FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Eskenazi, B Warner, M Mocarelli, P Chee, WY Gerthoux, P Samuels, S Needham, L Patterson, D AF Eskenazi, B Warner, M Mocarelli, P Chee, WY Gerthoux, P Samuels, S Needham, L Patterson, D TI Maternal serum dioxin levels and birth outcomes in women of Seveso, Italy SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Desio, Italy. Univ Milan, Sch Med, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S25 EP S26 DI 10.1097/00001648-200309001-00038 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600039 ER PT J AU Loffredo, C Ezzat, S Cowgill, K Gamel, EA Enewold, L Abdel-Hamid, M Abdel-Latif, ES Strickland, GT Mokhtar, N AF Loffredo, C Ezzat, S Cowgill, K Gamel, EA Enewold, L Abdel-Hamid, M Abdel-Latif, ES Strickland, GT Mokhtar, N TI Increased risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated associated with HCV and agricultural pesticides in Egypt SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 Cairo Univ, Natl Canc Inst, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Menoufia Univ, Menoufia, Egypt. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S43 EP S44 DI 10.1097/00001648-200309001-00088 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600089 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW AF Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW TI In utero: Exposure to organochlorines in relation to reproductive and developmental outcomes in the collaborative perinatal project SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 NIEHS, DHHS, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NICHHD, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S139 EP S139 DI 10.1097/00001648-200309001-00346 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600347 ER PT J AU Lopez, B Alvarez, M Mendoza, C Gerba, C Naranjo, J Luby, S Klein, R AF Lopez, B Alvarez, M Mendoza, C Gerba, C Naranjo, J Luby, S Klein, R TI Quality of source water in a rural area of Guatemala SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Lopez, Beatriz/0000-0003-1353-9948 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S30 EP S31 DI 10.1097/00001648-200309001-00052 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600053 ER PT J AU Sanchez, C Malilay, J Young, S AF Sanchez, C Malilay, J Young, S TI Risk factors for mortality during landslidesstate of Chuuk, federated States of Micronesia, 2002 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S26 EP S26 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600040 ER PT J AU Sanchez, CA Sanchez, CA Melk, J Stock, A Brown, C Mott, J AF Sanchez, CA Sanchez, CA Melk, J Stock, A Brown, C Mott, J TI Hockey players exposed to ice resurfacer emissions outside the ice rink-Pennsylvania, 2002 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S26 EP S26 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600041 ER PT J AU Spengler, R Zenick, H AF Spengler, R Zenick, H TI Evaluation of the public health impact of risk management actions: Role of environmental epidemiology SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 SU 1 BP S58 EP S59 DI 10.1097/00001648-200309001-00128 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 724LG UT WOS:000185488600129 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Factor analysis and defining the metabolic syndrome SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE blacks; ethnic groups; factor analysis; health surveys; leptin; Mexican Americans; metabolic syndrome X; nutrition surveys; sex ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; YOUNG-ADULTS; SYNDROME-X; FOLLOW-UP; BASE-LINE; HYPERTENSION; WOMEN; MEN AB Objective: The metabolic syndrome has been referred to as a number of metabolic or physiologic abnormalities that occur together more often than would be predicted by chance. Considerable controversy exists about the exact abnormalities that are a part of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the interrelations between these abnormalities. Design: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a national cross-sectional health survey. Setting: United States. Participants: Persons aged 20 years (N=6868). Main Outcome Measurements: Factors composed of variables often associated with the metabolic syndrome derived from principal components analysis. Results: Depending on the subgroup studied, the analyses suggested that at least 2 or 3 components were needed to explain the majority of variance in a set of variables. Regardless of age group, sex, race or ethnicity, 4 variables (waist circumference, fasting insulin, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) consistently loaded together on the first component, which is consistent with a metabolic syndrome factor. Some differences in the number of factors and the loading patterns occurred among 3 age groups and among men and women. Relatively minimal race or ethnic variation was observed when the data were stratified by sex. A subanalysis that included leptin concentrations produced a similar set of factors as the analysis without leptin concentration. Furthermore, leptin concentration did not provide a unifying explanation for the set of factors. Conclusions: Patterns of factors of variables, often associated with the metabolic syndrome, tended to be similar among Whites, African Americans, and Mexican Americans. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM esf2@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 429 EP 437 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 802MV UT WOS:000220168500003 PM 14632262 ER PT J AU Ashaye, MO Giles, WH AF Ashaye, MO Giles, WH TI Hypertension in blacks: A literature review SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Review DE hypertension; blacks; epidemiology ID HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; JOINT NATIONAL COMMITTEE; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; WORKING GROUP; SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; PRIMARY PREVENTION; DIETARY PATTERNS; CLINICAL-TRIAL AB Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, the first and third-leading causes of death in the United States. This review discusses the magnitude of the problem, its epidemiology, and the evaluation and management of hypertension as recommended by the reports of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Activities related to the control of this disorder are also highlighted. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1998-1994, (NHANESIII) suggest approximately three-quarters (75%) of Black hypertensives are aware of their diagnosis, but only 57% are treated and just 25% have their blood pressure under control (<140 mm Hg systolic and <90 mm Hg diastolic). Although substantial evidence indicates a significant increase in awareness of hypertension over the past three decades, control rates are remarkably low, particularly among Blacks. This review serves to emphasize and reiterate the burden of hypertension among Blacks and acts as a reminder of the need for additional research to determine if culturally competent interventions are appropriate to prevent, treat, and control this disease within this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ashaye, MO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msa6@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [T15/15-CCD01-002] NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 456 EP 462 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 802MV UT WOS:000220168500005 PM 14632264 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Liu, S Mannino, DM Giles, WH Smith, SJ AF Ford, ES Liu, S Mannino, DM Giles, WH Smith, SJ TI C-reactive protein concentration and concentrations of blood vitamins, carotenoids, and selenium among United States adults SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; C-reactive protein; selenium; retinol; vitamin C; vitamin E ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; CELL LUNG-CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BETA-CAROTENE; RISK-FACTORS; INFLAMMATION; SERUM; OXIDATION; RETINOL AB Objective: To examine the relationships between circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein and concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and selenium. Design: Cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) data. Setting: United States population. Subjects: Up to 14 519 US noninstitutionalized civilian men and women aged greater than or equal to20 y. Results: C-reactive protein concentration (dichotomized at the sex-specific 85th percentile) was inversely and significantly associated with concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters, vitamin C, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, and selenium after adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, cotinine concentration, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, and aspirin use. Conclusions: These results suggest that the inflammatory process, through the production of reactive oxygen species, may deplete stores of antioxidants. Whether increased consumption of foods rich in antioxidants or supplementation with antioxidants can provide health benefits to people characterized by elevated C-reactive protein concentrations may be worthy of further study. C1 CDCP, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014; OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844; Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 34 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1157 EP 1163 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601667 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 717FH UT WOS:000185075700017 PM 12947436 ER PT J AU Sattin, RW AF Sattin, RW TI Falls in older persons: risk factors and strategies for prevention. SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sattin, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1101-1262 J9 EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Eur. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 284 EP 285 DI 10.1093/eurpub/13.3.284-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 728CM UT WOS:000185697700020 ER PT J AU Devine, O AF Devine, O TI The impact of ignoring measurement error when estimating sample size for epidemiologic studies SO EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS LA English DT Article DE study design; measurement error; errors in variables; sample size; power ID COVARIATE MEASUREMENT ERROR; EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT ERROR; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; REGRESSION; MISCLASSIFICATION; DESIGN; POWER; VALIDATION AB The author presents two examples illustrating the bias in sample-size estimates that can result from ignoring measurement error among study variables. The first example examines the impact of ignoring misclassification of the study's outcome variable on the accuracy of sample-size estimates. In addition, the author outlines a simple yet effective means of adjusting sample-size estimates to account for outcome misclassification. In the second example, the author illustrates the potential for severe underestimation of required sample size in studies using linear regression to evaluate associations between the outcome of interest and an independent variable subject to classical measurement error The author concludes with a discussion of pertinent literature that might be helpful to study planners interested in adjusting sample-size estimates to account for measurement errors in both outcome and predictor variables. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Devine, O (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0163-2787 J9 EVAL HEALTH PROF JI Eval. Health Prof. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 315 EP 339 DI 10.1177/0163278703255232 PG 25 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 710EC UT WOS:000184667000004 PM 12971202 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Duerr, A AF Kourtis, AP Duerr, A TI Prevention of perinatal HIV transmission: a review of novel strategies SO EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS LA English DT Review DE antiretroviral; HIV immunisation; infant; mother; prevention; review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; STANDARD ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PHASE-I/II TRIAL; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTED WOMEN; RESISTANCE MUTATIONS; CLINICAL-TRIAL AB Significant progress has been made in preventing transmission of HIV-1 from mother to infant. With combination antiretroviral therapies, transmission rates lower than 2% have been achieved in clinical studies. Abbreviated regimens covering labour and the first few days of neonatal life have shown considerable promise in the developing world. Several questions and challenges remain, however. These include choice of the optimal antiretroviral agent(s) and duration of the regimens, availability of antiretroviral agents in developing countries, long-term safety of antiretrovirals during pregnancy and early neonatal life and the problem of breastfeeding transmission in countries where alternatives to breastfeeding are not available. A wider array of strategies for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 during breastfeeding, including passive and active immunisation, may offer much needed answers to the problem of continued HIV transmission from mother to infant. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), 540 Wembley Circle, Atlanta, GA 30328 USA. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHLEY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1354-3784 J9 EXPERT OPIN INV DRUG JI Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs PD SEP PY 2003 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1535 EP 1544 DI 10.1517/eoid.12.9.1535.21822 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 720CD UT WOS:000185243200006 PM 12943497 ER PT J AU Rose, CE Cieszewski, CJ Carmean, WH AF Rose, CE Cieszewski, CJ Carmean, WH TI Three methods for avoiding the impacts of incompatible site index and height prediction models demonstrated on jack pine curves for Ontario SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE incompatible site index and height equations; fixed base age equations; dynamic equations ID EQUATIONS AB Fixed base-age site indices are commonly used as a covariate in height prediction models, whereby separate site index prediction equations are used with measured age and height to predict the site index when it is unknown. In such systems, a bias may result in the height prediction if the site index equation is incompatible with the height equation. We demonstrated such bias using as an example recently published models for jack pine in northern Ontario with incompatible site index and height equations. Then we offered solutions that reduce the bias in height predictions assuming that the primary objective was to predict height. First, we re-estimated the site index equation parameters using both the site index and height equations as a common prediction system and holding the published height equation parameters constant while minimizing errors in height predictions. This substantially reduced the incompatibility between the site index and the height equations. Second, we demonstrated the use of two dynamic equations as alternatives to the fixed base-age equations. Even using an irrelevant dynamic equation for another species substantially reduced the bias in short-term jack pine height projections. However, the dynamic equation fit to the jack pine height model was the most effective in reducing the bias for height projections relative to all other considered solutions and produced the least biased, most parsimonious, and most flexible solution. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Fiber Supply Assessment, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry & Forest Environm, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. RP Rose, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Stop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 79 IS 5 BP 928 EP 935 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 748XG UT WOS:000186885800061 ER PT J AU Kershaw, TS Ethier, KA Niccolai, LM Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR AF Kershaw, TS Ethier, KA Niccolai, LM Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR TI Misperceived risk among female adolescents: Social and psychological factors associated with sexual risk accuracy SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; perceived risk; female adolescents ID PERCEIVED RISK; PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOR; AIDS RISK; PREGNANT ADOLESCENTS; COLLEGE-WOMEN; HIV-INFECTION; SAFER SEX; GAY MEN; PERCEPTIONS; VULNERABILITY AB This study of 411 urban female adolescents had 3 objectives: (a) assess the relationship between perceived risk and sexual risk behavior (condom use, number of partners, partner risk, presence of STDs, and aggregate sexual risk), (b) assess the accuracy of risk perceptions, and (c) identify variables related to inaccurate sexual risk perceptions. Participants were classified as accurate or inaccurate risk perceivers on the basis of actual sexual behavior and perceived risk. Accurate versus inaccurate risk perceivers were compared on psychological maintenance variables (self-esteem, distress, and coping), relationship context variables (partnership duration and pressure to have unprotected sex), and risk knowledge at different levels of sexual risk. Approximately half of the participants underestimated the risk of their sexual behavior. Accurate and inaccurate risk perceivers differed on risk knowledge, partnership duration, and pressure to have unprotected sex. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kershaw, TS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 135 Coll St,Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [1T32 MH20031-02, P01 MH/DA 56826-01A1] NR 59 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 5 BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.1037/0278-6133.22.5.523 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 730KJ UT WOS:000185829700010 PM 14570536 ER PT J AU Darbari, A Sabin, KM Shapiro, CN Schwarz, KB AF Darbari, A Sabin, KM Shapiro, CN Schwarz, KB TI Epidemiology of primary hepatic malignancies in US children SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-VIRUS-INFECTION; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; HEPATOBLASTOMA; VACCINATION; TAIWAN; LIVER; ASSOCIATION AB The epidemiology of primary hepatic malignancies in U.S. children is poorly characterized. We analyzed the incidence, mortality, and characteristics of primary hepatic malignancies in U.S. residents less than 20 years of age. Fatal primary hepatic malignancies in persons less than 20 years of age, between 1979 and 1996, were identified using the multiple-cause-of-death database (National Center for Health Statistics). Histologically confirmed primary hepatic malignancies occurring between 1973 and 1997 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Between 1979 and 1996, 918 primary hepatic malignancy deaths (average, 0.7/1,000,000/year) were reported nationally among persons less than 20 years of age; rates were higher among Asians and among foreign-born children. Between 1973 and 1997,271 primary hepatic malignancy cases were reported to SEER among persons less than 20 years of age, of which 184 (67%) and 83 (31%) were hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Among children less than 5 years of age, hepatoblastoma accounted for 91% of primary hepatic malignancy cases, whereas among those 15 to 19 years of age, hepatocellular carcinoma accounted for 87% of cases. Five-year survival for hepatoblastoma was 52%, compared with 18% for hepatocellular carcinoma. In the SEER sites, between 1973 and 1977 and 1993 and 1997, hepatoblastoma rates increased (0.6 to 1.2/1,000,000, respectively), while hepatocellular carcinoma rates decreased (0.45 to 0.29/1,000,000, respectively). In conclusion, histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma was reported in children less than 5 years of age, also, where hepatoblastoma is the predominant primary hepatic malignancy. Hepatocellular carcinoma has worse survival rates than hepatoblastoma, and its incidence has not increased. Better maintenance of databases may provide information about associated factors behind this unexpected occurrence. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Darbari, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Dept Pediat, Brady 320,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM adarbari@jbmi.edu OI Sabin, Keith/0000-0002-2290-8621 NR 44 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 560 EP 566 DI 10.1053/jhep.2003.50375 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 717JH UT WOS:000185085000005 PM 12939582 ER PT J AU Punkosdy, GA Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ AF Punkosdy, GA Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ TI Characterization of antibody responses to Wolbachia surface protein in humans with lymphatic filariasis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS; BRUGIA-MALAYI; BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONTS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS; PATHOGENESIS; TETRACYCLINE; NEMATODES; WORM; ELEPHANTIASIS AB Symbiotic Wolbachia organisms of filarial nematodes have received much attention as possible chemotherapy targets and disease-causing organisms. In order to further investigate the association between anti-Wolbachia immune responses and chronic filarial disease in humans, antibody responses to Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) were assayed in serum samples collected from 232 individuals living in Leogane, Haiti, an area where Wuchereria bancrofti infection is endemic, and from 67 North Americans with no history of lymphatic filariasis. As opposed to antifilarial antibody responses, which were largely influenced by the patient's infection status, the prevalence and levels of anti-WSP immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among individuals with lymphedema or hydrocele were significantly greater than those in gender- and infection-matched individuals without disease. In at least one case, the anti-WSP IgG response was coincident with the onset of lymphedema development, and among anti-WSP-positive women with lymphedema, anti-WSP IgG levels were negatively correlated with the duration of lymphedema. The presence of anti-WSP IgG was also associated with the severity of inguinal adenopathy among men with hydrocele. In addition to the presence of anti-WSP antibodies among Haitians, 15 of 67 (22%) serum samples collected from individuals from North America, where filariasis is not endemic, were also positive for anti-WSP antibodies. In comparison to those from Haitians, anti-WSP antibodies from North Americans primarily recognized a distinct region of WSP located within the highly conserved second transmembrane domain. The results of this study demonstrate that anti-WSP antibody responses are associated with the presence of chronic filarial morbidity and not filarial infection status in humans and suggest that WSP should be further studied as a potential trigger for the development of filarial disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5104 EP 5114 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.9.5104-5114.2003 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 715WR UT WOS:000184996600032 PM 12933853 ER PT J AU Nixon, JW Acton, CHC Wallis, B Ballesteros, MF Battistutta, D AF Nixon, JW Acton, CHC Wallis, B Ballesteros, MF Battistutta, D TI Injury and frequency of use of playground equipment in public schools and parks in Brisbane, Australia SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; CHILDREN; RATES AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of use of play equipment in public schools and parks in Brisbane, Australia, and to estimate an annual rate of injury per use of equipment, overall and for particular types of equipment. Methods: Injury data on all children injured from playground equipment and seeking medical attention at the emergency department of either of the two children's hospitals in the City of Brisbane were obtained for the years 1996 and 1997. Children were observed at play on five different pieces of play equipment in a random sample of 16 parks and 16 schools in the City of Brisbane. Children injured in the 16 parks and schools were counted, and rates of injury and use were calculated. Results: The ranked order for equipment use in the 16 schools was climbing equipment (3762 uses), horizontal ladders (2309 uses), and slides (856 uses). Each horizontal ladder was used 2.6 times more often than each piece of climbing equipment. Each horizontal ladder was used 7.8 times more than each piece of climbing equipment in the sample of public parks. Slides were used 4.6 times more than climbing equipment in parks and 1.2 times more in public schools. The annual injury rate for the 16 schools and 16 parks under observation was 0.59/100000 and 0.26/100000 uses of equipment, respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that annual number of injuries per standardized number of uses could be used to determine the relative risk of particular pieces of playground equipment. The low overall rate of injuries/100000 uses of equipment in this study suggests that the benefit of further reduction of injury in this community may be marginal and outweigh the economic costs in addition to reducing challenging play opportunities. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Nixon, JW (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. RI Wallis, Belinda/F-6449-2010 OI Wallis, Belinda/0000-0001-8137-7915 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1136/ip.9.3.210 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 719QK UT WOS:000185214900004 PM 12966007 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Gultom, M Irana, ID Lewis, JS Moran, JS Muhaimin, T Ryan, CA AF Joesoef, MR Gultom, M Irana, ID Lewis, JS Moran, JS Muhaimin, T Ryan, CA TI High rates of sexually transmitted diseases among male transvestites in Jakarta, Indonesia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE STD; syphilis; transvestites; Indonesia ID ORAL SEX; HIV; TRANSMISSION; RISK; MEN; PHARYNGEAL; PREVALENCE; GONORRHEA; BEHAVIORS; INFECTION AB Many male transvestites (waria) in Jakarta, Indonesia engage in unprotected receptive anal and oral intercourse with homosexual and bisexual men for pay. Although this behaviour clearly puts them at risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV infection, little is known about the prevalence of STD among them. To learn the STD prevalence and its risk factors, we conducted an STD prevalence survey among waria in North Jakarta, Indonesia. From August to December 1999 we offered screening for rectal and pharyngeal infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng), Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) by DNA probe (GenProbe PACE 2) and for Treponema pallidum (Tp) by non-treponemal and treponemal serological tests. Of 296 participants (median age 28 years), 93% reported having been paid for sex. A total of 96% reported having had oral sex (median five times/week) and/or anal sex (median three times/week) in the last week. Ng was found in the rectum of 12.8% and the pharynx of 4.2%; Ct was found in 3.8% and 2.4%, respectively. A total of 43.6% had reactive non-treponemal and treponemal tests. Of the 129 with positive treponemal tests, 42.6% had non-treponemal test titres greater than 1:8. In the logistic regression model, waria who were younger (less than or equal to25 years old) had a significantly 3.5 times risk of Ng and/or Ct infections than older waria (>25 years old). Because only 12% of waria stated that they consistently used condoms during any sex act, it is important to warn them that STD/HIV transmission can occur with either anal or oral sex and that the risk of either anal or oral transmission can be reduced by condom use. In addition, high rates of asymptomatic syphilis and rectal gonorrhoea warrant a periodic screening and treatment for these infections in this population. Because waria have the highest rates of HIV and their clients consist of homosexual and bisexual men, successful prevention efforts in waria could help curb the spread of the epidemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HIV AIDS Prevent Project, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ikatan Ahli Kesenhatan Masyarakat Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, MS-E04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP 609 EP 613 DI 10.1258/095646203322301068 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 719MM UT WOS:000185206900006 PM 14511497 ER PT J AU Sabin, KM Rahman, M Hawkes, S Ahsan, K Begum, L Black, RE Baqui, AH AF Sabin, KM Rahman, M Hawkes, S Ahsan, K Begum, L Black, RE Baqui, AH TI Sexually transmitted infections prevalence rates in slum communities of Dhaka, Bangladesh SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International STD Meeting CY 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP STD DE syphilis; hepatitis B; HIV; Bangladesh ID REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT INFECTIONS; RURAL BANGLADESH; DISEASES; HIV; SYPHILIS; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH; VIRUS; RISK AB The study objective was to estimate the prevalence of selected sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and associated factors among Dhaka slum dwellers. Blood and urine specimens were collected from 1534 men and women. Participants in this cross-sectional study responded to a questionnaire, providing socioeconomic data, symptomatology and treatment-seeking behaviour. Specimens were tested for syphilis, hepatitis B (HBsAg), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and HIV. Serologic evidence of syphilis infection was found in 6.0% of respondents, HBsAg in 3.8%. Prevalence rates of gonorrhoea and chlamydia were 1.7% and <1%, respectively. No HIV infections were found. Men were more than twice as likely as women to be infected with syphilis or HBsAg carriers. Behaviours facilitating STI transmission were common among men. Syphilis infection is prevalent enough to warrant the initiation of screening programmes in this population. The prevalence rate of hepatitis B carriage suggests that this population would benefit from universal vaccination against hepatitis B. C1 Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RP Sabin, KM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP 614 EP 621 DI 10.1258/095646203322301077 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 719MM UT WOS:000185206900007 PM 14511498 ER PT J AU Abdullah, ASM Guan, FQ Zhuo, J Zhang, SX Geng, W Ebrahim, SH AF Abdullah, ASM Guan, FQ Zhuo, J Zhang, SX Geng, W Ebrahim, SH TI Need, readiness and opportunities for family HIV/AIDS intervention in China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Letter ID HIV; PREVALENCE; SPREAD C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Maternal & Child Hlth Hosp, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Antiepidem Stn, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Publ Hlth Bur, Dis Control Dept, Guangxi Prov, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abdullah, ASM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, 5-F Acad Block,21 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP 642 EP 643 DI 10.1258/095646203322301158 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 719MM UT WOS:000185206900015 PM 14511506 ER PT J AU Cousins, DV Bastida, R Cataldi, A Quse, V Redrobe, S Dow, S Duignan, P Murray, A Dupont, C Ahmed, N Collins, DM Butler, WR Dawson, D Rodriguez, D Loureiro, J Romano, MI Alito, A Zumarraga, M Bernardelli, A AF Cousins, DV Bastida, R Cataldi, A Quse, V Redrobe, S Dow, S Duignan, P Murray, A Dupont, C Ahmed, N Collins, DM Butler, WR Dawson, D Rodriguez, D Loureiro, J Romano, MI Alito, A Zumarraga, M Bernardelli, A TI Tuberculosis in seals caused by a novel member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp nov SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; AMERICAN WILD SEALS; STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; GENETIC-MARKERS; FUR SEALS; BOVIS; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; DIAGNOSIS AB A comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from seals (pinnipeds) in Australia, Argentina, Uruguay, Great Britain and New Zealand was undertaken to determine their relationships to each other and their taxonomic position within the complex. Isolates from 30 cases of tuberculosis in six species of pinniped and seven related isolates were compared to representative and standard strains of the M. tuberculosis complex. The seal isolates could be distinguished from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex, including the recently defined 'Mycobacterium canettii' and 'Mycobacterium caprae', on the basis of host preference and phenotypic and genetic tests. Pinnipeds appear to be the natural host for this 'seal bacillus', although the organism is also pathogenic in guinea pigs, rabbits, humans, Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and, possibly, cattle. Infection caused by the seal bacillus is predominantly associated with granulomatous lesions in the peripheral lymph nodes, lungs, pleura, spleen and peritoneum. Cases of disseminated disease have been found. As with other members of the M. tuberculosis complex, aerosols are the most likely route of transmission. The name Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel member of the M. tuberculosis complex (the type strain is 6482(T) = ATCC BAA-688(T) = NCTC 13288(T)). C1 Western Australia Dept Agr, Australian Reference Lab Bovine TB, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. Univ Nacl Mar Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Marinas, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. Univ Nacl Mar Plata, CONICET, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, CICVyA, Inst Biotecnol, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol BS8 3HA, Avon, England. Fdn Mundo Marino, RA-7105 San Clemente Del Tuyu, Argentina. Massey Univ, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Pathobiol Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. CDFD, Hyderabad 500076, Andhra Pradesh, India. AgRes, Wallaceville Anim Res Ctr, Upper Hutt, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Prince Charles Hosp, Queensland Hlth Pathol Serv, Mycobacterium Reference Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4032, Australia. SENASA, DILACOT, Dept Micobacterieas, RA-1640 San Isidro, Argentina. RP Cousins, DV (reprint author), Western Australia Dept Agr, Australian Reference Lab Bovine TB, 3 Baron Hay Court, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. RI Rodriguez, Diego/L-3172-2013 OI Rodriguez, Diego/0000-0002-5080-3739 NR 66 TC 145 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 BP 1305 EP 1314 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02401-0 PN 5 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 725PG UT WOS:000185551100013 PM 13130011 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Khatri, GR AF Frieden, TR Khatri, GR TI Impact of national consultants on successful expansion of effective tuberculosis control in India SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; DOTS; WHO; supervision ID POLIO ERADICATION AB SETTING: India, during a period of rapid expansion of DOTS services. DOTS expansion has been slow in many countries. OBJECTIVE: To document use of consultants to expand DOTS effectively. DESIGN: Staff were contracted to monitor DOTS expansion and implementation. To estimate the impact of these staff, we compared areas with and without consultants, and individual areas before and after consultants were assigned. Consultants were preferentially assigned to the more difficult areas; the temporary absence of consultants reflected non-availability of candidates. RESULTS: Areas with consultants met pre-defined criteria and began DOTS service delivery faster (median 9 vs. 18 months of preparation) than areas without consultants. Rates of sputum conversion (87% vs. 83%, P < 0.001) and treatment success (83% vs. 78%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in areas with consultants present. CONCLUSION: Assignment of consultants resulted in much more rapid implementation of the DOTS strategy, and better quality performance. Continued effective performance in these areas will rely on many factors, but the need for consultants appears to be decreasing, suggesting that they have provided sustainable improvements. The effectiveness of local consultants may have important implications for efforts to scale up public health interventions for tuberculosis, malaria, AIDS and other diseases in developing countries. C1 NYC, Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. WHO, Reg Off SE Asia, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Directorate Gen Hlth Serv, New Delhi, India. FIDELIS, Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), NYC, Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,CN28,Room 331, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 7 IS 9 BP 837 EP 841 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 718RU UT WOS:000185160900005 PM 12971666 ER PT J AU Riekstina, V Sture, G Wells, C Leimane, V AF Riekstina, V Sture, G Wells, C Leimane, V TI Impact of the growing HIV-1 epidemic on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis control in Latvia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; multidrug resistance; HIV; Latvia ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AB Latvia, a country with levels of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB among the highest in the world, experienced a 58-fold increase in HIV seroprevalence among all persons tested in the country from 1996 through 2001. In addition, HIV seroprevalence among TB cases increased from 0.4% to 1.4%, and among MDR-TB cases from 0% to 5.6% from 1998 through 2001, potentially compromising gains made to date in controlling the country's MDR-TB epidemic. The following will be critical to the future of MDR-TB control in Latvia: containing HIV transmission in the country, particularly among injection drug users who comprised 72% of all HIV cases reported in the country by the end of 2001, as well as 81% of all MDR-TB cases co-infected with HIV; expanding capabilities to more rapidly detect and successfully treat patients with MDR-TB; developing mutual TB control strategies between the National TB and AIDS programs; and continuing to improve institutional infection control measures, particularly in hospitals and prisons where an increasing number of persons infected with HIV come into contact with persons with active MDR-TB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Latvian State Ctr TB & Lung Dis, Latvian Natl TB Program, Riga, Latvia. Latvian Minist Welf, Latvian Ctr Infect Dis, Riga, Latvia. RP Wells, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 7 IS 9 BP 903 EP 906 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 718RU UT WOS:000185160900016 ER PT J AU Adatu, F Odeke, R Mugenyi, M Gargioni, G McCray, E Schneider, E Maher, D AF Adatu, F Odeke, R Mugenyi, M Gargioni, G McCray, E Schneider, E Maher, D TI Implementation of the DOTS strategy for tuberculosis control in rural Kiboga District, Uganda, offering patients the option of treatment supervision in the community, 1998-1999 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE community-based TB care; DOTS; tuberculosis; health sector reform; rural; Uganda ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-INFECTION; SOUTH-AFRICA; TREATMENT PROGRAM; COUNTRIES; CARE; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; BURDEN AB SETTING: Kiboga District, a rural district in central Uganda. OBJECTIVE: As part of routine tuberculosis control programme operations, to measure the effectiveness and acceptability of community-based tuberculosis (TB) care using the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy for TB control. The implementation of the DOTS strategy with active participation of local communities in providing the option of treatment supervision in the community is known in Uganda as community-based DOTS (CB-DOTS). DESIGN: Effectiveness was measured by comparing TB case-finding and treatment outcomes before and after the introduction of CB-DOTS in 1998. Acceptability was measured by administering a knowledge, attitudes and beliefs questionnaire to community members, health care workers and TB patients before and after the intervention. RESULTS: A total of 540 TB patients were registered in the control period (1995-1997) before the introduction of CB-DOTS, and 450 were registered in the intervention period (1998-1999) after the implementation of CB-DOTS. Following the implementation of CB-DOTS, treatment success among new smear-positive pulmonary TB cases increased from 56% to 74% (RR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.5, P <0.001) and treatment interruption decreased from 23% to 1% (RR 16.5, 95%CI 6.1-44.7, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of deaths before and after the implementation of CB-DOTS (15% vs. 14`% for new smear-positive pulmonary, and 38% vs. 29% for new smear-negative and extra-pulmonary TB cases). The acceptability of CB-DOTS was very high among those interviewed, mainly because CB-DOTS improved access to TB care, decreased costs and enabled patients to stay with their families. CONCLUSIONS: In enabling patients to choose TB treatment supervision in the community, CB-DOTS provided a highly effective and acceptable additional option to conventional TB care. Efforts are underway to address the high case fatality rates in both study groups before and after the introduction of CB-DOTS. CB-DOTS is an example of shared responsibility between health services and communities in tackling a major public health priority. C1 Minist Hlth, Natl Tuberculosis & Leprosy Programme, Kampala, Uganda. WHO, Country Off Uganda, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Adatu, F (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Natl Tuberculosis & Leprosy Programme, POB 16069, Kampala, Uganda. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 7 IS 9 SU 1 BP S63 EP S71 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 720BC UT WOS:000185240000011 PM 12971656 ER PT J AU Moalosi, G Floyd, K Phatshwane, J Moeti, T Binkin, N Kenyon, T AF Moalosi, G Floyd, K Phatshwane, J Moeti, T Binkin, N Kenyon, T TI Cost-effectiveness of home-based care versus hospital care for chronically ill tuberculosis patients, Francistown, Botswana SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; cost-effectiveness; treatment; human immunodeficiency virus; Botswana AB SETTING: Francistown, Botswana, 1999. OBJECTIVE: To determine the affordability and cost effectiveness of home-based directly observed therapy (DOT) compared to hospital-based DOT for chronically ill tuberculosis (TB) patients, and to describe the characteristics of patients and their caregivers. DESIGN : Costs for each alternative strategy were analysed from the perspective of the health system and caregivers, in 1998 US$. Caregiver costs were assessed using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 50 caregivers. Health system costs were assessed using interviews with relevant staff and documentary data such as medical records and expenditure files. These data were used to calculate the average cost of individual components of care, and, for each alternative strategy, the average cost per patient treated. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the cost per patient compliant with treatment. The characteristics of caregivers and patients were assessed using demographic and socio-economic data collected during interviews, and medical records. RESULTS: Overall, home-based care reduced the cost per patient treated by 44% compared with hospitalbased treatment ($1657 vs. $2970). The cost to the caregiver was reduced by 23% ($551 vs. $720), while the cost to the health system was reduced by 50% ($1106 vs. $2206). The cost per patient complying with treatment was $1726 for home-based care and $2970 for hospitalisation. Caregivers were predominantly female relatives (88%), unemployed (48%), with primary school education or less (82%), and with an income of less than $1000 per annum (71%). Of those patients with an HIV test result, 98% were HIV positive. CONCLUSION: Home-based care is more affordable and cost-effective than hospital-based care for chronically ill TB patients, although costs to caregivers remain high in relation to their incomes. Structured home-based DOT should be included as a component of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme in Botswana. C1 Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana. WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kenyon, T (reprint author), 2540 Windhoek Pl, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 7 IS 9 SU 1 BP S80 EP S85 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 720BC UT WOS:000185240000013 PM 12971658 ER PT J AU Bailey, SL Huo, DZ Garfein, RS Ouellet, LJ AF Bailey, SL Huo, DZ Garfein, RS Ouellet, LJ TI The use of needle exchange by young injection drug users SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE needle exchange; injection drug use; youth; HIV ID HIV RISK; PROGRAM; ATTENDANCE AB This Study analyzed factors associated with utilization of needle exchange programs (NEPs) by Young injection drug users (IDUs). Between 1997-1999, 700 IDUs 18-30 years of age were surveyed in Chicago. The majority Of study participants (65%) had not used an NEP in the 6 months preceding baseline. Frequent NEP users were least likely to share needles (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.19-0.54) or other injection equipment (OR = 0.51; CI - 0.30-0.85), or to reuse their own needles (OR = 0.25, CI - 0.13-0.45), and were most likely to use condoms with steady sex partners (OR - 2.95; CI = 1.56-5.56). This study found that while frequent NEP use was associated with less risk behavior, Young IDUs used NEPs infrequently or not at all. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Community Outreach Intervent Projects, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bailey, SL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Community Outreach Intervent Projects, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU509678] NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1097/00126334-200309010-00010 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 719YL UT WOS:000185232600010 PM 14501796 ER PT J AU Basu, S Prakash, K Gugnani, HC Joshi, S Wattal, C Padhye, AA AF Basu, S Prakash, K Gugnani, HC Joshi, S Wattal, C Padhye, AA TI Isolation of Trichosporon mucoides from urine SO JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE LA English DT Article DE Trichosporon mucoides; urine; fluconazole; India AB Trichosporon mucoides was isolated from the urine of a diabetic patient. The patient Was Successfully treated by fluconazole. This is the first report of T mucoides implicated in urinary tract infection. C1 Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Dept Med Mycol, Delhi 110007, India. Sir Ganga Ram Hosp, Dept Microbiol, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), 283 Indra Vihar,GTB Nagar, Delhi 110009, India. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 PA 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE SN 1156-5233 J9 J MYCOL MED JI J. Mycol. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 736RV UT WOS:000186187700009 ER PT J AU Brener, ND McManus, T Galuska, DA Lowry, R Wechsler, H AF Brener, ND McManus, T Galuska, DA Lowry, R Wechsler, H TI Self-reported height and weight and the definition of obesity in epidemiological studies - Response SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 3 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00245-3 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 714HX UT WOS:000184908700003 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Elliott, JM Ramanculov, E Chain, PSG Chu, MC Molineux, IJ AF Garcia, E Elliott, JM Ramanculov, E Chain, PSG Chu, MC Molineux, IJ TI The genome sequence of Yersinia pestis bacteriophage phi A1122 reveals an intimate history with the coliphage T3 and T7 genomes SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE 0.3 PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE; SHIGELLA-SONNEI; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; MESSENGER-RNA; DNA; MUTANTS; GROWTH AB The genome sequence of bacteriophage phiA1122 has been determined. phiA1122 grows on almost all isolates of Yersinia pestis and is used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a diagnostic agent for the causative agent of plague. phiA1122 is very closely related to coliphage T7; the two genomes are colinear, and the genome-wide level of nucleotide identity is about 89%. However, a quarter of the phiA1122 genome, one that includes about half of the morphogenetic and maturation functions, is significantly more closely related to coliphage T3 than to T7. It is proposed that the yersiniophage phiA1122 recombined with a close relative of the Y. enterocolitica phage phiYeO3-12 to yield progeny phages, one of which became the classic T3 coliphage of Demerec and Fano (M. Demerec and U. Fano, Genetics 30:119-136, 1945). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Texas, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Chu, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 1300 Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Ramanculov, Erlan/E-2823-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 32095, R01 GM032095] NR 74 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 185 IS 17 BP 5248 EP 5262 DI 10.1128/JB.185.17.5248-5262.2003 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 713KK UT WOS:000184856600024 PM 12923098 ER PT J AU Hill, DD Cauley, JA Wheeler, V Zmuda, JM Patrick, A Joseph, P Baker, C Beckles, G Bunker, C AF Hill, DD Cauley, JA Wheeler, V Zmuda, JM Patrick, A Joseph, P Baker, C Beckles, G Bunker, C TI Relationship between body composition and hip bone mass in women of African ancestry: Tobago women's health study. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Tobago Reg Hosp, Scarborough, Trinid & Tobago. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S181 EP S181 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500708 ER PT J AU Sails, AD Swaminathan, B Fields, PI AF Sails, AD Swaminathan, B Fields, PI TI Clonal complexes of Campylobacter jejuni identified by multilocus sequence typing correlate with strain associations identified by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; HEAT-STABLE ANTIGENS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATION; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; SCHEME; RECOMBINATION; COLI; ENTERITIS AB Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel ellectrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI were used to subtype 55 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni from a diverse range of human and animal sources previously characterized by multillocus enzyme ellectrophoresis (MEE). MEE and MLST targeted 11 and 7 loci, respectively, and all loci were unique to each method. MEE, MLST, and PFGE identified 40, 37, and 48 discrete subtypes, respectively, with many of the subtypes occurring only once within the data set. Simpson's indices of diversity were calculated to be 0.979, 0.966, and 0.994 for MEE, MLST, and PFGE, respectively, demonstrating that MEE and MLST had similar discriminatory powers but that PFGE was more discriminatory. Allelle diversity was higher in the MLST loci; individual single-locus diversities for the 11 MEE loci and the 7 MLST loci were 0.491 and 0.854, respectively. The clonal complexes recognized by MLST correlated with the strain associations previously recognized by MEE and contained some isolates indistinguishable by PFGE. Many clusters contained isolates from diverse geographical regions and from both humans and animals. These results demonstrate the usefulness of MLST for investigation of the global epidemiology of this important pathogen and illustrate its potential to identify indistinguishable strains or clones in geographically distinct regions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sails, AD (reprint author), Newcastle Gen Hosp, Inst Pathol, Hlth Protect Agcy, Westgate Rd, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 6BE, Tyne & Wear, England. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4058 EP 4067 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4058-4067.2003 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800009 PM 12958226 ER PT J AU Cummins, JE Villanueva, JM Evans-Strickfaden, T Sesay, SM Abner, SR Bush, TJ Green, TA Lennox, JL Wright, T Folks, TM Hart, CE Dezzutti, CS AF Cummins, JE Villanueva, JM Evans-Strickfaden, T Sesay, SM Abner, SR Bush, TJ Green, TA Lennox, JL Wright, T Folks, TM Hart, CE Dezzutti, CS TI Detection of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in female genital secretions by a short-term culture method SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; CERVICOVAGINAL SECRETIONS; CERVICAL SECRETIONS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; REPLICATION-COMPETENT; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; UNINFECTED WOMEN; SECRETORY IGA AB Infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is difficult to detect in female genital secretions by standard virus culture techniques. To improve detection of cell-free HIV-1 in female genital secretions, we adapted a short-term assay that uses the multinuclear-activation galactosidase indicator (MAGI) assay. When vaginal lavages from HIV-1-infected women were tested with the adapted MAGI assay, 25 (64%) of 39 lavages with detectable, cell-free HIV-1 RNA were shown to have infectious virus. No infectious virus was found in 10 vaginal lavages from HIV-1-infected women with undetectable vaginal viral loads. Significantly (P < 0.01) more lavages from HIV-1-infected women tested positive for infectious virus by the MAGI assay than by standard peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) coculture, which detected infectious virus in only 6 (17%) of 35 vaginal lavages. Lavages with viral loads of >10,000 copies per lavage yielded significantly (P < 0.01) more positive cultures than those with <10,000 copies by using the MAGI assay. Detection of infectious HIV-1 in vaginal lavages was not associated with the presence of genital tract infections or CD4(+)-T-cell counts. However, although the results were not significant (P = 0.08), the MAGI assay detected infectious virus from more vaginal lavages at a vaginal pH of greater than or equal to4.5 than at a pH of <41.5. These results indicate that the MAGI assay is more sensitive than PBMC culture methods for detecting infectious virus in female genital secretions. Accurate measurements of infectious virus in genital secretions will improve studies that evaluate sexual transmission of HIV-1. C1 NCID, DASTLR, HRB, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, New York, NY USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), NCID, DASTLR, HRB, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 FU NICHD NIH HHS [5 F32 HD40727-02, F32 HD040727]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU214921, U64/CCU412279] NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4081 EP 4088 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4081-4088.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800012 PM 12958229 ER PT J AU Gertz, RE McEllistrem, MC Boxrud, DJ Li, ZY Sakota, V Thompson, TA Facklam, RR Besser, JM Harrison, LH Whitney, CG Beall, B AF Gertz, RE McEllistrem, MC Boxrud, DJ Li, ZY Sakota, V Thompson, TA Facklam, RR Besser, JM Harrison, LH Whitney, CG Beall, B TI Clonal distribution of invasive pneumococcal isolates from children and selected adults in the United States prior to 7-valent conjugate vaccine introduction SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PENICILLIN; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; MENINGITIS; SEROTYPES AB The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugated polysaccharide vaccine PC7V was licensed for use among children in 2000. Since 90 serotypes of pneumococci exist, an increase in nonvaccine serotypes could occur through immune selection for capsular type switching. Eleven hundred sixty-eight invasive isolates (24 serotypes), recovered primarily from pediatric patients (855 isolates = 73%) and 22 reference strains of known multilocus sequence types (STs) were subjected to macrorestriction profiling (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]). The correlation of 187 ST results (including 49 newly discovered STs) with the PFGE data assigned 1,042 (89.2%) study isolates to 46 defined clonal complexes or genetic lineages based on related multilocus STs (BURST). Seventeen clonal complexes were represented by 2 to 10 related allelic profiles (STs), while 33 lineages (including reference strains) consisted of single STs with 4 or fewer allelic identities to other STs found in the study. Expansion of the BURST analysis to a global analysis of all known pneumococcal STs (as of 27 November 2002) reduced the number of single ST lineages from 33 to 8, and the number of multi-ST clonal complexes was reduced from 17 to 13. In this work, we established the basic genetic structure within individual serotypes prior to PC7V use. The resultant database will be useful for detecting potential selective effects of this vaccine in postvaccine surveillance. C1 CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Labs, Minneapolis, MN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Bloomberg, Dept Int Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [K24 AI052788] NR 34 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4194 EP 4216 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4194-4216.2003 PG 23 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800030 PM 12958247 ER PT J AU Wong, SJ Boyle, RH Demarest, VL Woodmansee, AN Kramer, LD Li, HM Drebot, M Koski, RA Fikrig, E Martin, DA Shi, PY AF Wong, SJ Boyle, RH Demarest, VL Woodmansee, AN Kramer, LD Li, HM Drebot, M Koski, RA Fikrig, E Martin, DA Shi, PY TI Immunoassay targeting nonstructural protein 5 to differentiate West Nile virus infection from Dengue and St. Louis encephalitis virus infections and from flavivirus vaccination SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEUTRALIZATION TEST; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; VIRAL-PROTEINS; NS1; RECOGNITION; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; SERA; RNA AB West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging flavivirus that has caused frequent epidemics since 1996. Besides natural transmission by mosquitoes, WNV can also be transmitted through blood transfusion and organ transplantation, thus heightening the urgency of development of a specific and rapid serologic assay of WNV infection. The current immunoassays lack specificity because they are based on detection of antibodies against WNV structural proteins and immune responses to structural proteins among flaviviruses cross-react to each other. Here, we describe microsphere immunoassays that detect antibodies to nonstructural proteins 3 and 5 (NS3 and NS5). In contrast to immunoassays based on viral envelope and NS3 proteins, the NS5-based assay (i) reliably discriminates between WNV infections and dengue virus or St. Louis encephalitis virus infections, (ii) differentiates between flavivirus vaccination and natural WNV infection, and (iii) indicates recent infections. These unique features of the NS5-based immunoassay will be very useful for both clinical and veterinary diagnosis of WNV infection. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Hlth Canada, Natl Mocrobiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Wong, SJ (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. OI Li, Hongmin/0000-0002-8684-5308 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25490] NR 26 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4217 EP 4223 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4217-4223.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800031 PM 12958248 ER PT J AU Erdman, DD Weinberg, GA Edwards, KM Walker, FJ Anderson, BC Winter, J Gonzalez, M Anderson, LJ AF Erdman, DD Weinberg, GA Edwards, KM Walker, FJ Anderson, BC Winter, J Gonzalez, M Anderson, LJ TI GeneScan reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of six common respiratory viruses in young children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS-1; ENZYME HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; TRACT INFECTIONS; RAPID DETECTION; VIRAL CULTURE; CELL-CULTURE AB A reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay based on automated fluorescent capillary electrophoresis and GeneScan software analysis was developed to detect six common respiratory viruses in clinical specimens from young children. Assays for human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV); human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 (HPIV1, -2, and -3, respectively); and influenza A and B viruses were incorporated into a single standard assay format. The optimized assay panel was used to test 470 respiratory specimens obtained from 462 children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness that had been previously tested by viral culture (405 specimens) or direct immunofluorescence staining (DIF) (65 specimens). Of 93 specimens positive for respiratory viruses by culture or DIF, 86 (92%) were positive by RT-PCR, including 66 HRSV, 2 HPIV2, 5 HPIV3, 3 influenza A virus, and 10 influenza B virus specimens. An additional 119 respiratory viruses were identified by RT-PCR in 116 patients for whom results were negative by viral isolation or DIF. We conclude that the GeneScan RT-PCR panel can markedly improve detection of acute respiratory virus infections in young children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Hosp Cent Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Uruguay. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Mailstop G-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4298 EP 4303 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4298-4303.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800043 PM 12958260 ER PT J AU Laird, AR Ibarra, V Ruiz-Palacios, G Guerrero, ML Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Laird, AR Ibarra, V Ruiz-Palacios, G Guerrero, ML Glass, RI Gentsch, JR TI Unexpected detection of animal VP7 genes among common rotavirus strains isolated from children in Mexico SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BOVINE ROTAVIRUSES; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SEROTYPE; BRAZIL; TRANSMISSION AB In the course of characterizing 103 rotaviruses from children in Mexico, we found that the majority of strains were globally common types (55.4% of total), while uncommon types represented 5.7%, mixed infections with common types represented 14.8%, and partially or fully nontypeable isolates represented about 24%. Serotype G9 was detected for the first time in Mexico. We sequenced a subset of strains that were G nontypeable by reverse transcriptase PCR and found surprisingly that two strains having common human rotavirus P genotypes (8 and 6) had serotype G3 and G4 VP7 gene sequences that shared closer homology with canine and porcine strains, respectively, than with human strains, suggesting that these isolates represented reassortants between human and animal rotaviruses. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Infect Dis, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. RP Gentsch, JR (reprint author), CDC, NCID, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD13021-24, P01 HD013021] NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4400 EP 4403 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4400-4403.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800059 PM 12958276 ER PT J AU Carvalho, MGS Steigerwalt, AG Thompson, T Jackson, D Facklam, RR AF Carvalho, MGS Steigerwalt, AG Thompson, T Jackson, D Facklam, RR TI Confirmation of nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae-like organisms isolated from outbreaks of epidemic conjunctivitis as Streptococcus pneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; PNEUMOCOCCI; RELATEDNESS; OPTOCHIN AB Eleven isolates representing five distinct outbreaks of pneumococcal conjunctivitis were examined for phenotypic and genetic characteristics. None of the strains possessed capsules, and all strains were susceptible to optochin, bile soluble, and Gen-Probe AccuProbe test positive. All 11 isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus pneumoniae by DNA-DNA reassociation experiments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CNPq, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4415 EP 4417 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4415-4417.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800063 PM 12958280 ER PT J AU Slotved, HC Elliott, J Thompson, T Konradsen, HB AF Slotved, HC Elliott, J Thompson, T Konradsen, HB TI Latex assay for serotyping of group B Strepococcus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; MENINGITIS; DIAGNOSIS; PROTEIN AB We developed a group B streptococcus (GBS) latex serotyping kit that reduces the numbers of GBS nontypeable isolates by nearly 50%. A total of 232 isolates were tested, and 203 isolates were serotyped by the GBS latex test, while the capillary precipitation test serotyped 184 isolates. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Prod Unit, Dept Resp Infect Meningitis & STIs, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Slotved, HC (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Prod Unit, Dept Resp Infect Meningitis & STIs, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4445 EP 4447 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4445-4447.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800072 PM 12958289 ER PT J AU Silva, MSN Senna, SG Ribeiro, MO Valim, ARM Telles, MA Kritski, A Morlock, GP Cooksey, RC Zaha, A Rossetti, MLR AF Silva, MSN Senna, SG Ribeiro, MO Valim, ARM Telles, MA Kritski, A Morlock, GP Cooksey, RC Zaha, A Rossetti, MLR TI Mutations in katG, inhA and ahpC genes of Brazilian isoniazid-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATALASE-PEROXIDASE GENE; SER315THR SUBSTITUTION; DRUG-RESISTANCE; STRAINS; BACILLI; COMPLEX; RUSSIA; LEVEL AB The presence of mutations in specific regions of the katG, inhA, and ahpC genes was analyzed with 69 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoniazid-resistant isolates from three Brazilian states. Point mutations in codon 315 of the katG gene were observed in 87.1, 60.9, and 60% of the isolates from Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, respectively. Mutations in the inhA gene were identified only in one isolate from RJ State, and the ahpC promoter region revealed mutations in distinct positions in 12.9, 21.7, and 6.7% of the isolates from RS, RJ and SP, respectively. C1 Fundacao Estadual Prod & Pesquisa Saude, CDCT, Lab Cent Saude Publ, BR-90610000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Ctr Biotecnol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Dept Biol Mol & Biotecnol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Setor Micobacterias, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Hosp Clementino Fraga Filho, Inst Doencas Torax, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rossetti, MLR (reprint author), Fundacao Estadual Prod & Pesquisa Saude, CDCT, Lab Cent Saude Publ, Av Ipiranga,5400, BR-90610000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. OI Valim, Andreia/0000-0001-9611-3103 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI045432, U19-AI45432] NR 28 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4471 EP 4474 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4471-4474.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800081 PM 12958298 ER PT J AU Wagenaar, TR Grose, C Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Breuer, J AF Wagenaar, TR Grose, C Loparev, VN Schmid, DS Breuer, J TI Genomic analysis of varicella-zoster virus: primers for individual open reading frames SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chickenpox; herpes zoster; vaccinia virus ID DNA-SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; VACCINE AB The genome of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) contains nearly 125 000 bp. Preliminary genomic analysis has revealed that VZV may be less immutable than once thought. Through the investigation of the VZV genome using specifically designed oligonucleotides, it has been learned that sequence variation within VZV open reading frame 62 can distinguish between vaccine and wild-type virus. Additionally, the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisins within the VZV genome has identified distinct VZV populations originating from circumscribed geographic locations. In order for future studies of VZV genetic diversity to be carried out, amplifying and sequencing primers for individual VZV genes have been catalogued. Additionally, this report will facilitate the selection of VZV primers by which to distinguish clinical VZV isolates from vaccinia virus isolates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. St Bartholomew & Royal London Hosp, Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Med Microbiol, Sch Med, London, England. RP Grose, C (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Microbiol, 2501 JCP,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. OI Breuer, Judith/0000-0001-8246-0534 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22795] NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1016/s1386-6532(03)00073-8 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 721EW UT WOS:000185304900012 PM 12927757 ER PT J AU Li, Y Ryan, L Bellamy, S Satten, GA AF Li, Y Ryan, L Bellamy, S Satten, GA TI Inference on clustered survival data using imputed frailties SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE asymptotic normality; bootstrap; consistency; cox models; frailty models; imputed frailty partial likelihood score (IFPLS); Monte Carlo estimating equation; S-U algorithm ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; INTERVAL-CENSORED-DATA; DATA AUGMENTATION; ASYMPTOTIC THEORY; EM ALGORITHM; REGRESSION; CONSISTENCY; JACKKNIFE; BOOTSTRAP AB This article proposes a new method for fitting frailty models to clustered survival data that is intermediate between the fully parametric and nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation approaches. A parametric form is assumed for the baseline hazard, but only for the purpose of imputing the unobserved frailties. The regression coefficients are then estimated by solving an estimating equation that is the average of the partial likelihood score with respect to the conditional distribution of frailties given the observed data. We prove consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators and give associated closed-form estimators of their variance. The algorithm is easy to implement and reduces to the ordinary Cox partial likelihood approach when the frailties have a degenerate distribution. Simulations indicate high efficiency and robustness of the resulting estimates. We apply our new approach to a study with clustered survival data on asthma in children in east Boston. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, 44 Binney St,M232, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 1061-8600 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 640 EP 662 DI 10.1198/1061860032247 PG 23 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 722VA UT WOS:000185397600008 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Howe, AM Demange, M Nygren, O AF Ashley, K Howe, AM Demange, M Nygren, O TI Sampling and analysis considerations for the determination of hexavalent chromium in workplace air SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; X-RAY SPECTROMETRY; WELDING FUMES; ONLINE PRECONCENTRATION; ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Airborne hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is a known human respiratory carcinogen and allergen. Workers in a variety of industries may be exposed to airborne hexavalent chromium, with exposures frequently occurring via inhalation and/or dermal contact. Analytical methods for the measurement of Cr(VI) compounds in workplace samples, rather than for the determination of total elemental chromium in workplace air, are often desired because exposure limit values for Cr(VI) compounds are much lower than for total Cr. For years, sampling and analytical test methods for airborne Cr(VI) have been investigated so as to provide means for occupational exposure assessment to this highly toxic species. Inter-conversion of trivalent chromium (Cr[III]) and Cr(VI) can sometimes occur during sampling and sample preparation, and efforts to minimize unwanted redox reactions involving these chromium valences have been sought. Because of differences in toxicity, there is also interest in the ability to differentiate between water-soluble and insoluble forms of Cr(VI), and procedures that provide solubility information concerning Cr(VI) compounds have been developed. This paper reviews the state of the art concerning the measurement of airborne Cr(VI) compounds in workplace aerosols and related samples. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Hlth & Safety Lab, Sheffield S3 7HQ, S Yorkshire, England. Inst Natl Rech & Secur, Dept Metrol Polluants, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Arbetslivsinst, Kem Enheten, S-90713 Umea, Sweden. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 124 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 5 IS 5 BP 707 EP 716 DI 10.1039/b306105c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 725AH UT WOS:000185520100005 PM 14587839 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL De Jonckheere, JF Moura, H Sriram, R Garner, MM Visvesvara, GS AF Schuster, FL De Jonckheere, JF Moura, H Sriram, R Garner, MM Visvesvara, GS TI Isolation of a thermotolerant Paravahlkampfia sp from lizard intestine: Biology and molecular identification SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amoeba; Paravahlkampfia ustiana; phylogeny; SSUrDNA ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; HARTMANNELLA-ACANTHAMOEBA; OPPORTUNISTIC AMEBAS; PATHOGENIC AMEBAS; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; IN-VITRO; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; NAEGLERIA; CULTIVATION AB An amoeba was isolated from the intestines of several moribund pink-tongued skinks (lizards), Hemisphaeriodon gerrardi. Unusual features of this isolate were its ability to grow at temperatures of greater than or equal to 37 degreesC, and its inability to use Escherichia coli as a food source or to grow axenically on a variety of enriched culture media suitable for other soil amoeba isolates. Growth was abundant, however, on tissue culture cells, with amoebae clearing cell monolayers in similar to48 h at 37 degreesC. Trophozoites had it vahlkampfiid-like morphology, moving by means of an anterior eruptive pseudopod. Cysts, round to slightly ovoid and lacking exit pores, were formed in culture. Tests for enflagellation of trophic amoebae were negative. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was negative for Naegleria fowleri and Willaertia sp. The isolate was sensitive to azithromycin, but not to amphotericin B, pentanudine isethionate, fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, and sulfadiazine. Phylogenetic analysis based on the PCR-amplified small subunit ribosomal DNA, identified the organism as Paravahlkampfia ustiana, an amoeba not previously isolated from either poikilothermic or homeothermic hosts. No evidence of pathology was seen in stained sections of lizard intestine, suggesting that the ameba was part of the normal fauna of the lizard gut. Its diet in the lizard intestine is unknown and the organism may have unusual growth requirements. Thus, P. ustiana joins other soil amoebae that have been isolated from mammals, amphibia, fish, and reptiles, which have the potential of becoming opportunistic pathogens. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Protozool Lab, Brussels, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NW ZooPath, Snohomish, WA USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 50 IS 5 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00152.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 721YX UT WOS:000185347000013 PM 14563177 ER PT J AU Farrelly, MC Pechacek, TF Chaloupka, FJ AF Farrelly, MC Pechacek, TF Chaloupka, FJ TI The impact of tobacco control program expenditures on aggregate cigarette sales: 1981-2000 SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE cigarette demand; price elasticity ID CALIFORNIA; SMOKING; DEMAND; CONSUMPTION; CAMPAIGN; MODEL; TAXES AB Since the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) between states and the tobacco industry, states have unprecedented resources for programs to reduce tobacco use. Decisions concerning the use of these funds will, in part, be based on the experiences of states with existing programs. We examine the experiences of several states that have adopted comprehensive tobacco control programs. We also report estimates from econometric analyses of the impact of tobacco control expenditures on aggregate tobacco use in all states and in selected states with comprehensive programs for the period from 1981 through 2000. Our analyses clearly show that increases in funding for state tobacco control programs reduce tobacco use. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Econ, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Farrelly, MC (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 33 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6296 J9 J HEALTH ECON JI J. Health Econ. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 5 BP 843 EP 859 DI 10.1016/S0167-6296(03)00057-2 PG 17 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 720KL UT WOS:000185259900009 PM 12946462 ER PT J AU Stamler, J Elliott, P Appel, L Chan, Q Buzzard, M Dennis, B Dyer, AR Elmer, P Greenland, P Jones, D Kesteloot, H Kuller, L Labarthe, D Liu, K Moag-Stahlberg, A Nichaman, M Okayama, A Okuda, N Robertson, C Rodriguez, B Stevens, M Ueshima, H Van Horn, L Zhou, B AF Stamler, J Elliott, P Appel, L Chan, Q Buzzard, M Dennis, B Dyer, AR Elmer, P Greenland, P Jones, D Kesteloot, H Kuller, L Labarthe, D Liu, K Moag-Stahlberg, A Nichaman, M Okayama, A Okuda, N Robertson, C Rodriguez, B Stevens, M Ueshima, H Van Horn, L Zhou, B CA INTERMAP Res Grp TI Higher blood pressure in middle-aged American adults with less education - role of multiple dietary factors: The INTERMAP Study SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE education; blood pressure; dietary factors; nutrition; population study ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HYPERTENSION; PATHWAYS; HEALTH AB Extensive evidence exists that an inverse relation between education and blood pressure prevails in many adult populations, but little research has been carried out on reasons for this finding. A prior goal of the INTERMAP Study was to investigate this phenomenon further, and to assess the role of dietary factors in accounting for it. Of the 4680 men and women aged 40 - 59 years, from 17 diverse population samples in Japan, People's Republic of China, UK, and USA, a strong significant inverse education - BP relation was manifest particularly for the 2195 USA participants, independent of ethnicity. With participants stratified by years of education, and assessment of 100+ dietary variables from four 24-h dietary recalls and two 24-h urine collections/person, graded relationships were found between education and intake of many macro- and micronutrients, electrolytes, fibre, and body mass index (BMI). In multiple linear regression analyses with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) of individuals the dependent variables ( controlled for ethnicity, other possible nondietary confounders), BMI markedly reduced size of education - BP relations, more so for women than for men. Several nutrients considered singly further decreased size of this association by greater than or equal to10%: urinary 24-h Na and K excretion, Keys dietary lipid score, vegetable protein, fibre, vitamins C and B-6, thiamin, riboflavin, folate, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Combinations of these dietary variables and BMI attenuated the education - SBP inverse coefficient by 54 - 58%, and the education - DBP inverse coefficient by 59 - 67%, with over half these effects attributable to specific nutrients ( independent of BMI). As a result, the inverse education - BP coefficients ceased to be statistically significant. Multiple specific dietary factors together with body mass largely account for the more adverse BP levels of less educated than more educated Americans. Special efforts to improve eating patterns of less educated strata can contribute importantly to overcoming this and related health disparities in the population. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nutr Coordinating Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Collaborat Studies Coordinating Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hypertens, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Akad Ziekenhuis St Rafael, Cent Lab, Louvain, Belgium. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX USA. Iwate Med Univ, Dept Hyg & Prevent Med, Morioka, Iwate 020, Japan. Shiga Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Otsu, Shiga 52021, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu Heart Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Fu Wai Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Cardiovasc Inst, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Stamler, J (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Suite 1102 D335,680 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RI Chan, Queenie/C-5017-2011 OI Chan, Queenie/0000-0001-9278-230X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [2-R01-HL50490] NR 22 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9240 J9 J HUM HYPERTENS JI J. Hum. Hypertens. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 17 IS 9 BP 655 EP 775 DI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001608 PG 121 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 724UC UT WOS:000185504200007 PM 13679955 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Facklam, RR Whitney, CG Plikaytis, BD Schuchat, A AF Fry, AM Facklam, RR Whitney, CG Plikaytis, BD Schuchat, A TI Multistate evaluation of invasive pneumococcal diseases in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Serotype and antimicrobial resistance patterns in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS; HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; COTE-DIVOIRE; HIV AB Persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have a higher incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) than other adults, and many receive long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) prophylactic therapy. We used 1998-1999 data from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance of the Emerging Infections Program Network to compare IPD infections between adults aged 18-64 years with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other adults. Of 2346 patients with IPD, 416 (18%) had HIV or AIDS (HIV/AIDS). Certain serotypes (serotypes 6A, 6B, 9N, 9V, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F) were more common among patients with HIV/AIDS than in adults with no underlying disease (P < .05 vs. serotype 4), even when TMP-SMZ-nonsusceptible isolates were excluded. HIV/AIDS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.59), immunocompromising conditions other than HIV/AIDS (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.12-2.18), and black race (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.20-1.88) were independent risk factors for infection with these serotypes. HIV/AIDS was not an independent risk factor for TMP-SMZ nonsusceptibility. Vulnerability to certain serotypes among adults with HIV/AIDS may have implications in prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 5 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1086/377289 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 718ED UT WOS:000185131400003 PM 12934179 ER PT J AU Straight, ES Harper, FWK Arias, I AF Straight, ES Harper, FWK Arias, I TI The impact of partner psychological abuse on health behaviors and health status in college women SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE psychological abuse; physical health; dating relationships; college women ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SEXUAL ASSAULT; LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; VIOLENT ASSAULT; PERSONALITY; DEPRESSION; RESOURCES; AVOIDANCE; VICTIMS AB Previous research documents increased health problems, somatic complaints, and negative health behaviors among victims of physical and sexual violence. This study extended existing literature by examining the unique effects of partner psychological abuse on physical health and the moderating effects of approach and avoidance coping strategies. Psychological abuse was positively related to illegal drug use, physical and role limitations, negative health perceptions, and cognitive impairment in college women even after controlling for physical victimization. Psychological abuse was not related to sleep hygiene, exercise, problem drinking, or smoking. Approach coping moderated the effects of partner psychological abuse on binge drinking and health perceptions. Low approach coping was associated with more binge drinking and negative health perceptions as abuse increased; high approach coping did not show a significant relationship with binge drinking or health perceptions across levels of abuse. Avoidance coping showed only a trend as a moderator of illegal drugs. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Straight, ES (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 48 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1035 EP 1054 DI 10.1177/0886260503254512 PG 20 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 711KC UT WOS:000184738300005 PM 19771708 ER PT J AU Whipp, MJ Davis, JM Lum, G de Boer, J Zhou, Y Bearden, SW Petersen, JM Chu, MC Hoggi, G AF Whipp, MJ Davis, JM Lum, G de Boer, J Zhou, Y Bearden, SW Petersen, JM Chu, MC Hoggi, G TI Characterization of a novicida-like subspecies of Francisella tularensis isolated in Australia SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMERLY YERSINIA-PHILOMIRAGIA; STRAINS; PCR; TULAREMIA; GENE AB Francisella tularensis is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, where it is associated with the disease of tularaemia in animals and humans. The isolation and identification is reported of a novicida-like subspecies of F tularensis from a foot wound sustained in brackish water in the Northern Territory of Australia. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Microbiol Diagnost Unit, Publ Hlth Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Royal Darwin Hosp, Darwin, NT, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Whipp, MJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Microbiol Diagnost Unit, Publ Hlth Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. NR 14 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 52 IS 9 BP 839 EP 842 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.05245-0 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 723CA UT WOS:000185413800018 PM 12909664 ER PT J AU Banyai, K Gentsch, JR Griffin, DD Holmes, JL Glass, RI Szucs, G AF Banyai, K Gentsch, JR Griffin, DD Holmes, JL Glass, RI Szucs, G TI Genetic variability among serotype G6 human rotaviruses: Identification of a novel lineage isolated in Hungary SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE VP4; VP7; sequence analysis; genotyping; RT-PCR ID LONG RNA ELECTROPHEROTYPE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SUBGROUP-I SPECIFICITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; BOVINE ROTAVIRUSES; PORCINE ROTAVIRUS; AU-1 GENOGROUPS; UNUSUAL STRAINS AB Rotavirus serotype G6 has been demonstrated to be a rare cause of gastroenteritis in man. To date, only a few well characterized strains have been described from Italy, Australia, and the United States. Nucleotide sequencing of G6 VP7 genes shows that these strains belong to two distinct G6 lineages, one for strains of serotype P11[14],G6 (PA169-like strains) and one for strains of serotype P3[9],G6 (PA151-like strains). In this study, we sequenced the VP7 genesand VP8* gene fragments of human rotavirus G6 strains detected in Hungary. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the VP7 genes of Hungarian G6 strains fell into three lineages, represented by a single PA169-like strain, three PA151-like strains, and two novel G6 strains, respectively. The amino acid sequence identity of VP7 was 97.2-100% within each lineage and 92-93.9% between any two lineages. The sequence analysis of VP8* revealed that the single PA169-like Hungarian G6 strain belonged to genotype P[14] and was phylogenetically closely related to P11[14],G6 strains characterized previously. In contrast, the VP8* of PA151-like Hungarian G6 strains clustered in accordance with their VP7 genes representing genetically distinguishable variants of genotype P[9]. This finding raises the possibility that Hungarian genotype P[9],G6 strains might have been generated through independent reassortment events. Serotype G6-specific primers for each human G6 lineage were also developed. The use of these primers in reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction genotyping may help determine the epidemiological role of G6 strains in humans. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pecs, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Pecs, Hungary. RP Szucs, G (reprint author), Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, Szabadsag Ut 7, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. OI Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 NR 57 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1002/jmv.10462 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 705JZ UT WOS:000184393100017 PM 12858418 ER PT J AU Blakely, S Herbert, A Collins, M Jenkins, M Mitchell, G Grundel, E O'Neill, KR Khachik, F AF Blakely, S Herbert, A Collins, M Jenkins, M Mitchell, G Grundel, E O'Neill, KR Khachik, F TI Lutein interacts with ascorbic acid more frequently than with alpha-tocopherol to alter biomarkers of oxidative stress in female Zucker obese rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2002 Meeting CY APR 20-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE obesity; antioxidants; carotenoids; lutein; ascorbic acid; alpha-tocopherol ID BETA-CAROTENE; MACULAR PIGMENT; VITAMIN-C; ANTIOXIDANT; ZEAXANTHIN; SERUM; DIET; TISSUES; PLASMA; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The influence of dietary lutein, with and without moderate amounts of vitamin C (VC) or vitamin E (VE), on biomarkers of oxidative stress was examined in rats. Nine groups of immature Zucker obese (fa/fa) and lean female rats (8/group) consumed ad libitum for 8 wk the AIN-93G diet (Control) to which was added either dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate (VE) at 0.60 mg/kg or ascorbic acid (VC) at 0.75 mg/kg diet. Each of these diets contained lutein oil (FloraGlo) at 0.5 (Lut0.5) or 1.0 (Lut1.0) mg/kg diet. Weight gain, food efficiency and relative liver weight were higher in obese than in lean rats. Although liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were significantly higher in obese than in lean rats, levels were significantly lower in obese rats fed VE, VE-Lut and VC-Lut0.5 compared with other obese groups. The accumulation of alpha-tocopherol in liver was 6- and 3-times; greater in the VE and VE-Lut1.0 groups, respectively, compared with the obese and lean control groups. Lutein reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in obese rats, independent of VC or VE, and raised the activity of glutathione peroxidase to higher levels in lean rats when combined with VC. Plasma insulin levels were dramatically higher in obese compared with lean rats, but significantly lower in obese rats fed VC-Lut0.5, VE-Lut1.0 and Lut1.0 compared with the Control group. These results suggest that lutein independently reduces the activity of SOD and alters more biomarkers of oxidative stress when combined with vitamin C than with vitamin E, and that vitamin E reduces liver lipid peroxidation in obese rats when the accumulation of liver alpha-tocopherol is very high. C1 US FDA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Biochem Nutr, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Blakely, S (reprint author), US FDA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2838 EP 2844 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 720KC UT WOS:000185259100024 PM 12949374 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Mokdad, AH TI Dietary magnesium intake in a national sample of US adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE diet; magnesium; nutrition surveys; sex ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SERUM MAGNESIUM; DISEASE; SUPPLEMENTATION; HYPOMAGNESEMIA; POPULATION; POTASSIUM; CALCIUM; RISK AB Despite the role of magnesium in maintaining health, much of the U.S. population has historically not consumed adequate amounts of magnesium. Furthermore, significant racial or ethnic disparities in magnesium intake exist. Our objective was to provide more recent data about magnesium intake in the U.S. population. We analyzed the 24-h dietary recall data from 4257 participants aged greater than or equal to20 y from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. The median intake of magnesium was 326 mg/d (mean 352 mg/d) among Caucasian men, 237 mg/d (mean 278 mg/d) among African American men, 297 mg/d (330 mg/d) among Mexican American men, 237 mg/d (mean 256 mg/d) among Caucasian women, 177 mg/d (mean 202 mg/d) among African American women, and 221 mg/d (mean 242 mg/d) among Mexican American women. Among men and women, Caucasians had significantly higher mean intakes of dietary magnesium than African Americans but not Mexican Americans. Magnesium intake decreased with increasing age (P for linear trend = 0.035 for Caucasians; P for linear trend <0.001 for African Americans and Mexican Americans). Men had higher intakes of magnesium than women for each of the three race or ethnic groups (P < 0.001 in each group). Caucasian men, African American men and Caucasian women who used vitamin, mineral or dietary supplements consumed significantly more magnesium in their diets than did those who did not. Substantial numbers of U.S. adults fail to consume adequate magnesium in their diets. Furthermore, racial or ethnic differences in magnesium persist and may contribute to some health disparities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2879 EP 2882 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 720KC UT WOS:000185259100031 PM 12949381 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Bartlett, J Whistler, T Pierce-Smith, D Owens, M Kreh, R Czinn, S Gold, BD AF Guarner, J Bartlett, J Whistler, T Pierce-Smith, D Owens, M Kreh, R Czinn, S Gold, BD TI Can pre-neoplastic lesions be detected in gastric biopsies of children with Helicobacter pylori infection? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE H. pylori; children; atrophy; intestinal metaplasia; pre-neoplastic lesions; pathology ID HIGH-RISK POPULATION; PRECANCEROUS PROCESS; FOLLOW-UP; APOPTOSIS; CLASSIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; COHORT; ADULTS AB Background: Active gastritis, gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are lesions associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are only seen in adults. Objectives: We describe pediatric patients with atrophy and metaplasia, and compare the inflammatory response in these patients to controls. Methods: As part of a multicenter study of pediatric H. pylori infection, gastric biopsy specimens obtained during diagnostic upper endoscopy of 19 H. pylori-infected children and 45 uninfected controls were reviewed and graded by using the updated Sydney system. The inflammatory response was characterized using immunohistochemistry for T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages, and TUNEL assay for apoptosis. Results: Histology of H. pylori-infected and control biopsy specimens showed active gastritis in 32% and 2% respectively C (P = 0.002). Mild intestinal metaplasia was found in 4 H. pylori-infected children, in two of whom it appeared to be accompanied by atrophy. Specimens from patients with H. pylori infection contained increased numbers of B lymphocytes in lymphoid nodules, and apoptosis in the superficial epithelium and inflammatory cells. T lymphocytes and macrophages appeared in similar numbers in specimens from controls and infected patients. Conclusions: We describe intestinal metaplasia associated with H. pylori infection in children. Since atrophy usually precedes intestinal metaplasia in adults, we suggest that atrophy exists in children. High numbers of B lymphocytes and apoptosis in the surface epithelium are seen in patients with H. pylori infection and may be related to the development of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol, Atlanta, GA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G32 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1097/00005176-200309000-00019 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 716CE UT WOS:000185010600018 PM 12960654 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Harrison, P Stall, R AF Chesson, HW Harrison, P Stall, R TI Changes in alcohol consumption and in sexually transmitted disease incidence rates in the United States: 1983-1998 SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SUBSTANCE USE; NATIONAL SURVEY; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; SEX; SEROCONVERSION; DRINKING AB Objective: A substantial research literature has documented an association between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behavior at the level of the individual. We explored the association between changes in alcohol consumption and sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence rates at the level of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Method: We used multivariate analyses to examine state-level changes in STD rates (gonorrhea and syphilis) and state-level changes in alcohol consumption, controlling for changes in state-level characteristics (e.g., poverty, age distribution of population) and for national trends in factors that affect STD rates. Results: From 1983 to 1998, changes in alcohol consumption were significantly associated with changes in gonorrhea and syphilis rates. Each 1% increase in per capita alcohol consumption was associated with increases of about 0.4% to 0.7% in reported gonorrhea incidence rates and 1.8% to 3.6% in reported syphilis incidence rates. Conclusions: The association between alcohol and risky sex, well documented at the level of the individual, might hold at the population level as well. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mailstop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 4 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 0096-882X J9 J STUD ALCOHOL JI J. Stud. Alcohol PD SEP PY 2003 VL 64 IS 5 BP 623 EP 630 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 725ZH UT WOS:000185572200004 PM 14572183 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Ndiaye, SM Freed, GL Clark, SJ AF Davis, MM Ndiaye, SM Freed, GL Clark, SJ TI One-year uptake of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A national survey of family physicians and pediatricians SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04-07, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Pediat Acad Soc ID HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; RESPONSE RATES; CHILDREN; COVERAGE; INFANTS; RECOMMENDATIONS; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY AB Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was recommended by June 2000 for administration to all US children less than or equal to23 months old and to children at high risk for pneumococcal disease 24 to 59 months old. We sought to identify physician characteristics associated with adoption of the recommendation within 1 year. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional mail survey from April to July, 2001, of 788 family physicians (FP) and 833 pediatricians (PD) in 24 states. We measured whether physicians had adopted PCV7 recommendations, their expectations of the effectiveness of PCV7, the number of vaccine injections they would consider administering at 1 visit, and barriers to administering multiple injections. Results: Response rate was 60%. Overall, 87% of physicians had adopted PCV7 recommendations (68% FP; 99% PD; P < .001). FP adopters are significantly more likely than nonadopters to believe PCV7 will be effective in preventing pneumococcal sepsis and meningitis, as well as >25% of cases of otitis media. In multivariable logistic regression analyses of adoption of PCV7, FP who have higher proportions of African American patients and patients on Medicaid, see greater numbers of newborns, work in practices of greater than or equal to4 physicians, and are willing to consider administering at least 4 vaccine injections at 1 visit are significantly more likely to have adopted PCV7. Concerns about vaccine cost and reimbursement were the most commonly cited factors in physicians' decisions not to adopt PCV7 recommendations. Conclusions: One year after PCV7 was recommended, nearly all pediatricians and a majority of family physicians had incorporated this vaccine into their practices. Barriers to higher rates of uptake - especially among family physicians - must be addressed to achieve immunization goals with this new vaccine. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, 300 NIB,6C23, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY PRACTICE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 0893-8652 J9 J AM BOARD FAM PRACT JI J. Am. Board Fam. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5 BP 363 EP 371 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 749FQ UT WOS:000186909000001 PM 14645326 ER PT J AU Novotny, J Rumpler, WV Riddick, H Hebert, JR Rhodes, D Judd, JT Baer, DJ McDowell, M Briefel, R AF Novotny, J Rumpler, WV Riddick, H Hebert, JR Rhodes, D Judd, JT Baer, DJ McDowell, M Briefel, R TI Personality characteristics as predictors of underreporting of energy intake on 24-hour dietary recall interviews SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SELF-REPORT; OLDER MEN; OBESE SUBJECTS; MULTIPLE-PASS; WEIGHT STATUS; FOOD-INTAKE; LIFE-STYLE; WOMEN AB Objective To identify characteristics associated with misreporting of energy intake during 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR). Design Ninety-eight subjects were administered two 24HRs. Energy expenditure was determined by doubly labeled water (44 subjects) or intake balance (54 subjects). Data on subjects physical, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics were also collected. Subjects/setting At the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center 52 women and 46 men were administered 24HR and completed lifestyle and personality questionnaires and a memory test. Physical characteristics such as weight, percent body fat, and total energy expenditure were measured. Statistical analysis The influences of subject parameters on energy misreporting were assessed by linear regression and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis for continuous variables and by ANOVA for discrete variables. Stepwise regression was used to identify key factors in underreporting. Results Factors particularly important in predicting underreporting of energy intake include factors indicating dissatisfaction with body image; for example, a 398 kcal/day underreport in subjects attempting weight loss during the past year with a nearly 500 kcal/day underreport in women. Overall, women underreported by 393 kcal/day relative to men and women evinced a social desirability bias amounting to a 26 kcal underreport for each point on the social desirability scale. Gender differences also were evident in the effect of percent body fat (with men underreporting about 16 kcal/day/percent body fat) and in departure from self-reported ideal body weight (with women underreporting about 21 kcal/day/kg). Applications/conclusions Body image and fatness are key factors on which health professionals should focus when seeking predictors of underreporting of dietary intake. Dietary interviews must be conducted to minimize bias related to subjects' tendencies to win approval and avoid censure by the interviewer. In addition, dissatisfaction with body image may lead to underestimation of food intake, therefore reducing likelihood of success in weight loss. Thus, health care professionals involved in weight loss counseling may achieve better success if treatment includes generating a, more positive body image. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Dept Hlth, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. S Carolina Canc Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. Math Policy Res Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Novotny, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 308,Room 201,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 51 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 103 IS 9 BP 1146 EP 1151 DI 10.1053/jada.2003.50568 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 719XT UT WOS:000185230900010 PM 12963942 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, MF Kieszkowski, P Zagorski, BM Trick, WE Sommers, M Weinstein, RA AF Wisniewski, MF Kieszkowski, P Zagorski, BM Trick, WE Sommers, M Weinstein, RA CA Chicago Antimicrobial Resistance P TI Development of a clinical data warehouse for hospital infection control SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; HEALTH INFORMATION; SURVEILLANCE AB Existing data stored in a hospital's transactional servers have enormous potential to improve performance measurement and health care quality. Accessing, organizing, and using these data to support research and quality improvement projects are evolving challenges for hospital systems. The authors report development of a clinical data warehouse that they created by importing data from the information systems of three affiliated public hospitals. They describe their methodology; difficulties encountered; responses from administrators, computer specialists, and clinicians; and the steps taken to capture and store patient-level data. The authors provide examples of their use of the clinical data warehouse to monitor antimicrobial resistance, to measure antimicrobial use, to detect hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, to measure the cost of infections, and to detect antimicrobial prescribing errors. In addition, they estimate the amount of time and money saved and the increased precision achieved through the practical application of the data warehouse. C1 Cook Cty Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Cook Cty Bur Hlth Serv, Dept Hosp Informat Serv, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Wisniewski, MF (reprint author), Cook Cty Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 1901 W Harrison St,Suite 124 Durand, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU515853] NR 27 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.1197/jamia.M1299 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 722ZY UT WOS:000185409000007 PM 12807807 ER PT J AU Koblin, BA Perdue, T Ren, L Thiede, H Guilin, V MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Torian, LV AF Koblin, BA Perdue, T Ren, L Thiede, H Guilin, V MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Torian, LV TI Attitudes about combination HIV therapies: The next generation of gay men at risk SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 National HIV Prevention Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE gay men; HIV treatment; sexual behaviors ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NEW-YORK-CITY; YOUNG MEN; VIRAL LOAD; SEX; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; AIDS; PERCEPTIONS AB This study examined awareness of and attitudes about highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs) among adolescent and young men who have sex with men (MSM). As part of the multisite Young Men's Survey, 813 MSM aged 15-22 years who attended public venues in two cities were questioned about HAART in 1997-1998. Overall, 45.1% bad beard of HAART, 61.6% in Seattle, Washington, and 35.0% in New York City. MSM in New York City who were the youngest, men of color, men who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody negative, and men who resided in New Jersey were significantly less likely to be aware of HAART. Attitudes about HAART were not associated with sexual risk behaviors. Prevention efforts among young MSM should focus on other determinants of risk, but also include information on the changing nature of HIV therapies. C1 Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York Blood Ctr, Lab Epidemiol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Koblin, BA (reprint author), New York Blood Ctr, Lab Epidemiol, 310 E 67th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [062/CCU206208-07, 062/CCU006260-07] NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 80 IS 3 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1093/jurban/jtg048 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 715GW UT WOS:000184963800013 PM 12930887 ER PT J AU Yilla, M Hickman, C McGrew, M Meade, E Bellini, WJ AF Yilla, M Hickman, C McGrew, M Meade, E Bellini, WJ TI Edmonston measles virus prevents increased cell surface expression of peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class II proteins in human peripheral monocytes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; INDUCTION AB Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces expression of the gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), whereas IFN-alpha/beta can interfere with or suppress class II protein expression. In separate studies, measles virus (MV) was reported to induce IFN-alpha/beta and to up-regulate MHC class II proteins. In an attempt to resolve this paradox, we examined the surface expression of MHC class I and class II proteins in MV-infected peripheral monocytes in the presence and absence of IFN-alpha/beta. Infection of purified monocytes with Edmonston B MY resulted in an apparent increase in cell surface expression of HLA-A, -B, and -C class I proteins, but it had no effect on the expression of HLA-DR class II proteins. W-infected purified monocytes expressed IFN-alpha/beta, but no measurable IFN-gamma expression was detected in supernatant fluids. Class II protein expression could be enhanced by coculture of purified monocytes with uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatant. MV infection of PBMCs also did not affect expression of class II proteins, but the expression of HLA-A, -B, and -C class I proteins was increased two- to threefold in most donor cells. A direct role for IFN-alpha/beta suppression of MHC class II protein expression was not evident in monocytes since MV suppressed class II protein expression in the absence of IFN-alpha/beta. Taken together, these data suggest that MY interferes with the expression of peptide-loaded class II complexes, an effect that may potentially alter CD4+-T-cell proliferation and the cell-mediated immune responses that they help to regulate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yilla, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 77 IS 17 BP 9412 EP 9421 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.17.9412-9421.2003 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 712BR UT WOS:000184776800030 PM 12915556 ER PT J AU Haynes, LM Jones, LP Barskey, A Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA AF Haynes, LM Jones, LP Barskey, A Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA TI Enhanced disease and pulmonary eosinophilia associated with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccination are linked to G glycoprotein CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction and expression of substance P SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROPHAGE-INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-1-ALPHA; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; ATTACHMENT G GLYCOPROTEIN; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DENDRITIC CELLS; T-CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CX3C CHEMOKINE; BALB/C MICE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB Vaccination with formal in-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) vaccine or RSV G glycoprotein results in enhanced pulmonary disease after live RSV infection. Enhanced pulmonary disease is characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia and is associated with a substantial inflammatory response. We show that the absence of the G glycoprotein or G glycoprotein CX3C motif during FI-RSV vaccination or RSV challenge of FI-RSV-vaccinated mice, or treatment with anti-substance P or anti-CX3CR1 antibodies, reduces or eliminates enhanced pulmonary disease, modifies T-cell receptor Vbeta usage, and alters CC and CXC chemokine expression. These data suggest that the G glycoprotein, and in particular the G glycoprotein CX3C motif, is key in the enhanced inflammatory response to FI-RSV vaccination, possibly through the induction of substance P. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 76 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 77 IS 18 BP 9831 EP 9844 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.18.9831-9844.2003 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 716TX UT WOS:000185046200012 PM 12941892 ER PT J AU Custer, DM Thompson, E Schmaljohn, CS Ksiazek, TG Hooper, JW AF Custer, DM Thompson, E Schmaljohn, CS Ksiazek, TG Hooper, JW TI Active and passive vaccination against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome with Andes virus M genome segment-based DNA vaccine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; CREEK-CANAL VIRUS; HANTAAN VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NAKED DNA; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; ARGENTINA AB Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rapidly progressing human disease with one of the highest case fatality rates (30 to 50%) of any acute viral disease known. There are no vaccines, effective antiviral drugs, or immunologics to prevent or treat HPS. In an attempt to develop HPS medical countermeasures, we constructed an expression plasmid, pWRG/AND-M, that contains the full-length M genome segment of Andes virus (ANDV), a South American hantavirus. Transfection experiments in cell culture indicated that both the G1 and G2 glycoproteins are expressed from pWRG/AND-M. Rhesus macaques vaccinated by gene gun with pWRG/AND-M developed remarkably high levels of neutralizing antibodies that not only neutralized ANDV but also cross-neutralized other HPS-associated hantaviruses, including Sin Nombre virus. To determine if the antibodies elicited in the monkeys could confer protection, we performed a series of passive-transfer experiments using a recently described lethal HPS animal model (i.e., adult Syrian hamsters develop HPS and die within 10 to 15 days after challenge with ANDV). When injected into hamsters 1 day before challenge, sera from the vaccinated monkeys either provided sterile protection or delayed the onset of HPS and death. When injected on day 4 or 5 after challenge, the monkey sera protected 100% of the hamsters from lethal disease. These data provide a proof of concept for a gene-based HPS vaccine and also demonstrate the potential value of a postexposure immunoprophylactic to treat individuals after exposure, or potential exposure, to these highly lethal hantaviruses. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, JW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. OI Hooper, Jay/0000-0002-4475-0415 NR 31 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 77 IS 18 BP 9894 EP 9905 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.18.9894-9905.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 716TX UT WOS:000185046200018 PM 12941899 ER PT J AU Inoue, N Winter, J Lal, RB Offermann, MK Koyano, S AF Inoue, N Winter, J Lal, RB Offermann, MK Koyano, S TI Characterization of entry mechanisms of human herpesvirus 8 by using an Rta-dependent reporter cell line (vol 77, pg 8147, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Emory Univ, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Div AIDS STD TB, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Res Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Inoue, N (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 77 IS 18 BP 10177 EP 10177 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.18.10177.2003 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 716TX UT WOS:000185046200052 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW Chambers, TV Crabtree, MB Arroyo, J Monath, TP Miller, BR AF Johnson, BW Chambers, TV Crabtree, MB Arroyo, J Monath, TP Miller, BR TI Growth characteristics of the veterinary vaccine candidate ChimeriVax (TM)-West Nile (WN) virus in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Ae. albopictus; Culex nigripalpus; Cx. quinquefasciatus; Cx. tritaeniorhynchus; chimeric virus; ChimeriVax (TM)-WN(vet) virus; West Nile vaccine; West Nile virus ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ALBOPICTUS MOSQUITOS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; DENGUE VIRUSES; HORSES; MOUSE; ENCEPHALITIS; HOSTS AB In 1999 West Nile (WN) virus was introduced to North America where this flavivirus has spread rapidly among wildlife (especially birds) transmitted by various species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Increasing numbers of cases and deaths among humans, horses and other domestic animals require development of effective vaccines. 'ChimeriVax(TM)-West Nile(vet)' is being developed for use as a veterinary vaccine to protect against WN infection. This chimeric virus contains the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes from the wild-type WN NY99 virus (isolated from a flamingo in New York zoo during the 1999 WN epidemic) in the backbone of yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine virus. Replication kinetics of ChimeriVax(TM)-WN(vet) virus were evaluated in mosquito cell culture (Aedes albopictus C6/36), in WN vector mosquitoes [Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx. nigripalpus Theobald and Cx. quinque-fasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)] and in YF vectors [Aedes aegypti (L) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse)], to determine whether these mosquitoes become infected through feeding on a viraemic vaccine, and their potential infectivity to transmit the virus. Growth of ChimeriVax(TM)WN(vet) virus was found to be restricted in mosquitoes, compared to WN virus in Ae. albopictus C6/36 cells. When inoculated intrathoracically, ChimeriVax(TM)-WN(vet) and YF17D viruses did not replicate in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus or Cx. nigripalpus; replication was very restricted compared to the wild-type WN virus in Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. When fed on hanging drops with ChimeriVax(TM)-WN(vet) virus (7.7 log(10)PFU/mL), none of the Culex mosquitoes became infected; one Ae. albopictus and 10% of the Ae. aegypti became infected, but the titre was very low and virus did not disseminate to head tissue. ChimeriVax(TM)-WN(vet) virus had a replication profile similar to that of the attenuated vaccine virus YF 17D, which is not transmitted by mosquitoes. These results suggest that the natural mosquito vectors of WN and YF viruses, which may incidentally take a bloodmeal from a vaccinated host, will not become infected with ChimeriVax(TM)-WN(vet) virus. C1 CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Johnson, BW (reprint author), CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48297] NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2003.00438.x PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 717KX UT WOS:000185088600001 PM 12941006 ER PT J AU Chang, HGH Glass, RI Smith, PF Cicirello, HG Holman, RC Morse, DL AF Chang, HGH Glass, RI Smith, PF Cicirello, HG Holman, RC Morse, DL TI Disease burden and risk factors for hospitalizations associated with rotavirus infection among children in New York State 1989 through 2000 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; rotavirus; vaccine; hospitalizations; New York State ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; VACCINE AB Objectives. To examine trends in hospitalizations for pediatric diarrhea, ascertain the disease burden and risk factors for hospitalizations associated with rotavirus and assess the accuracy of coding for rotavirus hospitalizations in New York State. Methods. For 1989 through 2000, data were obtained for all diarrhea-associated hospitalizations in New York State among children 1 month through 4 years of age. Characteristics of patients hospitalized with rotavirus were compared with those for hospitalizations with diarrhea from other causes. Medical charts coded as rotavirus diarrhea were reviewed for patients who were discharged during 1997 to determine whether these diagnoses were supported with laboratory results. Results. Diarrhea was reported as a discharge diagnosis in similar to13% of all hospitalizations for an annual incidence of 83 per 10 000 children. Viruses were the most common etiologic agents reported. Since 1993, when a rotavirus-specific code was introduced, rotavirus infection was coded for 8.7% of all diarrhea-associated hospitalizations. A total of 136 patients with diarrhea died during their hospitalization (hospital fatality rate, 1.6 per 1000), and the 12 deaths among patients with rotavirus had a distinct winter pattern. During 1997 only 46% of the hospitals reporting diarrhea in children used the specific code for rotavirus, and 12% of hospitals reported rotavirus in >30% of all diarrhea-associated hospitalizations. Infants <4 months of age were more likely than older children to be nosocomially infected with rotavirus and had a higher proportion of congenital malformations. Conclusion. In New York State diarrhea is a common hospital discharge diagnosis and contributes similar to13% of all hospitalizations among children <5 years of age. When hospitals with maximum recording were used as a reference point, >30% of diarrhea hospitalizations were recorded as likely the result of rotavirus. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. Cato Res Washington, Rockville, MD USA. RP Chang, HGH (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Room 1143,Corning Tower Bldg,Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 808 EP 814 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000086404.31634.04 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 727XP UT WOS:000185686400012 PM 14506373 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Curns, AT Belay, ED Steiner, CA Schonberger, LB AF Holman, RC Curns, AT Belay, ED Steiner, CA Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki syndrome hospitalizations in the United States, 1997 and 2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Kawasaki syndrome; Kawasaki disease; hospitalizations; epidemiology; children; infants; United States ID LYMPH-NODE SYNDROME; DISEASE; CHILDREN; COLORADO; HAWAII; RISK AB Objective. To estimate the incidence and describe the epidemiologic characteristics of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) among children in the United States. Methods. Hospital discharge records with a KS diagnosis among patients < 18 years of age were obtained from the 1997 and 2000 Kids' Inpatient Database and weighted to estimate the number and rate of KS-associated hospitalizations for the United States. Results. In 2000, similar to 4248 hospitalizations associated with KS occurred in the United States, and the median age of patients at admission was 2 years. Children < 5 years of age accounted for 3277 of these KS hospitalizations (77%) and had a KS hospitalization rate of 17.1 per 100 000 children. This rate was similar to the 1997 rate of 17.6 per 100 000 children. The KS hospitalization rate was significantly higher for infants < 1 year of age than for children 1 to 4 years of age (19.8 and 16.4 per 100 000 children, respectively). The rate of KS hospitalizations among children aged <5 years was highest among Asian and Pacific Islander children and was followed by the rate for black children (39.0 and 19.7 per 100 000 children, respectively). No deaths associated with KS were reported among hospitalized children. The median charge for a KS hospitalization was $ 7779 ( mean $ 10 725) and the total annual charges for KS hospitalizations in 2000 were approximately $ 35 million among children < 5 years of age. Conclusions. Among children < 5 years of age, the annual KS-associated hospitalization rates were similar for 1997 and 2000. The epidemiologic characteristics and hospitalization rates for KS at a national level were consistent with those reported from earlier studies, suggesting that the incidence for KS has not markedly changed in the United States during the past decade. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Ctr Org & Delivery Studies, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 39 TC 124 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 112 IS 3 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.1542/peds.112.3.495 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 716NL UT WOS:000185035100016 PM 12949272 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Ndiaye, SM Freed, GL Kim, CS Clark, SJ AF Davis, MM Ndiaye, SM Freed, GL Kim, CS Clark, SJ TI Influence of insurance status and vaccine cost on physicians' administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04-07, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Pediat Acad Soc DE pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; health insurance; pediatrician; family physician; physician behavior ID CHILDREN PROGRAM; RESPONSE RATES; CLINICS; IMMUNIZATION; BARRIERS; HEALTH; PEDIATRICIANS AB Objective. In 2000, heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was recommended for children younger than 2 years, but its high cost relative to other universally recommended childhood immunizations and variability in insurance coverage for the vaccine raised concerns. We investigated the influence of PCV7 cost and insurance coverage on physician recommendation of PCV7 to their patients and administration of PCV7 in their practices. Methods. We conducted a mail survey from April to July 2001 of a random sample of 833 pediatricians and 788 family physicians in 24 states with different vaccine financing strategies ( Vaccines for Children [VFC]- only; enhanced VFC; universal purchase). Physicians specified the proportion of children in their practice with insurance coverage for PCV7, where they recommend administering PCV7, and whether they have concerns about the cost of PCV7. Results. The response rate was 60%. Overall, 87% of physicians recommend PCV7 for children younger than 2 years (99% pediatricians; 68% family physicians). Among physicians who recommend PCV7, 98% said that they would administer the vaccine in their own practices for children whose insurance covers the vaccine. However, only 56% of physicians who recommend PCV7 reported that all children in their practices had insurance coverage for the vaccine, whereas 24% of physicians reported 86% to 99% of children with coverage and 20% reported less than or equal to 85% of children with coverage. Among physicians in the last group with the lowest PCV7 insurance coverage rates in their practices, only 44% said that they would administer the vaccine in their own practices to children without PCV7 coverage, compared with 62% of physicians who provide care to children with higher rates of PCV7 coverage. Physicians in states with VFC-only vaccine financing strategies for PCV7 are less likely to administer PCV7 in their own practices to children without coverage than physicians in states with enhanced VFC and universal purchase strategies (48% vs 64% vs 74%). Almost one third of physicians who recommend PCV7 are concerned about the cost of PCV7; those with cost concerns are more likely to recommend that children without insurance coverage for PCV7 receive the vaccine at a public health clinic rather than in their own practices (45% vs 29%). Physicians with cost concerns are also more likely to say that they now screen children for insurance coverage more than for previously recommended vaccines (52% vs 21% for physicians without cost concerns). Conclusions. Nationwide, physician adoption of PCV7 recommendations is high, but where physicians recommend that PCV7 be administered differs significantly by children's variable insurance coverage for the vaccine and by state vaccine financing strategies. Physicians' concerns about the cost of PCV7 may foreshadow their responses to future children's vaccines that may be even more expensive. C1 Univ Michigan, CHEAR Unit, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, CHEAR Unit, Div Gen Pediat, 300 NIB,6D20, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 112 IS 3 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1542/peds.112.3.521 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 716NL UT WOS:000185035100021 PM 12949277 ER PT J AU Taras, HL Frankowski, BL McGrath, JW Mears, C Murray, RD Young, TL AF Taras, HL Frankowski, BL McGrath, JW Mears, C Murray, RD Young, TL CA Comm Sch Hlth TI Guidelines for the administration of medication in school SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article AB Many children who take medications require them during the school day. This policy statement is designed to guide prescribing physicians as well as school administrators and health staff on the administration of medications to children at school. The statement addresses over-the-counter products, herbal medications, experimental drugs that are administered as part of a clinical trial, emergency medications, and principles of student safety. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 112 IS 3 BP 697 EP 699 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 716NL UT WOS:000185035100051 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Dong, MX Giles, WH Anda, RF AF Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Dong, MX Giles, WH Anda, RF TI The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1900 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE childhood abuse; household dysfunction; health behaviors; secular trends ID NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; SEXUAL-ABUSE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; SUICIDE ATTEMPTS; TEEN PREGNANCY; WOMEN; PREVALENCE AB Background. We examined the relationship of the number of adverse childhood experiences (ACE score) to six health problems among four successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 to assess the strength and consistency of these relationships in face of secular influences the 20th century brought in changing health behaviors and conditions. We hypothesized that the ACE score/health problem relationship would be relatively "immune" to secular influences, in support of recent studies documenting the negative neurobiologic effects of childhood stressors on the developing brain. Methods. A retrospective cohort study of 17,337 adult health maintenance organization (HMO) members who completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, as well as their health. We used logistic regression to examine the relationships between ACE score and six health problems (depressed affect, suicide attempts, multiple sexual partners, sexually transmitted diseases, smoking, and alcoholism) across four successive birth cohorts: 1900-1931, 1932-1946, 1947-1961, and 1962-1978. Results. The ACE score increased the risk for each health problem in a consistent, strong, and graded manner across four birth cohorts (P < 0.05). For each unit increase in the ACE score (range: 0-8), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for depressed affect, STDs, and multiple sexual partners were increased within a narrow range (ORs: 1.2-1.3 per unit increase) for each of the birth cohorts; the increase in risk for suicide attempts was stronger but also in a narrow range (ORs: 1.5-1.7). Conclusions. Growing up with ACEs increased the risk of numerous health behaviors and outcomes for 20th century birth cohorts, suggesting that the effects of ACEs on the risk of various health problems are unaffected by social or secular changes. Research showing detrimental and lasting neurobiologic effects of child abuse on the developing brain provides a plausible explanation for the consistency and dose-response relationships found for each health problem across birth cohorts, despite changing secular influences. (C) 2003 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 68 TC 256 Z9 259 U1 3 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00123-3 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 711VG UT WOS:000184761300011 PM 12914833 ER PT J AU Kanaya, AM Narayan, KMV AF Kanaya, AM Narayan, KMV TI Prevention of type 2 diabetes: data from recent trials SO PRIMARY CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; WEIGHT-LOSS; LIFE-STYLE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CLINICAL-TRIAL; HIGH-RISK; MELLITUS; OBESITY; NIDDM AB Several recent studies examined the effect of intensive lifestyle interventions or pharmacologic agents in preventing or postponing type 2 diabetes in people at high risk for this disease. Uniformly, all lifestyle interventions with diet and exercise show impressive benefits in reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes with relatively modest amounts of weight loss and exercise. Trials evaluating pharmacologic interventions also show beneficial results; however, to date only one trial has compared an intensive lifestyle intervention with a medication intervention. That study found that lifestyle modification was considerably more effective than medication. The challenge now is to find easy ways to identify people at high risk for diabetes and to provide effective lifestyle interventions in a feasible and cost-efficient manner. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kanaya, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, 1701 Divisadero St,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [5 K12 AR47659] NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0095-4543 J9 PRIMARY CARE JI Primary Care PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 3 BP 511 EP + DI 10.1016/S0095-4543(03)00034-4 PG 17 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 726XY UT WOS:000185627900003 PM 14692198 ER PT J AU Lee, LM McKenna, MT Janssen, RS AF Lee, LM McKenna, MT Janssen, RS TI Classification of transmission risk in the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AIDS EPIDEMIC; HIV AB Risk behavior information is essential for allocating resources and developing effective HIV prevention strategies. Over time, transmission risk information on HIV/AIDS cases has been less likely to be reported to the national surveillance system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) invited approximately 30 experts in HIV/AIDS and behavioral research from state and local health departments, academia, community-based organizations, and the CDC to participate in a consultation in December 2001 to generate ideas on how best to deal with the lack of risk data. The group was charged with providing recommendations on methods for classifying and reporting risk information and for identifying methods and sources for improving ascertainment of transmission risk behaviors for individuals infected with HIV. This report describes the recommendations and the effects of implementing such recommended procedures on the national HIV/AIDS surveillance database. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, LM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 118 IS 5 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50271-6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AQ UT WOS:000187280900002 PM 12941852 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Holman, RC Maddox, RA Foster, DA Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Holman, RC Maddox, RA Foster, DA Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki syndrome hospitalizations and associated costs in the United States SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB Objectives. To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of patients hospitalized with Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and estimate associated costs in the United States, using a large national hospital discharge dataset. Methods. Hospitalization discharge records with KS for 1997 through 1999 for U.S. residents <18 years of age were selected from Solucient's hospital discharge records. These records are collected from most of the self-governing children's hospitals and approximately one-third of short-term, non-federal general hospitals in the United States. Results. A total of 7,431 hospital discharges with a KS diagnosis were identified; 2,270 of the discharges were in 1997, 2,700 in 1998, and 2,461 in 1999. Boys comprised 60.0% of the discharges, and 76.4% of discharges were among children ages <5 years. For the 44 states and the District of Columbia with at least one hospital reporting KS, the average annual KS hospitalization rate was 10.2 per 100,000 children ages <5 years. The KS hospitalization rate for boys (12.0 per 100,000) was higher than that for girls (8.3 per 100,000) (risk ratio 1.45; 95% confidence interval 1.37, 1.52). Extrapolation to the U.S. population showed an estimated average annual KS hospitalization rate of 21.6. The median KS hospitalization cost for children <5 years of age during the study period was $6,169. Conclusions. The KS hospitalization rate was consistent with that of previous U.S. studies, although the extrapolated rate may be an overestimation. The median hospitalization cost for KS was higher than that for respiratory syncytial virus-associated bronchiolitis and diarrheal diseases. Large hospitalization datasets can be used to monitor the occurrence of KS in the United States. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Solucient LLC, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 118 IS 5 BP 464 EP 469 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AQ UT WOS:000187280900009 PM 12941859 ER PT J AU Dowdle, WR De Gourville, E Kew, OM Pallansch, MA Wood, DJ AF Dowdle, WR De Gourville, E Kew, OM Pallansch, MA Wood, DJ TI Polio eradication: the OPV paradox SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUS; ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION; WILD POLIOVIRUS; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUS; CODON DEGENERACY; GENETIC-BASIS AB Routine and mass administration of oral polio vaccine (OPV) since 1961 has prevented many millions of cases of paralytic poliomyelitis. The public health value of this inexpensive and easily administered product has been extraordinary. Progress of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has further defined the value of OPV as well as its risk through vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV). Although both are rare, once wild poliovirus transmission has been interrupted by OPV, the only poliomyelitis due to poliovirus will be caused by OPV. Poliovirus will be eradicated only when OPV use is discontinued. This paradox provides a major incentive for eventually stopping polio immunization or replacing OPV, but it also introduces complexity into the process of identifying safe and scientifically sound strategies for doing so. The core post eradication immunization issues include the risk/benefits of continued OPV use, the extent of OPV replacement with IPV, possible strategies for discontinuing OPV, and the potential for development and licensure of a safe and effective replacement for OPV. Formulation of an informed post eradication immunization policy requires careful evaluation of polio epidemiology, surveillance capability, vaccine availability, laboratory containment, and the risks posed by the very tool responsible for successful interruption of wild poliovirus transmission. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dowdle, WR (reprint author), Task Force Child Survival & Dev, 750 Commerce Dr,Suite 400, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. NR 103 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 13 IS 5 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1002/rmv.401 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 719LY UT WOS:000185205600002 PM 12931339 ER PT J AU Sansom, S Rudy, E Strine, T Douglas, W AF Sansom, S Rudy, E Strine, T Douglas, W TI Hepatitis A and B vaccination in a sexually transmitted disease clinic for men who have sex with men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG MEN; IMMUNIZATION; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; PROGRAMS AB Background: Sexually transmitted disease clinics can deliver hepatitis vaccines to men who have sex with men, but have been reluctant to do so because of perceived low vaccination completion rates. Goal. The goal was to evaluate hepatitis A and B vaccination eligibility, acceptance, and completion and the effectiveness of reminder/recall in a sexually transmitted disease clinic serving men who have sex with men. Design: Clients self-reported their eligibility for free vaccine. Consenting clients who accepted a first dose of vaccine were systematically assigned to receive telephone reminder/recall or standard follow-up. Results: Of 1203 clients, 71.8% were eligible for both vaccines; 62.6% of those eligible accepted both. Reminder/recall was associated with increased receipt of the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine (86.7% versus 80.4% among intervention and control groups, respectively), but not with completion of both vaccine series (55.9% versus 58.8%). Conclusion: The majority of clients were eligible for both hepatitis vaccines, and most eligible clients accepted a first dose of both vaccines. Reminder/recall, as delivered at this clinic, failed to increase the proportion of clients who received all vaccine doses. New delivery mechanisms should be explored. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Div Immunizat Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Natl Immunizat Program, Data Management Div, Assessment Branch, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Ctr, Sexual Hlth Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sansom, S (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 9 BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000079524.04451.4C PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 719CB UT WOS:000185185100003 PM 12972790 ER PT J AU Schaffzin, JK Koumans, EH Kahn, RH Markowitz, LE AF Schaffzin, JK Koumans, EH Kahn, RH Markowitz, LE TI Evaluation of syphilis reactor grids: Optimizing impact SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION AB Background: A syphilis reactor grid (SRG) is an administrative tool based on the sex, age, and serologic titer of persons with reactive serologic tests for syphilis (reactors) that is used by Sexually Transmitted Disease program staff to prioritize follow-up investigations of persons who may have syphilis. The National Plan to Eliminate Syphilis from the United States recommends that state and local health departments regularly evaluate the effectiveness of their SRGs. However, there are limited methods for SRG evaluation that are feasible for sexually transmitted disease programs. Goal. To evaluate the sensitivity and predictive value of five currently used SRGs. Study Design: Comparative evaluation of five SRGs in four different populations. Results: The percentage of true syphilis cases not assigned to an investigation by an SRG (missed cases) was dependent on syphilis prevalence among reactors and on the SRG. The percentage of reactors assigned to an investigation by an SRG that were not true cases was primarily dependent on syphilis prevalence among reactors, not SRG design. Cases missed by SRGs were predominantly men aged 30 to 50 years and women aged 20 to 40 years who had low or intermediate serologic titers. Conclusion: Monitoring the prevalence of syphilis among reactors is critical because in areas with high prevalence, most SRGs miss a substantial number of cases, and in areas with low prevalence, some SRGs can reduce unnecessary investigations. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 9 BP 700 EP 706 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000079518.04451.9D PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 719CB UT WOS:000185185100006 PM 12972793 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Santelli, J Gilbert, BC AF Anderson, JE Santelli, J Gilbert, BC TI Adolescent dual use of condoms and hormonal contraception - Trends and correlates 1991-2001 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; BEHAVIOR; RISK AB Background: Use of condoms with hormonal contraceptive methods (dual use) is recommended for adolescents at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy. Goal: The goal was to measure the extent of dual use among adolescents, to estimate trends in dual use 1991-2001, to assess factors associated with dual use in 2001, and to develop information useful for prevention programs. Study Design: We used 6 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of 9th-12th graders conducted 1991-2001. Each survey was an independent, nationally representative sample. Sample sizes ranged from 10,904 to 16,262, and overall response rates ranged from 60-70%. We estimated trends in dual use for the 1991-2001 period using linear logistic regression models of dual use on year of survey controlling statistically for grade, sex, and race/ethnic group, and evaluated correlates of dual use with chi-squared analysis. Results: Dual use increased significantly throughout 1991-2001, from 3.2% (95% confidence interval, +/- 0.7%) in 1991 to 7.2% ( +/- 0.8%) in 2001. During this period, condom use increased and pill use did not. In 2001, 32% (+/- 2.6%) of all users of hormonal methods (pill or injection) also used condoms. Students in a number of categories had higher rates of dual use: those who were white (8.9% +/- 1.2%), 12th graders (9.2% +/- 1.5%), and those aged 17 and older (8.8% +/- 1.3%). Greater dual use was not associated with increased sexual or drug use risk behaviors. Conclusion: Dual use has increased but remains low, especially among those most at risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 9 BP 719 EP 722 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000078628.84288.66 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 719CB UT WOS:000185185100009 PM 12972796 ER PT J AU O'Brien, ME Richardson-Alston, G Ayoub, M Magnus, M Peterman, TA Kissinger, P AF O'Brien, ME Richardson-Alston, G Ayoub, M Magnus, M Peterman, TA Kissinger, P TI Prevalence and correlates of HIV serostatus disclosure SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SELF-DISCLOSURE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SEXUAL PARTNERS; GAY MEN; INFECTION; SEROPOSITIVITY; DEPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS; RECOVERY AB Background and Objective: A study of HIV-positive individuals in New Orleans, Louisiana, found that the majority of patients disclosed to their main partners and family members, but less than one fourth disclosed to any casual sex partner. Older age and lower CD4 cell counts were associated with disclosure. Goal: The goal was to describe patterns of HIV serostatus disclosure among a diverse sample of patients at an HIV outpatient clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana. Study Design: A convenience sample of HIV-seropositive patients provided information about disclosure of seropositivity, demographics, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, mode of HIV acquisition, and sexual activity since HIV diagnosis. Results: The 269 persons disclosed their HIV status to people in the following categories: main sex partner (74.2%), casual sex partner (24.8%), immediate family member (69.8%), other relative (27.0%), or friend (26.4%). Adolescents were less likely than adults to disclose to a main partner, immediate family member, or a friend. Immunosuppressed persons were more likely than nonimmunosuppressed persons to disclose to a main partner, immediate family member, or another relative. Conclusion: Many HIV-infected individuals delay disclosure until their disease has progressed. Interventions such as partner notification and skill-building to facilitate appropriate HIV disclosure are needed. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kissinger, P (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 30 IS 9 BP 731 EP 735 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000079049.73800.C2 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 719CB UT WOS:000185185100012 PM 12972799 ER PT J AU Heitgerd, JL Lee, CV AF Heitgerd, JL Lee, CV TI A new look at neighborhoods near National Priorities List sites SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE geodemographics; environment; hazardous waste; neighborhood; superfund; National Priorities List sites USA ID ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; EQUITY; SUPERFUND; DEMOGRAPHICS; SYSTEMS AB A geodemographic database can assess characteristics of communities by providing (1) annual demographic estimates for these small areas, and (2) statistically based models that integrated consumer behavior and lifestyle data. When applied to neighborhoods proximate to National Priorities List (NPL) sites, information from a geodemographic database can inform environmental health risk assessments and aid in targeting health education activities. This study utilized such a database with 1999 census block group population estimates and neighborhood descriptors in the USA. We examined patterns of neighborhood type based on NPL site classification by activity and waste type (e.g., manufacturing, mining). Overall, block groups described as "Military Quarters" are at highest risk of being located near an NPL site. Other, distinct, neighborhood differences are described. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Reg, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heitgerd, JL (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Reg, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-60, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1126 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00489-6 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 708WF UT WOS:000184592500014 PM 12878110 ER PT J AU Barnes, RS Anderson, LA Weisbord, JS Koumans, E Toomey, KE AF Barnes, RS Anderson, LA Weisbord, JS Koumans, E Toomey, KE TI Georgia prenatal care providers' perceptions of barriers to sexually transmitted disease screening SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE barriers; health care policy; pregnancy; prenatal care providers; sexually transmitted disease screening ID PHYSICIANS; PREVENTION; MODEL AB Background: Evidence suggests that sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening during pregnancy is not optimal. No published studies have systematically examined barriers that hinder routine STD screening. This study examines prenatal care providers' perceptions about barriers to routine STD screening of pregnant women. Methods: Using a conceptual framework, four a priori barrier categories were developed: provider, patient, organizational, and structural. Responses to a question on barriers to STD screening in a 1998 mail survey of Georgia prenatal care providers were qualitatively classified into one of these categories. Results: Of the 293 providers who responded, 71% identified structural barriers, with 52% citing inadequate reimbursement. These respondents were most likely to name barriers categorized as structural, not patient, provider, or organization issues. Conclusion: Efforts to improve STD screening of pregnant women should include a focus on structural level interventions, such as instituting health care policies that provide adequate reimbursement for routine STD screening during pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent & Epidemiol, Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barnes, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent & Epidemiol, Program Off, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbarnes@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 96 IS 9 BP 845 EP 849 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000083859.84394.B7 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831CO UT WOS:000222170700003 PM 14513977 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH Kachur, SP Marum, LH Mkandala, C Chizani, N Roberts, JM Macheso, A Parise, ME AF Holtz, TH Kachur, SP Marum, LH Mkandala, C Chizani, N Roberts, JM Macheso, A Parise, ME TI Care seeking behaviour and treatment of febrile illness in children aged less than five years: a household survey in Blantyre District, Malawi SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; antimalarials; sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; home treatment; care seeking behaviour; Malawi ID HOME TREATMENT; RURAL AREA; HEALTH-SERVICES; BEDNET USE; MALARIA; MOTHERS; KENYA; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; GUINEA AB Malaria is a leading cause of death in children aged < 5 years in Malawi. As part of the Roll Back Malaria initiative, African heads of state have pledged that by 2005, 60% of children will receive an effective antimalarial drug within 24 h of developing fever. In 1993, Malawi switched from chloroquine to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in its recommendations of home treatment of febrile illness in children. To study care seeking behaviour and home treatment in Blantyre District, and provide valuable follow-up to the chloroquine to SP transition, we performed a 2-stage cluster-sample survey in February 2000. Our sample of 1080 households included 672 households with children aged < 5 years; 292 (32.2%, 95% CI 28.7-35.8%) of the 912 children in these households had completed a febrile episode within the past 14 d. Among recently febrile children, 210 (72.0%, 95% CI 67.0-77.1%) received medication at home during their illness, but only 36 (12.2%, 95% CI 8.4-16.0%) received an appropriate antimalarial drug. Overall, 111 (37.4%, 95% CI 30.9-43.9%) received prompt, appropriate treatment. Only rural location was statistically associated with failure to receive prompt appropriate treatment (risk ratio estimate 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.5). A greater effort to improve the quality of malaria home treatment or to expand health facility utilization will be necessary to achieve Roll Back Malaria goals before 2005 in Blantyre District. Current care seeking practices suggest interventions should stress promptness of health facility visits, improved access to appropriate drugs, and accurate dosing for home-based treatments. C1 CDCP, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiat, Blantyre, Malawi. Blantyre Dist Hlth Off, Blantyre, Malawi. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Holtz, TH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tholtz@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 97 IS 5 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(03)80003-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 844RE UT WOS:000223176500002 PM 15307408 ER PT J AU Mathieu, E Deming, M Lammie, PJ McLaughlin, SI Beach, MJ Deodat, DJ Addiss, DG AF Mathieu, E Deming, M Lammie, PJ McLaughlin, SI Beach, MJ Deodat, DJ Addiss, DG TI Comparison of methods for estimating drug coverage for filariasis elimination, Leogane Commune, Haiti SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; diethylcarbamazine; albendazole; community-based distribution; cost-analysis; survey methods; Haiti ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; SCHOOLCHILDREN; ALBENDAZOLE; IVERMECTIN; PROGRAMS AB In the global effort to eliminate lymphatic filariasis, annual mass treatments are conducted with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin, combined with albendazole. The success of this strategy depends on achieving high levels of drug coverage, which reduces the number of persons with circulating microfilariae so that transmission of the parasite is interrupted. Because resources are often limited, a simple, inexpensive, and reliable method to estimate drug coverage is needed. During the period December 2000 to February 2001, three methods were used to assess drug coverage in Leogane Commune, Haiti: a probability survey using a cluster sample design (n = 1421 persons); a distribution-point survey based on a convenience sample of houses near the distribution points (n = 4341 persons),and a survey based on a convenience sample of primary schools (n = 5036 children). The coverage estimations were 71.3% (95% CI 66.7-75.9), 73.6% (95% CI 70.1-77.0), and 77.8% (95% CI 73.5-82.1), respectively. Survey costs for the probability, distribution point, and school surveys were US$2217, US$979, and US$312, respectively. The 2 convenience sampling methods provided point estimates of drug coverage that were similar to those of the probability survey. These methods may have a role for monitoring drug treatment coverage between less frequent, but more costly, probability sample surveys. C1 CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Hop St Croix, Leogane, Haiti. RP Mathieu, E (reprint author), CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM emm7@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 97 IS 5 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(03)80006-8 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 844RE UT WOS:000223176500004 PM 15307410 ER PT J AU Noroes, J Addiss, D Cedenho, A Figueredo-Silva, J Lima, G Dreyer, G AF Noroes, J Addiss, D Cedenho, A Figueredo-Silva, J Lima, G Dreyer, G TI Pathogenesis of filarial hydrocele: risk associated with intrascrotal nodules caused by death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE bancroftian filariasis; Wuchereria bancrofti; acute hydrocele; chronic hydrocele; diethylcarbamazine; histopathology; Brazil ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; SCROTAL AREA; IN-VIVO; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; INFECTION; EFFICACY; IVERMECTIN; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; VESSELS AB Although testicular hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation of bancroftian filariasis, its pathogenesis is poorly understood, as is its relationship to inflammatory scrotal nodules following death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti. Between 1994 and 1998, we prospectively determined the incidence and clinical evolution of nodule-associated acute hydrocele in men attending 2 outpatient clinics in Recife, Brazil who were infected with W. bancrofti, had living adult worms detectable by ultrasound in the intrascrotal lymphatic vessels, and were scheduled for treatment with 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine (DEC). A total of 132 men developed 173 scrotal nodules 1-7 (mean 4.2) d after DEC treatment and another 47 developed 58 spontaneous nodules before they received DEC treatment. These 179 men with a single 'nodule event' (simultaneous development of greater than or equal to 1 scrotal nodules) were followed-up by serial physical and ultrasound examinations for 18 months. Overall, 40 (22.3%) men developed acute hydrocele, 3 of whom underwent biopsy and hydrocele repair. Of the remaining 37 men, 9 (24.3%) developed chronic hydrocele and 28 had acute hydrocele resolution within 14-210 (mean 60.9) d. Rate of chronic hydrocele was similar for men who received DEC and those with spontaneous nodules. Seventeen (42.5%) men with hydrocele had multiple scrotal nodules, compared with 28 (20.1%) men who did not develop hydrocele (P= 0.007). Of 134 men with single nodules, superior paratesticular nodules were found in 56.5% and 29.7% of those with and without hydrocele, respectively (P= 0.02). Acute hydrocele occurs frequently following death of adult W. bancrofti and single episodes of scrotal nodule formation. Chronic hydrocele may develop following 5.1% of these episodes. C1 Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Cirurgia, Serv Urol, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, NEPAF, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Urol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Lab Imunopatol Keizo Asami, Recife, PE, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Trop Med, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Dreyer, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Cirurgia, Serv Urol, Av Prof Moraes Rego S-N,5 Andar,Cidade Univ, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM jnoroes@hotmail.com RI Cedenho, Agnaldo/A-5378-2015 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 97 IS 5 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(03)80029-9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 844RE UT WOS:000223176500021 PM 15307427 ER PT J AU Stramer, SL Wagner, AG Paolillo, JE Lanciotti, RS Petersen, LR Marfin, AA Dawson, GJ Gutierrez, RA Fang, C Smith, RIF Linnen, JM Giachetti, C AF Stramer, SL Wagner, AG Paolillo, JE Lanciotti, RS Petersen, LR Marfin, AA Dawson, GJ Gutierrez, RA Fang, C Smith, RIF Linnen, JM Giachetti, C TI West Nile Virus (WNV) tests identify units implicated in tranfusion transmission SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Inst Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 2A EP 3A PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700008 ER PT J AU Stramer, SL Beyers, ML Wagner, AG Dille, BJ Dawson, GJ Schochetman, G Linnen, JM Petersen, LR Marfin, AA Lambert, AJ Chambers, T Burkhalter, K Aspen, SE Lanciotti, RS AF Stramer, SL Beyers, ML Wagner, AG Dille, BJ Dawson, GJ Schochetman, G Linnen, JM Petersen, LR Marfin, AA Lambert, AJ Chambers, T Burkhalter, K Aspen, SE Lanciotti, RS TI West Nile Virus (WNV) RNA prevalence in blood donations during the 2002 US epidemic SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 3A EP 3A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700011 ER PT J AU Johnson, ST Cable, RG Trouern-Trend, J Gill, JE Leiby, DA Pieniazek, NJ Eberhard, ML Herwaldt, BL AF Johnson, ST Cable, RG Trouern-Trend, J Gill, JE Leiby, DA Pieniazek, NJ Eberhard, ML Herwaldt, BL TI Frequency and duration of Babesia microti parasitemia in seropositive blood donors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Farmington, CT USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 13A EP 13A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700046 ER PT J AU Gill, JE Leiby, DA Johnson, ST Trouem-Trend, J Cable, RG Pieniazak, IJ Eberhard, ML Herwaldt, BL AF Gill, JE Leiby, DA Johnson, ST Trouem-Trend, J Cable, RG Pieniazak, IJ Eberhard, ML Herwaldt, BL TI Analysis of risk factors for Babesia microti infection in seropositive blood donors in Connecticut SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, Connecticut Reg, Farmington, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 78A EP 78A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700264 ER PT J AU Roucoux, DH Busch, MP Murphy, EL Guiltinan, AM Alter, MJ Terrault, N AF Roucoux, DH Busch, MP Murphy, EL Guiltinan, AM Alter, MJ Terrault, N TI Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among sexual partners of infected blood donors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Blood Ctr Pacific, Blood Syst, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 122A EP 122A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700417 ER PT J AU Kakaiya, RM Gordon, S Adamson, C Tata, R Mizzi, A Joseph, N Faso, J Dodds, K Pealer, L AF Kakaiya, RM Gordon, S Adamson, C Tata, R Mizzi, A Joseph, N Faso, J Dodds, K Pealer, L TI Donor investigations for suspected post-transfusion West Nile virus infection SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY NOV 01-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Lifesource Blood Serv, Glenview, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 SU S BP 127A EP 127A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 716TT UT WOS:000185045700436 ER PT J AU Pellett, PE Wright, DJ Engels, EA Ablashi, DV Dollard, SC Forghani, B Glynn, SA Goedert, JJ Jenkins, FJ Lee, TH Neipel, F Todd, DS Whitby, D Nemo, GJ Busch, MP AF Pellett, PE Wright, DJ Engels, EA Ablashi, DV Dollard, SC Forghani, B Glynn, SA Goedert, JJ Jenkins, FJ Lee, TH Neipel, F Todd, DS Whitby, D Nemo, GJ Busch, MP CA Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Stud TI Multicenter comparison of serologic assays and estimation of human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence among US blood donors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; AFRICA AB BACKGROUND: As part of assessing the possibility of transfusion transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus), HHV-8 seroprevalence was estimated among US blood donors, the performance of HHV-8 serologic tests was compared, and the presence of HHV-8 DNA was tested for in donated blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Replicate panels of 1040 plasma specimens prepared from 1000 US blood donors (collected in 1994 and 1995) and 21 Kaposi's sarcoma patients were tested for antibodies to HHV-8 in six laboratories. HHV-8 PCR was performed on blood samples from 138 donors, including all 33 who tested seropositive in at least two laboratories and 22 who tested positive in at least one. RESULTS: The estimated HHV-8 seroprevalence among US blood donors was 3.5 percent (95% Cl, 1.2%-9.8%) by a conditional dependence latent-class model, 3.0 percent (95% Cl, 2.0%-4.6%) by a conditional independence latent-class model, and 3.3 percent (95% Cl, 2.3%-4.6%) by use of a consensus-derived gold standard (specimens positive in two or more laboratories); the conditional dependence model best fit the data. In this model, laboratory specificities ranged from 96.6 to 100 percent. Sensitivities ranged widely, but with overlapping 95 percent CIs. HHV-8 DNA was detected in blood from none of 138 donors evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Medical and behavioral screening does not eliminate HHV-8-seropositive persons from the US blood donor pool, but no viral DNA was found in donor blood. Further studies of much larger numbers of seropositive individuals will be required to more completely assess the rate of viremia and possibility of HHV-8 transfusion transmission. Current data do not indicate a need to screen US blood donors for HHV-8. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NCI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. ABI, Columbia, MD USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Virol, Erlangen, Germany. NHLBI, REDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Lerner Res Inst, Dept Virol, NN10,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RI Jenkins, Frank/A-8529-2009 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HB-97082, N01-HB-97080, N01-HB-97079, N01-HB-97077, N01-HB-47114, N01-HB-97078, N01-HB-97081] NR 41 TC 97 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2003 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1260 EP 1268 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00490.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 713KD UT WOS:000184855900012 PM 12919429 ER PT J AU Piesman, J Zeidner, NS Schneider, BS AF Piesman, J Zeidner, NS Schneider, BS TI Dynamic changes in Borrelia burgdorferi populations in Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) during transmission: Studies at the mRNA level SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis and Other Tick-Borne Diseases CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL NEW YORK, NY DE ticks; Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi; lyme disease; transmission ID OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SALIVARY-GLANDS; TICK REMOVAL; LIFE-CYCLE; A ANTIBODY; IN-VIVO; INFECTION; DAMMINI AB Many B. burgdorferi genes are regulated at the level of transcription during B. burgdorferi passage from ticks to mammals. Particular spirochete outer surface proteins of interest are OspA, OspC, and vlsE. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels produced by these three genes were determined by a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (q-RT-PCR) procedure for spirochete populations in nymphal I. scapularis midguts and salivary glands at specific intervals during the feeding process. The mRNA values were compared to that of a standard, the mRNA levels of the constitutively expressed Flagellin (fla) gene. The levels of OspA and vlsE did not increase markedly in the midgut during feeding, but the mRNA levels of OspC increased significantly during feeding. In tick salivary glands, OspA mRNA levels actually decreased during feeding, while OspC levels increased six orders of magnitude. The mRNA levels of vlsE in tick salivary glands increased significantly only during the last 2 days of tick feeding. Overall, OspA mRNA was more abundant in tick midguts, whereas OspC and vlsE mRNA was more abundant in tick salivary glands. Further studies on the regulation of B. burgdorferi transcription activity during the act of transmission will lead to a better understanding of spirochete transmission dynamics, and hopefully facilitate the development of novel ways of interrupting the spread of Lyme disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM JPiesman@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 3 IS 3 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1089/153036603768395825 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 802NU UT WOS:000220171000004 PM 14511582 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Mulinare, J Erickson, JD AF Botto, LD Mulinare, J Erickson, JD TI Do multivitamin or folic acid supplements reduce the risk for congenital heart defects? Evidence and gaps SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE congenital heart defects; transposition of the great arteries; ventricular septal defects; folic acid; supplements; epidemiology; prevention ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; ANOMALIES; PREVENTION; MALFORMATIONS; RECURRENCE; VITAMIN; TRACT AB Congenital heart defects are among the most common congenital anomalies and are the leading cause of infant death due to congenital anomalies. Except for a few known measures, effective primary prevention is not yet feasible for most heart anomalies. Recent reports have associated the use of multivitamin supplements around the time of conception and during early pregnancy with a reduced risk for heart defects in the offspring. We review and discuss the evidence and suggest a framework for further investigation in this area. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 76 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 121A IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.20132 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 713ME UT WOS:000184861200001 PM 12910485 ER PT J AU Saxena, QB Saxena, RK Siegel, PD Lewis, DM AF Saxena, QB Saxena, RK Siegel, PD Lewis, DM TI Identification of organic fractions of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) which inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production from a murine macrophage cell line SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE macrophage; diesel exhaust particulates; nitric oxide ID PARTICLES AB Diesel exhaust particulates (DEPs) can constitute a large component of the particulate air pollution in urban areas and is a health concern. The effects of DEP on nitric oxide (NO) production by a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) in response to interferon-gamma (INFgamma), lipopolysaccharide, (LPS) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were studied. The DEP was fractionated into organic and inorganic fractions (carbonaceous core). The organic portion was further divided into asphaltene, saturates, less polar aromatics, more polar aromatics and resins-containing fractions. Each fraction was tested for the ability to suppress NO production from BCG-stimulated macrophages. DEP crude organic extract, more polar aromatic hydrocarbon, and resin fractions dose-dependently inhibited BCG-stimulated NO production. It is concluded that the responsiveness of the macrophages to stimuli, such as BCG, is suppressed by DEP and that this activity is most predominant in the polar aromatic hydrocarbons and resins-containing fractions. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Analyt Serv Branch, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India. Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Lewis, DM (reprint author), NIOSH, Analyt Serv Branch, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 143 IS 3 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00192-9 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 702JG UT WOS:000184220300008 PM 12849692 ER PT J AU Lee, ML Chen, CJ Su, IJ Chen, KT Yeh, CC King, CC Chang, HL Wu, YC Ho, MS Jiang, DD Lin, WF Lang, HC Lin, T Lai, MH Wang, JT Chen, CH AF Lee, ML Chen, CJ Su, IJ Chen, KT Yeh, CC King, CC Chang, HL Wu, YC Ho, MS Jiang, DD Lin, WF Lang, HC Lin, T Lai, MH Wang, JT Chen, CH CA CDC TI Use of quarantine to prevent transmission of severe acute respiratory Syndrome - Taiwan, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 680-683, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Execut Yuan, SARS Prevent Task Force, Taipei, Taiwan. WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Taiwan SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, ML (reprint author), Execut Yuan, SARS Prevent Task Force, Taipei, Taiwan. RI Chen, Chien-Jen/C-6976-2008; Su, Ih-Jen/B-2655-2010 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 8 BP 1021 EP 1022 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 715FA UT WOS:000184958900006 ER PT J AU Davis, HF Croft, JB Malarcher, AM Ayala, C Antoine, TL Hyduke, A Mensah, GA AF Davis, HF Croft, JB Malarcher, AM Ayala, C Antoine, TL Hyduke, A Mensah, GA CA CDC TI Public health and aging: Hospitalizations for stroke among adults aged >= 65 years - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 586, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID POST-ACUTE CARE C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davis, HF (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 8 BP 1023 EP 1024 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 715FA UT WOS:000184958900008 ER PT J AU Barr, JR Maggio, VL Barr, DB Turner, WE Sjodin, A Sandau, CD Pirkle, JL Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Barr, JR Maggio, VL Barr, DB Turner, WE Sjodin, A Sandau, CD Pirkle, JL Needham, LL Patterson, DG TI New high-resolution mass spectrometric approach for the measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in human serum SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyls; organochlorine pesticides ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; CHLORINATED PESTICIDES; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; HUMAN HEALTH; FOOD-CHAIN; PCBS; BIOMAGNIFICATION AB To increase our analytical throughput for measuring polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides without sacrificing data quality, we have developed and validated a combined PCB/OC pesticide gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) analysis. In a single GC-HRMS analysis, both selected PCBs and OC pesticides are detected and quantified. Previously, this has been difficult, if not impossible, because of the major difference in masses of the most abundant electron-impact ions. However, we have identified slightly less abundant ions to monitor that allow us to successfully combine these analytes into a single analysis without sacrificing any analytical sensitivity or instrument reliability. Consequently, we have been able to double our analytical throughput by modification of mass spectrometric parameters alone. Our new methodology has been validated against our current GC-HRMS method, which entails using two separate injections, one for PCB analysis and one for OC pesticide analysis. The two methods differ by less than 4% overall, with no systematic bias. We used this method to analyze approximately 350 serum samples over a period of several months. We found that our new method was as reliable in automated, overnight runs as our current method. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 21 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 794 IS 1 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00451-3 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 707TM UT WOS:000184526000015 PM 12888206 ER PT J AU Chace, DH Kalas, TA Fierro, M Rasmussen, SA Wolf, K Williams, J Dott, M AF Chace, DH Kalas, TA Fierro, M Rasmussen, SA Wolf, K Williams, J Dott, M CA CDC TI Contribution of selected metabolic diseases to early childhood deaths-Virginia, 1996-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR vol 52, pg 677-679, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Neo Gen Screening Inc, Bridgeville, PA 15017 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Off Chief Med Examiner, Richmond, VA USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chace, DH (reprint author), Neo Gen Screening Inc, Bridgeville, PA 15017 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 7 BP 881 EP 882 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 712ZE UT WOS:000184828800008 ER PT J AU Huhn, GD Sejvar, JJ Montgomery, SP Dworkin, MS AF Huhn, GD Sejvar, JJ Montgomery, SP Dworkin, MS TI West Nile Virus in the United States: An update on an emerging infectious disease SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; POLIOMYELITIS; RIBAVIRIN; EFFICACY AB West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and human neuropathogen. Since the virus was recognized in New York City in 1999, it has spread rapidly across the United States, with human disease documented in 39 states and the District of Columbia. West Nile virus can cause a broad range of clinical syndromes, including fever, meningitis, encephalitis, and a flaccid paralysis characteristic of a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. Approximately one in 150 infections results in severe neurologic illness. Advanced age is the greatest risk factor for severe neurologic disease, long-term sequelae, and death. Physicians should consider West Nile virus infection when evaluating febrile patients who have unexplained neurologic symptoms, muscle weakness, or erythematous rash during late spring through early fall, or throughout the year in warm climates. West Nile virus infection has no characteristic findings on routine laboratory tests, although anemia, leukocytosis, or lymphopenia may be present. Testing for IgM antibody to West Nile virus in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (samples from the acute and convalescent phases, submitted at least two weeks apart) is the most common diagnostic method. Local or state health departments usually can perform the test within 24 to 36 hours of submission. Treatment is supportive. Prevention relies on comprehensive mosquito-control programs and measures to avoid mosquito bites, including the use of mosquito repellents containing NN-diethyl-m-toluamide. Copyright 2003(C) American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Huhn, GD (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 160 N LaSalle St,7 South, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 BP 653 EP 660 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 714JR UT WOS:000184910700007 PM 12952382 ER PT J AU Green, PHR Fleischauer, AT Bhagat, G Goyal, R Jabri, B Neugut, AI AF Green, PHR Fleischauer, AT Bhagat, G Goyal, R Jabri, B Neugut, AI TI Risk of malignancy in patients with celiac disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID T-CELL LYMPHOMA; DERMATITIS-HERPETIFORMIS; INTESTINAL LYMPHOMA; SPRUE; MORTALITY; POPULATION; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS; SPECTRUM; COHORT AB PURPOSE: Studies from Europe have demonstrated an increased risk of malignancy, especially non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in patients with celiac disease. However, there are no data on the risk for similar patients in the United States. Our aim was to estimate the risk of malignancy in a cohort of patients with celiac disease compared with the general U.S. population and to determine if a gluten-free diet is protective. METHODS: Patients with celiac disease seen between July 1981 and January 2000 at a referral center were included. Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) (ratio of observed to expected) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, using data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. RESULTS: Forty-three (11%) of 381 celiac disease patients had a diagnosis of cancer; 9 were after the diagnosis of celiac disease, 7 were simultaneous (during same month or admission), and 27 were before the diagnosis. The standardized morbidity ratio for all cancers combined was 1.5 (95% CI: 0.3 to 7.5), with significantly increased values for small bowel cancer (SMR = 34; 95% CI: 24 to 42), esophageal cancer (SMR = 12; 95% Cl: 6.5 to 21), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR = 9.1; 95% CI: 4.7 to 13), and melanoma (SMR = 5.0; 95% CI: 2.1 to 12). Following the diagnosis of celiac disease, patients were at increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma only (SMR = 6.2; 95% CI: 2.9 to 14), despite adherence to a gluten-free diet. The non-Hodgkin's lymphoma included both T-cell and B-cell types and occurred in both gastrointestinal (n = 5) and extraintestinal sites (n = 4). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of patients with celiac disease, we observed increased risks of small intestinal adenocarcinoma, esophageal cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma persisted despite a gluten-free diet. (C) 2003 by Excerpta Medica Inc. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Pathol, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Herbert Irving Comprehens Canc Ctr, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Green, PHR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Coll Phys & Surg, 161 Ft Washington Ave,Room 645, New York, NY 10032 USA. OI Bhagat, Govind/0000-0001-6250-048X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA89155] NR 37 TC 178 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 8 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 115 IS 3 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00302-4 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 716BM UT WOS:000185009000004 PM 12935825 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA Moser, KS AF LoBue, PA Moser, KS TI Use of isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection in a public health clinic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE isoniazid; latent tuberculosis; hepatotoxicity; adherence; adverse effects ID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; RIFAMPIN; PYRAZINAMIDE; HEPATITIS; HEPATOTOXICITY; ADULTS AB Isoniazid is an efficacious treatment for latent tuberculosis. Concerns remain, however, regarding hepatotoxicity associated with this medication. In addition, adherence may be suboptimal because at least 6 months of treatment is required. We extracted information from our latent tuberculosis treatment database to determine adverse effects and treatment completion rates associated with the use of isoniazid at a county tuberculosis clinic. Outcomes were available for 3,788 patients started on isoniazid between 1999 and 2002. Six hundred seventy-two patients (18%) experienced one or more adverse effects, including 10 (0.3%) determined to have isoniazid-associated liver injury. No hospitalizations or deaths occurred in patients experiencing an adverse effect. A higher incidence of adverse effects was associated with increasing age. Sixty-four percent of patients completed at least 6 months of isoniazid. Higher completion rates were associated with younger age, Hispanic ethnicity, and non-U.S. country of birth. Lower completion rates were associated with being homelessness, using excess alcohol, and having experienced an adverse effect. In summary, we conclude that in our clinic population isoniazid is a safe therapy for latent tuberculosis, but its effectiveness is limited by modest completion rates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, TB Control Program, Hlth & Human Serv Agency, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, POB 85222,Mail Stop P511D, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U52/CCU900452-20] NR 18 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 168 IS 4 BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1164/rccm.200303-390OC PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 709ZC UT WOS:000184655600010 PM 12746255 ER PT J AU Koehler, JE Sanchez, MA Tye, S Garrido-Rowland, CS Chen, FM Maurer, T Cooper, JL Olson, JG Reingold, AL Hadley, WK Regnery, RR Tappero, JW AF Koehler, JE Sanchez, MA Tye, S Garrido-Rowland, CS Chen, FM Maurer, T Cooper, JL Olson, JG Reingold, AL Hadley, WK Regnery, RR Tappero, JW TI Prevalence of Bartonella infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with fever SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE INFECTION; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; BACTEREMIA; DIAGNOSIS; QUINTANA AB Bartonella infection can be difficult to diagnose, especially when it manifests as bacteremia, which is usually accompanied by nonspecific symptoms, such as fever. Therefore, we hypothesized that Bartonella infection represents an underrecognized cause of febrile illness. To determine the prevalence of Bartonella infection among patients presenting with fever, we evaluated 382 patients in San Francisco. Overall, 68 patients (18%) had evidence of Bartonella infection detected by culture, indirect fluorescent antibody testing, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twelve patients (3%) had either Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana isolated from specimens of blood, tissue, or both or had DNA detected in tissue; all 12 had concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Bartonella antibodies were detected in 17% of febrile patients, including 75% of culture-positive or PCR-positive patients. In a nested, matched case-control study aimed at identifying clinical features of febrile illness associated with Bartonella infection, only bacillary angiomatosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were associated with Bartonella infection (P less than or equal to .03 for both). The prevalence of Bartonella infection among patients with late-stage HIV infection and unexplained fever is much greater than has previously been documented. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koehler, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 521 Parnassus Ave,Rm C-443, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00003]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI052813, R01 AI43703]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU910875] NR 26 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1086/375586 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 709HC UT WOS:000184618900014 PM 12905141 ER PT J AU Watts, DH Lambert, J Stiehm, ER Harris, DR Bethel, J Mofenson, L Meyer, WA Mathieson, B Fowler, MG Nemo, G AF Watts, DH Lambert, J Stiehm, ER Harris, DR Bethel, J Mofenson, L Meyer, WA Mathieson, B Fowler, MG Nemo, G CA PACTG 185 Study Team TI Progression of HIV disease among women following delivery SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; pregnancy; disease progression ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; CUBIC MILLIMETER; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; VIRAL LOAD; ZIDOVUDINE; INFANT; AIDS; PROGESTERONE AB Objective: To assess patterns of HIV disease progression among HIV-1-infected women following delivery. Methods: Four hundred ninety-seven women enrolled in PACTG 185, a phase 3 trial of passive immunoprophylaxis in addition to zidovudine (ZDV) for the prevention of perinatal transmission, were included. Visits occurred twice during pregnancy; at delivery, and at 12, 26, 48, and 78 weeks postpartum. Repeated-measures linear regression and proportional hazards models were applied. Results: Trial treatment (HIV hyperimmune globulin vs. immune globulin) was not related to postpartum disease progression. Longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 RNA demonstrated stable levels during pregnancy, significantly increased HIV-1 RNA by 12 weeks postpartum even on stable therapy, and a gradual increase thereafter. Changes in CD4(+) lymphocyte percentage over 18 months of follow-up were similar for women continuing or stopping ZDV postpartum. Compared with those receiving no therapy, the hazard ratio for AIDS or death among women who received monotherapy postpartum was 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25-1.04), 0.17 (CI: 0.06-0.49) for women who received combination therapy, and 0.24 (CI: 0.06-1.01) for women who received highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: RNA levels increased significantly from delivery to 12 weeks postpartum. Changes in HIV-1 RNA and CD4(+) lymphocyte percentage were similar among women continuing or stopping therapy after delivery, and response to antiretroviral therapy was as expected postpartum. C1 NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Quest Diagnost Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. NIH, Off AIDS Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Watts, DH (reprint author), NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B11,MSC 7510, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27550, AI-27565]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-33162] NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 5 BP 585 EP 593 DI 10.1097/00126334-200308150-00006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 711BJ UT WOS:000184718000006 PM 12902802 ER PT J AU Wilson, TE Koenig, L Ickovics, J Walter, E Suss, A Fernandez, MI AF Wilson, TE Koenig, L Ickovics, J Walter, E Suss, A Fernandez, MI CA Perinatal Guidelines Evaluation Pr TI Contraception use, family planning, and unprotected sex: Few differences among HIV-infected and uninfected postpartum women in four US states SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE contraception; family planning; women ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PREGNANCY; TRANSMISSION; IMPACT; RISK; BEHAVIOR; MEN AB To describe pregnancy intentions and contraceptive use among a postpartum sample of women with and at risk for HIV infection, 258 HIV-seropositive and 228 HIV-seronegative women were recruited from prenatal clinics in 4 US states between June 1996-November 1998. Participants completed interviews at 24-40 weeks' gestation and at 6 months postpartum. At the 6-month interview, 78% of women reported vaginal sex, and 2% were pregnant. Among those not pregnant, 86% said that there was no likelihood of a pregnancy in the next 6 months. Condom use was reported by 68% of sexually active women; 65% of users reported consistent use. Those with HIV were more likely to report condom use, more likely to report condom use consistency, and less likely to report use of oral contraceptives than women without HIV (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, inconsistent condom use was associated with postpartum alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] 2.80; 95% CI = 1.34-5.84), with the respondent stating that a pregnancy would not be emotionally upsetting (OR 3.06; 95% CI = 1.41-6.59) and reporting an intention to terminate a pregnancy if one were to occur (OR 3.47; 95% CI = 1.58-7.60). HIV-seropositive women who had at least 1 child with HIV infection were less likely than seronegative women to report inconsistent condom use (OR 0.15; 95% CI = 0.03-0.76). Few differences were detected in reproductive behaviors as a function of HIV serostatus, although both cohorts engaged in unprotected sex. Counseling to decrease sexual risk behaviors should begin prior to or early in the postpartum period and include discussion of both reproductive and disease transmission issues. C1 Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Wilson, TE (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Box 1240,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU412294, U64/CCU412273, U64/CCU112274, U64/CCU212267] NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 5 BP 608 EP 613 DI 10.1097/00126334-200308150-00010 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 711BJ UT WOS:000184718000010 PM 12902806 ER PT J AU Mayer, KH Hogan, JW Smith, D Klein, RS Schuman, P Margolick, JB Korkontzelou, C Farzedegan, H Vlahov, D Carpenter, CCJ AF Mayer, KH Hogan, JW Smith, D Klein, RS Schuman, P Margolick, JB Korkontzelou, C Farzedegan, H Vlahov, D Carpenter, CCJ CA HERS Grp TI Clinical and immunologic progression in HIV-infected US women before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; AIDS; women; antiretroviral therapy; natural history ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HEPATITIS-C; DRUG-USE; AIDS; SURVIVAL AB Objective: To examine factors associated with clinical and immunologic HIV disease progression in a cohort of US women. Design: Analysis of data from a prospective, longitudinal, case-control study of HIV-infected women followed every 6 months for 7 years. Setting: Four urban clinical centers in the United States. Participants: 648 HIV-infected women who did not have AIDS at time of entry into the study. Measurements: Structured clinical and behavioral interviews; protocol-directed physical examinations; CD4 lymphocyte counts; plasma HIV RNA; infectious pathogen serologies. Results: With 2304 women-years of follow-up, 46.1% of the women developed AIDS; however, 93.3% of the diagnoses were based on CD4 counts dropping to <200 cells/mm(3). Only 10.6% of the women with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm(3) developed an opportunistic infection. Baseline CD4 count was the strongest predictor of subsequent clinical progression. Illicit substance use, multiple pregnancies, demographic variables, and other infections were not associated with progression. Among women with CD4 counts >500 cells/mm(3) at baseline, those who were anemic or had hepatitis C were more likely to progress to AIDS. By the end of the study, only 52% of the participants were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conclusions: Despite underutilization of HAART in this multicenter cohort of urban women, opportunistic infections were uncommon, despite CD4 declines. C1 Miriam Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. RP Mayer, KH (reprint author), Miriam Hosp, Div Infect Dis, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 5 BP 614 EP 624 DI 10.1097/00126334-200308150-00011 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 711BJ UT WOS:000184718000011 PM 12902807 ER PT J AU Kothe, D Byers, RH Caudill, SP Satten, GA Janssen, RS Hannon, WH Mei, JV AF Kothe, D Byers, RH Caudill, SP Satten, GA Janssen, RS Hannon, WH Mei, JV TI Performance characteristics of a new less sensitive HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay for use in estimating HIV seroincidence SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE enzyme immunoassay; HIV testing; early HIV infection; HIV incidence; quality assurance; quality control; proficiency testing ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FRANCISCO MENS HEALTH; HOMOSEXUAL BISEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; TESTING ALGORITHM; INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; INDIVIDUALS; STRATEGY; EPIDEMIC AB Less sensitive (LS) HIV-1 enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) have significantly improved the quantity and quality of HIV surveillance data. The first LS-HIV-1 EIA. the Abbott 3A11-LS, provided reliable incidence data, but the assay required specialized equipment, and the lack of available reagents made testing difficult. This study evaluated the use of an alternate assay, a modified version of the Vironostika HIV-1 EIA (Vironostika-LS), to be used for LS testing. The Vironostika-LS has similar performance characteristics to the Abbott 3A11-LS with additional advantages. This 96-well formatted assay is commonly found in public health laboratories for routine HIV-1 testing and can be used with both serum and dried blood spot specimens. The estimated mean time from seroconversion (defined using a standardized optical density cutoff of 1.0) with the Vironostika-LS was 170 days (95% CI, 145-200 days). When the Vironostika-LS was applied to a matched serum set previously tested with the Abbott 3A11-LS, the Vironostika-LS accurately identified 97% of specimens with recent or long-standing HIV infection. The paper also reports Vironostika-LS quality control guidelines and the results from 3 rounds of proficiency testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mei, JV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Newborn Screening Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 5 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1097/00126334-200308150-00012 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 711BJ UT WOS:000184718000012 PM 12902808 ER PT J AU Ashley, K AF Ashley, K TI Developments in electrochemical sensors for occupational and environmental health applications SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE electroanalysis; electrochemical sensors; industrial hygiene; on-site analysis ID STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRIC MEASUREMENT; SCREENING-TEST METHODS; ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION; GAS SENSORS; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; MONITORING FORMALDEHYDE; PERFORMANCE CRITERIA; REFERENCE ELECTRODE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; LEAD ANALYZER AB This paper provides an overview of recent advances in electrochemical sensors for industrial hygiene monitoring applications. Currently available instrument technologies as well as new devices under development are both exemplified. Progress in ruggedization and miniaturization of electroanalytical devices has led to significant improvements for on-site monitoring applications, e.g. in harsh environments and in biological monitoring. Sensor arrays and modified electrodes offer considerable promise for improved electrochemical sensing, i.e. through multi-species detection and enhanced selectivity. On-site electroanalytical detection and measurement in the field may become more widely used for applications in occupational health monitoring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM kashley@cdc.gov RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 109 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00198-5 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 722VK UT WOS:000185398600002 PM 12963279 ER PT J AU Drake, PL Lawryk, NJ Ashley, K Sussell, AL Hazelwood, KJ Song, RG AF Drake, PL Lawryk, NJ Ashley, K Sussell, AL Hazelwood, KJ Song, RG TI Evaluation of two portable lead-monitoring methods at mining sites SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE lead; anodic stripping voltammetry; X-ray fluorescence; portable analysis; ultrasonic extraction ID ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; WORKPLACE AIR; PERFORMANCE; METALS AB Two methods for measuring airborne lead using field-portable instruments have been developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Method 7702 uses X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Method 7701 employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) followed by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The two portable methods were evaluated at mining sites. Area air samples were collected throughout two mills where ore from nearby mines was processed; the primary constituent of the ore was lead sulfide (galena). The air samples were collected on 37 mm mixed cellulose ester membrane filters housed within plastic filter cassettes. At the end of the work shift, the cassettes were collected and taken to a room off-site for analysis by the two portable methods. The filter samples were first analyzed by XRF and then by UE/ASV. Calibration was verified on both instruments according to standard procedures. The samples were then sent for confirmatory analysis via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) according to NIOSH Method 7082. Pairwise comparisons between the methods using the paired t-test showed no statistically significant differences between ASV and FAAS (P > 0.05); however, the comparison between XRF and FAAS was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The elevated lead concentrations reported by XRF relative to FAAS were likely the result of the ability of XRF to report total lead, including lead silicates. This form of lead is not liberated in the digestion process prior to FAAS analysis, and is therefore not detected by this method. Despite this discrepancy, lead concentrations measured by both portable technologies were found to be highly correlated with the laboratory method (R-2 > 0.96), suggesting that they are suitable as screening methods for airborne lead at mining sites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Drake, PL (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, 315 E Montgomery Ave, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00200-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 722VK UT WOS:000185398600004 PM 12963281 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE Hanson, DL McNaghten, AD Fleming, PL AF Kellerman, SE Hanson, DL McNaghten, AD Fleming, PL TI Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of acute hepatitis B infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; UNINFECTED ADOLESCENTS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; IMPAIRED RESPONSE; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG MEN; HIV; LAMIVUDINE; RESISTANCE AB We determined incidence and risk factors for acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV vaccination rates among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects from the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project, during 1998-2001. Among 16,248 HIV-infected patients receiving care, the incidence of acute HBV was 12.2 cases/1000 person-years (316 cases), was higher among black subjects (rate ratio [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.0), subjects with alcoholism (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3), subjects who had recently injected drugs (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4), and subjects with a history of AIDS-defining conditions (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9) and was lower in those taking either antiretroviral therapy (ART) with lamivudine (RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4-0.6), ART without lamivudine (RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.7), or greater than or equal to1 dose of HBV vaccine (14% of subjects) (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9). Prevalence of chronic HBV was 7.6% among unvaccinated subjects. HBV rates in this population were much higher than those in the general population, and vaccination levels were low. HBV remains an important cause of comorbidity in HIV-infected persons, but ART and vaccination are associated with decreased disease. C1 CDCP, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. CDCP, Stat & Data Management Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), CDCP, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. NR 47 TC 144 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 4 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.1086/377135 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 708KX UT WOS:000184567000013 PM 12898445 ER PT J AU Moore, T Ekworomadu, CO Eko, FO MacMillan, L Ramey, K Ananaba, GA Patrickson, JW Nagappan, PR Lyn, D Black, CM Igietseme, JU AF Moore, T Ekworomadu, CO Eko, FO MacMillan, L Ramey, K Ananaba, GA Patrickson, JW Nagappan, PR Lyn, D Black, CM Igietseme, JU TI Fc receptor-mediated antibody regulation of T cell immunity against intracellular pathogens SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION; MHC CLASS-I; DENDRITIC CELLS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; DEFICIENT MICE; B-CELLS; RESPONSES AB Immunity to intracellular microbial pathogens, including Chlamydia species, is controlled primarily by cell-mediated effector mechanisms, yet, the absence of antibodies results in inefficient microbial clearance. We investigated the hypothesis that certain Fc receptor functions promote the rapid induction of elevated T helper type 1 (Th1) response, which effectively clears chlamydiae. FcR(-/-) mice exhibited a delayed and reduced frequency of Chlamydia-specific Th1 cells, compared to FcR(+/+) mice. In vitro, antichlamydial antibodies increased the rate of Th1 activation by FcR(+/+) but not FcR(+/+) antigen-presenting cells. FcR(-/-) dendritic cells and the T cell-associated IgG2A and IgA mediate enhanced Th1 activation by antibodies. Immunization with chlamydia-antibody complexes induced elevated and protective Th1 response. These results provide a mechanistic basis for requiring both T cell and humoral immune responses in protective immunity and vaccine evaluation. Findings offer a paradigm in host defense wherein different effector components function indirectly to maximize the principal effector mechanism. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Igietseme, JU (reprint author), CDC, NCID, SRP, Mailstop 17,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 08248] NR 48 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 4 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1086/377134 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 708KX UT WOS:000184567000020 PM 12898452 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Hoaglin, DC Battaglia, MP Barker, L AF Smith, PJ Hoaglin, DC Battaglia, MP Barker, L TI Implementation and applications of bootstrap methods for the National Immunization Survey SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE area under the curve; complex sampling design; percentile interval; receiver operating characteristic curve; ranks; variance estimation ID OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; STRATIFIED SAMPLES; INFERENCE AB In complex probability sample surveys, numerous adjustments are customarily made to the survey weights to reduce potential bias in survey estimates. These adjustments include sampling design (SD) weight adjustments, which account for features of the sampling plan, and non-sampling design (NSD) weight adjustments, which account for non-sampling errors and other effects. Variance estimates prepared from complex survey data customarily account for SD weight adjustments, but rarely account for all NSD weight adjustments. As a result, variance estimates may be biased and standard confidence intervals may not achieve their nominal coverage levels. We describe the implementation of the bootstrap method to account for the SD and NSD weight adjustments for complex survey data. Using data from the National Immunization Survey (NIS), we illustrate the use of the bootstrap (i) for evaluating the use of standard confidence intervals that use Taylor series approximations to variance estimators that do not account for NSD weight adjustments, (ii) for obtaining confidence intervals for ranks estimated from weighted survey data, and (iii) for evaluating the predictive power of logistic regressions using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses that account for the SD and NSD adjustments made to the survey weights. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), CDC, NIP, MS E-62,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 15 BP 2487 EP 2502 DI 10.1002/sim.1471 PG 16 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 707AJ UT WOS:000184487000008 PM 12872304 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Neuzil, KM Thompson, WW AF Jackson, LA Neuzil, KM Thompson, WW TI Pneumococcal vaccination in older adults - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 14 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 7 BP 713 EP 714 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 711FL UT WOS:000184728900029 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG AF Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI The conjugate vaccine and invasive pneumococcal disease - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 14 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 7 BP 715 EP 716 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 711FL UT WOS:000184728900032 ER PT J AU Lee, LM McKenna, M Sharpe, TT AF Lee, LM McKenna, M Sharpe, TT CA CDC TI HIV diagnoses among injection-drug users in states with HIV surveillance - 25 States, 1994-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 634-636, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NEW-YORK-CITY; EPIDEMIC C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, LM (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 6 BP 743 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 709VU UT WOS:000184647700011 ER PT J AU Molotilov, V Sofronova, R Gusseynova, N Laricheva, N Hader, SL Garfein, R Paxton, L AF Molotilov, V Sofronova, R Gusseynova, N Laricheva, N Hader, SL Garfein, R Paxton, L CA CDC TI Rapid increase in HIV rates - Orel Oblast, Russian Federation, 1999-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 657-660, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; TUBERCULOSIS C1 AIDS & Infect Dis Prevent Ctr, Orel Oblast, Russia. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Molotilov, V (reprint author), AIDS & Infect Dis Prevent Ctr, Orel Oblast, Russia. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 13 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 6 BP 747 EP 748 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 709VU UT WOS:000184647700012 ER PT J AU Wattigney, WA Mensah, GA Croft, JB AF Wattigney, WA Mensah, GA Croft, JB TI Increasing trends in hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the united states, 1985 through 1999 - Implications for primary prevention SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE arrhythmia; atrial flutter; cardiovascular diseases; morbidity ID STROKE PREVENTION; RISK-FACTORS; WARFARIN; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; ANTICOAGULATION; ASSOCIATION; MANAGEMENT; THERAPIES; DIAGNOSIS AB Background-Atrial fibrillation, the most common sustained disturbance of heart rhythm, is associated with a 5-fold increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke. Methods and Results-The National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to estimate the annual number and prevalence of hospitalizations with atrial fibrillation among men and women 35 years of age or older. From 1985 through 1999, hospitalizations increased from 154 086 to 376 487 for a first-listed diagnosis and from 787 750 to 2 283 673 for any diagnosis. Prevalence was higher among successive age groups. Age-standardized prevalence was consistently higher among men than women. In 1999, essential hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and diabetes were prominent coexisting conditions. The number of male patients discharged home decreased from 77% to 63%, whereas the number of discharges to long-term care increased from 9% to 15%; the corresponding values for women were 72% to 56% and 15% to 23%. A slight increase in discharges to short-term care was indicated, whereas no trends were noted for in-hospital mortality. Conclusions-Hospitalizations for atrial fibrillation have increased dramatically (2- to 3-fold) in recent years. The public health burden of atrial fibrillation is enormous and expected to continue to increase over the next decades. Primary prevention of atrial fibrillation must be recognized and pursued as a complementary management strategy for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Studies, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wattigney, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Studies, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 37 TC 322 Z9 327 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD AUG 12 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 6 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000083722.42033.0A PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 710ZM UT WOS:000184712700016 PM 12885749 ER PT J AU Thompson, W Hutwagner, L Kolczak, M AF Thompson, W Hutwagner, L Kolczak, M TI Monitoring mortality events associated with individual physicians and practices SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, W (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 9 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9382 BP 417 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14098-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 709XD UT WOS:000184651100005 PM 12927425 ER PT J AU Rao, GVS Tinkle, S Weissman, DN Antonini, JM Kashon, ML Salmen, R Battelli, LA Willard, PA Hubbs, AF Hoover, MD AF Rao, GVS Tinkle, S Weissman, DN Antonini, JM Kashon, ML Salmen, R Battelli, LA Willard, PA Hubbs, AF Hoover, MD TI Efficacy of a technique for exposing the mouse lung to particles aspirated from the pharynx SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; INHALATION; EXPOSURE; DEPOSITION; AEROSOL AB Recent studies have demonstrated that the mouse lung can be exposed to soluble antigens by aspiration of these antigens from the pharynx. This simple technique avoids the trauma associated with intratracheal instillation. In this study, the pharyngeal aspiration technique was validated for exposing the mouse lung to respirable particles. Using respirable fluorescent amine-modified polystyrene latex beads and beryllium oxide particles, we investigated the localization of aspirated particles within the lung and the relationship between the amount of material placed in the pharynx and the amount deposited in the lung. For exposure, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane in a hell jar, placed on a slant board, and the tongue was gently held in full extension while a 50-mul suspension of particles was pipetted onto the base of the tongue. Tongue restraint was maintained until at least two breaths were completed. Less than a minute after exposure, all mice awoke from anesthesia without visible sequela. There were no significant differences in particle distribution between the left and right side of the lung (p = .16). Particles were widely disseminated in a peribronchiolar pattern within the alveolar region. There was a linear and significant correlation (r(2) = .99) between the amount administered and the amount deposited in the lung. In beryllium-exposed mice, measurable lung beryllium was 77.5 to 88.2% of the administered beryllium. These findings demonstrate that following aspiration of pharyngeal deposited particles, exposures to the deep lung are repeatable, technically simple, and highly correlated to the administered dose. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hubbs, AF (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 15 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD AUG 8 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 15 BP 1441 EP 1452 DI 10.1080/15287390390201839 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 708FL UT WOS:000184556500004 PM 12857634 ER PT J AU Mauer, MP Rosales, R Sievert, J Propeck, M Becker, A Arvizu, E Hadzizanovic, M Mehler, L Profant, D Thomsen, C Baum, L Lackovic, M Granger, J Calvert, GM Alarcon, WA AF Mauer, MP Rosales, R Sievert, J Propeck, M Becker, A Arvizu, E Hadzizanovic, M Mehler, L Profant, D Thomsen, C Baum, L Lackovic, M Granger, J Calvert, GM Alarcon, WA CA CDC TI Surveillance for acute insecticide-related illness associated with mosquito-control efforts - Nine states, 1999-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 629-634, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Calif Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mauer, MP (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 5 BP 591 EP 592 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 708GH UT WOS:000184558500008 ER PT J AU Sabin, M Cardozo, BL Nackerud, L Kaiser, R Varese, L AF Sabin, M Cardozo, BL Nackerud, L Kaiser, R Varese, L TI Factors associated with poor mental health among Guatemalan refugees living in Mexico 20 years after civil conflict SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; POLITICAL REPRESSION; BOSNIAN REFUGEES; CHILDREN; TRAUMA; INSTRUMENT; DISABILITY; TERRORISM; THAILAND; SYMPTOMS AB Context From 1981 to 2001, 46000 refugees who fled the 36-year civil conflict in Guatemala for Chiapas, Mexico were under the protection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of mental illness and factors associated with poor mental health of underserved Guatemalan refugee communities located in Chiapas, Mexico, since 1981 and to assess need for mental health services. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional survey of 183 households in 5 Mayan refugee camps in Chiapas representing an estimated 1546 residents (adults and children) conducted November-December 2000. Main Outcome Measures Symptom criteria of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression,as measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (Hopkins-25). Results One adult (aged greater than or equal to16 years) per household (n = 170 respondents) who agreed to participate was included in the analysis, representing an estimated 93% of households. All respondents reported experiencing at least 1 traumatic event with a mean of 8.3 traumatic events per individual. Of the respondents, 20 (11.8%) had all symptom criteria for PTSD. Of the 160 who completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, 87 (54.4%) had anxiety symptoms and 62 (38.8%) had symptoms of depression. Witnessing the disappearance of family members (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-15.50), being close to death (AOR, 4.19, 95% 6, 1.03-17.00), or living with 9 to 15 persons in the same home (AOR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.19-11.39) were associated with symptoms of PTSD. There was a protective factor found for lacking sufficient food (AOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01-0.59). Elevated anxiety symptoms were associated with witnessing a massacre (AOR, 10.63; 95% CI, 4.31-26.22), being wounded (AOR, 3.22; 95% CI, 0.95-10.89), and experiencing 7 to 12 traumatic events (AOR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.14-6.27) and 13 to 19 traumatic events (AOR, 2.26; 95% CI, 0.65-7.89). Elevated symptoms of depression were associated with being a woman (AOR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.47-9.04), being widowed (AOR, 27.55; 95% CI, 2.54-299.27), being married (AOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.59-6.33), witnessing disappearances (AOR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.16-6.19), experiencing 7 to 12 traumatic events (AOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.64-3.88), or experiencing 13 to 19 traumatic events (AOR, 7.44; 95% CI, 2.18-25.37). Conclusion Psychiatric morbidity related to human rights violations, traumatic events, and refugee status was common among Guatemalan refugees surveyed 20 years after the Guatemalan civil conflict. C1 Univ Georgia, Sch Social Work, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergencies & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. UN High Commissioner Refugees, Suboff, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Sabin, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Sch Social Work, Tucker Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 26 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 5 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1001/jama.290.5.635 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 708GH UT WOS:000184558500018 PM 12902367 ER PT J AU Bilukha, OO Brennan, M Woodruff, BA AF Bilukha, OO Brennan, M Woodruff, BA TI Death and injury from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LAND MINES; MOZAMBIQUE AB Context Afghanistan is one of the countries most affected by injuries due to landmines and unexploded ordnance. Objective To understand the epidemiological patterns and risk factors for injury due to landmines and unexploded ordnance. Design and Setting Analysis of surveillance data on landmine and unexploded ordnance injuries in Afghanistan collected by the International Committee of the Red Cross in 390 health facilities in Afghanistan. Surveillance data were used to describe injury trends, injury types, demographics, and risk behaviors of those injured and explosive types related to landmine and unexploded ordnance incidents. Participants A total of 1636 individuals injured by landmines and unexploded ordnance, March 2001 through June 2002. Results Eighty-one percent of those injured were civilians, 91.6% were men and boys, and 45.9% were younger than 16 years. Children were more likely to be injured by unexploded ordnance (which includes grenades, bombs, mortar shells, and cluster munitions), whereas adults were injured mostly by landmines. The most common risk behaviors for children were playing and tending animals; for adults, these risk behaviors were military activity and activities of economic necessity (eg, farming, traveling). The case-fatality rate of 9.4% is probably underestimated because surveillance predominantly detects those who survive long enough to receive medical care. Conclusions Landmine risk education should focus on hazards due to unexploded ordnance for children and on landmine hazards for adults and should address age-specific risk behaviors. Expanding community-based and clinic-based reporting will improve the sensitivity and representativeness of surveillance. C1 CDCP, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bilukha, OO (reprint author), CDCP, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 5 BP 650 EP 653 DI 10.1001/jama.290.5.650 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 708GH UT WOS:000184558500020 PM 12902369 ER PT J AU Valenciano, M Coulombier, D Cardozo, BL Colombo, A Alla, MJ Samson, S Connolly, MA AF Valenciano, M Coulombier, D Cardozo, BL Colombo, A Alla, MJ Samson, S Connolly, MA TI Challenges for communicable disease surveillance and control in southern Iraq, April-June 2003 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The recent war in Iraq presents significant challenges for the surveillance and control of communicable diseases. In early April 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) sent a team of public health experts to Kuwait and a base was established in the southern Iraqi governorate of Basrah on May 3. We present the lessons learned from the communicable disease surveillance and control program implemented in the Basrah governorate in Iraq (population of 1.9 million) in April and May 2003, and we report communicable disease surveillance data through June 2003. Following the war, communicable disease control programs were disrupted, access to safe water was reduced, and public health facilities were looted. Rapid health assessments were carried out in health centers and hospitals to identify priorities for action. A Health Sector Coordination Group was organized with local and international health partners, and an early warning surveillance system for communicable disease was set up. In the first week of May 2003, physicians in hospitals in Basrah suspected cholera cases and WHO formed a cholera control committee. As of June 29, 2003, Iraqi hospital laboratories have confirmed 94 cases of cholera from 7 of the 8 districts of the Basrah governorate. To prevent the transmission of major communicable diseases, restoring basic public health and water/sanitation services is currently a top priority in Iraq. Lack of security continues to be a barrier for effective public health surveillance and response in Iraq. C1 WHO, CSR, F-69007 Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Emergency & Humanitarian Act, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Basrah Dept Publ Hlth, Basrah, Iraq. WHO, Program Communicable Dis Complex Emergencies, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Valenciano, M (reprint author), WHO, CSR, 58 Ave Debourg, F-69007 Lyon, France. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 5 BP 654 EP 658 DI 10.1001/jama.290.5.654 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 708GH UT WOS:000184558500021 PM 12902370 ER PT J AU Lyss, SB Kamb, ML Peterman, TA Moran, JS Newman, DR Bolan, G Douglas, JM Iatesta, M Malotte, CK Zenilman, JM Ehret, J Gaydos, C Newhall, WJ AF Lyss, SB Kamb, ML Peterman, TA Moran, JS Newman, DR Bolan, G Douglas, JM Iatesta, M Malotte, CK Zenilman, JM Ehret, J Gaydos, C Newhall, WJ CA RESPECT Study Grp TI Chlamydia trachomatis among patients infected with and treated for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POST-GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; GENITAL INFECTIONS; ADOLESCENT WOMEN; VENEREAL-DISEASE; PREVALENCE; MEN; COINFECTION; URINE; TRACT AB Background: For two decades, treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have recommended empirical co-treatment for chlamydia when patients are treated for gonorrhea. Because the epidemiology of and diagnostic testing for STDs have changed over time, co-treatment may no longer be needed as a clinical or public health strategy. Objective: To assess the prevalence of chlamydia among patients at STD clinics who are infected with and treated for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and to determine whether co-treatment recommendations are still justified. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data from a multisite study. Setting: Five public STD clinics (Baltimore, Maryland; Denver, Colorado; Long Beach, California; Newark, New Jersey; and San Francisco, California), July 1993 through October 1995. Patients: 3885 heterosexual patients (2184 men and 1701 women) who agreed to participate in a trial of counseling interventions and had conclusive results from diagnostic tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia performed routinely as part of the trial. Measurements: infection with Chlamydia trachomatis as determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 20% (95% CI, 16% to 24%) of 411 men and 42% (CI, 35% to 50%) of 151 women with laboratory-confirmed N. gonorrhoeae. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 19% (CI, 15% to 22%) of 410 men and 35% (CI, 28% to 43%) of 154 women with treatment indications for gonorrhea who would not otherwise have been treated for chlamydia: chlamydia prevalence among these patients was significantly higher than among patients without treatment indications for either gonorrhea or chlamydia: 7% in men and 9% in women (relative risk, 2.58 [CI, 1.92 to 3.47] and 4.12 [CI, 3.05 to 5.57], respectively). Conclusion: The frequent presence of chlamydia among patients at STD clinics who received treatment for gonorrhea, including sex partners of gonorrhea-infected patients, supports continuing current recommendations for co-treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Francisco Hlth Dept, San Francisco, CA USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Newark, NJ USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Lyss, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 53 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 5 PY 2003 VL 139 IS 3 BP 178 EP 185 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 707RH UT WOS:000184523300003 PM 12899585 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Butler, MA Ruder, A Forrester, C Taylor, L Ashley, DL Mathias, P Marlow, KL Cheever, KL Krieg, E Wey, H AF Toraason, M Butler, MA Ruder, A Forrester, C Taylor, L Ashley, DL Mathias, P Marlow, KL Cheever, KL Krieg, E Wey, H TI Effect of perchloroethylene, smoking, and race on oxidative DNA damage in female dry cleaners SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; oxidative DNA damage; perchloroethylene; tobacco smoking; race ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CLEANING WORKERS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; CANCER RISK; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; EXPOSED WORKERS; LIVER-CANCER; B6C3F1 MICE; VITAMIN-E AB Perchloroethy lene (PERC) is used widely as an industrial dry cleaning solvent and metal degreaser. PERC is an animal carcinogen that produces increased incidence of renal adenomas, adenocarcinomas, mononuclear cell leukemia, and hepatocellular tumors. Oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation were assessed in 38 women with (dry cleaners) or without (launderers) occupational exposure to PERC. PERC exposure was assessed by collecting breathing zone samples on two consecutive days of a typical work week. PERC levels were measured in blood drawn on the morning of the second day of breathing zone sample collection in dry cleaners and before atypical workday in launderers. Blood PERC levels were two orders of magnitude higher in dry cleaners compared to launderers. A significant correlation was noted between time weighted average (TWA) PERC and blood PERC in dry cleaners (r = 0.7355, P < 0.002). 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), ng/mg deoxyguanosine (dG) in leukocyte nuclear DNA was used as an index of steady-state oxidative DNA damage. Urinary 8-OHdG, mu g/g creatinine was used as an index of oxidative DNA damage repair. Urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (8-epi-PGF), ng/g creatinine was used as an index of lipid peroxidation. The mean +/- S.D. leukocyte 8-OHdG in launderers was 16.0 +/- 7.3 and was significantly greater than the 8.1 +/- 3.6 value for dry cleaners. Urinary 8-OHdG and 8-epi-PGF were not significantly different between dry cleaners and launderers. Unadjusted Pearson correlation analysis of log transformed PERC exposure indices and biomarkers of oxidative stress indicated a significant association in launderers between blood PERC and day 1 urinary 8-OHdG (r = 0.4661, P < 0.044). No significant associations between exposure indices and biomarkers were evident in linear models adjusted for age, body mass index, race, smoking (urinary cotinine, mg/g creatinine) and blood levels of the antioxidants Vitamin E and beta-carotene. The mean +/- S.D. leukocyte 8-OHdG value in control white women was 17.8 +/- 7.4 and was significantly greater than the 11.8 +/- 5.9 in control black women. No significant differences by race were evident for the other biomarkers. Smoking status was not significantly associated with any of the oxidative damage indices. Results indicate a reduction in oxidative DNA damage in PERC exposed dry cleaners relative to launderers, but PERC could not clearly be defined as the source of the effect. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM mtoraason@cdc.gov RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 65 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 EI 1879-3592 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD AUG 5 PY 2003 VL 539 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00130-X PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 720EE UT WOS:000185247900002 PM 12948810 ER PT J AU Newton, R Ziegler, J Bourboulia, D Casabonne, D Beral, V Mbidde, E Carpenter, L Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Weiss, R Boshoff, C AF Newton, R Ziegler, J Bourboulia, D Casabonne, D Beral, V Mbidde, E Carpenter, L Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Weiss, R Boshoff, C CA Uganda Sarcoma Study Grp TI Infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in relation to the risk and clinical presentation of Kaposi's sarcoma in Uganda SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE KSHV/HHV-8; Kaposi's sarcoma; HIV; Uganda ID CANCER; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; ANTIBODIES; ADULTS AB A case-control study from Uganda found that the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma increased with increasing titre of antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latent nuclear antigens, independently of HIV infection. Clinically, widespread Kaposi's sarcoma was more frequent among patients with HIV infection than in those without, but was not related to anti-KSHV antibody titres. C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Canc Res Uk, Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Uganda Canc Inst, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Kampala, Uganda. Canc Res UK, Wolfson Inst Med Sci, Viral Oncol Grp, London WC1E 6BT, England. Uganda Virua Res Inst, MRC Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UCL, Windeyer Inst, London, England. RP Newton, R (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Canc Res Uk, Epidemiol Unit, Gibson Bldg, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. EM rob.newton@cancer.org.uk RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Casabonne, Delphine/H-6425-2014 NR 9 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD AUG 4 PY 2003 VL 89 IS 3 BP 502 EP 504 DI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601113 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 708EA UT WOS:000184553100015 PM 12888820 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Moulton, LH Reid, R Weatherholtz, R Oski, J Brown, L Kumar, G Parkinson, A Hu, D Hackell, J Chang, I Kohberger, R Siber, G Santosham, M AF O'Brien, KL Moulton, LH Reid, R Weatherholtz, R Oski, J Brown, L Kumar, G Parkinson, A Hu, D Hackell, J Chang, I Kohberger, R Siber, G Santosham, M TI Efficacy and safety of seven-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in American Indian children: group randomised trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNOGENICITY; OPPORTUNITIES; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; POPULATION; INFANTS; ALASKA AB Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of invasive bacterial disease in children aged younger than 2 years. Navajo and White Mountain Apache children have some of the highest rates of invasive pneumococcal disease documented in the world. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a seven-valent polysaccharide protein conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PnCRM7) against such disease. Methods In a group-randomised study, we gave this vaccine to children younger than 2 years from the Navajo and White Mountain Apache Indian reservations; meningococcal type C conjugate vaccine (MnCC) served as the control vaccine. Vaccine schedules were determined by age at enrolment. We recorded episodes of invasive pneumococcal disease and serotyped isolates. Analyses were by intention to treat and per protocol. Findings 8292 children enrolled in the trial. In the per protocol analysis of the primary efficacy group (children enrolled by 7 months of age) there were eight cases of vaccine serotype disease in the controls and two in the PnCRM7 group; in the intention-to-treat analysis we noted 11 cases of vaccine serotype disease in the MnCC control group and two in the PnCRM7 group. After group randomisation had been controlled for, the per protocol primary efficacy of PnCRM7 was 76.8% (95% CI -9.4% to 95.1%) and the intention-to-treat total primary efficacy was 82.6% (21.4% to 96.1%). Interpretation PnCRM7 vaccine prevents vaccine serotype invasive pneumococcal disease even in a high risk population. Other regions with similar disease burden should consider including this vaccine in the routine childhood vaccine schedule. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Indian Hlth Serv, Tuba City, AZ USA. Wyeth Vaccines, Pearl River, NY USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387 NR 16 TC 241 Z9 250 U1 0 U2 6 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 2 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9381 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14022-6 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 707FB UT WOS:000184498700008 PM 12907008 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Li, M Limpakarnjanarat, K Young, NL Hodge, T Butera, ST McNicholl, JM Mastro, TD Lal, RB AF Yang, CF Li, M Limpakarnjanarat, K Young, NL Hodge, T Butera, ST McNicholl, JM Mastro, TD Lal, RB TI Polymorphisms in the CCR5 coding and noncoding regions among HIV type 1-exposed, persistently seronegative female sex-workers from Thailand SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GENETIC-VARIATION; CHEMOKINE; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; ALLELES; ROLES AB Resistance to HIV-1 infection despite repeated exposures has been associated with one or more HIV-specific responses, enhanced nonspecific immune modifications, and/or host genetic polymorphisms in certain individuals (highly exposed, persistently seronegative, HEPS). In the present investigation, we focused on the CCR5 gene polymorphisms and the association of such mutations to resistance to HIV-1 infection among 12 HEPS women in Chiang Rai, northern Thailand, and compared our findings with data from 10 HIV-1-infected and 9 HIV-1-uninfected unexposed women from the same geographic area. Although we have previously shown that none of the Thai women carried the Delta32 mutation, further analysis of the CCR5 coding gene region revealed that none of the women had other mutations that affect coreceptor activity (C101X or FS299) or chemokine responses (C20S, A29S, L55Q, C178R). Analysis of the CCR5 promoter region revealed that the CCR5 haplogroup C (HHC; 60%) was the predominant haplogroup among these women. Comparative analysis of the frequencies of different haplogroups among the three groups did not reveal any statistically significant differences (p>0.05). However, we did rind that two individuals from the HEPS group were homozygous for HHF*2 (the CCR2b-64I bearing haplogroup) compared to none from the HIV-1-infected and -uninfected groups. There was no detectable difference in specific CCR5 haplogroups and their ability to mediate env fusion or to mediate HIV-1 infection in vitro. These data suggest that homozygosity of the HHF*2 haplogroup may be one of the factors that mediate resistance to HIV-1 infection in this cohort of HEPS women. C1 CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. CDCP, HIV Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), CDC, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DASTLR, NCID, Mail Stop D-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 8 BP 661 EP 665 DI 10.1089/088922203322280883 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 716GP UT WOS:000185020700005 PM 13678468 ER PT J AU Ramos, A Nguyen, L Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Choopanya, K Young, NL Tappero, JW Mastro, TD Folks, TM Subbarao, S AF Ramos, A Nguyen, L Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Choopanya, K Young, NL Tappero, JW Mastro, TD Folks, TM Subbarao, S TI New HIV type 1 CRF01_AE/B recombinants displaying unique distribution of breakpoints from incident infections among injecting drug users in Thailand SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SUBTYPE-E; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; SEQUENCE; BANGKOK; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; DIVERSITY AB The goals of this study were to identify and characterize recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) genomes among incident infections in a prospective cohort study of injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok, Thailand. Through cross-sectional, comparative phylogenetic analysis of the protease and env (C2-V4) gene regions, subtype discordance was observed in HIV-1 sequences from 4 of 111 IDUs (3.5%). Near-full-length HIV-1 genome sequences of the four strains revealed that in all four, the gp120 sequences clustered with a CRF01_AE prototype, while the remainder of the genomes displayed distinct mosaic patterns, with multiple breakpoints between HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B-like regions. Two of the four HIV-1 recombinant strains displayed a nearly identical mosaic structure, suggesting the possible emergence and spread of a potentially new circulating recombinant form of HIV-1. Further characterization of these and other recombinant genomes through long-term follow-up will be important in understanding the generation of viral diversity and escape from the host?s immune responses. This information will be especially important for vaccine development. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Thai MOPH, US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Subbarao, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 8 BP 667 EP 674 DI 10.1089/088922203322280892 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 716GP UT WOS:000185020700006 PM 13678469 ER PT J AU Han, XY Pham, AS Tarrand, JJ Rolston, KV Helsel, LO Levett, PN AF Han, XY Pham, AS Tarrand, JJ Rolston, KV Helsel, LO Levett, PN TI Bacteriologic characterization of 36 strains of Roseomonas species and proposal of Roseomonas mucosa sp nov and Roseomonas gilardii subsp rosea subsp nov SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial taxonomy; sequencing of 16S rDNA; Roseomonas ID AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; CATHETER-RELATED BACTEREMIA; HUMAN INFECTIONS; PATIENT; IDENTIFICATION; GENUS AB We used a polyphasic approach (sequencing analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and phenotypic analyses) to characterize 36 strains of Roseomonas species isolated from blood. Five strains, represented by strain MDA5176 (M.D. Anderson Cancer Center), were identified as Roseomonas gilardii. One strain belonged to Roseomonas genomospecies 4. The 22 strains represented by strain MDA5527 showed significant differences genotypically and phenotypically with R gilardii and other Roseomonas species and represented a new Roseomonas species; Roseomonas mucosa sp nov was proposed to denote its prominent mucoid, almost runny colonies. Eight strains, represented by strain MDA5605, had minor differences with R gilardii and displayed obvious pink to red colonies; Roseomonas gilardii subsp rosea subsp nov was proposed. For subspecies differentiation, R gilardii was proposed to be R gilardii subsp gilardii subsp nov. Unique patterns of biochemical reactions were established for these Roseomonas species, which may assist routine identification of these organisms. All 36 strains and 2 American Type Culture Collection strains were susceptible to amikacin and ciprofloxacin but resistant to cefepime and ceftazidime. They also were frequently susceptible to imipenem and ticarcillin-clavulanate but far less susceptible to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sutfamethoxazole, and ampicillin. R mucosa strains were most resistant, whereas R gilardii subsp gilardii strains were most susceptible. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Clin Microbiol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Han, XY (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Clin Microbiol Sect, Unit 84,1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 18 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 120 IS 2 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1309/731VVGVCKK351Y4J PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 705XP UT WOS:000184422600013 PM 12931556 ER PT J AU Norman, SA Localio, AR Zhou, L Bernstein, L Coates, RJ Flagg, EW Marchbanks, PA Malone, KE Weiss, LK Lee, NC Nadel, MR AF Norman, SA Localio, AR Zhou, L Bernstein, L Coates, RJ Flagg, EW Marchbanks, PA Malone, KE Weiss, LK Lee, NC Nadel, MR TI Validation of self-reported screening mammography histories among women with and without breast cancer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; case-control studies; mammography; mass screening; sensitivity and specificity ID VALIDITY; POPULATION; EFFICACY; ACCURACY; TRIALS AB As part of a case-control study of the efficacy of screening mammography, the authors validated the mammography histories of 2,495 women aged 40-64 years with incident breast cancer diagnosed in 1994-1998 and a 25% random sample of 615 controls never diagnosed with breast cancer, all reporting a mammogram in the past 5 years. Subjects from five metropolitan areas of the United States were cross-classified by facility records ("gold standard") and self-report according to history of a recent screening mammogram (within 1 year or within 2 years). Sensitivity and specificity of self-reported screening at 1 year were 0.93 and 0.82, respectively, for cases and 0.92 and 0.80 for controls. At 2 years, sensitivity and specificity were 0.97 and 0.78 for both cases and controls. Confidence intervals for the differences in sensitivity and specificity were narrow and included zero. Scant evidence was found of telescoping (recollection of events as more recent than actual). Findings suggest that, in an interview-based case-control study of the efficacy of screening mammography, 1) estimated true prevalences of recent screening mammography adjusted for sensitivity and specificity will be slightly lower than self-reported prevalences, and 2) differential misclassification of exposure status is slight. Therefore, odds ratios will likely be biased toward the null, underestimating screening efficacy. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Populat Studies & Prevent Program, Detroit, MI USA. RP Norman, SA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, 801 Blockley Hall,423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-0532, N01-PC-67010, N01-CN-65064, N01-PC-67006]; NICHD NIH HHS [Y01-HD-7022, N01-HD-3-3176, N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168] NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 3 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg136 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 707RF UT WOS:000184523100010 PM 12882949 ER PT J AU Needleman, C Connally, LB AF Needleman, C Connally, LB TI Long-term impact of worker notification: Qualitative assessment of a community-based notification and screening program in Augusta, Georgia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE risk communication; worker notification; occupational disease; right to know; beta-naphthylamine (BNA); bladder cancer; medical screening ID HIGH-RISK; BLADDER-CANCER; AROMATIC-AMINES; HEALTH; COHORT AB Background Evaluation of high-risk worker notification programs often focuses on their immediate effectiveness in communicating information to individual workers. This approach leaves unexamined some important social processes that can influence worker notification's impact and public health consequences over time. Methods To explore long-term effects, ethnographic methods were used for qualitative assessment of a community-based program carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in Augusta, Georgia, during the early 1980s. More than a decade after the original NIOSH intervention, lengthy taped interviews were conducted with 70 members of the notified cohort (chemical workers exposed to beta-naphthylamine (BNA)) and 32 members of their families. Results The notified workers expressed extremely positive feelings about having received the risk information. However, for non-obvious and unanticipated reasons, most had failed to implement the notification's primary health advice (annual screening for bladder cancer). Both the workers and their family members reported a number of ongoing concerns related to the program. Conclusions The study findings suggest four strategies, all relatively low in cost, that are likely to increase the long-term public health benefits of worker notifications that rely on individually mailed written materials: (1) in designing worker notifications, take into account the information (accurate or not) that the workers already have, and determine what kind of information they most want and need; (2) define the notification audience broadly to include not only the study cohort but also family members and/or other similarly exposed workers; (3) when notifications recommend secondary disease prevention measures over long time periods, follow up the notification health advice with periodic reminders; (4) inform a wide range of community organizations and service providers (non-medical as well as medical) about the notification, and encourage them to provide appropriate support to the notified workers and their families. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. Bryn Mawr Coll, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. RP Connally, LB (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, 5555 Ridge Ave,R-42, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-91-2976] NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 44 IS 2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1002/ajim.10249 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 705YC UT WOS:000184424000001 PM 12874843 ER PT J AU Stern, FB AF Stern, FB TI Mortality among chrome leather tannery workers: An update SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TESTICULAR CANCER; ALCOHOL; DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; EXPOSURES; SMOKING; SHOE; MEN AB Background Employees engaged in the tanning and finishing of leather are potentially exposed to numerous carcinogens. Methods A previous mortality study among 9,352 workers from two chrome tanneries has been updated with the addition of 11 years of vital status and work history follow-up and 1, 153 new deaths. Ninety-two different causes of death were analyzed using a modified life-table approach. Death rates from both the United States and the states in which the tanneries were located were used as the comparison populations in calculating cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Results The mortality risks from all causes and from all cancers were lower than the expected for the combined cohort. Analyzing the two tanneries separately, no a priori cause of death (i.e., cancer of the lung, pancreas, bladder, kidney, testes, nasal cavity, lymphoma, or soft-tissue sarcoma) was shown to be significantly elevated. An exception was lung cancer at one tannery when state death rates were used (SMR = 130, P < 0.01). Analyzing by duration of employment, no significant trend in any cause of death at either tannery was revealed. Conclusions Some studies have shown elevated risks for various site-specific causes of cancer; however sites in excess are not consistent between studies. The differences may have been due to distinct processes used by the tanneries resulting in varying levels, as well as different types, of exposures. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM fbs1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-3586 EI 1097-0274 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 44 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1002/ajim.10242 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 705YC UT WOS:000184424000011 PM 12874853 ER PT J AU Powe, NR Tarver-Carr, ME Eberhardt, MS Brancati, FL AF Powe, NR Tarver-Carr, ME Eberhardt, MS Brancati, FL TI Receipt of renal replacement therapy in the United States: A population-based study of sociodemographic disparities from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chronic kidney disease (CKD); socioeconomic status; African Americans; poverty; access to care; health insurance; end-stage renal disease (ESRD); demographics ID CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR PROCEDURES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; US POPULATION; PRIMARY-CARE; ACCESS AB Background Persons with chronic kidney disease who need kidney replacement therapy to sustain life have health insurance. We examined whether young adults, women, blacks, less-educated persons, the poor, and persons residing in less populated areas receive treatment when health insurance is no longer a barrier. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study. Cases were persons treated with kidney replacement therapy determined by linkage to the end-stage renal disease treatment registry. Controls were untreated persons with kidney disease who died not appearing in the registry. Results During 12 to 16 years, 44 persons developed treated disease, and 145 persons, untreated disease. After adjustment for sex, age, education, population of residential area, and comorbid conditions in logistic regression analysis, younger versus older age and living in a highly populated versus less populated area were both independently associated with treatment (relative odds of treatment, 5.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.72 to 18.0; and 4.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.09 to 8.97, respectively). Race, sex, education, and poverty were not associated with less treatment. Conclusion: We found no disparity in life-saving chronic kidney disease treatment with regard to race or socioeconomic status in this population-based study. Less receipt of treatment by older adults may reflect greater comorbid disease or choices made by persons or their providers. Strategies to render treatment in less populated areas, including incentives to deliver care to such areas, should be encouraged. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Powe, NR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, 2024 E Monument,Ste 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53959, K24 DK02643]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F31GM20081]; PHS HHS [9930313] NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00649-8 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 708FV UT WOS:000184557300005 PM 12900805 ER PT J AU Erlinger, TP Tarver-Carr, ME Powe, NR Appel, LJ Coresh, J Eberhardt, MS Brancati, FL AF Erlinger, TP Tarver-Carr, ME Powe, NR Appel, LJ Coresh, J Eberhardt, MS Brancati, FL TI Leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and the risk for chronic kidney disease in US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE white blood cell (WBC) count; kidney; chronic kidney disease (CKD); inflammation; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RENAL-DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; ALBUMIN; MICROALBUMINURIA; COMMUNITIES; FIBRINOGEN AB Background. Atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share several common antecedents. However, the association between inflammatory markers and incident CKD is unknown. Methods: We determined risk for incident CKD, defined by treatment for kidney failure or death related to kidney disease, in 9,250 US adults aged 30 to 74 years who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 11), a nationally representative prospective cohort study with 17 years of follow-up. Results After adjusting for age, race, sex, blood pressure, smoking, and body mass index, there was a graded positive association with increasing total white blood cell (WBC) count and risk for CKD (P for trend <0.001; relative hazard (RH) highest versus lowest quartile, 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 4.19). This association remained statistically significant after adjusting further for the presence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline (RH, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.65). A similarly strong and graded association with incident CKD was observed for hypoalbuminemia after adjusting for age, race, sex, blood pressure, smoking, and body mass index (P for trend = 0.02; RH lowest versus highest quartile, 1.91; 95% CI, 0.89 to 4.07) and additionally adjusting for the presence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline (P for trend = 0.02; RH lowest versus highest, 2.05; 95% CI, 0.96 to 4.39). Conclusion: In a nationally representative sample of US adults, elevated WBC count and hypoalbuminemia were associated with future risk for CKD. These results support the hypothesis that systemic inflammation is an independent risk factor for CKD. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Erlinger, TP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, 2024 E Monument Ave,Ste 2-602, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [T32PE10025]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53959, K24 DK02643, K24DK6222]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F31GM20081]; PHS HHS [9930313] NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0272-6386(0-3)00650-4 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 708FV UT WOS:000184557300006 PM 12900806 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Jernigan, JA Shieh, WJ Tatti, K Flannagan, LM Stephens, DS Popovic, T Ashford, DA Perkins, BA Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Jernigan, JA Shieh, WJ Tatti, K Flannagan, LM Stephens, DS Popovic, T Ashford, DA Perkins, BA Zaki, SR CA Inhalational Anthrax Pathology Wor TI Pathology and pathogenesis of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUE; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; PULMONARY ANTHRAX; UNITED-STATES/; ASSAY; SVERDLOVSK; ANTIBODY; DEATH AB During October and November 2001, public health authorities investigated 11 patients with inhalational anthrax related to a bioterrorism. attack in the United States. Formalin-fixed samples from 8 patients were available for pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) study using monoclonal antibodies against the Bacillus anthracis cell wall and capsule. Prominent serosanguinous pleural effusions and hemorrhagic mediastinitis were found in 5 patients who died. Pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest radiographs corresponded to intraalveolar edema and hyaline membranes. IHC assays demonstrated abundant intra and extracellular bacilli, bacillary fragments, and granular antigen-staining in mediastinal lymph nodes, surrounding soft tissues, and pleura. IHC staining in lung, liver, spleen, and intestine was present primarily inside blood vessels and sinusoids. Gram's staining of tissues was not consistently positive. In 3 surviving patients, IHC of pleural samples demonstrated abundant granular antigen-staining and rare bacilli while transbronchial biopsies showed granular antigen-staining in interstitial cells. in surviving patients, bacilli were not observed with gram's stains. Pathological and IHC studies of patients who died of bioterrorisin related inhalational anthrax confirmed the route of infection. IHC was indispensable for diagnosis of surviving anthrax cases. The presence of B. anthracis antigens in the pleurae could explain the prominent and persistent hemorrhagic pleural effusions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Intervent & Evaluat Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Prevent & Evaluat Branch,Div Healthcare & Qual Pr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Examiner Off, Palm Beach, FL USA. RP Zaki, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012; Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 29 TC 124 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 163 IS 2 BP 701 EP 709 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63697-8 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 704XF UT WOS:000184366400031 PM 12875989 ER PT J AU Berrios-Torres, SI Greenko, JA Phillips, M Miller, JR Treadwell, T Ikeda, RM AF Berrios-Torres, SI Greenko, JA Phillips, M Miller, JR Treadwell, T Ikeda, RM TI World Trade Center Rescue Worker Injury and Illness Surveillance, New York, 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CITY; DISASTER; SURVIVORS; PATTERNS AB Background: The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, New York, prompted an unprecedented rescue and recovery response. Operations were conducted around the clock, involved over 5000 workers per day, and extended into months following the attacks. The City of New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented prospective surveillance to characterize rescue worker-related injury and illness and to help guide public health interventions. Methods: From September 11 to October 11, 2001, personnel reviewed medical records at four Manhattan hospital emergency departments (EDs), and healthcare providers completed data collection forms at five temporary Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) facilities located at the site. Rescue workers included construction workers, police officers, firefighters, emergency medical service technicians, or Urban Search and Rescue workers. Data collected included demographic characteristics, injury type, illness, and disposition. Results: Of 5222 rescue worker visits, 89% were to DMAT facilities and 12% to EDs. Musculoskeletal conditions were the leading cause of visits (19%), followed by respiratory (16%) and eye (13%) disorders. Incidence rates were estimated based on total injuries and/or illnesses reported times 200,000 (100 equivalent full-time workers in I year at 40 hours per week X 50 weeks per year), then divided by the total number of hours worked. Eye disorders (59.7) accounted for the highest estimated injury and illness rate, followed by headache (46.8). One death, 52 hospital admissions, and 55 transports were reported. Findings underscored the need to coordinate distribution and enforcement of personal protective equipment use, purchase of diagnostic equipment to diagnose corneal abrasions, and distribution of health advisories. Conclusions: This system provided objective, timely information that helped guide public health interventions in the immediate aftermath of the attacks and during the prolonged rescue and recovery operations. Lessons learned can be used to guide future surveillance efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. City New York Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. RP Ikeda, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00110-7 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 703TC UT WOS:000184296200001 PM 12880873 ER PT J AU Simpson, ME Serdula, M Galuska, DA Gillespie, C Donehoo, R Macera, C Mack, K AF Simpson, ME Serdula, M Galuska, DA Gillespie, C Donehoo, R Macera, C Mack, K TI Walking trends among US adults - The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1987-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; EXERCISE AB Objective: To examine trends in walking among adults in 31 states. Methods: Trends by sociodemographic strata were analyzed from respondents who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Results: The prevalence of walking among men increased 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] =2.4-5.2), from 26.2% (95% CI=25.1-25.3) in 1987 to 30.1% (95% CI=29.4-30.8) ill 2000. In women, walking increased 6.6% (95% CI=5.4-7.8), from 40.4% (95% Cl=-39.4-41.1) to 46.9% (95% CI=46.2-47.6) during the same time period. However, the prevalence of walking three times a week for 30 minutes duration remained constant across all years. The largest increases occurred in minority subpopulations: 8.7% (95% CI=3.2-14.2) in Hispanic women, 8.5% (95% CI=4.4-12.6) non-Hispanic blackwomen, and 7.0% (95% CI=2.3-11.7) in non-Hispanic black men. Walking was the most frequently reported activity among adults who met the national recommendations for regular physical activity (defined as five or more times a week for greater than or equal to30 minutes per session). Conclusions: Given the acceptability of walking across all sociodemographic subgroups, efforts to increase the frequency of walking could markedly increase the percentage of U.S. adults who engage in regular physical activity, a national priority identified in the Healthy People 2010 objectives for the nation. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Simpson, ME (reprint author), Bur Performance Management Serv & Support, Illinois Dept Hlth Serv, 535 W Jefferson St, Springfield, IL 62702 USA. RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 14 TC 143 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00112-0 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 703TC UT WOS:000184296200003 PM 12880875 ER PT J AU Stehr-Green, P Tull, P Stellfeld, M Mortenson, PB Simpson, D AF Stehr-Green, P Tull, P Stellfeld, M Mortenson, PB Simpson, D TI Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines - Lack of consistent evidence for an association SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB Background: In 1999, concerns were raised that vaccines containing the preservative Thimerosal(TM) might increase the risk of autism and/or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: Between the mid-1980s through the late-1990s, we compared the prevalence/incidence of autism in California, Sweden, and Denmark with average exposures to Thimerosal-containing vaccines. Graphic ecologic analyses were used to examine population-based data from the United States (national immunization coverage surveys and counts of children diagnosed with autism-like disorders seeking special education services in California); Sweden (national inpatient data on autism cases, national vaccination coverage levels, and information on use of all vaccines and vaccine-specific amounts of Thimerosal); and Denmark (national registry of inpatient/ outpatient-diagnosed autism cases, national vaccination coverage levels, and information on use of all vaccines and vaccine-specific amounts of Thimerosal). Results: In all three countries, the incidence and prevalence of autism-like disorders began to rise in the 1985-1989 period, and the rate of increase accelerated in the early 1990s. However, in contrast to the situation in the United States, where the average Thimerosal dose from vaccines increased throughout the 1990s, Thimerosal exposures from vaccines in both Sweden and Denmark-already low throughout the 1970s and 1980s-began to decrease in the late 1980s and were eliminated in the early 1990s. Conclusions: The body of existing data, including the ecologic data presented herein, is not consistent with the hypothesis that increased exposure to Thimerosal-containing vaccines is responsible for the apparent increase in the rates of autism in young children being observed worldwide. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Board Hlth & Welf, Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Simpson, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00113-2 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 703TC UT WOS:000184296200004 PM 12880876 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, DU Pinkerton, SD Holtgrave, DR Branson, BM AF Ekwueme, DU Pinkerton, SD Holtgrave, DR Branson, BM TI Cost comparison of three HIV counseling and testing technologies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ON-SITE; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; ANTIBODY-ASSAY; PREVENTION; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; EMERGENCY; SETTINGS; RATES AB Background: In the United States, more than 2 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests are performed annually at publicly funded HIV counseling and testing (CT) clinics. Clients do not receive results from one third of these tests because of low return rates. New rapid-testing technologies may improve receipt of results, but no study has systematically analyzed the costs of these newer technologies compared with the standard protocol. Objective: To estimate and compare the economic costs associated with three HIV CT protocols: the standard protocol and the one-step and two-step rapid protocols. Methods: A cost analysis model was developed in 2002 to calculate the intervention costs for HIV CT services with the standard CT protocol and the one-step and two-step rapid-test protocols for a hypothetical client in a publicly funded HIV clinic. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ascertain the effects of uncertainty in the model parameters. Results: The one-step rapid protocol was generally the least expensive of the three protocols. The standard protocol cost less than the two-step protocol per HIV-positive client notified of his or her HIV status, but cost more per HIV-negative client. The sensitivity analysis indicated overlap in the cost estimates for HIV-negative clients, reflecting the generally similar costs of the three testing protocols. Taking into account HIV seroprevalence, the two-step rapid protocol would be less expensive than the standard protocol for most publicly funded testing programs in the United States. Conclusions: Rapid test protocols offer economic advantages as well as convenience, compared to the standard testing protocol. The cost estimates presented here should prove helpful to HIV program managers and other public health decision makers who need information on these counseling and testing technologies. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ekwueme, DU (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [K02 MH 01919, P30 MH 52776] NR 53 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00115-6 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 703TC UT WOS:000184296200006 PM 12880878 ER PT J AU Poland, GA Shefer, AM McCauley, M Webster, PS Whitley-Williams, PN Peter, G AF Poland, GA Shefer, AM McCauley, M Webster, PS Whitley-Williams, PN Peter, G CA Ad Hoc Working Grp Dev Stand Adult TI Standards for adult immunization practices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; ERA AB Since the Standards for Adult Immunization Practices were first published in 1990, healthcare researchers and providers have learned important lessons on how to better achieve and maintain high vaccination rates in adults. The success rate of childhood immunization far exceeds the success rate of adult immunization. Thus, information and practices that will produce higher success rates for adult vaccination are crucial, resulting in overall societal cost savings and substantial reductions in hospitalizations and deaths. The Standards, which were developed to encourage the best immunization practices, represent the collective efforts of more than 100 people from more than 60 organizations. The revised Standards are more comprehensive than the 1990 Standards and focus on the accessibility and availability of vaccines, proper assessment of patient vaccination status, opportunities for patient education, correct procedures for administering vaccines, implementation of strategies to improve vaccination rates, and partnerships with the community to reach target patient populations. The revised Standards are recommended for use by all healthcare professionals and all public and private sector organizations that provide immunizations for adults. All who are involved in adult immunization should strive to follow the Standards in order to create the same level of success achieved by childhood vaccination programs and to meet the Healthy People 2010 goals. C1 Mayo Clin, Mayo Vaccine Res Grp, Rochester, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Poland, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-77, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00120-X PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 703TC UT WOS:000184296200011 PM 12880883 ER PT J AU Edwards, VJ Holden, GW Felitti, VJ Anda, RF AF Edwards, VJ Holden, GW Felitti, VJ Anda, RF TI Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: Results from the adverse childhood experiences study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Family Violence Conference CY JUL 25-28, 1999 CL DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE ID SEXUAL ABUSE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; WOMEN; ADOLESCENTS; HISTORY; DISSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; INPATIENTS; BEHAVIORS; SEQUELAE AB Objective: This study examined the prevalence of a history of various combinations of childhood maltreatment types (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing of maternal battering) among adult members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) and explored the relationship with adult mental health of the combinations of types of childhood maltreatment and emotional abuse in the childhood family environment. Method: A total of 8,667 adult members of an HMO completed measures of childhood exposure to family dysfunction, which included items on physical and sexual abuse, witnessing of maternal battering, and emotional abuse in the childhood family environment. The adults' current mental health was assessed by using the mental health scale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Results: The prevalences of sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing of maternal violence were 21.6%, 20.6%, and 14.0%, respectively, when the maltreatment types were considered separately. Among respondents reporting any of the maltreatment types, 34.6% reported more than one type of maltreatment. Lower mean mental health scores were associated with higher numbers of abuse categories (mean=78.5, 75.5, 72.8, and 69.9 for respondents with no, one, two, and three abuse types, respectively). Both an emotionally abusive family environment and the interaction of an emotionally abusive family environment with the various maltreatment types had a significant effect on mental health scores. Conclusions: Childhood physical and sexual abuse, as well as witnessing of maternal battering, were common among the adult members of an HMO in this study. Among those reporting any maltreatment, more than one-third had experienced more than one type of maltreatment. A dose-response relation was found between the number of types of maltreatment reported and mental health scores. in addition, an emotionally abusive family environment accentuated the decrements in mental health scores. Future research examining the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult mental health should include assessments of a wide range of abusive experiences, as well as the family atmosphere in which they occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA USA. RP Edwards, VJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-67,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 556 Z9 570 U1 13 U2 69 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 160 IS 8 BP 1453 EP 1460 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1453 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 708AK UT WOS:000184543700015 PM 12900308 ER PT J AU Belson, M Kieszak, S Watson, W Blindauer, KM Phan, K Backer, L Rubin, C AF Belson, M Kieszak, S Watson, W Blindauer, KM Phan, K Backer, L Rubin, C TI Childhood pesticide exposures on the Texas-Mexico border: Clinical manifestations and poison center SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN-ASSOCIATION; SURVEILLANCE-SYSTEM; BARRIERS; CHILDREN; VISITS; HEALTH AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe differences in childhood pesticide exposures between counties on the Texas-Mexico border and nonborder counties. Method. The authors reviewed all pesticide exposures among children younger than 6 years reported to the South Texas Poison Center during 1997 through 2000. Results. Nonborder counties had twice the reported exposure rate of border counties. Parents of border children were significantly less likely to contact the poison center after an exposure and more likely to have their children evaluated in a health care facility. Conclusions. Increasing residents' awareness of the poison center and identifying potential barriers to its use among residents of Texas-Mexico border communities may prevent unnecessary visits to health care facilities. C1 Amer Assoc Poison Control Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Belson, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1310 EP 1315 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.8.1310 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 708CG UT WOS:000184549100035 PM 12893620 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Powell-Griner, E Town, M Kovar, MG AF Nelson, DE Powell-Griner, E Town, M Kovar, MG TI A comparison of national estimates from the National Health Interview Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OLDER ADULTS; TELEPHONE; POPULATION; VALIDATION; EPIDEMIC; OBESITY AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare national estimates from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods. The authors compared data from the 2 surveys on smoking, height, weight, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, immunization, lack of insurance coverage, cost as a barrier to medical care, and health status. Results. Overall national estimates were similar for 13 of the 14 measures examined. Small differences according to demographic characteristics were found for height and body mass index, with larger differences for health status. Conclusions. Although estimates differed within subgroups, the BRFSS provided national estimates comparable to those of the NHIS. BRFSS national data could provide rapidly available information to guide national policy and program decisions. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. Natl Opinion Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM den2@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 220 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1341 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.8.1335 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 708CG UT WOS:000184549100039 PM 12893624 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Savage, HM Hajjeh, RA McReady, J Bartholomew, DM Spiegel, RA Vorndam, V Clark, GG Gubler, DG AF Ashford, DA Savage, HM Hajjeh, RA McReady, J Bartholomew, DM Spiegel, RA Vorndam, V Clark, GG Gubler, DG TI Outbreak of dengue fever in Palau, Western Pacific: Risk factors for infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBODIES; MOSQUITOS; EPIDEMIC; VIRUSES AB Between January and June 1995, an outbreak of dengue fever occurred in Palau, an island nation of 32,000 inhabitants in the Western Pacific. To determine the magnitude of this outbreak and to determine modifiable risk factors to guide control strategies, we established active surveillance at the national hospital and private clinics, reviewed available clinical records, and conducted serologic and entomologic surveys. Between January 1 and July 1, 1995, 817 case-patients with acute febrile illness with body or joint aches and one of the following: headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, or hemorrhagic manifestations presented to health facilities in Palau. The epidemic peaked in the second week of April 1995. Of 338 case-patients tested, 254 (75%) had positive serologic results by an IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dengue 4 virus was isolated from 78 (51%) of 154 serum samples tested. Blood samples collected during a cross-sectional survey were tested for IgM antibody and yielded an attack ratio of 27% (95% confidence interval = 23-31%). Potential vectors included the introduced species Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, and the native species Ae. hensilli. Significant risk factors (P less than or equal to 0.05) for infection included age < 20 years, the presence of food or water pans for animals on the property, taro farming, the presence of Ae. aegypti on the property, and presence of Ae. scutellaris group mosquitoes (Ae. Hensilli, Ae. albopictus, and a native species). This was the first outbreak of dengue 4 virus in the Western Pacific, and the first documented epidemic of dengue in Palau since 1988. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Alameda, CA USA. Palau Minist Hlth, Koror, Palau. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 716XD UT WOS:000185054200003 PM 13677368 ER PT J AU Armada, M Love, S Barrett, E Monroe, J Peery, D Sobel, J AF Armada, M Love, S Barrett, E Monroe, J Peery, D Sobel, J TI Foodborne botulism in a six-month-old infant caused by home-canned baby food SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; TOXIN AB Previously reported cases of botulism in infants have been diagnosed as infant botulism; that is, botulism caused by intestinal colonization by Clostridium botulinum with intraluminal production and absorption of toxin. Foodborne botulism is caused by ingestion of preformed toxin. We describe an unusual case of foodborne botulism in a 6-month-old infant caused by the ingestion of improperly prepared home-canned baby food. This represents the youngest age of onset for foodborne botulism in the United States of which we are aware and illustrates the need to rule out foodborne botulism, which represents a public health emergency, regardless of the patient's age. The diagnosis could have been readily missed or delayed in this case because the weakness was rapidly progressive rather than insidious, as is typical of infant botulism. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Emergency Med, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Norfolk Hlth Dept, Norfolk, VA USA. Div Consolidated Lab Serv, Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Armada, M (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Emergency Med, Raleigh Bldg,Room 304,600 Gresham Dr, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 226 EP 229 DI 10.1067/mem.2003.259 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 705XW UT WOS:000184423400008 PM 12883510 ER PT J AU Hines, CJ Deddens, JA Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Shoemaker, DA Brown, KK MacKenzie, BA Hull, RD AF Hines, CJ Deddens, JA Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Shoemaker, DA Brown, KK MacKenzie, BA Hull, RD TI Biological monitoring for selected herbicide biomarkers in the urine of exposed custom applicators: Application of mixed-effect models SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; alachlor; metolachlor; 2,4-D; cyanazine; biological monitoring; mixed-effect models; variance components; immunoassays ID 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; ATRAZINE METABOLITES; PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; LC-MS/MS; ALACHLOR; DETERMINANTS; IDENTIFICATION; METOLACHLOR; ABSORPTION AB Metabolites and/or parent compounds of the herbicides atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, cyanazine and the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were measured in the urine of 15 custom applicators who each provided from five to seven 24 h urine samples during a 6 week period (n = 87). Each applicator provided a pre-season urine sample and a reference population (n = 46) provided first-morning urine samples. Urinary biomarkers were measured by either immunoassay or gas chromatography. During the spraying season, the geometric mean amount of alachlor mercapturate equivalents (eq.), atrazine eq., 2,4-D and metolachlor mercapturate eq. excreted in 24 h was 17, 19, 110 and 22 nmol, respectively. Mixed-effect models were used to determine predictors of the amount of atrazine eq. and 2,4-D excreted in 24 h. The specific days of herbicide spraying associated with increased biomarker excretion varied for the two analytes, and included one or more days prior to urine collection. This confirms the importance of collecting covariate information on day(s) most relevant to the biomarker of interest. The within-worker variance component, expressed as a geometric standard deviation ((W)GSD range: 2.5-2.9), was substantially larger than the between-worker component ((B)GSD range: 1.3-1.5) for the modeled biomarkers. Alachlor mercapturate eq. and metolachlor mercapturate eq. were detected in more than half of the applicator pre-season urine samples. All biomarkers were detected infrequently in the reference population. Evaluation of non-spray exposure determinants was limited by inclusion of prior day spraying, adjustment for time and the small sample size. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Hines, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 47 IS 6 BP 503 EP 517 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meg067 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 712LC UT WOS:000184798300008 PM 12890659 ER PT J AU Connor, TH van Balen, P Sessink, PJM AF Connor, TH van Balen, P Sessink, PJM TI Monitoring for hazardous drugs in the operating room SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CONTAMINATION C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Netherlands Canc Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Exposure Control, Al Wijchen, Netherlands. RP Connor, TH (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 10 IS 7 BP 821 EP 822 DI 10.1245/ASO.2003.03.988 PG 2 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 711LK UT WOS:000184741900016 PM 12900374 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Fayer, R Lal, AA Trout, JM Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH AF Sulaiman, IM Fayer, R Lal, AA Trout, JM Schaefer, FW Xiao, LH TI Molecular characterization of microsporidia indicates that wild mammals harbor host-adapted Enterocytozoon spp. as well as human-pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; WATER; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPES; MACAQUES; SAMPLES; STRAINS; SWINE; PIGS AB Over 13 months, 465 beavers, foxes, muskrats, otters, and raccoons were trapped in four counties in eastern Maryland and examined by molecular methods for microsporidia. A two-step nested PCR protocol was developed to amplify a 392-bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene of Enterocytozoon spp., with the use of primers complementary to the conserved regions of published nucleotide sequences. Fifty-nine PCR-positive samples were sequenced. Multiple alignments of these sequences identified 17 genotypes of Enterocytozoon spp. (WL1 to WL17); of these, 15 have not been reported before. Most of the genotypes were found in multiple species of wildlife and belonged to a major group consisting of all the previously described Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes from human and domestic animals. Some of the isolates from muskrats and raccoons formed two distinct groups. Results of this study indicate that fur-bearing mammals, especially those closely associated with surface water, can be a potential source of human-pathogenic E. bieneusi. However, there are also host-adapted Enterocytozoon genotypes in wildlife, which may represent species different from E. bieneusi and have no apparent public health significance. This is the first report of E. bieneusi in wildlife. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 20 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4495 EP 4501 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4495-4501.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500021 PM 12902234 ER PT J AU Orlandi, PA Carter, L Brinker, AM da Silva, AJ Chu, DM Lampel, KA Monday, SR AF Orlandi, PA Carter, L Brinker, AM da Silva, AJ Chu, DM Lampel, KA Monday, SR TI Targeting single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 18S rRNA gene to differentiate Cyclospora species from Eimeria species by multiplex PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED RASPBERRIES; TEMPLATE PREPARATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; INTESTINAL PATHOGEN; OUTBREAK; CAYETANENSIS; MUTATION; HUMANS; DNA AB Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite that causes protracted diarrheal illness in humans. C. cayetanensis is the only species of this genus thus far associated with human illness, although Cyclospora species from other primates have been named. The current method to detect the parasite uses a nested PCR assay to amplify a 294-bp region of the small subunit rRNA gene, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or DNA sequence analysis. Since the amplicons generated from C. cayetanensis and Eimetia species are the same size, the latter step is required to distinguish between these different species. The current PCR-RFLP protocol, however, cannot distinguish between C. cayetanensis and these new isolates. The differential identification of such pathogenic and nonpathogenic parasites is essential in assessing the risks to human health from microorganisms that may be potential contaminants in food and water sources. Therefore, to expand the utility of PCR to detect and identify these parasites in a multiplex assay, a series of genus- and species-specific forward primers were designed that are able to distinguish sites of limited sequence heterogeneity in the target gene. The most effective of these unique primers were those that identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 3' end of the primer. Under more stringent annealing and elongation conditions, these SNP primers were able to differentiate between C. cayetanensis, nonhuman primate species of Cyclospora, and Eimeria species. As a diagnostic tool, the SNP PCR protocol described here presents a more rapid and sensitive alternative to the currently available PCR-RFLP detection method. In addition, the specificity of these diagnostic primers removes the uncertainty that can be associated with analyses of foods or environmental sources suspected of harboring potential human parasitic pathogens. C1 US FDA, Div Virulence Assessment, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Div Microbiol Studies, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Orlandi, PA (reprint author), US FDA, CFSAN, OARSA, DVA,MOD Res Facil 1, Rm 3603,HFS-025,8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4806 EP 4813 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4806-4813.2003 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500061 PM 12902274 ER PT J AU Hebert, LE Scherr, PA Bienias, JL Bennett, DA Evans, DA AF Hebert, LE Scherr, PA Bienias, JL Bennett, DA Evans, DA TI Alzheimer disease in the US population - Prevalence estimates using the 2000 census SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY; DEMENTIA AB Context: Current and future estimates of Alzheimer disease (AD) are essential for public health planning. Objective: To provide prevalence estimates of AD for the US population from 2000 through 2050. Design: Alzheimer disease incidence estimates from a population-based, biracial, urban study, using a stratified random sampling design, were converted to prevalence estimates and applied to US Census Bureau estimates of US population growth. Setting: A geographically defined community of 3 adjacent neighborhoods in Chicago, 111, applied to the US population. Participants: Alzheimer disease incidence was measured in 3838 persons free of AD at baseline; 835 persons were evaluated for disease incidence. Main outcome Measure: Current and future estimates of prevalence of clinically diagnosed AD in the US population. Results: In 2000, there were 4.5 million persons with AD in the US population. By 2050, this number will increase by almost 3-fold, to 13.2 million. Owing to the rapid growth of the oldest age groups of the US population, the number who are 85 years and older will more than quadruple to 8.0 million. The number who are 75 to 84 years old will double to 4.8 million, while the number who are 65 to 74 years old will remain fairly constant at 0.3 to 0.5 million. Conclusion: The number of persons with AD in the US population will continue to increase unless new discoveries facilitate prevention of the disease. C1 Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, 1645 W Jackson Blvd,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG 10161, R01 AG 11101] NR 19 TC 1241 Z9 1290 U1 10 U2 74 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 60 IS 8 BP 1119 EP 1122 DI 10.1001/archneur.60.8.1119 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 710RE UT WOS:000184692600014 PM 12925369 ER PT J AU Levin, S Lowry, R Brown, DR Dietz, WH AF Levin, S Lowry, R Brown, DR Dietz, WH TI Physical activity and body mass index among US adolescents - Youth risk behavior survey, 1999 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT STATUS; CHILDREN; HEALTH AB Objective: To investigate associations of underweight and overweight with physical activity among high school students in the United States. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 15 349 US high school students participated in the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey; 13 295 were included in these analyses. Five measures of physical activity were examined as dichotomous variables: (1) vigorous-intensity physical activity (greater than or equal to3 vs <3 sessions lasting at least 20 minutes each per week); (2) moderate-intensity physical activity (greater than or equal to5 vs <5 sessions lasting at least 30 minutes each per week); (3) strength training (greater than or equal to3vs <3 sessions per week); (4) enrollment in physical education (yes or no); and (5) sports participation (yes or no). Using body mass indexes, students were categorized by percentiles as underweight (less than or equal to5th percentile), at risk for underweight (>5th to less than or equal to15th percentiles), normal weight (>15th to <85th percentiles), at risk for overweight (greater than or equal to85th to <95th percentiles), or overweight (greater than or equal to95th percentile). Potential associations between physical activity and body mass index were examined using logistic regression. Results: On several measures, adolescent boys who were underweight or overweight were less likely to be physically active than boys of normal weight (eg, odds ratio [OR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.45; and OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.93; for boys who were underweight and overweight, respectively, for strength training). Adolescent girls who were overweight or at risk for overweight were less likely (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50-0.78; and OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.85; respectively) to be involved with sports than girls of normal weight; and girls who were underweight were less likely (OR, 0,44; 95% CI, 0.22-0.91) to be enrolled in physical education. Conclusions: Weight status among high school students is correlated with selected physical activity behavior, especially among adolescent boys. Interventions to increase physical activity for high school students should target adolescents of all shapes and sizes, and may best be achieved by school policies requiring physical education or after-school sports. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Levin, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 157 IS 8 BP 816 EP 820 DI 10.1001/archpedi.157.8.816 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 708AH UT WOS:000184543500018 PM 12912789 ER PT J AU Cook, S Weitzman, M Auinger, P Nguyen, M Dietz, WH AF Cook, S Weitzman, M Auinger, P Nguyen, M Dietz, WH TI Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents - Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; SYNDROME SYNDROME-X; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; YOUNG-ADULTS AB Background: In adults the metabolic syndrome imposes a substantial risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and premature coronary heart disease. Even so, no national estimate is currently available of the prevalence of this syndrome in adolescents. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and distribution of a metabolic syndrome among adolescents in the United States. Design and Setting: Analyses of cross-sectional data obtained from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), which was administered to a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the United States. Participants: Male and female respondents aged 12 to 19 years (n = 2430), Main Outcome Measures: The prevalence and distribution of a metabolic syndrome among US adolescents, using the National Cholesterol Education Pro-gram (Adult Treatment Panel III) definition modified for age. Results: The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among adolescents aged 12 to 19 years was 4.2%; 6.1% of males and 2.1% of females were affected (P =.01). The syndrome was present in 28.7% of overweight adolescents (body mass index [BMI], greater than or equal to95th percentile) compared with 6.8% of at-risk adolescents (BMI, 85th to <95th percentile) and 0.1% of those with a BMI below the 85th percentile (P<.001). Based on population-weighted estimates, approximately 910000 US adolescents have the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Perhaps 4% of adolescents and nearly 30% of overweight adolescents in the United States meet these criteria for a metabolic syndrome, a constellation of metabolic derangements associated with obesity. These findings may have significant implications for both public health and clinical interventions directed at this high-risk group of mostly overweight young people. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Rochester, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cook, S (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 278881, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [T32PE12002] NR 64 TC 1088 Z9 1200 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 157 IS 8 BP 821 EP 827 DI 10.1001/archpedi.157.8.821 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 708AH UT WOS:000184543500019 PM 12912790 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Moore, CA Watkins, ML AF Honein, MA Moore, CA Watkins, ML TI Subfertility and prepregnancy overweight/obesity: Possible interaction between these risk factors in the etiology of congenital renal anomalies SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE urogenital abnormalities; infertility; obesity; body mass index; hydronephrosis; congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ID URINARY-TRACT ANOMALIES; SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; BODY-MASS INDEX; OBESE WOMEN; MATERNAL OBESITY; INFERTILE WOMEN; BIRTH-DEFECTS; MALFORMATIONS; HEIGHT; OVULATION AB BACKGROUND: Maternal subfertility and high body mass index (BMI) are both associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including some birth defects. One study reported an association between subfertility and renal anomalies (Li, 1999). METHODS: We defined subfertility as the mother's report that she sought fertility treatment from a doctor/clinic, and high BMI as a prepregnancy BMI greater than or equal to25. We included 169 infants with renal anomalies (renal agenesis [n = 41], obstructive defects [n = 117], and duplication defects [n = 11]) and 2763 infants without defects who were born in 1968-1980 in metropolitan Atlanta, after excluding mothers who reported diabetes. Conditional logistic regression (matching variables: race, birth hospital, and birth period) was used to obtain effect estimates (adjusted for maternal age and gestational age). RESULTS: Subfertility was more common among case-mothers (11.8%) than control-mothers (7.8%), high BMI was similar among case-mothers (11.2%) and control-mothers (10.9%.), and joint exposure (subfertility and high BMI) was reported by 3% case-mothers and 0.7% of control-mothers. Joint exposure to subfertility and high BMI was associated with renal anomalies (odds ratio [OR] 5.8; 95%, confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-16.3). All case-mothers who reported a joint exposure had infants with obstructive renal anomalies (OR = 8.5; 95% Cl = 2.9-24.7). There was no association observed for either exposure alone (subfertility and low BMI, or high BMI and no subfertility) for either all renal anomalies or obstructive defects. CONCLUSIONS: Women who are overweight/obese and experience subfertility may be more likely to have an infant with an obstructive renal anomaly. Further exploration of possible biologic mechanisms is needed. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 67 IS 8 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.1002/bdra.10077 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 735GD UT WOS:000186103300006 PM 14632306 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Whelan, E Deddens, J Stayner, L Ward, E AF Steenland, K Whelan, E Deddens, J Stayner, L Ward, E TI Ethylene oxide and breast cancer incidence in a cohort study of 7576 women (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; ethylene oxide ID EXPOSURE-RESPONSE ANALYSES; RISK ASSESSMENT; LUNG-CANCER; WORKERS; MORTALITY; STUDY/ AB Background: Ethylene oxide (ETO) is a sterilant gas considered to be a human carcinogen, due primarily to excess hematopoietic cancer in exposed cohorts. ETO causes mammary tumors in mice, and has been associated with breast cancer incidence in one small epidemiologic study. Methods: We have studied breast cancer incidence in a cohort of 7576 women employed for at least one year and exposed for an average 10.7 years while working in commercial sterilization facilities. Breast cancer incidence (n = 319) was ascertained via interview, death certificates, cancer registries, and medical records. Interviews were obtained for 68% of the cohort. Results: The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for incident breast cancer in the whole cohort using external referent rates (SEER) was 0.87 (0.77-0.97). The SIR for those in the top quintile of cumulative exposure, with a 15 year lag, was 1.27 (0.94-1.69), with a positive trend of increasing SIR with increasing exposure (p = 0.002). SIRs are underestimated because breast cancer incidence in the whole cohort was under-ascertained, due to incomplete response and lack of complete coverage by state cancer registries. In internal nested case-control analyses of those with interviews (complete cancer ascertainment), controlling for reproductive risk factors, a positive exposure-response was found with the log of cumulative exposure with a 15-year lag (p = 0.0005). The odds ratio by quintile of cumulative exposure were 1.00 (0 exposure due to 15 year lag), 1.06, 0.99, 1.24, 1.42, and 1.87. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ETO is associated with breast cancer, but a causal interpretation is weakened due to some inconsistencies in exposure-response trends and possible biases due to non-response and incomplete cancer ascertainment. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, NIOSH, Sch Publ Hlth, R13,1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD AUG PY 2003 VL 14 IS 6 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1023/A:1024891529592 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 703LF UT WOS:000184280300004 PM 12948284 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Heath, GW Mannino, DM Redd, SC AF Ford, ES Heath, GW Mannino, DM Redd, SC TI Leisure-time physical activity patterns among US adults with asthma SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; cross-sectional studies; exercise; health surveys ID RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; BODY-MASS INDEX; MEDICAL RECORDS; EXERCISE; CHILDREN; DISEASE; FITNESS; HEALTH; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE AB Background: Little is known about the physical activity patterns among US adults who have asthma. Methods: Using data for 165,123 respondents of the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined leisure-time physical activity. Results: After adjusting for age, about 30% of participants with current asthma (12,489 participants), 24% with former asthma (4,892 participants), and 27% who never had asthma (147,742 participants) were considered to be inactive (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, the estimated energy expenditure from leisure-time physical activity was 206 kilocalories (kcal) per week lower among respondents with current asthma than among respondents with former asthma (p < 0.001) and 91 kcal/week lower than respondents who had never had asthma (p < 0.001). About 27% of participants with current asthma, 28% of participants with former asthma, and 28% of participants who had never had asthma were participating in recommended levels of physical activity. Walking was the most frequently reported activity for all three groups (respondents with current asthma, 39%; respondents with former asthma, 39%; and respondents who had never had asthma, 38%. Participants with asthma were less likely to engage in running (p < 0.001), basketball (p = 0.001), golf (p < 0.001), and weightlifting (p = 0.001) but were more likely to use an exercise bicycle (p = 0.035) than were participants without asthma. Conclusions: Like most US adults, the majority of those with asthma were not meeting the current recommendations for physical activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 38 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 432 EP 437 DI 10.1378/chest.124.2.432 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 712MG UT WOS:000184801000007 PM 12907526 ER PT J AU Soriano, JB Davis, KJ Coleman, B Visick, G Mannino, D Pride, NB AF Soriano, JB Davis, KJ Coleman, B Visick, G Mannino, D Pride, NB TI The proportional Venn diagram of obstructive lung disease - Two approximations from the United States and the United Kingdom SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; COPD; epidemiology; obstructive lung disease; Venn diagram ID PRACTICE RESEARCH DATABASE; DIAGNOSED COPD; EUROPE; UK AB Study objectives: The nonproportional Venn diagram of obstructive lung disease (OLD) produced for the 1995 American Thoracic Society guidelines has not been quantified. We aim to quantify the proportion of the general population with OLD and the intersections of physician-diagnosed asthma, chronic bronchitis,and emphysema in the United States and the United Kingdom, and to examine the relationship to obstructive spirometry. Design and participants: We analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) III survey (1988 to 1994) and the UK General Practice Research Database for the year 1998. Results: The areas of intersection among the three OLD conditions produced seven mutually exclusive disease groups. The asthma-only group was the largest proportion of OLD patients, accounting for 50.3% and 79.4% of all OLD patients in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, and decreased with increasing age. Overall, 17% and 19% of OLD patients in the United States and in the United Kingdom, respectively, reported more than one OLD condition, and this percentage increased with age. According to the spirometry data from NHANES III, only 37.4% of emphysema-only patients had objective airflow obstruction. The prevalence of airflow obstruction was significantly higher among participants with combinations of emphysema and chronic bronchitis (57.7%), with emphysema and asthma (51.9%), and with all three OLD diseases concomitantly (52.0%). Conclusion: Concomitant diagnosis of asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema is common among OLD patients from the general population, particularly in adults aged greater than or equal to 50 years. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Res & Dev, Worldwide Epidemiol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England. RP Soriano, JB (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline, R&D, Worldwide Epidemiol, Greenford Rd, Greenford UB6 0HE, Middx, England. RI Research Datalink, Clinical Practice/H-2477-2013; OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828; Soriano, Joan B/0000-0001-9740-2994 NR 19 TC 184 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 474 EP 481 DI 10.1378/chest.124.2.474 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 712MG UT WOS:000184801000012 PM 12907531 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Myers, GL Rifai, N Ridker, PM Mannino, DM AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Myers, GL Rifai, N Ridker, PM Mannino, DM TI C-reactive protein concentration distribution among US children and young adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000 SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; PATHOBIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATIONS; SERUM; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; TRACKING; DISEASE; YOUTH; INFLAMMATION; PREVENTION AB Background: The distribution of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations among children and young adults in the US is not known at present. Methods: We used data from 3348 US children and young adults 3-19 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, to describe the distribution of CRP concentrations, based on results obtained with a high-sensitivity latex-enhanced turbidimetric assay. Results: The range of CRP concentrations was 0.1-90.8 mg/L (mean, 1.6 mg/L; geometric mean, 0.5 mg/L; median, 0.4 mg/L). CRP concentrations increased with age. Females 16-19 years of age had higher concentrations than males in this age range (P = 0.003). Mexican Americans had the highest CRP concentrations among the three major race or ethnic groups (P <0.001). Conclusions: For the first time, these data describe the CRP concentration distribution among US children and young adults, based on results obtained with a high-sensitivity assay. (C) 2003 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 23 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1353 EP 1357 DI 10.1373/49.8.1353 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 705CR UT WOS:000184378900017 PM 12881452 ER PT J AU White, AC Tsang, V Del Brutto, OH AF White, AC Tsang, V Del Brutto, OH TI Evaluation of current immunodiagnostic criteria for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; TAENIA-SOLIUM; CYSTICERCOSIS; ASSAY; ANTIGENS C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Hosp Clin Kennedy, Dept Neurol Sci, Guayaquil, Ecuador. RP White, AC (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, 1 Baylor Plaza 535EA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 462 EP 463 DI 10.1086/376649 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 705RE UT WOS:000184407900027 ER PT J AU Song, JX Wassell, JT AF Song, JX Wassell, JT TI Sample size for K 2 x 2 tables in equivalence studies using Cochran's statistic SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE equivalence study; sample size; Cochran's statistics; intracluster correlation coefficient; anti-infective; multicenter trial; ciprofloxacin ID SHORT-COURSE CIPROFLOXACIN; URINARY-TRACT INFECTION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; CLINICAL-TRIALS; NULL HYPOTHESIS; POWER; NONINFERIORITY; DIFFERENCE; ESTIMATOR; THERAPY AB This paper presents a new sample size formula for Cochran's test that uses additional information on stratum-specific success rates and requires fewer subjects for an equivalence study. Equivalence studies are common in clinical trials, where unlike superiority studies, the goal is to show whether a new drug therapy is as effective as a standard one. Stratification is typically used to adjust for differences among individual clinical trial centers with different success rates. The sample size is derived for a clinical trial design where two independent binomial proportions are compared within each stratum. Implementation of the sample size formula is described when the number of centers is large and the success rates of each individual center are not known exactly. The effect of variability of the success rates on the power of Cochran's test is shown through simulation. The variability of the success rates is measured by the intracluster correlation coefficient, which can be estimated by the ANOVA estimator of Donald and Donner. The simulation results show that the new sample size formula requires fewer subjects than sample size methods, which ignore stratification. The new method provides greater savings as the variability of success rates among centers increases. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Bayer Pharmaceut Corp, Global Biometry, West Haven, CT USA. RP Song, JX (reprint author), 303 Acorn Lane, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD AUG PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 378 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(03)00026-6 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 704TA UT WOS:000184355000003 PM 12865033 ER PT J AU Burstein, GR Workowski, KA AF Burstein, GR Workowski, KA TI Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines SO CURRENT OPINION IN PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; INFECTION; PREVENTION; WOMEN; AZITHROMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE; SYPHILIS; THERAPY; ADOLESCENTS AB Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major health problem for adolescents. Health care providers for adolescents play a critical role in preventing and treating STDs. In May 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2002. These evidence-based guidelines are based on a systematic literature review focusing on information that had become available since the 1998 Guidelines for Treatment of STDs. This article reviews the new STD treatment guidelines for gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas, vulvovaginal candidiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital warts, herpes simplex virus infection, syphilis, and scabies. Although these guidelines emphasize treatment, prevention strategies and diagnostic recommendations also are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Burstein, GR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-8703 J9 CURR OPIN PEDIATR JI CURR. OPIN. PEDIATR. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 712MX UT WOS:000184802400006 PM 12891051 ER PT J AU Karter, A Stevens, MR Herman, WH Ettner, S Marrero, DG Safford, MM Engelgau, MM Curb, JD Brown, AF AF Karter, A Stevens, MR Herman, WH Ettner, S Marrero, DG Safford, MM Engelgau, MM Curb, JD Brown, AF CA TRIAD Study Grp TI Out-of-pocket costs and diabetes preventive services - The translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD) study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-GLUCOSE; MEDICAL-CARE; MANAGED CARE; HEALTH-CARE; OUTCOMES; ADULTS; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; COPAYMENTS; RECALL AB OBJECTIVE - Despite the increased shifting of health care costs to consumers, little is known about the impact of financial barriers on health care utilization. This study investigated the effect of out-of-pocket expenditures on the utilization of recommended diabetes preventive services. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This was a survey-based observational study (2000-2001) in 10 managed care health plans and 68 provider groups across the U.S. serving similar to180,000 patients with diabetes. From 11,922 diabetic survey respondents, we studied the occurrence of self-reported annual dilated eye exams and diabetes health education and among insulin users, daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Conditional probabilities were estimated for outcomes at each level of self-reported out-of-pocket expenditure by using hierarchical logistic regression models with random intercepts. RESULTS - Conditional probabilities of utilization (95% CI) varied by expenditure for dilated eye exam [no cost 78% (75-82), copay 79% (75-82), and full price 70% (64-75); P < 0.0001] diabetes health education [no cost 29% (23-36), copay 29% (23-36), and full price 19% (14-25), P < 0.0001]; and daily SMBG [no cost 75% (68-81), copay 68% (60-75), and full price 59% (49-68); P < 0.0001]. Extensive adjustment for patient factors had no discernible effect on the estimates or their significance, and cost-utilization relationships were similar across income levels and other patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS - Benefit packages structured to derive greater fiscal contribution from the health plan membership result in suboptimal use of diabetes preventive services and may thus lead to poorer clinical outcomes, greater future costs, and lower health plan quality ratings. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Karter, A (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U-48-CCU916373] NR 25 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2294 EP 2299 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.8.2294 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 720AQ UT WOS:000185238700011 PM 12882851 ER PT J AU Dabelea, D Lawrence, JM Pihoker, C Rodriguez, B Standiford, D Mayer-Davis, E Bell, R Imperatore, G AF Dabelea, D Lawrence, JM Pihoker, C Rodriguez, B Standiford, D Mayer-Davis, E Bell, R Imperatore, G CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Steering Comm TI Challenges in classification of diabetes Type in children: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Congress of the International-Diabetes-Federation CY AUG 24-29, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Diabetes Fed C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Pasadena, CA USA. Seattle Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD AUG PY 2003 VL 46 SU 2 MA 65 BP A25 EP A25 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 720BX UT WOS:000185242100066 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL Caccio, S Gherlinzoni, F Aspock, H Slemenda, SB Piccaluga, PP Martinelli, G Edelhofer, R Hollenstein, U Poletti, G Pampiglione, S Loschenberger, K Tura, S Pieniazek, NJ AF Herwaldt, BL Caccio, S Gherlinzoni, F Aspock, H Slemenda, SB Piccaluga, PP Martinelli, G Edelhofer, R Hollenstein, U Poletti, G Pampiglione, S Loschenberger, K Tura, S Pieniazek, NJ TI Molecular characterization of a non-Babesia divergens organism causing zoonotic babesiosis in Europe SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RNA GENE; PIROPLASM; INFECTION; ODOCOILEI; QUININE; HUMANS AB In Europe, most reported human cases of babesiosis have been attributed, without strong molecular evidence, to infection with the bovine parasite Babesia divergens. We investigated the first known human cases of babesiosis in Italy and Austria, which occurred in two asplenic men. The complete 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene was amplified from specimens of their whole blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With phylogenetic analysis, we compared the DNA sequences of the PCR products with those for other Babesia spp. The DNA sequences were identical for the organism from the two patients. In phylogenetic analysis, the organism clusters with B. odocoilei, a parasite of white-tailed deer; these two organisms form a sister group with B. divergens. This evidence indicates the patients were not infected with B. divergens but with an organism with previously unreported molecular characteristics for the 18S rRNA gene. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Univ Vienna, Clin Inst Hyg, Vienna, Austria. Vet Univ Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Hosp Internal Med 1, Vienna, Austria. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Caccio, Simone/K-9278-2015 NR 31 TC 174 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 8 BP 942 EP 948 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 707FP UT WOS:000184500100007 PM 12967491 ER PT J AU Factor, SH Levine, OS Schwartz, B Harrison, LH Farley, MM McGeer, A Schuchat, A AF Factor, SH Levine, OS Schwartz, B Harrison, LH Farley, MM McGeer, A Schuchat, A TI Invasive group A streptococcal disease: Risk factors for adults SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; PRIMARY VARICELLA; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; CARRIAGE AB We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections, which can be fatal. Case-patients were identified when Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated from a normally sterile site and control subjects (two or more) were identified and matched to case-patients by using sequential-digit telephone dialing. All participants were non institutionalized surveillance area residents, >18 years of age. Conditional logistic regression identified the risk factors for invasive GAS infection: in adults 18 to 44 years of age, exposure to one or more children with sore throats (relative risk [RR]=4.93, p=0.02), HIV infection (RR=15.01, p=0.04), and history of injecting drug use (RR=14.71, p=0.003); in adults >45 years of age, number of persons in the home (RR=2.68, p=0.004), diabetes (RR=2.27, p=0.03), cardiac disease (RR=3.24, p=0.006), cancer (RR=3.54, p=0.006), and corticosteroid use (RR=5.18, p=0.03). Thus, host and environmental factors increased the risk for invasive GAS disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RP Factor, SH (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Dept Dis Intervent, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013 USA. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 19 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 8 BP 970 EP 977 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 707FP UT WOS:000184500100012 PM 12967496 ER PT J AU Vandenesch, F Naimi, T Enright, MC Lina, G Nimmo, GR Heffernan, H Liassine, N Bes, M Greenland, T Reverdy, ME Etienne, J AF Vandenesch, F Naimi, T Enright, MC Lina, G Nimmo, GR Heffernan, H Liassine, N Bes, M Greenland, T Reverdy, ME Etienne, J TI Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: Worldwide emergence SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; CLONES; IDENTIFICATION; GENTAMICIN; AUSTRALIA; MRSA AB Infections caused by community-acquired (CA)-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported worldwide. We assessed whether any common genetic markers existed among 117 CA-MRSA isolates from the United States, France, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, and Western Samoa by performing polymerase chain reaction for 24 virulence factors and the methicillin-resistance determinant. The genetic background of the strain was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The CA-MRSA strains shared a type IV SCCmec cassette and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin locus, whereas the distribution of the other toxin genes was quite specific to the strains from each continent. PFGE and MLST analysis indicated distinct genetic backgrounds associated with each geographic origin, although predominantly restricted to the agr3 background. Within each continent, the genetic background of CA-MRSA strains did not correspond to that of the hospital-acquired MRSA. C1 Natl Reference Ctr Staphylococci, IFR62, INSERM E0230, Fac Med Laennec, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Princess Alexandra Hosp, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia. Antibiot Reference Lab, Wellington 12, New Zealand. Lab Bioanal Riotton, Geneva, Switzerland. UMR754, Lyon, France. RP Etienne, J (reprint author), Natl Reference Ctr Staphylococci, IFR62, INSERM E0230, Fac Med Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. RI ETIENNE, Jerome/C-5471-2014; Lina, Gerard/L-9352-2014; Vandenesch, Francois/C-7209-2014 OI ETIENNE, Jerome/0000-0002-3348-3315; Vandenesch, Francois/0000-0001-9412-7106 NR 25 TC 1155 Z9 1207 U1 5 U2 49 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 8 BP 978 EP 984 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 707FP UT WOS:000184500100013 PM 12967497 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Buckingham, SC Bopp, CA Ribot, E Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Buckingham, SC Bopp, CA Ribot, E Schaffner, W TI From pig to pacifier: Chitterling-associated yersiniosis outbreak among black infants SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ENTEROCOLITICA; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN AB In this case-control study of Yersinia enterocolitica infections among black infants, chitterling preparation was significantly associated with illness (p<0.001). Of 13 samples of chitterlings tested, 2 were positive for Yersinia intermedia and 5 for Salmonella. Decontamination of chitterlings before sale with methods such as irradiation should be strongly considered. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Lebonheur Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 14 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1009 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 707FP UT WOS:000184500100019 PM 12967503 ER PT J AU de la Paz, MP Philen, RM Gerr, F Letz, R Arroyo, MJF Vela, L Izquierdo, M Arribas, CM Borda, IA Ramos, A Mora, C Matesanz, G Roldan, MT Pareja, J AF de la Paz, MP Philen, RM Gerr, F Letz, R Arroyo, MJF Vela, L Izquierdo, M Arribas, CM Borda, IA Ramos, A Mora, C Matesanz, G Roldan, MT Pareja, J TI Neurologic outcomes of toxic oil syndrome patients 18 years after the epidemic SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE case-referent study; environmental food epidemic; exam; long-term effects; neurobehavioral tests; toxic oil syndrome ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; RAPESEED OIL; RELIABILITY; HEALTH; NEUROTOXICITY; EXPOSURE; COHORT; SYSTEM; ADULTS; SPAIN AB Toxic oil syndrome (TOS) resulted from consumption of rapeseed oil denatured with 2% aniline and affected more than 20,000 persons. Eighteen years after the epidemic, many patients continue to report neurologic symptoms that are difficult to evaluate using conventional techniques. We conducted an epidemiologic study to determine whether an exposure to toxic oil 18 years ago was associated with current adverse neurobehavioral effects. We studied a case group of 80 adults exposed to toxic oil 18 years ago and a referent group of 79 adult age- and sex-frequency-matched unexposed subjects. We interviewed subjects for demographics, health status, exposures to neurotoxicants, and responses to the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), Programa Integrado de Exploracion Neuropsicologica (PIEN), and Goldberg depression questionnaires and administered quantitative neurobehavioral and neurophysiologic tests by computer or trained nurses. The groups did not differ with respect to educational background or other critical variables. We examined associations between case and referent groups and the neurobehavioral and neurophysiologic outcomes of interest. Decreased distal strength of the dominant and nondominant hands and increased vibrotactile thresholds of the fingers and toes were significantly associated with exposure to toxic oil. Finger tapping, simple reaction time latency, sequence B latency, symbol digit latency, and auditory digit span were also significantly associated with exposure. Case subjects also had statistically significantly more neuropsychologic symptoms compared with referents. Using quantitative neurologic tests, we found significant adverse central and peripheral neurologic effects in a group of TOS patients 18 years after exposure to toxic oil when compared with a nonexposed referent group. These effects were not documented by standard clinical examination and were found more frequently in women. C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Sindrome Aceite Tox & Enfermedades Rar, Madrid 28029, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Hosp Fdn Alcorcon, Neurol Serv, Madrid, Spain. RP de la Paz, MP (reprint author), Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Sindrome Aceite Tox & Enfermedades Rar, Sinesio Delgado 6, Madrid 28029, Spain. OI Posada, Manuel/0000-0002-8372-4180 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1326 EP 1334 DI 10.1289/ehp.6098 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 711MX UT WOS:000184746600035 PM 12896854 ER PT J AU Kohler, KA Deshpande, JM Gary, HE Banerjee, K Zuber, PLF Hlady, WG AF Kohler, KA Deshpande, JM Gary, HE Banerjee, K Zuber, PLF Hlady, WG TI Contribution of second stool specimen to increased sensitivity of poliovirus detection in India, 1998-2000 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; WILD POLIOVIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; ERADICATION AB Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance data from India were analysed to examine sensitivity of poliovirus isolation from stool specimens and the added sensitivity obtained from collection of a second stool specimen. Analysis was restricted to Indian AFP cases, 1998-2000, with two adequate stool specimens. The proportion of cases confirmed with wild poliovirus isolation by the second specimen only was calculated, regardless of specimen quality. Overall specimen sensitivity (1998-2000) was 81% using the first specimen, 78% using the second, and 96% using both. Sensitivity increased from 1998 to 2000, with slightly higher sensitivity each year for the first specimen. The second specimen increased sensitivity by 15% overall and contributed more when the first specimen was collected late or was in poor condition. As wild poliovirus disappears, increased sensitivity provided by a second stool specimen may reduce the risk of missing circulating virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Council Med Res, Enterovirus Res Ctr, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India. World Hlth Org, Natl Polio Surviellance Project, New Delhi, India. World Hlth Org, SE Asia Reg Off, New Delhi, India. RP Kohler, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Deshpande, Jagadish/0000-0001-5194-0375 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 131 IS 1 BP 711 EP 718 DI 10.1017/S0950268803008562 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 716AF UT WOS:000185006100017 PM 12948371 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Murthy, SN Vaidya, VS Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM AF Anand, SS Murthy, SN Vaidya, VS Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM TI Tissue repair plays pivotal role in final outcome of liver injury following chloroform and allyl alcohol binary mixture SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIM alcohol; binary mixture; centrilobular necrosis; chloroform; dose-response; liver injury; periportal necrosis; tissue repair ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE HEPATOTOXICITY; ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED LETHALITY; THIOACETAMIDE HEPATOTOXICITY; HEPATOCELLULAR REGENERATION; CHCL3 HEPATOTOXICITY; PARTIAL-HEPATECTOMY; HEPATIC TOXICITY; DOSE-RESPONSE; TIME COURSE; RAT-LIVER AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction profile of chloroform (CHCl3)+allyl alcohol (AA) binary mixture (BM)-induced acute hepatotoxic response. Plasma alanine amino transferase (ALT) was measured to assess liver injury, and H-3-thymidine (H-3-T) incorporation into hepatonuclear DNA was measured as an index of liver regeneration over a time course of 0-72 h. Male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats received single ip injection of 5-fold dose range of CHCl3 (74, 185 and 370 mg/kg) in corn oil (maximum 0.5 ml/kg) and 7-fold dose range of AA (5, 20 and 35 mg/kg) in distilled water simultaneously. The doses for BM were selected from individual toxicity studies of CHCl3 alone [Int. J. Toxicol. 22 (2003) 25], and AA alone [Reg. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 19 (1999) 165]. Since the highest dose of each treatment (CHCl3- 740 and AA- 50 mg/kg) yielded mortality due to the suppressed tissue repair followed by liver failure, this dose was omitted for BM. The levels of CHCl3 (30-360 min) and AA (5-60 min) were quantified in blood and liver by gas chromatography (GC). The liver injury was more than additive after BM compared to CHCl3 alone or AA alone at highest dose combination (370 + 35 mg/kg), which peaked at 24 h. The augmented liver injury observed with BM was consistent with the quantitation data. Though the liver injury was higher, the greater stimulation of tissue repair kept injury from progressing, and rescued the rats from hepatic failure and death. At lower dose combinations, the liver injury was no more than additive. Results of the present study suggest that liver tissue repair, in which liver tissue lost to injury is promptly replaced, plays a pivotal role in the final outcome of liver injury after exposure to BM of CHCl3 and AA. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisiana Monroe, Sch Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. ATSDR, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Monroe, Sch Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1123 EP 1132 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00066-8 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 702XX UT WOS:000184251000007 PM 12842180 ER PT J AU Cox, M Hoover, MD Grivaud, L Johnson, M Newton, GJ AF Cox, M Hoover, MD Grivaud, L Johnson, M Newton, GJ TI Standards for measuring airborne radioactivity SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID AEROSOLS C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. SERAC, DPEA, IRSN, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cox, M (reprint author), 2501 W Zia Rd 3102, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 85 IS 2 BP 236 EP 241 DI 10.1097/00004032-200308000-00016 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 702JY UT WOS:000184221800016 PM 12938973 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT Hansen, H AF De Rosa, CT Hansen, H TI The impact of 20 years of risk assessment on public health SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE risk; risk assessment; Love Canal; public health; hazard; Red Book; dose response; hazardous waste; Superfund AB In the 20 years since the National Research Council (NRC) published the report Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process (known as the "Red Book"), risk assessment has been critically reviewed by a number of authoritative groups. These reviews have focused on the impact of risk assessment in terms of its utility, shortcomings, misuse, and research needs. A public health risk assessment and its associated conclusions represent useful tools in terms of hypothesis generation regarding the potential health impacts of environmental contamination. Practitioners of risk assessment readily acknowledge that risk conclusions in terms of projected mortality and morbidity rates are seldom if ever to be equated with those rates in the general population. This dichotomy is due to the range of reasonable worst-case scenarios that are assumed. These assumptions, collectively, along with the treatment of uncertainty, account for margins of safety that preclude the realization of projected rates of mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, the Red Book's risk-assessment construct has proved to be a useful tool to organize, present, explain, and interpret the weight of evidence derived from a wide range of disciplines, especially toxicology and epidemiology. The challenge for those in public health is the interpretation and presentation of these findings to concerned and potentially vulnerable communities. In this regard we posit that risk analysis as defined in 1989 by the Council of Environmental Quality and the traditional model of disease prevention provide a useful framework in which to address these challenges. To illustrate our point, we use the example of Love Canal, New York, a community built atop a hazardous waste site, which emerged as a public health issue in 1980 at about the same time the risk assessment paradigm was being formally articulated by the NRC. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1219 EP 1228 DI 10.1080/10807030390247196 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746TG UT WOS:000186763300015 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Carpio, AM Kosoy, MY Gage, KL AF Gilmore, RD Carpio, AM Kosoy, MY Gage, KL TI Molecular characterization of the sucB gene encoding the immunogenic dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase protein of Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii and Bartonella quintana SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ROCHALIMAEA-QUINTANA; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HENSELAE INFECTION; HOST-SPECIFICITY; CROSS-REACTIONS; WESTERN-BLOT AB Members of the genus Bartonella have historically been connected with human disease, such as cat scratch disease, trench fever, and Carrion's disease, and recently have been recognized as emerging pathogens causing other clinical manifestations in humans. However, because little is known about the antigens that elicit antibody production in response to Bartonella infections, this project was undertaken to identify and molecularly characterize these immunogens. Immunologic screening of a Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genomic expression library with anti-Bartonella antibodies led to the identification of the sucB gene, which encodes the enzyme dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase. Antiserum from a mouse experimentally infected with live Bartonella was reactive against recombinant SucB, indicating the mounting of an anti-SucB response following infection. Antigenic cross-reactivity was observed with antiserum against other Bartonella spp. Antibodies against Coxiella burnetti, Francisella tularensis, and Rickettsia typhi also reacted with our recombinant Bartonella SucB. Potential SucB antigenic cross-reactivity presents a challenge to the development of serodiagnostic tests for other intracellular pathogens that cause diseases such as Q fever, rickettsioses, brucelloses, tularemia, and other bartonelloses. C1 Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS,CDCP,Mol Bacteriol Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,DVBID,CDC, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS,CDCP,Plague Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,DVBID,CDC, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS,CDCP,Mol Bacteriol Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,DVBID,CDC, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 71 IS 8 BP 4818 EP 4822 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.8.4818-4822.2003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 705JV UT WOS:000184392700071 PM 12874367 ER PT J AU Heffelfinger, JD Kool, JL Fridkin, S Fraser, VJ Hageman, J Carpenter, J Whitney, CG AF Heffelfinger, JD Kool, JL Fridkin, S Fraser, VJ Hageman, J Carpenter, J Whitney, CG TI Risk of hospital-acquired Legionnaires' disease in cities using monochloramine versus other water disinfectants SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; LEGIONELLA; SURVEILLANCE; ACQUISITION; INFECTIONS; MORTALITY; BIOFILM; SYSTEMS AB OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between the disinfection of municipal drinking water with monochloramine and the occurrence of hospital-acquired legionnaires' disease (LD). SETTING: One hundred sixty-six U.S. hospitals. DESIGN: Survey of 459 members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) for hospital features; endemic- and outbreak-related, hospital-acquired LD; the source of the hospital water supply; and the methods of disinfection used by the hospitals and municipal water treatment plants. RESULTS: SHEA members representing 166 (36%) of 459 hospitals responded; 33 (20%) reported one or more episodes of hospital-acquired LD during the period from 1994 to 1998 and 23 (14%) reported an outbreak of hospital-acquired LD during the period from 1989 to 1998. Hospitals with an occurrence of hospital-acquired LD had a higher census (median, 319 vs 221; P = .03), more acute care beds (median, 500 vs 376; P = .04), and more intensive care unit beds (median, 42 vs 24; P = .009) than did other hospitals. They were also more likely to have a transplant service (74% vs 42%; P = .001) and to perform surveillance for hospital-acquired disease (92% vs 61%; P = .001). After adjustment for the presence of a transplant program and surveillance for legionnaires' disease, hospitals supplied with drinking water disinfected with monochloramine by municipal plants were less likely to have sporadic cases or outbreaks of hospital-acquired LD (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.07 to 0.56) than were other hospitals. CONCLUSION: Water disinfection with monochloramine by municipal water treatment plants significantly reduces the risk of hospital-acquired LD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 24 IS 8 BP 569 EP 574 DI 10.1086/502256 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 711YC UT WOS:000184767800009 PM 12940576 ER PT J AU Boyce, JM Pearson, ML AF Boyce, JM Pearson, ML TI Low frequency of fires from alcohol-based hand rub dispensers in healthcare facilities SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYGIENE AB We administered a web-based questionnaire to SHEA, APIC, and EIN members to assess the frequency of fires associated with alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) dispensers in healthcare settings. None of the 798 responding facilities using ABHRs reported a dispenser-related fire; 766 facilities had accrued an estimated 1,430 hospital-years of ABHR use. C1 Hosp St Raphael, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boyce, JM (reprint author), Hosp St Raphael, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Med, 1450 Chapel St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 24 IS 8 BP 618 EP 619 DI 10.1086/502262 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 711YC UT WOS:000184767800018 PM 12940585 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Schmid, T Kouletio, M Kanenda, O AF Ahluwalia, IB Schmid, T Kouletio, M Kanenda, O TI An evaluation of a community-based approach to safe motherhood in northwestern Tanzania SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE community empowerment; transportation; safe motherhood; village health workers ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; HEALTH; CARE AB Objectives: We present an evaluation of the Community Capacity Building and Empowerment initiative, undertaken by the Community-Based Reproductive Health Project (CBRHP), designed to address high maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: Qualitative data from group interviews and program data from CBRHP were used to assess progress in development and use of community level transport systems and support for the village health workers (VHWs). Results: Project activities increased community participation in maternal health. An increase was seen in knowledge of danger signs, birth planning, timely referrals, and transport of pregnant women to hospitals, as well as in support and retention of VHWs. More women with obstetrical problems are using the community-based transport system to get to hospitals. Conclusions: Community participation and support for VHW activities and the transport systems have led to better care for pregnant women and sustained links between the communities and health facilities, which may reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. (C) 2003 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Community Based Reprod Hlth Project, Cooperat Assistance & Relief Everywhere, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0020-7292(03)00081-X PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 709DA UT WOS:000184608400018 PM 12873791 ER PT J AU Allred, M Campolucci, S Falk, H Ganguly, NK Saiyed, HN Shah, B AF Allred, M Campolucci, S Falk, H Ganguly, NK Saiyed, HN Shah, B TI Bilateral environmental and occupational health program with India SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE environmental and occupational health; collaboration; India; asbestos; arsenic; air quality; groundwater; water ID VERMICULITE MINERS; SKIN CANCER; TREMOLITE; MORTALITY AB In spite of considerable economic progress in recent years, India continues to face challenges dealing with poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, disease and disability. The governments of India and the United States have formed a collaborative effort to address outstanding issues in the fields of environmental and occupational health. The joint Statement on Indo-U.S. Collaboration in Environmental and Occupational Health, which was approved by the Minister of the Indian Union of Health and Family Welfare and the Secretary of Health and Human Services of the United State in Geneva in May of 2002, formalizes the collaborative relationship and calls for the development of Implementation Guidelines. The Implementation Guidelines establish a joint Working Group, which is responsible for identifying and implementing the collaborative projects. The collaborating organizations have identified three broad areas for collaboration: emergency preparedness and response; training, education, and technology transfer; and research. Within the three broad areas, the organizations have identified two subject areas for initiation: arsenicosis and asbestosis. Researchers and health officials in both India and the U.S. share interest in both research and interventions efforts in these subject areas. As many as 42 million people in the West Bengal area of India may be exposed to arsenic in drinking water at concentrations of health concern. Similarly, as many as 10 million industrial or mine workers in India may be exposed to asbestos or other dusts at concentrations of health concern. The first joint Working Group meeting is scheduled for March 2003 in New Delhi and will consider these subject areas in developing collaborative projects. Other tasks being undertaken by the signatory agencies include expanding the relationship to include academic and nongovernmental organizations and obtaining funds for the various projects from governmental and nongovernmental sources. C1 ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India. RP Allred, M (reprint author), ATSDR, Mail Stop E-29,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 206 IS 4-5 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00228 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 716JD UT WOS:000185024300008 PM 12971687 ER PT J AU Rubin, CH Jones, RL Revich, B Avaliani, SL Gurvich, E AF Rubin, CH Jones, RL Revich, B Avaliani, SL Gurvich, E TI Environmental health collaboration: United States and Russia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Russia; lead poisoning; environment; pesticides; Gore Chernomyrdin Commission; environmental health; environmental cancer; risk assessment ID EXPOSURE; LEAD AB Developed nations share similar challenges to human health from commercial and agricultural chemicals that are released into the environment. Although Russia and the United States are historically distinct and unique, both countries are geographically large and economically dependent on emission-producing surface transportation. This paper describes U.S.-Russian collaborative activities that grew from a 1995 conference in Moscow that brought together environmental health investigators from both countries to discuss common concerns about the human health impact of environmental pollutants. Lead, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and mercury were identified as contaminants of greatest concern. Collaborative studies were initiated that included collecting blood and hair samples and splitting samples for analyses in both countries, and introducing and sharing new portable blood and environmental sample analyses instruments. The findings demonstrated that hair analysis was not a good predictor of BLL and that Russian children in the first city sampled had a mean BLL of 7.7 mug/dl. Although higher than the U.S. mean, this level was below the 10.0 mug/dl CDC level of concern. This manuscript summarizes additional study results and describes their impacts on Russian policy. On-going collaborative environmental investigations are described. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Nutr Biochem Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Forecasting, Ctr Demog & Human Ecol, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Adv Med Studies, Moscow, Russia. US Agcy Int Dev, Moscow, Russia. RP Rubin, CH (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 206 IS 4-5 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00229 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 716JD UT WOS:000185024300009 PM 12971688 ER PT J AU Meyer, PA McGeehin, MA Falk, H AF Meyer, PA McGeehin, MA Falk, H TI A global approach to childhood lead poisoning prevention SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lead poisoning; environmental health; policy ID PORT-PIRIE COHORT; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; INTELLIGENCE; BEHAVIOR; AGE AB Childhood lead poisoning is an important, preventable environmental disease affecting millions of children around the world. The effects of lead are well known and range from delayed and adversely affected neurodevelopment to severe health outcomes including seizures, coma, and death. This article reviews the childhood effects of lead poisoning, the approach being taken to the problem in the United States, and the obstacles faced by developing nations in dealing with lead exposure. The United States has attacked the childhood lead poisoning problem by attempting to eliminate sources of exposure, including gasoline, solder in water pipes and cans, and industrial emissions. These actions have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of children with elevated blood lead levels in the United States over the last two decades. However, many developing countries are just beginning to address the problem. Successful efforts will need to incorporate epidemiologic methods, source identification, enforced regulations, and a long-term government commitment to eliminating lead as a threat to the next generation of children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Substance & Dis Registry, Off Assistant Adm, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meyer, PA (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, EEHS, LPPB, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS F-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1438-4639 J9 INT J HYG ENVIR HEAL JI Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 206 IS 4-5 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.1078/1438-4639-00232 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 716JD UT WOS:000185024300012 PM 12971691 ER PT J AU MacGowan, RJ Margolis, A Gaiter, J Morrow, K Zack, B Askew, J McAuliffe, T Sosman, JM Eldridge, GD AF MacGowan, RJ Margolis, A Gaiter, J Morrow, K Zack, B Askew, J McAuliffe, T Sosman, JM Eldridge, GD CA Project START Study Grp TI Predictors of risky sex of young men after release from prison SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; risk behaviour; sexual behaviour; prisoner ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SUBSTANCE USE; ALCOHOLISM-TREATMENT; HIV-INFECTION; CONDOM USE; BEHAVIOR; PARTNERS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; INMATES AB A longitudinal study of demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with risky sexual behaviours of young men after release from prison. One hundred and six men were interviewed in prison and at one week and six months after release. Overall, 37% reported a previous sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis. In the 30 days before incarceration, 33% had had sex with a risky partner, and 59% had had multiple female sex partners. After release, 38 (36%) men reported having had risky sex (greater than or equal to 2 female sex partners and unprotected vaginal sex): 12 (13%) atone week and 31 (34%) at six months. The only factor independently associated with risky sex was the use of alcohol/drugs before sex: one-week odds ratio (OR) = 6.11 (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.42-26.40), six-month OR=3.05 (95% CI: 1.30-9.42). Behavioural intervention programmes for incarcerated men should address drug and alcohol use and its contribution to higher risk for HIV and STDs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Miriam Hosp, Ctr Behav & Prevent Med, Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Centerforce, San Quentin, CA USA. Jackson State Univ, Mississippi State, MS USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Madison, WI USA. Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. RP MacGowan, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSE-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD AUG PY 2003 VL 14 IS 8 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1258/095646203767869110 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 706VH UT WOS:000184475400007 PM 12935380 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Hone, NM Moffat, HJ Lee, EJ Moeti, TL Mokobela, K Mbulawa, M Binkin, NJ Wells, CD Kenyon, TA AF Talbot, EA Hone, NM Moffat, HJ Lee, EJ Moeti, TL Mokobela, K Mbulawa, M Binkin, NJ Wells, CD Kenyon, TA TI The validity of HIV testing using sputum from suspected tuberculosis patients, Botswana, 2001 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; human immunodeficiency virus; surveillance; Botswana ID DRUG-USERS; RISK; INFECTION AB SETTING: The World Health Organization recommends that sentinel HIV surveillance be conducted on tuberculosis patients. However, serum HIV testing is complicated in the TB clinic context, and may not be acceptable to patients. DESIGN: To determine the utility of the OraQuick(R) HIV-1/2 Assay for the detection of HIV antibodies in sputum, we consecutively enrolled adult in-patients in Botswana who had sputum sent for acid-fast bacilli testing and serum sent for HIV ELISA testing. OraQuick(R) HIV-1/2 Assay was applied to gingival secretions according to manufacturer's guidelines, and was also dipped into sputum specimens. A subset of 60 sputum specimens was also serially tested up to 72 hours after collection. RESULTS: Of 377 patients, 84% were HIV-positive by serum ELISA. Compared with serum ELISA, the OraQuick(R) HIV-1/2 Assay detected HIV in gingival secretions with 98.4% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity (95%CI 97-99 and 92-100, respectively), and 97.1% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity on initial sputum specimens (95%CI 95-99 and 92-100, respectively). OraQuick(R) HIV-1/2 Assay performance on sputum declined slightly when tested up to 72 hours after collection. CONCLUSIONS: When applied to sputum specimens, the OraQuick(R) HIV-1/2 Assay demonstrates sensitivity and specificity comparable to its intended application on gingival secretions. This novel testing method will be valuable in anonymous sentinel HIV surveillance surveys among tuberculosis patients. C1 NCHSTP, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, BOTUSA Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Hlth Lab, Gaborone, Botswana. NCHSTP, CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wells, CD (reprint author), NCHSTP, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, BOTUSA Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 7 IS 8 BP 710 EP 713 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 710JM UT WOS:000184677100002 PM 12921145 ER PT J AU Lockman, S Hone, N Kenyon, TA Mwasekaga, M Villauthapillai, M Creek, I Zell, E Kirby, A Thacker, WL Talkington, D Moura, IN Binkin, NJ Clay, L Tappero, JW AF Lockman, S Hone, N Kenyon, TA Mwasekaga, M Villauthapillai, M Creek, I Zell, E Kirby, A Thacker, WL Talkington, D Moura, IN Binkin, NJ Clay, L Tappero, JW TI Etiology of pulmonary infections in predominantly HIV-infected adults with suspected tuberculosis, Botswana SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE respiratory disease diagnosis; smear-negative tuberculosis; HIV; Botswana; Africa; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; POSITIVE PATIENTS; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; MOLECULAR-DETECTION AB SETTING: In countries with high HIV rates, diagnosis of lower respiratory disease etiology is both challenging and clinically important. OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiology of lower respiratory tract disease among persons with suspected tuberculosis (TB) and abnormal chest X-rays in a setting with very high HIV seroprevalence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence data from a prospective cohort of predominantly hospitalized adults with suspected TB in Botswana, January-December 1997. RESULTS: Of 229 patients, 86% were HIV-positive and 71% had a pathogen identified. TB was confirmed in 52%, 17% had acute mycoplasma. pneumonia, 3% had Pneumocystis carinii, 27% grew a bacterial pathogen from sputum and 8% from blood. Ninety-four per cent of TB diagnoses were made through expectorated sputum and only 5% of TB cases were diagnosed by sputum induction alone. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis had positive and negative predictive values of 94% and 59%, respectively. Male sex, cough <2 weeks, and tuberculin skin test greater than or equal to5 mm were independently associated with culture-positive TB among persons with negative acid-fast bacilli smears. Co-infection with two or more pathogens occurred in 25%. CONCLUSIONS: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was quite common despite clinical suspicion of TB, and sputum induction and PCR did not significantly improve our ability to diagnose TB, although clinical presentation had some predictive value. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. BOTUSA TB Project, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Gaborone, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Nyangabgwe Hosp, Dept Med, Francistown, Botswana. Natl TB Reference Lab, Gaborone, Botswana. Natl Hlth Lab, Microbiol Sect, Gaborone, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DTBE, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, HIV, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Lockman, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 68 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 7 IS 8 BP 714 EP 723 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 710JM UT WOS:000184677100003 PM 12921146 ER PT J AU Cramer, EH Jones, P Keenan, NL Thompson, BL AF Cramer, EH Jones, P Keenan, NL Thompson, BL TI Is naturopathy as effective as conventional therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms? SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; HOT FLUSHES; SOY; RISK; SUPPLEMENTATION; METAANALYSIS; DISORDERS AB Background: Although the use of alternative medicine in the United States is increasing, no published studies have documented the effectiveness of naturopathy for treatment of menopausal symptoms compared to women receiving conventional therapy in the clinical setting. Objective: To compare naturopathic therapy with conventional medical therapy for treatment of selected menopausal symptoms. Design: A retrospective cohort study, using abstracted data from medical charts. Setting: One natural medicine and six conventional medical clinics at Community Health Centers of King County, Washington, from November 1, 1996, through July 31, 1998. Patients: Women aged 40 years of age or more with a diagnosis of menopausal symptoms documented by a naturopathic or conventional physician. Main outcome measures: Improvement in selected menopausal symptoms. Results: In univariate analyses, patients treated with naturopathy for menopausal symptoms reported higher monthly incomes ($1848.00 versus $853.60), were less likely to be smokers (11.4% versus 41.9%), exercised more frequently, and reported higher frequencies of decreased energy (41.8% versus 24.4%), insomnia (57.0% versus 33.1%), and hot flashes (69.6% versus 55.6%) at baseline than those who received conventional treatment. In multivariate analyses, patients treated with naturopathy were approximately seven times more likely than conventionally treated patients to report improvement for insomnia (odds ratio [OR], 6.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71, 26.63) and decreased energy (OR, 6.55; 95% CI, 0.96, 44.74). Naturopathy patients reported improvement for anxiety (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.63, 2.56), hot flashes (OR, 1.40; 95% CI 0.68, 2.88), menstrual changes (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.43, 2.24), and vaginal dryness (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.21, 3.96) about as frequently as patients who were treated conventionally. Conclusions: Naturopathy appears to be an effective alternative for relief of specific menopausal symptoms compared to conventional therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cramer, EH (reprint author), 5875 Alma St, Vancouver, BC V6N 1Y3, Canada. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1089/107555303322284820 PG 10 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 715FN UT WOS:000184960500013 PM 14499029 ER PT J AU Ohnishi, J Schneider, B Messer, WB Piesman, J de Silva, AM AF Ohnishi, J Schneider, B Messer, WB Piesman, J de Silva, AM TI Genetic variation at the vlsE locus of Borrelia burgdorferi within ticks and mice over the course of a single transmission cycle SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; VARIABLE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; RECOMBINATION; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; CONVERSION; VARIANTS AB The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, causes a persistent infection in the vertebrate host even though infected animals mount an active immune response against the spirochete. One strategy used by the spirochete to evade vertebrate host immunity is to vary the structure and expression of outer membrane antigens. The vlsE locus represents the best-studied example of antigenic variation in B. burgdorferi. During vertebrate host infection, recombination between the active vlsE locus and silent, partial vlsE copies leads to gene conversion events and the generation of novel alleles at the expression site. In the present study, we followed a population of B. burgdorferi organisms moving through vertebrate host and tick stages to complete one transmission cycle. The major goal of the study was to determine if the vlsE locus was subject to different selective pressure and/or recombination frequency at different stages of the spirochete's life cycle. We report here that the vlsE genetic diversity generated within the rodent host was maintained through the larval and nymphal tick stages. Therefore, naturally infected ticks are likely to transmit spirochete populations with multiple vlsE alleles into naive vertebrate hosts. Although vlsE genetic diversity in mice was maintained through tick stages, the dominant vlsE alleles were different between tick stages as well as between individual ticks. We propose that population-level bottlenecks experienced by spirochetes, especially during the larval-to-nymphal molt, are responsible for individual infected ticks harboring different dominant vlsE alleles. Although vlsE genetic diversity is maintained through tick stages, the VlsE protein is unlikely to be of functional importance in the vector, because the protein was expressed by very few (<1%) bacteria in the vector. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP de Silva, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Campus Box 7290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI Schneider, Bradley S/0000-0001-7642-0018 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [KO1 AR02061, R01 AR047948, R01 AR47948] NR 42 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 185 IS 15 BP 4432 EP 4441 DI 10.1128/JB.185.15.4432-4441.2003 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 702RT UT WOS:000184237800017 PM 12867452 ER PT J AU Van Voorhis, WC Barrett, LK Lukehart, SA Schmidt, B Schriefer, M Cameron, CE AF Van Voorhis, WC Barrett, LK Lukehart, SA Schmidt, B Schriefer, M Cameron, CE TI Serodiagnosis of syphilis: Antibodies to recombinant Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd proteins are sensitive and specific indicators of infection by Treponema pallidum SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIGEN ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; PROTECTIVE CAPACITY; POTENTIAL USE; LIPOPROTEINS; ACTIVATION; SEQUENCE; TMPA AB Syphilis serodiagnosis relies on a combination of nonspecific screening tests (antilipoidal antibodies) and Treponema pallidum-specific tests (anti-T. pallidum antibodies). We studied a group of six recombinant T. pallidum antigens for their sensitivities and specificities with sera from individuals with syphilis (n = 43), relapsing fever (n = 8), Lyme disease (n = 8), and leptospirosis (n = 9) and from uninfected individuals (n = 15). Three recombinant proteins, Tp0155, Tp0483, and Tp0751, demonstrated sensitivity values that ranged from 28 to 42%. In contrast, three other recombinant proteins exhibited the following sensitivity and specificity values: Tp0453, 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity; Tp92 (Tp0326), 98% sensitivity and 97% specificity; and Gpd (Tp0257), 91% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd also were recognized by sera from individuals with early primary syphilis that were nonreactive with the antilipoidal Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test. The reactivities of syphilis patient sera with Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd were proportional to the titers of these sera with the treponemal test MHA-TP (microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum). Thus, the recombinant T. pallidum antigens Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd show promise as diagnostic antigens in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assay. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ludwig Boltzmann Inst Dermatovenerol Serodiagnost, Vienna, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Van Voorhis, WC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Box 357185, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43456, AI34616, AI42143, AI51334, P01 AI034616, R01 AI042143, R01 AI043456, R01 AI051334] NR 32 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 3668 EP 3674 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3668-3674.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711MW UT WOS:000184746500034 PM 12904373 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, MS Kulesh, DA Saleh, SS Damon, IK Esposito, JJ Schmaljohn, AL Jahrling, PB AF Ibrahim, MS Kulesh, DA Saleh, SS Damon, IK Esposito, JJ Schmaljohn, AL Jahrling, PB TI Real-time PCR assay to detect smallpox virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NUCLEASE PCR; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; POLYMORPHISM; MICROCHIP; SEQUENCES AB We developed a highly sensitive and specific assay for the rapid detection of smallpox virus DNA on both the Smart Cycler and LightCycler platforms. The assay is based on TaqMan chemistry with the orthopoxvirus hemagglutinin gene used as the target sequence. With genomic DNA purified from variola virus Bangladesh 1975, the limit of detection was estimated to be approximately 25 copies on both machines. The assay was evaluated in a blinded study with 322 coded samples that included genomic DNA from 48 different isolates of variola virus; 25 different strains and isolates of camelpox, cowpox, ectromelia, gerbilpox, herpes, monkeypox, myxoma, rabbitpox, raccoonpox, skunkpox, vaccinia, and varicella-zoster viruses; and two rickettsial species at concentrations mostly ranging from 100 fg/mul to 1 ng/mul. Contained within those 322 samples were variola virus DNA, obtained from purified viral preparations, at concentrations of I fg/mul to I ng/mul. On the Smart Cycler platform, 2 samples with false-positive results were detected among the 116 samples not containing variola virus tested; i.e., the overall specificity of the assay was 98.3%. On the LightCycler platform, five samples with false-positive results Were detected (overall specificity, 95.7%). Of the 206 samples that contained variola virus DNA ranging in concentrations from 100 fg/mul to 1 ng/mul, 8 samples were considered negative on the Smart Cycler platform and 1 sample was considered negative on the LightCycler platform. Thus, the clinical sensitivities were 96.1% for the Smart Cycler instrument and 99.5% for the LightCycler instrument. The vast majority of these samples were derived from virus-infected cell cultures and variola virus-infected tissues; thus, the DNA material contained both viral DNA and cellular DNA. Of the 43 samples that contained purified variola virus DNA ranging in concentration from I fg/mul to I ng/mul, the assay correctly detected the virus in all 43 samples on both the Smart Cycler and the LightCycler platforms. The assay may be useful for the early detection of smallpox virus infections should such infections occur as a result of a deliberate or an accidental recurrence. C1 USAMRIID, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ibrahim, MS (reprint author), USAMRIID, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Sofi.Ibrahim@det.amedd.army.mil NR 23 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 3835 EP 3839 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3835-3839.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711MW UT WOS:000184746500058 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Massung, RF Levin, ML AF Loftis, AD Massung, RF Levin, ML TI Quantitative real-time PCR assay for detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; RICKETTSIALES; AGENT; ANAPLASMA AB A real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis. The assay is species specific and provides quantitative results in the range 10 to 10(10) gene copies. The assay is not inhibited by the presence of tick, human, or mouse DNA and is compatible with high sample throughput. The assay was compared with previously described assays for E. chaffeensis. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 3870 EP 3872 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3870-3872.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711MW UT WOS:000184746500067 PM 12904406 ER PT J AU Gunson, RN Shouval, D Roggendorf, M Zaaijer, H Nicholas, H Holzmann, H de Schryver, A Reynders, D Connell, J Gerlich, WH Marinho, RT Tsantoulas, D Rigopoulou, E Rosenheim, M Valla, D Puro, V Struwe, J Tedder, R Aitken, C Alter, M Schalm, SW Carman, WF AF Gunson, RN Shouval, D Roggendorf, M Zaaijer, H Nicholas, H Holzmann, H de Schryver, A Reynders, D Connell, J Gerlich, WH Marinho, RT Tsantoulas, D Rigopoulou, E Rosenheim, M Valla, D Puro, V Struwe, J Tedder, R Aitken, C Alter, M Schalm, SW Carman, WF CA European Consensus Grp TI Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers (HCWs): guidelines for prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV from HCW to patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE virus; hepatitis; HCW; guidelines; prevention; Europe ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECOMBINANT INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B; OCCUPATIONAL RISK; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; PREVALENCE; SURGEON; ANTIBODIES; MANAGEMENT; CARRIERS; THERAPY AB The transmission of viral hepatitis from health care workers (HCW) to patients is of worldwide concern. Since the introduction of serologic testing in the 1970s there have been over 45 reports of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from HCW to patients, which have resulted in more than 400 infected patients. In addition there are six published reports of transmissions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from HCW to patients resulting in the infection of 14 patients. Additional HCV cases are known of in the US and UK, but unpublished. At present the guidelines for preventing HCW to patient transmission of viral hepatitis vary greatly between countries. It was our aim to reach a Europe-wide consensus on this issue. In order to do this, experts in blood-borne infection, from 16 countries, were questioned on their national protocols. The replies given by participating countries formed the basis of a discussion document. This paper was then discussed at a meeting with each of the participating countries in order to reach a Europe-wide consensus on the identification of infected HCWs, protection of susceptible HCWs, management and treatment options for the infected HCW. The results of that process are discussed and recommendations formed. The guidelines produced aim to reduce the risk of transmission from infected HCWs to patients. The document is designed to complement existing guidelines or form the basis for the development of new guidelines. This guidance is applicable to all HCWs who perform EPP, whether newly appointed or already in post. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gartnavel Royal Hosp, W Scotland Specialist Virol Ctr, Glasgow G12 0ZA, Lanark, Scotland. Hadassah Hebrew Univ Hosp, Liver Unit, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Inst Virol, Essen, Germany. VUMC Univ Hosp, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Dept Hlth, London SE1 6TE, England. Univ Vienna, Inst Virol, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. IDEWE Occupat Hlth Serv, Louvain, Belgium. Minist Social Affairs Publ Hlth & Environm, Hlth Warning Unit, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Coll Dublin, Natl Virus Reference Lab, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Giessen, Inst Med Virol, Giessen, Germany. Hosp Santa Maria, Dept Med, Liver Unit, Lisbon, Portugal. Athens Med Ctr, Liver Unit, Athens, Greece. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Publ Hlth Serv, Paris, France. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Epidemiol, Rome, Italy. Karolinska Inst, Univ Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Stockholm, Sweden. UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Virol, London, England. Barts & London, Dept Virol, London, England. CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med Ctr, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Carman, WF (reprint author), Gartnavel Royal Hosp, W Scotland Specialist Virol Ctr, 1053 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0ZA, Lanark, Scotland. EM w.carman@vir.gla.ac.uk RI Marinho, Rui/K-8799-2012; De Schryver, Antoon/B-6128-2017 OI Marinho, Rui/0000-0003-1327-3537; De Schryver, Antoon/0000-0001-7048-1979 NR 62 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 213 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(03)00087-8 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA 713JL UT WOS:000184854100002 PM 12878084 ER PT J AU Clarke, J Schwartzapfel, B Pomposelli, J Allen, S Spaulding, A Rich, JD AF Clarke, J Schwartzapfel, B Pomposelli, J Allen, S Spaulding, A Rich, JD TI Hepatitis B vaccination of incarcerated women: A pilot program SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article C1 Brown Med Sch, Rhode Isl Hosp, Rhode Isl Dept Correct, Cranston, RI USA. Brown Med Sch, Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Correct Officer Hosp, Rhode Isl Dept Correct, Cranston, RI USA. Rhode Isl Dept Correct, Cranston, RI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Correct & Subst Abuse Unit, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Miriam Hosp, Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI USA. RP Clarke, J (reprint author), Brown Med Sch, Rhode Isl Hosp, Rhode Isl Dept Correct, Cranston, RI USA. RI Allen, Scott/D-2403-2015 OI Allen, Scott/0000-0001-8815-4714 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU119078-02] NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1177/1049208903255440 PG 6 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 706XL UT WOS:000184480300002 PM 12955912 ER PT J AU Kellar, KL Douglass, JP AF Kellar, KL Douglass, JP TI Multiplexed microsphere-based flow cytometric immunoassays for human cytokines SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE fluorescent microspheres; multiplexed immunoassays; microsphere-based flow cytometric assays; luminex ID QUANTITATION; ANTIBODIES; SERUM AB Cytokines play a pivotal role in the regulation of immunologic, hematologic and wound-healing processes. They function to stimulate as well as inhibit the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of a variety of cell types. Thus, their functions are pleiotropic as well as interdependent to the extent that any cytokine may have effects that are synergistic or antagonistic with other cytokines. Cytokines also display redundancy when one mimics the functions of others. These characteristics imply that measuring the levels of one cytokine in a biologic system provides only a fraction of the information that is relevant to the existing physiologic state. A more realistic indication of the complexity of cellular interactions would include measurements of multiple cytokines at any time point. One method of multiplexed analysis can be performed by capture of the cytokines on an array of fluorescent microspheres for quantitation by flow cytometry. This technology has been applied to a variety of biomolecules, but simultaneous quantitation of multiple cytokines in a small sample volume has become rapid, inexpensive, reliable and informative. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kellar, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS D-34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD AUG PY 2003 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(03)00248-5 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 722ND UT WOS:000185381300025 PM 12969567 ER PT J AU Briles, DE Hollingshead, SK Paton, JC Ades, EW Novak, L van Ginkel, FW Benjamin, WH AF Briles, DE Hollingshead, SK Paton, JC Ades, EW Novak, L van Ginkel, FW Benjamin, WH TI Immunizations with pneumococcal surface protein A and pneumolysin are protective against pneumonia in a murine model of pulmonary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTI-PHOSPHOCHOLINE ANTIBODIES; NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; NEGATIVE MUTANT; FATAL INFECTION; PHASE VARIATION; MICE; PSPA AB Intranasal infection of mice with certain strains of capsular group 19 Streptococcus pneumoniae can result in focal pneumonia in the absence of bacteremia. Using this model of murine pneumonia, we demonstrated that immunization with recombinant forms of either pneumococcal surface protein A ( PspA) or PdB ( a genetically detoxified derivative of pneumolysin) elicited significant protection against focal pulmonary infection. This may be the first demonstration that a proposed vaccine antigen can protect against pneumococcal pneumonia. The best protection was obtained by immunizing mice with a mixture of PspA and PdB, indicating that the protection elicited by these antigens can complement each other. This result is in agreement with previous studies that used pneumococcal sepsis and nasal colonization models and demonstrate that the best protein vaccines for prevention of infection may be those that include more than one protection-eliciting pneumococcal protein. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Mol & Biomed Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Briles, DE (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, 845 19th St S,BBRB 658, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Paton, James/A-9920-2008; Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P60 HL58418]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI21548]; NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 04976]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK54781] NR 43 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 3 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1086/376571 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 704BB UT WOS:000184316900001 PM 12870114 ER PT J AU Wilcken, B Bamforth, F Li, Z Zhu, H Ritvanen, A Redlund, M Stoll, C Alembik, Y Dott, B Czeizel, AE Gelman-Kohan, Z Scarano, G Bianca, S Ettore, G Tenconi, R Bellato, S Scala, I Mutchinick, OM Lopez, MA de Walle, H Hofstra, R Joutchenko, L Kavteladze, L Bermejo, E Martinez-Frias, ML Gallagher, M Erickson, JD Vollset, SE Mastroiacovo, P Andria, G Botto, LD AF Wilcken, B Bamforth, F Li, Z Zhu, H Ritvanen, A Redlund, M Stoll, C Alembik, Y Dott, B Czeizel, AE Gelman-Kohan, Z Scarano, G Bianca, S Ettore, G Tenconi, R Bellato, S Scala, I Mutchinick, OM Lopez, MA de Walle, H Hofstra, R Joutchenko, L Kavteladze, L Bermejo, E Martinez-Frias, ML Gallagher, M Erickson, JD Vollset, SE Mastroiacovo, P Andria, G Botto, LD TI Geographical and ethnic variation of the 677C > T allele of 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR): findings from over 7000 newborns from 16 areas world wide SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; THERMOLABILE METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; MATERNAL RISK-FACTORS; C677T MUTATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; BINOMIAL PROPORTION; FOLATE METABOLISM; HIGH-PREVALENCE; SPINA-BIFIDA; POLYMORPHISMS C1 Childrens Hosp Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Peking Univ, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Paediat, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Fdn Community Control Hereditary Dis, Budapest, Hungary. Kaplan Med Ctr, Rehovot, Israel. AO G Rummo, Div Med Genet, Benevento, Italy. Birth Defects Registry, Campania, Italy. Sicily Congenital Malformat Registry, Sicily, Italy. Univ Padua, Dept Paediat, Veneto, Italy. Arzignano Hosp, Paediat Unit, Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Genet, RYVEMCE, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. Moscow Birth Defects Registry, Moscow, Russia. ECEMC, Madrid, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Univ Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Int Ctr Birth Defects, Rome, Italy. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Scala, Iris/A-3300-2009; BERMEJO-SANCHEZ, EVA/E-8703-2012; OI BERMEJO-SANCHEZ, EVA/0000-0001-7282-2714; Hofstra, Robert/0000-0001-7498-3829 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU207141] NR 30 TC 246 Z9 260 U1 3 U2 31 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 40 IS 8 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1136/jmg.40.8.619 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 711VH UT WOS:000184761400012 PM 12920077 ER PT J AU Na, BK Shin, JM Lee, JY Shin, GC Kim, YY Lee, JS Lee, JK Cho, HW Lee, HJ Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Kim, WJ Kang, C AF Na, BK Shin, JM Lee, JY Shin, GC Kim, YY Lee, JS Lee, JK Cho, HW Lee, HJ Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Kim, WJ Kang, C TI Genetic and antigenic characterization of measles viruses that circulated in Korea during the 2000-2001 epidemic SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles virus; hemagglutinin; nucleoprotein; characterization ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; HEMAGGLUTININ GLYCOPROTEIN; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPE; STRAINS; CELL; VARIABILITY; ADAPTATION AB Despite the marked reduction in the incidence of measles in Korea by the introduction of measles vaccine, a large measles epidemic occurred during 2000-2001. During the epidemic, more than 55,000 measles cases were reported and at least 7 children were dead. In this study, we analyzed the genetic and antigenic properties of 15 measles viruses that isolated during the epidemic. Sequence analyses of entire hemagglutinin (H) and nucleoprotein (N) genes of the viruses indicated that all Korean isolates had a high degree of homology (>99.8%) when compared with each other. They differed from other wild-type viruses by as much as 6.8% in the H gene and 6.5% in the N gene at the nucleotide level. The deduced amino acid variability was up to 6.4% for the H protein and up to 6.5% for the N protein. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of the H and N genes revealed that all Korean viruses were grouped into the genotype H1. This strongly demonstrated that single genotype of measles virus has been circulated in Korea during the 20002001 epidemic. Plaque reduction neutralizing antibody titers against vaccine strains, Edmonston and Schwarz, and recently isolated Korean strains were measured using sera from vaccinees and recently infected children. Although sera of recently infected children demonstrated higher neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type strains than against vaccine strains, both sera neutralized both strains and the reciprocal geometric mean titers (GMTs) were not significantly different against both strains. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Virol, Lab Resp Viruses, Seoul 122701, South Korea. Natl Inst Hlth, Div Communicable Dis Control, Seoul 122701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Seoul, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Seoul, South Korea. RP Kang, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Virol, Lab Resp Viruses, Seoul 122701, South Korea. RI LEE, Jong-koo/E-4166-2012; Lee, JongGu/B-7384-2013; Lee, Hoan Jong/J-5616-2012; Kim, Woo Joo/D-2733-2015 OI Kim, Woo Joo/0000-0002-4546-3880 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 70 IS 4 BP 649 EP 654 DI 10.1002/jmv.10444 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 694BA UT WOS:000183751800022 PM 12794731 ER PT J AU Bell, JL MacDonald, LA AF Bell, JL MacDonald, LA TI Hand lacerations and job design characteristics in line-paced assembly SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WORK-RELATED INJURIES; OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS; POISSON REGRESSION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; POPULATION; EMERGENCY; MODELS; SCALE AB This study investigated risk factors for laceration injuries among workers employed in line-paced manufacturing assembly operations. Most lacerations (76% of 576) occurred on the hands and fingers (gTouped as "hand" lacerations). On average, 37 % of surveyed workers reported at least one laceration to the hand in the preceding year, resulting in an overall hand laceration rate of 83 per 100 workers per year. An inverse relationship was found between level of job routinization and hand lacerations, with progressively higher rates of hand lacerations occurring among workers assigned to less routine (more variable) work patterns. Fabricated metal parts handling and Job variability may be related to increased risk of hand lacerations in line-paced work environments where personal protective equipment is the primary strategy to control exposure to sharp objects. C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Anal & Field Evaluat Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ind Wide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bell, JL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Anal & Field Evaluat Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd MS-1811, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI MacDonald, Leslie/D-2201-2014; OI MacDonald, Leslie/0000-0003-3967-534X NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 45 IS 8 BP 848 EP 856 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000083032.56116.88 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 712BX UT WOS:000184777400010 PM 12915786 ER PT J AU Ryan, UM Xiao, L Read, C Sulaiman, IM Monis, P Lal, AA Fayer, R Pavlasek, I AF Ryan, UM Xiao, L Read, C Sulaiman, IM Monis, P Lal, AA Fayer, R Pavlasek, I TI A redescription of Cryptosporidium galli Pavlasek, 1999 (Apicomplexa : Cryptosporidiidae) from birds SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N. SP; MELEAGRIDIS; BAILEYI; PARVUM AB Cryptosporidium galli Pavlasek, 1999, described from the feces of birds, is redescribed with additional molecular and biological data. Oocysts are ellipsoidal, are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 8.25 X 6.3 mum (range 8.0-8.5 X 6.2-6.4 mum) with a length-width ratio of 1.30 (n = 50). Oocysts are structurally similar to those of Cryptosporidium baileyi described from chickens, but in addition to being considerably larger than oocysts of C. baileyi, these oocysts infect the proventriculus in a variety of birds and not the respiratory tract. Oocysts were successfully transmitted from chickens to chickens, and morphologically similar oocysts also were observed in a variety of exotic and wild birds (Order Passeriformes. Phasianidae, Fringillidae, and Icteridae). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses at the 18S rRNA. HSP70, and actin gene loci demonstrate that this species is genetically distinct from all known species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and, thus, was named C. galli. C1 Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Australian Water Qual Ctr, Microbiol Unit, Bolivar, SA 5110, Australia. US Dept Agr, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. State Vet Inst, Pathol & Parasitol Dept, Prague 16503 6, Czech Republic. RP Ryan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Monis, Paul/B-8539-2011; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 809 EP 813 DI 10.1645/GE-74RI PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 722HF UT WOS:000185368800030 PM 14533694 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Graham, DH da Silva, DS Bahia-Oliveira, LMG AF Dubey, JP Graham, DH da Silva, DS Bahia-Oliveira, LMG TI Toxoplasma gondii isolates of free-ranging chickens from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Mouse mortality, genotype, and oocyst shedding by cats SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLONAL LINEAGES; ACUTE VIRULENCE; TISSUE CYSTS; STRAINS; MICE; INFECTION; PARASITE; DISEASE; SHEEP AB Most isolates of Toxoplasma gondii can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. In the present Study, 67 isolates of T. gondii were obtained by bioassay in mice inoculated with brains and hearts of 96 asymptomatic chickens from an area highly endemic to human infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the 48 isolates genotyped using the SAG, locus, 34 (70%) were of type I and 13 (27%) were of type III. No isolate of type 11 was recovered. Isolates from I chicken contained a type I and type III mixed infection, indicating natural multiparasite infection in the same animal. Cats fed mice infected with I I type I strains shed 19-535 million oocysts in their feces, indicating that type I isolates can circulate in the environment. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079 NR 24 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 851 EP 853 DI 10.1645/GE-60R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 722HF UT WOS:000185368800039 PM 14533703 ER PT J AU Braun, KV Yeargin-Allsopp, M Schendel, D Fernhoff, P AF Braun, KV Yeargin-Allsopp, M Schendel, D Fernhoff, P TI Long-term developmental outcomes of children identified through a newborn screening program with a metabolic or endocrine disorder: A population-based approach SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID TREATED CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; INTELLECTUAL-DEVELOPMENT; VERBAL DYSPRAXIA; GALACTOSEMIA; INTELLIGENCE; AGE AB Objective To conduct surveillance of the developmental status of children who screen positive and are diagnosed with a metabolic or endocrine disorder. Study design The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention linked three data sources in Georgia: (1) Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program (MADDSP), (2) Special Education Database of Metropolitan Atlanta (SEDMA), and (3) State of Georgia Newborn Blood-Spot Screening Program (NBSP). Results When MADDSP and NBSP were linked (birth cohorts 1981-1991), of an estimated 147 infants who screened positive for a metabolic or endocrine disorder and were at risk for mental retardation if left untreated, only three children were identified with mental retardation. When SEDMA and NBSP were linked (birth cohorts 1981-1995), of an estimated 216 children who screened positive for a metabolic or endocrine disorder, nine children were identified as having a developmental disability less severe than mental retardation, eg, speech and language impairments. Conclusions Although children found in MADDSP or SEDMA have a low occurrence of developmental disabilities attributable to these metabolic or endocrine disorders, our finding of cases of developmental disabilities of varying severity attributable to a metabolic or endocrine disorder suggests a need for ongoing population-based monitoring of the long-term developmental outcomes of children identified through newborn screening programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabil Team, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Braun, KV (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbn5@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 143 IS 2 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00358-5 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 717YL UT WOS:000185118300020 ER PT J CA Global Youth Tobacco Survey Collabor TI Differences in worldwide tobacco use by gender: Findings from the global youth tobacco survey SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes 4.9 million deaths annually to tobacco. That figure could reach 10 million by 2030. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), an international surveillance project developed jointly by WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), enables countries to monitor youth tobacco use and guide implementation and evaluation of tobacco prevention and control programs. The GYTS has been completed at 121 sites in 76 countries plus the Gaza Strip/West Bank. with national-level data generated in 52 countries, and city, state, or provincial/regional data generated in 24 countries. This paper reports on gender differences in tobacco use among young people in the six WHO Regions worldwide. Two unexpected findings emerged from the study. First, little difference existed between the genders in cigarette smoking or in use of other tobacco products. From 120 sites that collected data on cigarette smoking by boys and girls, more than one-half (n = 61) showed no difference by gender. For other tobacco products, 82 of 117 sites (70.1%) showed no difference by gender. Second, analysis revealed surprisingly high use of other tobacco products compared to cigarette smoking. Findings suggest programs should focus broadly on all tobacco products, not just cigarettes. Also, programs need gender-sensitive components that focus on unique consequences for females. such as effects on reproduction. Lack of gender differences in the study underscores the potential growth of the tobacco epidemic, especially among women in developing countries - where most sites in this study were located. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 2003 VL 73 IS 6 BP 207 EP 215 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 703LU UT WOS:000184281500001 ER PT J AU Cardozo, BL Kaiser, R Gotway, CA Agani, F AF Cardozo, BL Kaiser, R Gotway, CA Agani, F TI Mental health, social functioning, and feelings of hatred and revenge of Kosovar Albanians one year after the war in Kosovo SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE mental health; Kosovo; PTSD; hatred; social functioning ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BOSNIAN REFUGEES; SURVIVORS; QUESTIONNAIRE; COMORBIDITY; DISABILITY; VIOLENCE; SYMPTOMS; TRAUMA; ANGER AB A cross-sectional cluster sample survey was conducted in June 2000 in Kosovo to assess the prevalence of mental health problems associated with traumatic experiences, feelings of hatred and revenge, and the level of social functioning among Kosovar Albanians approximately 1 year after the end of the war. Findings of the second cross-sectional survey were compared with those from our 1999 mental health survey in Kosovo. Included in the survey were 1399 Kosovar Albanians aged 15 years or older living in 593 randomly selected households across Kosovo. Twenty-five percent of respondents reported PTSD symptoms, compared with 17.1% in 1999. The MOS-20 social functioning score improved to 69.8 from 29.5 in 1999. In the 2000 survey 54% of men felt hatred toward the Serbs, compared with 88.7% in 1999. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pristina, Dept Psychiat, Prishtina, Kosovo, Yugoslavia. RP Cardozo, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD AUG PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1023/A:1024413918346 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 693QG UT WOS:000183729400007 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Naguib, T Yang, SJ Nasr, E Jorba, J Ahmed, N Campagnoli, R van der Avoort, H Shimizu, H Yoneyama, T Miyamura, T Pallansch, M Kew, O AF Yang, CF Naguib, T Yang, SJ Nasr, E Jorba, J Ahmed, N Campagnoli, R van der Avoort, H Shimizu, H Yoneyama, T Miyamura, T Pallansch, M Kew, O TI Circulation of endemic type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus in Egypt from 1983 to 1993 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; GENETIC-BASIS; POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; ATTENUATION PHENOTYPE; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; PARALYTIC PATIENTS; CODON DEGENERACY; WILD POLIOVIRUS AB From 1988 to 1993, 30 cases of poliomyelitis associated with poliovirus type 2 were found in seven governorates of Egypt. Because many of the cases were geographically and temporally clustered and because the case isolates differed antigenically from the vaccine strain, it was initially assumed that the cases signaled the continued circulation of wild type 2 poliovirus. However, comparison of sequences encoding the major capsid protein, VP1 (903 nucleotides), revealed that the isolates were related (93 to 97% nucleotide sequence identity) to the Sabin type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strain and unrelated (<82% nucleotide sequence identity) to the wild type 2 polioviruses previously indigenous to Egypt (last known isolate: 1979) or to any contemporary wild type 2 polioviruses found elsewhere. The rate and pattern of VP1 divergence among the circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) isolates suggested that all lineages were derived from a single OPV infection that occurred around 1983 and that progeny from the initiating infection circulated for approximately a decade within Egypt along several independent chains of transmission. Complete genomic sequences of an early (1988) and a late (1993) cVDPV isolate revealed that their 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and noncapsid-3' UTR sequences were derived from other species C enteroviruses. Circulation of type 2 cVDPVs occurred at a time of low OPV coverage in the affected communities and ceased when OPV coverage rates increased. The potential for cVDPVs to circulate in populations with low immunity to poliovirus has important implications for current and future strategies to eradicate polio worldwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Egyptian Org Biol Prod & Vaccine Prod, Dept Virol, VACSERA, Cairo, Egypt. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 2, Tokyo, Japan. RP Yang, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 80 TC 136 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 77 IS 15 BP 8366 EP 8377 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.15.8366-8377.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 702FP UT WOS:000184214300021 PM 12857906 ER PT J AU Vincent, MJ Sanchez, AJ Erickson, BR Basak, A Chretien, M Seidah, NG Nichol, ST AF Vincent, MJ Sanchez, AJ Erickson, BR Basak, A Chretien, M Seidah, NG Nichol, ST TI Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein proteolytic processing by subtilase SKI-1 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASSA-VIRUS; PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; CLEAVAGE SITE; FURIN; ACTIVATION; IDENTIFICATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENDOPROTEASE AB Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus is a tick-borne member of the genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae. The mature virus glycoproteins, Gn and Gc (previously referred to as G2 and G1), are generated by proteolytic cleavage from precursor proteins. The amino termini of Gn and Gc are immediately preceded by tetrapeptides RRLL and RKPL, respectively, leading to the hypothesis that SKI-1 or related proteases may be involved (A. J. Sanchez, M. J. Vincent, and S. T. Nichol, J. Virol. 76:7263-7275, 2002). In vitro peptide cleavage data show that an RRLL peptide representing the Gn processing site is efficiently cleaved by SKI-1 protease, whereas an RKPL peptide representing the Gc processing site is cleaved at negligible levels. The efficient cleavage of RRLL peptide is consistent with the known recognition sequences of SKI-1, including the sequence determinants involved in the cleavage of the Lassa virus (family Arenaviridae) glycoprotein precursor. These in vitro findings were confirmed by expression of wild-type or mutant CCHF virus glycoproteins in CHO cells engineered to express functional or nonfunctional SKI-1. Gn processing was found to be dependent on functional SKI-1, whereas Gc processing was not. Gn processing occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum-cis Golgi compartments and was dependent on an R at the -4 position within the RRLL recognition motif, consistent with the known cleavage properties of SKI-1. Comparison of SKI-1 cleavage efficiency between peptides representing Lassa virus GP2 and CCHF virus Gn cleavage sites suggests that amino acids flanking the RRLL may modulate the efficiency. The apparent lack of SKI-1 cleavage at the CCHF virus Gc RKPL site indicates that related proteases, other than SKI-1, are likely to be involved in the processing at this site and identical or similar sites utilized in several New World arenaviruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Reg Prot Chem Ctr, Dis Aging Unit, Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Clin Res Inst Montreal, Biochem Neuroendocrinol Lab, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Mail Stop G14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Seidah, Nabil/I-3596-2013 OI Seidah, Nabil/0000-0001-6503-9342 NR 26 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 77 IS 16 BP 8640 EP 8649 DI 10.1128/JVI.7716.8640-8649.2003 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 706PU UT WOS:000184462800004 PM 12885882 ER PT J AU Brown, B Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA AF Brown, B Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA TI Complete genomic Sequencing shows that Polioviruses and members of human enterovirus species C are closely related in the noncapsid coding region SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ACTING REPLICATION ELEMENT; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; RNA REPLICATION; VP1 SEQUENCE; GROUP-A; VACCINE; VIRUS; CLASSIFICATION AB The 65 human enterovirus serotypes are currently classified into five species: Poliovirus (3 serotypes), Human enterovirus A (HEV-A) (12 serotypes), HEV-B (37 serotypes), HEV-C (11 serotypes), and HEV-D (2 serotypes). Coxsackie A virus (CAV) serotypes 1, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 24 constitute HEV-C. We have determined the complete genome sequences for the remaining nine HEV-C serotypes and compared them with the complete sequences of CAV21, CAV24, and the polioviruses. The viruses were most diverse in the capsid region (4 to 36% amino acid difference). A high degree of capsid sequence conservation (96% amino acid identity) suggests that CAV15 and CAV18 should be classified as strains of CAV11 and CAV13, respectively. In the 3CD region, CAV1, CAV19, and CAV22 differed from one another by only 1.2 to 1.4% and CAV11, CAV13, CAV17, CAV20, CAV21, CAV24, and the polioviruses differed from one another by only 1.2 to 3.6%. The two groups, however, differed from one another by 14.6 to 16.2%. The polioviruses as a group were monophyletic only in the capsid region. Only one group of serotypes (CAV1, CAV19, and CAV22) was consistently monophyletic in multiple genome regions. Incongruities among phylogenetic trees based on different genome regions strongly suggest that recombination has occurred between the polioviruses, CAV11, CAV13, CAV17, and CAV20. The close relationship among the polioviruses and CAV11, CAV13, CAV17, CAV20, CAV21, and CAV24 and the uniqueness of CAVI, CAV19, and CAV22 suggest that revisions should be made to the classification of these viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 162 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 77 IS 16 BP 8973 EP 8984 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8973-8984.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 706PU UT WOS:000184462800037 PM 12885914 ER PT J AU Craig, CL Marshall, AL Sjostrom, M Bauman, AE Booth, ML Ainsworth, BE Pratt, M Ekelund, U Yngve, A Sallis, JF Oja, P AF Craig, CL Marshall, AL Sjostrom, M Bauman, AE Booth, ML Ainsworth, BE Pratt, M Ekelund, U Yngve, A Sallis, JF Oja, P TI International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE measurement; surveillance; epidemiology ID COMPUTER-SCIENCE; ACTIVITY MONITOR; FIELD; INC.; ACCELEROMETER; VALIDATION AB Background: Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity. Methods: Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity. Results: Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's p clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median p of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode. Conclusions: The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Ctr Phys Act & Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Novum, Karolinska Inst, PrevNut, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Queensland, Sch Human Movement Studies, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada. New Childrens Hosp, Ctr Adv Adolescent Hlth, Westmead, NSW, Australia. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Phys Act & Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Bauman, AE (reprint author), Ctr Phys Act & Hlth, Epidemiol Unit, Locked Mail Bag 7017, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia. RI Ekelund, Ulf/A-1046-2008; Marshall, Alison/A-6693-2011; OI Yngve, Agneta/0000-0002-7165-279X NR 17 TC 4062 Z9 4209 U1 59 U2 415 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1381 EP 1395 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB PG 15 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 707UE UT WOS:000184527600020 PM 12900694 ER PT J AU Haga, SB Khoury, MJ Burke, W AF Haga, SB Khoury, MJ Burke, W TI Genomic profiling to promote a healthy lifestyle: not ready for prime time SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; COMMON MUTATION; VASCULAR-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; THERAPY; PHARMACOGENETICS; HOMOCYSTEINE; ASSOCIATION AB Genomic profiling has the potential to usher in a revolution of personalized healthcare and disease prevention. But evidence to support genomic profiling is inconsistent, and data on the health outcome benefits based on such testing are lacking. For genomic profiling to become valid and useful, well designed epidemiologic studies and thorough clinical evaluations of recommended interventions based on genotype are required. C1 Ctr Advancement Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Haga, SB (reprint author), Ctr Advancement Genom, 1901 Res Blvd,6th Floor, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 35 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1038/ng0803-347 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 706TE UT WOS:000184470500002 PM 12923535 ER PT J AU Nasrieh, MA Abdel-Hafez, SK Kamhawi, SA Craig, PS Schantz, PM AF Nasrieh, MA Abdel-Hafez, SK Kamhawi, SA Craig, PS Schantz, PM TI Cystic echinococcosis in Jordan: socioeconomic evaluation and risk factors SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDATID-DISEASE; DE-SOUSSE; ULTRASOUND; CHILDREN; URUGUAY AB The costs of illness and surgical intervention for human cystic echinococcosis (CE) cases in Jordan was economically evaluated by 77 surgeons and 77 CE patients. The cost of diagnosis for each CE case was US$ 111.30 and $ 146.20 as estimated by surgeons and patients, respectively. The cost of surgical extraction of hydatid cysts for each case was US$ 590.20 and $ 638.50 as estimated by both groups, respectively. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of 77 CE patients as well as several Jordanian groups with different occupations including 144 shepherds, 119 settled livestock owners, 25 slaughter house workers, 400 university students and 80 inhabitants of a CE focus in southern Jordan were analyzed through a set of questionnaires. All of these groups had poor knowledge of CE, especially the source and causes of infection. All practices and attitudes of each group favored continuous transmission of the parasite and indicate the need for the implementation of a proper control program in the country. C1 Yarmouk Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Irbid, Jordan. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Abdel-Hafez, SK (reprint author), Yarmouk Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Irbid, Jordan. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 45194] NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 90 IS 6 BP 456 EP 466 DI 10.1007/s00436-003-0883-9 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 715CU UT WOS:000184953600004 PM 12774228 ER PT J AU Braden, CR AF Braden, CR TI Listeriosis SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Braden, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 22 IS 8 BP 745 EP 746 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 714JX UT WOS:000184911300015 PM 12913780 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Redding, GJ Lewis, TC Martinez, P Bulkow, L Morray, B Peters, H Gove, J Jones, C Stamey, D Talkington, DF DeMain, J Bernert, JT Butler, JC AF Singleton, RJ Redding, GJ Lewis, TC Martinez, P Bulkow, L Morray, B Peters, H Gove, J Jones, C Stamey, D Talkington, DF DeMain, J Bernert, JT Butler, JC TI Sequelae of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy and early childhood among Alaska native children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Alaska Native; respiratory syncytial virus; asthma ID RSV BRONCHIOLITIS; TOBACCO-SMOKE; US CHILDREN; ASTHMA; DISEASE; HOSPITALIZATIONS; BRONCHIECTASIS; EXPOSURE; ALLERGY; WHEEZE AB Objective. In 1993-1996, we conducted a nested case-control study to determine risk factors for hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among Alaska Native infants and young children. In the current study, we returned to former RSV case-patients and their control subjects during 1999-2001 to determine whether children who are hospitalized with RSV at <2 years of age are more likely to develop chronic respiratory conditions. Methods. For each former RSV case-patient and control subject from remote villages in southwest Alaska, we reviewed medical records, interviewed parents, performed physical examinations and spirometry, collected sera, and analyzed chest radiographs. Case-patients were identified through surveillance for RSV hospitalization, and matched control subjects without lower respiratory infection (LRI)-related hospitalization were identified. Results. Hospitalization for RSV infection was associated with a significant increase in wheezing, LRIs, and asthma diagnosis during the first 4 years of life. The association decreased with age and was no longer significant by 5 years of age. However, hospitalization for RSV infection was associated with increased respiratory symptoms and increased chronic productive cough at 5 to 8 years of age. Children who were hospitalized with RSV were not more likely at follow-up to have allergies, eczema, or a positive family history of asthma. Conclusions. Severe RSV infection in infancy may produce airway injury, which is manifested in chronic productive cough with or without wheezing and recurrent LRIs. Although the association of RSV infection with wheezing seems to be transient, children remain at higher risk for chronic productive cough at 5 to 8 years of age. RSV prevention modalities may prevent sequelae that occur early and later in childhood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Providence Alaska Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2003 VL 112 IS 2 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1542/peds.112.2.285 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 707YX UT WOS:000184538500017 PM 12897275 ER PT J AU Keyserling, HL Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Harris, JM Levine, GL Siegel, JD Stover, BH Lau, SA Jarvis, WR AF Keyserling, HL Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Harris, JM Levine, GL Siegel, JD Stover, BH Lau, SA Jarvis, WR CA Pediat Prevention Network TI Vancomycin use in hospitalized pediatric patients SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vancomycin; pediatrics; antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial use ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-SURGERY; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; GUIDELINES; EMERGENCE; THERAPY; COLONIZATION AB Objectives. To assess vancomycin utilization at children's hospitals, to determine risk factors for vancomycin use and length of therapy, and to facilitate adapting recommendations to optimize vancomycin prescribing practices in pediatric patients. Methods. Two surveys were conducted at Pediatric Prevention Network hospitals. The first (Survey I) evaluated vancomycin control programs. The second (Survey II) prospectively reviewed individual patient records. Each hospital was asked to complete questionnaires on 25 consecutive patients or all patients for whom vancomycin was prescribed during a 1-month period. Results. In Survey I, 55 of 65 (85%) hospitals reported their vancomycin control policies. Three quarters had specific policies in place to restrict vancomycin use. One half had at least 3 vancomycin restriction measures. In Survey II, personnel at 22 hospitals reviewed 416 vancomycin courses, with 2 to 25 (median=12) patients tracked per hospital. Eighty-two percent of the vancomycin prescribed was for treatment of neonatal sepsis, fever/neutropenia, fever of unknown origin, positive blood culture, pneumonia, or meningitis. In an additional 6% (26/416), vancomycin was prescribed for patients with beta-lactam allergies and in 13% (56/416) for prophylaxis. Median duration of prophylaxis was 2 days (range: 1-15 days). Almost half (196, 47%) of the patients who received vancomycin were in intensive care units; 27% of the vancomycin courses were initiated by neonatologists and 19% by hematologists/oncologists. The predominant risk factor at the time of vancomycin initiation was the presence of vascular catheters (322, 77%); other host factors included cancer chemotherapy (55, 13%), transplant (30, 7%), shock (24, 6%), other immunosuppressant therapy (17, 4%), or hyposplenic state (2, <1%). Other clinical considerations were severity of illness (96, 23%), uncertainty about diagnosis (51, 12%), patient not responding to current antibiotic therapy (40, 10%), or implant infection (13, 3%). When vancomycin was initiated, blood cultures were positive in 85 patients (20%); cultures from other sites were positive in 45 (11%), and Gram stains of body fluids were positive in 37 (9%). In 29 (7%) patients, organisms sensitive only to vancomycin were isolated before vancomycin initiation. Reasons for discontinuing vancomycin included: therapeutic course completed (125, 30%), negative cultures (106, 25%), alternative antibiotics initiated (75, 18%), illness resolved (14, 3%), or patient expired (13, 3%). Final results of blood culture isolates resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics included 48 coagulase-negative staphylococcus, 5 Staphylococcus aureus, and 10 other species. Conclusions. At children's hospitals, vancomycin is initiated for therapy in patients who have vascular catheters and compromised host factors. Only 7% had laboratory-confirmed beta-lactam-resistant organisms isolated at the time vancomycin was prescribed. Efforts to modify empiric vancomycin use in children's hospitals should be targeted at intensivists, neonatologists, and hematologists. Initiatives to decrease length of therapy by decreasing the number of surgical prophylaxis doses and days of therapy before laboratory results may decrease vancomycin exposure. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NACHRI, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Kosair Childrens Hosp, Louisville, KY USA. MMP Inc, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Keyserling, HL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 2040 Ridgewood Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM hkeyser@emory.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU315208] NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2003 VL 112 IS 2 BP E104 EP E111 DI 10.1542/peds.112.2.e104 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 707YX UT WOS:000184538500004 PM 12897315 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, T Jumaan, AO Mullooly, JP Seward, JF Izurieta, HS DeStefano, F Black, SB Chen, RT AF Verstraeten, T Jumaan, AO Mullooly, JP Seward, JF Izurieta, HS DeStefano, F Black, SB Chen, RT CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Res Grp TI A retrospective cohort study of the association of varicella vaccine failure with asthma, steroid use, age at vaccination, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE varicella vaccine; asthma; steroids; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; chickenpox ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; SAFETY DATALINK; CARE-CENTER; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; VIRUS; RISK; IMMUNIZATION AB Objective. Varicella breakthrough, the occurrence of varicella disease >42 days after vaccination, is indicative of vaccination failure. A sevenfold increased risk of breakthrough among vaccinated children with asthma was observed in a 1996 varicella outbreak in a child care center. More recent outbreak investigations have also identified age at vaccination as a potential risk factor for breakthrough. We assessed the association of varicella breakthrough with asthma, steroids, age at varicella vaccination, and timing of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study among children born after 1993 and followed up through 1999 at 2 health maintenance organizations ([HMOs] A and B) in the United States. Information was obtained from automated vaccination, clinic, hospital discharge, and pharmacy records. Results. We identified 268 and 97 breakthrough cases among 80 584 and 8181 children vaccinated against varicella at HMOs A and B, respectively. Varicella breakthrough was not associated with asthma, inhaled steroids prescribed at any time, and oral steroids prescribed before vaccination. An increased risk of varicella breakthrough was found in the 3 months immediately after prescription for oral steroids at HMO A (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-4.4) and HMO B (aRR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.0-7.8), when varicella vaccine was given before 15 months of age at HMO A (aRR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9), and when varicella vaccination followed MMR vaccine within 28 days at HMO A (aRR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.5-6.4). Conclusions. Varicella vaccine failure in children was not associated with asthma or the use of inhaled steroids, but with the use of oral steroids. Administration of varicella vaccine before the age of 15 months may be associated with a slightly increased risk of breakthrough disease. As currently recommended, varicella vaccination should not be administered for 28 days after MMR vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. RP Verstraeten, T (reprint author), Rue Inst 89, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. EM thomas.verstraeten@gskbio.com NR 38 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2003 VL 112 IS 2 BP E98 EP E103 DI 10.1542/peds.112.2.e98 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 707YX UT WOS:000184538500003 PM 12897314 ER PT J AU Moore, JM Shi, YP Othoro, C Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Moore, JM Shi, YP Othoro, C Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Comparative flow cytometric analysis of term placental intervillous and peripheral blood from immediate postpartum women in western Kenya SO PLACENTA LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CORD-BLOOD; LYMPHOCYTES; MALARIA; IMMUNITY; ACCUMULATION; RESPONSES; DECIDUA AB Understanding maternal immune responses in the placenta is critical for management of pregnancy failures and haematogenous infections during pregnancy. However, it is unknown whether maternal placental intervillous blood (IVB) mononuclear cell populations are distinct from those found in maternal peripheral blood (PB). In this study, cell populations in the IVB and PB from immediate postpartum women were compared by flow cytometry. While levels of B and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were similar, IVB contained significantly higher levels of monocytes (10.9 +/- 5.9 versus 5.5 +/- 2.5 per cent, respectively) and natural killer cells (14.3 +/- 9.6 versus 5.9 +/- 3.2 per cent, respectively) than the PB. Expression of the early activation marker CD69 was increased on T cells in the IVB, whereas levels of HLA-DR, a late activation marker, were similar between IVB and PB. These results suggest that maternal cells that circulate through the intervillous compartment may be subject to local influences that affect their distribution, phenotype and function. Further comparative study of these blood compartments will be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which the local placental milieu influences the IVB. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Rollback Malaria Program, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Moore, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI50240] NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0143-4004 J9 PLACENTA JI Placenta PD AUG PY 2003 VL 24 IS 7 BP 779 EP 785 DI 10.1016/S0143-4004(03)00112-7 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 704QU UT WOS:000184352000008 PM 12852869 ER PT J AU Teixeira, CF Augusto, LGD Morata, TC AF Teixeira, CF Augusto, LGD Morata, TC TI Hearing health of workers exposed to noise and insecticides SO REVISTA DE SAUDE PUBLICA LA Portuguese DT Article DE hearing loss, noise-induced; insecticides; vector control; auditory system and multiple exposures AB Objective To examine the peripheral auditory disorders in a group of workers exposed to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, used in vector control campaigns. Methods The prevalence study examined a population of 98 individuals in campaigns for the prevention of Dengue, Chagas disease and Yellow fever The sampling approach was finalistic, and included the workers in a health district of Pernambuco, during the year 2000. A questionnaire was used to collect data on occupational and non-occupational risks, safety measures utilized, family history of auditory problems and health symptoms. Previous noise exposure history was also investigated, since noise can be a confounding factor for hearing loss. Hearing sensitivity and middle ear function were assessed by pure tone audiometry. Results Among those exposed to insecticides, 63.8% demonstrated a hearing loss. For the group of workers exposed to both noise and insecticides, hearing loss was observed in 66.7% of the cases. The median exposure time necessary to detect high-frequency losses was 3.4 years for workers exposed to both agents and 7.3 years for workers exposed to insecticides only. Hearing thresholds were poorest among workers exposed to both agents. Auditory damage for those with combined exposures to the two factors was more severe than the hearing losses observed among those exposed only to insecticides. Conclusions There is evidence that exposure to insecticides was associated with peripheral sensorioneural hearing loss and that noise exposure can potentiate the ototoxic effects of insecticides. It is necessary to evaluate this possible association through epidemiological studies. C1 Fac Integrada Recife, Recife, PE, Brazil. Fundacao Osvaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisa Ageu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, Brazil. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Teixeira, CF (reprint author), Av Eng Abdias Carvalho 1678, BR-50720635 Recife, PE, Brazil. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU REVISTA DE SAUDE PUBLICA PI SAO PAULO PA FACULDADE SAUDE PUBL DA USP, AV DR ARNALDO 715, 01255 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0034-8910 J9 REV SAUDE PUBL JI Rev. Saude Publica PD AUG PY 2003 VL 37 IS 4 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1590/S0034-89102003000400005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 723EW UT WOS:000185420300004 PM 12937701 ER PT J AU Stayner, L Steenland, K Dosemeci, M Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Stayner, L Steenland, K Dosemeci, M Hertz-Picciotto, I TI Attenuation of exposure-response curves in occupational cohort studies at high exposure levels SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE epidemiology; flat dose-response ID QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT; COPPER SMELTER WORKERS; LUNG-CANCER; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY CANCER; NONDIFFERENTIAL MISCLASSIFICATION; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; VINYL-CHLORIDE; HEART-DISEASE; MORTALITY AB Numerous occupational cohort mortality studies have observed exposure-response curves to have an increasing slope at low exposure levels that attenuates or even turns negative at high exposure levels. Examples discussed in this paper include dioxin, silica, 1,3-butadiene, cadmium, beryllium, radon daughters, diesel fumes, nickel, arsenic, and hexavalent chromium. Possible explanations for this phenomenon include (i) bias introduced by the healthy worker survivor effect, (ii) a depletion of the number of susceptible people in the population at high exposure levels, (iii) a natural limit on the relative risk for diseases with a high background rate, (iv) mismeasurement or misclassification of exposures, (v) the influence of other risk factors that vary by the level of the main exposure, and (vi) the saturation of key enzyme systems or other processes involved in the development of disease. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Davis, CA USA. RP Stayner, L (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, 4676 Colombia Pkwy,C 15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 50 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 10 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD AUG PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 317 EP 324 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 711XH UT WOS:000184766000010 PM 12934726 ER PT J AU Callahan, DB Weinberg, M Gunn, RA AF Callahan, DB Weinberg, M Gunn, RA TI Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: Diagnosis and treatment practices of physicians in San Diego, California, 1999 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; PRETERM BIRTH; VAGINAL CLINDAMYCIN; RISK-FACTORS; METRONIDAZOLE; PREMATURITY; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS AB Background: Treating symptomatic bacterial vaginosis (BV) early in pregnancy may decrease preterm birth (PTB). Understanding how physicians manage BV is important for the development of interventions. Goal. The goal was to determine the extent of knowledge and behaviors of physicians related to the diagnosis, treatment, and medical effects of BV in pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Study Design; This was a cross-sectional survey. Results: The study group consisted of 208 physicians who provided gynecologic care, including 102 (49%) who provided care to pregnant patients. Only 65% believed that there was a strong causal association between BV and PTB. Physicians who believed that BV causes PTB were much more likely to optimally manage vaginal infections (43% versus 7%). Only 12% of physicians prescribed oral metronidazole or clindamycin during the first trimester of pregnancy to treat BV. Conclusion: Physicians should be aware of the relation between symptomatic BV and PTB, seek a specific diagnosis for symptoms of vaginitis, use standard criteria to diagnose BV, and treat BV with effective regimens early in pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Div STD & Hepatitis Prevent, San Diego, CA USA. RP Callahan, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 30 IS 8 BP 645 EP 649 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000081395.94426.33 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 709GV UT WOS:000184618200009 PM 12897687 ER PT J AU McLean, CA Kohl, K Baker, MA Sinclair, MF Ciesielski, CA Markowitz, LE AF McLean, CA Kohl, K Baker, MA Sinclair, MF Ciesielski, CA Markowitz, LE TI The syphilis reactor grid: Help or hindrance for syphilis surveillance? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADULTS AB Background: Health departments use reactor grids (sex, age, and serologic test for syphilis [STS] titer criteria) to determine which persons to evaluate for untreated syphilis. Goal: The goal of the study was to assess reactor grid performance in Chicago and reactor grid use nationally in 1999 to 2000. Study Design: We reviewed Chicago health department records to identify characteristics of persons with a reactive STS excluded from evaluation by reactor grid criteria and syphilis cases not meeting evaluation criteria. We surveyed health departments regarding reactor grid use. Results: Of persons with a reactive STS, 46% did not meet criteria for health department evaluation, including 62% of men, 29% of women, and 21% with titers greater than or equal to1:8. The reactor grid would have excluded 17% of primary syphilis cases. Overall, 82% of health departments use reactor grids. Conclusions: Reactor grids are widely used and may exclude persons with infectious syphilis from health department evaluation, especially men. The impact of reactor grid use on syphilis control and surveillance in the United States should be evaluated. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Epidemilol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP McLean, CA (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Epidemilol & Surveillance Branch, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 30 IS 8 BP 650 EP 653 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000085945.93505.61 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 709GV UT WOS:000184618200010 PM 12897688 ER PT J AU Kahn, RH Moseley, KE Thilges, JN Johnson, G Farley, TA AF Kahn, RH Moseley, KE Thilges, JN Johnson, G Farley, TA TI Community-based screening and treatment for STDs: Results from a mobile clinic initiative SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; SYPHILIS PREVENTION; CHAIN-REACTION; URINE; FEASIBILITY; INFECTIONS; FIELD; AREA AB Background: The persistence of syphilis and other bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in many areas of the United States suggests that innovative approaches to controlling these diseases are needed. Goal: To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and yield of mobile community-based STD screening and treatment services in high STD incidence areas. Study Design: Free, voluntary, confidential screening and treatment for STDs were conducted in high STD incidence neighborhoods of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, using a 32-foot mobile van. Demographic and behavioral data were obtained from participants. Participants were screened for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea and were also offered HIV testing. Community attitudes toward the screening program were assessed with street-intercept surveys conducted two weeks after screening events. Results: From March 1997 to August 2000, 256 community-based screening events were held. During this period, 3110 blood samples were collected for syphilis testing, of which 37 (1.2%) new cases of syphilis were identified. Of the 2807 blood samples collected for HIV testing, 70 (2.5%) were positive. Of 2229 urine samples, 185 (8.3%) tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis and 108 (4.9%) positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Of 389 street-intercept surveys, 97% of respondents thought that neighborhood STD testing was a "good" or "very good" idea. Conclusion: Mobile community-based STD screening and treatment are feasible, identify high positivity of STDs, and are accepted by the community as an innovative approach to STD control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baptist Community Minist, New Orleans, LA USA. Metro Hlth Educ, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Kahn, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Tomas, Charlene/M-9723-2014 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R30/CCR612016] NR 17 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 30 IS 8 BP 654 EP 658 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000083892.66236.7A PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 709GV UT WOS:000184618200011 PM 12897689 ER PT J AU Wong, W Tambis, JA Hernandez, MT Chaw, JK Klausner, JD AF Wong, W Tambis, JA Hernandez, MT Chaw, JK Klausner, JD TI Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among Latino immigrant day laborers in an urban setting - San Francisco SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MIGRANT LABORERS; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; TRIAL; URINE AB Background: Although rural Latino migrant laborers have been identified as a group at-risk for acquiring HIV, few studies have examined transmitted diseases (STDs) in urban, Latino migrant laborers. Goal: To assess the prevalence of STDs in a sample of urban, migrant day laborers in San Francisco. Study Design: A convenience sample of participants in the Day Laborer Project of the San Francisco Department of Public Health was screened for STDs from September 1994 to January 2001. Screening included serologic tests for syphilis and nucleic acid amplification tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia. Results: A total of 292 clients participated in the screening program. All participants were male, Latino, and recent immigrants. Of the 235 persons screened for syphilis, secondary syphilis was diagnosed in one (0.4%) participant. Of the 198 persons screened for gonorrhea and chlamydia, 1 (0.5 %) had gonorrhea and 7 (3.5%) had chlamydia. Conclusion: Urban Latino migrant day laborers are a population at-risk for infection with STDs. Community-based STD, screening programs might be an effective way to detect STDs in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv,State Branch, San Francisco, CA USA. Dept Publ Hlth, Populat Hlth & Prevent Div, Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Wong, W (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, 1360 Miss St,Suite 401, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 30 IS 8 BP 661 EP 663 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000079522.04451.CB PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 709GV UT WOS:000184618200013 PM 12897691 ER PT J AU Kung, HC Pearson, JL Liu, XH AF Kung, HC Pearson, JL Liu, XH TI Risk factors for male and female suicide decedents ages 15-64 in the United States - Results from the 1993 National Mortality Followback Survey SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gender; substance use; depression; firearm accessibility; mental health service utilization; suicide ID ADOLESCENT SUICIDE; COMPLETED SUICIDE; COMMIT SUICIDE; PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTOPSY; LIFE; BEHAVIORS; WOMEN; COMORBIDITY; RESPONDENTS; PREVENTION AB Background Few controlled studies have examined possible gender differences in risk factors for suicide. This paper examined the associations of certain risk factors with suicide among males and females aged 15-64, and the variation in the associations by gender. Methods A case-control study was constructed from the 1993 National Mortality Followback Survey in the United States. Information concerning age, race, education, living arrangement, marijuana use, excessive alcohol consumption, access to a firearm, depressive symptoms, and mental health service utilization was collected via death certificate and proxy respondent. Decedents between the ages of 15 and 64 who died by suicide were compared with those who died of natural causes. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between risk factors and suicide in males and females. Results In comparison to those who died of natural causes, we found that marijuana use, excessive alcohol consumption, and access to a firearm increased the odds of suicide for both genders. For male decedents, the presence of depressive symptoms was more frequently reported for the suicide decedents in the 45-64 age group, and the proportion of mental health service use was higher among suicide decedents who did not complete high school. For female decedents, depressive symptoms were related to suicide in all age groups, and the use of mental health services was more frequent in the suicides of the 15-29 and 45-64 age groups. Conclusions The risk factors of marijuana use, excessive alcohol use, and firearm accessibility in the last year of life increased the odds of suicide in both genders. When compared to natural deaths, depressive symptomatology was common in female suicide decedents, whereas it was only associated with older age among male suicide decedents. The interactions of mental health service use with demographic factors suggested possible gender differences in suicide risk associated with severity of mental disorders, as well as the likelihood of treatment seeking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Kung, HC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 50 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0933-7954 J9 SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID JI Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 38 IS 8 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s00127-003-0656-x PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 703QE UT WOS:000184291800002 PM 12910337 ER PT J AU Biggerstaff, BJ Petersen, LR AF Biggerstaff, BJ Petersen, LR TI Estimated risk of transmission of the West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the US, 2002 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; EPIDEMIC AB BACKGROUND: The West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic in 2002 in the US saw over 3300 reported human cases of WNV disease, with over 2300 reported cases of WNV encephalitis and meningitis. The first documented cases of transfusion transmission of WNV through voluntary blood donation also occurred. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Case onset dates from the 2002 WNV epidemic in the US were used to estimate the risk of transfusion-associated transmission with statistical resampling. An easily computed approximating formula for the mean risk was derived. Estimates were computed for six high-incidence states and metropolitan areas. RESULTS: Mean and maximum risk of transfusion-associated WNV transmission (per 10,000 donations) during the epidemic period for the selected states ranged from 2.12 to 4.76 and from 4.34 to 10.46, respectively; for the selected metropolitan areas, they ranged from 1.46 to 12.33 and from 3.02 to 21.32, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates of the mean risk of WNV transmission by transfusion ranged from 1.46 to 12.33 per 10,000 donations for six high-incidence metropolitan areas during the 2002 epidemic. Because the risk was highly geographically and temporally variable, computation of geographically localized estimates is recommended. The derived approximating formula for the mean risk performed well for the estimates given. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Biggerstaff, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 12 TC 84 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1017 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00480.x PG 11 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 705WC UT WOS:000184418100005 PM 12869104 ER PT J AU Harrington, T Kuehnert, MJ Kamel, H Lanciotti, RS Hand, S Currier, M Chamberland, ME Petersen, LR Marfin, AA AF Harrington, T Kuehnert, MJ Kamel, H Lanciotti, RS Hand, S Currier, M Chamberland, ME Petersen, LR Marfin, AA TI West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; RISK AB BACKGROUND: A patient with transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus (WNV) infection confirmed by viral culture of a blood component is described. A 24-year-old female with severe postpartum hemorrhage developed fever, chills, headache, and generalized malaise after transfusion of 18 units of blood components; a serum sample and the cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for the presence of WNV IgM antibodies. An investigation was initiated to determine a possible association between transfusion and WNV infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donors were assessed for recent infection through questionnaires and WNV testing of serum samples. Whole-blood retention segments and untransfused blood components were sent to the CDC to test for the presence of WNV through PCR (TaqMan, Applied Biosystems), IgM ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization testing, and viral culture. RESULTS: Three of 15 available donor retention segments were WNV PCR-positive. WNV was recovered from one associated blood component. The implicated donor was symptomatic near the time of donation; serology confirmed WNV IgM seroconversion. CONCLUSION: Seroconversion of a symptomatic donor, the presence of viral genetic material in an associated whole-blood retention segment, and recovery of WNV from an associated component provides compelling evidence for transfusion-acquired infection. This report has important implications for blood safety. C1 MPHTM, Mississippi State Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Blood Syst, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. RP Harrington, T (reprint author), MPHTM, Mississippi State Dept Hlth, 570 E Woodrow Wilson,POB 1700, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. NR 25 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1018 EP 1022 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00481.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 705WC UT WOS:000184418100006 PM 12869105 ER PT J AU Mahanty, S Gupta, M Paragas, J Bray, M Ahmed, R Rollin, PE AF Mahanty, S Gupta, M Paragas, J Bray, M Ahmed, R Rollin, PE TI Protection from lethal infection is determined by innate immune responses in a mouse model of Ebola virus infection SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ebola virus; filovirus; cytokines; viral kinetics; innate immunity; protective immunity; pathogenesis; interferons ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; FILOVIRUS INFECTIONS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; PASSIVE TRANSFER; ZAIRE-VIRUS; IFN-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; MICE AB A mouse-adapted strain of Ebola Zaire virus produces a fatal infection when BALB/cj mice are infected intraperitoneally (ip) but subcutaneous (sc) infection with the same virus fails to produce illness and confers long-term protection from lethal ip rechallenge. To identify immune correlates of protection in this model, we compared viral replication and cytokine/chemokine responses to Ebola virus in mice infected ip (10 PFU/mouse), or sc (100 PFU/mouse) and sc "immune" mice rechallenged ip (106 PFU/mouse) at several time points postinfection (pi). Ebola viral antigens were detected in the serum, liver, spleen, and kidneys of ip-infected mice by day 2 pi, increasing up to day 6. Sc-infected mice and immune mice rechallenged ip had no detectable viral antigens until day 6 pi, when low levels of viral antigens were detected in the livers of sc-infected mice only. TNF-alpha and MCP-1 were detected earlier and at significantly higher levels in the serum and tissues of ip-infected mice than in sc-infected or immune mice challenged ip. In contrast, high levels of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma were found in tissues within 2 days after challenge in sc-infected and immune mice but not in ip-infected mice. Mice became resistant to ip challenge within 48 h of sc infection, coinciding with the rise in tissue IFN-alpha levels. In this model of Ebola virus infection, the nonlethal sc route of infection is associated with an attenuated inflammatory response and early production of antiviral cytokines, particularly IFN-alpha, as compared with lethal ip infection. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Viral Therapeut, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NIAID, Biodef Clin Res Branch, Off Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mahanty, S (reprint author), NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Twinbrook 1,5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM smahanty@niaid.nih.gov OI Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 NR 47 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 312 IS 2 BP 415 EP 424 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00233-2 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 715AH UT WOS:000184948000016 PM 12919746 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Honein, MA Whitney, CG Chamany, S Mann, EA Biernath, KR Broder, K Manning, S Avashia, S Victor, M Costa, P Devine, O Graham, A Boyle, C AF Reefhuis, J Honein, MA Whitney, CG Chamany, S Mann, EA Biernath, KR Broder, K Manning, S Avashia, S Victor, M Costa, P Devine, O Graham, A Boyle, C TI Risk of bacterial meningitis in children with cochlear implants SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT MENINGITIS; OTITIS-MEDIA; INNER-EAR; DYSPLASIA; MALFORMATION AB BACKGROUND: In June 2002, the Food and Drug Administration received reports of bacterial meningitis in patients with cochlear implants for treatment of hearing loss. Implants that included a positioner (a wedge inserted next to the implanted electrode to facilitate transmission of the electrical signal by pushing the electrode against the medial wall of the cochlea) were voluntarily recalled in the United States in July 2002. METHODS: We identified patients with meningitis and conducted a cohort study and a nested case-control investigation involving 4264 children who had received cochlear implants in the United States between January 1, 1997, and August 6, 2002, and who were less than six years of age when they received the implants. We calculated the incidence of meningitis in the cohort and assessed risk factors for meningitis among patients and among 199 controls, using data from interviews with parents and abstracted from medical records. RESULTS: We identified 26 children with bacterial meningitis. The incidence of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was 138.2 cases per 100,000 person-years - more than 30 times the incidence in a cohort of the same age in the general U.S. population. Postimplantation bacterial meningitis was strongly associated with the use of an implant with a positioner (odds ratio, 4.5 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 17.9], with adjustment for medical, surgical, and environmental factors) and with the joint presence of radiographic evidence of a malformation of the inner ear and a cerebrospinal fluid leak (adjusted odds ratio, 9.3 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 94.5]). The incidence of meningitis among patients who had received an implant with a positioner remained higher than the incidence among those whose implants did not have a positioner for the duration of follow-up (24 months from the time of implantation). CONCLUSIONS: Parents and health care providers should ensure that all children who receive cochlear implants are appropriately vaccinated and are then monitored and treated promptly for any bacterial infections after receiving the implant. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Reefhuis, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 26 TC 130 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 8 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 5 BP 435 EP 445 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa031101 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 706FV UT WOS:000184443700005 PM 12890842 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Graubard, BI AF Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Graubard, BI TI Obesity and cancer SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 349 IS 5 BP 502 EP 502 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 706FV UT WOS:000184443700018 PM 12892101 ER PT J AU Horlander, KR Mannino, DM Leeper, KV AF Horlander, KR Mannino, DM Leeper, KV TI Pulmonary embolism mortality in the United States, 1979-1998 - An analysis using multiple-cause mortality data SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; CASE-FATALITY RATES; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; RISK-FACTORS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; TWIN-CITIES; DIAGNOSIS; POPULATION AB Background: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a common clinical problem that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Estimates of PTE mortality and predictions of PTE trends have varied widely. These estimates play a role in the planning of national health strategies. The analysis of pulmonary embolism mortality trends and comorbidities may elucidate how well we treat and prevent the disease as well as identify additional risk factors. Methods: We analyzed PTE (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 415.1) as reported on death certificates in the Multiple-Cause Mortality Files compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics from 1979 to 1998. Results: Of all the 42932973 decedents, 572773 (1.3%) had PTE listed on their death certificates and 194389 of these (33.9%) had PTE as the underlying cause of death. The age-adjusted rate of deaths with PTE decreased from 191 per million in 1979 to 94 per million in 1998 overall, decreasing 56% for men and 46% for women. During the study period, the age-adjusted mortality rates for blacks were consistently 50% higher than those for whites, and those for whites were 50% higher than those for people of other races (Asian, American Indian, etc). Within racial strata, mortality rates were consistently 20% to 30% higher among men than among women. Conditions that were of higher likelihood in persons who died with PTE included thrombophlebitis, fractures, trauma, postoperative complications, certain cancers, and the inflammatory bowel diseases. Conclusions: Mortality with PTE in the United States has decreased during the 20-year period. The mortality rates between men and women and between racial groups vary substantially. These findings may be useful in better directing preventive therapy efforts. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Horlander, KR (reprint author), Clark Holder Clin, Dept Pulm Med, 303 Smith St, La Grange, GA 30240 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 56 TC 254 Z9 271 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 14 BP 1711 EP 1717 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.14.1711 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 704YQ UT WOS:000184369900011 PM 12885687 ER PT J AU Claeson, M Gillespie, D Mshinda, H Troedsson, H Victoria, CG AF Claeson, M Gillespie, D Mshinda, H Troedsson, H Victoria, CG CA Bellagio Study Grp Child Survival TI Knowledge into action for child survival SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; HIV/AIDS; HEALTH AB The child survival revolution of the 1980s contributed to steady decreases in child mortality in some populations, but much remains to be done. More than 10 million children will die this year, almost all of whom are poor. Two-thirds of these deaths could have been prevented if effective child survival interventions had reached all children and mothers who needed them. Translation of current knowledge into effective action for child survival will require leadership, strong health systems, targeted human and financial resources, and modified health system to ensure that poor children and mothers benefit. A group of concerned scientists and policy-makers issues a call to action to leaders, governments, and citizens to translate knowledge into action for child survival. C1 David & Lucile Packard Fdn, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. Rockefeller Fdn, New York, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. UNICEF, New York, NY USA. Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Makerere Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gillespie, D (reprint author), David & Lucile Packard Fdn, 300 2nd St, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. EM dgillespie@packard.org NR 26 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 26 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9380 BP 323 EP 327 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 705UL UT WOS:000184413400026 PM 12892965 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Li, M Newman, RD Shi, YP Ayisi, J van Eijk, AM Otieno, J Misore, AO Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL Lal, RB AF Yang, CF Li, M Newman, RD Shi, YP Ayisi, J van Eijk, AM Otieno, J Misore, AO Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL Lal, RB TI Genetic diversity of HIV-1 in western Kenya: subtype-specific differences in mother-to-child transmission SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 subtypes; risk factors for HIV-1 transmission; subtype-specific differences; vertical transmission of HIV-1 ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; TYPE-1; RECOMBINATION; INFECTION; WOMEN; LOAD; VARIANTS; THAILAND; IMPACT AB Background: Little is known about the impact of HIV-1 group M subtypes on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 in African settings where multiple HIV-1 group M subtypes are co-circulating. Objective: To assess the role of subtype variation on MTCT. Methods: HIV-1-infected women attending an antenatal clinic in western Kenya were enrolled for a prospective study (1996-2000) of MTCT. HIV-1 subtype analysis of p24gag and gp41env identified potential recombinants, and their role in MTCT was determined. Results: Among 414 women for whom HIV-1 subtype and HIV transmission status were available, MTCT occurred in 80 (19.3%). MTCT rates were higher among women with subtype D compared with subtype A in either the gp41 region [31.6 versus 16.1%, relative risk (RR) 2.0, P = 0.002] or p24 region (29.9 versus 18.0%, RR 1.7, P = 0.02). Discordant subtype combinations were identified in 103 of the women (25.9%), and were associated with higher rates of MTCT (28.2 versus 17.0%, RR 1.7, P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, women with subtype combinations D/D, D/A, and A/D had an increased risk of MTCT (adjusted odds ratios 3.5, 2.5, 6.2; P=0.005, 0.05, and 0.0003, respectively) compared with A/A women after adjustment for maternal HIV viral load, placental malaria infection, episiotomy or perineal tear, and low birthweight. Conclusion: MTCT appears to be more common among mothers infected with subtype D compared with subtype A. Such differences in MTCT frequency may be caused by altered cellular tropism for placental cell types. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. New Nyanza Provincial Gen Hosp, Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DASTLR, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop D12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 43 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1667 EP 1674 DI 10.1097/00002030-200307250-00011 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 710BW UT WOS:000184661800011 PM 12853749 ER PT J AU Vuylsteke, BL Ghys, PD Traore, M Konan, Y Mah-Bi, G Maurice, C Soroh, D Diarra, JN Roels, TH Laga, M AF Vuylsteke, BL Ghys, PD Traore, M Konan, Y Mah-Bi, G Maurice, C Soroh, D Diarra, JN Roels, TH Laga, M TI HIV prevalence and risk behavior among clients of female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; female sex workers; prevalence; risk behavior; Cote d'Ivoire ID POPULATIONS AB Objective: To assess socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics of clients of female sex workers in Abidjan, and to determine their HIV prevalence and related risk factors. Design: A cross-sectional study among clients of female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Methods: A trained interviewer approached clients leaving the room of a female sex worker and invited them for an interview using a structured questionnaire, and to provide a saliva sample. Saliva was tested for HIV antibodies by the GACELISA assay (Murex, Dartford, UK). Results: A total of 526 clients agreed to participate, and 423 (80.4%) provided a saliva sample. Reported condom use was very high, 92.7% said they always use condoms and 95.4% reported condom use during the visit preceding the interview. The overall HIV prevalence among the clients who provided a saliva sample was 13.4%. Older age and being married or cohabitating was significantly associated with HIV infection in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: HIV prevalence appears to be relatively low, and condom use is high among clients of female sex workers in Abidjan. Existing HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers and among the general population should be sustained and reinforced. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium. Inst Natl Sante Publ, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vuylsteke, BL (reprint author), 01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 5 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1691 EP 1694 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000060419.84040.61 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 710BW UT WOS:000184661800014 PM 12853752 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Moore, JS Khumalo-Sakutukwa, G Loeb, L Cobb, D Hruschka, D Khan, R Padian, N AF O'Leary, A Moore, JS Khumalo-Sakutukwa, G Loeb, L Cobb, D Hruschka, D Khan, R Padian, N TI Association of negotiation strategies with consistent use of male condoms by women receiving an HIV prevention intervention in Zimbabwe SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID COUPLES AB One of the fundamental aspects of HIV counselling for women is condom negotiation strategy development. The present research sought to identify condom request strategies used by Zimbabwean women and to determine which were most effective in persuading male partners to use condoms. Of six types of strategies used by women after a prevention intervention, one was significantly associated with consistent condom use 2 months later. Implications for the development of counselling and testing protocols are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1705 EP 1707 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000076298.76477.1a PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 710BW UT WOS:000184661800020 PM 12853758 ER PT J AU Brown, KK Cheever, KL Butler, MA Shaw, PB McLaurin, JL AF Brown, KK Cheever, KL Butler, MA Shaw, PB McLaurin, JL TI Synthesis, characterization, and use of 2-[((2) H-9)butoxy] acetic acid and 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetic acid as an internal standard and an instrument performance surrogate, respectively, for the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of 2-butoxyacetic acid, a human metabolite of 2-butoxyethanol SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 2-butoxyacetic acid ID ALKOXYACETIC ACIDS; BUTOXYACETIC ACID; URINE AB 2-[(H-2(9))Butoxy]acetic acid and 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetic acid were synthesized, mixed with 2-butoxyacetic acid, and separated by capillary gas chromatography on a fused-silica column with a length of 50 m, inside diameter of 0.200 mm, and a "free fatty acid phase" wall coating of 0.3 mum film. 2-[(H-2(9))Butoxy]acetic acid, 2-butoxyacetic acid, and 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetic acid were baseline resolved at retention times of 13.55, 13.78, and 15.20 min; 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetic acid having a peak efficiency of 360 000. Mass spectrometric detection using selected ion monitoring at m/z 66, 57, and 71 showed linear analytical responses from 0.04 ng to at least 200 ng with a limit of detection of 0.04 ng for 2-butoxyacetic acid. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Brown, KK (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 792 IS 2 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00256-3 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 702QR UT WOS:000184235000002 PM 12860023 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Multistate outbreak of monkeypox - Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 589-590, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Monkeypox Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Monkeypox Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 4 BP 454 EP 455 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 703JB UT WOS:000184275300004 ER PT J AU Nakashima, AK Campsmith, ML Wolfe, MI Nakamura, G Begley, EB Teshale, EH AF Nakashima, AK Campsmith, ML Wolfe, MI Nakamura, G Begley, EB Teshale, EH TI Late versus early testing of HIV - 16 sites, United States, 2000-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 583-586, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nakashima, AK (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 4 BP 455 EP 457 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 703JB UT WOS:000184275300005 ER PT J AU Wallington, T Berger, L Henry, B Shahin, R Yaffe, B Mederski, B Berall, G Christian, M McGeer, A Low, D Wong, T Tam, T Ofner, M Hansen, L Gravel, D King, A AF Wallington, T Berger, L Henry, B Shahin, R Yaffe, B Mederski, B Berall, G Christian, M McGeer, A Low, D Wong, T Tam, T Ofner, M Hansen, L Gravel, D King, A CA CDC TI Update: Severe acute respiratory syndrome - Toronto, Canada, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 547-550, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Toronto Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. N York Gen Hosp, N York, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ontario Minist Hlth & Long Term Care, Toronto, ON, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wallington, T (reprint author), Toronto Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 4 BP 457 EP 458 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 703JB UT WOS:000184275300006 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Haddad, MB Tierney, BC Campbell, GL Marfin, AA Van Gerpen, JA Fleischauer, A Leis, AA Stokic, DS Petersen, LR AF Sejvar, JJ Haddad, MB Tierney, BC Campbell, GL Marfin, AA Van Gerpen, JA Fleischauer, A Leis, AA Stokic, DS Petersen, LR TI Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; NEW-YORK; MOVEMENT-DISORDERS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; POLIOMYELITIS; PARKINSONISM; ROMANIA AB Context The neurologic manifestations, laboratory findings, and outcome of patients with West Nile virus (WNV) infection have not been prospectively characterized. Objective To describe prospectively the clinical and laboratory features and long-term outcome of patients with neurologic manifestations of WNV infection. Design, Setting, and Participants From August 1 to September 2, 2002, a community-based, prospective case series was conducted in St Tammany Parish, La. Standardized clinical data were collected on patients with suspected WNV infection. Confirmed WNV-seropositive patients were reassessed at 8 months. Main Outcome Measures Clinical, neurologic, and laboratory features at initial presentation, and long-term neurologic outcome. Results Sixteen (37%) of 39 suspected cases had antibodies against WNV; 5 had meningitis, 8 had encephalitis, and 3 had poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis. Movement disorders, including tremor (15 [94%]), myoclonus (5 [31%]) and parkinsonism (11 [69%]), were common among WNV-seropositive patients. One patient died. At 8-month followup, fatigue, headache, and myalgias were persistent symptoms; gait and movement disorders persisted in 6 patients. Patients with WNV meningitis or encephalitis had favorable outcomes, although patients with acute flaccid paralysis did not recover limb strength. Conclusions Movement disorders, including tremor, myoclonus, and parkinsonism, may be present during acute illness with WNV infection. Some patients with WNV infection and meningitis or encephalitis ultimately may have good long-term outcome, although an irreversible poliomyelitis-like syndrome may result. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ochsner Clin & Alton Ochsner Med Fdn, Dept Neurol, New Orleans, LA USA. Methodist Rehabil Ctr, Ctr Neurosci & Neurol Recovery, Jackson, MS USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 277 Z9 288 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 4 BP 511 EP 515 DI 10.1001/jama.290.4.511 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 703JB UT WOS:000184275300023 PM 12876094 ER PT J AU Petersen, LR Marfin, AA Gubler, DJ AF Petersen, LR Marfin, AA Gubler, DJ TI West Nile virus SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEW-YORK; FEVER OUTBREAK; INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIC; ISRAEL; POLIOMYELITIS; ANTIBODY C1 CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept HHS, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 41 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 4 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.1001/jama.290.4.524 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 703JB UT WOS:000184275300025 PM 12876096 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Lingappa, J Leppla, SH Agrawal, S Jabbar, A Quinn, C Pulendran, B AF Agrawal, A Lingappa, J Leppla, SH Agrawal, S Jabbar, A Quinn, C Pulendran, B TI Impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by anthrax lethal toxin SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB Anthrax poses a clear and present danger as an agent of biological terrorism(1-3). Infection with Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, if untreated can result in rampant bacteraemia, multisystem dysfunction and death(4-8). Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a critical virulence factor of B. anthracis, which occurs as a complex of protective antigen and lethal factor. Here we demonstrate that LT severely impairs the function of dendritic cells-which are pivotal to the establishment of immunity against pathogens- and host immune responses by disrupting the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase intracellular signalling network. Dendritic cells exposed to LT and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide do not upregulate co-stimulatory molecules, secrete greatly diminished amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, and do not effectively stimulate antigen-specific T cells in vivo. Furthermore, injections of LT induce a profound impairment of antigen-specific T- and B-cell immunity. These data suggest a role for LT in suppressing host immunity during B. anthracis infections, and represent an immune evasion strategy, where a microbe targets MAP kinases in dendritic cells to disarm the immune response. C1 Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Microbial Pathogenesis Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Pulendran, B (reprint author), Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 30 TC 213 Z9 224 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6946 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1038/nature01794 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 701RZ UT WOS:000184183900046 PM 12867985 ER PT J AU Langkop, CW Austin, C Dworkin, M Kelly, K Messersmith, H Teclaw, R Howell, J Michael, J Pontones, P Pezzino, G Hansen, GR Wegner, MV Kazmierczak, JJ Williams, C Croft, DR Ahrabi-Fard, S Will, L Bostrom, HH Davis, JP Fleischauer, A Sotir, M Huhn, G Kanwal, R Kile, J Sejvar, J AF Langkop, CW Austin, C Dworkin, M Kelly, K Messersmith, H Teclaw, R Howell, J Michael, J Pontones, P Pezzino, G Hansen, GR Wegner, MV Kazmierczak, JJ Williams, C Croft, DR Ahrabi-Fard, S Will, L Bostrom, HH Davis, JP Fleischauer, A Sotir, M Huhn, G Kanwal, R Kile, J Sejvar, J TI Update: Multistate outbreak of monkeypox - Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 561-564, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Monkeypox Invest Team, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Monkeypox Invest Team, Topeka, KS USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Monkeypox Invest Team, Madison, WI USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Langkop, CW (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 3 BP 325 EP 327 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 699WK UT WOS:000184078800009 ER PT J AU Halpin, HA Ibrahim, J Orleans, CT Rosenthal, AC Husten, CG Pechacek, T AF Halpin, HA Ibrahim, J Orleans, CT Rosenthal, AC Husten, CG Pechacek, T TI State Medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments - United States, 1994-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 496-500, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Halpin, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth & Publ Policy Studies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 3 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 699WK UT WOS:000184078800010 ER PT J AU Strickler, HD Palefsky, JM Shah, KV Anastos, K Klein, RS Minkoff, H Duerr, A Massad, LS Celentano, DD Hall, C Fazzari, M Cu-Uvin, S Bacon, M Schuman, P Levine, AM Durante, AJ Gange, S Melnick, S Burk, RD AF Strickler, HD Palefsky, JM Shah, KV Anastos, K Klein, RS Minkoff, H Duerr, A Massad, LS Celentano, DD Hall, C Fazzari, M Cu-Uvin, S Bacon, M Schuman, P Levine, AM Durante, AJ Gange, S Melnick, S Burk, RD TI Human papillomavirus type 16 and immune status in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL CYTOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES; INFECTION; RISK; PREVALENCE; HIV; DNA; PERSISTENCE; DYSPLASIA AB Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is etiologically associated with approximately half of all cervical cancers. It is important, therefore, to determine the characteristics that distinguish HPV16 from other HPV types. A preliminary result based on cross-sectional baseline data in the Women's Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Study (WIHS) suggested that the prevalence of HPV16 might have a weaker association with immune status in HIV-seropositive women than that of other HPV types. To address this issue, we examined HPV test results from repeated study visits in the WIHS and from an independent study, the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). Methods: HIV-seropositive women in the WIHS (n = 2058) and in the HERS (n = 871) were assessed semiannually. HPV DNA was detected in cervicovaginal lavage specimens by using polymerase chain reaction assays. Prevalence ratios were used to compare the prevalence of each HPV type in women with the lowest CD4+ T-cell counts (<200 T cells/mm(3)) with that of women with the highest CD4+ T-cell counts (greater than or equal to500 T cells/mm(3)). A summary prevalence ratio for each HPV type (i.e., across visits and studies) was estimated using generalized estimating equations. The association of CD4+ T-cell stratum with type-specific HPV incidence was measured using multivariable Cox regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The prevalence ratio for HPV16 was low compared with that of other HPV types at every study visit in both cohorts. The generalized estimating equation summary prevalence ratio for HPV16 (1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97 to 1.62) was the smallest measured, and it was statistically significantly lower than that of all other HPV types combined (P = .01). The association of CD4+ T-cell stratum with HPV16 incidence was also among the smallest measured (hazard ratio = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.81). Conclusions: The prevalent and incident detection of HPV16 is more weakly associated with immune status in HIV-seropositive women than that of other HPV types, suggesting that HPV16 may be better at avoiding the effects of immune surveillance, which could contribute to HPV16's strong association with cervical cancer. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Lincoln Med Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. Maimonides Hosp, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Springfield, IL USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Washington, DC USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Strickler, HD (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, 1300 Morris Pk Ave,Belfer 1308, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. OI Durante, Amanda/0000-0002-6721-7285; Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA85178-01]; NCRR NIH HHS [5 M01-RR-00079]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI35004-07] NR 29 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 95 IS 14 BP 1062 EP 1071 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 703QB UT WOS:000184291500012 PM 12865452 ER PT J AU Akinbami, LJ Schoendorf, KC Parker, J AF Akinbami, LJ Schoendorf, KC Parker, J TI US childhood asthma prevalence estimates: The impact of the 1997 National Health Interview Survey redesign SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; child; health surveys; National Center for Health Statistics (US); prevalence ID MORTALITY AB The 1997 redesign of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) affected US childhood asthma prevalence estimates. The 1997 asthma attack prevalence estimate for children 0-17 years was 5.4%. Pre-redesign NHIS childhood asthma period prevalence estimates peaked in 1995 at 7.5%. It is unclear whether the difference reflects the change in survey methodology or changing asthma prevalence. To examine the impact of the NHIS redesign on childhood asthma prevalence estimates, the authors analyzed the 1988 NHIS that contained two sets of asthma questions: the core survey used until 1996 and the Child Health Supplement (CHS) with questions more similar to those in the redesigned 1997 NHIS. The authors measured the difference between 1988 core and CHS childhood asthma prevalence estimates to calculate an inflation factor for 1997-2000 NHIS estimates. The 1988 CHS questions produced asthma prevalence estimates 19-34% lower than the 1988 core question, depending on the methodology used to assess the difference. Inflating the 1997 asthma attack prevalence estimate by these differences yielded modified 1997 estimates ranging from 6.5% (95% confidence interval: 5.6%, 7.5%) to 7.3% (95% confidence interval: 6.4%, 8.2%). The change in the 1997 NHIS asthma questions likely explains much of the difference in asthma prevalence estimates between 1995 and 1997. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Akinbami, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 790, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 9 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg109 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701FK UT WOS:000184157400001 PM 12851220 ER PT J AU Akinbami, LJ Schoendorf, KC AF Akinbami, LJ Schoendorf, KC TI Akinbami and schoendort respond to "Asthma surveillance in US children" - The challenge of asthma surveillance and continuous health surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Akinbami, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 790, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 2 BP 108 EP 109 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg111 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701FK UT WOS:000184157400003 ER PT J AU Chapman, RS Hadden, WC Perlin, SA AF Chapman, RS Hadden, WC Perlin, SA TI Influences of asthma and household environment on lung function in children and adolescents - The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; indoor; asthma; environmental health; environmental pollutants; respiratory physiology; spirometry; tobacco smoke pollution ID INDOOR NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; TOBACCO-SMOKE EXPOSURE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; CLINICAL REMISSION; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; ATOPIC ASTHMA; CHILDHOOD; SENSITIZATION AB The authors examined influences of asthma and household environment (passive smoking, use of a gas stove, and having a dog or cat) on five measures of spirometric lung function among 8- to 16-year-old subjects, as measured cross-sectionally in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988-1994). In regression models, independent variables included asthma status, household environmental factors, age, and anthropometric measurements. Regression analyses were weighted by the NHANES III examination sample weighting factor, and results were adjusted for clustering in the sampling design. There were distinct sex differences in the results. In girls, lung function was lowest among active asthmatics taking prescription respiratory medicine, whereas lung function in other active and inactive asthmatics did not differ greatly from that in nonasthmatics. In boys, however, all groups of asthmatics had substantially lower lung function than nonasthmatics. Differences in lung function between active asthmatics and nonasthmatics were stable with increasing age. However, the lung function of inactive asthmatic girls and boys returned to and diverged from nonasthmatics' levels, respectively. In asthmatic girls, passive smoking was associated with reduced lung function; having a dog or cat was associated with increased lung function; and gas stove use was associated with reduced lung function among subjects not taking prescription respiratory medicine. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Perlin, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev 8623D, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 158 IS 2 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg129 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701FK UT WOS:000184157400012 PM 12851231 ER PT J AU Selenic, D Dodson, DR Jensen, B Arduino, MJ Panlilio, A Archibald, LK AF Selenic, D Dodson, DR Jensen, B Arduino, MJ Panlilio, A Archibald, LK TI Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections in pediatric patients traced to a hospital pharmacy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference CY APR 25, 2002 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE compounding; contamination; disease outbreaks; Enterobacteriaceae infections; gastrointestinal drugs; guidelines; injections; pediatrics; pharmacy, institutional, hospital; ranitidine; stability; sterile products; storage ID CONTAMINATED INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; EXTRINSIC CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAK; FILTRATION; MACHINE; SEPSIS; SOAP; UNIT AB The sources of an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections in a pediatric hospital were investigated, as were the risk factors for acquiring the infection. Two retrospective case-control studies were conducted. The study sample included all patients admitted to the general pediatric wards from February 5 through March 30, 2001, who had a positive blood culture for E. cloacae. Pediatric ward and pharmacy infection-control practices were reviewed, personnel and environmental cultures were obtained, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing of the bloodstream isolates was conducted. Four subjects were identified. These infants were more likely than control patients to receive i.v. ranitidine (p < 0.01). Among patients receiving i.v.. ranitidine, subjects were more likely than controls to receive i.v. ranitidine prepared by a pharmacist. No environmental or personnel cultures yielded E. cloacae. Patients' E. cloacae isolates had four different PFGE patterns, suggesting environmental rather than point-source contamination. Ranitidine multidose vials were kept connected to an automatic compounding machine for up to 48 hours at room temperature after the first dose was drawn, contrary to manufacturer recommendations. Further, preparation of ranitidine infusions was not conducted in accordance with recommendations for risk level 2 sterile i.v. products. The use of contaminated ranitidine multidose vials was the most likely cause of an outbreak of E. cloacae. However, a combination of other factors such as inadequate hand-washing techniques, presence of L cloacae in the environment, noncompliance with guidelines for the preparation of sterile infusions and medications, and a susceptible population may have contributed to the infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO USA. Regenerat Technol Inc, Alachua, FL 32616 USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Regenerat Technol Inc, 11621 Res Circle,POB 2650, Alachua, FL 32616 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 60 IS 14 BP 1440 EP 1446 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 704UA UT WOS:000184357800011 PM 12892028 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Audain, C Woolfitt, A Ospina, M Barr, J Robins, SP Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Audain, C Woolfitt, A Ospina, M Barr, J Robins, SP Myers, GL TI High-performance liquid chromatography method to analyze free and total urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pyridinoline; deoxypyridinoline; standardization; synthetic standards ID PYRIDINIUM CROSS-LINKS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; BONE-RESORPTION; COLLAGEN DEGRADATION; TURNOVER; DISEASE; DENSITY AB The pyridinium cross-links pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) are established markers of bone resorption measured in blood and urine and are used to investigate bone metabolism and manage bone diseases. Unfortunately, the currently observed interlaboratory variability caused by inconsistent assay calibration limits the optimal use of these markers. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based assay was developed using synthetic PYD and DPD as calibrators to analyze free and total PYD and DPD in urine. The spectroscopic characteristics of the synthetic calibrators were identical to those of calibrators isolated from bone. The mean intraassay variabilities of the HPLC method were 4.1 and 3.8%, respectively, for total DPD and PYD and 9.8 and 9.5%, respectively, for free DPD and PYD. The mean interassay variabilities were 9.1 and 8.2% for total DPD and PYD and 8.6 and 7.0% for free DPD and PYD, respectively. The mean recoveries were 98.1% for total DPD, 100.8% for total PYD, 98.6% for free DPD, and 94.9% for free PYD. The method exhibits a good correlation with a commercial immunoassay and with other HPLC assays currently used in hospital laboratories. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 318 IS 2 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0003-2697(03)00241-0 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 694QG UT WOS:000183785000005 PM 12814623 ER PT J AU Fulginiti, VA Papier, A Lane, JM Neff, JM Henderson, DA AF Fulginiti, VA Papier, A Lane, JM Neff, JM Henderson, DA TI Smallpox vaccination: A review, part I. Background, vaccination technique, normal vaccination and revaccination, and expected normal reactions SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID VACCINIA VIRUS; RESPONSES; DISEASE; EUROPE AB Because smallpox could be a factor in bioterrorism, the United States has provided guidelines for smallpox vaccination of certain members of the population, including health care workers and first responders, as well as military personnel. A plan for more extensive vaccination, if it is needed in the event of a bioterrorist attack, is being developed under the aegis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The characteristics of smallpox vaccine, the technique of administration, and the expected reactions to primary vaccination and revaccination are outlined in this article. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Ctr Children Special Needs, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fulginiti, VA (reprint author), 4111 E Via Del Cuculin, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1086/375824 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 700DZ UT WOS:000184098500013 PM 12856217 ER PT J AU Fulginiti, VA Papier, A Lane, JM Neff, JM Henderson, DA AF Fulginiti, VA Papier, A Lane, JM Neff, JM Henderson, DA TI Smallpox vaccination: A review, part II. Adverse events SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; UNITED STATES 1963; GAMMA-GLOBULIN; PROGRESSIVE VACCINIA; ECZEMA VACCINATUM; DARIERS-DISEASE; COMPLICATIONS; INFECTION; KERATITIS AB Smallpox vaccination of health care workers, military personnel, and some first responders has begun in the United States in 2002-2003 as one aspect of biopreparedness. Full understanding of the spectrum of adverse events and of their cause, frequency, identification, prevention, and treatment is imperative. This article describes known and suspected adverse events occurring after smallpox vaccination. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Ctr Children Special Needs, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fulginiti, VA (reprint author), 4111 E Via Del Cuculin, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. NR 68 TC 149 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 251 EP 271 DI 10.1086/375825 PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 700DZ UT WOS:000184098500014 PM 12856218 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Kazembe, PN Nwanyanwu, O Mwansambo, C Reller, LB Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Kazembe, PN Nwanyanwu, O Mwansambo, C Reller, LB Jarvis, WR TI Epidemiology of bloodstream infections in a bacille Calmette-Guerin-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED BACTEREMIA; AFRICAN CHILDREN; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; HIV; ADULTS; FUNGEMIA; SEPTICEMIA; DISEASE AB The risk of Mycobacterium bovis bloodstream infection (BSI) in bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains uncharacterized. We studied pediatric inpatients during the 1998 dry season in Malawi. After a detailed clinical evaluation, blood was drawn for culture and HIV testing. Of 229 children, 128 (56%) were male, 35 (15.3%) had BSI, and 30% of children aged >1.5 years (median, 2.7 years; range, 1 month-13 years) had HIV infection. The predominant pathogen was non-typhi Salmonella; neither Mycobacterium tuberculosis nor M. bovis was isolated. A diagnosis of malnutrition or sepsis was predictive of BSI; malnutrition alone correlated with both death and BSI. The bloodstream dissemination of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG is uncommon in HIV-infected children vaccinated with BCG. Correlates such as malnutrition or sepsis can provide algorithms for identifying children who need observation or empirical antimicrobial therapy for BSI in the absence of appropriate laboratory testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Lilongwe, Malawi. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Regenerat Technol Inc, 11621 Res Circle,POB 2650, Alachua, FL 32618 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1086/376507 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 699HT UT WOS:000184051500003 PM 12854074 ER PT J AU Pinchoff, RJ Kaufman, SS Magid, MS Erdman, DD Gondolesi, GE Mendelson, MH Tane, K Jenkins, SG Fishbein, TM Herold, BC AF Pinchoff, RJ Kaufman, SS Magid, MS Erdman, DD Gondolesi, GE Mendelson, MH Tane, K Jenkins, SG Fishbein, TM Herold, BC TI Adenovirus infection in pediatric small bowel transplantation recipients SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION; HEPATITIS; PATHOLOGY; CHILDREN AB Background. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of adenoviral infection in pediatric small bowel transplantation (SBT) recipients, examine risk factors for progression to histologic disease, and examine the impact of adenovirus on outcome. Methods. Beginning in July 2000, all SBT recipients had viral cultures for adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) obtained routinely during graft biopsies. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed for frequency and site of viral culture, types and doses of immunosuppressive drugs, episodes of rejection, histology of allograft biopsies, and other infections. Adenoviral isolates were typed by polymerase chain reaction and type-specific neutralization assays. Results. All 14 SBT recipients who met enrollment criteria had evidence of adenoviral. infection (intestinal graft, 13; liver graft, 1). Eight of 14 developed histologic disease with identifiable adenoviral intranuclear inclusions. In contrast, CMV enteritis was identified in only one patient, who subsequently also developed adenoviral disease. No other viruses were detected. Adenoviral cultures were first positive within 30 days of transplant in nine. Patients with histologic disease were more likely than those without to have received intensive corticosteroid therapy (P<0.007), had virus isolated from more than one site (P=0.03), and had persistent positive cultures (P<0.01). Conclusions. Adenovirus was commonly isolated from children undergoing intestinal transplantation. Progression to disease may be associated with more intensive immunosuppressive therapy and inability to clear virus. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Recanati Miller Transplantat Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herold, BC (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Box 1657,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 76 IS 1 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1097/01.TP.0000072808.93060.0F PG 7 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 703BW UT WOS:000184261000031 PM 12865807 ER PT J AU Reyes, M Nisenbaum, R Hoaglin, DC Unger, ER Emmons, C Randall, C Stewart, JA Abbey, S Jones, JF Gantz, N Minden, S Reeves, WC AF Reyes, M Nisenbaum, R Hoaglin, DC Unger, ER Emmons, C Randall, C Stewart, JA Abbey, S Jones, JF Gantz, N Minden, S Reeves, WC TI Prevalence and incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome in Wichita, Kansas SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; DEFINITION; PROGNOSIS AB Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating illness with no known cause or effective therapy. Population-based epidemiologic data on CFS prevalence and incidence are critical to put CFS in a realistic context for public health officials and others responsible for allocating resources and for practicing physicians when examining and caring for patients. Methods: We conducted a random digit-dialing survey and clinical examination to estimate the prevalence of CFS in the general population of Wichita, Kan, and a I-year follow-up telephone interview and clinical examination to estimate the incidence of CFS. The survey included 33997 households representing 90316 residents. This report focuses on 7162 respondents aged 18 to 69 years. Fatigued (n=3528) and randomly selected nonfatigued (n=3634) respondents completed telephone questionnaires concerning fatigue, other symptoms, and medical history. The clinical examination included the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, laboratory testing, and a physical examination. Results: The overall weighted point prevalence of CFS, adjusted for nonresponse, was 235 per 100000 persons (95% confidence interval, 142-327 per 100 000 persons) The prevalence of CFS was higher among women, 373 per 100000 persons (95% confidence interval, 210-536 per 100 000 persons), than among men, 83 per 100 000 persons (95% confidence interval, 15-150 per 100000 persons). Among subjects nonfatigued and fatigued for less than 6 months, the I-year incidence of CFS was 180 per 100000 persons (95% confidence interval, 0-466 per 100000 persons). Conclusions: Chronic fatigue syndrome constitutes a major public health problem. Longitudinal follow-up of this cohort will be used to further evaluate the natural history of this illness. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. Natl Jewish Ctr Immunol & Resp Med, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Pinnacle Hlth, Harrisburg, PA USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcr1@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 24 TC 183 Z9 186 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 13 BP 1530 EP 1536 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.13.1530 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 701HL UT WOS:000184162100004 PM 12860574 ER PT J AU Newton, PN Dondorp, A Green, M Mayxay, M White, NJ AF Newton, PN Dondorp, A Green, M Mayxay, M White, NJ TI Counterfeit artesunate antimalarials in southeast Asia SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp Oxford Trop Med Res C, Viangchan, Laos. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP White, NJ (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 NR 5 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 4 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 12 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9378 BP 169 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13872-X PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 699ZY UT WOS:000184089200028 PM 12867121 ER PT J AU McLendon, MM Shinnick, TM AF McLendon, MM Shinnick, TM TI I-TRAP: A method to identify transcriptional regulator activated promoters SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; RNA-POLYMERASE; IDENTIFICATION; SURVIVAL AB Background: The differential expression of virulence genes is often used by microbial pathogens in adapting to the environment of their host. The differential expression of such sets of genes can be regulated by RNA polymerase sigma factors. Some sigma factors are differentially expressed, which can provide a means to identifying other differentially expressed genes such as those whose expression are controlled by the sigma factor. Methods: To identify sigma factor-regulated genes, we developed a method, termed I-TRAP, for the identification of transcriptional regulator activated promoters. The I-TRAP method is based on the fact that some genes will be differentially expressed in the presence and absence of a transcriptional regulator. I-TRAP uses a DNA library in a promoter-trap vector that contains two reporter genes, one to allow the selection of active promoters in the presence of the transcriptional regulator and a second to allow screening for promoter activity in the absence of the transcriptional regulator. Results: To illustrate the development and use of the I-TRAP approach, the construction of the vectors, host strains, and library necessary to identify SigmaE-regulated genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is described. Conclusion: The I-TRAP method should be a versatile and useful method for identifying and characterizing promoter activity under a variety of conditions and in response to various regulatory proteins. In our study, we isolated 360 clones that may contain plasmids carrying SigmaE-regulated promoters genes of M. tuberculosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM molly-mclendon@uiowa.edu; tms1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 3 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-3-15 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 711UP UT WOS:000184759700001 PM 12857350 ER PT J AU Ryan, PR Arana, BA Ryan, JR Wirtz, RA Wortmann, GW Rizzo, NR AF Ryan, PR Arana, BA Ryan, JR Wirtz, RA Wortmann, GW Rizzo, NR TI The domestic dog, a potential reservoir for Leishmania in the Peten Region of Guatemala SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis familiaris; Leishmania; dog; leishmaniasis; reservoir; histopathology; serology; fluorogenic PCR ID CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; BRAZILIENSIS; MEXICANA; PCR AB In the present study, domestic dogs in a Leishmania endemic area in the Peten Region of Guatemala were sampled to determine if they are a potential reservoir for Leishmania parasites. Blood from 100 dogs from six villages was tested with two different antibody-capture assays for Leishmania-specific antibodies and a 28% seroprevalence was determined. Tissue scrapings from six dogs presenting with chronic lesions characteristic of Leishmania infection were sampled and four dogs were positive by a genus-specific fluorogenic PCR assay. Histopathology by giemsa stain confirmed the presence of amastigotes in one of these dogs. These findings support the hypothesis that dogs may play an important role in the transmission of Leishmania in a region where no mammal has ever been implicated as a reservoir. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Ryan, JR (reprint author), 120 Beth Court, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 115 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00158-4 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 705JF UT WOS:000184391400001 PM 12860062 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Severe acute respiratory syndrome - United States, June 18, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR vol 52, pg 570, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, SARS Investigat Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, SARS Investigat Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 2 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 698GH UT WOS:000183989800008 ER PT J AU LaPorte, T Heisey-Grove, D Kludt, P Matyas, BT DeMaria, A Dicker, R De, A Fiore, A Nainan, O Friedman, DS AF LaPorte, T Heisey-Grove, D Kludt, P Matyas, BT DeMaria, A Dicker, R De, A Fiore, A Nainan, O Friedman, DS TI Foodborne transmission of hepatitis A - Massachusetts, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR vol 52, pg 565-567, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OUTBREAK C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LaPorte, T (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 2 BP 186 EP 188 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 698GH UT WOS:000183989800009 ER PT J CA CDC TI Progress toward global eradication of poliomyelitis, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR vol 52, pg 366, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 2 BP 188 EP 190 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 698GH UT WOS:000183989800010 ER PT J AU Feng, XR Carlton, JM Joy, DA Mu, JB Furuya, T Suh, BB Wang, YF Barnwell, JW Su, XZ AF Feng, XR Carlton, JM Joy, DA Mu, JB Furuya, T Suh, BB Wang, YF Barnwell, JW Su, XZ TI Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genome diversity in Plasmodium vivax SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; FALCIPARUM; SEQUENCE; GENES; MAP; CHLOROQUINE; STRAIN; CHIMPANZEES; SELECTION; EVOLUTION AB The study of genetic variation in malaria parasites has practical significance for developing strategies to control the disease. Vaccines based on highly polymorphic antigens may be confounded by allelic restriction of the host immune response. In response to drug pressure, a highly plastic genome may generate resistant mutants more easily than a monomorphic one. Additionally, the study of the distribution of genomic polymorphisms may provide information leading to the identification of genes associated with traits such as parasite development and drug resistance. Indeed, the age and diversity of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been the subject of recent debate, because an ancient parasite with a complex genome is expected to present greater challenges for drug and vaccine development. The genome diversity of the important human pathogen Plasmodium vivax, however, remains essentially unknown. Here we analyze an approximate to100-kb contiguous chromosome segment from five isolates, revealing 191 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 44 size polymorphisms. The SNPs are not evenly distributed across the segment with blocks of high and low diversity. Whereas the majority (approximate to63%) of the SNPs are in intergenic regions, introns contain significantly less SNPs than intergenic sequences. Polymorphic tandem repeats are abundant and are more uniformly distributed at a frequency of about one polymorphic tandem repeat per 3 kb. These data show that A vivax has a highly diverse genome, and provide useful information for further understanding the genome diversity of the parasite. C1 NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Inst Genomic Res, Parasite Genomic Grp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Amer Type Culture Collect, Dept Bioinformat, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Su, XZ (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI feng, xiaorong/G-4811-2010; Furuya, Tetsuya/J-5916-2013; Furuya, Tetsuya/H-2412-2013; OI feng, xiaorong/0000-0001-8410-3020; Furuya, Tetsuya/0000-0003-3979-7072; Su, Xinzhuan/0000-0003-3246-3248 NR 48 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 14 BP 8502 EP 8507 DI 10.1073/pnas.1232502100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 702KF UT WOS:000184222500083 PM 12799466 ER PT J AU Jones, G Steketee, RW Black, RE Bhutta, ZA Morris, SS AF Jones, G Steketee, RW Black, RE Bhutta, ZA Morris, SS CA Bellagio Child Survival Study Grp TI How many child deaths can we prevent this year? SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION; ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY; TREATED BED NETS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; WESTERN KENYA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; TETANUS AB This is the second of five papers in the child survival series. The first focused on continuing high rates of child mortality (over 10 million each year) from preventable causes: diarrhoea, pneumonia, measles, malaria, HIV/AIDS, the underlying cause of undernutrition, and a small group of causes leading to neonatal deaths. We review child survival interventions feasible for delivery at high coverage in low-income. settings, and classify these as level 1 (sufficient evidence of effect), level 2 (limited evidence), or level 3 (inadequate evidence). Our results show that at least one level-1 intervention is available for preventing or treating each main cause of death among children younger than 5 years, apart from birth asphyxia, for which a level-2 intervention is available. There is also limited evidence for several other interventions. However, global coverage for most interventions is below 50%. If level 1 or 2 interventions were universally available, 63% of child deaths could be prevented. These findings show that the interventions needed to achieve the millennium development goal of reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015 are available, but that they are not being delivered to the mothers and children who need them. C1 UN Childrens Fund, Div Policy & Planning, New York, NY 10017 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat, Karachi, Pakistan. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Publ Hlth Nutr Unit, London WC1, England. RP Jones, G (reprint author), UN Childrens Fund, Div Policy & Planning, 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 62 TC 1081 Z9 1129 U1 4 U2 59 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 5 PY 2003 VL 362 IS 9377 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13811-1 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 699KW UT WOS:000184056900026 PM 12853204 ER PT J AU Leroy, V Karon, JM Alioum, A Ekpini, ER de Perre, P Greenberg, AE Msellati, P Hudgens, M Dabis, F Wiktor, SZ AF Leroy, V Karon, JM Alioum, A Ekpini, ER de Perre, P Greenberg, AE Msellati, P Hudgens, M Dabis, F Wiktor, SZ CA W Africa PMTCT Study Grp TI Postnatal transmission of HIV-1 after a maternal short-course zidovudine peripartum regimen in West Africa SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; postnatal transmission; zidovudine ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; TRUNCATED DATA; COTE-DIVOIRE; EFFICACY; TRIAL; PREVENTION; INFECTION; COUNTRIES; SURVIVAL AB Background: To assess the Postnatal transmission (PT) risk of HIV-1 after a maternal short-course zidovudine regimen in a breastfeeding population. Methods: Data were pooled from two trials: ANRS 049a DITRAME (Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso) and RETROCI (Abidjan). Consenting HIV-1 seropositive women were randomized at 36-38 weeks' gestation between September 1995 and February 1998, to receive oral zidovudine or placebo: one tablet twice daily until delivery, and in DITRAME only, for 7 more days. A PT case was infection in a child with a negative HIV-1 PCR at age greater than or equal to 30 days who later became infected as defined by a positive HIV-1 PCR, or if aged greater than or equal to 15 months, a positive HIV serology. Cumulative risks (CR) of PT were computed using a competing risk approach with weaning as a competing event. Findings: At age 24 months, CR for PT were similar in the zidovudine (9.8%, n = 254) and placebo groups (9.1 %, n = 225). In a multivariate model of PT risk factors, the treatment effect was not significant, maternal CD4 cell count < 500 x 10(6)/l at entry tripled the hazard compared to women with CD4 cell counts greater than or equal to 500 x 10(6)/l [hazard ratio (HR), 3.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31 -7.49] as well as an increased maternal plasma viral load at entry (HR, 2.65 for 1 log(10) increase; CI, 1.75-4.00). Interpretation: PT occurred at a similar rate between arms and therefore reduced the long-term overall efficacy of this peripartum zidovudine regimen at age 24 months. The higher risk of PT among women with low CD4 cell count emphasizes the importance of identifying interventions to prevent PT for these women. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U593, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Projet RETROCI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. OCCGE, Ctr Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. IRD, UMR D 151, Marseille, France. PAC CI Programme Abidjan, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Leroy, V (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U593, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. RI Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008; Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013 OI Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427; Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616 NR 27 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1493 EP 1501 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000072652.21517.c4 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 705XB UT WOS:000184420900010 PM 12824787 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Bruden, DA Cagle, HH McMahon, BJ Negus, SE Christensen, CJ Snowball, MM Bulkow, LR Fox-Leyva, LK AF Williams, JL Bruden, DA Cagle, HH McMahon, BJ Negus, SE Christensen, CJ Snowball, MM Bulkow, LR Fox-Leyva, LK TI Hepatitis A vaccine: immunogenicity following administration of a delayed immunization schedule in infants, children and adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A vaccine; immunization schedule; delayed booster dose ID SAFETY; ALASKA AB Current immunization schedules for hepatitis A vaccine specify administration of a booster within 6-12 or 6-18 months of the primary dose. However, there may be circumstances that disrupt this schedule and the efficacy of administering a booster beyond the recommended time is a practical concern for healthcare providers. In this study, a booster was administered to 268 participants (137: < 18 years old), an average of 27 months (range 20-31) after the primary dose. In those tested after the booster, the median anti-HAV GMT was 1544 milli-international units per milliliter (mIU/ml). Response to a delayed booster was strong in children over 2 years old (GMT 1500-1960mIU/ml) and adults (GMT 1622mIU/ml), but was significantly lower in children under 2 years old (GMT 1109 mIU/ml). Findings suggest a booster administered 20-31 months after the primary dose is immunogenic and GMT in persons >2 years of age were comparable to those seen in adults and children who receive hepatitis A vaccine per schedule. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alaska Native Med Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Williams, JL (reprint author), Alaska Native Med Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Program, 4315 Diplomacy Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 23 BP 3208 EP 3211 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00250-0 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 699EP UT WOS:000184043200016 PM 12804849 ER PT J AU Jodar, L Butler, J Carlone, G Dagan, R Goldblatt, D Kayhty, H Klugman, K Plikaytis, B Siber, G Kohberger, R Chang, I Cherian, T AF Jodar, L Butler, J Carlone, G Dagan, R Goldblatt, D Kayhty, H Klugman, K Plikaytis, B Siber, G Kohberger, R Chang, I Cherian, T TI Serological criteria for evaluation and licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulations for use in infants SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; conjugate vaccine; correlates of protection ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; POLYSACCHARIDE IMMUNE GLOBULIN; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; OPSONOPHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY; COMBINATION VACCINES/; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; AVIDITY; SAFETY AB The World Health Organization (WHO) is undertaking a series of consultations on serological criteria for the evaluation and licensure of new formulations/combinations or different vaccination schedules of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. The lack of a definitive serological correlate of protection and the multiplicity of antigens involved, especially since the clinical efficacy of most of the individual serotypes represented in the only licensed vaccine has not been established, are hindering the formulation of criteria for licensure of new formulations or combinations of the vaccine. This report analyses the various options with their relative merits and drawbacks and provides preliminary recommendations as guidance to regulatory agencies in evaluating these vaccines for the purposes of licensure. More detailed recommendations for production and control of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, including criteria for evaluation for licensure, are currently being drafted. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Soroka Med Ctr, Negev, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Negev, Israel. Inst Child Hlth, London, England. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Pearl River, NY USA. RP Cherian, T (reprint author), WHO, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RI Goldblatt, David/C-5972-2008 OI Goldblatt, David/0000-0002-0769-5242 NR 32 TC 199 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 23 BP 3265 EP 3272 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00230-5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 699EP UT WOS:000184043200024 PM 12804857 ER PT J AU Melski, J Reed, K Stratman, E Graham, MB Fairley, J Edmiston, C Kehl, KS Foldy, SL Swain, GR Biedrzycki, P Gieryn, D Ernst, K Schier, D Tomasello, C Ove, J Rausch, D Healy-Haney, N Kreuser, N Wegner, MV Kazmierczak, JJ Williams, C Croft, DR Bostrom, HH Davis, JP Ehlenfeldt, R Kirk, C Dworkin, M Conover, C Teclaw, R Messersmith, H Sotir, MJ Huhn, G Fleischauer, AT AF Melski, J Reed, K Stratman, E Graham, MB Fairley, J Edmiston, C Kehl, KS Foldy, SL Swain, GR Biedrzycki, P Gieryn, D Ernst, K Schier, D Tomasello, C Ove, J Rausch, D Healy-Haney, N Kreuser, N Wegner, MV Kazmierczak, JJ Williams, C Croft, DR Bostrom, HH Davis, JP Ehlenfeldt, R Kirk, C Dworkin, M Conover, C Teclaw, R Messersmith, H Sotir, MJ Huhn, G Fleischauer, AT TI Multistate outbreak of monkeypox - Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 537-540, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID VIRUS C1 Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Marshfield Labs, Marshfield, WI USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Milwaukee Hlth Dept, Milwaukee, WI USA. Milwaukee Waukesja Consortium Emergency Publ Hlth, Milwaukee, WI USA. Oak Creek Hlth Dept, Oak Creek, WI USA. Shorewood Whitefish Bay Hlth Dept, Shorewood, WI USA. S Milwaukee Hlth Dept, S Milwaukee, WI USA. Waukesha Cty Hlth Dept, Waukesha, WI USA. Wauwatosa Hlth Dept, Wauwatosa, WI USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Wisconsin Dept Agr Trade & Consumer Protect, Madison, WI USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Monkeypox Invest Team, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Melski, J (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 1 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 696CR UT WOS:000183868600007 ER PT J AU Ballesteros, MF Budnitz, DS Sanford, CP Gilchrist, J Agyekum, GA Butts, J AF Ballesteros, MF Budnitz, DS Sanford, CP Gilchrist, J Agyekum, GA Butts, J TI Increase in deaths due to methadone in North Carolina SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID PAIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Injury & Violence Prevent Unit, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ballesteros, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 290 IS 1 BP 40 EP 40 DI 10.1001/jama.290.1.40 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 696CR UT WOS:000183868600017 PM 12837709 ER PT J AU Adje-Toure, C Celestin, B Hanson, D Roels, TH Hertogs, K Larder, B Diomande, F Peeters, M Eholie, S Lackritz, E Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN AF Adje-Toure, C Celestin, B Hanson, D Roels, TH Hertogs, K Larder, B Diomande, F Peeters, M Eholie, S Lackritz, E Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN TI Prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic HIV-1 drug-resistant strains among patients who have rebound in viral load while receiving antiretroviral therapy in the UNAIDS-Drug Access Initiative in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; antiretroviral; drug resistance; HIV-1; viral load rebound ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; COMBINATION THERAPY; INHIBITORS; DIDANOSINE; INFECTION; STAVUDINE; PROTEASE AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic antiretroviral (ARV) drug-resistant HIV-1 strains among patients with viral load rebound while receiving ARV therapy in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Methods: Between August 1998 and April 2000, we selected all patients (n = 241) who had received ARV drug therapy for at least 6 months in the UNAIDS-Drug Access Initiative (DAI), in Abidjan. We analyzed for genotypic and phenotypic drug resistance among 97 (40%) of the 241 patients who had a rebound in plasma viral load, defined as an initial decrease of > 0.5 log(10) copies/ml followed by a subsequent increase of > 0.25 log(10) copies/ml. Results: Of the viruses isolated from the 97 patients, 86 (88.7%) had usable sequences and 68 (79%) of the 86 patients had genotypic resistance to at least one reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) or protease inhibitor (PI). Resistant mutations were found for zidovudine in 50 (78%) of 64 patients who had received the drug, 11 (68.7%) of 16 patients on lamivudine, for nevirapine in two (2%), for indinavir in one (1%), and for ritonavir in one (1%). Phenotypic resistance to at least one nucleoside RTI was seen in 45 (56%) of the 80 patients tested, to non-nucleoside RTIs in eight (10%), and to PIs in one (1.3%). Multivariate regression analysis showed factors associated with resistance to be initial treatment with dual therapy (P = 0.04) compared with highly active antiretroviral therapy, and maximal initial viral load response (P = 0.006). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of ARV drug resistance associated with dual ARV therapy. These results indicate the limited role for dual ARV therapy. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Project RETRO CI, Virol Lab, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. VIRCO NV, Mechelen, Belgium. VIRCO, Cambridge, England. IRD, Retrovirus Lab, Montpellier, France. Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Clin, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Project RETRO CI, Virol Lab, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 SU 3 BP S23 EP S29 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 712FC UT WOS:000184785700004 PM 14565606 ER PT J AU Adje-Toure, CA Cheingsong, R Garcia-Lerma, JG Eholie, S Borget, MY Bouchez, JM Otten, RA Maurice, C Sassan-Morokro, M Ekpini, RE Nolan, M Chorba, T Heneine, W Nkengasong, JN AF Adje-Toure, CA Cheingsong, R Garcia-Lerma, JG Eholie, S Borget, MY Bouchez, JM Otten, RA Maurice, C Sassan-Morokro, M Ekpini, RE Nolan, M Chorba, T Heneine, W Nkengasong, JN TI Antiretroviral therapy in HIV-2-infected patients: changes in plasma viral load, CD4+cell counts, and drug resistance profiles of patients treated in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE genotypic mutations; HIV-2; indivavir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy; nelfinavir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy; phenotypic resistance; viral load response ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-2 INFECTION; IVORY-COAST; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; DUAL INFECTION; MUTATIONS; EMERGENCE; DISEASE AB Objective: To describe changes in plasma viral load, CD4+ cell counts, and drug resistance profiles of HIV-2-infected patients receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Methods: Consecutive blood samples were collected from 18 HIV-2-infected ARV-naive patients who had received ARV therapy in the UNAIDS drug access initiative (UNAIDS-DAI) in Abidjan between August 1998 and July 2000. Changes in HIV-2 plasma viral load, CD4+ cell counts, and genotypic and phenotypic drug resistance testing were determined. Results: At baseline, 11 (61%) of the 18 patients initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and seven (39%) received dual therapy. No significant change in median viral load was observed at 2 months (P = 0.09), at 6 months (P = 0.06), and at 12 months of therapy (P = 0.26). No significant increase in CD4+ cell counts was observed at 12 months (P = 0.10). All four patients on indinavir-containing HAART had undetectable viral loads at 2-4 months of therapy. However, none of seven patients on nelfinavir-containing HAART had a substantial decrease in viral load. Viruses from 14 patients were analyzed, 12 of which (86%) had at least one primary resistance mutation that is known to confer resistance to HIV-1 virus. Three patients had the multi-drug-resistant mutation, Q151M, two of whom showed reduced susceptibility to zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine and zalcitabine. Conclusion: Our limited findings show that nelfinavir-containing regimens may have limited virologic benefit to HIV-2-infected patients. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Teaching Hosp, Infect Dis Clin, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. EM jcn5@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 SU 3 BP S49 EP S54 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 712FC UT WOS:000184785700007 PM 14565609 ER PT J AU Diomande, FVK Bissagnene, E Nkengasong, JN Maurice, C Monga, B Laga, M Nolan, ML AF Diomande, FVK Bissagnene, E Nkengasong, JN Maurice, C Monga, B Laga, M Nolan, ML TI The most efficient use of resources to identify those in need of antiretroviral treatment in Africa: empirical data from Cote d'Ivoire's Drug Access Initiative SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; AIDS; antiretroviral treatment; CD4 cell count; clinical; Cote d'Ivoire; eligibility; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV infection; Ivory Coast; viral load ID HIV/AIDS TREATMENT; THERAPY; CHALLENGES AB Objective: To describe the cost and outcome associated with the use of CD4 cell count and viral load tests as part of screening strategies to identify persons eligible for subsidized antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cote d'Ivoire. Methods: Empirical data from the Drug Access Initiative in Cote d'Ivoire (DAI-CI) were used to describe the laboratory cost of patient screening using sequential clinical staging, CD4 cell count, and viral load and the proportion of screened patients identified as eligible for ART. We also estimated costs modelling a parallel screening algorithm, across a range of laboratory costs and with current international recommendations to assess treatment eligibility. Benefit was defined as being found eligible for ART. Results: Of the 2138 HIV-positive, ART-naive, adults who presented to the DAI-CI between July 1998 and July 2000, median CD4 cell count was 172 x 10(6) cells/mul. DAI-CI criteria identified 2057 (96%) of these persons eligible for antiretroviral treatment. In a serial screening algorithm, 75% were eligible by CDC clinical stage B or C; 18% by CD4 cell count less than 500 x 10(6) cells/mul; and an estimated 3.9% by a viral load greater than 10 000 copies/ml. Use of the current US recommendations and a serial algorithm would have resulted in 1977 (92%) persons eligible for ART: 75% by CDC clinical stage B or C; 15% by CD4 cell count less than 350 x 10(6) cells/mul (including 8% < 200 x 10(6) cells/mul); and an estimated 3.6% due to viral load greater than 55 000 copies/ml. Using DAI-CI criteria and heavily subsidized laboratory test costs, the addition of CD4 cell count to clinical criteria cost US$50 (serial algorithm) and US$203 (parallel algorithm) to identify each additional eligible person. Modelling current recommendations with a serial algorithm, CD4 cell count cost an average US$62/eligible person (US recommendations) and US$109 (WHO recommendations). The addition of viral load cost between US$108 (serial algorithm DAI) to US$1700 (parallel algorithm DAI) to identify each additional eligible person. Conclusion: In the African context of scarce resources and the huge unmet demands for voluntary HIV testing and for ART, simple screening strategies are needed to identify those most in need of ART. Health personnel should be trained to identify and refer clinically symptomatic persons. Viral load testing is of high cost and dubious benefit and should not be part of screening algorithms for initiating ART. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Project RETRO CI, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Minist Hlth, Natl Initiat Access Therapy HIV Infected Persons, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Diomande, FVK (reprint author), Project RETRO CI, 05 Rue Jesse Owens,01 BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 SU 3 BP S87 EP S93 DI 10.1097/00002030-200317003-00012 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 712FC UT WOS:000184785700012 PM 14565614 ER PT J AU Djomand, G Roels, T Ellerbrock, T Hanson, D Diomande, F Monga, B Maurice, C Nkengasong, J Konan-Koko, R Kadio, A Wiktor, S Lackritz, E Saba, J Chorba, T AF Djomand, G Roels, T Ellerbrock, T Hanson, D Diomande, F Monga, B Maurice, C Nkengasong, J Konan-Koko, R Kadio, A Wiktor, S Lackritz, E Saba, J Chorba, T TI Virologic and immunologic outcomes and programmatic challenges of an antiretroviral treatment pilot project in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; AIDS; antiretroviral treatment; Cote d'Ivoire; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV infection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 HIV-1; IVORY-COAST; SUBTYPE-A; THERAPY; COMBINATION; ZIDOVUDINE; INFECTION; ASSAYS; ADULTS AB Background: In Cote d'Ivoire, a pilot project was developed by UNAIDS and the Ministry of Health to improve access to AIDS care, including antiretroviral therapy, for adults and children infected with HIV. This evaluation of the project is the first to provide results of a large number of HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in West Africa. Methods: We evaluated records of persons who presented for care from August 1998 to August 2000 at six accredited centers in Abidjan. Patients were treated with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2NRTI) or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results: Of 2878 patients who were screened, 2351 (83%) were HIV-infected and eligible (CD4 T lymphocyte count < 500 x 10(6) cells/l or plasma HIV-RNA level > 10 000 copies/ml) for antiretroviral therapy. Of those who were eligible, 81 % were symptomatic, 63% had a CD4 cell count < 200 x 10(6) cells/l, 12% had previously taken antiretroviral drugs, and 56% returned to the clinic for follow-up. Of the patients screened, 768 (27%) were started on antiretroviral therapy, including 450 on HAART, 296 on 2NRTI, and 22 on other regimens. We analyzed data from 480; HIV-1-infected adults, who were naive to therapy, were prescribed HAART or 2NRTI, and had at least one clinic visit after starting therapy. In an intent-to-treat analysis of patients who received HAART, the estimated plasma HIV-1 RNA level was approximately 1.9log(10)copies/ml (80-fold) lower, while estimated CD4 cell count was > 100 x 10(6) cells/l higher than baseline values, after 1 year of therapy. Approximately 25% of adults on 2NRTI and 50% of those on HAART had < 200 copies/ml, after 1 year of therapy. The probability of an adverse event occurring within 6 months after starting therapy was 0.20. The probability of survival for at least 1 year was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.89). Conclusion: After starting antiretroviral therapy, these HIV-1-infected patients in West Africa had similar virologic and immunologic outcomes, probability of an adverse event, and estimated survival, as patients enrolled in clinical trials in the USA and Europe. However, only one-third of eligible patients received therapy, highlighting the importance of providing adequate education and support for initiating and adhering to therapy in this and similar programmes. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CDCP, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Hosp Univ Treichville, Serv Malad Infect & Trop, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Djomand, G (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, 1100 Fairview Ave N,J3-100,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NR 26 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 SU 3 BP S5 EP S15 DI 10.1097/00002030-200317003-00002 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 712FC UT WOS:000184785700002 PM 14565604 ER PT J AU Koblavi-Deme, S Maran, M Kabran, N Borget, MY Kalou, M Kestens, L Maurice, C Sassan-Morokro, M Ekpini, ER Roels, TH Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN AF Koblavi-Deme, S Maran, M Kabran, N Borget, MY Kalou, M Kestens, L Maurice, C Sassan-Morokro, M Ekpini, ER Roels, TH Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN TI Changes in levels of immune activation and reconstitution markers among HIV-1-infected Africans receiving antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; CD62L; CD38; HIV-1; HLA-DR; immune activation; immune reconstitution; viral load ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; HIV-1 INFECTION; T-CELLS; TYPE-1 HIV-1; COTE-DIVOIRE; ABIDJAN; SUBSETS; INDINAVIR; NUMBERS; ADULTS AB Objective: To describe changes in immune activation and reconstitution markers among HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Methods: Between November 1998 and February 2001, we analyzed changes in immune activation and reconstitution markers among 52 patients. Good virologic responders (n = 26) were defined as those who had suppressed and maintained plasma viral load (VL) below the detection limit of the assay for at least 12 months. Poor virologic responders (n = 26) were defined as those with a detectable VL at 6 and 12 months after beginning ART. Results: Of the 26 good virologic responders, 20 (77%) were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared with one (4%) of the poor responders. Among the 26 good responders, baseline median levels of CD38+CD8+ T cells were elevated, but had decreased significantly at 6 months (P < 0.001) and at 12 months of therapy (P < 0.001). Median levels of HLA-DR+CD8+ T cells also decreased from baseline at 6 months (P < 0.001) and at 12 months of therapy (P < 0.001). Levels of CD62L+CD4+ T cells increased steadily during the 6 and 12 months of therapy and reached levels observed among HIV-negative blood donors (P = 0.07). Among the 26 poor responders, median levels of CD38+CD8+ T cells decreased significantly at 12 months of therapy (P = 0.006), but were higher than levels in blood donors (P = 0.005). Levels of HLA-DR+CD8+ T cells decreased significantly at 12 months of therapy (P < 0.001). Levels of CD62L+CD4+ decreased over time. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HAART can be successfully used in African populations with elevated baseline immune activation markers. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Project RETRO CI, Virol Lab, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Project RETRO CI, Virol Lab, BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 SU 3 BP S17 EP S22 DI 10.1097/00002030-200317003-00003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 712FC UT WOS:000184785700003 PM 14565605 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Downing, R Sozi, C Mwebaze, R Rukundo, G Malamba, S Respess, R Hertogs, K Larder, B Ochola, D Mermin, J Samb, B Lackritz, E AF Weidle, PJ Downing, R Sozi, C Mwebaze, R Rukundo, G Malamba, S Respess, R Hertogs, K Larder, B Ochola, D Mermin, J Samb, B Lackritz, E TI Development of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to antiretroviral therapy in the UNAIDS HIV drug access initiative - Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; antiretroviral; HIV; resistance; subtypes; Uganda ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; SOCIETY-USA PANEL; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SUBTYPE-C; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEQUENCE; INDIVIDUALS; INFECTION; PATTERNS AB Objective: We describe phenotypic drug resistance, response to therapy, and genotypic mutations among HIV-infected patients in Uganda taking antiretroviral medications for greater than or equal to 90 days who had a viral load greater than or equal to 1000 copies/ml. Methods: HIV-1 group and subtype, virologic and immunologic responses to antiretroviral therapy, phenotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs, and associated genotypic mutations among patients at three treatment centers in Uganda between June 1999 and August 2000 were assessed. Therapy was two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results: All HIV identified was HIV-1, group M, subtypes A, C, and D. Sixty-one (65%) of 94 patients with a phenotypic resistance result had evidence of phenotypic resistance including resistance to a NRTI for 51 of 92 (55%) taking NRTIs, to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for nine of 16 (56%) taking NNRTIs, and to a protease inhibitor (PI) for eight of 37 (22%) taking PIs. At the time of the first specimen with resistance, the median change from baseline viral load was -0.56 log copies/ml [interquartile range (IQR), -1.47 to +0.29] and CD4+ cell count was +35 x 10(6) cells/l (IQR, -18 to +87). Genotypic resistance mutations, matched with phenotypic resistance assay results and drug history, were generally consistent with those seen for HIV-1, group M, subtype B infections in industrialized countries. Conclusion: Initial phenotypic resistance and corresponding genotypic mutations among patients treated in Uganda were similar to those with subtype B infections in North America and Europe. These data support policies that promote the use of HAART regimens against HIV-1, group M, non-B subtypes in a manner consistent with that used for subtype B infections. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Uganda Virus Res Inst, CDC Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda. Mildmay HIV Care & Rehabil Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Nsambya Hosp, Kampala, Uganda. Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda. Virco Belgium NV, Mechelen, Belgium. Virco UK Ltd, Cambridge, England. Uganda Minist Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. UN, AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda. UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 SU 3 BP S39 EP S48 DI 10.1097/00002030-200317003-00006 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 712FC UT WOS:000184785700006 PM 14565608 ER PT J AU Bailey, CR Somers, JH Steenland, K AF Bailey, CR Somers, JH Steenland, K TI Exposures, to diesel exhaust in the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 1950-1990 SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diesel emissions; exposure modeling ID TRUCKING INDUSTRY; EMISSIONS; PARTICLES AB A prior case-control study found a positive, monotonic exposure-response relationship between exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer among decedents of the Central States Conference of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. In response to critiques of the Teamsters' exposure estimates by the Health Effects Institute's Diesel Epidemiology Panel, historical exposures and associated uncertainties are investigated here. Historic diesel exhaust exposures are predicted as a function of heavy-duty diesel truck emissions, increasing use of diesel engines, and occupational elemental carbon (EC) measurements taken during the late 1980s and early 1990s. EC from diesel and nondiesel sources is distinguished in light of recent studies indicating a substantial contribution of gasoline vehicles to ambient EC. Monte Carlo sampling is used to characterize exposure distributions. The methodology used in this article-a probabilistic model for historical exposure assessment-is novel. C1 Off Transportat & Air Qual, Environm Protect Agcy, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bailey, CR (reprint author), Off Transportat & Air Qual, Environm Protect Agcy, 2565 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 64 IS 4 BP 472 EP 479 DI 10.1080/15428110308984842 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 711CQ UT WOS:000184722000009 PM 12908862 ER PT J AU Franks, J Murphy, WJ Harris, DA Johnson, JL Shaw, PB AF Franks, J Murphy, WJ Harris, DA Johnson, JL Shaw, PB TI Alternative field methods for measuring hearing protector performance SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE attenuation; hearing; hearing protectors; noise; real-ear-attenuation-at-threshold (REAT) ID STANDARD LABORATORY PROTOCOL; ATTENUATION; DEVICES AB In comparison with the mandatory noise reduction rating (NRR) testing of every hearing protector sold in the United States, real-world tests of hearing protector attenuation are scarce. This study evaluated data from three potential field-test methods as compared with the subject-fit data from Method B of ANSI S12.6-1997 for the E.A.R(R) Express(TM), Pod Plug(TM). The new field-test methods were the FitCheck headphone (FCH) method, FitCheck in sound field (FCSF) method, and bone-conduction loudness balance (BCLB) method, all of which can be administered in small single-person audiometric booths such as are commonly found in industry. Twenty normal-hearing and audiometrically competent subjects naive to hearing protector use were tested with the laboratory and the three field-test methods in a repeated-measures design. Repeated-measures models with structured covariance matrices were used to analyze the data. Significant effects were found for method, frequency, and first-order frequency-by-gender and frequency-by-method interactions. These effects and interactions were expected given the different psychophysical tasks. The FCSF and BCLB methods provided attenuations that were not significantly different from those found with Method B. Although the attenuations measured for the FCH method were statistically different (greater) than the attenuations from the other methods, the differences were within the magnitude of acceptable test-retest audiometric variability The results suggest that the FCH and FCSF methods were both feasible and reliable methods for field testing. The FCH method is limited to testing earplugs, and the FCSF requires additional equipment to outfit the test booth, but could be used for testing all types of protectors. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. USACHPPMEUR, Dept Occupat Hlth & Epidemiol, D-66849 Landstuhl, Germany. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Franks, J (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 64 IS 4 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1080/15428110308984846 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 711CQ UT WOS:000184722000013 PM 12908866 ER PT J AU Wang, L Folsom, AR Zheng, ZJ Pankow, JS Eckfeldt, JH AF Wang, L Folsom, AR Zheng, ZJ Pankow, JS Eckfeldt, JH CA ARIC Study Investigators TI Plasma fatty acid composition and incidence of diabetes in middle-aged adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; prospective study; diabetes; fatty acids; saturated fatty acids ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; JAPANESE-AMERICAN MEN; DIETARY-FAT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FOLLOW-UP; MELLITUS; INTOLERANCE; METABOLISM AB Background: The results of some epidemiologic studies conducted by using questionnaires suggest that dietary fat composition influences diabetes risk. Confirmation of this finding with use of a biomarker is warranted. Objective: We prospectively investigated the relation of plasma cholesterol ester (CE) and phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Design: In 2909 adults aged 45-64 y, plasma fatty acid composition was quantified by using gas-liquid chromatography and was expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids. Incident diabetes (n = 252) was identified during 9 y of follow-up. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, baseline body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, physical activity, education, and parental history of diabetes, diabetes incidence was significantly and positively associated with the proportions of total saturated fatty acids in plasma CE and PL. The rate ratios of incident diabetes across quintiles of saturated fatty acids were 1.00, 1.36, 1.16, 1.60, and 2.08 (P = 0.0013) in CE and 1.00, 1.75, 1.87, 2.40, and 3.37 (P < 0.0001) in PL. In CE, the incidence of diabetes was also positively associated with the proportions of palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16: 1n-7), and dihomo-gamma-linolenic (20:3n-6) acids and inversely associated with the proportion of linoleic acid (18:2n-6). In PL, incident diabetes was positively associated with the proportions of 16:0 and stearic acid (18:0). Conclusions: The proportional saturated fatty acid composition of plasma is positively associated with the development of diabetes. Our findings with the use of this biomarker suggest indirectly that the dietary fat profile, particularly that of saturated fat, may contribute to the etiology of diabetes. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Folsom, AR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55022, R01-HL-40848] NR 43 TC 169 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 692KP UT WOS:000183660500013 PM 12816776 ER PT J AU Sanderson, BK Cornell, CE Bittner, V Pulley, L Kirk, K Yang, Y Littleton, MA Brownstein, N Matson-Koffman, D Raczynski, JM AF Sanderson, BK Cornell, CE Bittner, V Pulley, L Kirk, K Yang, Y Littleton, MA Brownstein, N Matson-Koffman, D Raczynski, JM TI Physical activity patterns among women in rural Alabama SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE physical activity; women; African American; rural communities ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; MINORITY WOMEN; POLICY; HEALTH; URBAN; INTERVENTIONS; OLDER; PARTICIPATION AB Objective: To explore factors associated with physically active women in a rural community. Methods: Physical activity patterns were assessed in 585 women in rural Alabama. Results: When combining leisure and nonleisure activities, 68% of women reported greater than or equal to150 minutes per week. Active African American women tended to be younger (AOR 0.97), married (AOR 1.75), less likely to report arthritis (AOR 0.58), or give health (AOR 0.30) or motivational reasons (AOR 0.39) for not being more active; active white women were less likely to report lower health perception (AOR 0.51). Conclusion: Ethnic differences in factors associated with higher activity levels need to be considered in physical activity interventions. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Hlth Promot, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Hlth Promot, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Hlth Promot, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Hlth, Little Rock, AR USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sanderson, BK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Hlth Promot, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409679] NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 4 BP 311 EP 321 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 700GC UT WOS:000184103400003 PM 12882425 ER PT J AU Morse, T Punnett, L Warren, N Dillon, C Warren, A AF Morse, T Punnett, L Warren, N Dillon, C Warren, A TI The relationship of unions to prevalence and claim filing for work-related upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE musculoskeletal disorders; cumulative trauma disorder; ergonomics; workers' compensation; unions; claim filing ID COMPENSATION BENEFITS; JOB-SATISFACTION; HEALTH; INJURY; SURVEILLANCE; SAFETY; COSTS; FILE; WORKPLACES; OUTCOMES AB Background Unionization has been found to be related to higher filing of workers' compensation (WC) claims, but the extent of the relationship and the relationships to other variables have not been previously reported. Methods Telephone interviews were conducted with both a population-based and WC-based samples of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) cases. Results Workers at unionized facilities were 5.7 times (95% CI 2.5-13.1) more likely to file a claim for WC, despite a comparable rate of MSD cases. Higher filing was also associated with several measures of MSD severity (1.8-14.1 odds ratios), economic sector (OR = 10.1 for manufacturing), hourly (vs. salary) wages (OR = 2.6), and for having a personal physician (OR = 2.5). Unions appeared to have a protective effect on social effects of work-related MSD. Conclusions Unions appear to improve filing of work-related MSD, particularly for less severe conditions. The higher filing does not appear to be a case of "moral hazard," but rather improved and earlier reporting, as is advocated by early intervention approaches to reducing MSD. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ergon Technol Ctr, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, ErgoCtr, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. CDC, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Morse, T (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ergon Technol Ctr, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. OI Punnett, Laura/0000-0001-9270-9946 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R01 CCR112118-03] NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.1002/ajim.10234 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 697XT UT WOS:000183969100011 PM 12822140 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JM Watkins, ML Ershoff, D Petitti, DB Chiu, V Postlethwaite, D Erickson, JD AF Lawrence, JM Watkins, ML Ershoff, D Petitti, DB Chiu, V Postlethwaite, D Erickson, JD TI Design and evaluation of interventions promoting periconceptional multivitamin use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; FOLATE; PREVENTION; VITAMIN; TRENDS; TRIAL AB Background: Periconceptional folic acid use reduces the risk of neural tube defects and possibly other birth defects. The effectiveness of two interventions to increase the use of multivitamins among women of childbearing ages was evaluated. Methods: Quasi-experimental interrupted time series design with a nonequivalent control group. Participants included female members of Kaiser Foundation Health Plan aged 18 to 39 years residing in the three geographic service areas of California under study from 1998 through 2000. The central component of the direct mail/pharmacy information intervention was the mailing of "starter kits" of 100 multivitamins, while the provider education intervention used primary care providers to deliver the study message. Main outcomes included the use of multivitamins containing folic acid at least four times per week ("regularly"), intention to rise multivitamins regularly, and knowledge and attitudes about multivitamins. Outcomes were measured via telephone interviews of nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Results: A total of 3438 women were interviewed. There was a small but significant increase in the percentage of women using multivitamins in the direct mail/pharmacy information intervention group at the beginning of the intervention period (p =0.006), but this increase was not Sustained after the interventions ended. No other significant change was observed. Conclusions: Despite our ability to reach many women of childbearing age with multiple messages about regularly using multivitamins, only a small temporary increase was found in the percentage of women using multivitamins who received the messages in the mail. Other interventions and further evaluation of the impact of food fortification with folic acid should be considered. C1 Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Reg Womens Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. RP Lawrence, JM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Dept Res & Evaluat, 100 S Los Robles,2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00097-7 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 693GM UT WOS:000183708800003 PM 12818305 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Luman, ET Okoro, CA McCauley, MM Barker, LE AF Strine, TW Luman, ET Okoro, CA McCauley, MM Barker, LE TI Predictors of age-appropriate receipt of DTaP dose 4 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDHOOD AB Background: In the United States, the national childhood immunization schedule calls for children to receive four doses of DTaP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis) vaccine administered at 2, 4, 6, and 15 to 18 months. Dose 4 of DTaP is among the most frequently missed vaccines for children who are not adequately immunized. Methods: Using the 2001 National Immunization Survey, the effect of the timeliness of the first three DTaP doses was assessed on completion of the four-dose series by age 24 months and on time by age 12 to 18 months. Results: Missing Dose 4 was more prevalent among children who received Dose 3 late (but <16 months) than among children who received Dose 3 on time (24% vs 10%). Similarly, receiving Dose 4 late (or not at all) was more prevalent among children who received Dose 3 late (but <9 months) (39% vs 22%). An invalid Dose 4 was administered to 4.6% of those with Dose 3 late but before 9 months and to 10.6% of those with no Dose 3 before 9 months, compared to 1.2% of those with Dose 3 on time. Conclusion: Physicians and staff can identify children at risk for missing the fourth DTaP dose or receiving it late by assessing timeliness of receipt of DTaP Dose 3 and implementing steps to ensure that at-risk children receive Dose 4 as recommended. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00093-X PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 693GM UT WOS:000183708800007 PM 12818309 ER PT J AU Kerimova, J Posner, SF Brown, YT Hillis, S Meikle, S Duerr, A AF Kerimova, J Posner, SF Brown, YT Hillis, S Meikle, S Duerr, A TI High prevalence of self-reported forced sexual intercourse among internally displaced women in Azerbaijan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ASSAULT HISTORY; HEALTH; RAPE; WAR; TRAUMA C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Relief Int, Baku, Azerbaijan. RP Kerimova, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, 4770 Buford Highwy Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2003 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1067 EP 1070 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.7.1067 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695JK UT WOS:000183827200021 PM 12835181 ER PT J AU Noonan, RK AF Noonan, RK TI Protest, policy, and the problem of violence against women: A cross-national comparison. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Noonan, RK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9602 J9 AM J SOCIOL JI Am. J. Sociol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 109 IS 1 BP 260 EP 261 DI 10.1086/380885 PG 2 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 754FX UT WOS:000187293000030 ER PT J AU Langevin, SA Arroyo, J Monath, TP Komar, N AF Langevin, SA Arroyo, J Monath, TP Komar, N TI Host-range restriction of chimeric yellow fever-West Nile vaccine in fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS-VACCINE; ENCEPHALITIS; LIVE; PATHOGENICITY; INFECTION; CHICKENS AB We evaluated a recombinant virus chimera, ChimeriVax-WN, in which the West Nile virus (WNV) surface protein genes (pre-membrane [prM] and envelope [E]) are substituted into the genome of the 17D vaccine strain yellow fever virus (YF-17D), as a vaccine candidate for protection of birds from WNV disease. Using fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) as a model, we found that none of eight crows that received two high doses of vaccine (approximately 100,000 plaque-forming units [PFU]) developed viremia and only one developed WNV-neutralizing antibodies. When challenged with subcutaneous injection of 2,000 PFU of WNV (NY99 strain), all eight developed viremia levels similar to unvaccinated control birds (n = 4). Two of the vaccinated birds died of the infection, compared with no mortality in the four controls. To further investigate the failure of the vaccine, we inoculated chickens with both the vaccine and YF-17D and found no evidence of replication with either of these viruses. These data indicate that this vaccine candidate failed to protect birds from the morbidity and mortality attributed to WNV infections. However, if used in mammals, this recombinant viral vaccine is unlikely to inadvertently enter a natural transmission cycle with birds as amplifying hosts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 706WC UT WOS:000184477200017 PM 12932102 ER PT J AU Eisele, TP Lindblade, KA Rosen, DH Odhiambo, F Vulule, JM Slutsker, L AF Eisele, TP Lindblade, KA Rosen, DH Odhiambo, F Vulule, JM Slutsker, L TI Evaluating the completeness of demographic surveillance of children less than five years old in western Kenya: A capture-recapture approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TREATED BED NETS; VITAMIN-A; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; NORTHERN GHANA; DRUG-USERS; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; MALARIA; REGISTRATION; POPULATION AB We evaluated the completeness and differential ascertainment of vital events in children less than five years old registered in two rounds of a demographic surveillance system (DSS) in western Kenya using a two-sample capture-recapture. The primary lists consisted of births and child deaths identified by two rounds of the DSS conducted in October 2000 and August 2001. The secondary lists consisted of births and child deaths identified independently from two surveys of 5,000 randomly selected households conducted immediately after each DSS round, covering the same population over the same time period. Analysis of the overlap between lists yielded the following sensitivities for the two DSS rounds: 62% and 49%, respectively, for identifying neonatal deaths (<1 month); 72% and 78%, respectively, for post-neonatal child deaths (1-59 months); and 88% and 78%, respectively, for identifying newborns. Female deaths were less likely to be reported than male deaths. The primary limitation of using capture-recapture in this setting was difficulty in matching between lists due to inconsistent dates of birth and death and variability in spelling of names. Assuming limitations of current methods are sufficiently addressed, capture-recapture appears to be a useful tool in evaluating DSS completeness and differential ascertainment of vital events. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Eisele, TP (reprint author), 3243 Dellwood Rd, Cleveland Hts, OH 44118 USA. RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 706WC UT WOS:000184477200020 PM 12932105 ER PT J AU Olsson, AO Nguyen, JV Sadowski, MA Barr, DB AF Olsson, AO Nguyen, JV Sadowski, MA Barr, DB TI A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of specific organophosphorus pesticide biomarkers in human urine SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-POPULATION; METABOLITES; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL; CHLORPYRIFOS; EXPOSURE; PARATHION; QUANTITATION; MALATHION; SAMPLES AB Organophosphorus pesticides are commonly used in both agricultural and residential settings. The widespread use of these chemicals makes it almost impossible for humans to avoid exposure. In order to determine background human exposure, there is a need for fast, reliable, and sensitive analytical methods. We have developed a sensitive method to quantify specific biomarkers of the organophosphorus pesticides acephate, azinphos, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, diazinon, isazofos, malathion, methamidophos, parathion and pirimiphos or their O,O-dimethyl analogues in human urine, as their selective metabolites or as the intact pesticide. Isotopically labeled internal standards were used for eight of the analytes. The use of labeled internal standards in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry provided a high degree of specificity. Repeated analysis of urine samples fortified with high and low concentrations of the analytes gave relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 10% for the analytes with an isotopically labeled standard. Analytes without isotopically labeled standards had higher RSD. For all compounds except methamidophos and acephate, the recoveries were greater than 70%. The limits of quantification for most of the analytes were in the range of 0.1 to 1 ng/mL. We detected concentrations of most of these pesticides and/or their metabolites in urine samples from non-occupationally exposed persons using our method. Our frequencies of detection for the analytes measured ranged from 1% to 98%. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Olsson, AO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE MS-F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 376 IS 6 BP 808 EP 815 DI 10.1007/s00216-003-1978-y PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 700CU UT WOS:000184095700008 PM 12811448 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Dong, RG Schopper, AW Smutz, WP AF Wu, JZ Dong, RG Schopper, AW Smutz, WP TI Analysis of skin deformation profiles during sinusoidal vibration of fingerpad SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hyperelastic; poroelastic; finite element model; soft tissue mechanics; fingertip; vibrotatile tests ID HAND-TRANSMITTED VIBRATION; TISSUES; MODEL; COMPRESSION; THRESHOLDS; SIMULATION; RESPONSES; STROKE AB Vibrotactile perception threshold measurement has been widely used to diagnose the severity of peripheral neuropathy associated with hand-arm vibration syndrome and sensory losses in stroke and diabetic patients. The vibration perception threshold is believed to be influenced by many factors, such as contact force and vibration frequency. The present study is intended to analyze, theoretically, the time-dependent deformation profile of skin surface, strain distributions within soft tissue, and response force of a fingertip when it is stimulated by a probe vibrating with a sinusoidal movement. A two-dimensional finite element model, which incorporates the essential anatomical structures of a finger: skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and nail, has been proposed to analyze the effects of vibration amplitude, frequency, and preindentation on the dynamic interaction between the fingerpad and vibrating probe. The simulation results suggest that the fraction of time over which the skin separates from the probe during vibration increases with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude, and decreases with increased preindentation of the probe. The preindentation of the probe has been found to significantly reduce the trend of skin/probe decoupling. The simulation results show reasonably consistent trends with the reported experimental data. (C) 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SOC AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 31 IS 7 BP 867 EP 878 DI 10.1114/1.1581290 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 702QL UT WOS:000184234500011 PM 12971618 ER PT J AU Naleway, AL Belongia, EA Greenlee, RT Kieke, BA Chen, RT Shay, DK AF Naleway, AL Belongia, EA Greenlee, RT Kieke, BA Chen, RT Shay, DK TI Eczematous skin disease and recall of past diagnoses: Implications for smallpox vaccination SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; COMPLICATIONS; MANAGEMENT; UK AB Background: Persons with atopic dermatitis or eczema, regardless of disease severity or activity, may develop eczema vaccinatum if they or their close contacts receive the smallpox vaccine. According to current recommendations, a preexposure vaccination program should identify these persons and exclude them from participating. Objective: To determine the prevalence of diagnosed atopic dermatitis and eczema in a defined population and assess the sensitivity of screening questions to identify patients who have received these diagnoses. Design: Population-based prevalence survey and telephone interview. Setting: 14 ZIP code regions in Wisconsin. Patients: Persons given a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis or eczema in 2000 and 2001 were identified from a population-based cohort. Persons with a history of atopic dermatitis diagnosed since 1979 were eligible for the telephone survey. Measurements: Prevalence of diagnosed atopic dermatitis or eczema; proportions of respondents able to recall a past diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, eczema, or recurrent rash. Results: The prevalence of atopic dermatitis or eczema diagnosis in 2000 or 2001 was 0.8%. At least 2.4% of the cohort would be ineligible for smallpox vaccination because of active skin disease in themselves or household members. Among 94 adult respondents with atopic dermatitis, 55 (59%) correctly self-reported skin disease. Seventy-nine (60%) of 133 household contacts of adults with atopic dermatitis correctly reported the presence of skin disease in a household member. Parental recall of skin disease in children with atopic dermatitis was 70% (123 of 177). Conclusions: Identifying dermatologic contraindications to smallpox vaccination by relying only on a self-reported history of rash illnesses is likely to miss a substantial proportion of individuals who should not receive smallpox vaccine in a preexposure vaccination campaign. C1 Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr, 1000 N Oak Ave,Mailstop ML2, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-95-0957] NR 33 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 139 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 695GR UT WOS:000183823200001 PM 12834312 ER PT J AU McKimm-Breschkin, J Trivedi, T Hampson, A Hay, A Klimov, A Tashiro, M Hayden, F Zambon, A AF McKimm-Breschkin, J Trivedi, T Hampson, A Hay, A Klimov, A Tashiro, M Hayden, F Zambon, A TI Neuraminidase sequence analysis and susceptibilities of influenza virus clinical isolates to zanamivir and oseltamivir SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-SITE; AMANTADINE-RESISTANT; A VIRUSES; INHIBITOR 4-GUANIDINO-NEU5AC2EN; DECREASED SENSITIVITY; INHALED ZANAMIVIR; NURSING-HOMES; MUTATION; DESIGN; ENZYME AB The influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir were introduced into clinical practice in various parts of the world between 1999 and 2002. In order to monitor the potential development of resistance, the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network was established to coordinate testing of clinical isolates collected through the World Health Organization influenza surveillance network from different regions of the world (M. Zambon and F. G. Hayden, Antivir. Res. 49:147-156, 2001). The present study establishes the baseline susceptibilities prior to and shortly after the introduction of the NA inhibitors. Over 1,000 clinical influenza isolates recovered from 1996 to 1999 were tested. Susceptibilities were determined by enzyme inhibition assays with chemiluminescent or fluorescent substrates with known NA inhibitor-resistant viruses as controls. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) depended upon the assay method, the drug tested, and the influenza virus subtype. By both assays, the mean zanamivir IC50S were 0.76, 1.82, and 2.28 nM for the subtype H1N1 (N1), H3N2 (N2), and B NAs, respectively, and the oseltamivir IC(50)s were 1.2, 0.5, and 8.8 nM for the N1, N2, and B NAs, respectively. The drug susceptibilities of known zanamivir- and oseltamivir-resistant viruses with the NA mutations E119V, R292K, H274Y, and R152K fell well outside the 95% confidence limits of the IC(50)s for all natural isolates. Sequence analysis of the NAs of viruses for which the IC(50)s were above the 95% confidence limits and several control isolates for which the IC(50)s were in the normal range revealed variations in some previously conserved residues, including D151, A203, T225, and E375 (N2 numbering). Known resistance mutations are both influenza virus subtype and drug specific, but there was no evidence of naturally occurring resistance to either drug in any of the isolates. C1 CSIRO, Div Hlth Sci & Nutr, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. GlaxoSmithKline Res & Dev, Greenford, Middx, England. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, London, England. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, London, England. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP McKimm-Breschkin, J (reprint author), CSIRO, Div Hlth Sci & Nutr, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RI McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer/D-1880-2013 NR 30 TC 184 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2264 EP 2272 DI 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2264-2272.2003 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 694RA UT WOS:000183786700031 PM 12821478 ER PT J AU DePaola, A Ulaszek, J Kaysner, CA Tenge, BJ Nordstrom, JL Wells, J Puhr, N Gendel, SM AF DePaola, A Ulaszek, J Kaysner, CA Tenge, BJ Nordstrom, JL Wells, J Puhr, N Gendel, SM TI Molecular, serological, and virulence characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from environmental, food, and clinical sources in north America and Asia SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; UNITED-STATES; PANDEMIC SPREAD; O3-K6 CLONE; TDH GENE; OYSTERS; STRAINS; UREASE; TRH; EMERGENCE AB Potential virulence attributes, serotypes, and ribotypes were determined for 178 pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, environmental, and food sources on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf Coasts of the United States and from clinical sources in Asia. The food and environmental isolates were generally from oysters, and they were defined as being pathogenic by using DNA probes to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. The clinical isolates from the United States were generally associated with oyster consumption, and most were obtained from outbreaks in Washington, Texas, and New York. Multiplex PCR was used to confirm the species identification and the presence of tdh and to test for the tdh-related hemolysin trh. Most of the environmental, food, and clinical isolates from the United States were positive for tdh, trh, and urease production. Outbreak-associated isolates from Texas, New York, and Asia were predominantly serotype O3:K6 and possessed only tdh. A total of 27 serotypes and 28 ribogroups were identified among the isolates, but the patterns of strain distribution differed between the serotypes and ribogroups. All but one of the O3:K6 isolates from Texas were in a different ribogroup from the O3:K6 isolates from New York or Asia. The O3:K6 serotype was not detected in any of the environmental and food isolates from the United States, and none of the food or environmental isolates belonged to any of the three ribogroups that contained all of the O3:K6 and related clinical isolates. The combination of serotyping and ribotyping showed that the Pacific Coast V. parahaemolyticus population appeared to be distinct from that of either the Atlantic Coast or Gulf Coast. The fact that certain serotypes and ribotypes contained both clinical and environmental isolates while many others contained only environmental isolates implies that certain serotypes or ribotypes are more relevant for human disease. C1 US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. US FDA, Seafood Prod Res Ctr, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DePaola, A (reprint author), US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. FU FDA HHS [U01 FD000431] NR 41 TC 121 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 3999 EP 4005 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.7.3999-4005.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 699XM UT WOS:000184082100042 PM 12839774 ER PT J AU Ryan, U Xiao, LH Read, C Zhou, L Lal, AA Pavlasek, I AF Ryan, U Xiao, LH Read, C Zhou, L Lal, AA Pavlasek, I TI Identification of novel Cryptosporidium genotypes from the Czech Republic SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; PARVUM; BIRDS AB Isolates of Cryptosporidium from the Czech Republic were characterized from a variety of different hosts using sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal DNA and the heat-shock (HSP-70) gene. Analysis expanded the host range of accepted species and identified several novel genotypes, including horse, Eurasian woodcock, rabbit, and cervid genotypes. C1 Murdoch Univ, Div Hlth Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. State Vet Inst Prague, Pathol & Parasitol Dept, Prague 16503 6, Czech Republic. RP Ryan, U (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 28 TC 186 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 4302 EP 4307 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.7.4302-4307.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 699XM UT WOS:000184082100087 PM 12839819 ER PT J AU Murphy, LR Sauter, SL AF Murphy, LR Sauter, SL TI The USA perspective: Current issues and trends in the management of work stress SO AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT; HEALTH; CARE; INTERVENTIONS; EMPLOYMENT; PREVENTION AB The article provides a United States (US) perspective on emergent issues in work stress and current efforts to reduce stress at work. Workers continue to report relatively high levels of stress and national estimates indicate that in excess of one third of US workers report that their jobs are "often" or "always" stressful. Job stress associated with emergent human resource practices (e.g., flexible employment contracts) and new work systems (e.g., lean production) has not been fully examined, but concerns have been raised about increased risks associated with these practices. Interventions to reduce workers' stress in US organisations have focused primarily on individual-oriented techniques, such as muscle relaxation and meditation. While these efforts have demonstrated utility for lowering psychological and physiological signs of stress, interventions that involve job/organisation change are generally preferred because they directly address the sources of stress at work. However, research has not consistently found that such stressor reduction interventions actually lower worker levels of stress, for reasons that are not clear at present. Another class of interventions that have become common in US workplaces addresses work-life balance but their success with respect to lowering worker stress also is mixed. Suggestions for increasing the frequency of stressor reduction interventions in US organisations are offered, including the collection of accurate, up-to-date data on work Organisation risk factors, authoritative guidelines on the design, implementation and evaluation of interventions, and better integration of stressor reduction interventions with existing organisational programs. C1 NIOSH, Org Sci & Human Factors Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Murphy, LR (reprint author), NIOSH, Org Sci & Human Factors Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI CARLTON PA 1 GRATTAN STREET, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0067 J9 AUST PSYCHOL JI Aust. Psychol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1080/00050060310001707157 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 692LK UT WOS:000183662400012 ER PT J AU Wernette, CM Frasch, CE Madore, D Carlone, G Goldblatt, D Plikaytis, B Benjamin, W Quataert, SA Hildreth, S Sikkema, DJ Kayhty, H Jonsdottir, I Nahm, MH AF Wernette, CM Frasch, CE Madore, D Carlone, G Goldblatt, D Plikaytis, B Benjamin, W Quataert, SA Hildreth, S Sikkema, DJ Kayhty, H Jonsdottir, I Nahm, MH TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of human antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; CONJUGATE VACCINE FORMULATION; CROSS-REACTIVE ANTIBODIES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; C-POLYSACCHARIDE; OPSONOPHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY; ANTICAPSULAR ANTIBODIES C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Wyeth Vaccines, W Henrietta, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Child Hlth, London, England. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Immunol, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Nahm, MH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. RI Goldblatt, David/C-5972-2008; OI Goldblatt, David/0000-0002-0769-5242; Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-85334] NR 73 TC 197 Z9 202 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 514 EP 519 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.4.514-519.2003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 703MU UT WOS:000184284100003 PM 12853378 ER PT J AU Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Moore, JM Mirel, L Othoro, C Otieno, J Chaiyaroj, SC Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Moore, JM Mirel, L Othoro, C Otieno, J Chaiyaroj, SC Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and MIP-1 beta in intervillous blood plasma samples from women with placental malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORD-BLOOD; IN-VITRO; CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HIV-INFECTION; EXPRESSION; PREGNANCY; AFRICA; PROLIFERATION; IMMUNITY AB Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta play an important role in modulating immune responses. To understand their importance in immunity to placental malaria (PM) and in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-PM coinfection, we investigated levels of these chemokines in the placental intervillous blood plasma (IVB plasma) and cord blood plasma of HIV-negative PM-negative, HIV-negative PM-positive, HIV-positive PM-negative, and HIV-positive PM-positive women. Compared to HIV-negative PM-negative women, the MIP-1beta concentration in IVB plasma was significantly elevated in HIV-negative PM-positive women and HIV-positive PM-positive women, but it was unaltered in HIV-positive PM-negative women. Also, PM-infected women, irrespective of their HIV status, had significantly higher levels of MIP-1beta than HIV-positive PM-negative women. The MIP-1alpha level was not altered in association with either infection. The IVB plasma levels of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta positively correlated with the cord blood plasma levels of these chemokines. As with IVB plasma, only cord plasma from PM-infected mothers had significantly elevated levels of MIP-1beta compared to PM-negative mothers, irrespective of their HIV infection status. MIP-1beta and MIP-1alpha levels in PM-positive women were positively associated with parasite density and malaria pigment levels. Regardless of HIV serostatus, the IVB MIP-1beta level was significantly lower in women with PM-associated anemia. In summary, an elevated level of MIP-1beta was associated with PM. HIV infection did not significantly alter these two chemokine levels in IVB plasma. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol Control & Res, Kisumu, Kenya. New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Rollback Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-50240, R01 AI050240] NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.4.631-636.2003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 703MU UT WOS:000184284100021 PM 12853396 ER PT J AU Dezzutti, CS Guenthner, PC Daniel, S Utz, U Cabrera, T Marshall, JH Bianco, C Lal, RB Cowan, EP AF Dezzutti, CS Guenthner, PC Daniel, S Utz, U Cabrera, T Marshall, JH Bianco, C Lal, RB Cowan, EP TI Detection of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) tax sequences in New York City blood donors seronegative for HTLV types 1 and 2 SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; TRANSFUSION; PREVALENCE; PROVIRUSES; PRODUCTS; DISEASE; RISK AB A potential public health concern is the reported detection of the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) tax gene in the lymphocytes of up to 11% of a low-risk group of New York City blood donors (NYBD). This study aimed to independently confirm the prevalence of HTLV tax sequences in 293 NYBD. All NYBD tested negative for antibodies to HTLV types 1 and 2 and HTLV Tax. HTLV tax sequences were not detected in the NYBD lymphocytes. These data demonstrate the lack of HTLV-1 tax in this group of NYBD at low risk for HTLV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Amer Blood Ctr, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 715 EP 717 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.4.715-717.2003 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 703MU UT WOS:000184284100035 PM 12853410 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Barrett, TJ Nelson, JT Angulo, FJ AF Crump, JA Barrett, TJ Nelson, JT Angulo, FJ TI Reevaluating fluoroquinolone breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and for non-Typhi salmonellae SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID QUINOLONE-RESISTANT SALMONELLA; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANCE; CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANIMAL FEED AB Salmonella enterica infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antimicrobial therapy may be life-saving for patients with extraintestinal infections with S. enterica serotype Typhi or non-Typhi salmonellae. Because antimicrobial resistance to several classes of traditional first-line drugs has emerged in the past several decades, the quinolone antimicrobial agents, particularly the fluoroquinolones, have become the drugs of choice. Recently, resistance to nalidixic acid has emerged among both Typhi and non-Typhi Salmonella serotypes. Such Salmonella isolates typically also have decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, although minimum inhibitory concentrations of the fluoroquinolones usually are within the susceptible range of the interpretive criteria of the NCCLS. A growing body of clinical and microbiological evidence indicates that such nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica infections also exhibit a decreased clinical response to fluoroquinolones. In this article, we recommend that laboratories test extraintestinal Salmonella isolates for nalidixic acid resistance, we recommend that short-course fluoroquinolone therapy be avoided for infection with nalidixic acid-resistant extraintestinal salmonellae, and we summarize existing data and data needs that would contribute to reevaluation of the current NCCLS fluoroquinolone breakpoints for salmonellae. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Gough, Ethan/B-8633-2012 NR 79 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1086/375602 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 695JE UT WOS:000183826700011 PM 12830411 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Laney, AS Pellett, PE AF Cannon, MJ Laney, AS Pellett, PE TI Human herpesvirus 8: Current issues SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; PRIMARY INFECTION; RISK; CHILDREN; MEN AB Although human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), there are no formal guidelines for the clinical management of HHV-8 infection. In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the best tool for the prevention of KS. In patients who have undergone transplantation, KS is often managed by curtailing immunosuppressive therapies, despite the potential adverse consequences for graft survival. Interventions related to HHV-8 infection might improve the management of KS in immunocompromised patients. However, knowledge from HHV-8 research cannot yet be translated into clinically useful interventions. Achieving clinical utility will require the commercial development of diagnostic tools currently available only in research settings and the evaluation of potential interventions. Such interventions might include the use of HHV-8 diagnostics to identify patients at high risk and to aid in the early detection of KS, prophylaxis with antiherpes drugs to prevent KS, treatment of KS with antiherpes drugs, and donor/recipient screening for organ transplantation. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Virol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hypertens Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst NN10, Dept Virol, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1086/375230 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 695JE UT WOS:000183826700012 PM 12830412 ER PT J AU Reller, ME Olsen, SJ Kressel, AB Moon, TD Kubota, KA Adcock, MP Nowicki, SF Mintz, ED AF Reller, ME Olsen, SJ Kressel, AB Moon, TD Kubota, KA Adcock, MP Nowicki, SF Mintz, ED TI Sexual transmission of typhoid fever: A multistate outbreak among men who have sex with men SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; VENEREAL TRANSMISSION; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; BISEXUAL MEN; RISK; INFECTIONS; BEHAVIOR AB In August 2000, the Ohio Department of Health reported a cluster of men with typhoid fever who denied having traveled abroad. To determine the cause and the extent of the outbreak, an epidemiological investigation was initiated in which 7 persons in Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana with culture-confirmed Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection and 2 persons with probable typhoid fever were evaluated; all were men, and all but one reported having had sex with 1 asymptomatic male S. Typhi carrier. We document sexual transmission of typhoid fever, which may be acquired by means of oral and anal sex, as well as via food and drink. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cincinnati Hosp, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Cincinnati Hlth Dept, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. RP Reller, ME (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1086/375590 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 695JE UT WOS:000183826700019 PM 12830419 ER PT J AU Fleischauer, AT Ellis, B Ostroff, S Hemphill, M AF Fleischauer, AT Ellis, B Ostroff, S Hemphill, M TI The select agents and toxins interim final regulations: Applications to the small animal facility SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 was signed for the purpose of increasing preparedness and enhancing the response capability of the United States Public Health system for a bioterrorist attack or public health emergency. In addition, this legislation, under Tide 11, enhances controls on dangerous biological agents and toxins. The interim final select agent regulations (42 CFR 73) implement this law and offer important new provisions for the possession, use, and transfer of select agents and toxins. In contrast to prior regulations (42 CFR 72.6), the new interim final select agent regulations call for more stringent safety and security systems, in addition to the creation of a national database for tracking these agents and toxins and approval of individuals that have authorized access to select agents and toxins. Key concepts of these regulations are the implementation of a registration process; the designation of a responsible official from each entity; and the development and implenrentation of safety, security, and emergency response plans. This manuscript describes these new interim final regulations (42 CFR Part 73) and offers interpretation in the setting of small animal, clinical, and research facilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Select Agent Program, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fleischauer, AT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 42 IS 4 BP 126 EP + PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 710LB UT WOS:000184680700015 ER PT J AU Tharawan, K Manopaiboon, C Ellertson, CE Limpakarnjanarat, K Kilmarx, PH Coggins, C Chaikummao, S Mastro, TD Elias, CJ AF Tharawan, K Manopaiboon, C Ellertson, CE Limpakarnjanarat, K Kilmarx, PH Coggins, C Chaikummao, S Mastro, TD Elias, CJ TI Knowledge and perceptions of HIV among peripartum women and among men whose wives are of reproductive age, northern Thailand SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE risk perception; HIV/AIDS; Thailand; postpartum abstinence; heterosexual transmission; risk behavior; microbicides ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RISK; BEHAVIOR; AIDS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; CORRECT; DECLINE; PROGRAM AB To investigate knowledge and perceptions of HIV transmission risk and interest in vaginal microbicides in northern Thailand, we conducted 14 focus group discussions and 80 interviews with men and women in Chiang Rai province. Women were recruited from antenatal or postpartum clinics, and men from various work sites. Participants evinced substantial knowledge about HIV, with two exceptions important for prevention campaigns: (a) confusion about the window period between a new infection and positive HIV-test result and (b) overestimation of the safety of extramarital sex with partners who are not sex workers. Most participants reported no personal HIV risk. Participants described Thai women as generally vulnerable to HIV infection because of the unlikelihood of condom use with their husbands and because women cannot control their husbands' extramarital behavior. Women apparently face particular risk after childbearing;, peripartum abstinence averages 6-9 months, during which time some Thai men may have alternative sex partners. Women, and to a lesser degree, men were interested in potential microbicides, although they voiced many thoughtful questions about the products and about efficacy trials. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. Populat Council, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ellertson, CE (reprint author), Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JUL PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(03)00112-4 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 706YD UT WOS:000184481900009 PM 12878287 ER PT J AU Burke, JP Williams, K Narayan, KMV Leibson, C Haffner, SM Stern, MP AF Burke, JP Williams, K Narayan, KMV Leibson, C Haffner, SM Stern, MP TI A population perspective on diabetes prevention - Whom should we target for preventing weight gain? SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; INCREASING PREVALENCE; US ADULTS; OBESITY; MELLITUS; INSULIN; HYPERTENSION; OVERWEIGHT AB OBJECTIVE - To examine the influence of obesity and prevention of weight gain on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We examined participants in the San Antonio Heart Study, a prospective population-based study of Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites residing in San Antonio, Texas. BMI was stratified into four categories: normal (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (greater than or equal to25 kg/m(2) and <30 kg/m(2)), obese (greater than or equal to30 kg/m(2) and <35 kg/m2), and very obese (greater than or equal to35 kg/m(2)). The number and proportion of incident cases prevented by targeting each BMI category were estimated. In addition, we calculated the decrease in risk of developing type 2 diabetes associated with weight gain prevention across both the BMI and age spectra. RESULTS - Preventing normal individuals from becoming overweight would result in the greatest reduction in incidence of type 2 diabetes. This would result in a 62 and 74% reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites, respectively. Preventing the entire population from gaining, on average, 1 BMI unit would result in a reduction in incidence of type 2 diabetes of 12.4 and 13.0% in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites, respectively. CONCLUSIONS - The majority of cases of type 2 diabetes were in individuals who were overweight or mildly obese with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Public health resources should be directed toward the prevention of weight gain among normal and overweight individuals in order to prevent the maximum number of cases of type 2 diabetes. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Clin Epidemiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Burke, JP (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Harwick 6,200 1st SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL24799, R37HL36820] NR 30 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2003 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1999 EP 2004 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.7.1999 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 729RK UT WOS:000185787600008 PM 12832302 ER PT J AU Simmons, D Thompson, CF Engelgau, MM AF Simmons, D Thompson, CF Engelgau, MM TI Ethnic differences in diabetes symptoms among people without known diabetes in New Zealand SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter ID MELLITUS C1 Univ Auckland, Waikato ClinSch, Hamilton, New Zealand. Middlemore Hosp, S Auckland Diabet Project, Auckland, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simmons, D (reprint author), Waikato Hosp, Waikato Clin Sch, Hamilton, New Zealand. OI Simmons, David/0000-0003-0560-0761 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2003 VL 26 IS 7 BP 2221 EP 2222 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.7.2221 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 729RK UT WOS:000185787600058 PM 12832352 ER PT J AU Pinner, RW Rebmann, CA Schuchat, A Hughes, JM AF Pinner, RW Rebmann, CA Schuchat, A Hughes, JM TI Disease surveillance, and the academic, clinical, and public health communities SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; UNEXPLAINED DEATHS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; INFECTIOUS CAUSES; ERA; ILLNESS; SEPSIS AB The Emerging Infections Programs (EI Ps), a population-based network involving 10 state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, complement and support local, regional, and national surveillance and research efforts. ElPs depend on collaboration between public health agencies and clinical and academic institutions to perform active, population-based surveillance for infectious diseases; conduct applied epidemiologic and laboratory research; implement and evaluate pilot prevention and intervention projects; and provide capacity for flexible public health response. Recent EIP work has included monitoring the impact of a new conjugate vaccine on the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease, providing the evidence base used to derive new recommendations to prevent neonatal group B streptococcal disease, measuring the impact of foodborne diseases in the United States, and developing a systematic, integrated laboratory an epidemiologic method for syndrome-based surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pinner, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 781 EP 787 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 698WL UT WOS:000184022300004 PM 12890317 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Leis, AA Stokic, DS Van Gerpen, JA Marfin, AA Webb, R Haddad, MB Tierney, BC Slavinski, SA Polk, JL Dostrow, V Winkelmann, M Petersen, LR AF Sejvar, JJ Leis, AA Stokic, DS Van Gerpen, JA Marfin, AA Webb, R Haddad, MB Tierney, BC Slavinski, SA Polk, JL Dostrow, V Winkelmann, M Petersen, LR TI Acute flaccid paralysis and West Nile virus infection SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; NEW-YORK-CITY; ADVERSE EVENTS; POLIOMYELITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; DIAGNOSIS; PATHOLOGY; EPIDEMIC; FEATURES AB Acute weakness associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection has previously been attributed to a peripheral demyelinating process (Guillain-Barre syndrome); however, the exact etiology of this acute flaccid paralysis has not been systematically assessed. To thoroughly describe the clinical, laboratory, and electrodiagnostic features of this paralysis syndrome, we evaluated acute flaccid paralysis that developed in seven patients in the setting of acute WNV infection, consecutively identified in four hospitals in St. Tammany Parish and New Orleans, Louisiana, and Jackson, Mississippi. All patients had acute onset of asymmetric weakness and areflexia but no sensory abnormalities. Clinical and electrodiagnostic data suggested the involvement of spinal anterior horn cells, resulting in a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. In areas in which transmission is occurring, WNV infection should be considered in patients with acute flaccid paralysis. Recognition that such weakness may be of spinal origin may prevent inappropriate treatment and diagnostic testing. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Methodist Rehabil Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. Alton Ochsner Med Fdn & Ochsner Clin, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 788 EP 793 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 698WL UT WOS:000184022300005 PM 12890318 ER PT J AU Messer, WB Gubler, DJ Harris, E Sivananthan, K de Silva, AM AF Messer, WB Gubler, DJ Harris, E Sivananthan, K de Silva, AM TI Emergence and global spread of a dengue serotype 3, subtype III virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; EPIDEMIC; AMERICA; ENCEPHALITIS; PATHOGENESIS; INDONESIA; TYPE-2; JAVA AB Over the past two decades, dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) has caused unexpected epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Sri Lanka, East Africa, and Latin America. We used a phylogenetic approach to evaluate the roles of virus evolution and transport in the emergence of these outbreaks. Isolates from these geographically distant epidemics are closely related and belong to DENV-3, subtype III, which originated in the Indian subcontinent. The emergence of DHF in Sri Lanka in 1989 correlated with the appearance there of a new DENV-3, subtype III variant. This variant likely spread from the Indian subcontinent into Africa in the 1980s and from Africa into Latin America in the mid-1990s. DENV-3, subtype III isolates from mild and severe disease outbreaks formed genetically distinct groups, which suggests a role for viral genetics in DHF. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Med Res Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP de Silva, AM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, CB 7290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 36 TC 225 Z9 237 U1 0 U2 12 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 800 EP 809 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 698WL UT WOS:000184022300007 PM 12899133 ER PT J AU Blitvich, BJ Fernandez-Salas, I Contreras-Cordero, JF Marlenee, NL Gonzalez-Rojas, JI Komar, N Gubler, DJ Calisher, CH Beaty, BJ AF Blitvich, BJ Fernandez-Salas, I Contreras-Cordero, JF Marlenee, NL Gonzalez-Rojas, JI Komar, N Gubler, DJ Calisher, CH Beaty, BJ TI Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in horses, Coahuila State, Mexico SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; ANTIBODIES; SERUM AB Serum samples were obtained from 24 horses in the State of Coahuila, Mexico, in December 2002. Antibodies to West Nile virus were detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test in 15 (62.5%) horses. We report the first West Nile virus activity in northern Mexico. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropodborne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. CDCP, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Beaty, BJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropodborne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI45430, U01 AI045430]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU820510] NR 16 TC 78 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 853 EP 856 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 698WL UT WOS:000184022300015 PM 12890327 ER PT J AU Lorono-Pino, MA Blitvich, BJ Farfan-Ale, JA Puerto, FI Blanco, JM Marlenee, NL Rosado-Paredes, EP Garcia-Rejon, JE Gubler, DJ Calisher, CH Beaty, BJ AF Lorono-Pino, MA Blitvich, BJ Farfan-Ale, JA Puerto, FI Blanco, JM Marlenee, NL Rosado-Paredes, EP Garcia-Rejon, JE Gubler, DJ Calisher, CH Beaty, BJ TI Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in horses, Yucatan State, Mexico SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; ANTIBODIES AB Serum samples were obtained from 252 horses in the State of Yucatan, Mexico, from July to October 2002. Antibodies to West Nile virus were detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in three (1.2%) horses and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. We report the first West Nile virus activity in the State of Yucatan. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropodborne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico. CDCP, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Beaty, BJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropodborne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Garcia-Rejon, Julian Everardo/E-4285-2017 OI Garcia-Rejon, Julian Everardo/0000-0002-6681-1581 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI45430, U01 AI045430]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU820510] NR 14 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 857 EP 859 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 698WL UT WOS:000184022300016 PM 12890328 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Silva, MJ Kato, K Reidy, JA Malek, NA Hurtz, D Sadowski, M Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Barr, DB Silva, MJ Kato, K Reidy, JA Malek, NA Hurtz, D Sadowski, M Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Assessing human exposure to phthalates using monoesters and their oxidized metabolites as biomarkers SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE DEHP; exposure; human; phthalate; urine ID HUMAN REFERENCE POPULATION; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; MALE-RATS; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM AB Phthalates are a group of industrial chemicals with many commercial uses, such as solvents, additives, and plasticizers. For example, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is added in varying amounts to certain plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, to increase their flexibility. In humans, phthalates are metabolized to their respective monoesters, conjugated, and eliminated. However, despite the high production and use of DEHP, we have recently found that the urinary levels of the DEHP metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in 2,541 persons in the United States were lower than we anticipated, especially when compared with urinary metabolite levels of other commonly used phthalates. This finding raised questions about the sensitivity of this biomarker for assessing DEHP exposure. We explored the utility of two other DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), as additional DEHP biomarkers. These metabolites are formed by oxidative metabolism of MEHP. In urine from 62 people, both the range and the mean urinary levels of MEOHP and MEHHP were on average 4-fold higher than those of MEHP; the mean of the individual ratios of MEHHP/MEOHP, MEHHP/MEHP, and MEOHP/MEHP were 1.4, 8.2, and 5.9, respectively. These data suggest that MEOHP and MEHHP are more sensitive biomarkers of exposure to DEHP than is MEHP. These findings also suggest a predominant human metabolic route for DEHP hydrolysis to MEHP followed by oxidation of MEHP; they also imply that a similar mechanism may be relevant for other high-molecular-weight phthalates, such as di-n-octyl, di-isononyl, and di-isodecyl phthalates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 44 TC 169 Z9 179 U1 7 U2 37 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1148 EP 1151 DI 10.1289/ehp.6074 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 715VH UT WOS:000184992700022 PM 12842765 ER PT J AU Duty, SM Singh, NP Silva, MJ Barr, DB Brock, JW Ryan, L Herrick, RF Christiani, DC Hauser, R AF Duty, SM Singh, NP Silva, MJ Barr, DB Brock, JW Ryan, L Herrick, RF Christiani, DC Hauser, R TI The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE comet assay; DNA damage; environmental; human sperm; phthalates; urinary metabolites ID HUMAN REFERENCE POPULATION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS ASSAY; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE ASSAY; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; MUCOSAL CELLS; IN-VITRO; GENOTOXICITY; METABOLITES; ESTERS; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Phthalates are industrial chemicals widely used in many commercial applications. The general population is exposed to phthalates through consumer products as well as through diet and medical treatments. To determine whether environmental levels of phthalates are associated with altered DNA integrity in human sperm, we selected a population without identified sources of exposure to phthalates. One hundred sixty-eight subjects recruited from the Massachusetts General Hospital Andrology Laboratory provided a semen and a urine sample. Eight phthalate metabolites were measured in urine by using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry;, data were corrected for urine dilution by adjusting for specific gravity. The neutral single-cell microgel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) was used to measure DNA integrity in sperm. VisComet image analysis software was used to measure comet extent, a measure of total comet length (micrometers); percent DNA in tail (tail%), a measure of the proportion of total DNA present in the comet tail; and tail distributed moment (TDM), an integrated measure of length and intensity (micrometers). For an interquartile range increase in specific gravity-adjusted monoethyl phthalate (MEP) level, the comet extent increased significantly by 3.6 mum [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.74-6.47]; the TDM also increased 1.2 mum (95% CI, -0.05 to 2.38) but was of borderline significance. Monobutyl, monobenzyl, monomethyl, and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalates were not significantly associated with comet assay parameters. In conclusion, this study represents the first human data to demonstrate that urinary MEP, at environmental levels, is associated with increased DNA damage in sperm. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Rm 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07069, ES00002, ES09718] NR 47 TC 164 Z9 177 U1 3 U2 29 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1164 EP 1169 DI 10.1289/ehp.5756 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 715VH UT WOS:000184992700025 PM 12842768 ER PT J AU Leighton, J Klitzman, S Sedlar, S Matte, T Cohen, NL AF Leighton, J Klitzman, S Sedlar, S Matte, T Cohen, NL TI The effect of lead-based paint hazard remediation on blood lead levels of lead poisoned children in New York City SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE abatement; blood lead levels; childhood lead poisoning; lead paint; lead hazard remediation ID CONTAMINATED HOUSE-DUST; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; PORT PIRIE COHORT; ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD; EXPOSURE; ABATEMENT; INTELLIGENCE; ABSORPTION; CHILDHOOD; IMPACT AB Despite the widespread use of lead paint hazard control for children with lead poisoning, few controlled studies that estimate the effect of such control on children's blood lead levels have been published. This retrospective follow-up study examined the effects of lead hazard remediation and its timing on the blood lead levels of lead-poisoned children, From the New York City child blood lead registry, 22 1 children were selected who had an initial blood lead level of 20-44 mug/dL between I July 1994 and 31 December 1996; were 6 months to 6 years of age; had a report of a follow-up blood lead test between 10 and 14 months after the initial test; had a lead-based paint hazard identified in the primary dwelling unit prior to the 10- to 14-month follow-up blood lead test; had resided or spent time at only one address with an, identified lead-based paint hazard; and were not chelated. The decline in geometric mean blood lead levels from baseline to 10-14 months later was compared for children whose homes were remediated and whose homes were not remediated during the follow-up period. Regardless of remediation, geometric mean blood lead levels declined significantly from 24.3 mug/dL at the initial diagnosis to 12.3 mug/dL at the 10- to 14-month follow-up blood lead test (P < 0.01). Among the 146 children whose homes were remediated the geometric mean blood lead levels declined 53% compared to 41% among the 75 children whose homes were not remediated by the follow-up blood lead test, a remediation effect of approximately 20% (P < 0.01). After adjusting for potential confounders, the remediation effect was 11%, although it was no longer significant. Race was the only factor that appeared to confound the relationship: Black children had higher follow-up blood lead levels even after controlling for other factors, including the natural logarithm of the initial blood lead level. The effect of remediation appeared to be stronger for younger (10 to <36 months old) than for older (36 to 72 months old) children (P = 0.06). While children in homes with earlier remediation (within less than 3 months) appeared to have greater declines in blood lead levels at the follow-up test than children in homes with later remediation (after 3 or more months), this trend was not significant when controlling for confounding factors. The findings of this study suggest that early identification of lead-poisoned children and timely investigation and abatement of hazards contribute to reducing blood lead levels. However, the apparent effect is modest and further research is needed to systematically test and improve the effectiveness of lead hazard controls. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, New York, NY 10007 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10010 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10007 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Acad Med Dev Corp, New York, NY 10020 USA. RP Leighton, J (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, 253 Broadway,12th Floor,Box CN58, New York, NY 10007 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 92 IS 3 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00036-7 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 693WG UT WOS:000183740900002 PM 12804514 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Jeng, G Peterson, HB AF Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Jeng, G Peterson, HB TI Does insurance coverage decrease the risk for multiple births associated with assisted reproductive technology? SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE in vitro fertilization; embryo transfer; multiple birth offspring; pregnancy; multiple; insurance ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; TWIN PREGNANCIES; GESTATION; IVF AB Objective: To determine whether insurance coverage for ART is associated with transfer of fewer embryos and decreased risk of multiple births. Design: Retrospective cohort study of a population-based sample of IVF procedures performed in six U.S. states during 1998. Setting: Three states with mandated insurance coverage (Illinois, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island) and three states without coverage (Indiana, Michigan, and New Jersey). Participant(s): Seven thousand, five hundred sixty-one IVF transfer procedures in patients : 35 years of age. Main Outcome Measure(s): Number of embryos transferred, multiple-birth rate, triplet or higher order birth rate, and triplet or higher order gestation rate. Result(s): A smaller proportion of procedures included transfer of three or more embryos in Massachusetts (64%) and Rhode Island (74%) than in the noninsurance states (82%). The multiple-birth rate in Massachusetts (38%) was less than in the noninsurance states (43%). The insurance states all had protective odds ratios for triplet or higher order births, but only the odds ratio (0.2) for Massachusetts was significant. This decreased risk in Massachusetts resulted from several factors, including a smaller proportion of patients with three or more embryos transferred, lower implantation rates when three or more embryos were transferred, and greater rates of fetal loss among triplet or higher order gestations. Conclusion(s): Insurance appears to affect embryo transfer practices. Whether this translates into decreased multiple birth risk is less clear. (C) 2003 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00572-7 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 701LZ UT WOS:000184170200002 PM 12849794 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Peterson, HB AF Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Peterson, HB TI Insurance is not a magic bullet for the multiple birth problem associated with assisted reproductive technology SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 32 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00579-X PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 701LZ UT WOS:000184170200006 PM 12849798 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI Genetics and genomics in practice: The continuum from genetic disease to genetic information in health and disease SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE genetics; genomics; medicine; public health ID FAMILY-HISTORY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PROTEOMIC PATTERNS; OVARIAN-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; MEDICINE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION AB This article reviews how the continuum and gradual shift from genetics (study of genes) to genomics (study of the whole genome) in medicine and public health will require reassessment of the traditional approach to delivery of genetic information, namely genetic services. A more general approach is needed to assess the value-added of genetic information for promoting health and for diagnosing, treating, predicting, and preventing all diseases, not only "genetic diseases." The article also discusses how family history can serve as a bridge from genetics to genomics in practice because it reflects the presence, not only of single-gene disorders, but also of shared genes, shared environments, and complex gene-environment interactions. Because of the expected volume of new genetic information, evidence-based practice should increasingly rely on scientific data on analytic performance of such information, its validity in predicting health outcomes, and its utility in improving health and preventing disease beyond approaches that do not use genetic information. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genomics & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genomics & Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E82, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 60 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000076977.90682.A5 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 709QU UT WOS:000184636500002 PM 12865755 ER PT J AU Scheuner, MT AF Scheuner, MT TI Genetic evaluation for coronary artery disease SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; HORMONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPY; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING-ENZYME; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; FACTOR-VII GENE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE AB There is substantial evidence that genetic factors contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, family history collection and interpretation is the best method for identifying individuals with genetic susceptibility to CAD. Family history reflects not only genetic susceptibility, but also interactions between genetic, environmental, cultural, and behavioral factors. Stratification of familial risk into different risk categories (e.g., average, moderate, or high) is possible by considering the number of relatives affected with CAD and their degree of relationship, the ages of CAD onset, the occurrence of associated conditions, and the gender of affected relatives. Familial risk stratification should improve standard CAD risk assessment methods and treatment guidelines (e.g., Framingham CAD risk prediction score and Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines). Individuals with an increased familial risk for CAD should be targeted for aggressive risk factor modification. Individuals with a high familial risk might also benefit from early detection strategies and biochemical and DNA-based testing, which can further refine risk for CAD. In addition, individuals with the highest familial risk might have mendelian disorders associated with a large magnitude of risk for premature CAD. In these cases, referral for genetic evaluation should be considered, including pedigree analysis, risk assessment, genetic counseling and education, discussion of available genetic tests, and recommendations for risk-appropriate screening and preventive interventions. Research is needed to assess the feasibility, clinical validity, clinical utility, and ethical, legal, and social issues of an approach that uses familial risk stratification and genetic evaluation to enhance CAD prevention efforts. C1 Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Divid Geffen Sch Med, CDC, Off Genomics & Dis Prevent, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Scheuner, MT (reprint author), GenRISK Program, 444 S San Vicente Blvd,Suite 604, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. NR 249 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 269 EP 285 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000079364.98247.26 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 709QU UT WOS:000184636500003 PM 12865756 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Gallagher, ML Steinberg, KK Caudill, SP Looker, AC Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Franks, AL Satten, GA Khoury, MJ Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Cogswell, ME Gallagher, ML Steinberg, KK Caudill, SP Looker, AC Bowman, BA Gunter, EW Franks, AL Satten, GA Khoury, MJ Grummer-Strawn, LM TI HFE genotype and transferrin saturation in the United States SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hemochromatosis; HFE genotype; transferrin saturation; Mexican-Americans; non-Hispanic blacks ID HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; IDIOPATHIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; IRON-OVERLOAD; PHENOTYPIC-EXPRESSION; GENE-MUTATIONS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; INDEXES; DISEASE AB Purpose: Examine the penetrance (defined by high transferrin saturation [TS]) of C282Y and H63D in the U.S. population. Methods: 5171 participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1992 to 1994. Results: 77.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3, 95.1) of men and 51.9% (95% CI, 0, 84.2) of women with C282Y homozygosity had high TS. The associations of H63D homozygosity with high TS were stronger in people aged 50 years or older than in younger persons. Among Mexican-Americans, simple H63D heterozygosity was associated with high TS. Conclusions: The associations between HFE genotype and high TS may vary by sex, age, and ethnic group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Chamblee, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabetes Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000076976.08421.AB PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 709QU UT WOS:000184636500006 PM 12865759 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Fiebelkorn, IC Wang, GJ AF Finkelstein, EA Fiebelkorn, IC Wang, GJ TI National medical spending attributable to overweight and obesity: How much, and who's paying? SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COSTS; SMOKING; IMPACT; PREVALENCE; TRENDS AB We use a regression framework and nationally representative data to compute aggregate overweight- and obesity-attributable medical spending for the United States and for select payers. Combined, such expenditures accounted for 9.1 percent of total annual U.S. medical expenditures in 1998 and may have been as high as $78.5 billion ($92.6 billion in 2002 dollars). Medicare and Medicaid finance approximately half of these costs. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP W219 EP W226 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 699JY UT WOS:000184054800038 ER PT J AU Vahratian, A Schieve, LA Reynolds, MA Jeng, G AF Vahratian, A Schieve, LA Reynolds, MA Jeng, G TI Live-birth rates and multiple-birth risk of assisted reproductive technology pregnancies conceived using thawed embryos, USA 1999-2000 SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; embryo cryopreservation; multiple birth; thawed embryo transfer ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; CRYOPRESERVED EMBRYOS; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; TWIN PREGNANCIES; IMPLANTATION; CYCLE; IVF AB BACKGROUND: Increasing use of assisted reproductive technology treatments has been associated with the current rise in multiple births in the USA. Embryo cryopreservation and subsequent thawed embryo transfer may favourably impact the multiple-birth risk by relieving some pressure that patients and providers may feel to transfer several embryos in a single cycle. The study objective was to examine both live-birth rates and multiple-birth risk in thawed cycles. METHODS: The authors used a population-based sample of 21555 assisted reproductive technology procedures performed in US clinics in 1999 and 2000 that used thawed embryos derived from the patient's oocytes. RESULTS: Both patient age and the number of embryos transferred were independent predictors of live birth. Even among women aged 20-29 years, the transfer of three embryos resulted in an increase in the live-birth rate compared with cycles in which one or two embryos were transferred. This increase in success was accompanied by an increased multiple-birth risk. In all age groups up to 40 years, the transfer of just two embryos resulted in a multiple-birth risk of 16-17%. The multiple-birth risk increased with the number of embryos transferred. CONCLUSIONS: Patient age and the number of embryos transferred significantly affect live-birth and multiple-birth rates among women who use thawed embryos. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vahratian, A (reprint author), NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Vahratian, Anjel/A-1182-2011 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1442 EP 1448 DI 10.1093/humrep/deg284 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 701BD UT WOS:000184144900014 PM 12832370 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Deddens, J AF Steenland, K Deddens, J TI Dioxin: Exposure-response analyses and risk assessment SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cancer; dioxin; risk assessment ID CANCER; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; COHORT AB Low-levels of dioxin cause cancer in animals. In 1997 dioxin was found to be a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, based largely on four studies of industrial workers exposed to high levels. Recently there has been interest in estimating human cancer risk at low level environmental exposures. Here we review quantitative exposure-response analyses and risk assessment for low environmental levels based on the largest existing cohort of workers exposed to dioxin (the U.S. NIOSH cohort). We estimate that doubling background levels of exposure, which may occur for example by eating a lot of fish which have accumulated dioxin, will increase lifetime risk of cancer death by 0.1 to 1.0%. In the US the background risk of cancer death by age 75 is 12%, so doubling background levels of dioxin exposure would increase this lifetime risk to somewhere between 12.1 and 13.0%. Our results agree broadly with results from a German cohort, which is the only other cohort for which a quantitative risk assessment has been conducted. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL INST INDUSTRIAL HEALTH PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.2486/indhealth.41.175 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 705AV UT WOS:000184374800007 PM 12916747 ER PT J AU Dotson, EM Plikaytis, B Shinnick, TM Durvasula, RV Beard, CB AF Dotson, Ellen M. Plikaytis, Bonnie Shinnick, Thomas M. Durvasula, Ravi V. Beard, Charles B. TI Transformation of Rhodococcus rhodnii, a symbiont of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus, with integrative elements of the L1 mycobacteriophage SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Paratransgenesis; Genetic transformation; Chagas disease; Rhodococcus rhodnii; Rhodnius prolixus AB Elimination of vector populations through the use of insecticides is the principal means of controlling Chagas disease. Because of the limitations of insecticide use, we have been developing a new potential method of control, to be used in conjunction with insecticide programs, a method which utilizes genetically modified symbiotic bacteria. These transformed bacteria can express anti-parasitic agents in the gut of the bug where the trypanosomes also are found. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to transform Rhodococcus rhodnii with a shuttle plasmid that contains the gene for cecropin A, an insect anti-microbial peptide. The bacteria expressed this peptide and reduced or eliminated the number of trypanosomes in the bug Rhodnius prolixus [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (1997) 3274]. In an effort to improve efficacy and transformation stability, we have begun using plasmids that contain integrative elements from the L1 mycobacteriophage to insert DNA into the genome of the bacterium. The integrative plasmid pBP5 contains the attachment site (attP) and integrase gene (int) of the L1 mycobacteriophage, an antibiotic resistance gene and the lacZ gene. After transforming R. rhodnii with pBP5, nine positive clones were obtained and six different insertions sites were identified. In each clone, the integrative plasmid is inserted only once, the lacZ gene is expressed intensely and, all clones but one, remained stable for 100 generations of culture in the absence of antibiotic selection. In addition, the construct remains stable throughout the life cycle of the bug. These data demonstrate that L1 mycobacteriophage integrative plasmids are significantly more stable than episomally located plasmids used in previous studies and will be greatly beneficial for use in the transformation of symbiotic bacteria of Chagas disease vectors. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 [Dotson, Ellen M.; Beard, Charles B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, DPD, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Plikaytis, Bonnie; Shinnick, Thomas M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Aids, STD & TB Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Durvasula, Ravi V.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Dotson, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, DPD, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ebd6@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 3 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S1567-1348(03)00002-9 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30ON UT WOS:000208825400004 PM 12809804 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Graham, DH Dahl, E Sreekumar, C Launer, F Corn, JL Gamble, HR Dubey, JP AF Lehmann, Tovi Graham, Douglas H. Dahl, Erica Sreekumar, C. Launer, Fred Corn, Joseph L. Gamble, H. Ray Dubey, J. P. TI Transmission dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii on a pig farm SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ecological genetics; Farm; Microsatellite; Molecular epidemiology; Pig; Toxoplasma gondii AB Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii infection on a pig farm in New England was investigated using genetic and ecological methods to (i) determine if infection of pigs was a result of a single source, such as in an epizootic situation (e. g. outbreak) or of multiple sources, such as in an enzootic situation, (ii) identify the main source species of infection to pigs and (iii) evaluate the role of the environment surrounding the farm as the source of infection on the farm. Genetic characterization of 25 T. gondii isolates from market pigs revealed three distinct genotypes with no evidence of recombinants. These data imply that at least three distinct exposure events occurred during the 7-month lifespan of these pigs. This genotype diversity is consistent with enzootic transmission of T. gondii on the farm. Cats were suspected as the main source of pig infection based on the high seroprevalence (>95%) in pigs. The presence of the two most common T. gondii genotypes in eight isolates from free ranging chickens on this farm corroborated the role of cats because chickens were probably infected through ingestion of oocysts in the soil. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in 163 wild mammals and birds captured around the pig sties (overall 13.1%) increased with proximity to the pig sties. Thus, transmission of T. gondii was higher near the pig sties than in the surrounding environment probably because of increased density of oocysts there. We propose that the farm does not simply reflect its surroundings in terms of strain composition and risk of infection, but that it acts as a reservoir of strains from which the outflow of new infections into its surrounding environment is higher than the inflow. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lehmann, Tovi; Graham, Douglas H.; Dahl, Erica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis MS F22, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. [Sreekumar, C.; Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasit Dis Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Launer, Fred] USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Sutton, MA USA. [Corn, Joseph L.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. [Gamble, H. Ray] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis MS F22, 4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. EM lbt2@cdc.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 FU Food Safety Initiative of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX We thank Nathan Mechlin from the University of Georgia for his help in trapping wildlife and Don Hahn, Alex da Silva, Mike Arrowood, and others in the division of parasitic diseases (CDC) for technical assistance. We are grateful to Jeffery Jones, Peter Schantz, and Denis Juranek (CDC) for their comments and discussions on earlier versions of this manuscript. Thanks to the staff of the CDC Core Facility and PBESL, USDA for their help. This investigation received financial assistance from the Food Safety Initiative of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and was also supported in conjunction with the VAMC Atlanta and the Atlanta Research and Education Foundation. NR 25 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 3 IS 2 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S1567-1348(03)00067-4 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30ON UT WOS:000208825400008 PM 12809808 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SI Spradling, P Drociuk, D Ridzon, R Pozsik, CJ Onorato, I AF McLaughlin, SI Spradling, P Drociuk, D Ridzon, R Pozsik, CJ Onorato, I TI Extensive transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among congregated, HIV-infected prison inmates in South Carolina, United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference (EIS) CY APR, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE tuberculosis; outbreak; HIV; prison; congregation ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; EXOGENOUS REINFECTION; ANERGY; AIDS; REACTIVITY; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK AB BACKGROUND: In August 1999, a prison inmate infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This source patient lived in a prison dormitory housing over 300 HIV-infected men, and was symptomatic for at least 2 months prior to diagnosis. We report a large outbreak of TB in HIV-infected prison inmates with subsequent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis outside the prison. METHODS: Exposed inmates were screened by symptom review, chest radiograph and tuberculin skin test (TST) in September and December 1999. We recorded CD4 cell counts, viral loads and receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). RESULTS: The source patient lived on the right side of a two-sided dormitory exclusively housing HIV-infected men. Of 114 men tested from the right side, 75 (66%) had documented TST conversions. Of 96 converters overall, 82 (85%) had TSTs measuring greater than or equal to15 mm. Within 6 months of diagnosis of TB in the source patient, 30 additional inmates and a healthcare worker who cared for the source patient developed TB disease. Two other inmates developed TB disease in spring of 2001. CONCLUSIONS: We describe extensive transmission of M. tuberculosis in a group of HIV-infected prison inmates with high TST conversion rates and subsequent transmission in the community. In settings where HIV-infected persons are congregated, the consequences of TB outbreaks are magnified. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV,STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Dept TB Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, HIV TB & Reprod Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McLaughlin, SI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 7 IS 7 BP 665 EP 672 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 703JQ UT WOS:000184276600011 PM 12870688 ER PT J AU Rawal, BD Degula, A Lebedeva, L Janssen, TS Hecht, FM Sheppard, HW Busch, MP AF Rawal, BD Degula, A Lebedeva, L Janssen, TS Hecht, FM Sheppard, HW Busch, MP TI Development of a new less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay for detection of early HIV-1 infection SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE less-sensitive EIA; HIV testing; HIV incidence; early HIV infection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREVENTION TRIALS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; TESTING STRATEGY; IDENTIFICATION; SYMPTOMS; NETWORK AB The sensitive/less-sensitive (S/LS) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing strategy for discriminating "early" from "longstanding" HIV infection has been widely applied for detecting recent seroconverters and estimating HIV incidence rates. The originally developed assay (3A11-LS EIA; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) involved performance of LS EIAs using a bead-based assay that required specialized equipment and reagents of limited availability. In contrast, 96-microwell-based EIAs are more universally applied for HIV serodiagnosis throughout the world. The authors report development and preliminary validation of an LS protocol using an EIA in a 96-well format: the Vironostika HIV-1 MicroElisa System (Vironostika-LS EIA; Bio Merieux, Raleigh, NC). The results with samples from recent HIV-1 seroconverters, persons with longstanding HIV-1 asymptomatic infection, patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy, and AIDS patients show a high degree of correlation between the Vironostika-LS EIA and 3A11-LS EIA. The authors also demonstrate that the Abbott 3A11-LS EIA and Vironostika-LS EIA performed comparably on HIV-1-positive samples from persons infected with non-B HIV-1 subtypes. These results support the potential use of the Vironostika-LS EIA for detection of recent HIV-1 infections for incidence projections and for other epidemiologic, clinical, and molecular surveillance applications. C1 Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Blood Syst, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Busch, MP (reprint author), Blood Ctr Pacific, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [UO1-AI-41532]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U54/CCU-902948] NR 14 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 33 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 699VT UT WOS:000184077200009 PM 12843746 ER PT J AU Helmkamp, JC Hungerford, DW Williams, JM Manley, WG Furbee, PM Horn, KA Pollock, DA AF Helmkamp, JC Hungerford, DW Williams, JM Manley, WG Furbee, PM Horn, KA Pollock, DA TI Screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems among college students treated in a university hospital emergency department SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE alcohol-related problems; binge drinking; brief intervention; college students; emergency department; screening ID IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT; BRIEF PHYSICIAN ADVICE; BINGE-DRINKING; USE DISORDERS; PRIMARY-CARE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEAVY-DRINKING; HARVARD-SCHOOL; FOLLOW-UP; DRINKERS AB The authors evaluated a protocol to screen and provide brief interventions for alcohol problems to college students treated at a university hospital emergency department (ED). Of 2 372 drinkers they approached, 87% gave informed consent. Of those, 54% screened positive for alcohol problems (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score less than or equal to 6). One half to two thirds of the students who screened positive drank 2 to 3 times a week, drank 7 or more drinks per typical drinking day, or had experienced alcohol dependence symptoms within the past year. Ninety-six percent of screen-positive students accepted counseling during their ED visit. Three quarters of those questioned at 3-month follow-up reported that counseling had been helpful and that they had decreased their alcohol consumption. The prevalence of alcohol problems, high rates of informed consent and acceptance of counseling, and improved outcomes suggest that the ED is an appropriate venue for engaging students at high risk for alcohol problems. C1 W Virginia Univ, Ctr Rural Emergency Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Community Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hungerford, DW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Ctr Rural Emergency Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R49/CCR308469-07] NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 7 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 52 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759CL UT WOS:000187720700002 PM 14717575 ER PT J AU Kato, K Silva, MJ Brock, JW Reidy, JA Malek, NA Hodge, CC Nakazawa, H Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Kato, K Silva, MJ Brock, JW Reidy, JA Malek, NA Hodge, CC Nakazawa, H Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Quantitative detection of nine phthalate metabolites in human serum using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-BUTYL PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; RATS; MALFORMATIONS; DIBUTYL; ESTERS; URINE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hoshi Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Tokyo 142, Japan. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Mail Stop F17,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 19 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 11 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 5 BP 284 EP 289 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 704WW UT WOS:000184365000004 PM 12908941 ER PT J AU Wirth, O Gregory, EW Cutlip, RG Miller, GR AF Wirth, O Gregory, EW Cutlip, RG Miller, GR TI Control and quantitation of voluntary weight-lifting performance of rats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE resistance exercise; operant conditioning; voluntary performance; eccentric and concentric movements ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; HINDLIMB MUSCLES; INJURY; HYPERTROPHY; MODEL; RESTRICTION; DAMAGE AB The present paper describes an exercise model that produces a voluntary hindlimb weightlifting response. Each rat was operantly conditioned to enter a vertical tube, insert its head into a weighted ring ( either 70 g or 700 g), lift the ring until its nose interrupted an infrared detector, and then lower the ring. Load cells measured the external force generated, and displacement transducers measured the vertical displacement of the ring during each lifting and lowering movement. The apparatus and training procedures were computer automated. Peak force, velocity, work, and power were calculated for each movement. Rats in both groups easily acquired the task after 12 - 15 training sessions, on average, conducted 5 days/wk. Once rats were trained, the lifting patterns were quite stable during several more weeks of posttraining exercise; however, the lighter 70-g load gave rise to more variable performances across rats. Results demonstrate the utility of quantitating the biomechanics of volitional movements and suggest that the present model can establish and maintain controlled repetitive movements necessary for studies of adaptation and/or injury in muscles, tendon, and bone. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wirth, O (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Don Nehlen Dr MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 402 EP 412 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00919.2002 PG 11 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 687AY UT WOS:000183354700050 PM 12665538 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM AF Hootman, JM TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Letter ID TRIALS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Arthrit Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Arthrit Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 732CJ UT WOS:000185923000003 ER PT J AU Duck, WM Steward, CD Banerjee, SN McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Duck, WM Steward, CD Banerjee, SN McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Optimization of computer software settings improves accuracy of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis macrorestriction fragment pattern analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; POLYMORPHISM PATTERNS; STRAINS; SURVEILLANCE; MULTICENTER; PACKAGES; FAECALIS AB Computer-assisted analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) libraries can facilitate comparisons of fragment patterns present on multiple gels. We evaluated the ability of the Advanced Analysis (version 4.01) and Database (version 1.12) modules of the Phoretix gel analysis software package (Nonlinear USA, Inc., Durham, N.C.) to accurately match DNA fragment patterns. Two gels containing 38 lanes of SmaI-digested Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF DNA were analyzed to assess the impact of (i) varying the lane position of the standards, (ii) using gel plugs made at different times, and (iii) normalizing the fragment patterns by using molecular weight (MW) algorithms versus retardation factor (R-f) algorithms. Two sets of PFGE libraries (one containing SmaI restriction patterns from 62 Enterococcus faecium isolates and the other containing SmaI restriction patterns of 89 Staphylococcus aureus isolates) were analyzed to assess the impact of varying the matching tolerance algorithm (designated as the vector box setting [VBS]) in the Phoretix software. Varying the lane position of standards on a gel and using gel plugs made on different days resulted in different VBSs, although it was not possible to judge whether those differences were statistically significant. Normalization of E. faecalis OG1RF fragment patterns by Rf and MW methodology yielded no statistically significant differences in variability between the same fragment on different lanes. Suboptimal VBSs decreased the specificity with which related isolates were grouped together in dendrograms. The optimal VBS for analysis of PFGE fragment patterns from E. faecalis isolates differed from that for S. aureus isolates and sometimes was not that recommended by the manufacturer. Thus, computer-assisted analysis of PFGE patterns seemed to compensate for the intra- and intergel variation evaluated in the present study, and optimizing the software for the species to be tested was a critical preliminary step before further PFGE library analysis. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steward, CD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd,NE,Rm L-21, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 21 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 3035 EP 3042 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3035-3042.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701MF UT WOS:000184170800036 PM 12843039 ER PT J AU Sawadogo, S Adje-Toure, C Bile, CE Ekpini, REA Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN AF Sawadogo, S Adje-Toure, C Bile, CE Ekpini, REA Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN TI Field evaluation of the gag-based heteroduplex mobility assay for genetic subtyping of circulating recombinant forms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; HIV TYPE-1; CENTRAL-AFRICA; STRAINS; WEST; ENV; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY AB The gag-based heteroduplex mobility assay (gag-HMA) was evaluated for its ease and reliability in subtyping circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Cote d'Ivoire. One hundred thirty-two plasma samples were analyzed blindly for HIV-1 subtypes by sequencing the pol gene and by gag-HMA. DNA sequencing was used as the "gold standard." Of the 132 samples sequenced, 108 (82%) were CRF02_AG, 14 (11%) were pure subtype A, 5 (4%) were subtype G, 3 (2%) were subtype D, 1 was CRF01_AE, and I was subtype H. The gag-HMA correctly classified 126 (95.5%) of the samples. Of the 108 samples that were classified as CRF02_AG by DNA sequencing, 107 (99%) were correctly identified by gag-HMA, resulting in a positive predictive value of 96.4%. The gag-HMA seems to be a valuable tool for understanding the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 CRF02_AG in Cote d'Ivoire and West Africa, which could be important for developing and evaluating AIDS vaccines, although DNA sequencing remains necessary for accurate molecular epidemiology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 3056 EP 3059 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3056-3059.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701MF UT WOS:000184170800040 PM 12843043 ER PT J AU Laird, AR Gentsch, JR Nakagomi, T Nakagomi, O Glass, RI AF Laird, AR Gentsch, JR Nakagomi, T Nakagomi, O Glass, RI TI Characterization of serotype G9 rotavirus strains isolated in the United States and India from 1993 to 2001 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; BRAZILIAN CHILDREN; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; HIGH PREVALENCE; ACUTE DIARRHEA; RNA PATTERN AB The emergence of rotavirus serotype G9 as a possible fifth globally common serotype in the last decade, together with its increasing detection in association with various genome constellations, raises questions about the origins and epidemiological importance of recent G9 isolates. We examined a collection of 40 G9 strains isolated in the United States from 1996 to 2001 and in India since 1993 to determine their VP7 gene sequences, P types, E types, subgroup specificities, and RNA-RNA hybridization profiles. With the exception of two U.S. strains, all of the study strains shared high VP7 gene sequence homology (<2.5% sequence divergence on both the nucleotide and amino acid levels) and were more closely related to other recent isolates than to the first G9 strains isolated in the 1980s. The VP7 gene sequence and RNA-RNA hybridization profiles of the long-E-type strains showed greater variation than the short-E-type strains, suggesting that the latter strains are the result of a relatively recent reassortment event of the G9 VP7 gene into a short-E-type lineage. No evidence for reassortment of genes other than VP4 and VP7 between major human rotavirus genogroups was observed. Except for Om46 and Om67, which formed a distinct clade, phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the study strains grouped together, with some subgroups forming according to genetic constellation, geographic location, and date of isolation. The high potential of G9 strains to generate different P and G serotype combinations through reassortment suggests that it will be important to determine if current vaccines provide heterotypic protection against these strains and underscores the need for continued surveillance for G9 and other unusual or emerging rotavirus strains. C1 US Dept HHS, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Akita Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Akita 0108543, Japan. RP Gentsch, JR (reprint author), CDC, NCID, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 74 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 3100 EP 3111 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3100-3111.2003 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701MF UT WOS:000184170800046 PM 12843049 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Raney, PM Williams, PP Rasheed, JK Biddle, JW Oliver, A Fridkin, SK Jevitt, L McGowan, JE AF Tenover, FC Raney, PM Williams, PP Rasheed, JK Biddle, JW Oliver, A Fridkin, SK Jevitt, L McGowan, JE TI Evaluation of the NCCLS extended-spectrum beta-lactamase confirmation methods for Escherichia coli with isolates collected during project ICARE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; PROTEUS-MIRABILIS; UNITED-STATES; STRAIN; LABORATORIES; SEQUENCE; EFFLUX AB To determine whether confirmatory tests for extended-spectrum P-lactamase (ESBL) production in Escherichia coli are necessary, we selected 131 E. coli isolates that met the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) screening criteria for potential ESBL production from the Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) strain collection. For all 131 isolates, the broth microdilution (BMD) MIC of at least one extended-spectrum cephalosporin was greater than or equal to2 mug/ml. For 21 of 131 (16%) isolates, the ESBL confirmatory test was positive; i.e., the BMD MICs of ceftazidime or cefotaxime decreased by greater than or equal to3 doubling dilutions in the presence of clavulanic acid (CA) or the disk diffusion zone diameters increased by greater than or equal to5 mm around ceftazidime or cefotaxime disks in the presence of CA. All 21 isolates were shown by PCR to contain at least one of the genes bla(TEM), bla(SHV), and bla(OXA), and in isoelectric focusing (IEF) tests, all isolates demonstrated at least one P-lactamase band consistent with a TEM, SRV, or OXA enzyme. Of the 21 isolates, 3 showed a CA effect for cefotaxime by BMD but not by disk diffusion testing. A total of 59 (45%) of the 131 isolates demonstrated decreased susceptibility to cefpodoxime alone (MIC = 2 to 4 mug/ml), and none had a positive ESBL confirmatory test result. These were classified as false positives according to ESBL screen test results. For the remaining 51 (39%) isolates, the cefpodoxime MICs ranged from 16 to >128 mug/ml and the MICs for the other extended-spectrum cephalosporins were highly variable. All 51 isolates gave negative ESBL confirmatory test results. Most showed IEF profiles consistent with production of both a TEM and an AmpC P-lactamase, and representative isolates of several phenotypic groups showed changes in porin profiles; these 51 isolates were considered true negatives. In all, only 16% of 131 E. coli isolates identified as potential ESBL producers by the current NCCLS screening criteria were confirmed as ESBL producers. Thus, changing the interpretation of extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam results from the susceptible to the resistant category without confirming the presence of an ESBL phenotype would lead to a large percentage of false resistance results and is not recommended. However, by increasing the cefpodoxime MIC screening breakpoint to greater than or equal to8 mug/ml, 45% of the false-positive results could be eliminated. NCCLS has incorporated this change in the cefpodoxime screening breakpoint in its recent documents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Hosp SOn Dureta, Microbiol Serv, Palma de Mallorca 07014, Spain. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Oliver, Antonio/E-4048-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 OI Oliver, Antonio/0000-0001-9327-1894; NR 32 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 3142 EP 3146 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3142-3146.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701MF UT WOS:000184170800051 PM 12843054 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Dunnebacke, TH Booton, GC Yagi, S Kohlmeier, CK Glaser, C Vugia, D Bakardjiev, A Azimi, P Maddux-Gonzalez, M Martinez, AJ Visvesvara, GS AF Schuster, FL Dunnebacke, TH Booton, GC Yagi, S Kohlmeier, CK Glaser, C Vugia, D Bakardjiev, A Azimi, P Maddux-Gonzalez, M Martinez, AJ Visvesvara, GS TI Environmental isolation of Balamuthia mandrillaris associated with a case of amebic encephalitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPPORTUNISTIC AMEBAS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT; RNA; ASSAY AB This report describes the first isolation of the ameba Balamuthia mandrillaris from an environmental soil sample associated with a fatal case of amebic encephalitis in a northern California child. Isolation of the ameba into culture from autopsied brain tissue confirmed the presence of Balamuthia. In trying to locate a possible source of infection, soil and water samples from the child's home and play areas were examined for the presence of Balamuthia. The environmental samples (plated onto nonnutrient agar with Escherichia coli as a food source) contained, in addition to the ameba, a variety of soil organisms, including other amebas, ciliates, fungi, and nematodes, as contaminants. Presumptive Balamuthia amebas were recognized only after cultures had been kept for several weeks, after they had burrowed into the agar. These were transferred through a succession of nonnutrient agar plates to eliminate fungal and other contaminants. In subsequent transfers, axenic Naegleria amebas and, later, tissue cultures (monkey kidney cells) served as the food source. Finally, the amebas were transferred to cell-free axenic medium. In vitro, the Balamuthia isolate is a slow-growing organism with a generation time of similar to30 h and produces populations of similar to2 x 10(5) amebas per ml. It was confirmed as Balamuthia by indirect immunofluorescence staining with rabbit anti-Balamuthia serum and human anti-Balamuthia antibody-containing serum from the amebic encephalitis patient. The environmental isolate is similar in its antimicrobial sensitivities and identical in its 16S ribosomal DNA sequences to the Balamuthia isolate from the deceased patient. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Sonoma Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Santa Rosa, CA USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Presbyterian Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. NR 16 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 3175 EP 3180 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3175-3180.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701MF UT WOS:000184170800057 PM 12843060 ER PT J AU Xiao, N Mamuti, W Yamasaki, H Sako, Y Nakao, M Nakaya, K Gottstein, B Schantz, PM Lightowlers, MW Craig, PS Ito, A AF Xiao, N Mamuti, W Yamasaki, H Sako, Y Nakao, M Nakaya, K Gottstein, B Schantz, PM Lightowlers, MW Craig, PS Ito, A TI Evaluation of use of recombinant Em18 and affinity-purified Em18 for serological differentiation of alveolar echinococcosis from cystic echinococcosis and other parasitic infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCULARIS; GRANULOSUS; CHINA AB To further evaluate recombinant Em18 antigen (rEm18) for immunodiagnosis of human alveolar echinococcosis, 208 serum samples were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To comparatively assess the results of rEm18-ELISA, ELISA and immunoblot analysis with two affinity-purified native antigens were also performed with 45 selected serum samples. The results indicate that rEm18 is highly useful for serodiagnosis. C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Asahikawa Med Coll, Anim Lab Med Res, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Sichuan Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Xinjiang Med Univ, Dept Parasitol, Urumqi, Peoples R China. Univ Bern, Inst Parasitol, Bern, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Melbourne, Ctr Vet Clin, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Div Biol Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Ito, A (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014; Lightowlers, Marshall/L-5966-2015 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187; Lightowlers, Marshall/0000-0002-6655-0086 FU FIC NIH HHS [1 R01 TW01565-01, R01 TW001565] NR 10 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 3351 EP 3353 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3351-3353.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701MF UT WOS:000184170800088 PM 12843091 ER PT J AU Angra, P Ridderhof, J Smithwick, R AF Angra, P Ridderhof, J Smithwick, R TI Comparison of two different strengths of carbol fuchsin in Ziehl-Neelsen staining for detecting acid-fast bacilli SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PHPPO, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DASTLR, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Angra, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, PHPPO, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 3459 EP 3459 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3459.2003 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701MF UT WOS:000184170800123 PM 12843125 ER PT J AU Matsushita, A Jilong, L Hiruma, M Kobayashi, M Matsumoto, T Ogawa, H Padhye, AA AF Matsushita, A Jilong, L Hiruma, M Kobayashi, M Matsumoto, T Ogawa, H Padhye, AA TI Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Veronaea botryosa in the People's Republic of China (vol 41, pg 2219, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Juntendo Univ, Dept Dermatol, Urayasu Hosp, Chiba, Japan. Juntendo Univ, Dept Dermatol, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. Toshiba Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Tokyo, Japan. Shuangdian Township Clin, Donghai, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matsushita, A (reprint author), Juntendo Univ, Dept Dermatol, Urayasu Hosp, Chiba, Japan. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 3464 EP 3464 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3464.2003 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 701MF UT WOS:000184170800128 ER PT J AU Kershaw, TS Niccolai, LM Ethier, KA Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR AF Kershaw, TS Niccolai, LM Ethier, KA Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR TI Perceived susceptibility to pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease among pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH BELIEF MODEL; RISK-FACTORS; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; SAFER-SEX; AIDS RISK; HIV AIDS; WOMEN; PERCEPTIONS; BEHAVIOR; VULNERABILITY AB This study of urban adolescent females investigated predictors of perceived susceptibility to single and dual sexual outcomes (pregnancy only, sexually transmitted disease [STD] only, pregnancy and STDs). Thirty percent of participants felt susceptible to dual sexual outcomes. We developed a predictive model of perceived susceptibility to pregnancy/STDs from sexual risk-behavior, sexual consequences (e.g., recent pregnancy and STD), relationship, cognitive, psychological, and personal factors. Dual pregnancy and STD susceptibility was associated with more than one sexual partner in the past year, no hormonal contraception use, inconsistent condom use, not being pregnant, and White race. In contrast, pregnancy-only susceptibility was associated with only hormonal contraceptive use and not being pregnant. Finally, STD susceptibility was associated with more than one sexual partner in the past year, no hormonal contraceptive use, and low self-esteem. We must understand how individuals perceive their susceptibility to complex combinations of reproductive health outcomes (e.g., pregnancy and STDs) to design interventions to increase condom and contraceptive use among adolescent females. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kershaw, TS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 135 Coll St,Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0090-4392 J9 J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL JI J. Community Psychol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 419 EP 434 DI 10.1002/jcop.10059 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 689NB UT WOS:000183498700008 ER PT J AU Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC Caudill, SP Needham, LL AF Valentin-Blasini, L Blount, BC Caudill, SP Needham, LL TI Urinary and serum concentrations of seven phytoestrogens in a human reference population subset SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoestrogens; lignans; isoflavones; human; exposure; urine; serum ID ISOFLAVONOID PHYTOESTROGEN; LIGNAN EXCRETION; MAMMARY-CANCER; WOMEN; GENISTEIN; CONSUMPTION; METABOLISM; ESTROGENS; DIETS; MEN AB Diets rich in naturally occurring plant estrogens (phytoestrogens) are strongly associated with a decreased risk for cancer and heart disease in humans. Phytoestrogens have estrogenic and, in some cases, antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic properties, and may contribute to the protective effect of some diets. However, little information is available about the levels of these phytoestrogens in the general US population. Therefore, levels of phytoestrogens were determined in urine (N = 199) and serum (N = 208) samples taken from a nonrepresentative subset of adults who participated in NHANES III, 1988 1994. The phytoestrogens quantified were the lignans (enterolactone, enterodiol, matairesinol); the isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, equol, O-desmethylangolensin); and coumestrol (urine only). Phytoestrogens with the highest mean urinary levels were enterolactone (512 ng/ml), daidzein (317 ng/ml), and genistein (129 ng/ml). In serum, the concentrations were much less and the relative order was reversed, with genistein having the highest mean level (4.7 ng/ml), followed by daidzein (3.9 ng/ml) and enterolactone (3.6 ng/ml). Highly significant correlations of phytoestrogen levels in urine and serum samples from the same persons were observed for enterolactone, enterodiol, genistein, and daidzein. Determination of phytoestrogen concentrations in large study populations will give a better insight into the actual dietary exposure to these biologically active compounds in the US population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Valentin-Blasini, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 28 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500278 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 702KZ UT WOS:000184224200004 PM 12923554 ER PT J AU Noonan, CW Kathman, SJ Sarasua, SM White, MC AF Noonan, CW Kathman, SJ Sarasua, SM White, MC TI Influence of environmental zinc on the association between environmental and biological measures of lead in children SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; lead; zinc; soil; dust; blood lead ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CHILDHOOD BLOOD LEAD; 2ND NATIONAL-HEALTH; ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN; SOIL INGESTION; IRON STATUS; ABSORPTION; EXPOSURE; MODEL; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Exposure to lead, a common environmental contaminant found at hazardous waste sites, has been associated with adverse health effects to humans. Zinc, a nutritionally essential metal, may influence both the absorption and the toxicity of lead. The purpose of this study was to determine if zinc levels present in the environment affect the association between environmental lead measured in two small communities in the northeastern United States and biological measurements of lead in the residents of these communities. Soil and dust sampled in and around the homes of all participants were tested for lead and zinc. Residents aged 6 months to 14 years (n = 214) provided blood samples for the determination of blood lead concentrations. Soil and dust measurements of environmental lead were positively associated with blood lead, regardless of the corresponding zinc levels in these samples. However, the magnitude of this association was 20% to 46% lower in areas with high environmental measures of zinc. The interactions between environmental lead and environmental zinc levels and blood lead concentrations suggest that zinc may influence the association between soil and dust lead and corresponding blood lead levels. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Noonan, CW (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012; Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962; NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500286 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 702KZ UT WOS:000184224200007 PM 12923557 ER PT J AU Stratford, D Chamblee, S Ellerbrock, TV Johnson, JW Abbott, D Reyn, CF Horsburgh, CR AF Stratford, D Chamblee, S Ellerbrock, TV Johnson, JW Abbott, D Reyn, CF Horsburgh, CR TI Integration of a participatory research strategy into a rural health survey SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE participatory research; tuberculosis; HIV; AIDS ID BELLE-GLADE; TUBERCULOSIS; COMMUNITY; INVOLVEMENT; OUTBREAK; FLORIDA AB The Glades Health Survey, a population-based survey of tuberculosis and HIV infection, provides a model for building community-research partnerships with local health departments in ethnically diverse communities. The survey was initiated without broad community participation; a year and a half of organizing established community leadership of the project. Essential factors in the success of the project included a shared objective, direct confrontation of fears about research, inclusion of all socioeconomic and racial/ethnic groups, and community participation in performing the research. These activities led to establishment of a community-based organization that received funding for HIV counseling and testing and HIV prevention case management. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Glades Hlth Initiat Inc, Belle Glade, FL USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Horsburgh, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 715 Albany St,T-3E, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 586 EP 588 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21038.x PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 699EG UT WOS:000184042500011 PM 12848842 ER PT J AU Agrawal, AG Petersen, LR AF Agrawal, AG Petersen, LR TI Human immunoglobulin as a treatment for West Nile virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ALPHAVIRUS INFECTION; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; GAMMA-GLOBULIN; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY; MODEL; RIBAVIRIN; OUTBREAK; NEURONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 38 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1086/376871 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 696UK UT WOS:000183905800001 PM 12825164 ER PT J AU Huang, PW Farkas, T Marionneau, S Zhong, WM Ruvoen-Clouet, N Morrow, AL Altaye, M Pickering, LK Newburg, DS LePendu, J Jiang, X AF Huang, PW Farkas, T Marionneau, S Zhong, WM Ruvoen-Clouet, N Morrow, AL Altaye, M Pickering, LK Newburg, DS LePendu, J Jiang, X TI Noroviruses bind to human ABO, Lewis, and secretor histo-blood group antigens: Identification of 4 distinct strain-specific patterns SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS OUTBREAKS; UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; URINARY-TRACT INFECTIONS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CAPSID PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES AB We characterized the binding of 8 Noroviruses (NORs) to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in human saliva using recombinant NOR (rNOR) capsid proteins. Among the 8 rNORs tested, 6 formed viruslike particles (VLPs) when the capsid proteins were expressed in insect cells, all of which revealed variable binding activities with saliva; the remaining 2 rNORs did not form VLPs, and the proteins did not bind, or bound weakly, to saliva. Four distinct binding patterns were associated with different histo-blood types, defined by Lewis, secretor, and ABO types. Three patterns (VA387, NV, and MOH) recognized secretors, and 1 pattern (VA207) recognized Lewis-positive nonsecretors. The 3 secretor-recognizing patterns were defined as A/B (MOH), A/O (NV), and A/B/O (VA387) binders. Oligosaccharides containing the Lewis and ABH antigenic epitopes were involved in binding. Our findings suggest that different strains of NORs may recognize different human HBGAs on intestinal epithelial cells as receptors for infection. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. Inst Biol, INSERM, U419, Nantes, France. RP Jiang, X (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RI Altaye, Mekibib/N-5274-2015; Le Pendu, Jacques/F-4760-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI37093-5]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD13021-24] NR 42 TC 237 Z9 257 U1 2 U2 29 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1086/375742 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 696UK UT WOS:000183905800004 PM 12825167 ER PT J AU Frey, CR Sharp, MA Min, AS Schmid, DS Loparev, V Arvin, AM AF Frey, CR Sharp, MA Min, AS Schmid, DS Loparev, V Arvin, AM TI Identification of CD8+ T cell epitopes in the immediate early 62 protein (IE62) of Varicella-Zoster virus, and evaluation of frequency of CD8+ T cell response to IE62, by use of IE62 peptides after varicella vaccination SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CYTOKINE EXPRESSION; INFECTED-CELLS; INTRACELLULAR DETECTION; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; GLYCOPROTEINS AB Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella, establishes neuronal latency, and can reactivate, resulting in herpes zoster. VZV-specific T cells are important for controlling infection. VZV immediate early protein 62 (IE62) is recognized by cytotoxic T cells from immune individuals, but no CD8(+) T cell epitopes have been defined for any VZV protein. CD8(+) T cell frequencies were assessed by cytokine flow cytometry (CFC), by use of synthetic-peptide pools corresponding to the IE62 sequence. IE62 peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells were below the threshold of detection, by direct CFC of either whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Activated CD8(+) CD69(+) T cells that produced interferon-gamma were detectable after in vitro restimulation of PBMCs, and restricted epitopes were identified for HLA-A*0201-positive subjects. Varicella vaccination of 3 VZV-immune subjects was associated with increases in IE62 peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells, a finding indicating that in vivo re-exposure boosts memory immunity to this important viral protein. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Witten Herdecke, Fac Biosci, Witten, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arvin, AM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, G-312,300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI20459] NR 37 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1086/375828 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 696UK UT WOS:000183905800006 PM 12825169 ER PT J AU Prosniak, M Faber, M Hanlon, CA Rupprecht, CE Hooper, DC Dietzschold, B AF Prosniak, M Faber, M Hanlon, CA Rupprecht, CE Hooper, DC Dietzschold, B TI Development of a cocktail of recombinant-expressed human rabies virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for postexposure prophylaxis of rabies SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Meeting on Research Advances and Rabies Control in Americas CY NOV 03-08, 2002 CL OAXACA CITY, MEXICO ID GLYCOPROTEIN; PATHOGENESIS AB To provide a cost-effective and safe replacement for human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), we used DNA recombinant technology to express 3 human rabies virus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (huMAbs) in a rhabdovirus vector (RhV). Infection of either baby hamster kidney cells or CHO cells, with the resulting RhV-huMAb recombinant viruses, yielded high-level production (less than or equal to40 mug/mL/48 h) of RhV recombinant-expressed huMAbs (rhuMAbs) that differ in both isotype and epitope-recognition specificity. A cocktail of these rhuMAbs neutralizes several fixed and street wildtype rabies viruses (RVs). Mice and hamsters treated only once with this rhuMAb cocktail after infection with a lethal dose of RV were protected. In the mouse models, the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) efficacy obtained with the rhuMAb cocktail was comparable to that obtained with HRIG, a finding strongly suggesting that rhuMAbs should be given serious consideration for use in future PEP of humans. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietzschold, B (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. OI Hooper, Douglas/0000-0002-8578-5104 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 450079] NR 14 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1086/375247 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 696UK UT WOS:000183905800007 PM 12825170 ER PT J AU Benin, AL O'Brien, KL Watt, JP Reid, R Zell, ER Katz, S Donaldson, C Parkinson, A Schuchat, A Santosham, M Whitney, CG AF Benin, AL O'Brien, KL Watt, JP Reid, R Zell, ER Katz, S Donaldson, C Parkinson, A Schuchat, A Santosham, M Whitney, CG TI Effectiveness of the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in Navajo adults SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; CONJUGATE VACCINE; HIGH-RISK; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Invasive pneumococcal disease occurs 2-3-fold more often among Navajo adults than among adults in the general United States population. The objective of this observational study was to determine the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) among Navajo adults. Active surveillance identified cases of invasive pneumococcal disease during 1996-1997. Three control patients per case patient were matched according to underlying medical conditions, sex, age, and location of medical care. Effectiveness was calculated by regression analysis of case-control sets and by indirect cohort methodology. Diabetes and alcoholism occurred in 41% and 43% of 108 case patients, respectively; 62% of case patients and 64% of control patients were immunized. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], -29% to 58%); 15% (95% CI, -116% to 67%) for patients with diabetes and -5% (95% CI, -141% to 54%) for patients with alcoholism. Overall vaccine effectiveness, as determined by use of the indirect cohort methodology, was 35% (95% CI, -33% to 69%). PPV23 was not significantly effective among Navajo adults and may be inadequate to prevent serious pneumococcal disease in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1086/375782 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 696UK UT WOS:000183905800012 PM 12825175 ER PT J AU Ohmit, SE Sobel, JD Schuman, P Duerr, A Mayer, K Rompalo, A Klein, RS AF Ohmit, SE Sobel, JD Schuman, P Duerr, A Mayer, K Rompalo, A Klein, RS CA HERS Grp TI Longitudinal study of mucosal Candida species colonization and candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and at-risk HIV-seronegative women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VULVO-VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS; ORAL CANDIDIASIS; FLUCONAZOLE RESISTANCE; INFECTED PATIENTS; DRUG-USERS; ASSOCIATION; ALBICANS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SMOKING; DISEASE AB Acquisition and loss rates and estimates of duration of oral and vaginal Candida species colonization and candidiasis were examined among 868 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and 437 at-risk HIV-seronegative women monitored prospectively during 1993-1999. Colonization and candidiasis acquisition rates, both oral and vaginal, were significantly higher among HIV-seropositive women; the magnitude of increase in candidiasis outcomes for HIV-seropositive women was greater for oral candidiasis than for vaginal candidiasis. Loss rates and estimates of duration of incident outcomes indicated that persistent mucosal colonization was more likely among HIV-seropositive women. However, results did not suggest persistent mucosal candidiasis. Higher HIV loads were significantly associated with increased odds of incident or persistent oral and vaginal colonization and candidiasis, an effect significantly reduced by highly active antiretroviral therapy for the incident outcomes of oral candidiasis and vaginal colonization. Cell-mediated immunodeficiency (CD4(+) lymphocyte count <500 cells/mm(3)) was significantly associated with increased odds of oral colonization or candidiasis, but not with vaginal colonization or candidiasis. In HIV-seropositive women, mucosal candidiasis is the consequence of multiple interacting factors. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Ohmit, SE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Observ 109, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU200714, U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795] NR 30 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1086/375746 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 696UK UT WOS:000183905800017 PM 12825180 ER PT J AU Schuman, P Ohmit, SE Klein, RS Duerr, A Cu-Uvin, S Jamieson, DJ Anderson, J Shah, KV AF Schuman, P Ohmit, SE Klein, RS Duerr, A Cu-Uvin, S Jamieson, DJ Anderson, J Shah, KV CA HERS Grp TI Longitudinal study of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and at-risk HIV-seronegative women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; NEOPLASIA; PREVALENCE; CANCER; REPRODUCIBILITY; ABNORMALITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSES AB We examined incidence and correlates of progression and regression of abnormal cervical cytologic test results, defined as at least low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), in 774 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and 391 HIV-seronegative women monitored semiannually for up to 5.5 years. During follow-up, 224 (35%) HIV-seropositive women and 34 (9%) HIV-seronegative women had incident SILs detected by Pap test; 47 (7%) HIV-seropositive women developed high-grade lesions. The incidence of SILs was 11.5 cases among HIV-seropositive and 2.6 cases among HIV-seronegative women per 100 person-years of observation (rate ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-6.4; P < .001). Risk of incident SILs and likelihood of Pap test progression were increased among HIV-seropositive women with CD4(+) lymphocyte counts <500 cells/mm(3) and among women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, with risk-ordering from low- to high-risk HPV type. SIL regression was less likely among HIV-seropositive women with higher HIV loads. No beneficial effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy was demonstrated. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ohmit, SE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Observ 109, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU200714, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU506831] NR 37 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1086/375783 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 696UK UT WOS:000183905800018 PM 12825181 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Light, M Gimnig, JE Hightower, A Vulule, JM Hawley, WA AF Lehmann, T Light, M Gimnig, JE Hightower, A Vulule, JM Hawley, WA TI Spatial and temporal variation in kinship among Anopheles gambiae (Diptera : Culicidae) mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles dispersal; kinship; genetic-relatedness malaria; population structure ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; WESTERN KENYA; PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; MALARIA VECTORS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MOLECULAR MARKERS; DRY SEASON; ARABIENSIS; AFRICA AB Genetic relatedness (kinship) among Anopheles gambiae Giles female mosquitoes was assessed using microsatellite loci in five locations across Africa and in nine samples taken between 1994 and 1999 in western Kenya. We assessed variation among samples in kinship as well as the effect of distance on kinship. Relatedness within populations was low, and differences among samples taken at various times from one locate and from different locales were minimal. Mosquitoes collected from the same compound were slightly more closely related than those collected from different compounds. Our results suggest that newly emerged female siblings move relatively short distances into a few nearby compounds for blood feeding, but that they lay eggs in a more distant location. Kinship decreased nonlinearly with increasing distance. The strongest relationship between kinship and distance was observed for mosquitoes collected 0-3 km apart (-0.014/km, P < 0.001). The effect of distance decreased with increasing distance between mosquitoes; at 7 km or more, the kinship/ distance slope approached zero and the intercept became negative, suggesting that beyond this range kinship does not decline with distance. This distance may thus represent the upper limit of the diameter of the basic reproductive unit. Nevertheless, the effect of distance on kinship is weak, reflecting extensive dispersal. Because females mate within days after emergence from larval habitats, where the likelihood of mating with a sibling is presumably highest, we propose a slight inbreeding effect. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.4.421 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 705TJ UT WOS:000184410900007 PM 14680105 ER PT J AU Bacon, RM Gilmore, RD Quintana, M Piesman, J Johnson, BJB AF Bacon, RM Gilmore, RD Quintana, M Piesman, J Johnson, BJB TI DNA evidence of Borrelia lonestari in Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) in Southeast Missouri SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia; flagellin; 16S rRNA; Amblyomma; Missouri ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; TICK; BURGDORFERI; CAROLINA; ILLNESS; ALABAMA; GEORGIA AB Amblyomma americanum collected near Lake Wappapello, Missouri, tested positive for Borrelia lonestari using polymerase chain reaction and sequence analyses of B. lonestari 16S rRNA and flagellin (flaB) genes. Twelve pools containing a total of 214 nymph or adult ticks contained evidence of infection with B. lonestari (minimum prevalence 5.6%). These data suggest that persons in southeast Missouri are at risk for exposure to B. lonestari after A. americanum tick bite, a possible cause of erythema migrans-like rash illness in this region. Derivation of the complete coding sequence for B. lonestari flaB is also reported. C1 CDC, NCID, DVBID, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Bacon, RM (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DVBID, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 590 EP 592 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 705TJ UT WOS:000184410900035 PM 14680133 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Bacon, RM Carpio, AM Piesman, J Dolan, MC Mbow, ML AF Gilmore, RD Bacon, RM Carpio, AM Piesman, J Dolan, MC Mbow, ML TI Inability of outer-surface protein C (OspC)-primed mice to elicit a protective anamnestic immune response to a tick-transmitted challenge of Borrelia burgdorferi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECORIN-BINDING-PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE; CONFORMATIONAL NATURE; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; RECOMBINANT OSPC; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; SERODIAGNOSIS; TRANSMISSION; VACCINATION AB A one-inoculation regimen of recombinant outer-surface protein C (OspC), which has been demonstrated to elicit protective immunity against a tick-borne challenge of Borrelia burgdorferi, was administered to outbred mice. Following seroconversion, the serum antibody titre against OspC was allowed to wane with time until there was little or no detection of anti-OspC antibodies by immunoblot. The mice were then challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi by tick transmission. Eleven of 12 OspC-primed mice subsequently became infected by B. burgdorferi, demonstrating that a protective anamnestic response was not generated in these mice following the introduction of infectious OspC-expressing spirochaetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Bacteriol Sect, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, DVBID,Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lyme Dis Vector Sect, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, DVBID,Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept, Ft Collins, CO USA. Centocor Inc, Dept Biol, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Bacteriol Sect, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, DVBID,Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 52 IS 7 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.05068-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 702PZ UT WOS:000184233400004 PM 12808075 ER PT J AU Koblin, BA Factor, SH Wu, YF Vlahov, D AF Koblin, BA Factor, SH Wu, YF Vlahov, D TI Hepatitis C virus infection among noninjecting drug users in New York City SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; epidemiology; drug users; risk behaviors ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; HCV INFECTION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; B VIRUS; PREVALENCE; HIV; BALTIMORE AB The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among noninjecting drug users has been reported to be higher than in the general population, but the reasons for this observation remain unclear. Noninjecting drug users aged 1540 years and who used drugs for no longer than 10 years were enrolled in the study. The participants were interviewed about risk behaviors and had specimens drawn for serological testing. Of 276 enrolled, 4.7% were infected with HCV. Drug users who had ever sniffed or snorted heroin in combination with cocaine were significantly more likely to be infected with HCV compared with those who never sniffed or snorted heroin with cocaine. No other drug use or sexual risk behaviors were found to be associated with HCV infection. These findings suggest that sniffing or snorting heroin with cocaine may explain the increase frequently found in HCV infection among noninjectors, but further studies are necessary. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 New York Blood Ctr, Lab Infect Dis Prevent, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Koblin, BA (reprint author), New York Blood Ctr, Lab Infect Dis Prevent, 310 E 67th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA13146-01, R01 DA12801-01] NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 70 IS 3 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1002/jmv.10407 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 684MK UT WOS:000183211000008 PM 12767001 ER PT J AU Flint, MS Depree, KM Rich, BA Tinkle, SS AF Flint, MS Depree, KM Rich, BA Tinkle, SS TI Differential regulation of sensitizer-induced inflammation and immunity by acute restraint stress in allergic contact dermatitis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Langerhans cell; sensitization; skin; neuroimmunology; inflammation ID EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; DRAINING LYMPH-NODES; CD8(+) T-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ANTIGEN; MIGRATION; MATURATION; GLUCOCORTICOIDS AB Previously, we demonstrated that restraint stress applied before chemical sensitization modulates allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) differently than restraint applied before challenge. In this study, we asked if these dichotomous restraint-induced changes reflect modulation of the cutaneous microenvironment or changes in development of antigen-specific immunity in the lymph node (LN) of BALB/c mice. Our data confirm that restraint suppresses T cell-dependent immunity in ACD when applied prior to sensitization or prior to challenge and demonstrate that the stress-induced increase in ear swelling is due to heightened inflammation associated with ACD and is dependent upon the sensitization status of the mouse. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Tinkle, SS (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. OI Flint, Melanie/0000-0001-5311-3023 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0165-5728(03)00163-2 PG 13 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 709DZ UT WOS:000184610600003 PM 12864969 ER PT J AU Morata, TC AF Morata, TC TI Chemical exposure as a risk factor for hearing loss SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; NOISE; TOLUENE; RAT; POTENTIATION; WORKERS; COCHLEA AB In 2002t he National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the National Hearing Conservation Association cosponsored the "Best Practices Workshop: Combined Effects of Chemicals and Noise on Hearing." This article summarizes the main results of the Workshop. Its goals were to review the knowledge of chemical ototoxicity and to stimulate participant discussion on how to address this fisk. Speakers provided an overview of the effects of chemicals on the auditory system (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/noiseandchem/nolseandchem.html). Research priorities were discussed in concurrent working group sessions. The Workshop concluded with a panel of the groups' facilitators reporting on these sessions. The following key issues were identified: rationale and proposal of a list of priority chemicals; valid procedures for exposure (animal studies), exposure assessment, and audiological testing; need for mechanistic research and a Response Level; recommendations for preventive actions, and information dissemination. (J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:676-682). C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Morata, TC (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, C27,4976 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 7 BP 676 EP 682 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000071507.96740.70 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701YV UT WOS:000184197300003 PM 12855908 ER PT J AU MacDonald, LA Deddens, JA Grajewski, BA Whelan, EA Hurrell, JJ AF MacDonald, LA Deddens, JA Grajewski, BA Whelan, EA Hurrell, JJ TI Job stress among female flight attendants SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CABIN CREW; WOMEN; WORK; EXPOSURE; HEALTH AB We evaluated the presence of chronic job stressors among flight attendants (FAs) to examine the relationships between these job stressors and psychological distress and job dissatisfaction. Seventy-three female FAs (90% participation) employed at two commercial airlines completed a detailed questionnaire. Standard questions and scale measures were used to assess Job stressors, psychological distress, and job dissatisfaction. The association between job stressors and these outcomes was evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Except for fatigue, distress and Job dissatisfaction were moderate to low. job stressors were found to have a substantive effect on these outcomes, following adjustment for individual factors. Despite moderate-to-low levels of distress and dissatisfaction, targeted efforts to reduce selected Job stressors and to enhance social support may be important steps toward improving the well-being and satisfaction of FAs. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP MacDonald, LA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MSR-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI MacDonald, Leslie/D-2201-2014; OI MacDonald, Leslie/0000-0003-3967-534X NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 7 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000071509.96740.dd PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701YV UT WOS:000184197300006 PM 12855911 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, Z Barnhart, HX Kaye, WE AF Berkowitz, Z Barnhart, HX Kaye, WE TI Factors associated with severity of injury resulting from acute releases of hazardous substances in the manufacturing industry SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; ORDINAL DATA; ACCIDENTS; MODELS AB Data from the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system was used to identify factors associated with the severity of injuries Of victims (an ordinal outcome variable) harmed in acute chemical release events in the manufacturing industry. We used proportional odds models to account for the order of severity in the outcome, with the general estimation equation. There were 659 events involving 2826 victims. More severe injuries were associated with explosion (adjusted OR aOR = 6.45), multiple chemicals (aOR = 1.75), multiple chemical categories (aOR = 1.70), the chemical g-roup acids (aOR = 1.6), multiple injuries to an individual (aOR = 1.38-1.56) (ranges represent several models), confinement within a structure in a fixed facility (aOR = 1.76-1.90), and being located in the midwest region (aOR = 1.76-1.90). The summer was less likely than all other seasons to be associated with more severe outcome. The results provide information beneficial for preventive activities. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Berkowitz, Z (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 7 BP 734 EP 742 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000079084.95532.7b PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 701YV UT WOS:000184197300009 PM 12855914 ER PT J AU McComish, JF Greenberg, R Ager, J Essenmacher, L Orgain, LS Bacik, WJ AF McComish, JF Greenberg, R Ager, J Essenmacher, L Orgain, LS Bacik, WJ TI Family-focused substance abuse treatment: A program evaluation SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE family-focused substance abuse treatment; parenting attitudes; program evaluation; psychosocial outcomes; retention in treatment; women and children ID THERAPEUTIC-COMMUNITY; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INFANT DEVELOPMENT; DEPRESSED MOTHERS; CHILDREN; RETENTION; PREDICTORS; OUTCOMES; ISSUES AB Until recently, few programs were available for children whose mothers are in recovery. A refinement of the gender-specific model of substance abuse treatment, the "family-focused" approach, has placed increased emphasis on the needs of children and other family members. However, because these programs are relatively new, little is known about the effectiveness of this type of treatment for either the mother or her children. This article presents findings from a three-year evaluation of a family-focused residential treatment program for women and their children. Longitudinal assessment of the mothers indicated that their psychosocial status and parenting attitudes improved over time. Additionally, the mothers remained in treatment longer. At intake, as a group, the children who were birth to three years of age did not exhibit developmental delay. However, developmental concerns were identified for some children in the areas of motor and/or language development. The results reported here provide beginning evidence that family-focused treatment improves retention, psychosocial functioning, and parenting attitudes. of pregnant and parenting women. It also provides a mechanism for early identification and intervention for children. C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Coll Nursing, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Ctr Healthcare Effectiveness Res, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Flint Odyssey House, Flint, MI USA. RP McComish, JF (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Hutzel Prof Bldg,Suite 301,4727 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [5 HS4 TI00570-05003, 3 HS4 TI00570-03] NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU HAIGHT-ASHBURY PUBL PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 409 CLAYTON ST, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94117 USA SN 0279-1072 J9 J PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS JI J. Psychoact. Drugs PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 3 BP 321 EP 331 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 732ZL UT WOS:000185975400003 PM 14621130 ER PT J AU Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Saaddine, JB Vinicor, F AF Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Saaddine, JB Vinicor, F TI Addressing the burden of diabetes in the 21st century: Better care and primary prevention SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Summit on Kidney Disease Prevention CY JUL 25-27, 2002 CL SINGAPORE ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE; MELLITUS; QUALITY; COMPLICATIONS; RISK; MANAGEMENT; EPIDEMIC/; DISEASE; PEOPLE AB By the end of the 20th century, the worldwide diabetes pandemic had affected an estimated 151 million persons. Strategies to mitigate both the human and economic burden are urgently needed. Efficacious treatments are currently available but the quality of diabetes care being delivered is suboptimal in both developed and developing countries. Some progress to improve quality has been made thought national strategies. These efforts need two elements: "translation" research that will establish the methods needed to assure that clinical research findings are delivered effectively in every day practice settings; and development and implementation of quality improvement measures that will reliably track progress. New interventions that prevent diabetes among those at high risk also now hold much promise and need to be implemented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Engelgau, MM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 14 IS 7 SU 2 BP S88 EP S91 DI 10.1097/01.ASN.0000070143.71933.B0 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 696RH UT WOS:000183900700006 PM 12819309 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Association of serum C-reactive protein and indices of body fat distribution and overweight in Mexican American children SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; Hispanics; adipose tissue; child obesity ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; YOUNG-ADULTS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MASS INDEX; SYNDROME-X AB Background: Few data have been published on the association of indices of body fat distribution and components of the insulin resistance syndrome and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein and putative risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity, in representative samples of total populations of children or in Hispanic Americans, who have a high prevalence of obesity and diabetes as adults. Objective: To evaluate the association of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) and components of the insulin resistance syndrome with CRP in Mexican American children and to assess the independence of the association. Design: Cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants: Mexican American children aged 6-11 years. Measurements: Body circumferences, skinfold thickness, BMI, blood pressure, and serum CRP and lipid concentrations. Results: Overall, 11% of children had detectable CRP ( > 0.21 mg/dL). CRP was not associated with age, gender, or birth weight. WHR showed significant positive associations with serum CRP concentration independent of BMI. BMI was also significantly associated with CRP independent of WHR. CRP was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol but not triglyceride, or systolic blood pressure, concentration after controlling for BMI. Conclusion: Further research is needed on the associations of serum CRP concentration with WHR and. other indices of body fat distribution and obesity to elucidate the mechanisms and significance of these associations. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6424, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 95 IS 7 BP 545 EP 552 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 836HY UT WOS:000222547700004 PM 12911252 ER PT J AU Salemi, M De Oliveira, T Courgnaud, V Moulton, V Holland, B Cassol, S Switzer, WM Vandamme, AM AF Salemi, M De Oliveira, T Courgnaud, V Moulton, V Holland, B Cassol, S Switzer, WM Vandamme, AM TI Mosaic genomes of the six major primate lentivirus lineages revealed by phylogenetic analyses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; MONKEYS CERCOPITHECUS-LHOESTI; MOLECULAR CLOCK; DNA-SEQUENCES; SOOTY MANGABEYS; HIV-1; EVOLUTION; RECOMBINATION; TYPE-2; SUBTYPES AB To clarify the origin and evolution of the primate lentiviruses (PLVs), which include human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 as well as their simian relatives, simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), isolated from several host species, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among the six supposedly nonrecombinant PLV lineages for which the full genome sequences are available. Employing bootscanning as an exploratory tool, we located several regions in the PLV genome that seem to have uncertain or conflicting phylogenetic histories. Phylogeny reconstruction based on distance and maximum-likelihood algorithms followed by a number of statistical tests confirms the existence of at least five putative recombinant fragments in the PLV genome with different clustering patterns. Split decomposition analysis also shows that phylogenetic relationships among PLVs may be better represented by network-based graphs, such as the ones produced by SplitsTree. Our findings not only imply that the six so-called pure PLV lineages have in fact mosaic genomes but also make more unlikely the hypothesis of cospeciation of SIVs and their simian hosts. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium. Nelson Mandela Sch Med, Africa Ctr, Mol Virol & Bioinformat Unit, Durban, South Africa. IRD, Retrovirus Lab, Montpellier, France. Uppsala Univ, Linnaeus Ctr Bioinformat, Uppsala, Sweden. Massey Univ, Alan Wilson Ctr Mol Ecol & Evolut, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Human Immunodeficiency Virus & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Salemi, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 383 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012; Holland, Barbara/G-1646-2013 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766; Holland, Barbara/0000-0002-4628-7938 NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 13 BP 7202 EP 7213 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.13.7202-7213.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 691GX UT WOS:000183598600006 PM 12805419 ER PT J AU Takada, A Feldmann, H Ksiazek, TG Kawaoka, Y AF Takada, A Feldmann, H Ksiazek, TG Kawaoka, Y TI Antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCING ANTIBODIES; FILOVIRUS INFECTIONS; GLYCOPROTEIN; MACROPHAGES; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; RECEPTORS; CELLS; C1Q AB Most strains of Ebola virus cause a rapidly fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans, yet there are still no biologic explanations that adequately account for the extreme virulence of these emerging pathogens. Here we show that Ebola Zaire virus infection in humans induces antibodies that enhance viral infectivity. Plasma or serum from convalescing patients enhanced the infection of primate kidney cells by the Zaire virus, and this enhancement was mediated by antibodies to the viral glycoprotein and by complement component C1q. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection, one that would account for the dire outcome of Ebola outbreaks in human populations. C1 Univ Tokyo, Div Virol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Inst Med Sci, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Saitama 3320012, Japan. Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Special Pathogens Program, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Takada, A (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Div Virol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Inst Med Sci, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. RI Takada, Ayato/A-6679-2012 NR 32 TC 75 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 13 BP 7539 EP 7544 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.13.7539-7544.2003 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 691GX UT WOS:000183598600041 PM 12805454 ER PT J AU Inoue, N Winter, J Lal, RB Offermann, MK Koyano, S AF Inoue, N Winter, J Lal, RB Offermann, MK Koyano, S TI Characterization of entry mechanisms of human herpesvirus 8 by using an Rta-dependent reporter cell line SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LYTIC CYCLE REPLICATION; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HEPARAN-SULFATE; TARGET-CELLS; TAT PROTEIN; ENDOCYTIC PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION AB To analyze the mechanisms of entry of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), we established a reporter cell line T1H6 that contains the lacZ gene under the control of the polyadenylated nuclear RNA promoter, known to be strongly activated by a viral transactivator, Rta. We found that infection with cell-free virus, as well as cocultivation with HHV-8-positive primary effusion lymphoma cell lines, activated the lacZ gene of T1H6 in a sensitive and dose-dependent manner. Addition of Polybrene and centrifugation enhanced, but polysulfonate compounds inhibited, the HHV-8 infectivity. RGD-motif-containing polypeptides and integrins did not decrease the infectivity, suggesting the presence of an additional cellular receptor other than the reported one. The entry was dependent on pH acidification but not on the clathrin pathway. Although conditioned media obtained from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells did not have any effect on the early steps of HHV-8 infection, intracellular expression of a proviral HIV type 1, but not of Tat alone, increased the HHV-8-dependent reporter activation slightly, suggesting a potential of HIV-mediated enhancement of an early step of HHV-8 infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD TB & Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Inoue, N (reprint author), CDC, DVRD, Herpesvirus Sect, Mailstop G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 14 BP 8147 EP 8152 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.14.8147-8152.2003 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 696QX UT WOS:000183899200045 PM 12829853 ER PT J AU Cowgill, K Taylor, TH Schuchat, A Schrag, S AF Cowgill, K Taylor, TH Schuchat, A Schrag, S TI Awareness of perinatal group B streptococcal infection among women of childbearing age in the United States, 1999 and 2002 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB Background: The issuance in 2002 of new guidelines recommending universal screening for group B Streptococcus (GBS), a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the United States, has created a new opportunity to educate women of childbearing age to be active partners in prevention. Methods: To assess baseline levels of awareness about perinatal GBS, we analyzed responses to a question included in a health communications/social marketing survey in 1999 and 2002. Results: Among the 2917 women under 50 who responded, 47% reported ever having heard of perinatal GBS. Among women pregnant at the time of the survey, awareness was 66%. Women with a high school education or less (OR = 0.60, 95% Cl 0.50-0.73), household income <$25,000 (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54-0.79), or reporting black, Asian/Pacific Islander, or other race (ORs [95% CI] 0.70 [0.57-0.87], 0.61[0.41-0.90], 0.41 [0.20-0.85], respectively) had lower awareness of perinatal GBS than other women. Women currently pregnant (OR 2.2, 95% Cl 1.5-3.3) had higher awareness. Conclusions: Awareness of perinatal GBS is high among currently pregnant women, for whom this issue is most important. Efforts to raise awareness should be targeted to women from traditionally underserved populations, such as those who are of nonwhite race or who have lower educational attainment or household income. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cowgill, K (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1089/154099903768248221 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 717AQ UT WOS:000185063800001 PM 13678508 ER PT J AU Krawczyk, CS Gardner, LI Wang, JC Sadek, R Loughlin, AM Anderson-Mahoney, P Metsch, L Green, S AF Krawczyk, CS Gardner, LI Wang, JC Sadek, R Loughlin, AM Anderson-Mahoney, P Metsch, L Green, S TI Test-retest reliability of a complex human immunodeficiency virus research questionnaire administered by an audio computer-assisted self-interviewing system SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE HIV; ACASI; reliability; survey; design ID REPORTED DRUG-USE; RISK; HIV; BEHAVIORS; TRIAL; MODE AB OBJECTIVES. To evaluate the test-retest reliability of a complex questionnaire administered by Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing to recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. METHODS. Thirty-seven English-speaking and 32 Spanish-speaking participants completed both test and retest interviews. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and kappa (kappa) and weighted kappa (kappa) statistics were obtained for individual questions. From these, overall kappa and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated across all variables and for groups of questions. RESULTS. Overall measures of reliability were kappa = 0.767, r = 0.728. Some variation in reliability existed for different response formats, question content groups, and languages of the participants. Differences in overall reliability by Spanish compared with English participants were small and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS. Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing provides reliable measures for items assessed in the Antiretroviral Treatment and Access Study baseline questionnaire. Some differences exist as a result of question content, interview language, and response format, requiring assessment in future studies and consideration in designing Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing systems and questionnaires. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Intervent Treatment & Addict Res, Dept Community Hlth, Dayton, OH USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1097/00005650-200307000-00009 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695PJ UT WOS:000183839200008 PM 12835609 ER PT J AU Costa, J Almeida, CE Dujardin, JP Beard, CB AF Costa, J Almeida, CE Dujardin, JP Beard, CB TI Crossing experiments detect genetic incompatibility among populations of Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 (Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE Triatoma brasiliensis; populations; genetic incompatibility ID CHAGAS-DISEASE VECTOR; HEMIPTERA; BRAZIL AB Triatoma brasiliensis is composed of at least four geographic populations (brasiliensis, melanica, macromelasoma, and juazeiro) that have distinct chromatic, morphologic, biologic and ecologic patterns, and genetic composition. Reciprocal crosses between all pairwise combinations were carried out in order to evaluate the genetic and reproductive compatibility of these four populations. The F1 individuals developed normally and the resulting adults were crossed again to test the F2 and F3 viability. Genetic incompatibility was,found between melanica and brasiliensis populations. C1 Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Entomol, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CDC, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UBM, Museu Ciencias, Barra Mansa, RJ, Brazil. Inst Rech Dev, Paris, France. RP Costa, J (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Entomol, Av Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Almeida, Carlos Eduardo/E-7983-2014; Costa, Jane /K-6997-2012 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD JUL PY 2003 VL 98 IS 5 BP 637 EP 639 DI 10.1590/S0074-02762003000500009 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 711XT UT WOS:000184766900009 PM 12973530 ER PT J AU Anderson, JP Learn, GH Rodrigo, AG He, X Wang, Y Weinstock, H Kalish, ML Robbins, KE Hood, L Mullins, JI AF Anderson, JP Learn, GH Rodrigo, AG He, X Wang, Y Weinstock, H Kalish, ML Robbins, KE Hood, L Mullins, JI TI Predicting demographic group structures based on DNA sequence data SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE HIV; multidimensional scaling; likelihood assignment; group prediction ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; EVOLUTION; HIV-1; RECOMBINATION; PHYLOGENIES; GENE; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; ORIGIN AB The ability to infer relationships between groups of sequences, either by searching for their evolutionary history or by comparing their sequence similarity, can be a crucial step in hypothesis testing. Interpreting relationships of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences can be challenging because of their rapidly evolving genotnes, but it may also lead to a better understanding of the underlying biology. Several studies have focused on the evolution of HIV-1, but there is little information to link sequence similarities and evolutionary histories of HIV-1 to the epidemiological information of the infected individual. Our goal was to correlate patterns of HIV-1 genetic diversity with epidemiological information, including risk and demographic factors. These correlations were then used to predict epidemiological information through analyzing short stretches of HIV-1 sequence. Using standard phylogenetic and phenetic techniques on 100 HIV-1 subtype B sequences, we were able to show some correlation between the viral sequences and the geographic area of infection and the risk of men who engage in sex with men. To help identify more subtle relationships between the viral sequences, the method of multidimensional scaling (MDS) was performed. That method identified statistically significant correlations between the viral sequences and the risk factors of men who engage in sex with men and individuals who engage in sex with injection drug users or use injection drugs themselves. Using tree construction, MDS, and newly developed likelihood assignment methods on the original 100 samples we sequenced, and also on a set of blinded samples, we were able to predict demographic/risk group membership at a rate statistically better than by chance alone. Such methods may make it possible to identify viral variants belonging to specific demographic groups by examining only a small portion of the HIV-1 genome. Such predictions of demographic epidemiology based on sequence information may become valuable in assigning different treatment regimens to infected individuals. C1 Univ Washington, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anderson, JP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Rodrigo, Allen/E-8905-2015 OI Rodrigo, Allen/0000-0002-8327-7317 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1168 EP 1180 DI 10.1093/molbev/msg128 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 695UL UT WOS:000183848700017 PM 12777527 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO Ogden, LL McCray, E AF Valdiserri, RO Ogden, LL McCray, E TI Accomplishments in HIV prevention science: implications for stemming the epidemic SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; INJECTING-DRUG-USERS; RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; INCREASED LEGAL ACCESS; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN AB The past two decades have witnessed substantial advances in the science of preventing HIV infection. Although important issues remain and there is a need for continuing research, arguably the biggest challenge in preventing HIV transmission is the full implementation of existing preventive interventions worldwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 77 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 881 EP 886 DI 10.1038/nm0703-881 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 698CD UT WOS:000183979300028 PM 12835709 ER PT J AU MacPhail, RC O'Callaghan, JP Cohn, J AF MacPhail, RC O'Callaghan, JP Cohn, J TI Acquisition, steady-state performance, and the effects of trimethyltin on the operant behavior and hippocampal GFAP of Long-Evans and Fischer 344 rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE steady-state performance; trimethyltin; glial fibrillary acidic protein; strain differences ID MULTIPLE REPEATED ACQUISITION; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; INDUCED NEURONAL DAMAGE; FIXED-INTERVAL; GENETIC-FACTORS; 2 STRAINS; SCHEDULE; MICE; TOXICOLOGY; EXPOSURE AB Strain differences represent an overlooked variable that may play an important role in neurotoxic outcomes that can impact regulatory decision making. Here, we examined the strain-dependent effects of trimethyltin (TMT), a compound used as a positive control for behavioral and neurochemical assessments of neurotoxicity. Adult male Long-Evans (LE) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats (n = 12 each) were trained to respond under a multiple, fixed-interval 3-min fixed-ratio 10-response (multi FI 3-min FR10) schedule of milk reinforcement. Acquisition was characterized by time-dependent changes in several behavioral endpoints in both strains, although rate of acquisition of the fixed-interval pattern of responding was slower in F344 rats. Steady-state (baseline) performance was characterized by slower overall rates of responding in F344 rats. There was little evidence of strain differences in many of the other baseline performance measures. Rats of each strain were then divided into two equal groups that received either 1 ml/kg saline or 8.0 mg/kg iv TMT approximately 18 h before the next test session. TMT produced transient changes in the performance of LE and F344 rats that lasted for several sessions. For many behavioral measures, F344 rats were more affected by TMT than were LE rats. TMT-induced reactive gliosis, as assessed by assaying glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was also greater in F344 rats than in LE rats. These results suggest F344 rats may be more susceptible to TMT-induced neurotoxicity than are LE rats. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. GlaxoSmithKline Clin Dev Med Affairs Psychiat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, TMBB, HELD, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(03)00012-6 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 693AU UT WOS:000183693100007 PM 12798965 ER PT J AU Li, S Moore, CA Li, Z Berry, RJ Gindler, J Hong, SX Liu, YC Mulinare, J Wong, LY Gu, HQ Erickson, JD AF Li, S Moore, CA Li, Z Berry, RJ Gindler, J Hong, SX Liu, YC Mulinare, J Wong, LY Gu, HQ Erickson, JD TI A population-based birth defects surveillance system in the People's Republic of China SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID; AREA AB We describe a unique birth defects surveillance system in the People's Republic of China. The system was instituted in March 1992 as a component of an evaluation of the effectiveness of a public health campaign using periconceptional folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects, and currently surveys birth cohorts of approximate to150 000 infants per year. Local health care providers collect information in the form of detailed written descriptions and photographs of affected infants. The system allows for detection of birth defects at the local level with later definitive classification and coding; however, information is limited to structural anomalies that are visible on physical examination. This birth defects surveillance system provides an extensive database of infants with major and minor external structural anomalies, including the unique feature of a photographic record for most cases. These data can be used for aetiological studies, descriptive epidemiology and identification of unusual trends. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Moore, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00478.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 701GB UT WOS:000184158900010 PM 12839541 ER PT J AU Vitek, CR Pascual, FB Baughman, AL Murphy, TV AF Vitek, CR Pascual, FB Baughman, AL Murphy, TV TI Increase in deaths from pertussis among young infants in the United States in the 1990s SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pertussis; infant; mortality; United States ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; NEONATAL PERTUSSIS; INFECTION; MORTALITY; ENGLAND; WALES; ECLS AB Background. Severe pertussis primarily occurs among infants (<12 months of age). Despite high levels of immunization, reported pertussis cases increased in the United States in the 1990s among all age groups, including infants. Methods. To characterize fatal pertussis cases, we analyzed pertussis deaths reported to CDC in the 1990s and compared these with data on pertussis deaths reported in the 1980s. Data from national surveillance systems and from available medical records were used, including data from analyses of deaths reported in 1992 through 1995. Results. In 1980 through 1989, 77 pertussis deaths were reported; 61 deaths were among infants (1.67 deaths per million), including 49 among infants <4 months of age. In the 1990s 103 pertussis deaths were reported; 93 deaths were among infants (2.40 deaths per million), including 84 among infants <4 months of age. Of 89 infants with ethnicity data, 31 (36%) were Hispanic; the mortality rate among Hispanic infants (4.77 per million) was higher than among non-Hispanic infants (1.80 per million). Of 76 infants with reported gestational age, 40 (53%) were born at <37 weeks, including 22 (29%) who were born at <35 weeks. Severe pulmonary hypertension was a common lethal complication among infants. Conclusions. Pertussis deaths increased among infants too young to be protected by immunization. A disproportionate share of deaths were complicated by pulmonary hypertension and occurred among Hispanic infants and infants born at <37 weeks gestation. New approaches to prevent infection among infants <4 months of age and improved therapies for pertussis complications are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vitek, CR (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, HIV Vaccine Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 155 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 7 BP 628 EP 634 DI 10.1097/00006454-200307000-00012 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 704QR UT WOS:000184351800012 PM 12867839 ER PT J AU Selik, RM Lindegren, ML AF Selik, RM Lindegren, ML TI Changes in deaths reported with human immunodeficiency virus infection among United States children less than thirteen years old, 1987 through 1999 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus infections/mortality; human immunodeficiency virus infections/epidemiology; child; death certificates; cause of death; opportunistic infections; heart disease; kidney disease; liver disease ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NEW-YORK-CITY; HIV-INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PROPHYLAXIS; TYPE-1; RECOMMENDATIONS; PREVENTION; ADHERENCE AB Background. With implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy during 1995 through 1999, deaths reported in adults with HIV infection decreased 67%, and the proportions of those accompanied by various opportunistic infections decreased, whereas their proportions with possibly unrelated conditions (e.g. diseases of liver, kidneys and heart) increased. Objective. To examine changes among deaths of children with HIV infection. Methods. We analyzed multiple-cause death certificate data with any mention of HIV infection for all US deaths at ages <13 years from 1987 through 1999. We examined changes in the numbers and rates of deaths and the proportions reported with various diseases. Results. The annual number of children who died with HIV infection increased from 274 in 1987 to 511 in 1994 and then decreased by 81% to 97 in 1999. The median age at death increased from 1 year in 1987 to 5 years in 1999. During the periods 1987 through 1991 (1652 deaths), 1992 through 1995 (1906 deaths) and 1996 through 1999 (762 deaths), the proportion of deaths with pneumocystosis decreased from 19.0% to 9.9% and 7.5%, respectively. In a comparison of 1992 through 1995 with 1996 through 1999, no significant change occurred in the proportions of deaths with nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (5.6% to 6.0%), cytomegalovirus disease (3.2% to 4.4%), heart disease (10.8% to 11.7%), kidney disease (5.0%), liver disease (3.9% to 4.1%) or wasting/cachexia (4.0% to 5.0%). Conclusions. Deaths with HIV infection among children have decreased substantially, probably because of both highly active antiretroviral therapy and prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. The decrease after 1995 was greater proportionally among children than among adults, but fewer changes in disease proportions occurred among children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr Human Immuodeficiency Viruses Sexually T, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Selik, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr Human Immuodeficiency Viruses Sexually T, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 7 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1097/00006454-200307000-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 704QR UT WOS:000184351800013 PM 12867840 ER PT J AU Botto, LD May, K Fernhoff, PM Correa, A Coleman, K Rasmussen, SA Merritt, RK O'Leary, LA Wong, LY Elixson, EM Mahle, WT Campbell, RM AF Botto, LD May, K Fernhoff, PM Correa, A Coleman, K Rasmussen, SA Merritt, RK O'Leary, LA Wong, LY Elixson, EM Mahle, WT Campbell, RM TI A population-based study of the 22q11.2 deletion: Phenotype, incidence, and contribution to major birth defects in the population SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE heart defects; chromosome deletion; genetics; epidemiology; registries ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; CONGENITAL HEART-DEFECTS; CHROMOSOME 22Q11.2; DIGEORGE/VELOCARDIOFACIAL-SYNDROME; MICRODELETION 22Q11; VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME; CONOTRUNCAL DEFECTS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; SYNDROMIC PATIENTS AB Objectives. Although several studies describe the 22q11.2 deletion, population-based data are scant. Such data are needed to evaluate properly the impact, distribution, and clinical presentation of the deletion in the population. Our goals were to assess the population-based birth prevalence of the 22q11.2 deletion and its associated phenotype and its impact on the occurrence of heart defects. Methods. We evaluated data on infants who were born from 1994 through 1999 to women who resided in metropolitan Atlanta. We matched records from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (a population-based registry with active case ascertainment), the Sibley Heart Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and the Division of Medical Genetics at Emory University. We used birth certificate data for the denominators of the rates. Results. We identified 43 children with laboratory-confirmed 22q11.2 deletion among 255 849 births. The overall prevalence was 1 in 5950 births (95% confidence interval: 1 in 4417 to 1 in 8224 births). The prevalence was between 1 in 6000 and 1 in 6500 among whites, blacks, and Asians and 1 in 3800 among Hispanics. Most affected children (81%) had a heart defect, and many (1 in 3) had major extracardiac defects (other than velopalatal anomalies), including anomalies of the central nervous system. Overall, the deletion contributed to at least 1 of every 68 cases of major heart defects identified in the total birth cohort and, in particular, to 1 of every 2 cases diagnosed with interrupted aortic arch type B, 1 of every 5 with truncus arteriosus, and 1 of every 8 with tetralogy of Fallot. Conclusions. The 22q11.2 deletion was common in this birth population. The clinical phenotype included a wide and variable spectrum of major cardiac and extracardiac anomalies. From these population-based data, one can estimate that at least 700 affected infants are born annually in the United States. Population-based estimates such as these should be useful to medical professionals and policy makers in planning for the optimal care of people with the 22q11.2 deletion. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Sibley Heart Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 50 TC 285 Z9 302 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 112 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1542/peds.112.1.101 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 696WR UT WOS:000183911000031 PM 12837874 ER PT J AU Blackmon, L Batton, DG Bell, EF Engle, WA Kanto, WP Martin, GI Rosenfeld, W Stark, AR Miller, CA Barrington, KJ Raju, T Riley, LE Tomashek, KM Couto, J AF Blackmon, L Batton, DG Bell, EF Engle, WA Kanto, WP Martin, GI Rosenfeld, W Stark, AR Miller, CA Barrington, KJ Raju, T Riley, LE Tomashek, KM Couto, J CA Comm Fetus Newborn TI Controversies concerning vitamin K and the newborn SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD-CANCER; PROPHYLAXIS; DEFICIENCY AB Prevention of early vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) of the newborn, with onset at birth to 2 weeks of age (formerly known as classic hemorrhagic disease of the newborn), by oral or parenteral administration of vitamin K is accepted practice. In contrast, late VKDB, with onset from 2 to 12 weeks of age, is most effectively prevented by parenteral administration of vitamin K. Earlier concern regarding a possible causal association between parenteral vitamin K and childhood cancer has not been substantiated. This revised statement presents updated recommendations for the use of vitamin K in the prevention of early and late VKDB. C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Assoc Neonatal Nurses, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. NR 16 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 112 IS 1 BP 191 EP 192 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 696WR UT WOS:000183911000045 ER PT J AU Saari, TN AF Saari, TN CA Comm Infect Dis TI Immunization of preterm and low birth weight infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINE; INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; EXTREMELY PREMATURE-INFANTS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS; COMBINED DIPHTHERIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; FOLLOW-UP AB Preterm (PT) infants are at increased risk of experiencing complications of vaccine-preventable diseases but are less likely to receive immunizations on time. Medically stable PT and low birth weight (LBW) infants should receive full doses of diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, poliovirus, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines at a chronologic age consistent with the schedule recommended for full-term infants. Infants with birth weight less than 2000 g may require modification of the timing of hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis depending on maternal hepatitis B surface antigen status. All PT and LBW infants benefit from receiving influenza vaccine beginning at 6 months of age before the beginning of and during the influenza season. All vaccines routinely recommended during infancy are safe for use in PT and LBW infants. The occurrence of mild vaccine-attributable adverse events are similar in both full-term and PT vaccine recipients. Although the immunogenicity of some childhood vaccines may be decreased in the smallest PT infants, antibody concentrations achieved usually are protective. C1 AAP, Practice Action Grp, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Acad Family Physicians, Leawood, KS 66211 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Amer Thorac Soc, New York, NY 10019 USA. RP Saari, TN (reprint author), AAP, Practice Action Grp, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. NR 44 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 112 IS 1 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1542/peds.112.1.193 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 696WR UT WOS:000183911000046 PM 12837889 ER PT J AU Falk, H AF Falk, H TI International environmental health for the pediatrician: Case study of lead poisoning SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE international; environmental health; lead poisoning; child; developing nations ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; US POPULATION; BLOOD; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; POLLUTION; POTTERY; MEXICO; NHANES AB Childhood lead poisoning is a preventable illness. In the past 3 decades, removal of key lead sources and prevention of exposure in the United States have led to dramatic decreases in population blood lead concentrations and also in instances of severe lead poisoning requiring treatment. From an international perspective, childhood lead poisoning seems to be of greatest concern in developing countries. The phasing out of lead from gasoline is a critical first step in decreasing worldwide blood lead concentrations. However, many focal sources that can cause lead poisoning remain, such as lead from flour mills, lead-glazed ceramics, mining and smelting, and battery repair and recycling. A large and diverse country, such as India, may have many sources of lead. The challenge will be for developing countries to implement effective national and regional efforts to address their specific sources of lead. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Dept HHS, Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Falk, H (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 112 IS 1 SU S BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 698KQ UT WOS:000183999100008 PM 12837919 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, M Saari, TN McMahon, SR Yusuf, HR Massoudi, MS Stevenson, JM Chu, SY Pickering, LK AF Iwamoto, M Saari, TN McMahon, SR Yusuf, HR Massoudi, MS Stevenson, JM Chu, SY Pickering, LK TI A survey of pediatricians on the reintroduction of a rotavirus vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; rotavirus vaccine; RRV-TV AB Objective. Rhesus-based rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (RRV-TV; RotaShield) was withdrawn voluntarily from the market in October 1999, and recommendations for use were suspended. Rotavirus infection continues to be a significant health problem affecting children worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate whether pediatricians would either reconsider using RRV-TV or consider other, newer, and presumably safer rotavirus vaccines if they were recommended routinely and to determine factors that influence their opinion. Methods. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 250 members of the Wisconsin Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and to 437 randomly selected members of the Georgia Chapter of the AAP. Nonresponders received reminder questionnaires. Results. Of the 687 pediatricians surveyed, 384 (56%) responded. Responses from 319 eligible immunization providers were included in the final analysis. Although only 15% of respondents reported that they would give RRV-TV if it were available today, 94% reported that they would use a new rotavirus vaccine if proved to be safer than RRV-TV and if recommended by the AAP and Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for routine use among infants. Barriers to reintroducing a rotavirus vaccine were fear of adverse reactions among 95% of pediatricians, followed by potential high vaccine cost (63%) and amount of time required to educate parents (57%). Conclusions. Pediatricians reported that they would use a rotavirus vaccine if it was safer than RRV-TV and routinely recommended by the AAP and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp, Madison, WI USA. RP Iwamoto, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 112 IS 1 BP E6 EP E10 DI 10.1542/peds.112.1.e6 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 696WR UT WOS:000183911000002 PM 12837898 ER PT J AU Goldenhar, LM Williams, LJ Swanson, NG AF Goldenhar, LM Williams, LJ Swanson, NG TI Modelling relationships between job stressors and injury and near-miss outcomes for construction labourers SO WORK AND STRESS LA English DT Article DE job stressors; injuries; construction; structural equation modelling ID PROFESSIONAL BALLET DANCERS; PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK-FACTORS; NECK SHOULDER PAIN; SEXUAL HARASSMENT; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS; OCCUPATIONAL WORKLOAD; LOW-BACK; SAFETY; WORKERS; ACCIDENTS AB Construction work is an inherently dangerous occupation and exposure to additional job stressors is likely to exacerbate the level of danger, increasing workers' risk for injury. Thus, it is important to identify and then reduce worker exposure to extraneous job stressors. This study examines the relationships between a variety of job stressors and injury or near-miss outcomes among construction workers. Self-reported questionnaire data collected from 408 construction labourers (male and female) via telephone interview were analysed using structural equation modelling. A theoretical model was tested whereby work stressors, classified into three groups, could be related, either directly or indirectly through the mediating effects of physical or psychological symptoms/strain, to self-reported injuries and near misses. Ten of the 12 work-related stressors were found to be directly related to either injury or near misses, including: job demands, job control, job certainty, training, safety climate, skill under-utilization, responsibility for the safety of others, safety compliance, exposure hours, and job tenure. Other stressors (i.e. harassment/discrimination, job certainty, social support, skill under-utilization, safety responsibility, safety compliance, tenure in construction) were indirectly related to injuries through physical symptoms or indirectly related to near misses through psychological strain. There was no support for the modelled gender differences. Implications for health and safety on construction sites are discussed. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Inst Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Management, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Goldenhar, LM (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Inst Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, POB 670840, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 75 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8373 J9 WORK STRESS JI Work Stress PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 218 EP 240 DI 10.1080/02678370310001616144 PG 23 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 750YT UT WOS:000187026600002 ER PT J AU Chapman, LE Wilson, CA AF Chapman, LE Wilson, CA TI Implications of the advent of homozygous alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-deficient pigs on transmission of infectious agents SO XENOTRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN SERUM; RETROVIRUS INACTIVATION; ANTIBODY; SENSITIZATION; CELLS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-665X J9 XENOTRANSPLANTATION JI Xenotransplantation PD JUL PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3089.2003.00074.x PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 688NY UT WOS:000183443200001 PM 12795676 ER PT J AU Tai, JH Ewert, MS Belliot, G Glass, RI Monroe, SS AF Tai, JH Ewert, MS Belliot, G Glass, RI Monroe, SS TI Development of a rapid method using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for the detection of astrovirus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE astrovirus; NASBA; RT-PCR; liposome ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA-TAGGED LIPOSOMES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; RNA DETECTION; VIRUS-RNA; INFECTION; NASBA; CHILDREN; ASSAY AB We have developed a rapid method to detect astrovirus in fecal specimens utilizing nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and several detection methodologies, including a sandwich hybridization assay based on DNA-tagged liposomes (liposome-strip detection assay). RNA was extracted from 65 stool specimens that were positive for astrovirus by enzyme immunoassay and was amplified by both NASBA and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Also extracted and amplified were 19 specimens containing rotavirus, 20 specimens containing norovirus, five specimens containing adenovirus, 15 water negative control specimens, and eight specimens containing astrovirus reference strains. NASBA products were detected by electrochemiluminescence detection (ECL) and by liposome-strip detection; RT-PCR products were detected by ethidium bromide staining following gel electrophoresis and by liquid hybridization assay (LHA). There was no significant difference in the detection rates of NASBA- and RT-PCR-based assays, with one exception in which the NASBA/ECL assay detected astrovirus in eight specimens that tested negative by the RT-PCR/LHA assay. These results suggest that these NASBA-based detection methods have detection rates that are as good as or better than those of RT-PCR-based methods. Both NASBA and liposome-strip detection may be useful for field studies and environmental testing because these methods are rapid and do not require specialized equipment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Life Sci Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33710 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. RP Monroe, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 110 IS 2 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(03)00108-3 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 692PM UT WOS:000183669500001 PM 12798238 ER PT J AU Klausner, RD Fauci, AS Corey, L Nabel, GJ Gayle, H Berkley, S Haynes, BF Baltimore, D Collins, C Douglas, RG Esparza, J Francis, DP Ganguly, NK Gerberding, JL Johnston, MI Kazatchkine, MD McMichael, AJ Makgoba, MW Pantaleo, G Piot, P Shao, YM Tramont, E Varmus, H Wasserheit, JN AF Klausner, RD Fauci, AS Corey, L Nabel, GJ Gayle, H Berkley, S Haynes, BF Baltimore, D Collins, C Douglas, RG Esparza, J Francis, DP Ganguly, NK Gerberding, JL Johnston, MI Kazatchkine, MD McMichael, AJ Makgoba, MW Pantaleo, G Piot, P Shao, YM Tramont, E Varmus, H Wasserheit, JN TI The need for a global HIV vaccine enterprise SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. NIAID, Div AIDS, NIH, Vaccine & Prevent Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Program Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Int AIDS Vaccine Initiat, New York, NY 10038 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalit, New York, NY 10011 USA. Sequella Global TB Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. WHO, UNAIDS, Joint UN Programme HIV AIDS, HIV Vaccine Initiat, Geneva 27, Switzerland. VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, CA 94005 USA. Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi 110029, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ANRS, F-75013 Paris, France. Univ Oxford, MRC, Human Immunol Unit, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Oxford OX3 9DS, England. Univ Natal, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. Univ Lausanne, CHU Vaudois, Div Immunol & Allergy, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Klausner, RD (reprint author), Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. RI Pantaleo, Giuseppe/K-6163-2016 NR 2 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 27 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5628 BP 2036 EP 2039 DI 10.1126/science.1086916 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 694KZ UT WOS:000183774900028 PM 12829768 ER PT J AU Cieslak, PR Hedberg, K Thomas, AR Kohn, MA Chai, F Nainan, OV Williams, IT Bell, BP Tugwell, BD Patel, PR AF Cieslak, PR Hedberg, K Thomas, AR Kohn, MA Chai, F Nainan, OV Williams, IT Bell, BP Tugwell, BD Patel, PR CA CDC TI Hepatitis C virus transmission from an antibody-negative organ and tissue donor - United States, 2000-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 273-276, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TRANSPLANTATION C1 Oregon Dept Human Svcs, Salem, OR 97310 USA. CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cieslak, PR (reprint author), Oregon Dept Human Svcs, Salem, OR 97310 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 25 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 24 BP 3235 EP 3236 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 693EX UT WOS:000183704600006 ER PT J AU Ko, KS Tekoah, Y Rudd, PM Harvey, DJ Dwek, RA Spitsin, S Hanlon, CA Rupprecht, C Dietzschold, B Golovkin, M Koprowski, H AF Ko, KS Tekoah, Y Rudd, PM Harvey, DJ Dwek, RA Spitsin, S Hanlon, CA Rupprecht, C Dietzschold, B Golovkin, M Koprowski, H TI Function and glycosylation of plant-derived antiviral monoclonal antibody SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNTRANSLATED LEADER SEQUENCE; N-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; RABIES VIRUS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELLS; GLYCANS AB Plant genetic engineering led to the production of plant-derived mAb (mAb(P)), which provides a safe and economically feasible alternative to the current methods of antibody production in animal systems. In this study, the heavy and light chains of human anti-rabies mAb were expressed and assembled in planta under the control of two strong constitutive promoters. An alfalfa mosaic virus untranslated leader sequence and Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) endoplasmic reticulum retention signal were linked at the N and C terminus of the heavy chain, respectively. mAbP was as effective at neutralizing the activity of the rabies virus as the mammalian-derived antibody (mAb(M)) or human rabies Ig (HRIG). The mAb(P) contained mainly oligomannose type N-glycans (90%) and had no potentially antigenic alpha(1,3)-linked fucose residues. mAb(P) had a shorter half-life than mAb(M). The mAb(P) was as efficient as HRIG for post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies virus in hamsters, indicating that differences in N-glycosylation do not affect the efficacy of the antibody in this model. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Biotechnol Fdn Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Glycobiol Inst, Oxford OX1 3QU, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koprowski, H (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Biotechnol Fdn Labs, 1020 Locust St,JAH, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RI Harvey, David/A-5579-2013 NR 46 TC 139 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 24 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 13 BP 8013 EP 8018 DI 10.1073/pnas.0832472100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695TE UT WOS:000183845800107 PM 12799460 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Gerzoff, RB Caspersen, CJ Williamson, DF Narayan, KMV AF Gregg, EW Gerzoff, RB Caspersen, CJ Williamson, DF Narayan, KMV TI Relationship of walking to mortality among US adults with diabetes SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SUDDEN-DEATH; LIFE-STYLE; EXERCISE; MEN; MELLITUS; WOMEN AB Background: Walking is associated with reduced diabetes incidence, but few studies have examined whether it reduces mortality among those who already have diabetes. Objective: To estimate the association between walking and the risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among persons with diabetes. Design: Prospective cohort study of a representative sample of the US population. Setting: Interviewer-administered survey in the general community. Participants: We sampled 2896 adults 18 years and older with diabetes as part of the 1990 and 1991 National Health Interview Survey. Main Outcome Measure: All-cause and CVD mortality for 8 years. Results: Compared with inactive individuals, those who walked at least 2 h/wk had a 39% lower all-cause mortality rate (hazard rate ratio [HRR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.78; 2.8% vs 4.4% per year) and a 34% lower CVD mortality rate (HRR, 0.66; 95% Cl, 0.45-0.96; 1.4% vs 2.1% per year). We controlled for sex, age, race, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), smoking, and comorbid conditions. The mortality rates were lowest for persons who walked 3 to 4 h/wk (all-cause mortality HRR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29-0.71; CVD mortality HRR, 0.47; 95% Cl, 0.24-0.91) and for those who reported that their walking involved moderate increases in heart and breathing rates (all-cause mortality HRR, 0.57; 95% Cl, 0.41-0.80; CVD mortality HRR, 0.69; 95% Cl, 0.43-1.09). The protective association of physical activity was observed for persons of varying sex, age, race, body mass index, diabetes duration, comorbid conditions, and physical limitations. Conclusions: Walking was associated with lower mortality across a diverse spectrum of adults with diabetes. One death per year may be preventable for every 61 people who could be persuaded to walk at least 2 h/wk. C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 40 TC 175 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUN 23 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 12 BP 1440 EP 1447 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.12.1440 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 693FC UT WOS:000183705400008 PM 12824093 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Aguayo, SM Petty, TL Redd, SC AF Mannino, DM Aguayo, SM Petty, TL Redd, SC TI Low lung function and incident lung cancer in the United States - Data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey follow-up SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; ACTION PROJECT; MORTALITY; RISK; SMOKERS; ADULTS; TIME AB Background: Obstructive lung disease and lung cancer are tobacco-related diseases that can remain clinically silent until late in the disease process. We sought to define the risk for incident lung cancer among a national cohort of US adults with and without obstructive lung disease. Methods: We studied participants in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, who had up to 22 years of follow-up. We classified subjects as having moderate or severe obstructive lung disease at baseline if the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) was less than 70% and the FEV1 was less than 80% of the predicted value. We also determined incident cases of lung cancer during the follow-up period. Results: A total of 113 lung cancers occurred in the 5402 adults in the cohort. In the proportional hazards model adjusted for covariates of age, sex, race, education, smoking status, and duration and intensity of smoking, the presence of moderate or severe obstructive lung disease was associated with a higher risk for incident lung cancer (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-4.4). Conclusions: The presence of moderate or severe obstructive lung disease is a significant predictor of incident lung cancer in long-term follow-up. This finding may be useful clinically and in studies evaluating the utility of new tools for the early detection of lung cancer. C1 CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pulm Sci & Crit Care Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 34 TC 158 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUN 23 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 12 BP 1475 EP 1480 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.12.1475 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 693FC UT WOS:000183705400013 PM 12824098 ER PT J AU Grabowsky, M Strebel, P Gay, A Hoekstra, E Hersh, B AF Grabowsky, M Strebel, P Gay, A Hoekstra, E Hersh, B TI Measles: an exanthem that can be eradicated SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Amer Red Cross, Natl Headquarters, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UN Fdn, Washington, DC USA. UNICEF, New York, NY USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Grabowsky, M (reprint author), Amer Red Cross, Natl Headquarters, 2025 E St NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 21 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 9375 BP 2157 EP 2158 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13707-5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 692GY UT WOS:000183654200032 PM 12826457 ER PT J AU Bruner, M James, A Beall, B Carlone, GM Ades, E Johnson, S Guarner, J Sampson, J AF Bruner, M James, A Beall, B Carlone, GM Ades, E Johnson, S Guarner, J Sampson, J TI Evaluation of synthetic, M type-specific peptides as antigens in a multivalent group A streptococcal vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE group A streptococci; Streptococcus pyogenes; group A streptococci peptide vaccine; M protein ID M-PROTEIN; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; MICE; COLONIZATION; INFECTION; SURFACE; IMMUNIZATION; RECOMBINANT; ANTIBODIES AB The recent development of emm gene sequence-based typing methodology has allowed group A streptococci (GAS) M serotype prevalence data to be determined. This information has been used to identify the components of a multivalent M protein peptide vaccine that could theoretically prevent most of the GAS-mediated diseases in the USA. In this study, we have evaluated in mice the immunogenicity and protective ability of multiple synthetic, M type-specific peptides, derived from the N-termini of three prevalent GAS serotypes (three peptides per serotype, total of nine peptides). At least one peptide, representing each of the three M types tested, was immunogenic Five of the nine synthetic peptides tested, elicited an immune response in mice, and sera raised against four of the peptides, all possessed functional activity as demonstrated in a bactericidal assay. In vivo nasopharyngeal challenge experiments were carried out with peptides from the M1 (peptide M1-3) and M3 (peptide M3-2) proteins induced in vivo immune protection by reducing intranasal carriage. Reduction in colonization for M1-3 and M3-2 was 90% (P = 0.02) and 66% (P < 0.17), respectively. A reduction in colonization of 67% (P = 0.03) was observed for M3-2 immunized mice when M43, a heterologous serotype, was used as the challenge strain. These results show the utility of synthetic, M type-specific peptides as antigens in a multivalent GAS vaccine. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sampson, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 21-22 BP 2698 EP 2703 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00165-8 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 693GT UT WOS:000183709300003 PM 12798606 ER PT J AU Gorla, MCO Lemos, APS Sacchi, CT de Moraes, JC Milagres, LG AF Gorla, MCO Lemos, APS Sacchi, CT de Moraes, JC Milagres, LG TI Comparison of PorA VR types and porA promoter sequence from Neisseria meningitidis B isolated from non-immunised children and vaccine failures immunised with a serogroup B outer membrane protein vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine; PorA; Neisseria meningitidis ID BRAZILIAN CHILDREN; PREVALENCE AB PorA protein is an important component of group B meningococcal protein-based vaccines. The goals of this study were: (i) to classify the non-serosubtypable strains recovered from vaccine failures and controls by porA variable region (VR) type; (ii) to investigate if point mutations of VRs of the porA gene are present in P1.19,15 strains recovered from vaccine failures and controls; (iii) to investigate if nucleotide sequence variation in the promoter region of porA gene is related to low expression of PorA protein. VR type P1.19,15 predominated in younger vaccine failures (3-47 months) compared to older failures (48-83 months). No changes in VRs of porA were observed in 46 P1.19,15 strains studied. A promoter spacer of 16 bp and 10 guanidine residues in the polymeric G tract was detected in five of six strains with weak PorA expression. Overall, this study indicated that lack of antibody response was probably the major cause of low vaccine efficacy in young children. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Disciplina Microbiol & Immunol, BR-20551030 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Vigilancia Epidemiol Alexandre Vranjac, BR-01246902 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Secao Bacteriol, BR-01246902 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Milagres, LG (reprint author), Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Disciplina Microbiol & Immunol, Bl 28 Setembro,87 Fundos 3 Andar, BR-20551030 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 21-22 BP 2871 EP 2876 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00166-X PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 693GT UT WOS:000183709300026 PM 12798629 ER PT J AU Harcourt, JL Brown, MP Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA AF Harcourt, JL Brown, MP Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA TI CD40 ligand (CD154) improves the durability of respiratory syncytial virus DNA vaccination in BALB/c mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE CD40 ligand; CD 154; respiratory syncytial virus; vaccination; RSV ID ATTACHMENT G-PROTEIN; MEMORY T-CELLS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA; RSV CHALLENGE; BACTERIAL-DNA; IN-VIVO; CPG-OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; HUMORAL IMMUNITY AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the single most important cause of serious acute respiratory illness in children <1 year of age worldwide, and is associated with life-threatening pneumonia or bronchiolitis in the elderly. Current vaccine strategies include live, attenuated virus, subunit and DNA vaccines, however, none have been sufficiently safe, or shown to induce satisfactory long-term immunity, thus immune modulators are being considered to enhance the effectiveness of RSV vaccines.. In this study, we examine CD40 ligand (CD40L) as an immune modulator to enhance the durability of DNA vaccines encoding RSV F and/or G glycoproteins in BALB/c mice. The addition of CD40L to DNA vaccines encoding the F glycoprotein enhanced virus clearance and some aspects of the immune response to RSV challenge, suggesting that CD40L may enhance the durability of RSV DNA vaccines. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Royal Adelaide Hosp, RAH Canc Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956; Brown, Michael/0000-0002-5796-1932 NR 105 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 21-22 BP 2964 EP 2979 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00119-1 PG 16 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 693GT UT WOS:000183709300037 PM 12798640 ER PT J AU Fischer, TK Page, NA Griffin, DD Eugen-Olsen, J Pedersen, AG Valentiner-Branth, P Molbak, K Sommerfelt, H Nielsen, NM AF Fischer, TK Page, NA Griffin, DD Eugen-Olsen, J Pedersen, AG Valentiner-Branth, P Molbak, K Sommerfelt, H Nielsen, NM TI Characterization of incompletely typed rotavirus strains from Guinea-Bissau: identification of G8 and G9 types and a high frequency of mixed infections SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; strain characterization; genotyping; molecular epidemiology; natural reassortants; G8 strains; G9 strains; mixed infections; primer intersuppression; cross-priming ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUSES; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION; BOVINE ROTAVIRUSES; SEROTYPE G9; P-GENOTYPE; DIVERSITY; AFRICA; PCR AB Among 167 rotaviruis specimens collected from young children in a suburban area of Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, from 1996 to 1998, most identifiable strains belonged to the uncommon P[6], G2 type and approximately 50% remained incompletely typed. In the present study, 76 such strains were further characterized. Due to interprimer interaction during the standard multiplex PCR approach, modifications of this procedure were implemented. The modified analyses revealed a high frequency of G2, G8, and G9 genotypes, often combined with P[4] and/or P[6]. The Guinean G8 and G9 strains were 97 and 98%, respectively, identical to other African G8 and G9 strains. Multiple G and/or P types were identified at a high frequency (59%), including two previously undescribed mixed infections, P[4]P[6], G2G8 and P[4]P[6], G2G9. These mixed infections most likely represent naturally occurring reassortance of rotavirus strains. Detection of such strains among the previously incompletely typed strains indicates a potential underestimation of mixed infections, if only a standard multiplex PCR procedure is followed. Furthermore cross-priming of the G3 primer with the G8 primer binding site and silent mutations at the P[4] and P[6] primer binding sites were detected. These findings highlight the need for regular evaluation of the multiplex primer PCR method and typing primers. The high frequency of uncommon as well as reassortant rotavirus strains in countries where rotavirus is an important cause of child mortality underscores the need for extensive strain surveillance as a basis to develop appropriate rotavirus vaccine candidates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. Statens Serum Inst, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. MEDUNSA, Dept Virol, Diarrheal Pathogens Res Unit, ZA-0204 Medunsa, South Africa. Lab Natl Saude Publ, Bissau 1004, Guinea Bissau. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Clin Res Unit, DK-2650 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Fischer, TK (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Armauer Hansen Bldg, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. OI Page, Nicola/0000-0001-5845-4417; Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X; Eugen-Olsen, jesper/0000-0002-4630-4275 NR 36 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 311 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00153-3 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 699EL UT WOS:000184042900014 PM 12832210 ER PT J AU Vernon, SD Farkas, DH Unger, ER Chan, V Miller, DL Chen, YP Blackburn, GF Reeves, WC AF Vernon, SD Farkas, DH Unger, ER Chan, V Miller, DL Chen, YP Blackburn, GF Reeves, WC TI Bioelectronic DNA detection of human papillomaviruses using eSensor (TM): a model system for detection of multiple pathogens SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; BASE AB Background: We used human papillomaviruses (HPV) as a model system to evaluate the utility of a nucleic acid, hybridization-based bioelectronic DNA detection platform (eSensor(TM)) in identifying multiple pathogens. Methods: Two chips were spotted with capture probes consisting of DNA oligonucleotide sequences specific for HPV types. Electrically conductive signal probes were synthesized to be complementary to a distinct region of the amplified HPV target DNA. A portion of the HPV LI region that was amplified by using consensus primers served as target DNA. The amplified target was mixed with a cocktail of signal probes and added to a cartridge containing a DNA chip to allow for hybridization with complementary capture probes. Results: Two bioelectric chips were designed and successfully detected 86% of the HPV types contained in clinical samples. Conclusions: This model system demonstrates the potential of the eSensor platform for rapid and integrated detection of multiple pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rikkettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Motorola Life Sci, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rikkettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0101-01] NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JUN 19 PY 2003 VL 3 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-3-12 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 711UJ UT WOS:000184759200001 PM 12814521 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Elliott, J Schwartzman, JD AF Whitney, CG Elliott, J Schwartzman, JD TI The outbreak of conjunctivitis at Dartmouth - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 19 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 25 BP 2578 EP 2578 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 690YC UT WOS:000183577200019 ER PT J AU Nolan, CL Kawamura, LM Moser, KS Granich, R Wallace, CE Schneider, D Lobato, MN Miranda, AG AF Nolan, CL Kawamura, LM Moser, KS Granich, R Wallace, CE Schneider, D Lobato, MN Miranda, AG CA CDC TI Post-detention completion of tuberculosis treatment for persons deported or released from the custody of the immigration and naturalization service - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 438-441, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Seattle Dept Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Div Immigrat Hlth Serv, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nolan, CL (reprint author), Seattle Dept Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 18 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 23 BP 3081 EP 3082 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 690QM UT WOS:000183560400010 ER PT J AU Sisk, JE Whang, W Butler, JC Sneller, VP Whitney, CG AF Sisk, JE Whang, W Butler, JC Sneller, VP Whitney, CG TI Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease among people 50 through 64 years of age: Role of comorbid conditions and race SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; REVACCINATION; MORTALITY; HEALTH; CARE; ERA AB Background: Guidelines are increasingly recommending preventive services starting at 50 years of age, and policymakers are considering such a recommendation for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination. The finding that pneumococcal vaccination is cost-saving for people 65 years of age or older raises the question of the vaccination's implications for other older adults, especially black people, whose disease incidence exceeds that of nonblack people, and those with high-risk conditions. Objective: To assess the implications of vaccinating black and nonblack people 50 through 64 years of age against invasive pneumococcal disease. Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis. Data Sources: Published literature for vaccination effectiveness and cost estimates; data on disease incidence and case-fatality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Target Population: Hypothetical cohort 50 through 64 years of age with the 1995 U.S. age distribution. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Intervention: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination compared with no vaccination. Outcome Measures: Incremental medical costs and health effects, in quality-adjusted life-years per vaccinee. Results of Base-Case Analysis: vaccination saved medical costs and improved health among high-risk black people ($27.55 savings per vaccinee) and nonblack people ($5.92 savings per vaccinee), excluding survivors' future costs. For low-risk black and nonblack people and the overall general population, vaccination cost $2477, $8195, and $3434, respectively, to gain 1 year of healthy life. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Excluding survivors' future costs, in the general immunocompetent population, cost per quality-adjusted life-year in global worst-case results ranged from $21 513 for black people to $68 871 for nonblack people; in the high-risk population, cost ranged from $11 548 for black people to $39 000 for nonblack people. In the global best case, vaccination was cost-saving for black and nonblack people in the general immunocompetent and high-risk populations, excluding survivors' future costs. The cost-effectiveness range was narrower in probabilistic sensitivity analyses, with 95% probabilistic intervals ranging from cost-saving to $1594 for black people and from cost-saving to $12 273 for nonblack people in the general immunocompetent population. Costs per quality-adjusted life-year for low-risk people with case-fatality rates from 1998 were $2477 for black people and $8195 for nonblack people, excluding survivors' medical costs. Conclusions: These results support the current recommendation to vaccinate high-risk people and provide useful information for considering extending the recommendation to the general population 50 through 64 years of age. Lack of evidence about the effectiveness of revaccination for people 65 years of age or older, when disease risks are higher, argues for further research to guide vaccination policy. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Policy, New York, NY 10029 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sisk, JE (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Hlth Policy, Room 2-34,1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 30 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 17 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 12 BP 960 EP 968 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 690YM UT WOS:000183578100003 PM 12809452 ER PT J AU Saydah, SH Loria, CM Eberhardt, MS Brancati, FL AF Saydah, SH Loria, CM Eberhardt, MS Brancati, FL TI Abnormal glucose tolerance and the risk of cancer death in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; glucose tolerance test; mortality; neoplasms; nutrition surveys ID FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-1; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIABETES-MELLITUS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PROSTATE-CANCER; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; BREAST-CANCER; FOLLOW-UP; HELSINKI POLICEMEN AB Although abnormal glucose tolerance is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, its relation to cancer risk is less certain. Therefore, the authors performed a prospective cohort study using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study to determine this relation. This analysis focused upon a nationally representative sample of 3,054 adults aged 30-74 years who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at baseline (1976-1980). Deaths were identified by searching national mortality files through 1992. Adults were classified as having either previously diagnosed diabetes (n = 247), undiagnosed diabetes (n = 180), impaired glucose tolerance (n = 477), or normal glucose tolerance (n = 2250). There were 195 cancer deaths during 40,024 person-years of follow-up. Compared with those having normal glucose tolerance, adults with impaired glucose tolerance had the greatest adjusted relative hazard of cancer mortality (relative hazard = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 3.31), followed by those with undiagnosed diabetes (relative hazard = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.48, 3.56) and diabetes (relative hazard = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.49, 2.62). These data suggest that, in the United States, impaired glucose tolerance is an independent predictor for cancer mortality. C1 Social & Sci Syst Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ lth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Saydah, SH (reprint author), Social & Sci Syst Inc, 8757 Georgia Ave,12th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL07024-26] NR 59 TC 109 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 12 BP 1092 EP 1100 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg100 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 690BY UT WOS:000183528500006 PM 12796045 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Ford, ES Redd, SC AF Mannino, DM Ford, ES Redd, SC TI Obstructive and restrictive lung disease and markers of inflammation: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; RISK-FACTORS; PULMONARY-DISEASE; FIBRINOGEN; POPULATION; SMOKING; THERAPY; HUMANS; SAMPLE; ASTHMA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 36 TC 155 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 7 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 114 IS 9 BP 758 EP 762 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00185-2 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 694DB UT WOS:000183757600007 PM 12829203 ER PT J AU Brady, TJ Sniezek, JE AF Brady, TJ Sniezek, JE TI Implementing the National Arthritis Action Plan: New population-based approaches to increasing physical activity among people with arthritis SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Health Promotion and Disability Prevention for Individuals and Populations with Rheumatic Disease CY MAR, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthrit Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brady, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthrit Program, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 49 IS 3 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1002/art.11052 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 688CQ UT WOS:000183415500026 PM 12794806 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA Cardinez, CI Landis, SH Greenlee, RT Ries, LAG Anderson, RN Thun, MJ AF Wingo, PA Cardinez, CI Landis, SH Greenlee, RT Ries, LAG Anderson, RN Thun, MJ TI Long-term trends in cancer mortality in the United States, 1930-1998 SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE neoplasm; mortality; surveillance; trends ID ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; FATAL COLON-CANCER; INTERPRETING TRENDS; PROSTATE-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; SURVEILLANCE SERIES; OVARIAN-CANCER; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; PANCREATIC-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Natl Home Off, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Wingo, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 110 TC 166 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 97 IS 12 SU S BP 3133 EP + DI 10.1002/cncr.11380 PG 135 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 687XX UT WOS:000183403200001 PM 12784323 ER PT J AU Duffus, WA Barragan, M Metsch, L Krawczyk, CS Loughlin, AM Gardner, LI Anderson-Mahoney, P Dickinson, G del Rio, C AF Duffus, WA Barragan, M Metsch, L Krawczyk, CS Loughlin, AM Gardner, LI Anderson-Mahoney, P Dickinson, G del Rio, C CA Antiretroviral Treatment Access St TI Effect of physician specialty on counseling practices and medical referral patterns among physicians caring for disadvantaged human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; EXPERIENCE; THERAPY; DISEASE; CHOICE AB Data regarding the care and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients provided by infectious diseases (ID)-trained physicians, compared with data for care and management provided by other specialists, are limited. Here, we report results of a self-administered survey sent to 317 physicians (response rate, 76%) in 4 metropolitan areas of the United States who were identified as providing care to disadvantaged HIV-infected patients. ID-trained physicians who responded that they strongly agreed or somewhat agreed that they had enough time to care for their HIV-infected patients were more likely than were non-ID-trained physicians to provide therapy-adherence counseling. Physicians with greater than or equal to50 patients in care and ID-trained physicians were less likely to always discuss condom use and risk reduction for HIV transmission. Factors significantly associated with referring rather than treating HIV-infected patients with hypertension or diabetes included having <50 patients in care, being an ID-trained physician, and practicing in a private practice. These results suggest the need for targeted physician training on the importance of HIV transmission prevention counseling, increasing the duration of patient visits, and improving strategies for generalist-specialist comanagement of HIV-infected patients. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Miami, FL USA. Miami Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Infect Dis Sect, Miami, FL USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP del Rio, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1577 EP 1584 DI 10.1086/375070 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 688WJ UT WOS:000183460000013 PM 12802759 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS Anderson, D O'Boyle, C Boxrud, DJ Johnson, SK Tenover, FC Lynfield, R AF Naimi, TS Anderson, D O'Boyle, C Boxrud, DJ Johnson, SK Tenover, FC Lynfield, R TI Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus with phenotypic susceptibility to methicillin in a patient with recurrent bacteremia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL; RESISTANCE AB Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) are an emerging problem. We observed a statistically significant inverse relationship in the MICs of vancomycin and oxacillin in S. aureus isolates from a patient undergoing hemodialysis who received 26 weeks of treatment with vancomycin during November 1999 through April 2000. All isolates were mecA positive and were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The evolving susceptibility patterns of this strain highlight the challenges of detecting and treating VISA infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Labs, Minneapolis, MN USA. Abbott NW Hosp, Minneapolis, MN 55407 USA. RP Naimi, TS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Mailstop K-67,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1609 EP 1612 DI 10.1086/375228 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 688WJ UT WOS:000183460000017 PM 12802763 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Markowitz, LE Berman, S Workowski, KA AF Koumans, EH Markowitz, LE Berman, S Workowski, KA TI Treatment recommendations for bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PREVENT PRETERM DELIVERY; METRONIDAZOLE; PHARMACOKINETICS; INFECTION; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1631 EP 1632 DI 10.1086/375272 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 688WJ UT WOS:000183460000030 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Malek, NA Hodge, CC Reidy, JA Kato, K Barr, DB Needham, LL Brock, JW AF Silva, MJ Malek, NA Hodge, CC Reidy, JA Kato, K Barr, DB Needham, LL Brock, JW TI Improved quantitative detection of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites in humans using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phthalates ID DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; RATS; EXPOSURE; MS/MS AB Phthalates are widely used as industrial solvents and plasticizers, with global use exceeding four million tons per year. We improved our previously developed high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-APCI-MS/MS) method to measure urinary phthalate metabolites by increasing the selectivity and the sensitivity by better resolving them from the solvent front, adding three more phthalate metabolites, monomethyl phthalate (mMP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (mEOHP) and mono- (2-ethyl-5 -hydroxyhexyl)phthalate (mEHHP); increasing the sample throughput; and reducing the solvent usage. Furthermore, this improved method enabled us to analyze free un-conjugated mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP) by eliminating interferences derived from coelution of the glucuronide-bound, or conjugated form, of the mEHP on measurements of the free mEHP. This method for measuring phthalate metabolites in urine involves solid-phase extraction followed by reversed-phase HPLC-APCI-MS/MS using isotope dilution with C-13(4) internal standards. We further evaluated the ruggedness and the reliability of the method by comparing measurements made by multiple analysts at different extraction settings on multiple instruments. We observed mMP. monoethyl phthalate (mEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (mBP), monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP), mEHP, mEHHP and mEOHP in the majority of urine specimens analyzed with DEHP-metabolites mEHHP and mEOHP present in significantly higher amounts than mEHP. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 19 TC 104 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 789 IS 2 BP 393 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00164-8 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 679VB UT WOS:000182941700020 PM 12742130 ER PT J AU Gamboa-Dominguez, A De Anda, J Donis, J Ruiz-Maza, F Visvesvara, GS Diliz, H AF Gamboa-Dominguez, A De Anda, J Donis, J Ruiz-Maza, F Visvesvara, GS Diliz, H TI Disseminated Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in a Mexican, kidney transplant recipient SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; MICROSPORIDIOSIS AB Background. No cases of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection have been reported in transplant patients. Methods. A 42-year-old man received a renal transplant 8 months earlier because of terminal glomerulonephritis and was. admitted with cough, fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and colon wall thickening. While under rapamycin (2 g/day), cyclosporine A (4.4 mg/kg/day), and prednisone (100 mg/day) therapy, he developed Banff grade IB graft rejection and was treated with methylprednisolone (1 g/day) for 3 days and oral prednisone (60 mg/d). Results. Microbiologic studies were inconclusive, and biopsy specimens of ileum, colon, liver, and the grafted kidney revealed numerous gram-positive microsporidia spores. Parasitophorous vacuoles containing various developing stages of Encephalitozoon were seen. Immunofluorescence studies identified the etiologic agent as E. cuniculi. Albendazole therapy resulted in clinical improvement but no eradication after 10 months of follow-up. Conclusions. This report describes what is, to the authors' knowledge, the first case of disseminated E. cuniculi infection in a kidney transplant human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient from Mexico. C1 Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Pathol, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Hosp Espanol, Dept Nephrol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Transplantat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Gamboa-Dominguez, A (reprint author), Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Pathol, Vasco Quiroga No 15 Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1898 EP 1900 DI 10.1097/01.TP.0000064623.57821.22 PG 3 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 692XE UT WOS:000183684900020 PM 12811252 ER PT J AU Hayes, EB Piesman, J AF Hayes, EB Piesman, J TI Current concepts - How can we prevent Lyme disease? SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; DEER-TICK BITES; DAMMINI ACARI; IXODIDAE NYMPHS; SOUTHEASTERN CONNECTICUT; ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; REDUCED ABUNDANCE; RESIDENTIAL AREA; NEW-YORK; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 61 TC 117 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 11 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 12 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 24 BP 2424 EP 2430 DI 10.1056/NEJMra021397 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 688HU UT WOS:000183428900009 PM 12802029 ER PT J AU Yih, WK Lieu, TA Rego, VH O'Brien, MA Shay, DK Yokoe, DS Platt, R AF Yih, WK Lieu, TA Rego, VH O'Brien, MA Shay, DK Yokoe, DS Platt, R TI Attitudes of healthcare workers in US hospitals regarding smallpox vaccination SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: The United States is implementing plans to immunize 500,000 hospital-based healthcare workers against smallpox. Vaccination is voluntary, and it is unknown what factors drive vaccine acceptance. This study's aims were to estimate the proportion of workers willing to accept vaccination and to identify factors likely to influence their decisions. Methods: The survey was conducted among physicians, nurses, and others working primarily in emergency departments or intensive care units at 21 acute-care hospitals in 10 states during the two weeks before the U. S. national immunization program for healthcare workers was announced in December 2002. Of the questionnaires distributed, 1,165 were returned, for a response rate of 81%. The data were analyzed by logistic regression and were adjusted for clustering within hospital and for different number of responses per hospital, using generalized linear mixed models and SAS's NLMIXED procedure. Results: Sixty-one percent of respondents said they would definitely or probably be vaccinated, while 39% were undecided or inclined against it. Fifty-three percent rated the risk of a bioterrorist attack using smallpox in the United States in the next two years as either intermediate or high. Forty-seven percent did not feel well-informed about the risks and benefits of vaccination. Principal concerns were adverse reactions and the risk of transmitting vaccinia. In multivariate analysis, four variables were associated with willingness to be vaccinated: perceived risk of an attack, self-assessed knowledge about smallpox vaccination, self-assessed previous smallpox vaccination status, and gender. Conclusions: The success of smallpox vaccination efforts will ultimately depend on the relative weight in people's minds of the risk of vaccine adverse events compared with the risk of being exposed to the disease. Although more than half of the respondents thought the likelihood of a bioterrorist smallpox attack was intermediate or high, less than 10% of the group slated for vaccination has actually accepted it at this time. Unless new information about the threat of a smallpox attack becomes available, healthcare workers' perceptions of the vaccine's risks will likely continue to drive their ongoing decisions about smallpox vaccination. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. CDC Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA. CDC Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA. RP Yih, WK (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-95-0957] NR 5 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 11 PY 2003 VL 3 AR 20 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-3-20 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 700DN UT WOS:000184097500001 PM 12801426 ER PT J AU Lee, M Chen, CJ Su, IJ Chen, KT Yeh, CC King, CC Chang, HL Wu, YC Ho, MS Jiang, DD Wong, D AF Lee, M Chen, CJ Su, IJ Chen, KT Yeh, CC King, CC Chang, HL Wu, YC Ho, MS Jiang, DD Wong, D CA CDC TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome - Taiwan, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 361-466, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Dept Hlth, SARS Prevent Task Force, Taipei, Taiwan. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Dept Hlth, SARS Prevent Task Force, Taipei, Taiwan. RI Chen, Chien-Jen/C-6976-2008; Su, Ih-Jen/B-2655-2010 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 11 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 22 BP 2930 EP 2932 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 687XZ UT WOS:000183403400007 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Severe acute respiratory syndrome - United States, May 21, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 466, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, SARS Investigat Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, SARS Investigat Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 11 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 22 BP 2932 EP 2932 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 687XZ UT WOS:000183403400008 ER PT J AU Ofner, M Lem, M Sarwal, S Vearncombe, M Simor, A AF Ofner, M Lem, M Sarwal, S Vearncombe, M Simor, A CA CDC TI Cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases among protected health-care workers - Toronto, Canada, April 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 433-436, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Hlth Canada, Div Blood Safety Nosocomial & Occupat Infect, Toronto, ON, Canada. Hlth Canada, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ofner, M (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Div Blood Safety Nosocomial & Occupat Infect, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 4 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 21 BP 2788 EP 2789 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 684KH UT WOS:000183205500009 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Severe acute respiratory syndrome - United States, May 14, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 436-438, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, SARS Invest Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 4 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 21 BP 2790 EP 2790 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 684KH UT WOS:000183205500010 ER PT J AU Simeonsson, RJ Leonardi, M Lollar, D Bjorck-Akesson, E Hollenweger, J Martinuzzi, A AF Simeonsson, RJ Leonardi, M Lollar, D Bjorck-Akesson, E Hollenweger, J Martinuzzi, A TI Applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to measure childhood disability SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID MOTOR FUNCTION MEASURE; CEREBRAL-PALSY; CHILDREN; REHABILITATION; BEHAVIORS; QUESTIONNAIRE; IMPAIRMENTS; RELIABILITY; PREVALENCE; BANGLADESH AB The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-ICF addresses the broad need for a common language and classification of functioning and disability. A parallel need is appropriate measures compatible with the content of the ICF to document the nature and impact of limitations of function, activities and participation. The interaction of developmental characteristics and disability among children represent special challenges for classification as well as measurement. Demographic trends emphasize the need for universal measures that encompass the components of the ICF and can be used in surveillance, screening and evaluation. This paper identifies issues related to application of the ICF to measure disability in childhood, reviews approaches and tools to assess childhood disability and identifies priorities for the development of measures of functioning and disability in children based on the ICF. The development of measures should be framed within a framework of children's rights and application of the biopsychosocial model to document profiles of functioning and disability of children. C1 E Medea, Conegliano Res Ctr, Conegliano, Italy. Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Italian Natl Neurol Inst Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Malardalen Univ, Vasteras, Sweden. Padag Hsch Zurich, Dept Res & Dev, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ N Carolina, Sch Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Simeonsson, RJ (reprint author), E Medea, Conegliano Res Ctr, Conegliano, Italy. RI Martinuzzi, Andrea/K-3887-2016; OI Martinuzzi, Andrea/0000-0002-0319-3579; Bjorck-Akesson, Eva/0000-0003-4492-2384 NR 52 TC 150 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-5165 J9 DISABIL REHABIL JI Disabil. Rehabil. PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 25 IS 11-2 BP 602 EP 610 DI 10.1080/0963828031000137117 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 694JZ UT WOS:000183772600007 PM 12959334 ER PT J AU Nel, LH Niezgoda, M Hanlon, CA Morril, PA Yager, PA Rupprecht, CE AF Nel, LH Niezgoda, M Hanlon, CA Morril, PA Yager, PA Rupprecht, CE TI A comparison of DNA vaccines for the rabies-related virus, Mokola SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Mokola virus; DNA vaccines; lyssaviruses ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFECTION; VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; LYSSAVIRUSES; POSTEXPOSURE; INDUCTION; ZIMBABWE; AFRICA AB Mokola virus, a rabies-related virus, has been reported to date from the African continent only. Like rabies virus, it is highly pathogenic, causes acute encephalitis, and zoonotic events have been documented. Although believed to be rare, there has been an unexplained increase in the number of isolations of the virus in South Africa in recent years. We have cloned and sequenced the glycoprotein (G) and nucleoprotein (N) genes from a South African Mokola virus, and used these in the construction of different DNA vaccines for immunization against Mokola virus. Four vaccines, utilizing different promoters and DNA backbone compositions, were generated and compared for efficacy in protection against Mokola virus. In one of these, both the Mokola virus G and N genes were co-expressed. Two of the single G-expressing DNA vaccines (based on pSG5 and pCI-neo, respectively) protected laboratory mice against lethal challenge, despite major differences in their promoters. However, neither vaccine was fully protective in a single immunization only. Serological assays confirmed titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies after immunization, which increased upon booster vaccine administration. A third construct (based on pBudCE4) was less effective in inducing a protective immune response, despite employing a strong CMV enhancer/promoter also used in the pCI-neo plasmid. Dual expression of Mokola virus G and N genes in pBudCE4 did not enhance its efficacy, under the conditions described. In addition, no significant utility could be demonstrated for a combined prime-boost approach, as no cross-protective immunity was observed against rabies or Mokola viruses from the use of pSG5-mokG or vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccines, respectively, even though both vaccines provided 60-100% protection against homologous virus challenge. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Nel, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, MS-G33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Nel, Louis/F-1001-2012 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 2 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 19-20 BP 2598 EP 2606 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00036-7 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 682PK UT WOS:000183100600051 PM 12744896 ER PT J AU Flisser, A Sarti, E Lightowlers, M Schantz, P AF Flisser, A Sarti, E Lightowlers, M Schantz, P TI Neurocysticercosis: regional status, epidemiology, impact and control measures in the Americas SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Taenia Solium Cysticercosis/Taeniosis with Special Focus on Eastern and Southern Africa CY AUG 19-22, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Cysticercosis Working Grp Eastern & SO Africa DE cestocidal drugs; cysticercosis; epidemiology; health education; pig restraint; Taenia solium; treatment of taeniosis; vaccination ID TAENIA-SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS; RURAL GUATEMALAN COMMUNITIES; PRAZIQUANTEL TREATMENT; RISK-FACTORS; PORCINE BRAIN; MEXICO; VILLAGE; PIGS; VACCINATION; ANTIGENS AB The analysis of epidemiological data concerning human cysticercosis point to important advances in understanding the magnitude and distribution of this parasitic disease in Latin America, as well as the relationship of the elements that conform the life cycle of Taenia solium. The data indicate that the main risk factor for acquiring human neurocysticercosis and swine cysticercosis is the presence of the tapeworm carrier in the household. Therefore, several intervention measures for the control of cysticercosis have been evaluated: mass treatment in order to cure tapeworm carriers, health education towards understanding the risk factors, pig control by restraining them, experimental vaccination of pigs and treatment of swine cysticercosis. In this paper, we review the information obtained in these areas. We hope it will be useful in other endemic countries that wish to elaborate an action plan for the control and ultimate eradication of T. solium. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Melbourne, Ctr Vet Clin, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. Inst Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol SSA, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Hosp Gen Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Direcc Invest, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. RP Flisser, A (reprint author), Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RI Lightowlers, Marshall/L-5966-2015 OI Lightowlers, Marshall/0000-0002-6655-0086 NR 55 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(03)00054-8 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 690XX UT WOS:000183576700007 PM 12781377 ER PT J AU Allan, JC Wilkins, PP Tsang, VCW Craig, PS AF Allan, JC Wilkins, PP Tsang, VCW Craig, PS TI Immunodiagnostic tools for taeniasis SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Taenia Solium Cysticercosis/Taeniosis with Special Focus on Eastern and Southern Africa CY AUG 19-22, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Cysticercosis Working Grp Eastern & SO Africa DE taeniasis; immunodiagnosis; coproantigens; antibodies ID ECHINOCOCCUS-GRANULOSUS INFECTION; RURAL GUATEMALAN COMMUNITIES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SOLIUM TAENIASIS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; COPROANTIGEN DETECTION; HYMENOLEPIS-DIMINUTA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; COPRO-ANTIGENS; DNA PROBES AB Most diagnostic work conducted on the Taenia species zoonoses has been carried out on the larval stage of Taenia solium in man, reflecting the relative severity of the pathology caused by this stage of that organism. This review will, however, concentrate on the immunodiagnosis of the adult intestinal stages of these parasites in humans. Diagnosis of T solium will be examined in most detail because of the relative importance of this parasite but relevant work from other cestodes of man and animals will also be discussed. In addition both classical and molecular approaches to diagnosis will be briefly covered. There have been a number of advances in immunodiagnosis of taeniasis over recent years that have improved both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Techniques for the detection of Taenia specific coproantigens in human taeniasis infections have been shown to more than double the numbers of T solium cases accurately diagnosed in epidemiological studies. More recently, work on the serological diagnosis of T solium have led to the development of a sensitive and specific enzyme linked immuno-transfer blot for the detection of species and stage specific circulating antibodies to adult worm excretory - secretory antigens. Work is ongoing to further improve these assays. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pfizer Ltd, Vet Med Licensing & Business Dev, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, Kent, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Salford, Dept Biol Sci, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Allan, JC (reprint author), Pfizer Ltd, Vet Med Licensing & Business Dev, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, Kent, England. EM james_allan@sandwich.pfizer.com NR 49 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(03)00059-7 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 690XX UT WOS:000183576700012 PM 12781382 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW CA Cisticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Control of Taenia solium SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Taenia Solium Cysticercosis/Taeniosis with Special Focus on Eastern and Southern Africa CY AUG 19-22, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Cysticercosis Working Grp Eastern & SO Africa DE Taenia solium; control strategies; cysticercosis ID PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS; IRIAN-JAYA; PIGS; VACCINATION; OXFENDAZOLE; INFECTION; INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE; PROTECTION; JAYAWIJAYA AB Control or eradication of Taenia solium cysticercosis has been achieved to date only in Europe and North America. Significant improvements in sanitary conditions and developing functional slaughterhouse control systems were primarily responsible for control in these regions. Conversely, in endemic areas of developing countries control is limited by economic and sanitary conditions: the life cycle of T solium is sustained because pigs have access to infected faeces, and cysticercosis-infested pork is available for consumption. Interventional trials with massive human cestocidal chemotherapy, treatment of both human and porcine populations with antihelminthic drugs and/or immunotherapy and health education have shown improvements in specific settings but not yet proven to be sustainable in the long-term. In order to ensure sustainability, any given control strategy towards elimination/eradication of porcine cysticercosis should incorporate economic incentives. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UNMSM, Fac Med Vet, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30347 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. RP Gonzalez, AE (reprint author), UNMSM, Fac Med Vet, Apartado 03 5013, Lima, Peru. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(03)00025-1 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 690XX UT WOS:000183576700014 PM 12781384 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM Tsang, VCW AF Schantz, PM Tsang, VCW TI The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and research and control of cysticercosis SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Taenia Solium Cysticercosis/Taeniosis with Special Focus on Eastern and Southern Africa CY AUG 19-22, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Cysticercosis Working Grp Eastern & SO Africa DE cysticercosis; taeniasis; international disease control; international collaboration AB It is generally recognized that it is not possible to adequately protect the health of any nation without addressing infectious disease problems that occur elsewhere in the world. In 2002, the US Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a revised strategy for consolidating, enhancing, and improving the effectiveness of CDC's efforts to prevent and control infectious diseases on a global scale. Taenia solium is one example of an imported infection disease, which impacts on the health of the US population but requires international coordinated efforts to prevent or limit transmission. This report outlines CDC's refocused global infectious disease strategy and how CDC collaborates in international efforts to eliminate taeniasis/cysticercosis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 161 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(03)00039-1 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 690XX UT WOS:000183576700021 PM 12781391 ER PT J AU Seal, DW Margolis, AD Sosman, J Kacanek, D Binson, D AF Seal, DW Margolis, AD Sosman, J Kacanek, D Binson, D CA Project START Study Grp TI HIV and STD risk behavior among 18-to 25-year-old men released from US prisons: Provider perspectives SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE incarcerated men; HIV; STDs; risk behavior ID PREVENTION; INFECTION; COUNTY; RIGOR AB Ninety-seven service providers, representing 83 agencies, were interviewed about sexual and drug use HIV/STD risk behaviors and their determinants among young men who have been released from prison. Providers believed that-men frequently practiced sexual risk behavior, often in conjunction with substance use. Individual determinants of risk behavior primarily focused on "making up for lost time," being a man, degree of HIV/STD knowledge and vulnerability, desire to escape, and future orientation. Peers, partners, and family were portrayed as strong interpersonal influences on risk behavior, both positively and negatively. The dominant contextual determinant of risk behavior was the co-occurrence of sex and drug use. Structural determinants of reduced risk included stable housing, economic sufficiency, and positive community support for safer behavior (e.g., drug treatment access, needle exchange). The findings highlight the need for comprehensive, transitional case management for young men as they reintegrate into the community, including HIV/STD prevention. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Med, Madison, WI USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlt & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Seal, DW (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, 2071 N Summit Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. FU PHS HHS [514804, 114812, 414879, 914806] NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1023/A:1023942223913 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 710RP UT WOS:000184693500004 PM 14586198 ER PT J AU Crepaz, N Marks, G AF Crepaz, N Marks, G TI Serostatus disclosure, sexual communication and safer sex in HIV-positive men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SELF-DISCLOSURE; BISEXUAL MEN; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; PARTNERS; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; RISK; GAY; TRANSMISSION AB This study assessed HIV-positive men's sexual behaviours with partners at risk for infection, and examined the extent to which safer sex was associated with interpersonal communication variables, namely, (1) disclosure of one's seropositive status and (2) specific communication with partners about safer-sex practices. A total of 105 HIV-positive men (43% homosexual, 38% bisexual, 19% heterosexual), randomly sampled at an HIV outpatient clinic in Los Angeles, completed a behavioural questionnaire assessing events in their most recent sexual encounter with an HIV-negative or unknown serostatus partner. Results indicated that men who disclosed their seropositive status and explicitly discussed the topic of safer sex with their at-risk partners had a significantly higher prevalence of protected anal or vaginal intercourse than did men who disclosed only. The findings suggest that post-test counselling regarding the importance of disclosing one's seropositive status to sex partners should be augmented by behavioural interventions that enhance seropositive persons' skills in communicating explicitly with partners about safer sex to help reduce transmission of HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crepaz, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD JUN PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1080/0954012031000105432 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 690JU UT WOS:000183545800009 PM 12745398 ER PT J AU Young, CL Hu, DJ Byers, R Vanichseni, S Young, NL Nelson, R Mock, PA Choopanya, K Janssen, R Mastro, TD Mei, JV AF Young, CL Hu, DJ Byers, R Vanichseni, S Young, NL Nelson, R Mock, PA Choopanya, K Janssen, R Mastro, TD Mei, JV TI Evaluation of a sensitive/less sensitive testing algorithm using the bioMerieux Vironostika-LS assay for detecting recent HIV-1 subtype B ' or E infection in Thailand SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; BANGKOK AB The performance of the bioMerieux Vironostika-LS EIA (less sensitive enzyme immunoassay) was assessed to detect recent seroconversion among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok, Thailand who were infected with either HIV-1 subtypes B' or E (also known as circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE). To evaluate the Vironostika-LS EIA in non-B subtypes, we collected longitudinal specimens (n = 796) from 115 IDUs (subtype B' infection, n = 24; subtype E infection, n = 91). After testing HIV-positive specimens with the Vironostika-LS EIA, standardized optical densities (SODs) were calculated using median values to determine the window period, which is the time from seroconversion on a standard EIA to seroconversion on the Vironostika-LS EIA for a given SOD, for either subtype. For an SOD cutoff of 1.0, Vironostika-LS EIA results showed a mean window period of 239 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 208-287 days) for subtype B' and 356 days (95% CI, 318-402 days) for subtype E in Thailand. This outcome demonstrates that the Vironostika-LS EIA has significantly different performance characteristics in detecting recent seroconversion between different HIV-1 subtypes. Accurate identification of recent infection and estimation of incidence for HIV-1 strains other than North American subtype B, using the Vironostika-LS EIA, requires knowledge of specimen subtype and use of appropriate cutoffs and mean window periods. C1 CDC, NCEH, DLS, ERAT, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. US CDC Collaborat TUC, Thailand MOPH, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. RP Young, CL (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, DLS, ERAT, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1089/088922203766774522 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 699KF UT WOS:000184055500006 PM 12882657 ER PT J AU Inouye, DW Saavedra, F Lee-Yang, W AF Inouye, DW Saavedra, F Lee-Yang, W TI Environmental influences on the phenology and abundance of flowering by Androsace septentrionalis (Primulaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Androsace septentrionalis; climate change; flowering; phenology; precipitation; Primulaceae; snowmelt ID RAINFALL PATTERNS; PLANT PHENOLOGY; TROPICAL SHRUB; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALPINE NORWAY; TREES; TIME; CONSEQUENCES; COMPETITION; TEMPERATURE AB We studied the timing and abundance of flowering by Androsace septentrionalis L. (Primulaceae), an indeterminate winter annual or short-lived perennial, in 2 X 2 m plots at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Colorado, USA, from 1982 to 2000. Flowers were counted every other day for most or all of the growing season in seven plots in a rocky meadow habitat and nine plots in a wet meadow habitat. The phenology and abundance of flowering were both highly variable, with mean dates of first flowering ranging from 16 May to 12 July and maximum daily counts of flowers ranging from 1 to 1187. Snowmelt date was the primary determinant of timing of flowering. For rocky meadow plots, the previous year's summer precipitation and the current year's average minimum temperature in May had significant effects on maximum number of flowers produced, but no environmental variable we considered was significantly correlated with flower abundance in the wet meadow plots. Length of flowering in individual plots ranged from 2 to 85 d, and many plot-years had both primary (about 1 mo) and secondary (about 10-12 d) flowering periods. The predicted increase in variability of precipitation accompanying climate change will affect negatively the long-term abundance and persistence of this species at our study site. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO 81224 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Inouye, DW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Inouye, David/C-2997-2011 OI Inouye, David/0000-0003-2076-7834 NR 38 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 32 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 90 IS 6 BP 905 EP 910 DI 10.3732/ajb.90.6.905 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 693HD UT WOS:000183710400009 PM 21659185 ER PT J AU Seymour, JD Calle, EE Flagg, EW Coates, RJ Ford, ES Thun, MJ AF Seymour, JD Calle, EE Flagg, EW Coates, RJ Ford, ES Thun, MJ TI Diet quality index as a predictor of short-term mortality in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular diseases; diet; diet surveys; mortality; neoplasms; nutrition; nutrition assessment; nutrition surveys ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; SUBSEQUENT MORTALITY; NUT CONSUMPTION; ELDERLY PEOPLE; BREAST-CANCER; RISK; WOMEN; MEN AB The Diet Quality Index (DQI) was developed to measure overall dietary patterns and to predict chronic disease risk. This study examined associations between DQI and short-term all-cause, all-circulatory-disease, and all-cancer mortality in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study 11 Nutrition Cohort, a cohort of US adults aged 50-79 years enrolled in a prospective study. After 4 years of follow-up (1992-1996), there were 869 deaths among 63,109 women and 1,736 deaths among 52,724 men. All study participants reported being disease free at baseline in 1992-1993. In age-adjusted Cox models, a higher DOI, which was indicative of a poorer quality diet, was positively related to all-cause and all-circulatory-disease mortality rates in both women and men and to cancer mortality in men only. However, in fully adjusted Cox models, only circulatory disease mortality was clearly positively related to DQI and only in women (medium-low-quality diet vs. highest-quality diet: rate ratio = 1.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 2.89). Although trend tests indicated significant positive relations between DOI and all-cause mortality, effects were small (rate ratios less than or equal to 1.31), and confidence intervals were wide, generally including 1.0. DOI was unrelated to cancer mortality. As currently constructed, the DOI may have limited ability to predict mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Gen Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Seymour, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 52 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 BP 980 EP 988 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg077 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 688EP UT WOS:000183420800006 PM 12777361 ER PT J AU Malouin, R Winch, P Leontsini, E Glass, G Simon, D Hayes, EB Schwartz, BS AF Malouin, R Winch, P Leontsini, E Glass, G Simon, D Hayes, EB Schwartz, BS TI Longitudinal evaluation of an educational intervention for preventing tick bites in an area with endemic Lyme disease in Baltimore County, Maryland SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological markers; intervention studies; Lyme disease; randomized controlled trials; tick-borne diseases ID ANTITICK SALIVA ANTIBODY; JERSEY OUTDOOR WORKERS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; UNITED-STATES; CALRETICULIN PROTEIN; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS; BORNE INFECTIONS; HIGH-RISK; NEW-YORK AB The authors attempted to determine whether a targeted educational intervention in an area with endemic Lyme disease could increase knowledge, positive attitudes, and reported behaviors related to tick bite prevention and consequently decrease tick bites, as measured by a biomarker of tick bites. Between April and September of 1999, 317 subjects in Baltimore County, Maryland, were randomized to receive either tick-related or general health-related educational materials bimonthly through the mail. At each of three clinic visits, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire and provided a serum sample. Anti-recombinant tick calreticulin antibody (ARTCA), measured in ng/mul, was used as a biomarker of tick bites. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine 1) whether the educational intervention was associated with a change in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) and 2) whether change in KAB predicted change in ARTCA levels. Proportions of desired responses increased significantly among intervention subjects versus the comparison group on KAB measures related to examining the body for ticks and insect repellent use. Levels of ARTCA were low among all study subjects. Only six of 37 models exhibited a significant relation between change in a KAB variable and change in ARTCA levels over time. The behavioral intervention was associated with an increase in the KAB measures in the intervention group, but this change was not associated with change in ARTCA levels. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Social Behav Intervent Program, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Social & Behav Intervent Program, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Schwartz, BS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 7041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU314846] NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 BP 1039 EP 1051 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg076 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 688EP UT WOS:000183420800013 PM 12777368 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Nembhard, WN Donehoo, RS Miles, AM AF Ayala, C Nembhard, WN Donehoo, RS Miles, AM TI Trends in the incidence of pregnancy-related hypertension in the US, 1993-2000. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 65 BP S17 EP S17 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400065 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Weissman, DN Wood, JM AF Bang, KM Weissman, DN Wood, JM TI Respiratory tuberculosis mortality by occupation and industry in the United States, 1990-1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 398 BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400392 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, B Shefer, A McKibben, L Roberts, H Bratzler, D Miller, J AF Bardenheier, B Shefer, A McKibben, L Roberts, H Bratzler, D Miller, J TI Nursing home resident characteristics associated with influenza and pneumococcal immunization. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 169 BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400166 ER PT J AU Bish, CL Khan, LK Blanck, HM Marcus, M Serdula, MK AF Bish, CL Khan, LK Blanck, HM Marcus, M Serdula, MK TI Characteristics associated with intention to lose weight among US adults. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 15 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400015 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK AF Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK TI Pharmacotherapy for weight loss: Weight loss success and compliance with lifestyle recommendations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 300 BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400293 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Marchbanks, PA Costello, C AF Curtis, KM Marchbanks, PA Costello, C TI Estrogen replacement therapy and survival after ovarian cancer. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 146 BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400144 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Kresnow, M White, DD Sehgal, M AF Dellinger, AM Kresnow, M White, DD Sehgal, M TI Do older drivers impose an excess risk of death or injury on others? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 283 BP S71 EP S71 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400275 ER PT J AU Dong, M Giles, WH Felitti, VJ Williams, JE Dube, SR Chapman, DP Anda, RF AF Dong, M Giles, WH Felitti, VJ Williams, JE Dube, SR Chapman, DP Anda, RF TI Insights into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease: An adverse childhood experiences study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 111 BP S28 EP S28 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400108 ER PT J AU Gilbert, BC Bensyl, D Santelli, J AF Gilbert, BC Bensyl, D Santelli, J TI Measuring unintended pregnancy in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 383 BP S96 EP S96 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400375 ER PT J AU Grant, A Whiteman, M Perez, R Varela-Flores, R Sappenfield, B Hillis, S Duerr, A AF Grant, A Whiteman, M Perez, R Varela-Flores, R Sappenfield, B Hillis, S Duerr, A TI Trends in low birth weight and preterm birth among island-born and state-born Puerto Rican infants, 1990-2000. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA L2 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400409 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Jamison, P Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ AF Hall, HI Jamison, P Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ TI Breast and cervical cancer screening among Mississippi Delta women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 365 BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400358 ER PT J AU Hall, IJ Freedman, AN Wideroff, L Coughlin, SS AF Hall, IJ Freedman, AN Wideroff, L Coughlin, SS TI Family history of cancer and cancer screening utilization in the general US population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Hernandez, Jessica/G-6527-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 364 BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400357 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Kohl, HW AF Kruger, J Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Kohl, HW TI Are adults achieving the recommended physical activity level for losing weight? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 16 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400017 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Kohl, HW AF Kruger, J Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Kohl, HW TI Gender-specific physical activity patterns among US adults - National health interview survey 1998. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 17 BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400018 ER PT J AU Laney, AS Dollard, SC Jaffe, HW Offermann, MK Spira, TJ Gunthel, CJ Pellett, PE Cannon, MJ AF Laney, AS Dollard, SC Jaffe, HW Offermann, MK Spira, TJ Gunthel, CJ Pellett, PE Cannon, MJ TI Inverse association between human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) antibody titers and presence of HHV-8 DNA. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 197 BP S50 EP S50 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400191 ER PT J AU Lawson, CC Schnorr, TM Whelan, EA Deddens, JA Dankovic, DA Piacitelli, LA Sweeney, MH Connally, LB AF Lawson, CC Schnorr, TM Whelan, EA Deddens, JA Dankovic, DA Piacitelli, LA Sweeney, MH Connally, LB TI Paternal occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Birthweight and birth defects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 245 BP S62 EP S62 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400238 ER PT J AU Mazurek, J Propes, D Holt, J Patterson, C Bannen-Nan, T Nicholson, L Bundesen, M Salehi, E DiOrio, M Duffy, R Moolenaar, R AF Mazurek, J Propes, D Holt, J Patterson, C Bannen-Nan, T Nicholson, L Bundesen, M Salehi, E DiOrio, M Duffy, R Moolenaar, R TI Multistate outbreak of salmonella typhimurium infections associated with drinking unpasteurized milk - Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Tennessee, 2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA L7 BP S106 EP S106 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400414 ER PT J AU McQuillan, G Kruszon-Moran, D Kottiri, B Curtin, L Lucas, J Kington, R AF McQuillan, G Kruszon-Moran, D Kottiri, B Curtin, L Lucas, J Kington, R TI Race and ethnic differences in three sexually transmissible infections: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 138 BP S35 EP S35 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400137 ER PT J AU Patel, RN Wallace, LJD AF Patel, RN Wallace, LJD TI Injury mortality among native American children, 1989-1998. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 207 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400199 ER PT J AU Pollack, LA Seeff, L Nadel, M Blackman, D AF Pollack, LA Seeff, L Nadel, M Blackman, D TI Colorectal cancer test use in the United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 53 BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400054 ER PT J AU Pratt, LA Swartz, KL AF Pratt, LA Swartz, KL TI Mental and physical health status and disability. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 258 BP S65 EP S65 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400252 ER PT J AU Ruder, AM Waters, MA Carreon, T Butler, MA Davis-King, KE Calvert, GM Schulte, PA Ward, EM Connally, LB Lu, J Wall, D Zivkovich, Z Heineman, EF Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD AF Ruder, AM Waters, MA Carreon, T Butler, MA Davis-King, KE Calvert, GM Schulte, PA Ward, EM Connally, LB Lu, J Wall, D Zivkovich, Z Heineman, EF Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD TI The Upper Midwest Health Study; A case-control study of primary intracranial gliomas among rural residents: Demographics. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 55 BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400055 ER PT J AU Rurangirwa, J Braun, KV Schendel, D Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Rurangirwa, J Braun, KV Schendel, D Yeargin-Allsopp, M TI Healthy behaviors and lifestyles in young adults with a history of mental retardation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 19 BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400019 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Hall, HI Thompson, T Hartman, A Glanz, K Rimer, B Rose, D AF Saraiya, M Hall, HI Thompson, T Hartman, A Glanz, K Rimer, B Rose, D TI Utilization of examination for skin cancer among US adults from 1992,1998, and 2000 national health interview surveys. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCI, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 56 BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400057 ER PT J AU Shults, RA Elder, RW AF Shults, RA Elder, RW TI Alcohol-related emergency department visits for unintentional injuries, United States, 2001: Estimates from the national electronic injury surveillance system all injury program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 209 BP S53 EP S53 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400202 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Whelan, E Deddens, J Stayner, L Ward, E AF Steenland, K Whelan, E Deddens, J Stayner, L Ward, E TI Ethylene oxide and breast cancer incidence in a cohort study of 7576 women. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 289 BP S73 EP S73 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400282 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Lubell, KM AF Swahn, MH Lubell, KM TI Prevalence and correlates of co-occurring suicidal and violent behavior among high school students in the United States, 2001. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 282 BP S71 EP S71 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400276 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB AF Thacker, SB TI Incident command - How the practicing epidemiologist works in the environment of emergency response: The SARS example. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA L9 BP S106 EP S106 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400415 ER PT J AU Vicari, A Ratard, R AF Vicari, A Ratard, R TI Determinants of West Nile meningoencephalitis risk - Louisiana, 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 400 BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400393 ER PT J AU Wheaton, A Blanck, HM Gizlice, Z Reyes, M AF Wheaton, A Blanck, HM Gizlice, Z Reyes, M TI Prevalence of medicinal herb use in adults and children: Data from the 2001 North Carolina BRFSS. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 310 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400304 ER PT J AU Whitehead, N Helms, K Wilson, H AF Whitehead, N Helms, K Wilson, H TI Racial differences in risk status among women with a recent live birth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 349 BP S88 EP S88 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400342 ER PT J AU Whitehead, N Helms, K Wilson, H AF Whitehead, N Helms, K Wilson, H TI Racial differences in preterm delivery among very low risk women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 299 BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400291 ER PT J AU Whyatt, R Rauh, V Barr, D Camann, D Andrews, H Perera, F AF Whyatt, R Rauh, V Barr, D Camann, D Andrews, H Perera, F TI Prenatal insecticide exposure adversely affects fetal-growth in an urban minority cohort. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SwRI, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 269 BP S68 EP S68 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400262 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Bobo, J Mulinare, J Erickson, D Watkins, M AF Williams, JL Bobo, J Mulinare, J Erickson, D Watkins, M TI A qualitative study of clinician knowledge and practices on identifying B12 deficiency in patients ages 50 years of age and older Atlanta and Seattle, 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 369 BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400362 ER PT J AU Winston, C Austin, H Dilley, A Hooper, W Evatt, B Sherman, S AF Winston, C Austin, H Dilley, A Hooper, W Evatt, B Sherman, S TI Comparing case-control and case-only results for genetic interactions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 285 BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400278 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Atkinson, M Erickson, JD AF Yang, Q Atkinson, M Erickson, JD TI Weighted proportion of reproductive-aged women taking folic acid-containing supplements to prevent neural tube defects, weighted by age-specific fertility rates. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 31 BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400031 ER PT J AU Yeung, L Ye, R Gindler, J Li, Z Berry, R Wang, H Zheng, J AF Yeung, L Ye, R Gindler, J Li, Z Berry, R Wang, H Zheng, J TI Evaluation of the reproductive health surveillance system in Haiyan County, China, 1993-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 11-14, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 11 SU S MA 352 BP S88 EP S88 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 687PJ UT WOS:000183385400345 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Naco, GM Wilcox, TG Sieber, WK AF Mendell, MJ Naco, GM Wilcox, TG Sieber, WK TI Environmental risk factors and work-related lower respiratory symptoms in 80 office buildings: An exploratory analysis of NIOSH data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE indoor environmental quality; indoor air quality; sick building syndrome; nonspecific symptoms; respiratory symptoms; respiratory disease; ventilation systems; building-related illness; asthma ID HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; OUTBREAK; DAMPNESS; HEALTH; ASTHMA; DUST AB Background We evaluated relationships between lower respiratory symptoms and risk factors or microbiological contamination in office buildings. Methods The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health collected data from 80 office buildings during standardized indoor environmental-health hazard evaluations. Present analyses included lower respiratory symptom-based outcome definitions and risk factors for potential microbiologic contamination. Multivariate logistic regression models for selected outcomes identified key risk factors. Results Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for "at least three of four work-related lower respiratory symptoms" were, for debris in ventilation air intake, 2.0 (1.0-3.9), and for poor drainage in air-conditioning drip pans, 2.6 (1.3-5.2). Adjusted associations with risk factors were consistently stronger for outcomes requiring both multiple symptoms and improvement away from work, and somewhat stronger among diagnosed asthmatics. Conclusions Moisture and debris in ventilation systems, possibly by supporting microbiologic growth, may increase adverse respiratory effects, particularly among asthmatics. Data from more representative buildings are needed to confirm these findings. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US FDA, Off Field Programs, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Surveys, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 630 EP 641 DI 10.1002/ajim.10211 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 682GF UT WOS:000183082800008 PM 12768613 ER PT J AU Friedman, SR Ompad, DC Maslow, C Young, R Case, P Hudson, SM Diaz, T Morse, E Bailey, S Jarlais, DCD Perlis, T Hollibaugh, A Garfein, RS AF Friedman, SR Ompad, DC Maslow, C Young, R Case, P Hudson, SM Diaz, T Morse, E Bailey, S Jarlais, DCD Perlis, T Hollibaugh, A Garfein, RS TI HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and high-risk sexual and injection networks among young women injectors who have sex with women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USERS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; BISEXUAL WOMEN; INFECTION; HEALTH; SEROPREVALENCE; ORIENTATION; LESBIANS; DISEASE; CITIES C1 Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY 10010 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Res, New York, NY 10029 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Global AIDS Program, New York, NY 10029 USA. Tulane Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Illinois, Community Outreach Intervent Projects, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Friedman, SR (reprint author), Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, 71 W 23rd St, New York, NY 10010 USA. RI Ompad, Danielle/F-3163-2013; Young, Rebecca/D-1816-2014 OI Ompad, Danielle/0000-0003-0240-0393; Young, Rebecca/0000-0001-6690-5353 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R01 AA010870]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA10870, R01 DA11880-03S1] NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 6 BP 902 EP 906 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.6.902 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685ZJ UT WOS:000183294800018 PM 12773350 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE AF Anderson, JE TI Condom use and HIV risk among US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; NATIONAL SURVEY; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 6 BP 912 EP 914 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.6.912 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685ZJ UT WOS:000183294800020 PM 12773352 ER PT J AU Lee, LM Lehman, JS Bindman, AB Fleming, PL AF Lee, LM Lehman, JS Bindman, AB Fleming, PL TI Validation of race/ethnicity and transmission mode in the USHIV/AIDS reporting system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd National HIV Prevention Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID COMPLETENESS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Lee, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 6 BP 914 EP 917 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.6.914 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685ZJ UT WOS:000183294800021 PM 12773353 ER PT J AU Stall, R Mills, TC Williamson, J Hart, T Greenwood, G Paul, J Pollack, L Binson, D Osmond, D Catania, JA AF Stall, R Mills, TC Williamson, J Hart, T Greenwood, G Paul, J Pollack, L Binson, D Osmond, D Catania, JA TI Association of co-occurring psychosocial health problems and increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among urban men who have sex with men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; ALCOHOL-USE; DRUG-USE; SAMPLE; RISK; POPULATION; DISORDERS; WOMEN; ABUSE AB Objectives. We measured the extent to which a set of psychosocial health problems have an additive effect on increasing HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional household probability telephone sample of MSM in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco. Results. Psychosocial health problems are highly intercorrelated among urban MSM. Greater numbers of health, problems are significantly and positively associated with high-risk sexual behavior and HIV infection. Conclusions. AIDS prevention among MSM has overwhelmingly focused on sexual risk alone. Other health problems among MSM not only are important in their own right, but also may interact to increase HIV risk. HIV prevention might become more effective by addressing the broader health concerns of MSM while also focusing on sexual risks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div Std HIV Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Stall, R (reprint author), CDC, Prevent Res Branch, DHAP, NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH54320, R01 MH054320] NR 21 TC 381 Z9 394 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 6 BP 939 EP 942 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.6.939 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685ZJ UT WOS:000183294800027 PM 12773359 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Pinkerton, SD Voigt, R Counts, GW AF Chesson, HW Pinkerton, SD Voigt, R Counts, GW TI HIV infections and associated costs attributable to syphilis coinfection among African Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; RISK; PREDICTIONS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH AB Objectives. We estimated the number and cost of syphilis-attributable HIV cases among African Americans. Methods. A mathematical model of HIV transmission was used to estimate the number of partnerships consisting of HIV-discordant African Americans in which infectious syphilis was present and the number of new HIV cases attributable to syphilis in these partnerships. Results. In 2000, an estimated 545 new cases of HIV infection among African Americans could be attributed to the facilitative effects of infectious syphilis, at a cost of about $113 million. Conclusions. Syphilis prevention could reduce HIV incidence rates and the disproportionate burden of HIV/AIDS on the African American community, resulting in substantial reductions in future HIV/AIDS medical costs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30-MH52776, K02-MH01919, K02 MH001919, P30 MH052776] NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 6 BP 943 EP 948 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.6.943 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685ZJ UT WOS:000183294800028 PM 12773360 ER PT J AU Needle, RH Trotter, RT Singer, M Bates, C Page, JB Metzger, D Marcelin, LH AF Needle, RH Trotter, RT Singer, M Bates, C Page, JB Metzger, D Marcelin, LH TI Rapid assessment of the HIV/AIDS crisis in racial and ethnic minority communities: An approach for timely community interventions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; PROGRAM; STATES; CARE AB Objectives. The US Department of Health and Human Services, in collaboration with the Congressional Black Caucus, created a new initiative to address the disproportionate ongoing HlV/AlDS crisis. in racial/ethnic minority populations. Methods. This initiative included deploying technical assistance teams through the Office of HIV/AIDS Policy. The teams introduced rapid assessment and response methodologies and trained minority communities in their use. Results. The first 3 eligible cities (Detroit, Miami, and Philadelphia) focused assessments in small geographic areas, Using multiple methodologies to obtain data. Conclusions. Data from the first 3 eligible cities provided critical information about changing the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the local level, including program and policy changes and infrastructure redeployment targeted at the most serious social and environmental conditions. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Anthropol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. CDC, GAP Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off HIV AIDS Policy, Washington, DC USA. Hispan Hlth Council, Hartford, CT USA. Univ Miami, Dept Anthropol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Studies Addict, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Miami, Ctr Haitian Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Trotter, RT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Anthropol, Campus Box 15200, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 41 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 6 BP 970 EP 979 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.6.970 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 685ZJ UT WOS:000183294800032 PM 12773364 ER PT J AU Brooks, JT Shapiro, RL Kumar, L Wells, JG Phillips-Howard, PA Shi, YP Vulule, JM Hoekstra, RM Mintz, E Slutsker, L AF Brooks, JT Shapiro, RL Kumar, L Wells, JG Phillips-Howard, PA Shi, YP Vulule, JM Hoekstra, RM Mintz, E Slutsker, L TI Epidemiology of sporadic bloody diarrhea in rural Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS; RISK-FACTORS; NALIDIXIC-ACID; TYPHOID-FEVER; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; CHOLERA; BURUNDI; MANAGEMENT AB We conducted laboratory-based surveillance and a case-control study to characterize the epidemiology of bloody diarrhea in rural Western Kenya. From May 1997 through April 2001, we collected stool from 451 persons with bloody diarrhea presenting to four rural clinics. Cultures of 231 (51%) specimens yielded 247 bacterial pathogens: 198 Shigella (97 S. flexneri, 41 S. dysenteriae type 1, 39 S. dysenteriae type non-1, 13 S. boydii, 8 S. sonnei), 33 Campylobacter, 15 non-typhoidal Salmonella, and I Vibrio cholerae O1. More than 90% of the isolates (excluding Campylobacter) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, and more than 80% were resistant to ampicillin. Most (74%) ill persons received medication to which their isolate was resistant. Drinking Lake Victoria water and sharing latrines between multiple households increased risk of bloody diarrhea. Washing hands after defecating was protective. Providing safe drinking water and more latrines, and promoting hand washing could reduce the burden of illness from bloody diarrhea while limiting injudicious antimicrobial use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol Control & Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Brooks, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 671 EP 677 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 699UZ UT WOS:000184075500012 PM 12892051 ER PT J AU Rizzo, NR Arana, BA Diaz, A Cordon-Rosales, C Klein, RE Powell, MR AF Rizzo, NR Arana, BA Diaz, A Cordon-Rosales, C Klein, RE Powell, MR TI Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among school-age children in the endemic area of Guatemala SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; RISK AB In support of the National Program for Chagas Disease Control, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence rate of Trypanosoma cruzi infection across the five Departments (Chiquimula, Jalapa, Zacapa, Jutiapa, and Santa Rosa) that are believed to comprise the entire principal endemic area in Guatemala. Also, so that the results could be used to identify areas of active transmission, we conducted the survey in school-aged children. We used an experimental enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with blood samples obtained by finger prick to estimate the seroprevalence of T cruzi. This assay has been previously tested and showed good sensitivity and specificity. Overall, the seropositivity rate for T cruzi infection was 5.28% (235 of 4,450). Of 173 communities evaluated, 35 (20.23%) had a seropositive rate ranging from 10% to 45%. A number of parameters, including but not limited to living conditions, were examined for possible association with seropositivity. While there are several associations, the strongest association with seropositivity is living in a house with a thatch roof. The survey results will permit the Ministry of Health to stratify T cruzi-endemic communities, enabling local health authorities to efficiently focus on vector control operations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Hlth Studies, Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Entolmol Res & Training Unit Guatemala, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, APO, AA 34024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 678 EP 682 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 699UZ UT WOS:000184075500013 PM 12887026 ER PT J AU Kanny, D Schieber, RA Jones, BH Ryan, GW Sorensen, BJ AF Kanny, D Schieber, RA Jones, BH Ryan, GW Sorensen, BJ TI Motorcycle casualties sustained during Daytona Beach bike week 2000: Lessons learned SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Study objective: In March 2000, an estimated 500,000 people attended an annual motorcycle rally in Daytona Beach, FL, where approximately 64,000 residents live year-round. The media reported 15 deaths during this 10-day event. To more, comprehensively assess the extent of trauma and need for emergency medical care we, investigated all motorcycle crashes, regardless of outcome. Methods: Motorcycle-related crash data from local medical examiner, hospital, emergency medical services (EMS), and police sources were linked. Frequencies of crashes, injuries, hospitalizations, and deaths were determined, and EMS use data were analyzed. Results: During Bike Week 2000, 570 people were involved in 281 motorcycle-related crashes. Two hundred thirty (40%) people were injured, of which 147 (64%) sought treatment in emergency departments, 72 (31%) were hospitalized, and 11 (5%) died. In crashes between motorcycles and passenger cars, individuals exposed as motorcycle Occupants were 8.7 times more likely to be injured than car occupants (95%, confidence limit 1.7, 15.7). Of 205 EMS dispatches for motorcycle-related crashes, two thirds resulted in transport to an ED. Data needed to assess known risk factors (eg, alcohol use, speed, lack of helmet use) were not routinely ascertained at either the Crash site or ED. Conclusion: Although fatalities first called attention to the problem, nonfatal injuries outnumbered deaths 20:1. The manpower resources of civil service and health resources could become overwhelmed or exhausted in circumstances in which many people are injured or killed throughout a relatively long period. The situation deserves future study. Better risk factor surveillance is needed to help prevent crashes. C1 Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off,Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control,Div Unintent In, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control,Off Stat & Prog, Atlanta, GA USA. Volusia Cty Hlth Dept, Daytona Beach, FL USA. RP Kanny, D (reprint author), Georgia Div Publ Hlth, 2 Peachtree St,Suite 14-493, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 792 EP 797 DI 10.1067/mem.2003.191 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 685JR UT WOS:000183260000003 PM 12764332 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Gangemi, JD AF Johnson, JA Gangemi, JD TI Alpha interferon augments cidofovir's antiviral and antiproliferative activities SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; VIRUS-REPLICATION; RETINOIC ACID; THERAPY; INFECTION; CELLS; PAPILLOMATOSIS; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION AB The antiviral and antiproliferative activities of alpha 2a interferon (IFN-alpha2a) and cidofovir in human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)-transformed keratinocytes were evaluated. The compounds in combination were more effective than comparable levels of either drug alone. Evaluation of effective drug ratios revealed a synergistic cooperation between IFN-alpha2a and cidofovir in inhibiting the proliferation of HPV-infected cells. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Med, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Greenville Hosp Syst Biomed Cooperat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DASTLR, HARB, Bldg 15,MS G19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 6 BP 2022 EP 2026 DI 10.1128/AAC.47.6.2022-2026.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 684BD UT WOS:000183184800044 PM 12760891 ER PT J AU Bennet, DE Zaidi, IF Heneine, W Woods, T Garcia-Lerma, JG Smith, AJ McCormick, L Weinstock, HS AF Bennet, DE Zaidi, IF Heneine, W Woods, T Garcia-Lerma, JG Smith, AJ McCormick, L Weinstock, HS TI Prevalence of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance among men and women newly diagnosed with HIV in 10 US cities, 1997-2001 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 10-14, 2003 CL Los Cabos, MEXICO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 IS 3 MA 119 BP U116 EP U116 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 955YK UT WOS:000231265900131 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG MacInnes, H Bennett, D Weinstock, H Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, JG MacInnes, H Bennett, D Weinstock, H Heneine, W TI Transmitted HIV-1 carrying D67N or K219Q evolve rapidly to zidovudine resistance in vitro and show a high replicative fitness in the presence of zidovudine SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 10-14, 2003 CL Los Cabos, MEXICO C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS,STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 8 IS 3 MA 82 BP U81 EP U82 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 955YK UT WOS:000231265900094 ER PT J AU Shane, AL Tucker, NA Crump, JA Mintz, ED Painter, JA AF Shane, AL Tucker, NA Crump, JA Mintz, ED Painter, JA TI Sharing Shigella: Risk factors lor a multicommunity outbreak of shigellosis SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DAY-CARE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shane, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 157 IS 6 BP 601 EP 603 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 688AB UT WOS:000183408900017 PM 12796243 ER PT J AU Sang, RC Gichogo, A Gachoya, J Dunster, MD Ofula, V Hunt, AR Crabtree, MB Miller, BR Dunster, LM AF Sang, RC Gichogo, A Gachoya, J Dunster, MD Ofula, V Hunt, AR Crabtree, MB Miller, BR Dunster, LM TI Isolation of a new flavivirus related to cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) from field-collected flood-water Aedes mosquitoes sampled from a dambo in central Kenya SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS FLAVIVIRUS; ALBOPICTUS; TRANSMISSION; PHYLOGENY AB Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) is an RNA insect virus that was isolated from a line of Aedes aegypti mosquito cells and has been assigned to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. We report here the first isolation of a CFA-like virus from field-collected mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae and pupae were sampled from flooded dambos in Central Province, Kenya during the short rain season of 1999. Specimens were reared to adults, identified and pooled by species and were tested for the presence of virus. Two virus isolates were obtained from two pools of Aedes macintoshi mosquitoes. The virus isolates replicated only in invertebrate cells in culture and not in vertebrate cells or in mice. The virus isolates did not antigenically cross-react with known arboviruses but were identified to family by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) performed using primers specific to alphaviruses, bunyaviruses and flaviviruses; only the flavivirus-specific primers produced a DNA fragment of the expected size. Nucleic acid sequencing of this fragment showed the two isolates to be nearly identical. Comparison of sequences to the GenBank database using BLAST identified the virus as most closely related to CFAV. Results from cross-neutralization tests suggested that, although the BLAST search indicated homology to CFAV, the virus isolated represented a new insect flavivirus. Detailed characterization of this new virus, described in Crabtree et al. [7], (pp 1095-1118, this issue) further supports this finding. We propose this new flavivirus be designated Kamiti River virus (KRV). This is the first isolation of a CFA-like virus from field-collected mosquitoes and indicates the presence of this group of viruses in nature. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Crabtree, MB (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 21 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 148 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1093 DI 10.1007/s00705-003-0018-8 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 693MZ UT WOS:000183722500005 PM 12756616 ER PT J AU Crabtree, MB Sang, RC Stollar, V Dunster, LM Miller, BR AF Crabtree, MB Sang, RC Stollar, V Dunster, LM Miller, BR TI Genetic and phenotypic characterization of the newly described insect flavivirus, Kamiti River virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN NS1; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; 3'-NONCODING REGION; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; GENOME RNA; CYCLIZATION SEQUENCES; UNTRANSLATED REGION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB We have described in the accompanying paper by Sang, et al., ([57], Arch Virol 2003: 1085-1093) the isolation and identification of a new flavivirus, Kamiti River virus (KRV), from Ae. macintoshi mosquitoes that were collected as larvae and pupae from flooded dambos in Central Province, Kenya. Among known flaviviruses, KRV was shown to be most similar to, but genetically and phenotypically distinct from, Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV). KRV was provisionally identified as an insect-only flavivirus that fails to replicate in vertebrate cells or in mice. We report here the further characterization of KRV Growth in cell culture was compared to that of CFAV; although growth kinetics were similar, KRV did not cause the cell fusion that is characteristic of CFAV infection. The KRV genome was found to be 11,375 nucleotides in length, containing a single open reading frame encoding 10 viral proteins. Likely polyprotein cleavage sites were identified, which were most similar to those of CFAV and were comparable to those of other flaviviruses. Sequence identity with other flaviviruses was low; maximum identity was with CFAV Possible terminal secondary structures for the 5' and 3' non-coding regions (NCR) were similar to those predicted for other flaviviruses. Whereas CFAV was isolated from insect cells in the laboratory, the isolation of KRV demonstrates the presence of an insect-only favivirus in nature and raises questions regarding potential interactions between this virus and other mosquito-borne viruses in competent vector populations. Additionally, this virus will be an important tool in future studies to determine markers associated with flavivirus host specificity. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Virus Res, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Crabtree, MB (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 56 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 148 IS 6 BP 1095 EP 1118 DI 10.1007/s00705-003-0019-7 PG 24 WC Virology SC Virology GA 693MZ UT WOS:000183722500006 PM 12756617 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI The metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; fibrinogen; leukocytes; inflammation; metabolic syndrome x ID BLOOD-CELL COUNT; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; RISK-FACTORS; SYNDROME-X; US ADULTS; SUBCLINICAL INFLAMMATION; POPULATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB To examine the association between the metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count, the author did a cross-sectional analysis of data from 8570 participants aged greater than or equal to 20 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). The metabolic syndrome was defined using criteria established by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. The age-adjusted prevalence of having an elevated C-reactive protein concentration was 29.0% (S.E.: 1.6%) for participants with the metabolic syndrome and 12.1% (S.E.: 0.6%) for participants without the metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.36, 3.33). Compared with participants who had no abnormalities, the corresponding adjusted ORs were 1.91 (95% CI: 1.27, 2.87),3.00 (95% CI: 1.96, 4.60),5.01 (95% CI: 3.39,7.41), 5.97 (95% CI: 3.83, 9.31), and 6.79 (95% CI: 3.55, 12.99) for participants with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 metabolic abnormalities, respectively. Participants with the metabolic syndrome had higher fibrinogen concentrations and white blood cell counts than those without this syndrome. Many people with the metabolic syndrome have a low-grade inflammation, which may increase their risk for future adverse events. A better understanding of the potential consequences of the high prevalence of low-grade inflammation among people with the metabolic syndrome is needed. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 190 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 2 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(03)00134-5 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 694QF UT WOS:000183784900018 PM 12801619 ER PT J AU Dixit, VD Yang, HW Udhayakumar, V Sridaran, R AF Dixit, VD Yang, HW Udhayakumar, V Sridaran, R TI Gonadotropin-releasing hormone alters the T helper cytokine balance in the pregnant rat SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE cytokines; GnRH; GnRH-receptor; immunology; pregnancy ID RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; GNRH AGONIST TREATMENT; TH1/TH2 BALANCE; CELL TOLERANCE; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; PROGESTERONE; MICE; LYMPHOCYTES; RESPONSES AB The interactions between immune-endocrine and reproductive systems are heightened during pregnancy as an adaptive mechanism, and are regulated by a complex array of hormones and cytokines that control the survival of a semiallogeneic conceptus. GnRH can exert direct effects on the immune system via its receptor (GnRH-R) on lymphoid cells. In the present study, we employed in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo approaches to investigate the role of GnRH in the modulation of T helper cytokines in pregnant rats undergoing termination of pregnancy. Day 8 pregnant rats were infused with a GnRH agonist (GnRH-Ag) for 24 h using an osmotic minipump. Sham control rats were infused with the vehicle, saline. Lymphocytes were isolated from sham and treated rats and polyclonally stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 antibody. The levels of the signature T helper I (Th-1) cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] and interleukin-2 [IL-2]) and Th-2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were measured in culture supernatants. Using immunoflourescence confocal microscopy, we demonstrated for the first time the spatial localization of GnRH-R protein on the surface of lymphocytes. We observed a marked increase in IFN-gamma and inhibition of IL-4 production from lymphocytes of pregnant rats treated in vitro with different doses of GnRH-Ag. Further, the responsiveness of lymphocytes to produce IFN-gamma was markedly increased in cells cultured ex vivo from GnRH-Ag infused rats, whereas the capacity of lymphocytes to produce IL-4 was significantly inhibited. in addition, GnRH-Ag infusion in pregnant rats induced a shift toward Th-1 cytokines in the serum. We did not observe any significant difference in IL-2 and IL-10 production in response to GnRH-Ag. Our results suggest an additional function for GnRH as a Th-1 inducer and Th-2 inhibitor. GnRH can thus skew the cytokine balance to predominantly Th-1 type in pregnancy, leading to the termination of pregnancy in rats. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dixit, VD (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 720 Westview Dr Sw, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD41749]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08248] NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2215 EP 2221 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.012211 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 683CN UT WOS:000183130000033 PM 12606332 ER PT J AU DiGirolamo, AM Grummer-Strawn, LM Fein, SB AF DiGirolamo, AM Grummer-Strawn, LM Fein, SB TI Do perceived attitudes of physicians and hospital staff affect breastfeeding decisions? SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article ID INCOME WOMEN; EDUCATION; KNOWLEDGE; FATHERS AB Background: In the United States, since a substantial percentage of mothers are not breastfeeding, research is needed to assess important influences on breastfeeding. The current study assessed the impact on breastfeeding of the perceived attitudes of health care providers about infant feeding. Methods: A longitudinal mail survey (1993-1994) was administered to 1620 women prenatally through 12 months postpartum; the current study focused on the prenatal and neonatal periods (66% response rate). The outcome variable was failure to breastfeed beyond 6 weeks. Predictor variables were the mother's perceptions of her prenatal physician's and hospital staff's attitudes on infant feeding. Analysis controlled for mother's prenatal breastfeeding intentions, father's feeding preference, and demographic and psychosocial variables. Results: Forty-one percent of the mothers were not breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum. Substantial percentages of mothers reported that physicians and hospital staff expressed a preference for breastfeeding (38% and 57%, respectively), or expressed no preference (61% and 42%, respectively), whereas few favored formula feeding. Adjusted analyses indicated that "no preference" by hospital staff was a significant risk factor for failure to breastfeed beyond 6 weeks. "No preference" by physicians did not significantly influence breastfeeding outcome in these analyses. Further analyses indicated that the effects of perceived hospital staff attitudes were only present for mothers who intended prenatally to breastfeed for 2 months or less. Conclusions: Many women did not report receiving positive breastfeeding messages from their health caregivers and hospital staff. A perceived neutral attitude from the hospital staff is related to not breastfeeding beyond 6 weeks, especially among mothers who prenatally intended to breastfeed for only a short time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Grummer-Strawn, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 32 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD JUN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1046/j.1523-536X.2003.00227.x PG 7 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 676WJ UT WOS:000182775300004 PM 12752166 ER PT J AU Bobo, JK Lawson, HW Lee, NC AF Bobo, JK Lawson, HW Lee, NC TI Risk factors for failure to detect a cancer during clinical breast examinations (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast; cancer; professional practice; screening ID NATIONAL BREAST; CASE-SERIES; WOMEN; PREDICTORS; PROGRAM AB Background: Although clinical breast examinations (CBEs) provide important opportunities to detect breast cancer, little is known about factors that affect cancer detection during CBEs performed in community settings. To evaluate several potential factors, we analyzed data from 1,056, 153 cancer screening records reported to the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program(NBC CEDP). Methods: Using case-series methods, we compared 2159 cancers missed during CBEs with 3161 cancers detected during CBEs. Cancers missed during CBE were found by mammography and confirmed by biopsy or. ne needle aspiration. Results: After controling for cancer stage, tumor size, and breast symptoms at time of CBE, we found that patient age and CBE history were significantly associated with the likelihood of cancer detection. Compared to women 50 59, women 40-49 were more likely to have their cancer detected during CBE (odds ratio (OR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.47-2.29), while women 70 and older were less likely to have it detected (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55-1.00). Among women receiving their first NBCCEDP-funded CBE, 67.5% had their cancer detected by CBE. Among women receiving their second or third CBE, the values were 59.3 and 48.8%, respectively. In an adjusted logistic model, a significant inverse relationship was observed between number of prior CBEs and percent of cancers detected in the index CBE (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.88). Conclusions: Among women diagnosed with breast cancer, older women and those who have had multiple CBEs were more likely to have their cancer missed during CBE. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bobo, JK (reprint author), Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, 4500 Sand Point Way NE,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD JUN PY 2003 VL 14 IS 5 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1023/A:1024904104286 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 705VU UT WOS:000184417300008 PM 12946041 ER PT J AU Dong, M Anda, RF Dube, SR Giles, WH Felitti, VJ AF Dong, M Anda, RF Dube, SR Giles, WH Felitti, VJ TI The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child abuse; sexual; child neglect; household dysfunction ID LONG-TERM IMPACT; NATIONAL SURVEY; RISK-FACTORS; ALCOHOL-ABUSE; ADULT; WOMEN; EXPERIENCES; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective: This study assesses the relationship of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) to nine other categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including childhood abuse, neglect, and multiple types of household dysfunction. Methods: Retrospective cohort study data were collected from 17-133,7 adult health plan members who responded to a survey questionnaire. Regression models adjusted for age, race, and education were used to estimate the strength of the association of CSA to each of the other nine ACEs and a graded relationship between measures of the severity of CSA and the number of other ACEs (ACE score). Results: CSA was reported by 25% of women and 16% of men. In comparison with persons who were not exposed to CSA, the likelihood of experiencing each category of ACE increased 2- to 3.4-fold for women and 1.6- to 2.5-fold for men (p < .05). The adjusted mean ACE score showed a significant positive graded relationship to the severity, duration, and frequency of CSA and an inverse relationship to age at first occurrence of CSA (p < .01). Conclusions: CSA is strongly associated with experiencing multiple other forms of ACEs. The strength of this association appears to increase as the measures of severity of the CSA increases. The understanding of the interrelatedness of CSA with multiple ACEs should be considered in the design of studies, treatment, and programs to prevent CSA as well as other forms of ACEs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dong, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4170 Buford Highway NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 27 IS 6 BP 625 EP 639 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00105-4 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 694EW UT WOS:000183761700003 PM 12818611 ER PT J AU Caldwell, KL Maxwell, CB Makhmudov, A Pino, S Braverman, LE Jones, RL Hollowell, JG AF Caldwell, KL Maxwell, CB Makhmudov, A Pino, S Braverman, LE Jones, RL Hollowell, JG TI Use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure urinary iodine in NHANES 2000: Comparison with previous method SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Dept Med, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Caldwell, KL (reprint author), CDC, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Makhmudov, Amir/B-6114-2009 NR 9 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1021 DI 10.1373/49.6.1019 PN 1 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JJ UT WOS:000183088100043 PM 12766019 ER PT J AU Lacher, DA Hughes, JP Carroll, MD AF Lacher, DA Hughes, JP Carroll, MD TI Estimate of biological variation of laboratory tests based on the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemiatry CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 SU S BP A95 EP A95 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JP UT WOS:000183088700298 ER PT J AU McCoy, LF Schleicher, RL Pfeiffer, CM AF McCoy, LF Schleicher, RL Pfeiffer, CM TI HPLC method for measurement of ascorbic acid in serum using electrochemical detection with an internal standard. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemiatry CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 SU S BP A144 EP A144 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JP UT WOS:000183088700465 ER PT J AU Ospina, MP Vesper, H Audain, C Woolfitt, R Barr, JR Myers, G AF Ospina, MP Vesper, H Audain, C Woolfitt, R Barr, JR Myers, G TI Quantification of bone markers by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemiatry CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 SU S BP A127 EP A128 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JP UT WOS:000183088700409 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S Stankovic, AK Lubin, IM Handsfield, JH White, MD AF Shahangian, S Stankovic, AK Lubin, IM Handsfield, JH White, MD TI Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and low molecular weight heparin testing practices in a survey of 800 randomly selected US hospitals. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemiatry CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 SU S BP A4 EP A4 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JP UT WOS:000183088700009 ER PT J AU Stabler, TV Jordan, JM Kraus, VB Luta, G Renner, JB Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG AF Stabler, TV Jordan, JM Kraus, VB Luta, G Renner, JB Dragomir, AD Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG TI Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and osteoarthritis SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemiatry CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 SU S BP A53 EP A53 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JP UT WOS:000183088700166 ER PT J AU Vesper, H Porter, KH Archibold, E Myers, GL AF Vesper, H Porter, KH Archibold, E Myers, GL TI Candidate reference method for measuring glucose in capillary whole blood and serum. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemiatry CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA C1 CDC, NCEH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 SU S BP A127 EP A127 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JP UT WOS:000183088700407 ER PT J AU Waymack, PP Kemp, TM Myers, GL AF Waymack, PP Kemp, TM Myers, GL TI The CDC isotope-dilution GC-mass spectrometry method for free glycerol in serum. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemiatry CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 SU S BP A165 EP A165 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JP UT WOS:000183088700530 ER PT J AU Waymack, PP Ethridge, SF Myers, GL AF Waymack, PP Ethridge, SF Myers, GL TI Long-term stability of the CDC beta-quantification reference method for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemiatry CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 6 SU S BP A165 EP A166 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 682JP UT WOS:000183088700531 ER PT J AU Kirschke, DL Jones, TF Stratton, CW Barnett, JA Schaffner, W AF Kirschke, DL Jones, TF Stratton, CW Barnett, JA Schaffner, W TI Outbreak of joint and soft-tissue infections associated with injections from a multiple-dose medication vial SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; USE PATTERNS; STERILITY; CONTAMINATION; TRANSMISSION; DIPHTHERIA; ABSCESSES AB An outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus joint and soft-tissue infections occurred after therapeutic injections in an outpatient setting. A physician performed intra-articular or soft-tissue injections on 17 patients in August 2001, and 5 (29%) were subsequently hospitalized for infections at the site. S. aureus was isolated from 4 patients, and all 4 isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Of 10 patients injected with lidocaine and triamcinolone, 5 (50%) developed infections, compared with 0 of 7 patients injected with triamcinolone only (P = .04). A multiple-dose vial (MDV) of lidocaine was likely contaminated with S. aureus. A possible contributing factor was refrigeration after the use of MDVs of lidocaine; the manufacturer recommends storage at room temperature. An in vitro study of S. aureus in MDVs of lidocaine revealed prolonged survival at refrigerator temperatures. This outbreak highlights the importance of strict attention to aseptic procedures and carefully following manufacturers' instructions when using MDVs. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Fannin Reg Hosp, Blue Ridge, GA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Kirschke, DL (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1373 DI 10.1086/375064 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 683BH UT WOS:000183126500004 PM 12766830 ER PT J AU Sirima, SB Sawadogo, R Moran, AC Konate, A Diarra, A Yameogo, M Parise, ME Newman, RD AF Sirima, SB Sawadogo, R Moran, AC Konate, A Diarra, A Yameogo, M Parise, ME Newman, RD TI Failure of a chloroquine chemoprophylaxis program to adequately prevent malaria during pregnancy in Koupela District, Burkina Faso SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Multilateral Intiative on Malaria Pan-African Malaria Conference CY NOV, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Agcy Int Dev, JHPIEGO Corp ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; WEST-AFRICAN VILLAGE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RURAL MALAWI; ANTIMALARIAL REGIMENS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; WOMEN; INFECTION AB In West Africa, administration of chloroquine chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy is common, but little is known about its impact on Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy. Therefore, cross-sectional studies in antenatal care clinics (ANCs) and delivery units (DUs) were conducted in Koupela District, Burkina Faso. Chloroquine chemoprophylaxis was reported by 69% of 597 pregnant women at ANCs and by 93% of 853 women in DUs. P. falciparum peripheral parasitemia was identified in 29% of women at both ANCs and DUs. Placental parasitemia was identified in 22% of delivering women and was strongly associated with low birth weight (LBW) ( risk ratio [RR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.4) and prematurity (RR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6-5.4). In multivariate analysis, use of chemoprophylaxis was not associated with a reduction in the prevalence of placental parasitemia, LBW, or prematurity. Despite the high reported chloroquine chemoprophylaxis coverage, peripheral and placental malaria rates remain high and are associated with known adverse outcomes during pregnancy, including maternal anemia, prematurity, and LBW. Alternative prevention strategies, such as use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets and intermittent preventive treatment with more-effective antimalarials, are needed. C1 CDCP, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Sante, Ctr Natl Rech & Format Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Sante Maternelle & Neonatale, Koupela, Burkina Faso. JHPIEGO Corp, Maternal & Neonatal Hlth Program, Baltimore, MD USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), CDCP, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1374 EP 1382 DI 10.1086/375077 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 683BH UT WOS:000183126500005 PM 12766831 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Vernon, MO Hayes, RA Nathan, C Rice, TW Peterson, BJ Segreti, J Welbel, SF Solomon, SL Weinstein, RA AF Trick, WE Vernon, MO Hayes, RA Nathan, C Rice, TW Peterson, BJ Segreti, J Welbel, SF Solomon, SL Weinstein, RA TI Impact of ring wearing on hand contamination and comparison of hand hygiene agents in a hospital SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; CANDIDA-PARAPSILOSIS; PATIENT-CARE; GLOVE USE; SKIN; OUTBREAK; EFFICACY; STAFF; UNIT AB We determined risk factors for hand contamination and compared the efficacy of 3 randomly allocated hand hygiene agents in a group of surgical intensive care unit nurses. We cultured samples of one of the subjects' hands before and samples of the other hand after hand hygiene was performed. Ring wearing was associated with 10-fold higher median skin organism counts; contamination with Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli, or Candida species; and a stepwise increased risk of contamination with any transient organism as the number of rings worn increased (odds ratio [OR] for 1 ring worn, 2.6; OR for >1 ring worn, 4.6). Compared with use of plain soap and water, hand contamination with any transient organism was significantly less likely after use of an alcohol-based hand rub (OR, 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-0.8) but not after use of a medicated hand wipe (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5-1.6). Ring wearing increased the frequency of hand contamination with potential nosocomial pathogens. Use of an alcohol-based hand rub resulted in significantly less frequent hand contamination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Chicago Antimicrobial Resistance Project, Chicago, IL USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Infect Dis, Durand Bldg,637 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 41 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1383 EP 1390 DI 10.1086/374852 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 683BH UT WOS:000183126500006 PM 12766832 ER PT J AU Roberts, RR Scott, RD Cordell, R Solomon, SL Steele, L Kampe, LM Trick, WE Weinstein, RA AF Roberts, RR Scott, RD Cordell, R Solomon, SL Steele, L Kampe, LM Trick, WE Weinstein, RA TI The use of economic modeling to determine the hospital costs associated with nosocomial infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; SURGICAL-SITE INFECTIONS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SCORING SYSTEMS; CDC DEFINITIONS AB Hospital-associated infection is well recognized as a patient safety concern requiring preventive interventions. However, hospitals are closely monitoring expenditures and need accurate estimates of potential cost savings from such prevention programs. We used a retrospective cohort design and economic modeling to determine the excess cost from the hospital perspective for hospital-associated infection in a random sample of adult medical patients. Study patients were classified as being not infected (), having suspected infection (n = 8), or having confirmed infection (n = 17). Severity of illness and intensive unit care use were both independently associated with increased cost. After controlling for these confounding effects, we found an excess cost of $6767 for suspected infection and $15,275 for confirmed hospital-acquired infection. The economic model explained 56% of the total variability in cost among patients. Hospitals can use these data when evaluating potential cost savings from effective infection-control measures. C1 Rush Univ, Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roberts, RR (reprint author), Rush Univ, Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, 1900 W Polk St,10th Fl, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 89 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1424 EP 1432 DI 10.1086/375061 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 683BH UT WOS:000183126500012 PM 12766838 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK AF Fridkin, SK TI Routine cycling of antimicrobial agents as an infection-control measure SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; RESTRICTION; PATHOGENS; IMPACT AB Antimicrobial cycling is the deliberate, scheduled removal and substitution of specific antimicrobials or classes of antimicrobials within an institutional environment (either hospital-wide or confined to specific units) to avoid or reverse the development of antimicrobial resistance. True antimicrobial cycling requires a return to the antimicrobial(s) that were first used. Testing of the hypothesis that cycling will result in a lower prevalence of resistance is ongoing, mostly occurs within intensive care units, and largely involves cycling regimens targeted for treatment of suspected gram-negative bacterial infections. Unfortunately, there has been insufficient study to determine whether any meaningful impact on resistance has occurred as a result of a cycling program. Mathematical models question the usefulness of cycling as an infection-control method. Published studies demonstrate that cycling may be one way to change prescribing practices by clinicians without sacrificing patient safety. However, optimizing antimicrobial use through traditional and novel methods ( e. g., computer decision support) should not be abandoned. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1438 EP 1444 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 683BH UT WOS:000183126500014 PM 12766840 ER PT J AU Ferguson, NE Steele, L Crawford, CY Huebner, NL Fonseka, JC Bonander, JC Kuehnert, MJ AF Ferguson, NE Steele, L Crawford, CY Huebner, NL Fonseka, JC Bonander, JC Kuehnert, MJ TI Bioterrorism Web site resources for infectious disease clinicians and epidemiologists SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB Finding bioterrorism-related information on the World Wide Web can be laborious. We hope to help readers find such information more easily by summarizing essential information in a consistent framework. A panel of 7 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviewers identified Web sites and evaluated them for sponsorship, mission, content usefulness, online ease of use, and adherence to commonly accepted quality criteria. Of 1100 potential sites identified, 81 were chosen for target content of interest, and 43 were selected for inclusion. The results were classified into general purpose/portal sites; biological agent information; laboratory, infection control, epidemiology, and mental health information; and emergency contact sources, news and updates, event preparedness resources, information for first-responder settings, clinical and public education materials, and research resources. Agents covered included anthrax, smallpox, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fever. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth Commun, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Resources Management Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northrop Grumman Mission Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ferguson, NE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth Commun, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1458 EP 1473 DI 10.1086/374560 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 683BH UT WOS:000183126500016 PM 12766842 ER PT J AU Burman, W Breese, P Weis, S Bock, N Bernardo, J Vernon, A AF Burman, W Breese, P Weis, S Bock, N Bernardo, J Vernon, A CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI The effects of local review on informed consent documents from a multicenter clinical trials consortium SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE institutional review board; consent form; human subjects protection; reading level; multicenter; clinical trials ID RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEES; HEALTH-SERVICES; FORMS; READABILITY; BOARDS; EXPERIENCE; PROTOCOLS AB There is increasing controversy about the appropriate role of the local institutional review board in the review of multicenter clinical studies. We evaluated the effects of the local review process at 25 study sites on the consent forms from two studies of the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium, a multicenter trials group. Two independent reviewers classified all changes made in the centrally approved consent forms; a third reviewer evaluated those changes if the two initial reviewers disagreed. The median time to initial local approval was 104.5 days (range 31-346). There were no changes in the study protocols as a result of local review. Consent forms became longer and less readable after local review, with a mean increase in grade level of 0.9 (+/-0.9) reading grade levels (p < 0.001). A median of 46.5 changes (range 3-160) were made in the centrally approved forms. Most changes (85.2%) involved altering wording without affecting meaning. Errors were commonly introduced (11.2% of changes), and 33 of 50 (66%) locally approved consent forms contained at least one error in protocol presentation or a required consent form element. Local approval of two multicenter clinical trials was time-consuming and resulted in many changes in centrally approved consent forms. These changes frequently decreased readability and introduced errors. (C) 2003 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80204 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Pulm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Burman, W (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. OI Bernardo, John/0000-0002-3922-0559 NR 28 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(03)00003-5 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 685HA UT WOS:000183255400001 PM 12757991 ER PT J AU Popovic, T Glass, M AF Popovic, T Glass, M TI Laboratory aspects of bioterrorism-related anthrax - from identification to molecular subtyping to microbial forensics SO CROATIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; bacterial typing techniques; bioterrorism; forensic medicine; laboratories; polymerase chain reaction ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; UNITED-STATES; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CEREUS; THURINGIENSIS; DIVERSITY; ASSAY AB During the bioterrorism-associated anthrax investigation of 2001 in the United States, 11 patients were diagnosed with inhalational anthrax and 11 more with the cutaneous forms of the disease. Over 125,000 specimens were processed at laboratories of the Laboratory Response Network including those at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Although the 2001 anthrax investigation initially began as a public health investigation, the forensic aspect quickly became a preeminent component of the investigation. Whereas a public health investigation aims primarily to identify the causative agent and its source, so that appropriate and timely control and preventative measures can be implemented, a forensic investigation goes further to associate the source of the causative agent with a specific individual or group. In addition to identification and molecular characterization of the causative agents, which are the crucial components of forensic microbiology, there are many other requirements and activities that need to be in place for investigators to successfully complete a forensic investigation. These activities include establishment of quality assurance/quality control criteria and regular proficiency testing for all laboratories where evidence is analyzed; additional and/or specialized training in handling and processing samples in accordance with forensic microbiology criteria, not only for first responders but also for laboratory and other public health scientists; and establishing and maintaining repositories and databases containing isolates of diverse temporal and geographic origins to provide a comparative and diverse background for investigators to identify and track the origin and source of such agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, DBMD,NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, DBMD,NCID, Mailstop G34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU MEDICINSKA NAKLADA PI ZAGREB PA VLASKA 69, HR-10000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0353-9504 J9 CROAT MED J JI Croat. Med. J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 698LJ UT WOS:000184000800015 PM 12808729 ER PT J AU Ziemer, DC Berkowitz, KJ Panayioto, RM El-Kebbi, IM Musey, VC Anderson, LS Wanko, NS Fowke, ML Brazier, CW Dunbar, WG Slocum, W Bacha, GM Gallina, DL Cook, CB Phillips, LS AF Ziemer, DC Berkowitz, KJ Panayioto, RM El-Kebbi, IM Musey, VC Anderson, LS Wanko, NS Fowke, ML Brazier, CW Dunbar, WG Slocum, W Bacha, GM Gallina, DL Cook, CB Phillips, LS TI A simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices is as effective as an exchange-based meal plan for urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; RISK-FACTORS; LIFE-STYLE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; DIETARY HABITS; UNITED-STATES; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - To compare a simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices with I traditional exchange-based meal plan in reducing HbA(1c) levels in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 648 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive instruction in either a healthy food choices meal plan (HFC) or an exchange-based meal plan (EXCH) to compare the impact on glycemic control, weight loss, serum lipids, and blood pressure at 6 months of follow-up. Dietary practices were assessed With food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS - At presentation, the HFC and EXCH groups were comparable in age (52 years), sex (65% women), weight (94 kg), BMI (33.5), duration of diabetes (4.8 years), fasting plasma glucose (10.5 mmol/l), and HbA(1c) (9.4%). improvements in glycemic control over 6 months were significant (P < 0.0001) but similar in both groups: HbA(1c) decreased from 9.7 to 7.8% with the HFC and from 9.6 to 7.7% with the EXCH. Improvements in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in both groups, whereas other lipids and blood pressure were not altered. The HFC and EXCH groups exhibited similar improvement in dietary practices With respect to intake of fats and sugar sweetened foods. Among obese patients, average weight change, the percentage of patients losing weight, and the distribution of weight lost were comparable with the two approaches. CONCLUSIONS - Medical nutrition therapy is effective in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Either a meal plan emphasizing guidelines for healthy food choices or a low literacy exchange method is equally effective as a meal planning approach. Because the HFC meal plan may be easier to teach and easier for patients to understand, it may be preferable for low-literacy patient populations. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ziemer, DC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 69 Butler St,SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HS-07922]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-48124] NR 53 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1719 EP 1724 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.6.1719 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UR UT WOS:000185505500010 PM 12766100 ER PT J AU Chen, KT Chen, CJ Gregg, EW Imperatore, G Narayan, KMV AF Chen, KT Chen, CJ Gregg, EW Imperatore, G Narayan, KMV TI Impaired fasting glucose and risk of diabetes in Taiwan: follow-up over 3 years SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE type 2 diabetes; impaired fasting glucose; incidence; Taiwan ID POPULATION; PREVALENCE; MELLITUS; AGE AB The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between fasting glucose levels and development of diabetes among residents of Penghu, Taiwan. From July 1995 to June 1996, a population-based cohort study was conducted among residents aged ! 40 years on the island of Penghu, Taiwan. Of the 1601 surveyed, 1306 (81.6%) did not have diabetes. Six hundred of these 1306 persons were re-examined 3 years later. Participants with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration <110 mg/dl (< 6.1 mmol/l) were classified as normoglycemic, those with a glucose concentration of 110-126 mg/dl (6.1-7.0 mmol/l) had impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and those with a fasting glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) were considered to have diabetes. During the 3-year follow-up, 4.3% of the total population (1.4% per year, 95%, CI 0.9-1.9%) developed diabetes. Of those with lFG at baseline, 9.6%) (3.2% per year, 95% CI 1.8-5.0%) progressed to diabetes, but only 2.5% (0.8% per year, 95% CI 0.4-1.2%) of normoglycemic people did so. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of developing diabetes was 4.4 (95% CI 1.9-10.6) for persons with IFG compared with those who were normoglycemic at baseline. Other significant predictors of progression to diabetes were higher waist-hip ratio (WHR), triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apo B) levels. In this Asian Chinese population, IFG is a strong predictor of diabetes. The high rate of conversion from IFG to diabetes, combined with the previously observed high IFG prevalence, suggests future high prevalence rates of diabetes in Taiwan. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Dept Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Chen, KT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Dept Hlth, 6-8F,Lin Shen S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. RI Chen, Chien-Jen/C-6976-2008; Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Chen, Kow-Tong/0000-0001-9129-7054 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 3 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0168-8227(03)00037-8 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 685LF UT WOS:000183264300005 PM 12757990 ER PT J AU Looker, HC Fagot-Campagna, A Gunter, EW Pfeiffer, CM Narayan, KMV Knowler, WC Hanson, RL AF Looker, HC Fagot-Campagna, A Gunter, EW Pfeiffer, CM Narayan, KMV Knowler, WC Hanson, RL TI Homocysteine as a risk factor for nephropathy and retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; diabetic retinopathy; diabetic nephropathy; diabetes mellitus; type 2 ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PIMA-INDIANS; MELLITUS; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; HOMOCYST(E)INE; ASSOCIATION; HISTORY; INJURY AB Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between serum total homocysteine concentrations and microvascular complications in Pima Indians with Type 2 diabetes. Methods. Homocysteine concentrations were measured in frozen sera of 396 diabetic participants in a longitudinal study who were 40 years of age or older and who had attended one or more examinations between 1982 and1985. Retinopathy was assessed by fundoscopy and nephropathy by an albumin:creatinine ratio greater than 300 mg/g. The incidence rate ratio for a 5 mumol/l difference in homocysteine was calculated using proportional hazard regression. Results. The incidence of each complication was assessed in subjects without that complication at baseline and with more than one follow-up examination: 229 for nephropathy, 212 for retinopathy and 266 for proliferative retinopathy. There were 101 incident cases of nephropathy, 113 of retinopathy and 40 of proliferative retinopathy during a mean follow-up of 8.6, 7.5 and 8.9 years, respectively. Incidence of nephropathy was associated with homocysteine concentrations: IRR=1.42 (95% CI, 1.09-1.84, p=0.01); this remained statistically significant controlled for age, sex and duration of diabetes (p=0.03), but not when controlled for baseline renal function (p=0.4). Homocysteine concentrations were not associated with the incidence of any retinopathy IRR=1.14 (95%CI 0.89-1.46, p=0.3) but were associated with the incidence of proliferative retinopathy IRR=1.62 (95% CI 1.16-2.28, p=0.005); this association remained statistically significant when controlled for baseline renal function and diabetes duration (p=0.02). Conclusions/interpretation. Increased homocysteine concentrations are associated with an increased risk for incidence of nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy; the relation with incidence of nephropathy seems to be explained by an association with baseline albuminuria status concentrations, whereas the relation with incidence of proliferative retinopathy does not. C1 NIDDK, Diabet & Arthrit Epidemiol Sect, Phoenix, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Looker, HC (reprint author), 1550 E Indian Sch Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85014 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Hanson, Robert/O-3238-2015 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Hanson, Robert/0000-0002-4252-7068 NR 28 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD JUN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 6 BP 766 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s00125-003-1104-x PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 695GY UT WOS:000183823800004 PM 12774164 ER PT J AU Kaiser, R Spiegel, PB Henderson, AK Gerber, ML AF Kaiser, R Spiegel, PB Henderson, AK Gerber, ML TI The application of geographic information systems and global positioning systems in humanitarian emergencies: Lessons learned, programme implications and future research SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE geographic information; global positioning systems; remote sensing; satellite imagery; humanitarian emergencies ID TUBERCULOSIS DOTS STRATEGY; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HEALTH RESEARCH; PUBLIC-HEALTH; GIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TECHNOLOGIES; INFECTION; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB Geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems and remote sensing have been increasingly used in public health settings since the 1990s, but application of these methods in humanitarian emergencies has been less documented Recent areas of application of GIS methods in humanitarian emergencies include hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessments; rapid assessment and survey methods; disease distribution and outbreak investigations; planning and implementation of health information systems; data and programme integration; and programme monitoring and evaluation. The main use of GIS in these areas is to provide maps for decision-making and advocacy, which allow overlaying types of information that may not normally be linked GIS is also used to improve data collection in the field (for example, for rapid health assessments or mortality surveys). Development of GIS methods requires further research. Although GIS methods may save resources and reduce error, initial investment in equipment and capacity building may be substantial. Especially in humanitarian emergencies, equipment and methodologies must be practical and appropriate for field use. Add-on software to process GIS data needs to be developed and modified. As equipment becomes more user-friendly and costs decrease, GIS will become more of a routine tool for humanitarian aid organisations in humanitarian emergencies, and new and innovative uses will evolve. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kaiser, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mail Stop F-48,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 56 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2003 VL 27 IS 2 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00224 PG 14 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 688EV UT WOS:000183421300003 PM 12825436 ER PT J AU Waller, LA Smith, D Childs, JE Real, LA AF Waller, LA Smith, D Childs, JE Real, LA TI Monte Carlo assessments of goodness-of-fit for ecological simulation models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE model validation; model assessment; modeling efficiency; goodness-of-fit; simulation ID PEEL INLET; STATISTICAL VALIDATION; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; EUTROPHICATION; TESTS; UNCERTAINTIES; SCENARIO; RABIES; PAPER AB One often develops stochastic ecologic simulation models based on local interactions between individuals or groups and bases systemic conclusions on trends summarized over multiple data sets generated from the model. In many cases, such models generate data sets ("realizations") each violating the usual assumptions associated with traditional statistical tests of c,goodness-of-fit, most notably that of independent observations. Monte Carlo hypothesis tests applied to multiple realizations from such models provide appropriate goodness-of-fit tests regardless of within-model peculiarities. The Monte Carlo tests address the question "Do the observed data appear consistent with the model?" in contrast to the usual question "Does the model appear consistent with the observed data?". In addition, such tests can make use of the same data sets used to draw systemic inference (i.e. the tests require no additional simulation runs). We illustrate the concept using Pearson's chi-square statistic with correlated data. We also consider the behavior of a similar statistic and of "modeling efficiency" in assessing the fit of a simulation model for the spatial spread of raccoon rabies in Connecticut. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Waller, LA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; Smith, David/L-8850-2013 OI Smith, David/0000-0003-4367-3849 NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 164 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00011-5 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680DH UT WOS:000182960700004 ER PT J AU Blank, S Moskin, LC Zucker, JR AF Blank, S Moskin, LC Zucker, JR TI An ounce of prevention is a ton of work: Mass antibiotic prophylaxis for anthrax, New York City, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review AB Protocols for mass antibiotic prophylaxis against anthrax were under development in New York City beginning in early 1999. This groundwork allowed the city's Department of Health to rapidly respond in 2001 to six situations in which cases were identified or anthrax spores were found. The key aspects of planning and lessons learned from each of these mass prophylaxis operations are reviewed. Antibiotic distribution was facilitated by limiting medical histories to issues relevant to prescribing prophylactic antibiotic therapy, formatting medical records to facilitate rapid decision making, and separating each component activity into discrete work stations. Successful implementation of mass prophylaxis operations was characterized by clarity of mission and eligibility criteria, well-defined lines of authority and responsibilities, effective communication, collaboration among city agencies (including law enforcement), and coordination of staffing and supplies. This model can be adapted for future planning needs including possible attacks with other bioterrorism agents, such as smallpox. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur STD Control, 125 Worth St,Box 73,Room 207, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 615 EP 622 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900001 PM 12780998 ER PT J AU Whitney, EAS Beatty, ME Taylor, TH Weyant, R Sobel, J Arduino, MJ Ashford, DA AF Whitney, EAS Beatty, ME Taylor, TH Weyant, R Sobel, J Arduino, MJ Ashford, DA TI Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIOXIDE GAS STERILIZATION; SPORICIDAL PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SAFETY CABINETS; PERACETIC-ACID; DISINFECTION; VAPOR AB After the intentional release of Bacillus anthracis through the U.S. Postal Service in the fall of 2001, many environments were contaminated with B. anthracis spores, and frequent inquiries were made regarding the science of destroying these spores. We conducted a survey of the literature that had potential application to the inactivation of B. anthracis spores. This article provides a tabular summary of the results. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dba4@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 10 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 623 EP 627 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900002 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Bartlett, J Whitney, EAS Raghunathan, PL Stienstra, Y Asamoa, K Etuaful, S Klutse, E Quarshie, E van der Werf, TS van der Graaf, WTA King, CH Ashford, DA AF Guarner, J Bartlett, J Whitney, EAS Raghunathan, PL Stienstra, Y Asamoa, K Etuaful, S Klutse, E Quarshie, E van der Werf, TS van der Graaf, WTA King, CH Ashford, DA TI Histopathologic features of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BURULI ULCER; TOXIN AB Because of the emergence of Buruli ulcer disease, the World Health Organization launched a Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative in 1998. This indolent skin infection is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. During a study of risk factors for the disease in Ghana, adequate excisional skin-biopsy specimens were obtained from 124 clinically suspicious lesions. Buruli ulcer disease was diagnosed in 78 lesions since acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were found by histopathologic examination. Lesions with other diagnoses included filariasis (3 cases), zygomycosis (2 cases), ulcerative squamous cell carcinomas (2 cases), keratin cyst (1 case), and lymph node (1 case). Thirty-seven specimens that did not show AFB were considered suspected Buruli ulcer disease cases. Necrosis of subcutaneous tissues and dermal collagen were found more frequently in AFB-positive specimens compared with specimens from suspected case-patients (p<0.001). Defining histologic criteria for a diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease is of clinical and public health importance since it would allow earlier treatment, leading to less deforming sequelae. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Groningen Hosp, Groningen, Netherlands. Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. St Martins Catholic Hosp, Agroyesum, Ghana. Dunkwa Govt Hosp, Dunkwa, Ghana. Presbyterian Hosp, Agogo, Ghana. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Stienstra, Ymkje/F-2222-2010; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; van der Graaf, Winette/A-5006-2014 OI Stienstra, Ymkje/0000-0002-8844-8859; NR 21 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 651 EP 656 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900007 PM 12780997 ER PT J AU Lingappa, JR Al-Rabeah, AM Hajjeh, R Mustafa, T Fatani, A Al-Bassam, T Badukhan, A Turkistani, A Al-Hamdan, N Al-Jeffri, M Al Mazrou, Y Perkins, BA Popovic, T Mayer, LW Rosenstein, NE AF Lingappa, JR Al-Rabeah, AM Hajjeh, R Mustafa, T Fatani, A Al-Bassam, T Badukhan, A Turkistani, A Al-Hamdan, N Al-Jeffri, M Al Mazrou, Y Perkins, BA Popovic, T Mayer, LW Rosenstein, NE TI Serogroup W-135 meningococcal disease during the Hajj, 2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; ET-37 COMPLEX; SAUDI-ARABIA; OUTBREAK; AFRICA; ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAIN AB An outbreak of serogroup W-135 meningococcal disease occurred during the 2000 Hajj in Saudi Arabia. Disease was reported worldwide in Hajj pilgrims and their close contacts; however, most cases were identified in Saudi Arabia. Trends in Saudi meningococcal disease were evaluated and the epidemiology of Saudi cases from this outbreak described. Saudi national meningococcal disease incidence data for 1990 to 2000, were reviewed; cases from January 24 to June 5, 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. The 2000 Hajj outbreak consisted of distinct serogroup A and serogroup W-135 outbreaks. Of 253 identified cases in Saudi Arabia, 161 (64%) had serogroup identification; serogroups W-135 and A caused 93 (37%) and 60 (24%) cases with attack rates of 9 and 6 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. The 2000 Hajj outbreak was the first large serogroup W-135 meningococcal disease outbreak identified worldwide. Enhanced surveillance for serogroup W-135, especially in Africa, is essential to control this emerging epidemic disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Saudi Arabian Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Lingappa, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Mailstop A34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 665 EP 671 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900009 PM 12781005 ER PT J AU Griffith, KS Mead, P Armstrong, GL Painter, J Kelley, KA Hoffmaster, AR Mayo, D Barden, D Ridzon, R Parashar, U Teshale, EH Williams, J Noviello, S Perz, JF Mast, EE Swerdlow, DL Hadler, JL AF Griffith, KS Mead, P Armstrong, GL Painter, J Kelley, KA Hoffmaster, AR Mayo, D Barden, D Ridzon, R Parashar, U Teshale, EH Williams, J Noviello, S Perz, JF Mast, EE Swerdlow, DL Hadler, JL TI Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax in an elderly woman, Connecticut, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; UNITED-STATES AB On November 20, 2001, inhalational anthrax was confirmed in an elderly woman from rural Connecticut. To determine her exposure source, we conducted an extensive epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory investigation. Molecular subtyping showed that her isolate was indistinguishable from isolates associated with intentionally contaminated letters. No samples from her home or community yielded Bacillus anthracis, and she received no first-class letters from facilities known to have processed intentionally contaminated letters. Environmental sampling in the regional Connecticut postal facility yielded B. anthracis spores from 4 (31%) of 13 sorting machines. One extensively contaminated machine primarily processes bulk mail. A second machine that does final sorting of bulk mail for her zip code yielded B. anthracis on the column of bins for her carrier route. The evidence suggests she was exposed through a cross-contaminated bulk mail letter. Such cross-contamination of letters and postal facilities has implications for managing the response to future B. anthracis-contaminated mailings. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Div Infect Dis, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffith, KS (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Div Infect Dis, Program Epidemiol, 410 Capitol Ave,MS 11, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 681 EP 688 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900011 PM 12781007 ER PT J AU Holtz, TH Ackelsberg, J Kool, JL Rosselli, R Marfin, A Matte, T Beatrice, ST Heller, MB Hewett, D Moskin, LC Bunning, ML Layton, M AF Holtz, TH Ackelsberg, J Kool, JL Rosselli, R Marfin, A Matte, T Beatrice, ST Heller, MB Hewett, D Moskin, LC Bunning, ML Layton, M CA New York City Anthrax Investigatio TI Isolated case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax, New York City, 2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; WOMAN AB On October 31, 2001, in New York City, a 61-year-old female hospital employee who had acquired inhalational anthrax died after a 6-day illness. To determine sources of exposure and identify additional persons at risk, the New York City Department of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and law enforcement authorities conducted an extensive investigation, which included interviewing contacts, examining personal effects, summarizing patient's use of mass transit, conducting active case finding and surveillance near her residence and at her workplace, and collecting samples from co-workers and the environment. We cultured all specimens for Bacillus anthracis. We found no additional cases of cutaneous or inhalational anthrax. The route of exposure remains unknown. All environmental samples were negative for B. anthracis. This first case of inhalational anthrax during the 2001 outbreak with no apparent direct link to contaminated mail emphasizes the need for close coordination between public health and law enforcement agencies during bioterrorism-related investigations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. Bolling Air Force Base, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. RP Holtz, TH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 689 EP 696 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900012 PM 12781008 ER PT J AU Sejvar, J Bancroft, E Winthrop, K Bettinger, J Bajani, M Bragg, S Shutt, K Kaiser, R Marano, N Popovic, T Tappero, J Ashford, D Mascola, L Vugia, D Perkins, B Rosenstein, N AF Sejvar, J Bancroft, E Winthrop, K Bettinger, J Bajani, M Bragg, S Shutt, K Kaiser, R Marano, N Popovic, T Tappero, J Ashford, D Mascola, L Vugia, D Perkins, B Rosenstein, N CA Eco Challenge Investigation Team TI Leptospirosis in "Eco-Challenge" athletes, Malaysian Borneo, 2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; OUTBREAK; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; PARTICIPANTS; DIAGNOSIS; DENGUE AB Adventure travel is becoming more popular, increasing the likelihood of contact with unusual pathogens. We investigated an outbreak of leptospirosis in "Eco-Challenge" multisport race athletes to determine illness etiology and implement public health measures. Of 304 athletes, we contacted 189 (62%) from the United States and 26 other countries. Eighty (42%) athletes met our case definition. Twenty-nine (36%) case-patients were hospitalized; none died. Logistic regression showed swimming in the Segama River (relative risk [RR]=2.0; 95% confidence interval [Cl]=1.3 to 3.1) to be an independent risk factor. Twenty-six (68%) of 38 case-patients tested positive for leptospiral antibodies. Taking doxycycline before or during the race was protective (RR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2 to 1.2) for the 20 athletes who reported using it. Increased adventure travel may lead to more frequent exposure to leptospires, and preexposure chemoprophylaxis for leptospirosis (200 mg oral doxycycline/week) may decrease illness risk. Efforts are needed to inform adventure travel participants of unique infections such as leptospirosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Sejvar, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop A39,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 27 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 702 EP 707 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900014 PM 12781010 ER PT J AU DiGiovanni, C Reynolds, B Harwell, R Stonecipher, EB Burkle, FM AF DiGiovanni, C Reynolds, B Harwell, R Stonecipher, EB Burkle, FM TI Community reaction to bioterrorism: Prospective study of simulated outbreak SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION AB To assess community needs for public information during a bioterrorism-related crisis, we simulated an intentional Rift Valley fever outbreak in a community in the southern part of the United States. We videotaped a series of simulated print and television "news reports" over a fictional 9-day crisis period and invited various groups (e.g., first responders and their spouses or partners, journalists) within the selected community to view the videotape and respond to questions about their reactions. All responses were given anonymously. First-responders and their spouses or partners varied in their reactions about how the crisis affected family harmony and job performance. Local journalists exhibited considerable personal fear and confusion. All groups demanded, and put more trust in, information from local sources. These findings may have implications for risk communication during bioterrorism-related outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harwell Prod Inc, Shreveport, LA USA. Evets Management Serv Inc, Shreveport, LA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP DiGiovanni, C (reprint author), 11091 Saffold Way, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM cdig@july.dgsys.com NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 708 EP 712 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900015 PM 12781011 ER PT J AU Badilla, X Perez-Herra, V Quiros, L Morice, A Jimenez, E Saenz, E Salazar, F Fernandez, R Orciari, L Yager, P Whitfield, S Rupprecht, CE AF Badilla, X Perez-Herra, V Quiros, L Morice, A Jimenez, E Saenz, E Salazar, F Fernandez, R Orciari, L Yager, P Whitfield, S Rupprecht, CE TI Human rabies: A reemerging disease in Costa Rica? SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BAT LYSSAVIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES AB Two human rabies cases caused by a bat-associated virus variant were identified in September 2001 in Costa Rica, after a 31-year absence of the disease in humans. Both patients lived in a rural area where cattle had a high risk for bat bites, but neither person had a definitive history of being bitten by a rabid animal. Characterization of the rabies viruses from the patients showed that the reservoir was the hematophagous Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, and that a sick cat was the vector. C1 Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, Programa Anal & Vigilancia Epidemiol, San Jose, Costa Rica. Hosp Nacl Ninos Dr Carlos Saenz Herrera, San Jose, Costa Rica. Minist Agr & Ganaderia, San Jose, Costa Rica. Inst Costarricense Invest & Ensenanza Nutr & Salu, San Isidro De Perez Zele, Costa Rica. CCSS, Reg Brunca, Cartago, Costa Rica. Minist Salud Costa Rica, San Isidro De Perez Zele, Costa Rica. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Badilla, X (reprint author), Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, Programa Anal & Vigilancia Epidemiol, POB 466-2400, San Jose, Costa Rica. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 721 EP 723 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 685YJ UT WOS:000183291900018 PM 12781014 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Kyle, AD Schoendorf, KC AF Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD Kyle, AD Schoendorf, KC TI Disparities in exposure to air pollution during pregnancy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; birth outcomes; criteria air pollutants; environmental justice ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS; NORTH-AMERICAN CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; INDUSTRIAL SOURCES; INFANT-MORTALITY; ACID AEROSOLS; ASTHMA AB Previous research shows poorer birth outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and for persons with low socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated whether mothers in groups at higher risk for poor birth outcomes live in areas of higher air pollution and whether higher exposure to air pollution contributes to poor birth outcomes. An index representing long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants was matched with birth certificate data at the county level for the United States in 1998-1999. We used linear regression to estimate associations between the air pollution index and maternal race and educational attainment, a marker for SES of the mother, controlling for age, Parity, marital status, and region of the country. Then we used logistic regression models both to estimate likelihood of living in counties with the highest levels of air pollution for different racial groups and by educational attainment, adjusting for other maternal risk factors, and to estimate the effect of living in counties with higher levels of air pollution on preterm delivery and births small for gestational age (SGA). Hispanic, African-American, and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers experienced higher mean levels of air pollution and were more than twice as likely to live in the most polluted counties compared with white mothers after controlling for maternal risk factors, region, and educational status [Hispanic mothers: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.66; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.92-11.32; African-American mothers: AOR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.00-6.62; Asian/Pacific Islander mothers: AOR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.07-7.39]. Educational attainment was not associated with living in counties with highest levels of the air pollution index (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.40-2.26) after adjusting for maternal risk factors, region of the country, and race/ethnicity. There was a small increase in the odds of preterm delivery (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12) but not SGA (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1-07) in a county with high air pollution. Additional risk of residing in areas with poor air, quality may exacerbate health problems of infants and children already at increased risk for poor health. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Econ, 75 Hawthorne St,SPE-1, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 44 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 942 EP + DI 10.1289/ehp.5317 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689ND UT WOS:000183498900033 PM 12782496 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Warner, M Chee, WY Gerthoux, PM Samuels, S Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Eskenazi, B Mocarelli, P Warner, M Chee, WY Gerthoux, PM Samuels, S Needham, LL Patterson, DG TI Maternal serum dioxin levels and birth outcomes in Women of Seveso, Italy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE birth weight; dioxin; environmental exposures; epidemiology; small for gestational age; spontaneous abortion ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; BODY BURDEN; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; DIETARY-INTAKE; INFANTS BORN; SEX-RATIO AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, is associated with increased fetal loss and reduced birth weight in animal studies. In 1976, an explosion at a trichlorophenol plant near Seveso, Italy, resulted in the highest TCDD exposure known in human residential populations. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study, a retrospective cohort study of women who resided in the most contaminated areas, zones A and B. We examined the relation of pregnancy outcome in 510 women (888 total pregnancies) to maternal TCDD levels measured in serum collected shortly after the explosion. Ninety-seven pregnancies (10.9%) ended as spontaneous abortions (SABs). There was no association of log(10) TCDD with SAB [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-1.2], with birth weight (adjusted beta = -4 g; 95% CI, -68 to 60), or with births that were small for gestational age (SGA) (adjusted OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.8). However, associations with birth weight (adjusted beta = -92 g; 95% CI, -204 to 19) and with SGA (adjusted OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 0.6-2.9) were stronger for pregnancies within the first 8 years after exposure. TCDD was associated with a 1.0-1.3 day nonsignificant adjusted decrease in gestational age and a 20-50% nonsignificant increase in the odds of preterm delivery. It remains possible that the effects of TCDD on birth outcomes are yet to be observed, because the most heavily exposed women in Seveso were the youngest and the least likely to have yet had a pregnancy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milan Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Div Occupat Environm Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 FU FIC NIH HHS [F06 TW02075-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES07171, 2P30-ESO01896-17] NR 62 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 7 BP 947 EP 953 DI 10.1289/ehp.6080 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 689ND UT WOS:000183498900034 PM 12782497 ER PT J AU Kelada, SN Eaton, DL Wang, SS Rothman, NR Khoury, MJ AF Kelada, SN Eaton, DL Wang, SS Rothman, NR Khoury, MJ TI The role of genetic polymorphisms in environmental health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE disease susceptibility; environmental health; genetics; polymorphism ID S-TRANSFERASE M1; LUNG-CANCER RISK; ARYLAMINE-N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; ACID DEHYDRATASE GENOTYPE; VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; HYDROXYARYLAMINE-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT AB Interest is increasing in the role of variations in the human genome (polymorphisms) in modifying the effect of exposures to environmental health hazards (often referred to as gene-environment interaction), which render some individuals or groups in the population more or less likely to develop disease after exposure. This review is intended for an audience of environmental health practitioners and students and is designed to raise awareness about this rapidly growing field of research by presenting established and novel examples of gene-environment interaction that illustrate the major theme of effect modification. Current data gaps are identified and discussed to illustrate limitations of past research and the need for the application of more robust methods in future research projects. Two primary benefits of incorporating genetics into the existing environmental health research framework are illustrated: a) the ability to detect different levels of risk within the population, and b) greater understanding of etiologic mechanisms. Both offer opportunities for developing new methods of disease prevention. Finally, we describe a basic framework for researchers interested in pursuing health effects research that incorporates genetic polymorphisms. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Ecogenet & Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eaton, DL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deaton@u.washington.edu OI Kelada, Samir/0000-0003-2676-9232 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES07033]; PHS HHS [S1946-21/21, 5T3207032] NR 161 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1055 EP 1064 DI 10.1289/ehp.6065 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 700QG UT WOS:000184122200006 PM 12826477 ER PT J AU Bernstein, JA Bernstein, IL Bucchini, L Goldman, LR Hamilton, RG Lehrer, S Rubin, C Sampson, HA AF Bernstein, JA Bernstein, IL Bucchini, L Goldman, LR Hamilton, RG Lehrer, S Rubin, C Sampson, HA TI Clinical and laboratory investigation of allergy to genetically modified foods SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE allergens; Bacillus thuringiensis; crops; endotoxins; food hypersensitivity; genetic engineering; genetics; immunology; recombinant proteins; transgenic plants ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS; COWS MILK INTOLERANCE; EOSINOPHILIC GASTROENTERITIS; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; RESPIRATORY ALLERGY; INFANTS; PROTEIN; CHILDREN AB Technology has improved the food supply since the first cultivation of crops. Genetic engineering facilitates the transfer of genes among organisms. Generally, only minute amounts of a specific protein need to be expressed to obtain the desired trait. Food allergy affects only individuals with an abnormal immunologic response to food-6% of children and 1.5-2% of adults in the United States. Not all diseases caused by food allergy are mediated by IgE. A number of expert committees have advised the U.S. government and international organizations on risk assessment for allergenicity of food proteins. These committees have created decision trees largely based on assessment of IgE-mediated food allergenicity. Difficulties include the limited availability of allergen-specific IgE antisera from allergic persons as validated source material, the utility of specific IgE assays, limited characterization of food proteins, cross-reactivity between food and other allergens, and modifications of food proteins by processing. StarLink was a corn variety modified to produce a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin, Cry9C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated 51 reports of possible adverse reactions to corn that occurred after the announcement that StarLink, allowed for animal feed, was found in the human food supply. Allergic reactions were not confirmed, but tools for postmarket assessment were limited. Workers in agricultural and food preparation facilities have potential inhalation exposure to plant dusts and flours. In 1999, researchers found that migrant health workers can become sensitized to certain Bt spore extracts after exposure to Bt spraying. Thus, the potential for occupational and consumer risks needs to be assessed. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Tulane Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. RP Goldman, LR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 61 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 15 U2 77 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 8 BP 1114 EP 1121 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 700QG UT WOS:000184122200012 PM 12826483 ER PT J AU van Pelt, W de Wit, MAS Wannet, WJB Ligtvoet, EJJ Widdowson, MA van Duynhoven, YTHP AF van Pelt, W de Wit, MAS Wannet, WJB Ligtvoet, EJJ Widdowson, MA van Duynhoven, YTHP TI Laboratory surveillance of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens in The Netherlands, 1991-2001 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; GENERAL-PRACTICE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; DISEASE; CAMPYLOBACTER; COMMUNITY; BURDEN AB Results of the Dutch laboratory surveillance of bacterial gastroenteritis between 1991 and 2001 are presented and compared with recent findings in general practices and in the community. Between 1996 and 2000 the mean annual number of stools screened by sentinel laboratories was about 1000 samples/100000 inhabitants, which is 4% of the estimated annual incidence of gastroenteritis in the Dutch population. Campylobacter (36/100000 inhabitants) and salmonella (24/100000 inhabitants) were the main pathogens isolated. Since 1996, the incidence of laboratory confirmed salmonellosis decreased by 30%, predominantly among young children. The incidence of campylobacter was highest in urban areas and Salmonella Enteritidis emerged as the predominant serotype in urban areas. Between 1991 and 2001, multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 emerged to comprise up to 15% of all salmonella isolates in 2001. Reported rates of Shigella spp. and Yersinia spp. varied little, with average annual incidences of 3(.)2 and 1(.)2 cases/100000 inhabitants, respectively. Escherichia coli O157 (90% STEC) was scarcely found (0(.)26/100000). C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Diagnost Lab Infect Dis & Perinatal Screening, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Streeklab Volksgezondheid, Haarlem, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Pelt, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. NR 30 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 130 IS 3 BP 431 EP 441 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 696EV UT WOS:000183874400009 PM 12825727 ER PT J AU Kobau, R DiIorio, C AF Kobau, R DiIorio, C TI Epilepsy self-management: a comparison of self-efficacy and outcome expectancy for medication adherence and lifestyle behaviors among people with epilepsy SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; self-management; social cognitive theory; self-efficacy; outcome expectancy; medication adherence; lifestyle; behavior ID SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY; HEALTH PROMOTION; SEIZURES; ADULTS; CARE; PROGRAM; ASTHMA; LIFE AB The purpose of this study was to describe self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancies toward medication, seizure, and lifestyle management behaviors among 108 adults with epilepsy. Participants responded to an adapted version of the Epilepsy Self-Efficacy and Epilepsy Outcome Expectancy scales. Modifiable behavioral risk factors such as confidence for following medication dosing schedule, planning for medication refills, coping with adverse effects of medication, getting sufficient sleep, avoiding alcohol, and obtaining social support were identified. A larger proportion of persons reported higher self-efficacy for medication management behaviors than for healthful lifestyle behaviors. Findings from this study extend previous research on chronic disease that showed that individuals may be adherent with medication therapy, but not with healthful lifestyle behaviors necessary for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. Individuals with low self-efficacy would benefit from interventions that increase efficacy beliefs to enhance their ability to adopt and maintain good self-management practices. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Program Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kobau, R (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Program Epidemiol, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 56 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S1525-5050(03)00057-X PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 689PT UT WOS:000183502700003 PM 12791322 ER EF