of 14,267 sick child visits (SCVs), 76% were diagnosed with malaria and/or upper respiratory infections. Other diagnoses were recorded in less than 5% of SCVs. Although two-thirds of malaria cases were diagnosed with co-infections, less than 3% were concomitantly diagnosed with anemia. Chloroquine and penicillin constituted 94% of prescriptions. Half of children given a sole diagnosis of measles or pneumonia were prescribed chloroquine, and 22% of children with a sole diagnosis of malaria were given penicillin. Antimalarials other than chloroquine were rarely prescribed. Only 12% of children diagnosed with anemia were prescribed iron supplementation, while 53% received folic acid. This study highlights limited diagnostic and prescribing practices and a lack of adherence to national treatment guidelines in rural western Kenya. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenyan Minist Hlth, Off Prevent Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Phillps-Howard, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600009 PM 12749485 ER PT J AU ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Friedman, JF Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Kolczak, MS Lal, AA Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL AF ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Friedman, JF Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Kolczak, MS Lal, AA Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL TI Reduction of malaria during pregnancy by permethrin-treated bed nets in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PARASITEMIA; KASSENA-NANKANA DISTRICT; BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; PLACENTAL MALARIA; CHILD-MORTALITY; FULL-TERM AB The impact of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on malaria in pregnancy was studied in a rural area in western Kenya with intense perennial malaria transmission. All households in 40 of 79 villages were randomized to receive ITNs by January 1997. The ITNs were distributed in control villages two years later. Complete data on birth outcome were available on 2,754 (89.6%) of 3,072 deliveries. Women (n = 780) were followed monthly throughout pregnancy in 19 of 79 villages. Among gravidae 1-4, ITNs were associated with reductions of 38% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17-54%) in the incidence of malaria parasitemia and 47% (95% CI = 6-71%) in the incidence of severe malarial anemia (hemoglobin level < 8 g/dL with parasitemia) during pregnancy. At the time of delivery, mean hemoglobin levels were 0.6 g/dL (95% CI = 0.01-1.2 g/dL) higher, the prevalence of placental or maternal malaria was reduced by 35% (95% Cl = 20-47%), and the prevalence of low birth weight was reduced by 28% (95% Cl = 2-47%) in gravidae 1-4 from ITN villages. No beneficial impact was observed in gravidae five or higher. In areas of intense perennial malaria transmission, permethrin-treated bed nets reduce the adverse effect of malaria during the first four pregnancies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Friedman, Jennifer/0000-0001-5804-9921 NR 56 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 50 EP 60 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600010 PM 12749486 ER PT J AU Kariuki, SK ter Kuile, FO Wannemuehler, K Terlouw, DJ Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Phillips-Howard, PA Orago, ASS Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Shi, YP AF Kariuki, SK ter Kuile, FO Wannemuehler, K Terlouw, DJ Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Phillips-Howard, PA Orago, ASS Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Shi, YP TI Effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on immunity to malaria in western Kenya I. Antibody responses in pregnant women and cord blood in an area of intense malaria transmission SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; 19-KILODALTON DOMAIN; INFECTION; ANTIGENS; INFANTS; STAGE; CELL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUPPRESSION AB As part of a community-based group-randomized trial on the impact of permethrin-treated bed nets (ITNs) on malaria in pregnancy in a holoendemic area of western Kenya, we assessed their effects on antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens (recombinant circumsporozoite protein [CSP] and peptides complimentary to the repeat region of the liver stage antigen-1 [LSA-1]) and blood stage antigen (recombinant C-terminal domain of the merozoite surface protein-1 [MSP-1(19) kD]) in paired maternal/cord plasma samples obtained from 296 deliveries (157 from ITN villages and 139 control villages). Levels of total IgG and IgG subclasses 1-3 to LSA-1 and total IgG and IgG3 to MSP-1 were lower, whereas those of total IgG to CSP were significantly higher in women from ITN villages than those from control villages. In cord plasma, levels of total IgG and IgG2 to LSA-1 and IgG3 to MSP-1 were lower in ITN villages than in control villages, but antibody responses to CSP were similar. Our results suggest that the use of ITNs decreases antibody responses to LSA-1 and MSP-1 antigens in pregnant women with associated reductions in levels of the same antibodies in cord blood. In contrast, ITN use was found to be associated with increased antibody responses to CSP in pregnant women, but had no effect on antibody levels to CSP in cord blood. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Kariuki, SK (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600011 PM 12749487 ER PT J AU ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ Kariuki, SK Phillips-Howard, PA Mirel, LB Hawley, WA Friedman, JF Shi, YP Kolczak, MS Lal, AA Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL AF ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ Kariuki, SK Phillips-Howard, PA Mirel, LB Hawley, WA Friedman, JF Shi, YP Kolczak, MS Lal, AA Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL TI Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria, anemia, and growth in infants in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; INFECTION; EXPOSURE AB As part of a community-based, group-randomized, controlled trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in an area with intense malaria transmission in western Kenya, a birth cohort (n = 833) was followed monthly until the age of 24 months to determine the potential beneficial and adverse effects of reduced malaria exposure during pregnancy and infancy. Malaria transmission and morbidity were comparable pre-intervention. The ITNs reduced malaria attack rates (force of infection) in infancy by 74%, and delayed the median time-to-first parasitemia (4.5 to 10.7 months; P < 0.0001). The incidence of both clinical malaria and moderate-severe anemia (hemoglobin level <7 g/dL) were reduced by 60% (P < 0.001 for both). Protective efficacy was greatest in infants less than three months old and similar in older infants and one-year-old children. Efficacy was lowest in the dry season. Infants from ITN villages experienced better height and weight gain. In areas of intense perennial malaria transmission, ITNs substantially reduce exposure to malaria and subsequent malaria-associated morbidity in children less than 24 months old. Reduced malaria exposure during infancy did not result, with continued ITN use, in increased malaria morbidity in one-year-old children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Friedman, Jennifer/0000-0001-5804-9921 NR 39 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 68 EP 77 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600012 PM 12749488 ER PT J AU Friedman, JF Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Terlouw, DJ Kolczak, MS Barber, M Okello, N Vulule, JM Duggan, C Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, FO AF Friedman, JF Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Terlouw, DJ Kolczak, MS Barber, M Okello, N Vulule, JM Duggan, C Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, FO TI Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on growth, nutritional status, and body composition of primary school children in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; FACTOR-ALPHA; HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; MORTALITY; INFECTION; AREA; MASS; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) have been demonstrated to reduce morbidity and mortality in children less than five years of age. They have also been shown to improve the nutritional status of these children, but little is known about their impact on the nutritional status of school-age children. We evaluated the impact of ITNs on growth, nutritional status, and body composition of primary schoolchildren less than 13 years of age living in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. The ITNs did not have a significant impact on linear growth or summary measures of protein-energy malnutrition in this age group. This lack of efficacy most likely relates to the reduced burden of malaria in this age group in a setting of stable transmission pressure. Use of ITNs was associated with a change in body composition with an increase in percent lean body mass (1.2%; P = 0.04). This may be consequent to reduced exposure to malaria with subsequent reduced elaboration of pro-inflammatory cytokines known to promote muscle wasting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Boston Childrens Hosp, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Friedman, JF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Int Hlth Inst, Box G-B495, Providence, RI 02912 USA. OI Friedman, Jennifer/0000-0001-5804-9921 NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600013 PM 12749489 ER PT J AU Leenstra, T Phillips-Howard, PA Kariuki, SK Hawley, WA Alaii, JA Rosen, DH Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL Kager, PA ter Kuile, FO AF Leenstra, T Phillips-Howard, PA Kariuki, SK Hawley, WA Alaii, JA Rosen, DH Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL Kager, PA ter Kuile, FO TI Permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of malaria and anemia in adolescent schoolgirls in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; CHILD-MORTALITY; FULL-TERM; MORBIDITY; AFRICA; AREA; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHLOROQUINE AB The impact of insecticide (permethrin) -treated bed nets (ITNs) on the health of adolescent schoolgirls was investigated during a community-based, randomized, controlled trial of ITNs in western Kenya. Two school-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria and anemia in 644 schoolgirls 12-18 years old in a rural area with intense perennial malaria transmission. In 12- and 13-year-old schoolgirls, ITNs were associated with a reduced prevalence of all cause anemia (hemoglobin level <12 g/dL, 16.9% versus 31.4%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21, 0.69%) and a 0.34 g/dL (95% CI = 0.02, 0.66) increase in mean hemoglobin concentrations. No beneficial effect on all-cause anemia (adjusted OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.43, 1.45) or hemoglobin concentrations (difference in mean = 0.14 g/dL, 95% CI = -0.24, 0.53) was evident in older girls. In all age groups, no effect was found on malaria parasite prevalence or density, clinical malaria, all-cause morbidity, standard measures of nutritional status and growth, or the use of antimalarials and other medications. ITNs approximately halved the prevalence of mild anemia in young, school-attending, non-pregnant, adolescent girls, but had no impact in older girls or on other malaria-associated morbidity or nutritional status. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Res Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Vector Biol & Control, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Leenstra, T (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 86 EP 93 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600014 PM 12749490 ER PT J AU Kwena, AM Terlouw, DJ De Vlas, SJ Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Friedman, JF Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL Sauerwein, RW ter Kuile, FO AF Kwena, AM Terlouw, DJ De Vlas, SJ Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Friedman, JF Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL Sauerwein, RW ter Kuile, FO TI Prevalence and severity of malnutrition in pre-school children in a rural area of western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; TRANSMISSION; COHORT; GROWTH; SITE AB We determined the nutritional status of children less than five years of age in an area in rural western Kenya with intense malaria transmission, a high prevalence of severe anemia and human immunodeficiency virus, and high infant and under-five mortality (176/1,000 and 259/1,000). No information is available on the prevalence of malnutrition in this area. Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted between 1996 and 1998 to monitor the effect of insecticide-treated bed nets on child morbidity. Anthropometric indices are presented for 2,103 children collected prior to and during intervention (controls only). The prevalence of stunting (Z-scores for height-for-age [HAZ] <-2), wasting (Z-scores for weight-for-height [WHZ] <-2) and being underweight (Z-scores for weight-for-age [WAZ] <-2) was 30%, 4%, and 20%, respectively. This was severe (Z-score <-3) in 12% (stunting), 1% (wasting), and 5% (underweight) of the children. Few children less than three months of age were malnourished (<2%), but height-for-age and weight-forage deficits increased rapidly in children 3-18 months of age, and were greatest in children 18-23 months old (44% stunted and 34% underweight). While the mean HAZ and WAZ stabilized from 24 months of age onwards, they still remained substantially below the reference median with no evidence of catch-up growth. Malnutrition is likely to interact with infectious diseases, placing children 3-24 months of age at high risk of premature death in this area. C1 Moi Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem Med, Eldoret, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Med Ctr St Radboud, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Erasmus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Kwena, AM (reprint author), Moi Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem Med, Eldoret, Kenya. RI Sauerwein, Robert/C-8519-2013; OI Friedman, Jennifer/0000-0001-5804-9921 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 94 EP 99 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600015 PM 12749491 ER PT J AU ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Friedman, JF Kolczak, MS Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Kwena, AM Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL AF ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ Phillips-Howard, PA Hawley, WA Friedman, JF Kolczak, MS Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Kwena, AM Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL TI Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria and all-cause morbidity in young children in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya: Cross-sectional survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; BURKINA-FASO; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; CURTAINS REDUCE; MORTALITY; TANZANIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; DISTRICT AB Information on the impact of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) from randomized controlled trials in areas of intense perennial malaria transmission is limited. As part of a large-scale, community-based, group-randomized controlled trial of the effect of ITNs on childhood mortality in a holoendemic area in western Kenya, we conducted three cross-sectional surveys in 60 villages to assess the impact of ITNs on morbidity in 1,890 children less than three years old. Children in ITN and control villages were comparable pre-intervention, but after the introduction of ITNs, children in intervention villages were less likely to have recently experienced illness requiring treatment (protective efficacy [95% confidence intervals] = 15% [1-26%]), have an enlarged spleen (32% [20-43%]), be parasitemic (19% [11-27%]), have clinical malaria (44% [6-66%]), have moderately severe anemia (hemoglobin level < 7.0 g/dL; 39% [18-54%]), or have a pruritic body rash, presumably from reduced nuisance insect bites (38% [24-50%]). Use of ITNs was also associated with significantly higher mean weight-for-age Z-scores and mid-upper arm circumferences. There was no evidence, however, that ITNs reduced the risk of helminth infections, diarrhea, or upper or lower respiratory tract infections. The ITNs substantially reduced malaria-associated morbidity and improved weight gain in young children in this area of intense perennial malaria transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Moi Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med Biochem, Eldoret, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Friedman, Jennifer/0000-0001-5804-9921 NR 41 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 100 EP 107 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600016 PM 12749492 ER PT J AU Kariuki, SK Lal, AA Terlouw, DJ ter Kuile, FO Ong'echa, JM Phillips-Howard, PA Orago, ASS Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL Shi, YP AF Kariuki, SK Lal, AA Terlouw, DJ ter Kuile, FO Ong'echa, JM Phillips-Howard, PA Orago, ASS Kolczak, MS Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL Shi, YP TI Effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on immunity to malaria in western Kenya II. Antibody responses in young children in an area of intense malaria transmission SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; 19-KILODALTON DOMAIN; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; BEDNETS; PARASITEMIA AB As part of a large community-based trial on the impact of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on childhood morbidity and mortality in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya, we assessed the effects of ITNs on malaria-specific humoral responses in young children. The IgG responses to Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1) and the blood stage antigen merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1(19) kD) in children less than three years old were investigated during a series of cross-sectional surveys. At 14 and 22 months after the introduction of ITNs, the frequencies and levels of IgG to CSP and LSA-1 were significantly lower in children from ITN villages than in children from control villages (P < 0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of IgG to MSP-1 was significantly higher in children from ITN villages at 14 months (P = 0.0069), but not at 22 months. Our results show that decreased exposure by ITNs reduces IgG responses to pre-erythrocytic antigens, but there was no evidence that two years of ITN use compromises IgG responses to blood stage antigens in these young children in this malaria holoendemic area. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Kariuki, SK (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 108 EP 114 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600017 PM 12749493 ER PT J AU Gimnig, JE Kolczak, MS Hightower, AW Vulule, JM Schoute, E Kamau, L Phillips-Howard, PA ter Kuile, FO Nahlen, BL Hawley, WA AF Gimnig, JE Kolczak, MS Hightower, AW Vulule, JM Schoute, E Kamau, L Phillips-Howard, PA ter Kuile, FO Nahlen, BL Hawley, WA TI Effect of permethrin-treated bed nets on the spatial distribution of malaria vectors in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; EXPERIMENTAL HUT TRIALS; MOSQUITO NETS; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; CHILD-MORTALITY; BURKINA-FASO; INSECTICIDE; TRANSMISSION; DISTRICT AB The effect of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on the spatial distribution of malaria vectors in neighboring villages lacking ITNs was studied during a randomized controlled trial of ITN's in western Kenya. There was a trend of decreased abundance of Anopheles gambiae with decreasing distance from intervention villages both before (P = 0.027) and after (P = 0.002) introduction of ITNs, but this trend was significantly stronger after ITNs were introduced (P = 0.05). For An. funestus, no pre-intervention trend was observed (P = 0.373), but after the intervention, a trend of decreased abundance with closer proximity to intervention compounds developed (P = 0.027). Reduction in mosquito populations in villages lacking ITN's was most apparent in compounds located within 600 meters of intervention villages. Sporozoite infection rates decreased in control areas following the introduction of ITNs (P < 0.001 for both species), but no spatial association was detected between sporozoite rates and distance to nearest intervention village. We conclude that high coverage of ITNs is associated with a community-wide suppression of mosquito populations that is detectable in neighboring villages lacking ITNs, thereby affording individuals residing in these villages some protection against malaria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Biotechnol Res & Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Gimnig, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600018 PM 12749494 ER PT J AU Hawley, WA Phillips-Howard, PA ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ Vulule, JM Ombok, M Nahlen, BL Gimnig, JE Kariuki, SK Kolczak, MS Hightower, AW AF Hawley, WA Phillips-Howard, PA ter Kuile, FO Terlouw, DJ Vulule, JM Ombok, M Nahlen, BL Gimnig, JE Kariuki, SK Kolczak, MS Hightower, AW TI Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BEDNETS; TANZANIA; IMPACT AB Spatial analyses of the effect of insecticide (permethrin) -treated bed nets (ITNs) on nearby households both with and without ITNs was performed in the context of a large-scale, group-randomized, controlled mortality trial in Asembo, western Kenya. Results illustrate a protective effect of ITNs on compounds lacking ITNs located within 300 meters of compounds with ITNs for child mortality, moderate anemia, high-density parasitemia, and hemoglobin levels. This community effect on nearby compounds without nets is approximately as strong as the effect observed within villages with ITNs. This implies that in areas with intense malaria transmission with high ITN coverage, the primary effect of insecticide-treated nets is via area-wide effects on the mosquito population and not, as commonly supposed, by simple imposition of a physical barrier protecting individuals from biting. The strength of the community effect depended upon the proportion of nearby compounds with treated nets. To maximize their public health impact, high coverage with treated nets is essential. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Hawley, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 261 Z9 262 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600019 PM 12749495 ER PT J AU Alaii, JA Van den Borne, HW Kachur, SP Shelley, K Mwenesi, H Vulule, JM Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL Phillips-Howard, PA AF Alaii, JA Van den Borne, HW Kachur, SP Shelley, K Mwenesi, H Vulule, JM Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL Phillips-Howard, PA TI Community reactions to the introduction of permethrin-treated bed nets for malaria control during a randomized controlled trial in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CURTAINS; BEDNETS AB Prior to implementation of a randomized controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin) -treated bed nets (ITNs) in western Kenya, ethnographic studies were conducted to understand local perceptions of disease, sleeping patterns, and other factors that might affect use of ITNs. Educational activities took place prior to distribution, but immediately after distribution in Asembo only approximately half of the ITNs were in use. A qualitative study was then conducted to identify the community's perceptions about ITNs and the ITN project. While participants ranked malaria as important and recognized that malaria prevention could be beneficial, they believed ITNs would be only partly effective due to the perception that malaria has multiple causes. Concerns expressed included fear of the insecticide, thought by some to be a toxic family planning aid, the taking of blood during clinical studies, and the mixing up of family ITNs during net re-treatment, which would violate cultural taboos. Attempts were made to allay fears by improved communication on these subjects and modification of the study design. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Maastricht Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth Promot, Maastricht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Alaii, JA (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 128 EP 136 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600020 PM 12749496 ER PT J AU Alaii, JA Hawley, WA Kolczak, MS ter Kuile, FO Gimnig, JE Vulule, JM Odhacha, A Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL Phillips-Howard, PA AF Alaii, JA Hawley, WA Kolczak, MS ter Kuile, FO Gimnig, JE Vulule, JM Odhacha, A Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL Phillips-Howard, PA TI Factors affecting use of permethrin-treated bed nets during a randomized controlled trial in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; CHILD-MORTALITY; MALARIA; DISTRICT; GHANA; MORBIDITY; RATES AB Adherence with permethrin-treated bed net (ITN) use and their proper deployment was directly observed in 2,178 individuals (784 households) participating in a large-scale trial of ITNs on child mortality in western Kenya. The ITNs were distributed free of charge to ensure high coverage, resulting in a ratio of 1.46 persons per ITN. Approximately 30% of ITNs present were unused. The overall percentage adherence was 72.3%. The probability of adherence by individuals depended strongly on age (relative risk [RR] = 0.86, 95% confidence limit [CL] - 0.78-0.94), in which children less than five years of age were less likely to use ITNs than older individuals, and temperature, in which ITNs were more likely to be used in periods of cooler weather. A marginally significant diminution in adherence during the second year of the project was also observed (RR = 0.83, 95% CL = 0.68-1.01). Mosquito numbers, relative wealth, number of house occupants, and the educational level of the head of the household had no effect on adherence. In unstructured questioning of house residents, excessive heat was often cited as a reason for not deploying the child's ITN. The most important reason for non-adherence was disruption of sleeping arrangements, indicating that ITNs were not readily redeployed in the face of shifting sleeping patterns due to visitors, funerals, house construction, and other events. Challenges faced by health education programs to maximize adherence with ITN use are discussed. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Alaii, JA (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 17 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600021 PM 12749497 ER PT J AU Alaii, JA Van den Borne, HW Kachur, SP Mwenesi, H Vulule, JM Hawley, WA Meltzer, MI Nahlen, BL Phillips-Howard, PA AF Alaii, JA Van den Borne, HW Kachur, SP Mwenesi, H Vulule, JM Hawley, WA Meltzer, MI Nahlen, BL Phillips-Howard, PA TI Perceptions of bed nets and malaria prevention before and after a randomized controlled trial of permethrin-treated bed nets in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE; COMMUNITY; TANZANIA; BEDNETS; RATES AB A study of mothers' perceptions regarding bed nets and malaria was conducted before and after a randomized controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin) -treated bed nets (ITNs) in western Kenya. Awareness about the trial and the rationale for bed net use increased by the end of the trial. Knowledge that mosquitoes caused malaria also increased; however, a higher proportion of mothers from control, rather than intervention villages, cited this (44.4% versus 27.9%; P < 0.001). Mothers from intervention villages were more knowledgeable about the use and maintenance of bed nets and re-treatment with insecticide. Both groups specified advantages of ITNs. Mothers from intervention villages noted practical advantages such as protection against bedbugs and falling roof debris. Few (< 1%) mothers indicated that ITNs protected children against malaria. Intervention homes used significantly fewer mosquito coils, insect spray, medicines, and burned cow dung less often compared with those in control villages. Mothers were willing to pay approximately U.S. $ 4.5 for a regular bed net, but only U.S. 10.5 cents (intervention) and 0.036 (control) for re-treating a bed net. This study suggests that, despite two years of experience of use, bed nets and insecticides would not be purchased as a household priority in this impoverished rural community. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Maastricht Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Hlth Promot, Maastricht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Alaii, JA (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 142 EP 148 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600022 PM 12749498 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Terlouw, DJ Kolczak, MS Odhacha, A ter Kuile, FO Vulule, JM Alaii, JA Nahlen, BL Hawley, WA Phillips-Howard, PA AF Meltzer, MI Terlouw, DJ Kolczak, MS Odhacha, A ter Kuile, FO Vulule, JM Alaii, JA Nahlen, BL Hawley, WA Phillips-Howard, PA TI The household-level economics of using permethrin-treated bed nets to prevent malaria in children less than five years of age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED MOSQUITO NETS; KASSENA-NANKANA DISTRICT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; BURKINA-FASO; INSECTICIDE; MORTALITY; AFRICA; BEDNETS; MORBIDITY AB We measured the two-week household-level economic impact of insecticide (permethrin) -treated bed nets (ITNs) used to prevent malaria among children less than five years of age in Asembo, Kenya. The ITNs induced a two-week reduction of 15 Kenyan shillings (KSH) (U.S. $0.25; P < 0.0001) in health care expenditures, but a statistically insignificant 0.5 day (P = 0.280) reduction in household time lost due to caring for sick children. The equivalent annual threshold cost was estimated at U.S. $6.50 (95% confidence interval = 3.12-9.86). If the actual purchase price and maintenance costs of ITNs were greater than this threshold, then households would pay more than they would save (and vice-versa). Both seasonal effects and number of children per household had larger impacts than ITNs on health care expenditures and time lost from household activities. Health care expenditures by a household without ITNs and one child were only 32 KSH per two weeks (U.S. $0.50; P = 0.002), leaving little opportunity for household-level, ITN-induced direct savings. The widespread adoption of the ITNs will therefore probably require a subsidy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D-59,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 149 EP 160 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600023 PM 12749499 ER PT J AU Wiseman, V Hawley, WA ter Kuile, FO Phillips-Howard, PA Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL Mills, AJ AF Wiseman, V Hawley, WA ter Kuile, FO Phillips-Howard, PA Vulule, JM Nahlen, BL Mills, AJ TI The cost-effectiveness of permethrin-treated bed nets in an area of intense malaria transmission in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID KASSENA-NANKANA DISTRICT; CHILD-MORTALITY; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; BURKINA-FASO; MORBIDITY; AFRICA; PROGRAM; GHANA; TRIAL AB This study compared the costs and effects of insecticide (permethrin) -treated bed net (ITN) use in children less than five years of age in an area of intense, perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. The data were derived from a group-randomized controlled trial of ITNs conducted between 1996 and 1999. The annual net cost per life-year gained was U.S. $34 and the net annual cost per all-cause sick child clinic visit averted was U.S. $49. After taking into account a community effect (protection from malaria afforded to non-ITN users who lived within 300 meters from users) these estimates decreased to U.S. $25 and U.S. $38, respectively. This study provides further evidence that ITNs are a highly cost-effective use of scarce health care resources. C1 London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Econ & Financing Programme & Gates Malaria P, London WC1B 3DP, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Wiseman, V (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Econ & Financing Programme & Gates Malaria P, 50 Bedford Sq, London WC1B 3DP, England. OI Mills, Anne/0000-0001-9863-9950 NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600024 PM 12749500 ER PT J AU Hawley, WA ter Kuile, FO Steketee, RS Nahlen, BL Terlouw, DJ Gimnig, JE Shi, YP Vulule, JM Alaii, JA Hightower, AW Kolczak, MS Kariuki, SK Phillips-Howard, PA AF Hawley, WA ter Kuile, FO Steketee, RS Nahlen, BL Terlouw, DJ Gimnig, JE Shi, YP Vulule, JM Alaii, JA Hightower, AW Kolczak, MS Kariuki, SK Phillips-Howard, PA TI Implications of the western Kenya permethrin-treated bed net study for policy, program implementation, and future research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA-ENDEMIC AREA; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; CHILD-MORTALITY; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PREGNANT-WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; MORBIDITY; TANZANIA; IMPACT AB The fifth, and probably last, large-scale, group-randomized, controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin)treated bed nets (ITNs) showed that ITNs are efficacious in reducing all-cause post-neonatal mortality in an area of intense, perennial malaria transmission. The trial helped to define pregnant women and infants as target groups for this intervention in high transmission settings. High population coverage with ITNs in both target and non-target groups may be critical to enhance health and survival in pregnant women and infants. The proportion of households with ITNs (coverage), the proportion of individuals properly deploying ITNs each night (adherence), and the proportion of nets properly treated with insecticide (treatment) are the three key determinants of effectiveness of large-scale ITN programs. These three simple outcomes should serve as the basis for program objectives and monitoring and evaluation efforts. Coverage effects and economic analysis support the proposition that ITNs may be viewed as a public good, worthy of public support. Research should continue to improve the intervention tools (the net, the insecticide, and methods for durable treatment and re-treatment) and their deployment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Hawley, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 45 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 SU S BP 168 EP 173 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 672HR UT WOS:000182515600025 PM 12749501 ER PT J AU Zucker, JR Ruebush, TK Obonyo, C Otieno, J Campbell, CC AF Zucker, JR Ruebush, TK Obonyo, C Otieno, J Campbell, CC TI The mortality consequences of the continued use of chloroquine in Africa: Experience in Siaya, western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CHILDREN; THERAPY; DISASTER; IMPACT; GABON; AREA AB In spite of increasing resistance, chloroquine remains the primary drug for treatment of malaria in most sub-Saharan African countries. We evaluated the effect of drug treatment policy on the case-fatality rates of children, adjusting for differing distributions of malaria and severe anemia. In 1991, 63% of children were treated with chloroquine while the remaining 37% were treated with a regimen that would eliminate and clear parasitemia. Case-fatality rates were 13% and 4.1%, respectively; the proportion of deaths attributable to chloroquine treatment was 69%. The trend in case-fatality rates for malaria decreased as an increasing proportion of children received an effective treatment regimen; adjusted malaria case-fatality rates were 5.1%, 3.6%, and 3.3% in 1992,1993, and 1994, respectively, when 85% of children in 1992 and 97% of children in 1993-1994 received effective therapy. These 4 years of data provide strong evidence that continued use of chloroquine in areas with resistance is contributing to excess Plasmodium falciparum-related deaths. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Immunizat Program, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Sect, Epidemiol Branch,Us Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Ser, Atlanta, GA 34031 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Clin Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Siaya Dist Hosp, Siaya, Kenya. RP Zucker, JR (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Immunizat Program, 2 Lafayette St,19th Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 BP 386 EP 390 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 670RX UT WOS:000182423600006 PM 12879851 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Roberts, JM AF Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Roberts, JM TI A retrospective examination of anemia during infection of humans with Plasmodium vivax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB A retrospective examination was made of archival data on 98 patient episodes of infection with Plasmodium vivax occurring over a period of 4-11 weeks to document changes in hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations associated with continuing parasitemia. The mean percentage change in the Hb concentration for each of the 10 seven-day intervals was -13.4, -10.9, -4.8 0.12 0.94, 4.0, 0.69 11.6 2.4, and 8.3, respectively. An equilibrium appeared to be established between weeks 4 and 6. Decreases in Hb concentrations were greatest following the first week of parasitemia. Total restoration to preinfection levels did not occur during persistent parasitemia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 BP 410 EP 412 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 670RX UT WOS:000182423600010 PM 12875288 ER PT J AU De Benedictis, J Chow-Shaffer, E Costero, A Clark, GG Edman, JD Scott, TW AF De Benedictis, J Chow-Shaffer, E Costero, A Clark, GG Edman, JD Scott, TW TI Identification of the people from whom engorged Aedes aegypti took blood meals in Florida, Puerto Rico, using polymerase chain reaction-based DNA profiling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PLUS SUGAR; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; DENGUE; TRANSMISSION; THAILAND; MOSQUITOS; FECUNDITY; SURVIVAL AB We used polymerase chain reaction-based DNA profiling to construct allelic profiles for residents and visitors of 22 houses in Florida, Puerto Rico, and human DNA from blood meals in Aedes aegypti that were collected in those homes. Complete profiles were obtained for less than or equal to 2 days after blood ingestion. Eighteen percent of the meals came from two different people. There was no evidence of meals from greater than or equal to 2 people. Eighty percent of the meal sources were identified, > 70% were taken from residents of the collection house, and > 90% were from residents of the study community. Across the community, feeding was non-random with a bias towards young adults and males. Three people accounted for 56% of the meals. Our results confirm that multiple feeding on different people is an important component in the role of Ae. aegypti in dengue virus transmission and help explain the spatial distribution of dengue cases in a previous epidemic in Florida, Puerto Rico. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Scott, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM twscott@ucdavis.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-22119] NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 BP 437 EP 446 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 670RX UT WOS:000182423600015 PM 12875293 ER PT J AU Wunderli, PS Dreesen, DW Miller, TJ Baer, GM AF Wunderli, PS Dreesen, DW Miller, TJ Baer, GM TI Effect of heterogeneity of rabies virus strain and challenge route on efficacy of inactivated rabies vaccines in mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; POTENCY AB Objective-To determine effect of route of challenge and strain of rabies virus on efficacy of inactivated rabies vaccines in mice. Animals-3,056 mice. Procedure-Challenge was performed with fixed and street rabies virus strains by use of footpad and intracerebral routes as well as IM injection into the hip, shoulder, neck, and masseter muscles. Intraperitoneal and IM vaccination was performed with I or 2 doses of 1 of 3 vaccine-strain inactivated rabies vaccines. For 2 of the vaccine strains, the vaccines were adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted. Results-Incubation periods were dependent on route, dose, and virus strain used for challenge. Use of an intra-masseter challenge route with challenge virus-strain rabies virus, which more accurately models natural exposure to rabies virus, resulted in reproducible mortality rates in mice. Use of this route revealed that differences among vaccines and challenge virus strains affected mortality rate less than that observed in the National Institutes of Health potency test, even when street isolates of widely variant origin were used for challenge. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-These results, combined with earlier data, support a proposal for a new rabies potency test that more closely models current vaccine administration practices and natural infection routes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Lab, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Care Facil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wunderli, PS (reprint author), Immunogen Inc, 128 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 64 IS 4 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.499 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661DM UT WOS:000181876000018 PM 12693543 ER PT J AU de Heide, EA AF de Heide, EA TI Convergence behavior in disasters SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DHHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP de Heide, EA (reprint author), US DHHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Educ & Promot, Mailstop E-33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA USA. EM eaa9@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 463 EP 466 DI 10.1067/mem.2003.126 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 661CB UT WOS:000181872700005 ER PT J AU Besser, RE AF Besser, RE TI Antimicrobial prescribing in the United States: Good news, bad news SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID APPROPRIATE ANTIBIOTIC USE; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PHARYNGITIS; MANAGEMENT; PRINCIPLES; ADULTS; GUIDELINES; DIAGNOSIS; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd MS C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 7 BP 605 EP 606 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 661BV UT WOS:000181872100013 PM 12667034 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Bridges, CB AF Meltzer, MI Bridges, CB TI Economic analysis of influenza vaccination and treatment SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HEALTHY WORKING ADULTS; COST-BENEFIT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 7 BP 608 EP 608 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 661BV UT WOS:000181872100017 PM 12667038 ER PT J AU Nakagawa, J Hashimoto, K Cordon-Rosales, C Yuarez, JA Trampe, R Marroquin, M AF Nakagawa, J Hashimoto, K Cordon-Rosales, C Yuarez, JA Trampe, R Marroquin, M TI The impact of vector control on Triatoma dimidiata in the Guatemalan department of Jutiapa SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In 2000, a national control operation against the triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, based on house spraying with residual pyrethroid insecticides, was initiated in Guatemala. The impact of the operation against Triatoma dimidiata in the most heavily infested department, Jutiapa, was evaluated by pre- and post-spraying surveys of the vector populations. Of the houses checked for Tri dimidiata in the baseline surveys, 18.3% were found to be infested with the bug, and in 12.1% of the villages investigated more than half of the houses were found to be infested. The later survey was conducted after 24,250 houses and their associated peridomestic structures (in the 336 villages in which > 5% of the houses had been found infested in the pre-spraying survey) had been sprayed. As a result of just this one round of spraying, the mean percentage of houses found infested in each of the villages surveyed twice fell from 36.0% to 8.9%. After the spraying, the percentage of houses infested in each sprayed village was never > 50%, and the houses in 35.2%, of the sprayed villages that were re-surveyed appeared to have been completely cleared of triatomine bugs. Re-infestation and colonization were mainly observed inside the houses, probably indicating that some indoor bugs survived the spraying round. If the department of Jutiapa is to be freed and kept free from domestic infestation, the efficacy of the insecticide spraying needs to be improved, spraying techniques need to be reviewed, and insecticides need to be re-applied at regular intervals. An effective vector-surveillance system (preferably one in which community participation is encouraged) is also essential. C1 Japan Int Cooperat Agcy, Chagas Dis Vector Control Project, Shizuoka 4260082, Japan. WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Unidad Prevenc & Control Enfermedades, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Hlth Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Minist Salud Publ & Asistencia Social, Programa Enfermedades Transmitidas Vectores, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Minist Salud Publ & Asistencia Social, Area Salud Jutiapa, Jutiapa, Guatemala. RP Nakagawa, J (reprint author), Japan Int Cooperat Agcy, Chagas Dis Vector Control Project, 2-2-15 Seko, Shizuoka 4260082, Japan. EM junnakagawa@hotmail.com NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 EI 1364-8594 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 97 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1179/000349803235001895 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 686ZV UT WOS:000183352100008 PM 12803860 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Perdreau-Remington, F Chambers, HF AF Moore, MR Perdreau-Remington, F Chambers, HF TI Vancomycin treatment failure associated with heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with endocarditis and in the rabbit model of endocarditis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANT; RIFAMPIN; INVITRO; TEICOPLANIN; COMBINATION; INFECTIONS; BINDING; INVIVO AB Heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin is thought to precede emergence of intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus, but the clinical significance of heterogeneous resistance is unknown. Paired S. aureus isolates from a patient with endocarditis who relapsed after vancomycin treatment were tested for heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. The pretreatment and the relapse clinical isolates (strains SF1 and SF2, respectively) were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Susceptibility to vancomycin was assessed by the broth dilution method, population analysis, and time-kill studies and in the rabbit model of endocarditis. Strains SF1 and SF2 had similar genotypes, and the vancomycin MICs for the strains were less than or equal to2 mug/ml. SF2 exhibited heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. Vancomycin eradicated SF1 in the rabbit model of endocarditis, while SF2 persisted at pretreatment levels. Vancomycin treatment failure in this patient with endocarditis was attributable to heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43959] NR 24 TC 98 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1262 EP 1266 DI 10.1128/AAC.47.4.1262-1266.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 660PR UT WOS:000181842000013 PM 12654656 ER PT J AU Miriagou, V Tzouvelekis, LS Rossiter, S Tzelepi, E Angulo, FJ Whichard, JA AF Miriagou, V Tzouvelekis, LS Rossiter, S Tzelepi, E Angulo, FJ Whichard, JA TI Imipenem resistance in a Salmonella clinical strain due to plasmid-mediated class a carbapenemase KPC-2 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYZING BETA-LACTAMASE; EXTENDED-SPECTRUM; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TYPHIMURIUM; OUTBREAK; GENE; CEPHALOSPORINS; INTEGRON; CLONING AB A Salmonella enterica serotype Cubana isolate exhibiting resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, including oxyimino-cephalosporins and imipenem, was isolated from a 4-year-old boy with gastroenteritis in Maryland. beta-Lactam resistance was mediated by a conjugative plasmid that encoded KPC-2, a class A carbapenemase previously found in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from the Maryland area as well. Sequence analysis of the flanking regions indicated a potential association of bla(KPC-2) with mobile structures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. Univ Athens, Hellen Pasteur Inst, Bacteriol Lab, Athens, Greece. RP Whichard, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G29,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 115 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1297 EP 1300 DI 10.1128/AAC.47.4.1297-1300.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 660PR UT WOS:000181842000018 PM 12654661 ER PT J AU Crowell, AL Sanders-Lewis, KA Secor, WE AF Crowell, AL Sanders-Lewis, KA Secor, WE TI In vitro metronidazole and tinidazole activities against metronidazole-resistant strains of Trichomonas vaginalis SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; WOMEN; MEN AB The in vitro activities of tinidazole and metronidazole against Trichomonas vaginalis isolates clinically resistant to metronidazole were compared. Minimal lethal concentrations (MLCs) of tinidazole were significantly lower than MLCs of metronidazole. Increased metronidazole resistance correlated with increased tinidazole resistance. These data support a role for tinidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. VA Med Ctr, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2003 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1407 EP 1409 DI 10.1128/AAC.47.4.1407-1409.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 660PR UT WOS:000181842000036 PM 12654679 ER PT J AU Rose, LJ Donlan, R Banerjee, SN Arduino, MJ AF Rose, LJ Donlan, R Banerjee, SN Arduino, MJ TI Survival of Yersinia pestis on environmental surfaces SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIA AB The survival of two strains of Yersinia pestis (avirulent A1122 and virulent Harbin) on the surfaces of four materials was investigated. Viability was evaluated with epilluorescence microscopy by using the metabolic stain cyanoditolyl tetrazolium chloride and plate counts. Small numbers of cells suspended in phosphate buffer survived 2 to 4 h after visible drying on stainless steel, polyethylene, or glass and beyond 48 h on paper. Cells suspended in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) persisted more than 72 h on stainless steel, polyethylene, and glass. Small numbers of cells suspended in BHI were still viable at 120 h on paper. These data suggest that Y. pestis maintains viability for extended periods (last measured at 5 days) under controlled conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rose, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 2166 EP 2171 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.4.2166-2171.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 665ZU UT WOS:000182151800039 PM 12676697 ER PT J AU DeStefano, F Verstraeten, T Jackson, LA Okoro, CA Benson, P Black, SB Shinefield, HR Mullooly, JP Likosky, W Chen, RT AF DeStefano, F Verstraeten, T Jackson, LA Okoro, CA Benson, P Black, SB Shinefield, HR Mullooly, JP Likosky, W Chen, RT CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Res Grp TI Vaccinations and risk of central nervous system demyelinating diseases in adults SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; OPTIC NEURITIS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; TRANSVERSE MYELITIS; RUBELLA VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; NEUROPATHY; MEASLES; MUMPS AB Background: Several case reports of the onset or exacerbation of multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating conditions shortly after vaccination have suggested that vaccines may increase the risk of demyelinating diseases. Objective: To evaluate the association between vaccination and onset of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. Design: Case-control study involving cases of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis among adults 18 to 49 years of age. Data on vaccinations and other risk factors were obtained from computerized and paper medical records and from telephone interviews. Setting: Three health maintenance organizations. Participants: Four hundred forty case subjects and 950 control subjects matched on health maintenance organization, sex, and date of birth. Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: Onset of first symptoms of demyelinating disease at any time after vaccination and during specified intervals after vaccination (< 1 year, 1-5 years, and >5 years). Results: Cases and controls had similar vaccination histories. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), adjusted for potential confounding variables, of the associations between ever having been vaccinated and risk of demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis combined) were 0.9 (0.6-1.5) for hepatitis B vaccine; 0.6 (0.4-0.8) for tetanus vaccination; 0.8 (0.6-1.2) for influenza vaccine; 0.8 (0.5-1.5) for measles, mumps, rubella vaccines 0.9 (0.5-1.4) for measles vaccine; and 0.7 (0.4-1.0) for rubella vaccine. The results were similar when multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis were analyzed separately. There was no increased risk according to timing of vaccination. Conclusion: Vaccination against hepatitis B, influenza, tetanus, measles, or rubella is not associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Minor & James Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 41600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 110 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 60 IS 4 BP 504 EP 509 DI 10.1001/archneur.60.4.504 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 667CV UT WOS:000182214000006 PM 12707063 ER PT J AU Hofherr, LK Francis, DP Astles, JR Schalla, WO AF Hofherr, LK Francis, DP Astles, JR Schalla, WO TI Results of a physician survey on ordering viral load testing - Opportunity for laboratory consultation SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 National HIV Prevention Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID VIRUS TYPE-1 RNA; PLASMA HIV-1 RNA; LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; INFECTION; QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; PROGRESSION; MONITOR; THERAPY AB Objective.-To profile physicians' practices, utilization, and understanding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA (viral load) testing and the laboratory's role in this testing. Design.-Cross sectional study using a 34-item self-report survey mailed to physicians identified as requesting viral load testing, with follow-up mailings to nonresponders. Participants.-A sampling of US physicians specializing in infectious diseases, internal medicine, and family practice associated with high, medium, and low human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome incidence areas. Results.-Most respondents using viral load results were infectious diseases specialists practicing in urban areas. The reasons most frequently given for requesting viral load testing were (1) to assist in patient follow-up or monitoring (75.4%), and (2) to initiate/guide therapy (62.5%). Respondents indicated that the interpretation and use of viral load results presented difficulty in the areas of patient treatment and. in determining what change from baseline was clinically significant. Few respondents used the testing laboratory pathologist as a resource for interpreting viral load test results. Conclusions.-Our study indicates that physicians have questions about (1) the meaning of viral load tests, (2) how often to monitor the viral load, and (3) what change from baseline of the viral load is significant. Few physicians avail themselves of the expertise available in the laboratory for testing viral loads and interpreting such results. C1 San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Assurance Program, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hofherr, LK (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Lab Assurance Program, 6330 Alvarado Ct, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 127 IS 4 BP 446 EP 450 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 667YE UT WOS:000182261800012 PM 12683872 ER PT J AU Bhatti, TR Dott, M Yoon, PW Moore, CA Gambrell, D Rasmussen, SA AF Bhatti, TR Dott, M Yoon, PW Moore, CA Gambrell, D Rasmussen, SA TI Descriptive epidemiology of infantile cataracts in metropolitan Atlanta, Ga, 1968-1998 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL UNILATERAL CATARACT; BIRTH-DEFECTS; CONSECUTIVE BIRTHS; CHILDHOOD CATARACT; EYE MALFORMATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; MOTHERS; HETEROGENEITY AB Background: Infantile cataract is an important cause of childhood visual impairment. Surgery before 6 weeks of age is recommended for optimal visual outcome. Description of the epidemiologic characteristics of cataracts is important for an improved understanding of the condition. Objectives: To identify at-risk populations and facilitate successful treatment of patients with infantile cataracts. Methods: Infants with cataracts diagnosed in the first year of life were identified using the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, a birth defects surveillance program with active methods of case ascertainment, for the years 1968-1998. Several factors Were analyzed, including year of birth, sex, race, maternal age, plurality (single vs multiple gestation), gestational age, birth weight, laterality, seasonality, and age at diagnosis. Results: A total of 199 infants with cataracts were identified, for a rate of 2.03 per 10 000 births. In 117 infants (59%), cataracts occurred as an isolated defect; in 43 infants (220/0), cataracts occurred as part of a syndrome; and in 39 infants (20%), additional, unrelated, major birth defects were also present. Rates were higher for low-birth-weight infants (those weighing <1500 g; risk ratio [RR], 6.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.83-9.43) and preterm infants (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.21-2.40). Of the cases that occurred as an isolated defect, 38% were diagnosed after 6 weeks. Conclusions: This population-based study provides 31 years of data from a diverse US population and allows identification of risk factors for infantile cataracts. The finding that a number of infants with cataracts continue to have their conditions diagnosed after 6 weeks of age emphasizes the need for direct ophthalmoscopic examination of the red reflex in the newborn period to facilitate early detection and improve outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. DynCorp Syst & Solut LLC, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F45f, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 50 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 157 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1001/archpedi.157.4.341 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 664ZX UT WOS:000182096100008 PM 12695229 ER PT J AU Rasch, EK Hirsch, R Paulose-Ram, R Hochberg, MC AF Rasch, EK Hirsch, R Paulose-Ram, R Hochberg, MC TI Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in persons 60 years of age and older in the United States - Effect of different methods of case classification SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID REVISED CRITERIA; POPULATION; MORTALITY; IMPACT; DISEASES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISORDERS; PROGNOSIS; VALIDITY; COHORT AB Objective. To determine prevalence estimates for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in noninstitutionalized older adults in the US. Prevalence estimates were compared using 3 different classification methods based on current classification criteria for RA. Methods. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) were used to generate prevalence estimates by 3 classification methods in persons 60 years of age and older (n = 5,302). Method 1 applied the "n of k" rule, such that subjects who met 3 of 6 of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 criteria were classified as having RA (data from hand radiographs were not available). In method 2, the ACR classification tree algorithm was applied. For method 3, medication data were used to augment case identification via method 2. Population prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined using the 3 methods on data stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and education. Results. Overall prevalence estimates using the 3 classification methods were 2.03% (95% CI 1.30-2.76), 2.15% (95% CI 1.43-2.87), and 2.34% (95% CI 1.66-3.02), respectively. The prevalence of RA was generally greater in the following groups: women, Mexican Americans, respondents with less education, and respondents who were 70 years of age and older. Conclusion. The prevalence of RA in persons 60 years of age and older is similar to2%, representing the proportion of the US elderly population who will most likely require medical intervention because of disease activity. Different classification methods yielded similar prevalence estimates, although detection of RA wag enhanced by incorporation of data on use of prescription medications, an important consideration in large population surveys. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Rasch, EK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Room 791,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 40 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD APR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 4 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.1002/art.10897 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 665HZ UT WOS:000182115300007 PM 12687533 ER PT J AU Araneta, MRG Schlangen, KM Edmonds, LD Destiche, DA Merz, RD Hobbs, CA Flood, TJ Harris, JA Krishnamurti, D Gray, GC AF Araneta, MRG Schlangen, KM Edmonds, LD Destiche, DA Merz, RD Hobbs, CA Flood, TJ Harris, JA Krishnamurti, D Gray, GC TI Prevalence of birth defects among infants of gulf war veterans in Arkansas, Arizona, California, Georgia, Hawaii, and Iowa, 1989-1993 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aortic valve stenosis; birth defects; Gulf War veterans; hypospadias; Persian Gulf War; renal agenesis or hypoplasia; tricuspid valve insufficiency; tricuspid valve regurgitation ID PATERNAL EXPOSURES; RISK; HYPOSPADIAS; CRYPTORCHIDISM; CHILDREN; BORN; PREGNANCY AB BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies of birth defects among infants of Gulf War veterans (GWV) have been limited to military hospitals, anomalies diagnosed among newborns, or self-reported data. This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of birth defects among infants of GWVs and nondeployed veterans (NDV) in states that conducted active case ascertainment of birth defects between 1989-93. METHODS: Military records of 684,645 GWVs and 1,587,102 NDVs were electronically linked with 2,314,908 birth certificates from Arizona, Hawaii, Iowa, and selected counties of Arkansas, California, and Georgia; 11,961 GWV infants and 33,052 NDV infants were identified. Of these, 450 infants had mothers who served in the Gulf War, and 3966 had NDV mothers. RESULTS: Infants conceived postwar to male GWVs had significantly higher prevalence of tricuspid valve insufficiency (relative risk [RR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-6.6; p = 0.039) and aortic valve stenosis (RR, 6.0; 95% Cl, 1.2-31.0; p 0.026) compared to infants conceived postwar to NDV males. Among infants of male GWVs, aortic valve stenosis (RR, 16.3; 95% Cl, 0.09-294; p = 0.011) and renal agenesis or hypoplasia (RR, 16.3; 95% Cl, 0.09-294; p = 0.011) were significantly higher among infants conceived postwar than prewar. Hypospadias was significantly higher among infant sons conceived postwar to GWV women compared to NDV women (RR, 6.3; 95% Cl, 1.5-26.3; p - 0.015). CONCLUSION: We observed a higher prevalence of tricuspid valve insufficiency, aortic valve stenosis, and renal agenesis or hypoplasia among infants conceived postwar to GWV men, and a higher prevalence of hypospadias among infants conceived postwar to female GWVs. We did not have the ability to determine if the excess was caused by inherited or environmental factors, or was due to chance because of myriad reasons, including multiple comparisons. Although the statistical power was sufficient to compare the combined birth defects prevalence, larger sample sizes were needed for less frequent individual component defects. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Hawaii Birth Defects Program, Honolulu, HI USA. Arkansas Reprod Hlth Monitoring Syst, Little Rock, AR USA. Arizona Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Phoenix, AZ USA. California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Emeryville, CA USA. Iowa Birth Defects Registry, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Araneta, MRG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,0607 Stein Clin Res Bldg,Room 349, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 246 EP 260 DI 10.1002/bdra.10033 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XE UT WOS:000185286800005 PM 12854660 ER PT J AU Dott, MM Wong, LYC Rasmussen, SA AF Dott, MM Wong, LYC Rasmussen, SA TI Population-based study of congenital Diaphragmatic hernia: Risk factors and survival in metropolitan Atlanta, 1968-1999 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; MALFORMATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS; PREGNANCY; MORTALITY AB BACKGROUND: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia affects about 1000 United States infants a year. In most cases, the etiology of this condition is unknown. Treatment strategies have changed in recent years. We sought to calculate the birth prevalence, determine risk factors, examine associated defects, and assess trends in survival. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study of all infants born during 1968-99 whose mothers resided in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area (n = 1,029,143). Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia were identified using the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program. To document vital status, we used data from hospital records, Georgia vital records, and the National Death Index. RESULTS: The birth prevalence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia was 2.4 per 10,000 births. Infants with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia were more likely to be premature, macrosomic, and male than their birth cohort. About one-third of affected infants had additional major defects. Of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 8% had known syndromes, most commonly chromosomal abnormalities. During the study period, the percentage of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia who survived to I year of age increased from 19% (1968-71) to about 54%, (1996-99). During the last 10 years of the study, infants who were of low birth weight, had a syndrome, or were prenatally diagnosed were more likely to die than other infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. CONCLUSIONS: Despite new treatments, the death rate from congenital diaphragmatic hernia remains substantial, highlighting the need to identify mechanisms for primary prevention. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-F45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1002/bdra.10039 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XE UT WOS:000185286800006 PM 12854661 ER PT J AU Lary, JM AF Lary, JM TI Do unusual maternal sex hormone profiles cause sex-biased congenital malformations? Reply to Dr. James SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RATIOS; BIRTH C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lary, JM (reprint author), 2914 Yorktown Dr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 273 EP 273 DI 10.1002/bdra.10038 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XE UT WOS:000185286800008 ER PT J AU Landi, MT Bertazzi, PA Baccarelli, A Consonni, D Masten, S Lucier, G Mocarelli, P Needham, L Caporaso, N Grassman, J AF Landi, MT Bertazzi, PA Baccarelli, A Consonni, D Masten, S Lucier, G Mocarelli, P Needham, L Caporaso, N Grassman, J TI TCDD-mediated alterations in the AhR-dependent pathway in Seveso, Italy, 20 years after the accident SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; LUNG-CANCER; CELL-CYCLE; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CYTOCHROME-P450 1B1; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES AB Approximately 20 years after the Seveso, Italy, accident we conducted a population-based study to evaluate the impact of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure on cancer using mechanistically based biomarkers of dioxin response in humans. TCDD toxic effects are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We studied the AhR-dependent pathway in lymphocytes from 62 subjects randomly sampled from the highest exposed zones and 59 subjects from the surrounding non-contaminated area, frequency matched for age, gender and smoking. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive investigation to date designed to evaluate the key genes in the pathway, including AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 transcripts and CYP1A1-associated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in a population heavily exposed to dioxin. Current lipid-adjusted plasma TCDD concentrations in these subjects ranged from 3.5 to 90 ng/kg (or p.p.t.) and were negatively associated with AhR mRNA in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P = 0.03). When mitogen-induced lymphocytes were cultured with 10 nM TCDD, all AhR-dependent genes were induced 1.2- to 13-fold. In these cells, plasma TCDD was associated with decreased EROD activity. In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between AhR and CYP1A1 expression (P = 0.001) and between AhR and CYP1B1 expression (P = 0.006). CYP1A1 expression was also strongly correlated with EROD activity (P = 0.001). The analysis of the expression of dioxin-inducible genes involved in carcinogenesis may help in determining dose-response relationships for human exposure to dioxin in vivo and in assessing the variability of human response, which may indicate the presence of subjects more susceptible to disease as a result of such exposures. C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Milan, Epidemiol Res Ctr, EPOCA, Milan, Italy. NIEHS, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Milan Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Landi, MT (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; masten, scott/R-1403-2016; bertazzi, pietro alberto/D-5039-2017; OI masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X; bertazzi, pietro alberto/0000-0003-3475-2449; Baccarelli, Andrea/0000-0002-3436-0640 NR 50 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgg002 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 676HK UT WOS:000182745100007 PM 12727795 ER PT J AU Kimberly, MM Vesper, HW Caudill, SP Cooper, GR Rifai, N Dati, F Myers, GL AF Kimberly, MM Vesper, HW Caudill, SP Cooper, GR Rifai, N Dati, F Myers, GL TI Standardization of immunoassays for measurement of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Phase I: Evaluation of secondary reference materials SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HUMAN SERUM; ASSAY; RISK; INFLAMMATION; PERFORMANCE; VALUES AB Background: Inflammation contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used as a marker to assess risk for cardiovascular diseases. As variability among existing high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) assays can lead to misclassification of patients and hamper implementation of population-based medical decision points, standardization of hsCRP assays is needed. Methods: We evaluated five proposed secondary reference materials, including two diluted preparations of Certified Reference Material 470 (CRM470), two preparations of a serum-based material with recombinant CRP added, and one serum-based material with isolated CRP added. Twenty-one manufacturers participated in the comparison with 28 different assays. We examined imprecision, linearity, and parallelism with these materials and with fresh serum. Results: All materials had similar imprecision; CVs for the undiluted materials were 2.1-3.7%. None of the materials was linear across all assays. Each hid between one and three cases of nonlinearity, with one preparation of CRM470 having the fewest cases of nonlinearity. Although none of the materials was parallel across. all assays, the. differences in slope from fresh serum were similar across all assays. Conclusions: All materials performed similarly with regard to imprecision, linearity, and parallelism. As one preparation of CRM470 had slightly better characteristics than the other materials and because CRM470 had been certified previously as a reference material for the acute-phase reactant range, it will be used in the next phase to standardize hsCRP assays. (C) 2003 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. IVD Consulting, D-35041 Marburg, Germany. RP Kimberly, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1373/49.4.611 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 660DK UT WOS:000181818400014 PM 12651814 ER PT J AU McDonald, CJ Huff, SM Suico, JG Hill, G Leavelle, D Aller, R Forrey, A Mercer, K DeMoor, G Hook, J Williams, W Case, J Maloney, P AF McDonald, CJ Huff, SM Suico, JG Hill, G Leavelle, D Aller, R Forrey, A Mercer, K DeMoor, G Hook, J Williams, W Case, J Maloney, P CA Lab LOINC Developers TI LOINC, a universal standard for identifying laboratory observations: A 5-year update SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NAMES; CODES AB The Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC(R)) database provides a universal code system for reporting laboratory and other clinical observations. Its purpose is to identify observations in electronic messages such as Health Level Seven (HL7) observation messages, so that when hospitals, health maintenance organizations, pharmaceutical manufacturers, researchers, and public health departments receive such messages from multiple sources, they can automatically file the results in the right slots of their medical records, research, and/or public health systems. For each observation, the database includes a code (of which 25 000 are laboratory test observations), a long formal name, a "short" 30-character name, and synonyms. The database comes with a mapping program called Regenstrief LOINC Mapping Assistant (RELMA(TM)) to assist the mapping of local test codes to LOINC codes and to facilitate browsing of the LOINC results. Both LOINC and RELMA are available at no cost from http://www. regenstrief.org/loinc/. The LOINC medical database carries records for >30 000 different observations. LOINC codes are being used by large reference laboratories and federal agencies, e.g., the CDC and the Department of Veterans Affairs, and are part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) attachment proposal. Internationally, they have been adopted in Switzerland, Hong Kong, Australia, and Canada, and by the German national standards organization, the Deutsches Instituts fur Normung. Laboratories should include LOINC codes in their outbound HL7 messages so that clinical and research clients can easily integrate these results into their clinical and research repositories. Laboratories should also encourage instrument vendors to deliver LOINC codes in their instrument outputs and demand LOINC codes in HL7 messages they get from reference laboratories to avoid the need to lump so many referral tests under the "send out lab" code. (C) 2003 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84120 USA. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON MG5 1X8, Canada. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Mayo Med Labs, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. State Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95617 USA. Quest Diagnost Inc, Teterboro, NJ 07608 USA. RP McDonald, CJ (reprint author), Regenstrief Inst Inc, 1050 Wishard Blvd,5th Floor, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HS07719]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL08750]; NLM NIH HHS [N01-LM-4-3510, N01-LM-6-3546, N01-LM-9-3517]; ODCDC CDC HHS [R13/CCR517099-01, H75/CCH520501-01] NR 37 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 624 EP 633 DI 10.1373/49.4.624 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 660DK UT WOS:000181818400016 PM 12651816 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Myers, GL Mannino, DM AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Myers, GL Mannino, DM TI Population distribution of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among US men: Findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; AGE; INTERLEUKIN-6; MORTALITY; MASS C1 CDCP, Div Environm Hazards, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Sci Labs, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Div Environm Hazards, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 21 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 686 EP 690 DI 10.1373/49.4.686 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 660DK UT WOS:000181818400034 PM 12651834 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Griffin, PM Angulo, FJ AF Crump, JA Griffin, PM Angulo, FJ TI Putting Salmonella contamination in perspective - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ANIMAL FEED C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrump@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 7 BP 934 EP 935 DI 10.1086/368212 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 659DF UT WOS:000181761700020 ER PT J AU Newland, JG Romero, JR Varman, M Drake, C Holst, A Safranek, T Subbarao, K AF Newland, JG Romero, JR Varman, M Drake, C Holst, A Safranek, T Subbarao, K TI Encephalitis associated with influenza B virus infection in 2 children and a review of the literature SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID ACUTE ENCEPHALOPATHY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OSELTAMIVIR; JAPAN; MICE; PCR AB Two children with influenza B-associated encephalitis (IBAE) presented to our hospital during the winter of 2000-2001, both of whom had cases notable for mutism in association with encephalitis. A review of the literature identified 13 additional reports consistent with IBAE that contained sufficient data for analysis. Eleven of 15 reported cases occurred in children aged less than or equal to18 years; of these, more than one-half occurred in children <11 years of age. Neurologic symptoms appeared within the first 4 days of illness in 13 cases. Speech abnormalities were observed in 4 patients and consisted of mutism in 3. Although the majority of patients recovered fully, 3 were left with neurologic sequelae, and 1 died. These cases reveal the spectrum of IBAE and its potential for long-term sequelae. Clinicians caring for children should remain vigilant for this rare complication of influenza B virus infection. C1 UNMC CU, Combined Div Pediat Infect Dis, Omaha, NE 68171 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Omaha, NE USA. Creighton Univ, Dept Pediat, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Childrens Hosp, Omaha, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Romero, JR (reprint author), UNMC CU, Combined Div Pediat Infect Dis, 2500 Calif Plaza,Criss 2,Rm 409, Omaha, NE 68171 USA. EM jrromero@unmc.edu NR 37 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 7 BP E87 EP E95 DI 10.1086/368184 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 659DF UT WOS:000181761700028 PM 12652406 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Childs, JE AF Paddock, CD Childs, JE TI Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a prototypical emerging pathogen (vol 16, pg 37, 2003) SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Correction C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 355 EP 355 DI 10.1128/CMR.16.2.355.2003 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 668QX UT WOS:000182305600011 ER PT J AU Hogben, M AF Hogben, M TI Prejudiced communication: A social psychological perspective SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY-APA REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 177 EP 179 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 667WQ UT WOS:000182257900012 ER PT J AU Hogben, M St Lawrence, JS Hennessy, MH Eldridge, GD AF Hogben, M St Lawrence, JS Hennessy, MH Eldridge, GD TI Using the theory of planned behavior to understand the STD risk behaviors of incarcerated women SO CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE STD; women; prisons/jails; risk reduction ID HIV-INFECTION; REASONED ACTION; SELF-EFFICACY; COUNTY JAIL; CONDOM USE; PREVENTION AB Women in American correctional facilities make up an at-risk group for STDs/HIV, both in terms of disease history and STD risk behaviors. Using a sample of incarcerated women in two southern states, a theoretically driven model of incarcerated women's risk behaviors prior to and during incarceration was described and tested. The model is based on links among beliefs, attitudes, perceived behavioral control and norms, and behavioral intentions. Results indicated that beliefs related to condoms were associated with favorable attitudes toward condoms. Condom attitudes were related to positive behavioral intentions to use condoms and also mediated some belief/intention associations. Perceived behavioral control and norms were also associated with intentions; norms were especially strongly related. The model provides a structure for measuring the predicates of incarcerated women's risk behaviors and for testing the efficacy of risk-reduction interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Hogben, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mhogben@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0093-8548 J9 CRIM JUSTICE BEHAV JI Crim. Justice Behav. PD APR PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 187 EP 209 DI 10.1177/0093854802251003 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical; Criminology & Penology SC Psychology; Criminology & Penology GA 658WY UT WOS:000181745100003 ER PT J AU Corso, PS Kramer, MH Blair, KA Addiss, DG Davis, JP Haddix, AC AF Corso, PS Kramer, MH Blair, KA Addiss, DG Davis, JP Haddix, AC TI Cost of illness in the 1993 waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB To assess the total medical costs and productivity losses associated with the 1993 waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, including the average cost per person with mild, moderate, and severe illness, we conducted a retrospective cost-of-illness analysis using data from 11 hospitals in the greater Milwaukee area and epidemiologic data collected during the outbreak. The total cost of outbreak-associated illness was $96.2 million: $31.7 million in medical costs and $64.6 million in productivity losses. The average total costs for persons with mild, moderate, and severe illness were $116, $475, and $7,808, respectively. The potentially high cost of waterborne disease outbreaks should be considered in economic decisions regarding the safety of public drinking water supplies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. City Milwaukee Hlth Dept, Milwaukee, WI USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Corso, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 19 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 426 EP 431 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 663XH UT WOS:000182031700003 PM 12702221 ER PT J AU McCaig, LF Besser, RE Hughes, JM AF McCaig, LF Besser, RE Hughes, JM TI Antimicrobial drug prescriptions in ambulatory care settings, United States, 1992-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; APPROPRIATE ANTIBIOTIC USE; PRINCIPLES; MACROLIDE; CHILDREN; AGENTS; ADULTS; FLUOROQUINOLONES; BRONCHITIS AB During the 1990s, as antimicrobial resistance increased among pneumococci, many organizations promoted appropriate antimicrobial use to combat resistance. We analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual sample survey of visits to office-based physicians, and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual sample survey of visits to hospital emergency and outpatient departments, to describe trends in antimicrobial prescribing from 1992 to 2000 in the United States. Approximately 1, 100-1,900 physicians reported data from 21,000-37,000 visits; 200-300 outpatient departments reported data for 28,000-35,000 visits; similar to400 emergency departments reported data for 21,000-36,000 visits each year. In that period, the population- and visit-based antimicrobial prescribing rates in ambulatory care settings decreased by 23% and 25%, respectively, driven largely by a decrease in prescribing by office-based physicians. Antimicrobial prescribing rates changed as follows: amoxicillin and ampicillin, -43%; cephalosporins, -28%; erythromycin, -76%; azithromycin and clarithromycin, +388%; quinolones, +78%; and amoxicillin/clavulanate, +72%. This increasing use of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and quinolones warrants concern as macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococci are increasing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP McCaig, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3409 Mailstop P08, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM lfm1@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 432 EP 437 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 663XH UT WOS:000182031700004 PM 12702222 ER PT J AU Robinson, KA Rothrock, G Phan, Q Sayler, B Stefonek, K Van Beneden, C Levine, OS AF Robinson, KA Rothrock, G Phan, Q Sayler, B Stefonek, K Van Beneden, C Levine, OS CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Risk for severe group A streptococcal disease among patients' household contacts SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; INVASIVE GROUP; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; FEVER AB From January 1997 to April 1999, we determined attack rates for cases of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease in household contacts of index patients using data from Active Bacterial Core Surveillance sites. Of 680 eligible index-patient households, 525 (77.2%) were enrolled in surveillance. Of 1,514 household contacts surveyed, 127 (8.4%) sought medical care, 24 (1.6%) required hospital care, and none died during the 30-day reference period. One confirmed GAS case in a household contact was reported (attack rate, 66.1/100,000 household contacts). One household contact had, severe GAS-compatible illness without confirmed etiology. Our study suggests that subsequent cases of invasive GAS disease can occur, albeit rarely. The risk estimate from this study is important for developing recommendations on the use of chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of persons with invasive GAS disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Robinson, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D59,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 443 EP 447 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 663XH UT WOS:000182031700006 PM 12702224 ER PT J AU Cardosa, MJ Perera, D Brown, BA Cheon, D Chan, HM Chan, KP Cho, H McMinn, P AF Cardosa, MJ Perera, D Brown, BA Cheon, D Chan, HM Chan, KP Cho, H McMinn, P TI Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 strains and recent outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region: Comparative analysis of the VP1 and VP4 genes SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEUROGENIC PULMONARY-EDEMA; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MOUTH-DISEASE; HAND; FOOT; TAIWAN; MALAYSIA; SEQUENCE; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INFECTIONS AB This study provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) in the Asia-Pacific region from 1997 through 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 and VP1 genes of recent HEV71 strains indicates that several genogroups of the virus have been circulating in the Asia-Pacific region since 1997. The first of these recent outbreaks, described in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) in 1997, was caused by genogroup B3. This outbreak was followed by large outbreaks in Taiwan in 1998, caused by genogroup C2, and in Perth (Western Australia) in 1999, where viruses belonging to genogroups B3 and C2 cocirculated. Singapore, Taiwan, and Sarawak had HEV71 epidemics in 2000, caused predominantly by viruses belonging to genogroup B4; however, large numbers of fatalities were observed only in Taiwan. HEV71 was identified during an epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease in Korea; that epidemic was found to be due to viruses constituting a new genogroup, C3. C1 Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Inst Hlth & Community Med, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Seoul, South Korea. Singapore Gen Hosp, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Cardosa, MJ (reprint author), Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Inst Hlth & Community Med, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. RI Cardosa, Mary Jane/A-3611-2009 NR 33 TC 163 Z9 229 U1 1 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 663XH UT WOS:000182031700009 PM 12702227 ER PT J AU Guptill, SC Julian, KG Campbell, GL Price, SD Marfin, AA AF Guptill, SC Julian, KG Campbell, GL Price, SD Marfin, AA TI Early-season avian deaths from West Nile virus as warnings of human infection SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEM AB An analysis of 2001 and 2002 West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance data shows that counties that report WNV-infected dead birds early in the transmission season are more likely to report subsequent WNV disease cases in humans than are counties that do not report early WNV-infected dead birds. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guptill, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 8 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 483 EP 484 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 663XH UT WOS:000182031700013 PM 12702231 ER PT J AU Branum, AM Collman, GW Correa, A Keim, SA Kessel, W Kimmel, CA Klebanoff, MA Longnecker, MP Mendola, P Rigas, M Selevan, SG Scheidt, PC Schoendorf, K Smith-Khuri, E Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Branum, AM Collman, GW Correa, A Keim, SA Kessel, W Kimmel, CA Klebanoff, MA Longnecker, MP Mendola, P Rigas, M Selevan, SG Scheidt, PC Schoendorf, K Smith-Khuri, E Yeargin-Allsopp, M CA Natl Children's Study Interagency TI The National Children's Study of Environmental Effects on Child Health and Development SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE child; cohort studies; environment; human milk; pregnancy ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; BREAST-MILK; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; THYROID-HORMONES; CEREBRAL-PALSY; EXPOSURE; PREVALENCE; MOTHERS; TRENDS; RISK AB Increasing recognition that children may be more susceptible than adults to environmental exposures and that they experience potentially life-long consequences of such exposures has led to widespread support for a large new cohort study in the United States. In this article, we propose a framework for a new cohort study of children, with follow-up beginning before birth and continuing to age 21 years. We also describe the administrative structure that has been built to develop the proposal further. The structure includes a partnership between federal and nonfederal scientists and relies on a collaborative, interdisciplinary research effort of unprecedented scale in medical research. We discuss briefly how the proposed cohort could be used to examine, among many other things, the effect of chemical contaminants in breast milk on children's health and development. C1 NICHD, Natl Childrens Study Program Off, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIEHS, Chem Exposures & Mol Biol Branch, Div Extramural Res & Training, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Secretary, Washington, DC 20201 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NICHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD USA. NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Scheidt, PC (reprint author), NICHD, Natl Childrens Study Program Off, 6100 Execut Blvd,MSC 7510, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RI Keim, Sarah/F-8929-2013; OI Keim, Sarah/0000-0003-3490-3649; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322; Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 67 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 642 EP 646 DI 10.1289/ehp.5781 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 665WM UT WOS:000182144300058 PM 12676629 ER PT J AU Usman, HR Akhtar, S Rahbar, MH Hamid, S Moattar, T Luby, SP AF Usman, HR Akhtar, S Rahbar, MH Hamid, S Moattar, T Luby, SP TI Injections in health care settings: a risk factor for acute hepatitis B virus infection in Karachi, Pakistan SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID UNNECESSARY THERAPEUTIC INJECTIONS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; C VIRUS; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; COMMUNITY; INDIA; VACCINATION; POPULATION; TANZANIA AB A case control study was conducted to identify the association of therapeutic injections with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Karachi, Pakistan. We enrolled 67 cases of acute HBV infection (IgM anti-HBc positive) and 247 controls (anti-HBc negative) from four hospitals of Karachi during July 2000-June 2001. Exposure to various risk factors during the period relevant to the incubation period of HBV was recorded both from cases and controls using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the data showed that cases were more likely to have received one injection (OR = 4(.)0; 95 % CI 1(.)4, 11(.)1), or more than one injection (OR= 6(.)3; 95% CI 3(.)2, 12(.)4) compared to controls. The estimated population attributable risk (PAR) for therapeutic injections was 53 %. Also the cases compared to controls were more likely to have household size of seven or more (OR= 1(.)9; 95 % CI 0(.)95, 3(.)9). This study showed that unsafe therapeutic injections appear to be the major risk factor for acute HBV infection and needs immediate focus from public health stand point. C1 Aga Khan Univ, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Med, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pathol, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Usman, HR (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Community Hlth Sci, POB 3500,Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 130 IS 2 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1017/S0950268802008178 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 674KR UT WOS:000182636400016 PM 12729198 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ Richards, T Wilson, KM AF Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ Richards, T Wilson, KM TI Breast and cervical cancer screening practices among Hispanic and non-Hispanic women residing near the United States-Mexico border, 1999-2000 SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cancer prevention and control; Hispanics; Pap tests; screening mammography ID ANGLO WOMEN; WHITE WOMEN; MAMMOGRAPHY; LATINAS; POVERTY; BELIEFS; BLACK AB This study examined the breast and cervical cancer screening practices of Hispanic and non-Hispanic women (n = 3,568) in counties that approximate the US southern border region. According to the Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA), border counties are those in which any part of the county is within 100 kilometers (62.14 miles) of the border.(1) The study used data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys of adults aged greater than or equal to 18 years conducted in 1999 and 2000. The study looked at recent use of mammography and the Papamcolaou (Pap) test. Hispanic women were less likely to have had a recent mammograrn or Pap test as compared with non-Hispanic women in border counties, and as compared with Hispanic and non-Hispanic women in nonborder counties of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California combined, and with other women in the United States. Results underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that medically underserved women who live in the border region have access to cancer screening services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 130 EP 139 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 660HV UT WOS:000181828500006 PM 12802118 ER PT J AU Burkman, RT Tang, MTC Malone, KE Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Folger, SG AF Burkman, RT Tang, MTC Malone, KE Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Folger, SG TI Infertility drugs and the risk of breast cancer: findings from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; infertility; infertility drugs; human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) ID FERTILITY DRUGS; COHORT; PROGESTERONE; CYCLES; LINK AB Objective: To determine the association between infertility drug use and invasive breast cancer in a population-based case-control study. Design: Multicenter case-control study. Setting: Women aged 35 to 64 years in metropolitan Atlanta, Detroit, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Seattle. Patient(s): The 4,575 case patients had histologically confirmed primary invasive breast cancer. The 4,682 control subjects were women without breast cancer identified in the same geographic locations using randomized-digit dialing. Intervention(s): A standardized questionnaire focusing on reproductive health and family history as well as use of oral contraceptives and other hormones and infertility drugs was administered to all subjects. Data on the type of breast cancer were also obtained. Main Outcome Measure(s): Odds ratios examining the association between use of various infertility drugs and invasive breast cancer. Result(s): Overall, a history of infertility drug use was not associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. Compared with women who never used any fertility medication, however, women using human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for greater than or equal to6 months or for at least six cycles had a relative risk of breast cancer ranging between 2.7 to 3.8. Conclusion(s): Long-term use of certain infertility drugs could adversely affect risk of breast cancer. Additional confirmatory studies are needed. (C) 2003 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 NCI, Surveillance Epidemiol & End Results Registries, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Surveillance Epidemiol & End Results Registries, Detroit, MI USA. NCI, Surveillance Epidemiol & End Results Registries, Los Angeles, CA USA. NCI, Surveillance Epidemiol & End Results Registries, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Burkman, RT (reprint author), Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 759 Chestnut St, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 CN-0532, N01 CN-65064, N01 PC-57010, N01 PC-67006]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD 2-3166, N01 HD 3-3168, N01 HD 3-3174, N01 HD 3-3175, N01 HD 3-3176, Y01 HD-7022] NR 24 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD APR PY 2003 VL 79 IS 4 BP 844 EP 851 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04950-6 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 664DA UT WOS:000182045400002 PM 12749419 ER PT J AU Farel, AM Meyer, RE Hicken, M Edmonds, L AF Farel, AM Meyer, RE Hicken, M Edmonds, L TI Registry to referral - A promising means for identifying and referring infants and toddlers for early intervention services SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE birth defects; birth defects registries; monitoring; surveillance; early intervention ID SURVEILLANCE; HEALTH AB Birth defects are the leading cause of death for infants in their first year of life and contribute substantially to childhood morbidity and long-term disability among survivors. Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation actively support birth defects monitoring programs across the United States. Currently, 33 states have some type of birth defects monitoring program and 16 more have programs-in the planning stages. In general, these surveillance programs track birth defects to describe incidence and identify subpopulations for possible Preventive interventions. The importance of early intervention in reducing or preventing secondary disabilities associated with a primary condition has been well documented. A birth defects registry, because of its ability to capture this information earlier than other data collection methods, is a potentially valuable source of information to use in referring families for services. In this paper, we describe the results of a survey to identify programs that are using, or are planning to use, their birth defects surveillance systems as a means of identifying and referring children and families for services. We report the level of interest and experience in developing such referral systems in state birth defect surveillance programs, provide 4 brief case examples, and recommend steps early intervention professionals can take to further discussion about using registries for making referrals. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. N Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Div Publ Hlth, NC Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control, State Serv Sect, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Farel, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM anita_farel@unc.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0896-3746 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD APR-JUN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 659PA UT WOS:000181784800002 ER PT J AU Warren, DK Kollef, MH Seiler, SM Fridkin, SK Fraser, VJ AF Warren, DK Kollef, MH Seiler, SM Fridkin, SK Fraser, VJ TI The epidemiolooy of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization in a medical intensive care unit SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; VETERANS AFFAIRS; STOOL CARRIAGE; RISK; INFECTION; FAECIUM; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiology of colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. DESIGN: Ten-month prospective cohort study. SETTING: A 19-bed medical ICU of a 1,440-bed teaching hospital. METHODS: Patients admitted to the ICU had rectal swab cultures for VRE on admission and weekly thereafter. VRE-positive patients were cared for using contact precautions. Clinical data, including microbiology reports, were collected prospectively during the ICU stay. RESULTS: Of 519 patients who had admission stool cultures, 127 (25%) had cultures that were positive for VRE. Risk factors for VRE colonization identified by multiple logistic regression analysis were hospital stay greater than 3 days prior to ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.3 to 5.7), chronic dialysis (AOR, 2.4; CI95, 1.2 to 4.5), and having been admitted to the study hospital one to two times (AOR, 2.3; CI95,1.4 to 3.8) or more than two times (AOR, 6.5; CI95, 3:7 to 11.6) within the past 12 months. Of the 352 VRE-negative patients who had one or more follow-up cultures, 74 (21%) became VRE positive during their ICU stay (27 cases per 1,000 patient-ICU days). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of VRE culture positivity on ICU admission was high and a sizable fraction of ICU patients became VRE positive during their ICU stay despite contact precautions for VRE-positive patients. This was likely due in large part to prior VRE exposures in the rest of the hospital where these control measures were not being used (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24:257-263). C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Warren, DK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Box 8051,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. OI Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU717925-CDC] NR 27 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1086/502199 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 671DA UT WOS:000182449000010 PM 12725354 ER PT J AU Ullmann, AJ Piesman, J Dolan, MC Black, WC AF Ullmann, AJ Piesman, J Dolan, MC Black, WC TI A preliminary linkage map of the hard tick, Ixodes scapularis SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; linkage map; microsatellites; RAPD-SSCP; STARs; cDNA-SSCP ID MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; INTEGRATED GENETIC-MAP; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; HUMAN BABESIOSIS; SSCP ANALYSIS; MARKERS; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; GENOME; MUTATIONS AB A linkage map of the Ixodes scapularis genome was constructed, based upon segregation amongst 127 loci. These included 84 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, 32 Sequence-Tagged RAPD (STAR) markers, 5 cDNAs, and 5 microsatellites in 232 F-1 intercross progeny from a single, field-collected P-1 female. A preliminary linkage map of 616 cM was generated across 14 linkage groups with one marker every 10.8 cM. Assuming a genome size of approximate to 10(9) bp, the relationship of physical to genetic distance was found to be approximate to 300 kb/cM in the I. scapularis genome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ullmann, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM aff1@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00402.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 659PX UT WOS:000181786900012 PM 12653942 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JM Augostinil, P Stewart, GL AF Montgomery, JM Augostinil, P Stewart, GL TI Glucose uptake and metabolism in the Trichinella spiralis nurse cell SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichinella spiralis; muscle; glucose; uptake; insulin; glycogen ID INFECTED MUSCLE-CELLS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NUCLEAR ANTIGENS; LARVA COMPLEX; TRANSPORTER; MEMBRANE; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; ADULT AB Isolated Trichinella spiralis nurse cells transport a significantly greater amount of glucose/mg of protein than the normal skeletal muscle cell line (L6). V-max and K-m estimations revealed that nurse cells have a much higher saturation point than L6 cells for glucose. The effects of numerous physiological conditions (Na+ concentration, pH, and temperature) on nurse cell glucose uptake were investigated. It was determined that sodium concentration had no effect on glucose uptake. Low (<6.5) and high (>7.3) pH and low (5degreesC) temperatures significantly effected glucose uptake. The two hormones, insulin and epinephrine, appeared to have little, if any, influence on the rate of glucose uptake by nurse cells. Glucose uptake was inhibited in the presence of 6-carbon carbohydrates. The H+/glucose symport inhibitors, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and Carbonyl cyanide 4-trifluoromethoxyphenlhydrazone (FCCP), and the facilitated diffusion inhibitor phloretin also inhibited glucose uptake. Oubain, a Na+/glucose symport inhibitor, did not inhibit glucose uptake. These data, in conjunction with Western blot analyses, revealed that the transport of glucose occurs via H+/glucose symport and facilitated diffusion, perhaps through the glucose transport proteins GLUT 1 and/or 4. It was also demonstrated that nurse cells are capable of synthesising glycogen. It appears that glycogen is in a constant state of flux and physiological conditions, such as glucose concentration, significantly influence the synthesis of this macromolecule. We conclude that these results are consistent with the hypothesis that nurse cells, at least maintained in vitro, are metabolically highly active but show significant divergence from normal muscle cells in several fundamental aspects of sugar metabolism. (C) 2003 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Montgomery, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, US Dept HHS, MS-A26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmontgomery@cdc.gov; paugostini@cdc.gov; gstewart@uwf.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD APR PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(03)00013-4 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 674PA UT WOS:000182644100009 PM 12705933 ER PT J AU Kohler, KA Hlady, WG Banerjee, K Sutter, RW AF Kohler, KA Hlady, WG Banerjee, K Sutter, RW TI Outbreak of poliomyelitis due to type 3 poliovirus, northern India, 1999-2000: injections a major contributing factor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE poliomyelitis; poliovirus type 3; injections; India; case-control study ID PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; ERADICATION AB Background A large outbreak of poliomyelitis due to poliovirus type 3 (P3) occurred in India in 1999. This raised concerns about oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) effectiveness, particularly the type 3 component, in preventing clinical disease and offered an opportunity to describe the epidemiology of a P3 outbreak. Methods We reviewed data collected by the National Polio Surveillance Project to describe the outbreak and conducted a case-control study to determine risk factors for the development of paralytic poliomyelitis. The P3 cases with paralysis onset in 2000 were enrolled with four controls per case, matched for age and neighbourhood. Results Of 1126 virologically confirmed poliomyelitis cases reported in 1999, 719 (64%) were due to P3. We enrolled 48 (80%) of 60 cases and 175 matched controls. Age (30.6 months, cases versus 30.4 months, controls) and vaccination status (median 5.8 OPV doses, cases versus 6.1 OPV doses, controls) were similar among cases and controls. The only significant difference between the groups was the proportion that received any injection in the last 30 days prior to paralysis onset or the corresponding reference date for controls (35.4% versus 12.3%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.8-12.5). Conclusions Cases and controls had similar vaccination histories. The only significant risk factor for paralytic illness was having received any injection in the 30 days before onset. Our study confirms that injections administered during the poliovirus incubation period can provoke paralytic poliomyelitis. Injections in polio-endemic countries should only be indicated when other therapeutic options have failed or are not available. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div E05, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Natl Polio Surveillance Project, New Delhi, India. WHO, SE Asia Reg Off, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Kohler, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div E05, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 272 EP 277 DI 10.1093/ije/dyg011 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 674GT UT WOS:000182629600020 PM 12714548 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Onikpo, F Lama, M Deming, MS AF Rowe, AK Onikpo, F Lama, M Deming, MS TI Risk and protective factors for two types of error in the treatment of children with fever at outpatient health facilities in Benin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference of the Global-Health-Council CY MAY 30, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Global Hlth Council DE health services research; developing countries; Benin; malaria; child health services; epidemiological methods ID CHILDHOOD ILLNESS; MANAGEMENT AB Background In developing countries, health workers often do not follow clinical practice guidelines. However, few studies have examined why different types of errors occur. Methods We analysed a sample of consultations of children with non-severe malaria (defined as fever without signs of severe illness) from a health facility survey conducted in Oueme Departement, Benin. Treatment was defined as correct (recommended antimalarial), a minor error (non-recommended antimalarial), or a major error (no antimalarial). Results In all, 85 health workers and 289 children were studied. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with major errors: treatment by a physician (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 13.57, 95% CI: 1.45-126.75), child's age <12 months (aOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.15-10.07), and child's temperature (aOR = 0.58 per degreesC, 95% CI: 0.34-0.97). Factors significantly associated with minor errors were: child's temperature (aOR = 1.43 per degreesC, 95% CI: 1.07-1.92), electricity at the health facility (aOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.05-9.17), greater than or equal to1 supervision visit in the past 6 months (aOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14-0.77), fever treatment wall chart in the consultation room (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12-0.73), and number of non-fever chief complaints (aOR = 0.67 per complaint, 95% CI: 0.48-0.93). In-service training in malaria treatment was not significantly associated with either error type. Conclusions Many factors may influence health worker performance, and factors such as pre-service training may influence performance in unexpected ways. Identifying different errors and analysing them separately can help reveal potential causes that may be masked by combining errors into a single category. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Africare Benin, Porto Novo, Benin. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1093/ije/dyg063 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 674GT UT WOS:000182629600025 PM 12714553 ER PT J AU Brener, ND McManus, T Galuska, DA Lowry, R Wechsler, H AF Brener, ND McManus, T Galuska, DA Lowry, R Wechsler, H TI Reliability and validity of self-reported height and weight among high school students SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescence; body height; body mass index; body weight; obesity; reproducibility of results; self-assessment; sensitivity; specificity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ADOLESCENTS; QUESTIONNAIRE; OBESITY; YOUTH AB Purpose: To assess the reliability and validity of self-reported height and weight, and variables calculated from these values, in a diverse sample of adolescents. Methods: A convenience sample of students (n = 4619) in grades 9 through 12 reported their height and weight on two questionnaires administered approximately 2 weeks apart. Using a standard protocol, a subsample of these students (n = 2032) also were weighed and had their height measured following completion of the first questionnaire. Results: Self-reported heights at Time I and Time 2 were highly correlated, and the mean difference between height at Time 1 and Time 2 was small. Results were similar for self-reported weight at Time 1 and Time 2 and body mass index (BMI) calculated from these values. Although self-reported values of height, weight, and BMI were highly correlated with their measured values, on average, students overreported their height by 2.7 inches and underreported their weight by 3.5 pounds. Resulting BMI values were an average of 2.6 kg/m(2) lower when based on self-reported vs. measured values. The percentages of students classified as "overweight" or "at risk for overweight" were therefore lower when based on self-reported rather than on measured values. White students were more likely than those in other race/ethnic groups to overreport their height, and the tendency to overreport height increased by grade. Female students were more likely than male students to underreport their weight. Conclusions: Self-reported height, weight, and BMI calculated from these values were highly reliable but were discrepant from measured height, weight, and BMIs calculated from measured values. BMIs based on self-reported height and weight values therefore underestimate the prevalence of overweight in adolescent populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 297 Z9 310 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00708-5 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 661ZW UT WOS:000181921700006 PM 12667732 ER PT J AU Borst, A Theelen, B Reinders, E Boekhout, T Fluit, AC Savelkoul, PHM AF Borst, A Theelen, B Reinders, E Boekhout, T Fluit, AC Savelkoul, PHM TI Use of amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify medically important Candida spp., including C-dubliniensis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; CHROMAGAR CANDIDA; PRESUMPTIVE IDENTIFICATION; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; YEAST PATHOGENS; IN-VITRO; ALBICANS; SYSTEM; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Non-Candida albicans Candida species are increasingly being isolated. These species show differences in levels of resistance to antimycotic agents and mortality. Therefore, it is important to be able to correctly identify the causative organism to the species level. Identification of C. dubliniensis in particular remains problematic due to the high degree of phenotypic similarity between this species and C. albicans. The use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis as an identification method for medically important Candida species was investigated. Our results show very clear differences among medically important Candida species. Furthermore, when screening a large collection of clinical isolates previously identified on CHROMagar as C. albicans, we found a misidentification rate of 6%. AFLP analysis is universally applicable, and the patterns can easily be stored in a general, accessible database. Therefore, AFLP might prove to be a reliable method for the identification of medically important Candida species. C1 Univ Med Ctr, Eijkman Winkler Ctr Microbiol Infect Dis & Inflam, Utrecht, Netherlands. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands. VU Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Control, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Borst, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Boekhout, Teun/F-1552-2010 OI Boekhout, Teun/0000-0002-0476-3609 NR 35 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1357 EP 1362 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1357-1362.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900002 PM 12682114 ER PT J AU Vinje, J Vennema, H Maunula, L von Bonsdorff, CH Hoehne, M Schreier, E Richards, A Green, J Brown, D Beard, SS Monroe, SS de Bruin, E Svensson, L Koopmans, MPG AF Vinje, J Vennema, H Maunula, L von Bonsdorff, CH Hoehne, M Schreier, E Richards, A Green, J Brown, D Beard, SS Monroe, SS de Bruin, E Svensson, L Koopmans, MPG TI International collaborative study to compare reverse transcriptase PCR assays for detection and genotyping of noroviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; RT-PCR; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; ENTERIC CALICIVIRUS; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; FECAL SPECIMENS AB To allow more rapid and internationally standardized assessment of the spread of noroviruses (previously called Norwalk-like viruses [NLVs]) as important food-borne pathogens, harmonization of methods for their detection is needed. Diagnosis of NLVs in clinical diagnostic laboratories is usually performed by reverse transciptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. In the present study, the performance of five different RT-PCR assays for the detection of NLVs was evaluated in an international collaborative study by five laboratories in five countries with a coded panel of 91 fecal specimens. The assays were tested for their sensitivity, detection limit, and ease of standardization. In total, NLVs could be detected by at least one RT-PCR assay in 69 (84%) of the samples that originally tested positive. Sensitivity ranged from 52 to 73% overall and from 54 to 100% and 58 to 85% for genogroup I and II viruses, respectively. In all, 64% of the false-negative results were obtained with a set of diluted stools (n = 20) that may have lost quality upon storage. Sensitivity was improved when these samples were excluded from analysis. No one single assay stood out as the best, although the p1 assay demonstrated the most satisfactory overall performance. To promote comparability of data, this assay will be recommended for newly starting groups in future collaborative studies. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Res Lab Infect Dis, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Haartman Inst, Dept Virol, Helsinki, Finland. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Solna, Sweden. RP Koopmans, MPG (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Diagnost Lab Infect Dis & Perinatal Screening, Bilthoven, Netherlands. OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675; Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 57 TC 162 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1423 EP 1433 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1423-1433.2003 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900013 PM 12682125 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Black, CM Markowitz, LE Unger, ER Pierce, A Sawyer, MK Papp, JR AF Koumans, EH Black, CM Markowitz, LE Unger, ER Pierce, A Sawyer, MK Papp, JR TI Comparison of methods for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisserza gonorrhoeae using commercially available nucleic acid amplification tests and a liquid pap smear medium SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTICENTER; INFECTION; CYTOLOGY; UTILITY; SAMPLE AB Annual screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection is currently recommended for sexually active women 15 to 25 years old and for women older than 25 if they have a new or multiple sex partners and have not used condoms during the previous 3 months. Annual screening for cervical abnormalities using the Pap smear has achieved a substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. Screening for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection has likely contributed significantly to the reduction in the rates of gonococcal infection. The introduction of liquid Pap smear methods using exfoliated cervical cells presents an opportunity to screen for these three conditions using one specimen. We evaluated the preservation of C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNAs from ThinPrep liquid media (PreservCyt; Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, Mass.); tested the feasibility of using a clinical specimen of this medium for the detection of cytologic abnormalities, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae; evaluated the agreement between ligase chain reaction (LCR) performed on PreservCyt and LCR performed on a cervical specimen; and compared the performance of LCR performed on PreservCyt to those of LCR performed on a cervical specimen, culture, PCR performed on a cervical specimen, on urine, and on a vaginal specimen (a multiple-site infection status standard), and transcription-mediated amplification (for C. trachomatis only) from 255 sexually active adolescent women. The agreement between LCR performed on PreservCyt and LCR from a cervical swab in LCx transport medium was high (for C. trachomatis, agreement = 0.97 and kappa = 0.92; for N. gonorrhoeae, agreement = 0.99 and kappa = 0.96). Test performances were similar for LCR-urine, LCR-cervix, and LCR-ThinPrep, with sensitivities from 93 to 99% for C. trachomatis and 81 to 83% for N. gonorrhoeae and specificities from 95.5 to 99% for C. trachomatis and 99.1 to 99.6% for N. gonorrhoeae using a PCR-based multiple-site infection status standard. This is the first study to examine the agreement between liquid cytologic media and multiple nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae from patient samples. Cytologic fluid shows promise for simultaneous screening for cytologic abnormalities and sexually transmitted infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), DSTD NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1507 EP 1511 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1507-1511.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900025 PM 12682137 ER PT J AU Courtney, JW Dryden, RL Montgomery, J Schneider, BS Smith, G Massung, RF AF Courtney, JW Dryden, RL Montgomery, J Schneider, BS Smith, G Massung, RF TI Molecular characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes scapularzs ticks from Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NEW-YORK-STATE; LYME-DISEASE; BORNE PATHOGENS; UNITED-STATES; AGENT; VECTOR; TRANSMISSION; COINFECTION AB Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected in 2000 and 2001 from two areas in Pennsylvania and tested for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi by PCR and DNA sequencing. Of the ticks collected from northwestern and southeastern Pennsylvania, 162 of 263 (61.6%) and 25 of 191 (13.1%), respectively, were found to be positive for B. burgdorferi. DNA sequencing showed >99% identity with B. burgdorferi strains B31 and JD1. PCR testing for A. phagocytophilum revealed that 5 of 263 (1.9%) from northwestern Pennsylvania and 76 of 191 (39.8%) from southeastern Pennsylvania were positive. DNA sequencing revealed two genotypes of A. phagocytophilum, the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent and a variant (AP-Variant 1) that has not been associated with human infection. Although only the HGE agent was present in northwestern Pennsylvania, both genotypes were found in southeastern Pennsylvania. These data add to a growing body of evidence showing that AP-Variant 1 is the predominant agent in areas where both genotypes coexist. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington & Jefferson Coll, Washington, DC USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1569 EP 1573 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1569-1573.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900035 PM 12682147 ER PT J AU Meats, E Feil, EJ Stringer, S Cody, AJ Goldstein, R Kroll, JS Popovic, TJ Spratt, BG AF Meats, E Feil, EJ Stringer, S Cody, AJ Goldstein, R Kroll, JS Popovic, TJ Spratt, BG TI Characterization of encapsulated and noncapsulated Haemophilus influenzae and determination of phylogenetic relationships by multilocus sequence typing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B CONJUGATE VACCINES; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; INVASIVE DISEASE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEROTYPE; STRAINS; RECOMBINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme has been developed for the unambiguous characterization of encapsulated and noncapsulated Haemophilus influenzae isolates. The sequences of internal fragments of seven housekeeping genes were determined for 131 isolates, comprising a diverse set of 104 serotype a, b, c, d, e, and f isolates and 27 noncapsulated isolates. Many of the encapsulated isolates had previously been characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), and the validity of the MLST scheme was established by the very similar clustering of isolates obtained by these methods. Isolates of serotypes c, d, e, and f formed monophyletic groups on a dendrogram constructed from the differences in the allelic profiles of the isolates, whereas there were highly divergent lineages of both serotype a and b isolates. Noncapsulated isolates were distinct from encapsulated isolates and, with one exception, were within two highly divergent clusters. The relationships between the major lineages of encapsulated H. influenzae inferred from MLEE data could not be discerned on a dendrogram constructed from differences in the allelic profiles, but were apparent on a tree reconstructed from the concatenated nucleotide sequences. Recombination has not therefore completely eliminated phylogenetic signal, and in support of this, for encapsulated isolates, there was significant congruence between many of the trees reconstructed from the sequences of the seven individual loci. Congruence was less apparent for noncapsulated isolates, suggesting that the impact of recombination is greater among noncapsulated than encapsulated isolates. The H. influenzae MLST scheme is available at www.mlst.net, it allows any isolate to be compared with those in the MLST database, and (for encapsulated isolates) it assigns isolates to their phylogenetic lineage, via the Internet. C1 St Marys Hosp, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Fac Med, Imperial Coll London, London W2 1PG, England. St Marys Hosp, Mol Infect Dis Grp, Dept Paediat, Imperial Coll London, London W2 1PG, England. Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, PHL Haemophilus Reference Unit, Acad Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. John Radcliffe Hosp, Mol Infect Dis Grp, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Oxford OX3 9DS, England. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Mol Genet Sect, Div Pediat Infect Dis,Maxwell Finland Lab Infect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spratt, BG (reprint author), St Marys Hosp, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Fac Med, Imperial Coll London, Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. RI Spratt, Brian/A-1676-2009 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R21 DC005564, R21 DC005564-01, R55 DC004583, R55 DC004583-01A1] NR 43 TC 190 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1623 EP 1636 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1623-1636.2003 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900042 PM 12682154 ER PT J AU Huard, RC Lazzarini, LCD Butler, WR van Soolingen, D Ho, JL AF Huard, RC Lazzarini, LCD Butler, WR van Soolingen, D Ho, JL TI PCR-based method to differentiate the subspecies of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex on the basis of genomic deletions SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC-MARKERS; BOVIS STRAINS; WEST-AFRICA; HSP65 GENE; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB The classical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) subspecies include Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum (subtypes I and II), Mycobacterium bovis (along with the attenuated M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin [BCG]), and Mycobacterium microti; increasingly recognized MtbC groupings include Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae and "Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. canettii" Previous investigations have documented each MtbC subspecies as a source of animal and/or human tuberculosis. However, study of these organisms is hindered by the lack of a single protocol that quickly and easily differentiates all of the MtbC groupings. Towards this end we have developed a rapid, simple, and reliable PCR-based MtbC typing method that makes use of MtbC chromosomal region-of-difference deletion loci. Here, seven primer pairs (which amplify within the loci 16S rRNA, Rv0577, IS1561', Rv1510, Rv1970, Rv3877/8, and Rv3120) were run in separate but simultaneous reactions. Each primer pair either specifically amplified a DNA fragment of a unique size or failed, depending upon the source mycobacterial DNA. The pattern of amplification products from all of the reactions, visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis, allowed immediate identification either as MtbC composed of M. tuberculosis (or M. africanum subtype II), M. africanum subtype I, M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, M. caprae, M. micron, or "M. canettii" or as a Mycobacterium other than MtbC (MOTT). This MtbC PCR typing panel provides an advanced approach to determine the subspecies of MtbC isolates and to differentiate them from clinically important MOTT species. It has proven beneficial in the management of Mycobacterium collections and may be applied for practical clinical and epidemiological use. C1 Cornell Univ, Joan & Sanford I Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Ho, JL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Joan & Sanford I Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, Room A-421,525 E 68th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW000018, D43 TW00018]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R0-1 HL61960]; NIAID NIH HHS [R0-1 AI39606] NR 45 TC 154 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1637 EP 1650 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1637-1650.2003 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 666LZ UT WOS:000182179900043 PM 12682155 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Nix, WA Maher, K Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Nix, WA Maher, K Pallansch, MA TI Improved molecular identification of enteroviruses by RT-PCR and amplicon sequencing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RT-PCR; enterovirus; molecular serotyping ID CLASSIFICATION; PICORNAVIRUSES; SEROTYPE; VP1 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 169 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 375 EP 377 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(03)00004-0 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 659ZQ UT WOS:000181809700014 PM 12637088 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS Wicklund, JH Olsen, SJ Krause, G Wells, JG Bartkus, JM Boxrud, DJ Sullivan, M Kassenborg, H Besser, JM Mintz, ED Osterholm, MT Hedberg, CW AF Naimi, TS Wicklund, JH Olsen, SJ Krause, G Wells, JG Bartkus, JM Boxrud, DJ Sullivan, M Kassenborg, H Besser, JM Mintz, ED Osterholm, MT Hedberg, CW TI Concurrent outbreaks of Shigella sonnei and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections associated with parsley: Implications for surveillance and control of foodborne illness SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CRITERIA; FOOD AB In recent years, the globalization of the food supply and the development of extensive food distribution networks have increased the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks involving multiple states or countries. In particular, outbreaks associated with fresh produce have emerged as an important public health concern. During July and August 1998, eight restaurant-associated outbreaks of shigellosis caused by a common strain of Shigella sonnei occurred in the United States and Canada. The outbreak strain was characterized by unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Epidemiologic investigation determined that the illness was associated with the ingestion of parsley at four restaurants; at the other four restaurants, the majority of the people who contracted the illness ate parsley. Isolates from patrons in two unrelated restaurant-associated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) outbreaks in Minnesota shared a common serotype and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Parsley was the implicated or suspected source of both ETEC outbreaks. In each of the outbreak-associated restaurants, parsley was chopped, held at, room temperature, and used as an ingredient or garnish for multiple dishes. Infected food workers at several restaurants may also have contributed to the propagation of the outbreak. The sources of parsley served in outbreak-associated restaurants were traced, and a 1,600-acre farm in Baja California, Mexico, was identified as a likely source of the parsley implicated in six of the seven Shigella outbreaks and as a possible source of the parsley implicated in the two ETEC outbreaks. Global food supplies and large distribution networks demand strengthened laboratory and epidemiologic capacity to enable state and local public health agencies to conduct foodborne disease surveillance and to promote effective responses to multistate outbreaks. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab Div, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hedberg, CW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, MMC 807,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. OI Krause, Gerard/0000-0003-3328-8808 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU511190] NR 19 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 4 BP 535 EP 541 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 665PY UT WOS:000182130900001 PM 12696674 ER PT J AU Budnitz, D Pollock, D Annest, L Elbert, S McDonald, A AF Budnitz, D Pollock, D Annest, L Elbert, S McDonald, A TI Surveillance of outpatient adverse drug events - A pilot study using the national electronic injury surveillance system. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2003 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 SU 1 BP 280 EP 280 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 673DF UT WOS:000182564301161 ER PT J AU Kim, C Williamson, DF Mangione, CM Safford, MM Selby, JV Marrero, DG Curb, JD Thompson, TJ Herman, WH AF Kim, C Williamson, DF Mangione, CM Safford, MM Selby, JV Marrero, DG Curb, JD Thompson, TJ Herman, WH TI Managed care profit status, model type, and diabetes care. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2003 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Livingston, NJ USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 SU 1 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 673DF UT WOS:000182564301195 ER PT J AU Kim, C Beckles, GL AF Kim, C Beckles, GL TI Management of cardiovascular risk factors in men and women and the behavioral risk factor surveillance study. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2003 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 18 SU 1 BP 302 EP 302 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 673DF UT WOS:000182564301264 ER PT J AU Shouval, D Ashur, Y Victor, J Monto, A Bell, B Margolis, H Adler, R Nainan, O Daudi, N Almogi, R Leventhal, A AF Shouval, D Ashur, Y Victor, J Monto, A Bell, B Margolis, H Adler, R Nainan, O Daudi, N Almogi, R Leventhal, A TI Universal hepatitis A vaccination of young children is leading to disappearance of hepatitis A in adolescents and adults SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2003 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 Hadassah Univ Hosp, Liver Unit, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Minist Hlth, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 38 SU 2 MA 594 BP 172 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(03)80860-7 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 666JQ UT WOS:000182174500587 ER PT J AU Ayisi, JG Branch, OH Rafi-Janajreh, A van Eijk, AM ter Kuile, FO Rosen, DH Kager, PA Lanar, DE Barbosa, A Kaslow, D Nahlen, BL Lal, AA AF Ayisi, JG Branch, OH Rafi-Janajreh, A van Eijk, AM ter Kuile, FO Rosen, DH Kager, PA Lanar, DE Barbosa, A Kaslow, D Nahlen, BL Lal, AA TI Does infection with human immunodeficiency virus affect the antibody responses to Plasmodium faiciparum antigenic determinants in asymptomatic pregnant women? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID PLACENTAL MALARIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; UGANDAN ADULTS; HIV-INFECTION; WESTERN KENYA; BURKINA-FASO; RISK-FACTORS; FALCIPARUM; AREA; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: HIV-seropositive pregnant women are more susceptible to malaria than HIV-seronegative women. We assessed whether HIV infection alters maternal and cord plasma malarial antibody responses and the mother-to-infant transfer of malaria antibodies. Methods: We determined plasma levels of maternal and cord antibodies [Immunoglobulin (IgG)] to recombinant malarial proteins [merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1(19kD)), the erythrocyte binding antigen (EBA-175)], the synthetic peptides [MSP-2, MSP-3, rhoptry associated protein 1 (RAP-1), and the pre-erythrocytic stage, circumsporozoite protein (NANP)5] antigenic determinants of Plasmodium falciparum; and tetanus toxoid (TT) by ELISA among samples of 99 HIV-seropositive mothers, 69 of their infants, 102 HIV-seronegative mothers and 62 of their infants. Results: The prevalence of maternal antibodies to the malarial antigenic determinants ranged from 18% on MSP3 to 91% on EBA-175; in cord plasma it ranged from 13% to 91%, respectively. More than 97% of maternal and cord samples had antibodies to TT. In multivariate analysis, HIV infection was only associated with reduced antibodies to (NANP)5 in maternal (P = 0.001) and cord plasma (P = 0.001); and reduced mother-to-infant antibody transfer to (NANP)5 (P = 0.012). This effect of HIV was independent of maternal age, gravidity and placental malaria. No consistent HIV-associated differences were observed for other antigenic determinants. Conclusion: An effect of HIV infection was only observed on one malarial antigenic determinant, suggesting that the increased susceptibility to malaria among HIV-infected pregnant women may not be explained on the basis of their reduced antibody response to malaria antigens. (C) 2003 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ayisi, JG (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 3 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1053/jinf.2002.1088 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 661HE UT WOS:000181884500004 PM 12643865 ER PT J AU Promadej, N Costello, C Wernett, MM Kulkarni, PS Robison, VA Nelson, KE Hodge, TW Suriyanon, V Duerr, A McNicholl, JM AF Promadej, N Costello, C Wernett, MM Kulkarni, PS Robison, VA Nelson, KE Hodge, TW Suriyanon, V Duerr, A McNicholl, JM TI Broad human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific T cell responses to conserved HIV proteins in HIV-seronegative women highly exposed to a single HIV-infected partner SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; NORTHERN THAILAND; TYPE-1 INFECTION; SUBTYPE-E; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MUCOSAL IGA; VIRAL LOAD; HIGH-RISK; RESISTANCE AB Eighteen highly exposed but persistently seronegative (HEPS) women (HW) and their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive male partners were studied for HIV-specific T cells and other host factors. Circulating HIV-specific T cells were measured by interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assays, using recombinant vaccinia virus vectors expressing HIV proteins. Nine (50%) of the HW and all HIV-seropositive persons had HIV-specific T cell responses. Only 2 (22%) of the HEPS responders recognized Env, compared with 94% of HIV-seropositive persons. A high percentage (75%) of the HW with HIV-specific T cell responses reported recent HIV exposure. Remarkably, however, long-lived HIV-specific T cells were detected in 2 HW who had an extended period (>3.9 years) of no HIV exposure. These findings have important implications for HIV vaccine design. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai, Thailand. RP Duerr, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 3005 Chamblee Tucker Rd,Columbia Bldg,Rm 1091, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Aduerr@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 7 BP 1053 EP 1063 DI 10.1086/368127 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 658GJ UT WOS:000181713000004 PM 12660919 ER PT J AU Lu, X Cho, D Hall, H Rowe, T Sung, H Kim, W Kang, C Mo, I Cox, N Klimov, A Katz, J AF Lu, X Cho, D Hall, H Rowe, T Sung, H Kim, W Kang, C Mo, I Cox, N Klimov, A Katz, J TI Pathogenicity and antigenicity of a new influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from duck meat SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza virus; pathogenesis; antigenic analysis; duck; mice; ferret ID A H5N1; AVIAN INFLUENZA; HONG-KONG; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; HUMANS; INFECTION; POULTRY; MICE; PATHOGENESIS AB Avian influenza A viruses are the ancestral origin of all human influenza viruses. The outbreak of highly pathogenic (HP) avian H5N1 in Hong Kong in 1997 highlighted the potential of these viruses to infect and cause severe disease in humans. Since 1999, HP H5N1 viruses were isolated several times from domestic poultry in Asia. In 2001, a HP H5N1 virus, A/Duck/Anyang/AVL-1/2001 (Dk/Anyang), was isolated from imported frozen duck meat in Korea. Because of this novel source of HP H5N1 virus isolation, concerns were raised about the potential for human exposure and infection; we therefore compared the Dk/Anyang virus with HP H5N1 viruses isolated from humans in 1997 in terms of antigenicity and pathogenicity for mammals. At high doses, Dk/Anyang virus caused up to 50% mortality in BALB/c mice, was isolated from the brains and lymphoid organs of mice, and caused lymphopenia. Overall Dk/Anyang virus was substantially less pathogenic for mice than the H5N1 virus isolated from a fatal human case in 1997. Likewise, Dk/Anyang virus was apathogenic for ferrets. Dk/Anyang virus was antigenically distinguishable by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay from human H5N1 viruses isolated in 1997 and avian H5N1 viruses isolated in 2001 in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, prior infection with Dk/Anyang virus protected mice from death after secondary infection with HP human H5N1 viruses. These results indicate that compared with HP human H5N1 viruses, Dk/Anyang virus is substantially less pathogenic for mammalian species. Nevertheless, the novel source of isolation of this avian H5N1 virus must be considered when evaluating the potential risk to public health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Avian Dis Div, Anyang, South Korea. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Ctr Influenza, Lab Resp Viruses, Seoul, South Korea. RP Katz, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Kim, Woo Joo/D-2733-2015 OI Kim, Woo Joo/0000-0002-4546-3880 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 4 BP 553 EP 559 DI 10.1002/jmv.10344 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 649UE UT WOS:000181225700014 PM 12601764 ER PT J AU Adams, EJ Grummer-Strawn, L Chavez, G AF Adams, EJ Grummer-Strawn, L Chavez, G TI Food insecurity is associated with increased risk of obesity in California women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology Conference CY DEC 12-13, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE food insecurity; hunger; obesity; women; California ID LOW FAMILY INCOME; UNITED-STATES; INSUFFICIENCY; HEALTH; CONSEQUENCES; RESTRICTION; OVERWEIGHT; NUTRITION; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIC AB Food insecurity, the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, maybe associated with disordered eating and a poor diet, potentially increasing risk for obesity and health problems. Patterns of food insecurity in California-women are described and relationships between food insecurity and obesity (body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)) are evaluated using data from the 1998 and 1999 California Women's Health Survey. A total of 8169 women aged greater than or equal to 18 y were randomly selected and interviewed by telephone. Food insecurity was evaluated by use of four questions adapted from the U.S. Household Food Security Module. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between food insecurity and obesity, controlling for income, race/ethnicity, education, country of birth, general health status and walking. Food insecurity without hunger affected 13.9% of the population and food insecurity with hunger, 4.3%. Almost one fifth (18.8%) of the population was-obese. Obesity was more prevalent in food insecure (31.0%) than in food secure women (16.2%). Food insecurity without hunger was associated with increased risk of obesity in whites [odds ratio (OR) = 1.36] and others (OR = 1.47). Food insecurity with hunger was associated with increased risk of obesity for Asians, Blacks and Hispanics (OR = 2.81) but not for non-Hispanic Whites (OR = 0.82). Food insecurity is associated with increased likelihood of obesity and risk is greatest in nonwhites. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Maternal & Child Hlth Branch, Sacramento, CA 95815 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Adams, EJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 27 TC 166 Z9 170 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 4 BP 1070 EP 1074 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 663ZF UT WOS:000182036700015 PM 12672921 ER PT J AU Loeppke, R Hymel, PA Lofland, JH Pizzi, LT Konicki, DL Anstadt, GW Baase, C Fortuna, J Scharf, T AF Loeppke, R Hymel, PA Lofland, JH Pizzi, LT Konicki, DL Anstadt, GW Baase, C Fortuna, J Scharf, T CA Amer Coll Occupational Environm Me TI Health-related Workplace productivity measurement: General and migraine-specific recommendations from the ACOEM expert panel SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; LOSS QUESTIONNAIRE; DOUBLE-BLIND; WORK; SUMATRIPTAN; IMPACT; COSTS; VALIDATION; OUTCOMES AB An establishment of health-related productivity measurements and critical evaluation of health-related productivity tools is needed. An expert panel was created. A literature search was conducted to identify health-related productivity measurement tools. Each instrument was reviewed for: 1) supporting scientific evidence (eg, reliability and validity); 2) applicability to various types of occupations, diseases, and level of severity of disease; 3) ability to translate data into a monetary unit; and 4) practicality. A modified Delphi technique was used to build consensus. The expert panel recommended absenteeism, presenteeism, and employee turnover/replacement costs as key elements of workplace health-related productivity measurement. The panel also recommended that productivity instruments should: 1) have supporting scientific evidence, 2) be applicable to the particular work setting, 3) be supportive of effective business decision-making, and 4) be practical. Six productivity measurement tools were reviewed. The panel recommended necessary elements of workplace health-related productivity measurement, key characteristics for evaluating instruments, and tools for measuring work loss. Continued research, validation, and on-going evaluation of health-related productivity instruments are needed. C1 Hlth & Productiv Corp Amer, Franklin, TN 37065 USA. Hughes Elect, El Segundo, CA USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Off Hlth Policy & Clin Outcomes, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Amer Coll Occupat & Environm Med, Arlington Hts, IL USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Dorland Sweeney & Jones, Philadelphia, PA USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Loeppke, R (reprint author), Hlth & Productiv Corp Amer, POB 1503, Franklin, TN 37065 USA. FU PHS HHS [K-08 00005] NR 39 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 45 IS 4 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000063619.37065.e2 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 667VA UT WOS:000182253700006 PM 12708138 ER PT J AU Henneberger, PK Derk, SJ Davis, L Tumpowsky, C Reilly, MJ Rosenman, KD Schill, DP Valiante, D Flattery, J Harrison, R Reinisch, F Filios, MS Tift, B AF Henneberger, PK Derk, SJ Davis, L Tumpowsky, C Reilly, MJ Rosenman, KD Schill, DP Valiante, D Flattery, J Harrison, R Reinisch, F Filios, MS Tift, B TI Work-related reactive airways dysfunction syndrome cases from surveillance in selected US states SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; IRRITANT-INDUCED ASTHMA; DISABILITY; EXPOSURES; WORKPLACE; ALLERGY; ADULTS; SYSTEM AB The objective was to elaborate the descriptive epidemiology of work-related cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Cases of work-related asthma (WRA) were identified in four states in the United States during 1993-1995 as part of the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR). Information gathered by follow-back interview was used to describe 123 work-related RADS cases and to compare them to 301 other WRA cases whose onset of disease was associated with a known asthma inducer. RADS represented 14% of all new-onset WRA cases identified by the state SENSOR surveillance systems. RADS cases had significant adverse medical and occupational outcomes identified by follow-back interview. In particular, 89% still had breathing problems, 78% had ever sought emergency care and 39% had ever been hospitalized for work-related breathing problems, 54% had applied for worker compensation benefits, and 41% had left the company where they experienced onset of asthma. These values equaled or exceeded the comparable figures for those WRA cases whose onset was attributed to a known inducer. Work-related RADS represents a minority of all WRA cases, but the adverse impact of this condition appears to equal that of other WRA cases. C1 NIOSH, Epidemiol Team, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Henneberger, PK (reprint author), NIOSH, Epidemiol Team, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 45 IS 4 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000063620.37065.6f PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 667VA UT WOS:000182253700007 PM 12708139 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Dworkin, MS AF Sullivan, PS Dworkin, MS CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Prevalence and correlates of fatigue among persons with HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fatigue; HIV; anemia; depression ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; AIDS; ILLNESS; CANCER AB To describe prevalence of fatigue and its correlates among persons with HIV infection, we abstracted medical records of 13, 768 persons in care for HIV in > 100 US clinics. The prevalence of fatigue (defined as fatigue, malaise, or weakness that was the primary reason for a medical visit, was persistent, or was severe enough to preclude work) was 37%. Fatigue was more common among persons with clinical AIDS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.3, CI 1.1-1.5); depression (AOR 2.4, CI 2.1-2.7); and hemoglobin concentrations <8, 8-10, and 10-12 g/dL (AORs 3.3 [CI 2.4-4.6], 2.7 [CI 2.2-3.2], and 1.5 [CI 1.3-1.7], respectively). Fatigue was not associated with viral load or CD4 cell count <200/mul. Fatigue cannot be viewed solely as a constitutional symptom of progressive HIV disease. Physicians should seek underlying, treatable causes for fatigue such as depression and anemia and treat these conditions when they are found. (C) 2003 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 15 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0885-3924 J9 J PAIN SYMPTOM MANAG JI J. Pain Symptom Manage. PD APR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1016/S0885-3924(02)00676-0 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal; Clinical Neurology SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 666HJ UT WOS:000182171300007 PM 12691684 ER PT J AU da Silva, DS Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Lehman, T Dubey, JP AF da Silva, DS Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Lehman, T Dubey, JP TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in chickens from an area in southern Brazil highly endemic to humans SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES; OOCYSTS AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens from Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, was examined to evaluate environmental contamination by oocysts. Antibodies against T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) in sera of chickens. Antibodies against the parasite were found in 129 of 198 chickens with MAT titers greater than or equal to1:25. Brains and hearts of 86 of the 198 chickens were bioassayed in mice for the presence of T. gondii. Viable parasites were isolated from 61 (70.9%) of the 86 chickens. Importantly, viable T. gondii were recovered even from seronegative chickens (MAT titer less than or equal to1:10). The distribution of parasite-positive chickens by MAT titer was 4 of 17 (titer less than or equal to1:10), 3 of 4 (titer of 1: 20), 2 of 6 (titer of 1:40), and 52 of 59 (titer greater than or equal to1:80). Thus, the high recovery rate of T. gondii observed in mice is indicative of high levels of environmental contamination of free-range chickens by T. gondii oocysts in this area that is endemic to humans. C1 Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Ctr Biociencias & Biotechnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, BR-28013600 Goytacazes, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bahia-Oliveira, LMG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 89 IS 2 BP 394 EP 396 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0394:POTGIC]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 672RP UT WOS:000182535500034 PM 12760664 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Jones, SE Kann, L McManus, T AF Brener, ND Jones, SE Kann, L McManus, T TI Variation in school health policies and programs by demographic characteristics of US schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB To understand the relationship between demographic characteristics of schools and school health policies and programs, this study analyzed data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2000. SHPPS 2000 provides nationally representative data on eight components of school health. Data were collected from school faculty and staff using onsite, computer-assisted personal interviews, then linked with extant data on school characteristics. Results from a series of regression analyses indicated that the presence of most policies and programs examined differed according to school type (public, private, or Catholic), urbanicity, school enrollment size, per-pupil expenditure, percentage of White students and, among high schools, percentage of college-bound students. No one type of school, however, was more likely than another type to have all key aspects of a school health program in place. Regardless of school characteristics, all schools are capable of implementing quality school health programs. C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD APR PY 2003 VL 73 IS 4 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 671JN UT WOS:000182461800004 PM 12728612 ER PT J AU Agelli, M Porter, K McQuillan, G Kington, R AF Agelli, M Porter, K McQuillan, G Kington, R TI Factors associated with consent in the adults participating in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 14-18, 2003 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP American Geriatr Soc C1 NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCHS, CDC, Hyattsville, MD USA. NIH OD, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA P327 BP S152 EP S152 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 667VP UT WOS:000182255100371 ER PT J AU Gray, SL Penninx, B Blough, D Artz, M Guralnik, J Wallace, R Buchner, D LaCroix, A AF Gray, SL Penninx, B Blough, D Artz, M Guralnik, J Wallace, R Buchner, D LaCroix, A TI Benzodiazepine use and physical performance in community dwelling older women. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 14-18, 2003 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP American Geriatr Soc C1 Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NIA, Epidemiol & Demog Sect, Bethesda, DC USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. CDC, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA P452 BP S194 EP S194 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 667VP UT WOS:000182255100497 ER PT J AU Richards, CL Kupronis, BA Whitney, CG AF Richards, CL Kupronis, BA Whitney, CG CA E Active Bacterial Core TI Invasive pneumococcal disease among the elderly residing in long-term care facilities and community-living elderly. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 14-18, 2003 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP American Geriatr Soc C1 CDC, DHQP, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, DBMD, NCID, RDB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA P436 BP S188 EP S188 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 667VP UT WOS:000182255100480 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Switzer, WM Foley, BT Robertson, DL Goeken, RA Korber, BT Hirsch, VM Beer, BE AF Hu, JJ Switzer, WM Foley, BT Robertson, DL Goeken, RA Korber, BT Hirsch, VM Beer, BE TI Characterization and comparison of recombinant simian immunodeficiency virus from drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) isolates SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; WILD-CAPTURED CHIMPANZEE; CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION; RED-CAPPED MANGABEY; PRIMATE LENTIVIRUS; NATURAL INFECTION; HIGHLY DIVERGENT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; CERCOPITHECUS-LHOESTI AB Since simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was found to be the source of the human AIDS pandemic, a major goal has been to characterize the diversity of SIV strains in the wild and to assess their potential for crossover into humans. In the present study, SIV was isolated from a seropositive drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and three seropositive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) by using macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Full-length sequences were obtained from a drill and mandrill and designated SIVdrl1FAO and SIVmnd5440, respectively. A 182-bp fragment of the pol genes of the two remaining mandrill SIV isolates was also analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that SIVdrl1FAO formed a monophyletic clade with SIVmnd5440 and SIVmndM14, recently designated SIVmnd type 2. Both the SIVdrl and SIVmnd type 2 genomes carried a vpx gene and appeared to share a common ancestor with SIVrcm in the 5' region of the genome and with SIVmndGB1 (type 1) in the 3' region of the genome. A statistically significant recombination breakpoint was detected at the beginning of envelope, suggesting that the viruses were descendents of the same recombinant. Phylogenetic analysis of vpx and vpr genes demonstrated that the vpx genes formed a monophyletic cluster that grouped with vpr from SIVagm. In addition, both SIVdrl1FAO and SIVmnd5440 replicated in human PBMC and therefore could pose a risk of transmission to the human population. C1 NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Hirsch, VM (reprint author), NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, 12441 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 56 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 8 BP 4867 EP 4880 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4867-4880.2003 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 662VU UT WOS:000181970200040 PM 12663793 ER PT J AU Krebs, JW Williams, SM Smith, JS Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE AF Krebs, JW Williams, SM Smith, JS Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE TI Rabies among infrequently reported mammalian carnivores in the United States, 1960-2000 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE carnivora; Canis latrans; coyote; Herpestes auropunctatus; Herpestes javanicus; infrequent reports; mongoose; rabies; rabies distribution; rabies surveillance ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; WEST-INDIES; COYOTES; TEXAS; DOGS; VACCINATION; CANADENSIS; STRATEGIES; MONGOOSES; ANTIGUA AB Most cases of rabies reported annually in the United States occur among three groups of carnivores-raccoons (Procyon lotor), ski-inks (Mephitis, Spilogale, and Putorius), foxes (Vulpes, Urocyon, and Alopex)-and among bats (numerous species). However, between 1960 and 2000, a total of 2,851 cases of rabies in 17 other carnivore taxa were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (USA), from 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Three species of these other carnivores (mongooses [Herpestes javanicus], coyotes [Canis latrans], and bobcats [Lynx rufus]) accounted for 92% (2,624/2,851) of the cases reported among other canivorous mammals (OCMs). Most OCMs demonstrated temporal or spatial variation in numbers of reported cases. Tests of specimens from OCMs infected in the United States identified variants of the rabies virus that corresponded with variants associated with the major terrestrial reservoirs within their respective regions of origin. Variants of the rabies virus in samples from mongooses in Puerto Rico could not be distinguished from those in samples from dogs in Puerto Rico by virus typing methods. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krebs, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-SG13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 700GA UT WOS:000184103200001 PM 12910751 ER PT J AU Root, JJ Black, WC IV Calisher, CH Wilson, KR Mackie, RS Schountz, T Mills, JN Beaty, BJ AF Root, JJ Black, WC IV Calisher, CH Wilson, KR Mackie, RS Schountz, T Mills, JN Beaty, BJ TI Analyses of gene flow among populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) at sites near hantavirus pulmonary syndrome case-patient residences SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE deer mouse; hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; microsatellite; Peromyscus maniculatus; population genetics; Sin Nombre virus ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LONG-TERM; RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; RODENT POPULATIONS; MOUSE-POPULATIONS; DISTANCE; MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Gene flow and potential for Sin Nombre virus (SNV) trafficking of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was studied in Delta and Mesa counties of western Colorado (USA). The study areas included Grand Mesa and surrounding grazing and agricultural areas. This area has several natural potential barriers to rodent gene flow, including rivers, cliffs, and mountains. Ten study sites were utilized in a spatially nested design ranging from 0.65-81 kin apart; four of these sites were at or near human hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) case-patient residences. One HPS case occurred on the north side of Grand Mesa in 1993; the other three (two confirmed, one presumptive) occurred on the south side of Grand Mesa between 1999-2000. Blood and tissue samples were collected from each of 221 deer mice captured from 1999-2000. Blood samples were tested for IgG antibody to SNN At least one deer mouse had antibody to SNV at nine of 10 sites. Genomic DNA was isolated from tissue samples and alleles at six microsatellite loci were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymorphisms were resolved on denaturing polylacrylamide gels and visualized by silver staining. Traditional population genetic analyses of this study indicated moderate population subdivision among the populations surveyed, slight evidence of isolation by distance, and that the Gunnison River system may hinder gene flow in this area. Application of assignment tests indicated that approximately 73-85% of mice were assigned to their population of capture. Many of the misclassifications occurred among sites less than 1 km apart; however, some long-distance misclassifications were noted. Additionally, some misclassifications were noted among study sites on different sides of the Gunnison River system, indicating that the riparian corridor of this system may facilitate some gene flow. Overall, these data indicate that SNV trafficking is more likely at the local level, but some long-distance trafficking may be possible, especially where select habitat variables favor long-distance movements. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, AIDL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Mesa State Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, AIDL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU81342D-02-1] NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 700GA UT WOS:000184103200005 PM 12910755 ER PT J AU Whitt, MC Levin, S Ainsworth, BE Dubose, KD AF Whitt, MC Levin, S Ainsworth, BE Dubose, KD TI Evaluation of a two-part survey item to assess moderate physical activity: The cross-cultural activity participation study SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MINORITY WOMEN; LEISURE-TIME; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OLDER; PREVENTION; INACTIVITY; ACCURACY; VALIDITY; QUESTION AB Purpose: This study evaluated a two-part survey item that assessed adherence to the national moderate physical activity (MPA) recommendation (greater than or equal to300 min/day on greater than or equal to5 days/week). Methods: Participants were African American (n = 137), Native American (n = 129), and Caucasian (n = 50) women greater than or equal to 40 years from South Carolina and New Mexico, who were participating in a study validating physical activity surveys. The survey item was compared with data obtained from MPA recorded in PA records (min/day), Caltrac accelerometers (Muscle Dynamics, Torrance, CA) (kcal/day), and pedometers (steps/day). Results: Approximately 64% of the participants reported meeting the MPA recommendation on the survey item. Adjusted analyses showed that those who reported meeting the recommendation were more active than those who reported not meeting the recommendation (109.2 vs. 83.9 min/day, 2171.2 vs. 2088.4 kcal/day, and 5795.7 vs. 4797.2 steps/day, respectively, all p < 0.0001). The types of activities recorded in the PA record did not differ by self-reported adherence to the MPA recommendation except for walking (25.2 vs. 14.0 min/day for those who reported meeting vs. not meeting the recommendation, respectively; p < 0.05). A higher proportion of those who reported meeting the recommendation also reported participating in conditioning activities compared with those who reported not meeting the recommendation (31% vs. 19%, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The two-part survey item can reliably differentiate between higher and lower levels of activity. Those who perceive themselves as meeting the MPA recommendation are, on average, likely to have higher activity levels than those who perceive that they do not meet the recommendation. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Morehead State Univ, Dept Hlth Phys Educ & Sport Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Prevent Res Ctr, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Whitt, MC (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, 8 Blockley Hall,423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [22W-U48/CCU409664-03] NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1089/154099903321667537 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 679CR UT WOS:000182903700001 PM 12804350 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Schrag, SJ Schuchat, A AF Moore, MR Schrag, SJ Schuchat, A TI Effects of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of group-B-streptococcal disease on the incidence and ecology of early-onset neonatal sepsis SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; CONTROL-GROUP SELECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RISK-FACTORS; PREMATURE RUPTURE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PRETERM LABOR; RESISTANCE; AMPICILLIN AB Sepsis occurring in the first week of life can be a devastating neonatal problem. Group B streptococci (GBS) and enterobacteriaceae are the main causes of early-onset sepsis in more developed countries. Intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis (IAP) has lowered the incidence of early-onset GEIS sepsis by 50-80%. However, there are concerns that the use of IAP may select for infections caused by enterobacteriaceae, including some strains resistant to antimicrobials. We explored potential associations between IAP use and changes in the causes of early-onset sepsis. We concluded that there have been substantial declines in the incidence of early-onset infections due to GBS and, in some settings, other bacteria. Increases in the frequencies of non-GBS or anti microbial-resistant early-onset sepsis have been limited to preterm, low-birthweight, or very-low-birthweight neonates. We propose systematic monitoring of early-onset sepsis, coupled with targeted research, to inform periodic reassessment of prevention strategies. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 72 TC 119 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 6 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00577-2 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 663MK UT WOS:000182009200019 PM 12679263 ER PT J AU Leite, CQF Anno, IS Leite, SR Roxo, E Morlock, GP Cooksey, RC AF Leite, CQF Anno, IS Leite, SR Roxo, E Morlock, GP Cooksey, RC TI Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from livestock specimens and milk obtained in Brazil SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium; livestock; bovine; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP); mycolic acid analysis; Brazil ID TUBERCULOSIS; PASTEURIZATION; BOVIS; PARATUBERCULOSIS; DIFFERENTIATION; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; INACTIVATION; COMPLEX; CATTLE AB The prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacterial species in livestock specimens and milk was evaluated. An emphasis was placed upon the distribution of these organisms in milk that is readily available to the public that was either untreated, pasteurized, or treated using ultra high temperature. Twenty-two pathologic specimens from livestock (bovine, swine and bubaline) in five Brazilian states and 128 bovine milk samples from retail markets in the State of Sao Paulo were examined for mycobacteria. Identification was made by classical biochemical tests, thin layer chromatography of mycolic acids and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Mycobacteria were isolated from 15 (68.2%) caseous lesions and from 23 (18%) milk samples. Eleven isolates were identified as M. bovis, and the remaining 27 nontuberculous mycobacterial isolates were represented by five species and six unidentified rapidly growing mycobacterial strains. The data demonstrate that animal products in Brazil are frequent reservoirs of mycobacteria and may pose a risk to the public. C1 Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, BR-14801902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Unesp, Inst Quim, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Inst Biol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leite, CQF (reprint author), Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Caixa Postal 502,Rodovia Araraquara Jau Km 1, BR-14801902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. RI Leite, Clarice/D-9492-2012; Roxo, Eliana/C-3313-2011 OI Roxo, Eliana/0000-0002-1415-6407 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD APR PY 2003 VL 98 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1590/S0074-02762003000300005 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 691QV UT WOS:000183617700005 PM 12886409 ER PT J AU Monteiro, FA Barrett, TV Fitzpatrick, S Cordon-Rosales, C Feliciangeli, D Beard, CB AF Monteiro, FA Barrett, TV Fitzpatrick, S Cordon-Rosales, C Feliciangeli, D Beard, CB TI Molecular phylogeography of the Amazonian Chagas disease vectors Rhodnius prolixus and R-robustus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazonia; cytochrome b; mtDNA; phylogeography; Rhodnius; speciation ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; CYTOCHROME-B; REDUVIIDAE; HEMIPTERA; PATTERNS; SEQUENCES; MAMMALS; RATES AB The phylogeographical structure of the closely related species Rhodnius prolixus and R. robustus is presented based on a 663-base pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Twenty haplotypes were recovered from 84 samples examined, representing 26 populations from seven Latin American countries. The resulting phylogenetic tree is composed of five major reciprocally monophyletic clades, one representing R. prolixus and four representing R. robustus . While R. prolixus is a very homogeneous assemblage, R. robustus has deeper clades and is paraphyletic, with the clade comprising R. robustus from Venezuela (Orinoco region) more closely related to the R. prolixus clade than to the other R. robustus populations from the Amazon region. The R. robustus paraphyly was supported further by the analysis of a nuclear gene (D2 region of the 28S RNA) for a subset of specimens. The data support the view that R. robustus represents a species complex. Levels of sequence divergence between clades within each region are compatible with a Pleistocene origin. Nucleotide diversity (pi) for all R. prolixus populations was extremely low (0.0008), suggesting that this species went through a recent bottleneck, and was subsequently dispersed by man. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Pathogen Mol Biol & Biochem Unit, London WC1, England. Univ Valle de Guatemala, Ctr Hlth Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Valle de Guatemala, CDC, Med Entomol Res & Training Unit Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Carabobo, Secc Entomol Med, Ctr Nacl Referencia Flebotomos, Maracay, Venezuela. RP Monteiro, FA (reprint author), Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Trop Med, Lab Doencas Parasitarias, Ave Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 57 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1006 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01802.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 660YE UT WOS:000181862100017 PM 12753218 ER PT J AU McCormick, AW Whitney, CG Farley, MM Lynfield, R Harrison, LH Bennett, NM Schaffner, W Reingold, A Hadler, J Cieslak, P Samore, MH Lipsitch, M AF McCormick, AW Whitney, CG Farley, MM Lynfield, R Harrison, LH Bennett, NM Schaffner, W Reingold, A Hadler, J Cieslak, P Samore, MH Lipsitch, M TI Geographic diversity and temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PNEUMOCOCCI; INFECTIONS; SEROTYPES; CARRIAGE; CHILDREN; NETWORK AB Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to antibiotics is increasing throughout the United States, with substantial variation among geographic regions. We show that patterns of geographic variation are best explained by the intensity of selection for resistance, which is reflected by differences between the proportions of resistance within individual serotypes, rather than by differences between the frequencies of particular serotypes. Using a mathematical transmission model, we analyzed temporal trends in the proportions of singly and dually resistant organisms and found that pneumococcal strains resistant to both penicillin and erythromycin are increasing faster than strains singly resistant to either. Using the model, we predict that by 1 July 2004, in the absence of a vaccine, 41% of pneumococci at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) sites, taken together, will be dually resistant, with 5% resistant to penicillin only and 5% to erythromycin only. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance & Emerging Infect, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Emory Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minnesota Emerging Infect Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Monroe Cty Hlth Dept, Rochester, NY USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Vanderbilt Med Ctr, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Dept Human Serv, Oregon Emerging Infect Program, Hlth Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Lipsitch, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Lipsitch, Marc/0000-0003-1504-9213 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48935] NR 27 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 424 EP 430 DI 10.1038/nm839 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 663CD UT WOS:000181987400032 PM 12627227 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Fiore, AE Gonik, B Malik, T Reef, S Singleton, JA Schuchat, A Schulkin, J AF Schrag, SJ Fiore, AE Gonik, B Malik, T Reef, S Singleton, JA Schuchat, A Schulkin, J TI Vaccination and perinatal infection prevention practices among obstetrician-gynecologists SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION AB OBJECTIVE. To assist efforts to improve adult vaccination coverage by characterizing vaccination and infectious disease screening practices of obstetrician- gynecologists. METHODS: A written survey of demographics, attitudes, and practices was mailed to 1063 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Fellows, including the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network (n = 413) and 650 randomly sampled Fellows. RESULTS: Seventy-four percent of Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network members and 44% of nonmembers responded. A majority (Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network members: 60%; nonmembers: 49%) considered themselves primary care providers. Fewer than 60% routinely obtained patient vaccination or infection histories. Most screened prenatal patients for hepatitis B surface antigen (89%) and rubella immunoglobulin G antibody (85%). Sixty-four percent worked in practices that offered at least one vaccine; the most common were rubella (52%) and influenza (50%). Ten percent worked in practices that offered all major vaccines recommended for pregnant or postpartum women. Despite recommendations to provide influenza vaccine to pregnant women during influenza season, only 44% did so; among those who did not, 14% reported a belief that pregnant women do not need influenza vaccine. Provision of vaccine was associated with working in a multispecialty practice (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 4.1) and identifying as a primary care provider (adjusted OR 1.9; 95% Cl 1.3, 2.7). The most common reasons for not offering vaccines were cost (44%) and a belief that vaccines should be provided elsewhere (41%). CONCLUSION: The high proportion of obstetrician- gynecologists who do not offer vaccines or screen for vaccine and infection histories suggests missed opportunities for prevention of maternal and neonatal infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-C23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 4 BP 704 EP 710 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00010-3 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 661PV UT WOS:000181899700016 PM 12681874 ER PT J AU Lanzieri, TM Segatto, TC Siqueira, MM Santos, ECD Jin, L Prevots, DR AF Lanzieri, TM Segatto, TC Siqueira, MM Santos, ECD Jin, L Prevots, DR TI Burden of congenital rubella syndrome after a community-wide rubella outbreak, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, 2000 to 2001 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rubella; outbreaks; vaccination; congenital rubella syndrome ID UNITED-STATES; ELIMINATION AB Background. During 1999 and 2000 rubella outbreaks were reported in 20 of 27 states in Brazil, many among young adults. We investigated a large rubella outbreak in Rio Branco, Acre, in northwestern Brazil, where rubella vaccination targeting children 1 to 11 years old had been introduced in April 2000. Surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was initiated after the outbreak. Methods. Suspected rubella cases were detected through active and passive surveillance. Confirmed rubella cases were patients with fever, rash and rubella-specific IgM antibodies. Suspected CRS cases were infants born with CRS-compatible defects or born to mothers with a history of rubella during pregnancy. Confirmed cases were infants with CRS-compatible defects and rubella-specific IgM antibodies. Results. From April 1 to December 31, 2000, 391 confirmed rubella cases were reported. The incidence among persons ages 12 to 19 years (3.3 per 1000 population) was increased 3.7-fold relative to children ages 1 to 4 years (95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 5.8). Of 21 infants with suspected CRS cases, 17 (91%) were tested for rubella-specific antibodies, of whom 7 were IgM-positive and 5 had confirmed CRS. The peak incidence of confirmed CRS (4.3 per 1000) was in March 2001, 7 months after the outbreak peak, with an annualized incidence of 0.6 per 1000. Conclusions. Vaccination among school age children was insufficient to prevent a rubella outbreak among young adults that resulted in the occurrence of at least 5 cases of CRS. To prevent further cases of CRS, outbreak vaccination of young adults was conducted in November 2000 and among women ages 12 to 39 years in 2001 as part of a national campaign, with a coverage of 98% statewide. C1 Minist Hlth, Natl Epidemiol Ctr, Natl Hlth Fdn, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Virol, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Minist Hlth, Evandro Chagas Inst, Belem, Para, Brazil. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. RP Prevots, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 668ZN UT WOS:000182327600004 PM 12690271 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE Shapiro, CN Sabin, K Labonte, K Darling, K Culver, D Bell, BP Margolis, HS AF Fiore, AE Shapiro, CN Sabin, K Labonte, K Darling, K Culver, D Bell, BP Margolis, HS TI Hepatitis A vaccination of infants: effect of maternal antibody status on antibody persistence and response to a booster dose SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE hepatitis A vaccine; immune memory; infant vaccination; passively acquired immunity; vaccine interference ID A VIRUS-INFECTIONS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; SAFETY; ADULTS AB Background. Infants with passively transferred maternal antibody (PMA) to hepatitis A virus (HAV) have lower concentrations of antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) after vaccination. We examined the effect of PMA on persistence of anti-HAV and on immune memory. Methods. We measured anti-HAV concentrations of 6-year-old children who had responded to a three dose hepatitis A vaccine series at ages 2, 4 and 6 months. Group 1 children were born to anti-HAV-negative women; Group 2 children had anti-HAV-positive mothers and PMA at 2 months of age. Children without detectable antibody at 6-year follow-up were offered a booster dose [360 enzyme-linked immunosorbent units (ELU)]. An anamnestic response was defined as a postbooster anti-HAV concentration of greater than or equal to 400 mIU/ml. Results. At follow-up, before the booster dose, Group 1 subjects had a higher geometric mean concentration (50 mIU/ml vs. 18 mIU/ml, P = 0.007), and a larger proportion retained seroprotective concentrations of anti-HAV [21 of 31 (68%) vs. 4 of 17 (24%)] compared with Group 2 subjects. The two stage antibody decline curves for the two groups from 8 months old to follow-up testing were parallel. An anamnestic response occurred in all (5 of 5) Group 1 and 67% (4 of 6) of Group 2 children. The geometric mean antibody concentrations after the booster were 1102 and 406 mIU/ml for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.10). Conclusions. Infants with PMA who receive hepatitis A vaccine have significantly lower concentrations of anti-HAV 6 years later than infants with no PMA who receive hepatitis A vaccine. Immune memory may remain functional despite these lower anti-HAV concentrations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 354 EP 359 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 668ZN UT WOS:000182327600010 PM 12690277 ER PT J AU Akinbami, LJ Rhodes, JC AF Akinbami, LJ Rhodes, JC TI Racial differences in asthma diagnosis among children who wheeze SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 123 BP 22A EP 22A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897900124 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, BH Yusuf, H Gust, D Schwartz, B Rodewald, L Barker, L AF Bardenheier, BH Yusuf, H Gust, D Schwartz, B Rodewald, L Barker, L TI Are parental vaccine safety concerns impacting receipt of MMR, DTaP, and hepatitis B vaccines by children? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 929 BP 163A EP 163A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897900930 ER PT J AU O'Brien, MA Lieu, TA Uyeki, TM Shay, DK Thompson, WW Kleinman, KP McAdam, A Yu, XJ Platt, R AF O'Brien, MA Lieu, TA Uyeki, TM Shay, DK Thompson, WW Kleinman, KP McAdam, A Yu, XJ Platt, R TI The incidence of outpatient visits associated with influenza in infants and young children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 937 BP 165A EP 165A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897900938 ER PT J AU Prosser, LA Rego, VH Bridges, CB Uyeki, TM Meltzer, M Schwartz, B Singleton, JA Thompson, WW Fukuda, K Lieu, TA AF Prosser, LA Rego, VH Bridges, CB Uyeki, TM Meltzer, M Schwartz, B Singleton, JA Thompson, WW Fukuda, K Lieu, TA TI Community members' values for preventing influenza and vaccine adverse events in children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 938 BP 165A EP 165A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897900939 ER PT J AU Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, GM Altaye, M Jiang, X Lourdes-Guerrero, M Meinzen-Derr, JK Farkas, T Chaturvedi, P Pickering, LK Newburg, DS AF Morrow, AL Ruiz-Palacios, GM Altaye, M Jiang, X Lourdes-Guerrero, M Meinzen-Derr, JK Farkas, T Chaturvedi, P Pickering, LK Newburg, DS TI Human milk oligosaccharides are associated with protection against diarrhea in breast-fed infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Inst Natl Ciencias Med & Nutr, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Meinzen-Derr, Jareen/N-4805-2015; Altaye, Mekibib/N-5274-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 951 BP 167A EP 167A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897900952 ER EF