FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Risher, JF AF Risher, JF TI Too much of a good thing (Fish): Methylmercury case study SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID METHYL MERCURY; 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; HUMAN-HAIR; EXPOSURE; CONSUMPTION; BLOOD; ELIMINATION; PERFORMANCE; SEYCHELLES; EXCRETION AB Methylmercury is an environmental toxicant that has been shown to cause neurologic damage in both children and adults if ingested in sufficiently high quantities. Poisoning outbreaks in Japan and Iraq have revealed serious effects on developing fetuses at levels far below those that produced clinical signs or symptoms in the mothers. Therefore, health guidance values for methylmercury, such as the chronic oral minimal risk level (MRL) of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, have been set by governmental agencies at levels that would protect fetuses. Since adults are less sensitive than fetuses, chronic intakes within an order of magnitude of the MRL generally have been considered to represent no health risk to otherwise healthy adults. The present report of suspected mercury intoxication 'in a 53-year-old female suggests that some individuals might be susceptible to adverse health impacts of methylinercury at intakes just 7 to 15 times the MRL. C1 Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol E29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Risher, JF (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol E29, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jzr8@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 836NC UT WOS:000222561500002 PM 15310052 ER PT J AU Lee, R Beatty, ME Bogard, AK Esko, MP Angulo, FJ Selman, C AF Lee, R Beatty, ME Bogard, AK Esko, MP Angulo, FJ Selman, C CA EHS-NET Working Grp TI Prevalence of high-risk egg-preparation practices in restaurants that prepare breakfast egg entrees An EHS-Net study SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; FOOD SAFETY; PHAGE TYPE-4; SHELL EGGS; CALIFORNIA AB Salmonella enterica serotype Enterifidis (SE) is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Foods prepared with raw shell eggs have often been associated with SE outbreaks. The federal government published the Egg Safety Action Plan in December 1999 that called for reduction of egg-preparation practices that may contribute to the survival and proliferation of SE. In seven states, an interview and brief site evaluation of 153 restaurants that prepare eggs during all hours of operation was conducted by the Environmental Health Specialists Network to determine the prevalence of such practices. Fifty-four percent (83 of 153) of restaurants pooled raw shell eggs not intended for immediate service. These pooled eggs were held a median of 4 h for scrambled eggs, 5.5 h for omelets, and 6 h for pancakes and French toast. Nearly 26% (39 of 152) of restaurants reported storing eggs at room temperature, and 5% (7 of 152) stored eggs on ice or in cold-water baths before cooking. Generally, eggs were cooked to 72 to 83degreesC, which is above the recommended final cook temperature of 63 to 68degreesC. Employees reported sanitizing utensils used to prepare eggs less than once every 4 It in 42% (57 of 136) of restaurants. Several areas were identified in which further emphasis might reduce egg-associated SE infections in accordance with Healthy People 2010 goals. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Foodborne Vectorborne & Zoonot Dis Unit, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Calif Eemrging Infect Program, Environm Hlth Specialists Network, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Lee, R (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RPL5@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1444 EP 1450 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 836MK UT WOS:000222559700018 PM 15270499 ER PT J AU Khuroo, MS Kamili, S Yattoo, GN AF Khuroo, MS Kamili, S Yattoo, GN TI Hepatitis E virus infection may be transmitted through blood transfusions in an endemic area SO JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood donors; hepatitis E virus; hepatitis E virus RNA; parenteral transmission; seroprevalence ID TRANSMISSION; VIREMIA; INDIA; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY AB Aim: To address the issue of whether or not hepatitis E virus (HEV) is transmitted parenterally. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study which involved 145 multiple transfused patients and 250 healthy controls. A prospective study was also undertaken involving 50 hospitalized patients, 25 of whom were transfused with 107 blood units, while the other 25 did not receive any transfusions. Results: In our retrospective study, markers of acute HEV infection (IgM anti-HEV and HEV RNA) were detected in a significantly higher number of multiple transfused patients (13 of 145) compared to controls (two of 250) (P < 0.001; OR = 12.21 [95% confidence interval: 2.71-54.70]). All 13 HEV-infected patients had been transfused at least once in a 3-month period before testing. Overall, patients positive for any of the HEV markers (IgG, IgM or HEV RNA) had received more blood transfusions, had higher occurrence of icteric disease and higher serum alanine aminotransferase levels. In our prospective study, IgG anti-HEV was detected in 11 of 107 donor samples, three of 25 patients in their pretransfusion samples (one sample was positive for IgM anti-HEV as well) and two of 25 control patients. Post-transfusion HEV infection developed in three of 22 susceptible (IgG anti-HEV negative) transfused patients; the infection was traced to their four respective donors who were asymptomatic, HEV RNA positive (4/4) and IgM anti-HEV positive (3/4). In contrast, none of the non-transfused patients developed HEV infection during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Frequent transmission of HEV by blood transfusion places recipients at risk and warrants redefining of the donor screening policy by blood banks, especially in endemic areas. (C) 2004 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. C1 King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Med MBC 46, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. RP Khuroo, MS (reprint author), King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Med MBC 46, POB 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. EM khuroo@yahoo.com OI Khuroo, Mohammad/0000-0003-2823-8814 NR 25 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-9319 J9 J GASTROEN HEPATOL JI J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 778 EP 784 DI 10.1111/j.1400-1746.2004.03437.x PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 829SR UT WOS:000222070500010 PM 15209625 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Gangarosa, P Hibbs, B Wilkins, C Ford, K Stuart, M Brown-Bryant, R AF Gust, DA Gangarosa, P Hibbs, B Wilkins, C Ford, K Stuart, M Brown-Bryant, R TI The national immunization information hotline SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB The National Immunization Information Hotline (NIIH) has been providing information regarding immunizations to the public and to health care professionals since March 1997. We describe the operations of the NIIH, its experience over the first two and a half years of operation and lessons learned for other immunization hotlines. From 1998-2000, the hotline answered 246,859 calls. Calls concerning immunization information requests totaled 175,367; data about the calls were collected from 35,102. Approximately a third of the 35,102 calls were from health care providers. Of the remaining calls from the public, the greatest number of calls concerned childhood immunizations. Immunization schedule queries from the public increased 323.0% from 1998 to 2000. While the major goal of the NIIH is to provide accurate and reliable information to the public and to health care providers, data from the hotline can be used to monitor changes over time in calls concerning inquires about the immunization schedule in addition to other variables of interest. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Immunizat Informat Hotline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgg6@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1080/10810730490468739 PG 9 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 846IS UT WOS:000223309800007 PM 15371088 ER PT J AU Wang, W Owen, SM Rudolph, DL Cole, AM Hong, T Waring, AJ Lal, RB Lehrer, RI AF Wang, W Owen, SM Rudolph, DL Cole, AM Hong, T Waring, AJ Lal, RB Lehrer, RI TI Activity of alpha- and theta-defensins against primary isolates of HIV-1 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; HUMAN ALPHA-DEFENSIN-1; ADENOVIRAL INFECTION; DIRECT INACTIVATION; CELL-INTERACTIONS; BINDING; GP120; RETROCYCLIN; LEUKOCYTES AB theta-Defensins are lectin-like, cyclic octadecapeptides found in the leukocytes of nonhuman primates. They are also homologues of the more familiar alpha-defensins expressed by humans and certain other mammals. This study compares the ability of six theta-defensins (hominid retrocyclins 1-3 and rhesus theta-defensins 1-3) and four human a-defensins (human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-4) to bind gp120 and CD4. In addition, we compared the ability of these theta-defensins and HNP-1 to protect J53-BL cells (an indicator cell line) from primary HIV-1 isolates that varied in subtype and coreceptor usage. The most potent theta-defensin, retrocyclin-2, bound with exceptionally high affinity to gp120 (K-D, 9.4 nM) and CD4 (K-D, 6.87 nM), and its effectiveness against subtype B isolates (IC50, 1.05 +/- 0.28 mug/ml; 520 +/- 139 nM) was approximately twice as great as that of HNP-1 on a molar basis. We also show, for the first time, that human a-defensins, HNPs 1-3, are lectins that bind with relatively high affinity to gp120 (K-D range, 15.8-52.8 nM) and CD4 (K-D range, 8.0-34.9 nM). Proteins found in human and FBS bound exogenous HNP-2 and retrocyclin-1, and competed with their ability to bind gp120. However, even the low concentrations of a-defensins found in normal human serum suffice to bind over half of the gp120 spikes on HIV-1 and a higher percentage of cell surface CD4 molecules. Although this report principally concerns the relationship between carbohydrate-binding and the antiviral properties of alpha- and theta-defensins, the lectin-like behavior of defensins may contribute to many other activities of these multifunctional peptides. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Sci 37 062, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lehrer, RI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Sci 37 062, Dept Med, 10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rlehrer@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22839, AI 37945, AI 52017] NR 44 TC 129 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 173 IS 1 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 831CQ UT WOS:000222170900065 PM 15210812 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Cramer, EH Hadley, L Bresee, JS Beard, RS Bulens, SN Charles, M Chege, W Isakbaeva, E Wright, JG Mintz, E Forney, D Massey, J Glass, RI Monroe, SS AF Widdowson, MA Cramer, EH Hadley, L Bresee, JS Beard, RS Bulens, SN Charles, M Chege, W Isakbaeva, E Wright, JG Mintz, E Forney, D Massey, J Glass, RI Monroe, SS TI Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis on cruise ships and on land: Identification of a predominant circulating strain of Norovirus - United States, 2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; AIRCRAFT-CARRIER; INFECTION; ABOARD; INACTIVATION; DISEASE; ASSAYS; CALICIVIRUSES AB In 2002, a sharp increase in outbreaks of norovirus-associated illness, both on cruise ships and on land, encouraged us to examine the molecular epidemiology of detected noroviruses, to identify a common strain or source. Of 14 laboratory-confirmed outbreaks on cruise ships, 12 (86%) were attributed to caliciviruses; among these 12, outbreak characteristics included continuation on successive cruises in 6 (50%), multiple modes of transmission in 7 (58%), and high (>10%) attack rates in 7 (58%). Eleven of the 12 calicivirus outbreaks were attributed to noroviruses, 7 (64%) of which were attributed to a previously unreported lineage, provisionally named "the Farmington Hills strain." From May 2002 to December 2002, 10 (45%) of 22 land-based outbreaks also were attributed to this strain. Nucleotide-sequence analysis provided insights into norovirus transmission, by documenting links among outbreaks, the introduction of strains onto ships, and viral persistence on board (despite cleaning). Control measures for outbreaks should address all routes of transmission. Better outbreak surveillance and collection of data on sequences will help to monitor norovirus strains and to identify common sources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Mol Biol Sect, Lansing, MI USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zux5@cdc.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 40 TC 179 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1086/420888 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 828VV UT WOS:000222002700004 PM 15195240 ER PT J AU Burkot, TR Sykes, CM Dolan, MC Schriefer, M AF Burkot, TR Sykes, CM Dolan, MC Schriefer, M TI A technique for longitudinally sampling individual adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; outer surface protein A; spirochetes; Ixodes scapularis ID OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; DAMMINI; TICKS; TRANSMISSION; GROWTH; OSPA AB The first technique for repeatedly sampling individual Ixodes scapularis adult ticks was developed and validated. Gut samples from the same individual ticks were removed and analyzed at weekly intervals. Multiple analyses were conducted on each gut sample (e.g., total protein concentration, presence of viable B. burgdorferi spirochetes, and concentration of outer surface protein A [OspA]). Female I. scapularis survived for up to 25 d after gut sampling. Seventy-five percent of females oviposited after the sampling procedure, with 14% of ticks laying >1,500 eggs. No significant differences in either fecundity or length of survival were found between B. burgdorferi-infected and uninfected L scapularis. This technique will enable longitudinal studies on both tick-pathogen interactions and physiological studies that have hitherto not been attempted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Burkot, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM TBurkot@cdc.gov RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 800 EP 802 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.4.800 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 841AN UT WOS:000222901800038 PM 15311478 ER PT J AU de Paula, VS Lu, L Niel, C Gaspar, AMC Robertson, BH AF de Paula, VS Lu, L Niel, C Gaspar, AMC Robertson, BH TI Genetic analysis of hepatitis A virus isolates from Brazil SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute hepatitis; nucleotide sequencing; subgenotype IA; subgenotype IB; VP1/2A junction ID RIO-DE-JANEIRO; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBGENOTYPES IA; CO-CIRCULATION; LATIN-AMERICA; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; STRAINS; RELATEDNESS; IB AB A limited number of hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolates from South America have been characterised at the genomic level. IgM anti-HAV positive serum samples collected from patients with hepatitis A living in the five geographical regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central, South, and Southeast) were used to obtain HAV isolates and determine their genetic relatedness. Of the 232 case isolates, sequence data were obtained from the VP1/2A junction region of the HAV genome. All isolates were classified in genotype 1; 231 belonged to subgenotype IA, and one to subgenotype IB. HAV isolates from four States formed distinct clusters of highly related sequences. However, isolates from other states did not cluster and the sequences from those states were intermingled with sequences found in the other states. The amino acid sequences of all but two isolates showed a Leu --> Ile substitution at position 42 in the 2A protein. This substitution appeared to be a characteristic geographic fingerprint of HAV sequences within Brazil. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Fiocruz MS, Oswaldo Cruz Inst, Dept Virol, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Ref Viral Hepatitis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Niel, C (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Oswaldo Cruz Inst, Dept Virol, Ave Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM niel@ioc.fiocruz.br RI Niel, Christian/G-3712-2013 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 73 IS 3 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1002/jmv.20101 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 824HQ UT WOS:000221677700008 PM 15170631 ER PT J AU Beamer, BR Topmiller, JL Crouch, KG AF Beamer, BR Topmiller, JL Crouch, KG TI Development of evaluation procedures for local exhaust ventilation for United States postal service mail-processing equipment SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE anthrax; bioterrorism; effectiveness testing; local exhaust ventilation (LEV); smoke release; tracer gas (TG) AB Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have conducted several evaluations of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems for the United States Postal Service (LISPS) since autumn 2001 when (a) terrorist(s) employed the mail system for acts of bioterrorism. As a part of the LISPS 2002 Emergency Preparedness Plan, the development and installation of LEV onto LISPS mail-processing equipment can reduce future exposures to operators from potentially hazardous contaminants, such as anthrax, which might be emitted during the processing of mail. This article describes how NIOSH field testing led to the development of recommended testing procedures for evaluations of LEV capture efficiency for mail-processing equipment, including tracer gas measurements, smoke release observations, air velocity measurements, and decay-rate testing under access hoods. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Beamer, BR (reprint author), 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-5, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bbeamer@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 1 IS 7 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1080/15459620490458486 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 833XX UT WOS:000222376100004 PM 15238311 ER PT J AU Kardous, CA Willson, RD AF Kardous, CA Willson, RD TI Limitations of using dosimeters in impulse noise environments SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE damage risk criteria; dosimeters; gunfire; impulse noise AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigated the capabilities of noise dosimeters to measure personal exposure to impulse noise. The two leading types of commercially available dosimeters were evaluated in terms of their ability to measure and integrate impulses generated from gunfire during live fire exercises at a law enforcement indoor firing range. Sound measurements were conducted throughout the firing range using dosimeters, sound level meters, and a measurement configuration that consisted of a quarter-inch microphone and a digital audiotape recorder to capture the impulse waveforms. Personal dosimetry was conducted on eight shooters, an observer, and the range master Peak levels from gunfire reached 163 decibels (dB), exceeding the nominal input limit of the dosimeters. The dosimeters "clipped" the impulses by acting as if the gunfire had a maximum level of 146 dB. In other cases, however, peak levels (e.g., 108 dB) were below the dosimeter input limits, but the dosimeters still showed a peak level of 146 dB. Although NIOSH recommends that sound levels from 80 to 140 dB (Aweighted) be integrated in the calculation of dose and the time-weighted average, our present data suggest this criterion may be inadequate. These results showed that some instruments are incapable of providing accurate measures of impulse sounds because of their electroacoustic limitations. C1 NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Beta Associates, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Kardous, CA (reprint author), NIOSH, Hearing Loss Prevent Sect, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,C27, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ckardous@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 1 IS 7 BP 456 EP 462 DI 10.1080/154596204904665839 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 833XX UT WOS:000222376100009 PM 15238316 ER PT J AU Silver, SR Daniels, RD Taulbee, TD Zaebst, DD Kinnes, GM Couch, JR Kubale, TL Yiin, JH Schubauer-Berigan, MK Chen, PH AF Silver, SR Daniels, RD Taulbee, TD Zaebst, DD Kinnes, GM Couch, JR Kubale, TL Yiin, JH Schubauer-Berigan, MK Chen, PH TI Differences in mortality by radiation monitoring status in an expanded cohort of Portsmouth Naval Shipyard workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MANUFACTURING PLANTS; NUCLEAR SHIPYARD; TERM WORKERS; CANCER; LEUKEMIA; EXPOSURE AB Studies of leukemia and lung cancer mortality at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS) have yielded conflicting results. In an expanded cohort of PATS workers employed between 1952 and 1992 and followed through 1996, the all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.96). Employment duration SMRs were elevated with confidence intervals excluding 1.00 for lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and all cancers combined. Leukemia mortality was as expected overall, but standardized rate ratio analyses showed a significant positive linear trend with increasing external radiation dose. The role of solvent exposures could not be evaluated. Findings differed by radiation monitoring subcohort, with excess asbestosis deaths limited to radiation workers and several smoking-related causes of death higher among nonmonitored workers. At PNS, asbestos exposure and possibly smoking could be nonrandomly distributed with respect to radiation exposure, suggesting Potential for confounding in internal analyses of an occupational cohort. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Silver, SR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM zre4@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 7 BP 677 EP 690 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000128154.79025.2a PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 837XI UT WOS:000222674300010 PM 15247807 ER PT J AU Li, RW Hsia, J Fridinger, F Hussain, A Benton-Davis, S Grummer-Strawn, L AF Li, RW Hsia, J Fridinger, F Hussain, A Benton-Davis, S Grummer-Strawn, L TI Public beliefs about breastfeeding policies in various settings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT MOTHERS; ATTITUDES; WOMEN AB To understand the public beliefs about breastfeeding policies in various settings and to examine the associations of these beliefs with sociodemographic characteristics, we analyze the data from the 2001 Healthstyles survey, which is an annual national mail survey to US adults. We found that establishing workplace breastfeeding policies and lactation rooms in public places are the most acceptable breastfeeding policies surveyed, especially among African Americans and low-income populations. The overall population appears to approve of breastfeeding in public, but less-educated or older people (aged 45 years) are less likely to do so. In general, there is relatively less public support for breastfeeding education in high schools. The results indicate that many Americans, especially African Americans and those with low household income, believe that women who breastfeed need extra support both at work and in public places. A variety of policy strategies would be appropriate to create a favorable environment for breastfeeding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Southside Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RIL6@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 104 IS 7 BP 1162 EP 1168 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.04.028 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DB UT WOS:000222315500031 PM 15215778 ER PT J AU Elliott, JH O'Brien, D Leder, K Kitchener, S Schwartz, E Weld, L Brown, G Kain, KC Torresi, J AF Elliott, JH O'Brien, D Leder, K Kitchener, S Schwartz, E Weld, L Brown, G Kain, KC Torresi, J CA GeoSentinel Surveillance Network TI Imported Plasmodium vivax malaria: Demographic and clinical features in nonimmune travelers SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DELAYED-ONSET; PRIMAQUINE; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; AUSTRALIA; SOMALIA; FEVER AB Background: Imported malaria is an important problem in nonendemic countries due to increasing travel to and immigration from malaria-endemic countries. Plasmodium vivax malaria is relatively common in travelers but there are few published data regarding the outcome of P. vivax malaria in this group. Methods: We analyzed 209 cases of P vivax malaria that were reported to the GeoSentinel network and the VIDS database, Royal Melbourne Hospital. Analyses were performed on data including demographics, pretravel encounter, antimalarial prophylaxis, exposure history, type of travel, countries of recent and past travel, clinical presentation, treatment, outcome and final diagnoses. Results: The majority of patients were travelers (61%), followed by expatriates (13%) and recent immigrants or foreign visitors (12%). Recent travel to Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and South and Central America was significantly more likely to be associated with P. vivax malaria than travel to all other regions. The clinical presentation of P. vivax malaria acquired in the Pacific region is indistinguishable from infection with P. falciparum. The use of chloroquine prophylaxis did not prolong the incubation period. Relapse of infection was not infrequent, and the only significant predictor of relapse was travel to Papua New Guinea (PNG), regardless of primaquine dose. Travelers returning from PNG were eight times more likely to relapse after primaquine treatment compared to travelers with P. vivax malaria acquired elsewhere. Conclusions: We have presented details of the epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of infection with P. vivax malaria in travelers. P. vivax malaria is an important cause of morbidity in travelers, and relapse following primaquine treatment is especially problematic with P. vivax malaria acquired in PNG. C1 Royal Melbourne Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Royal Melbourne Hosp, Ctr Clin Res Excellence, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Toronto Gen Hosp, Ctr Travel & Trop Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. McLaughlin Ctr Mol Med, Global Hlth Program, Toronto, ON, Canada. Geelong Hosp, Geelong, Vic, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Army Malaria Inst, Clin Field Stn, Gallipoli Barracks, Qld, Australia. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Ctr Geog Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Torresi, J (reprint author), Royal Melbourne Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Grattan St, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. RI Kitchener, Scott/M-1885-2013; OI Kitchener, Scott/0000-0002-2656-7588; Leder, Karin/0000-0003-1368-1039 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU412347] NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 11 IS 4 BP 213 EP 219 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 840CP UT WOS:000222834900004 PM 15541223 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG MacInnes, H Bennett, D Weinstock, H Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, JG MacInnes, H Bennett, D Weinstock, H Heneine, W TI Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carrying the D67N or K219Q/E mutation evolves rapidly to zidovudine resistance in vitro and shows a high replicative fitness in the presence of zidovudine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; PRIMARY INFECTION; HIV-1 VARIANTS; TRANSMISSION; THERAPY; INHIBITORS; PROTEASE; PATIENT AB Drug-naive patients infected with drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) who initiate antiretroviral therapy show a shorter time to virologic failure than patients infected with wild-type (WT) viruses. Resistance-related HIV genotypes not commonly seen in treated patients, which likely result from reversion or loss of primary resistance mutations, have also been recognized in drug-naive persons. Little work has been done to characterize the patterns of mutations in these viruses and the frequency of occurrence, their association with phenotypic resistance, and their effect on fitness and evolution of resistance. Through the analysis of resistance mutations in 1082 newly diagnosed antiretroviral-naive persons from the United States, we found that 35 of 48 (72.9%) persons infected with HIV-1 containing thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) had viruses that lacked a primary mutation (T215Y/F, K70R, or Q151M). Of these viruses, 9 (25.7%) had only secondary TAMs (D67N, K219Q, M41L, or F77L), and all were found to be sensitive to zidovudine (AZT) and other drugs. To assess the impact of secondary TAMs on the evolution of AZT resistance, we generated recombinant viruses from cloned plasma-derived reverse transcriptase sequences. Two viruses had D67N, three had D67N and K219Q/E, and three were WT. Four site-directed mutants with D67N, K219Q, K219E, and D67N/K219Q were also made in HIV-1(HXB2). In vitro selection of AZT resistance showed that viruses with D67N and/or K219Q/E acquired AZT resistance mutations more rapidly than WT viruses (36 days compared to 54 days; P = 0.003). To investigate the factors associated with the rapid selection of AZT mutations in these viruses, we evaluated fitness differences among HXB2(WT) and HXB2(D67N) or HXB2(D67N/K219Q) in the presence of AZT. Both HXB2(D67N/K219Q) and HXB2D67N were more fit than HXB2(WT) in the presence of either low or high AZT concentrations, likely reflecting low-level resistance to AZT that is not detectable by phenotypic testing. In the absence of AZT, the fitness cost conferred by D67N or K219Q was modest. Our results demonstrate that viruses with unique patterns of TAMs, including D67N and/or K219Q/E, are commonly found among newly diagnosed persons and illustrate the expanding diversity of revertant viruses in this population. The modest fitness cost conferred by D67N and K219Q supports persistence of these mutants in the untreated population and highlights the potential for secondary transmission. The faster evolution of these mutants toward AZT resistance is consistent with the higher viral fitness in the presence of AZT and shows that these viruses are phenotypically different from WT HIV-1. Our study emphasizes the need for clinical studies to better define the impact of these mutants on treatment responses and evolution of resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GGarcia-lerma@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 14 BP 7545 EP 7552 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7545-7552.2004 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 834JK UT WOS:000222407200028 PM 15220429 ER PT J AU Hoshino, Y Jones, RW Ross, J Honma, S Santos, N Gentsch, JR Kapikian, AZ AF Hoshino, Y Jones, RW Ross, J Honma, S Santos, N Gentsch, JR Kapikian, AZ TI Rotavirus serotype G9 strains belonging to VP7 gene phylogenetic sequence lineage 1 may be more suitable for serotype G9 vaccine candidates than those belonging to lineage 2 or 3 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; REASSORTANT ROTAVIRUSES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HIGH-FREQUENCY; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; JAPAN; NEUTRALIZATION; PROTEINS AB A safe and effective group A rotavirus vaccine that could prevent severe diarrhea or ameliorate its symptoms in infants and young children is urgently needed in both developing and developed countries. Rotavirus VP7 serotypes G1, G2, G3, and G4 have been well established to be of epidemiologic importance worldwide. Recently, serotype G9 has emerged as the fifth globally common type of rotavirus of clinical importance. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene of various G9 isolates has demonstrated the existence of at least three phylogenetic lineages. The goal of our study was to determine the relationship of the phylogenetic lineages to the neutralization specificity of various G9 strains. We generated eight single VP7 gene substitution reassortants, each of which bore a single VP7 gene encoding G9 specificity of one of the eight G9 strains (two lineage 1, one lineage 2 and five lineage 3 strains) and the remaining 10 genes of bovine rotavirus strain UK, and two hyperimmune guinea pig antisera to each reassortant, and we then analyzed VP7 neutralization characteristics of the eight G9 strains as well as an additional G9 strain belonging to lineage 1; the nine strains were isolated in five countries. Antisera to lineage 1 viruses neutralized lineage 2 and 3 strains to at least within eightfold of the homotypic lineage viruses. Antisera to lineage 2 virus neutralized lineage 3 viruses to at least twofold of the homotypic lineage 2 virus; however, neutralization of lineage 1 viruses was fourfold (F45 and AU32) to 16- to 64-fold (WI61) less efficient. Antisera to lineage 3 viruses neutralized the lineage 2 strain 16- to 64-fold less efficiently, the lineage 1 strains F45 and AU32 8- to 128-fold less efficiently, and WI61 (prototype G9 strain) 128- to 1,024-fold less efficiently than the homotypic lineage 3 viruses. These findings may have important implications for the development of G9 rotavirus vaccine candidates, as the strain with the broadest reactivity (i.e., a prime strain) would certainly be the ideal strain for inclusion in a vaccine. C1 NIAID, Epidemiol Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hoshino, Y (reprint author), NIAID, Epidemiol Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM THOSHINO@niaid.nih.gov RI Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015 OI Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172 NR 53 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 14 BP 7795 EP 7802 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7795-7802.2004 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 834JK UT WOS:000222407200052 PM 15220453 ER PT J AU Shankar, V Bowen, RA Davis, AD Rupprecht, CE O'Shea, TJ AF Shankar, V Bowen, RA Davis, AD Rupprecht, CE O'Shea, TJ TI Rabies in a captive colony of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE big brown bats; Eptesicus fuscus; rabies; rabies virus; virus neutralizing antibodies ID UNITED-STATES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE AB Our research has focused on the ecology of commensal populations of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), in relation to rabies virus (RV) transmission. We captured 35 big brown bats (Eptesicus-fuscus) in late summer 2001 and held them captive for 4.8 mo. The bats were initially placed in an indoor cage for 1 mo then segregated into groups of two to six per cage. Two of the bats succumbed to rabies virus (RV) within the first month of capture. Despite group housing, all of the remaining bats were healthy over the course of the investigation; none developed rabies, although one of the rabid bats was observed to bite her cage mates. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Taqman(R) real-time PCR analysis of the RNA derived from the brain tissue, salivary glands, and oral swab samples confirmed RV infection in the dead bats. Rabies virus was also isolated from the brain tissue upon passage in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the RV nucleoprotein (N) gene showed 100% identity with the N gene sequence of a 1985 E. fuscus isolate from El Paso County, Colorado. Bat sera obtained six times throughout the study were assayed for RV neutralizing antibodies using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. The RV neutralizing activity in the serum was associated with the IgG component, which was purified by binding to protein G Sepharose. Five bats were RV seropositive prior to their capture and maintained titers throughout captivity. Two adult bats seroconverted during captivity. Two volant juvenile bats had detectable RV antibody titers at the first serum collection but were negative thereafter. Four seronegative bats responded to a RV vaccine administration with high titers of RV antibodies. A serologic survey of big brown bats in the roost from which one of the captive rabid bats had originated showed a significant rise in seroprevalence during 2002. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Shankar, V (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM vbs2@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 403 EP 413 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 856IA UT WOS:000224037700004 PM 15465706 ER PT J AU Asamoa, K Rodriguez, M Gines, V Varela, R Dominguez, K Mills, CG Sotomayor, G Beck-Sague, CM AF Asamoa, K Rodriguez, M Gines, V Varela, R Dominguez, K Mills, CG Sotomayor, G Beck-Sague, CM TI Use of preventive health services by Hispanic/Latino women in two urban communities: Atlanta, Georgia and Miami, Florida, 2000 and 2001 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; INSURANCE; BREAST; CARE AB Purpose: During the 1990s, a 58% increase in the Hispanic/Latino population, fueled by the century's largest immigration wave and the highest fertility of any group, resulted in Hispanics becoming the largest U.S. minority group. To assess use of preventive services by Hispanics in Atlanta, Georgia, the largest Hispanic new destination, and Miami, Florida, the largest established Hispanic community in the Southeast, survey data were analyzed. Methods: Miami-Ft. Lauderdale and Atlanta metropolitan area data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and from anonymous surveys conducted at health festivals in Miami and Atlanta in 2001 were analyzed. Results: Female non-Hispanic white and black NHIS respondents were more likely than Hispanic counterparts to report annual household income >$20,000 (77.3%, 70.8% vs. 67.7%), usual source of healthcare (61.5%, 56.4% vs. 50.2%), or ever having had Pap screening (88.8%, 86.7% vs. 80.7%) or oral contraceptive use (55.7%, 59.7% vs. 33.7%). Miami-Ft. Lauderdale Hispanics were less likely than Atlanta respondents to be monolingual Spanish speakers, to lack usual source of healthcare, or to have less than 12 years of education. Of 295 female health festival respondents, the 160 Miami participants were more likely than Atlanta participants to have health insurance, monthly income >$1000, and prior Pap screening (p<0.01) but less likely to have used contraception (p=0.07). Most Hispanics felt they had inadequate healthcare; 15.0% reported being denied healthcare because of inability to pay. Conclusions: Low income, uninsured status, and language barriers were associated with lower use of preventive services among Hispanics in these Southeastern communities, particularly Atlanta, a new destination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Dia de la Mujer Latina Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Northlake Obstet & Gynecol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beck-Sague, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM shp5@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.654 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 849BV UT WOS:000223513700001 PM 15333279 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Feldman, C Schuchat, A Janoff, EN AF Feikin, DR Feldman, C Schuchat, A Janoff, EN TI Global strategies to prevent bacterial pneumonia in adults with HIV disease SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX AB We examined the peer-reviewed literature on the burden of bacterial pneumonia and the effectiveness of interventions for its prevention among HIV-infected adults in developed and developing countries. Bacterial pneumonia rates were up to 25-fold higher among HIV-infected adults than in the general community, with rates increasing as CD4+ T-cell count decreases. In developed countries, cohort studies showed that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had the most consistent effect on reducing pneumonia. In a prospective cohort and case-control studies from these regions, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine reduced pneumococcal disease in certain subgroups, particularly those with higher CD4+ T cells/muL. In patients with fewer than 200 CD4+ T cells/muL, antimicrobial prophylaxis was usually effective in reducing pneumonia. In sub-Saharan Africa, randomised controlled trials concluded that co-trimoxazole prophylaxis decreased rates of bacterial pneumonia, but pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine prevented neither pneumonia nor invasive pneumococcal disease. Although not yet fully evaluated in Africa, based on experience in industrialised nations, use of HAART in Africa may have substantial potential to prevent bacterial pneumonia. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect 111F,Mucosal & Vaccine Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Janoff, EN (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect 111F,Mucosal & Vaccine Res Ctr, 1 Vet Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. EM janof001@umn.edu NR 127 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 4 IS 7 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01060-6 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 835HH UT WOS:000222472800020 PM 15219555 ER PT J AU Monteiro, FA Donnelly, MJ Beard, CB Costa, J AF Monteiro, FA Donnelly, MJ Beard, CB Costa, J TI Nested clade and phylogeographic analyses of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma brasiliensis in Northeast Brazil SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Triatoma brasiliensis; cytochrome b; phylogeography; mtDNA; speciation; Chagas disease ID PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; POPULATION HISTORY; REDUVIIDAE; HAPLOTYPES; HEMIPTERA; PROGRAM; NEIVA AB Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) is the most important Chagas disease vector in the semiarid areas of Northeast Brazil. We analyzed mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation among 136 individuals representing 16 populations from across the species' distribution. Neighbor-joining and parsimony tree-building methods were used in conjunction with nested clade analysis to describe the systematics and phylogeography of this species. Our results indicate that T brasiliensis is composed of four genetically distinct chromatic forms (referred to as brasiliensis, macromelasoma, juazeiro, and melanica) that present inter-population divergence values (0.027-0.119, corrected K2-p) and a pattern of haplotype geographic distribution compatible with the existence of a species complex. As a consequence, such forms can be treated as isolated targets in vector control programs. We were unable to infer what is shaping the population structure of the brasiliensis form as we obtained mutually exclusive causes of structure, namely a barrier to gene flow caused by past population fragmentation, and isolation by distance between populations (which would permit gene flow). We found indication of mitochondrial DNA introgression occurring among forms in putative hybrid zones. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Dept Entomol, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Med Trop, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Vector Res Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Costa, J (reprint author), Inst Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Dept Entomol, Av Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM jcosta@ioc.fiocruz.br RI Costa, Jane /K-6997-2012 NR 36 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.12.011 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 832TZ UT WOS:000222291400005 PM 15186796 ER PT J AU Poeggeler, B AF Poeggeler, B TI Indocompounds SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Alzheimers Assoc C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM bpoegge@gwdg.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 SU 2 BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(04)80102-7 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843EK UT WOS:000223058700103 ER PT J AU Wilson, RS Scherr, PA Hoganson, G Bienias, JL Evans, DA Bennett, DA AF Wilson, RS Scherr, PA Hoganson, G Bienias, JL Evans, DA Bennett, DA TI Early life socioeconomic level and incidence of Alzheimer's disease SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Alzheimers Assoc C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM rwilson@rush.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 SU 2 BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(04)80103-9 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843EK UT WOS:000223058700104 ER PT J AU Coyle, CM Weiss, LM Rhodes, LV Cali, A Takvorian, PM Brown, DF Visvesvara, GS Xiao, LH Naktin, J Young, E Gareca, M Colasante, G Wittner, M AF Coyle, CM Weiss, LM Rhodes, LV Cali, A Takvorian, PM Brown, DF Visvesvara, GS Xiao, LH Naktin, J Young, E Gareca, M Colasante, G Wittner, M TI Brief report - Fatal myositis due to the microsporidian Brachiola algerae, a mosquito pathogen SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI INFECTION; NOSEMA-ALGERAE; TRACHIPLEISTOPHORA-HOMINIS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT; IN-VITRO; PHYLUM MICROSPORA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INFLIXIMAB; PATIENT; AIDS C1 Jacobi Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Lehigh Valley Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Allentown, PA USA. Lehigh Valley Hosp, Dept Pathol, Allentown, PA USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Coyle, CM (reprint author), Jacobi Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pelham Pkwy & Eastchester Rd S,Rm 3N7, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM coyle@aecom.yu.edu RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31788, R01 AI031788, R01 AI031788-14] NR 34 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa032655 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 833QC UT WOS:000222352200008 PM 15229306 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Ogden, CL Carroll, MD AF Flegal, KM Ogden, CL Carroll, MD TI Prevalence and trends in overweight in Mexican-American adults and children SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Mexican Americans; overweight; obesity; adults; children; United States ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; BODY-WEIGHT; US ADULTS; OBESITY; PREVENTION AB Overweight and obesity have been increasing in many countries. Our objective is to describe the trends in overweight and obesity occurring in the Mexican-American population in the United States. Data on measured height and weight for Mexican Americans come from the following surveys: the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982-84), the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-94), and NHANES 1999-2002. In 1999-2002, 73% of Mexican-American adults were overweight and 33% were obese. Obesity increased between NHANES III and NHANES 1999-2002, from 24% to 27% for men and from 35% to 38% for women. Increases were also seen for children and adolescents. The Mexican-American population in the United States, both children and adults, is showing trends in overweight and obesity over time that are similar to those seen in other segments of the U.S. population and indeed in many countries. Key words: Mexican Americans, overweight, obesity, adults, children, United States (c) 2004 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 22 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 62 IS 7 SU S BP S144 EP S148 DI 10.1301/nr.2004.jul.S144-S148 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 906AE UT WOS:000227612100013 PM 15387481 ER PT J AU Corso, P Grosse, S Finkelstein, E AF Corso, P Grosse, S Finkelstein, E TI The skinny on COI analysis SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Corso, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM pcorso@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1189 EP 1189 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.148 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 844KY UT WOS:000223158300019 PM 15292484 ER PT J AU Whiteman, MK Hillis, SD Curtis, KM McDonald, JA Wingo, PA Marchbanks, PA AF Whiteman, MK Hillis, SD Curtis, KM McDonald, JA Wingo, PA Marchbanks, PA TI Reproductive history and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FULL-TERM PREGNANCY; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; YOUNG-WOMEN; RISK; AGE; SURVIVAL; PARITY; TIME AB OBJECTIVE: To assess whether reproductive factors are associated with mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS: We followed up 4,299 U.S. women enrolled between 1980 and 1982 at ages 20-54 years as incident breast cancer cases in a population-based, case-control study, the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. Vital status through 1997 for these cases was obtained by linking Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study data to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results files. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for death associated with selected reproductive factors using proportional hazards models. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 14.5 years, 1,847 deaths occurred. Women aged 20-45 years whose last birth occurred 12 months or less (age-adjusted HR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.10-2.37) and 13-48 months before breast cancer diagnosis (age-adjusted HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.75) were at an increased risk for death compared with nulliparous women. After adjusting for additional factors including tumor stage, women whose last birth occurred 12 months or less before diagnosis remained at an increased risk for death (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.02-2.23). Fifteen-year survival was 38%, 51%, and 60% among women aged 20-45 years whose last birth was 12 months or less, 13-48 months, and more than 48 months before diagnosis, respectively, compared with 65% among nulliparous women. Mortality risk was not associated with age at first birth, parity, or breast-feeding duration among women aged 20-45 years or among women aged 46-54 years. CONCLUSION: A recent birth may be an adverse prognostic indicator among women diagnosed with breast cancer at ages 20-45 years. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Whiteman, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acq5@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y01-HD-8-1037] NR 26 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 104 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000128173.01611.ff PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875IV UT WOS:000225414600023 PM 15229014 ER PT J AU Loomis, D Richardson, DB Bena, JF Bailer, AJ AF Loomis, D Richardson, DB Bena, JF Bailer, AJ TI Deindustrialisation and the long term decline in fatal occupational injuries SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; POISSON REGRESSION; DEATH CERTIFICATE; INDUSTRY DATA; RATES; UNEMPLOYMENT; HEALTH; TRENDS; MORTALITY AB Aims: To examine the extent to which deindustrialisation accounts for long term trends in occupational injury risk in the United States. Methods: Rates of fatal unintentional occupational injury were computed using data from death certificates and the population census. Trends were estimated using Poisson regression. Standardisation and regression methods were used to adjust for the potential effect of structural change in the labour market. Results: The fatal occupational injury rate for all industries declined 45% from 1980 to 1996 (RR ( rate ratio) 0.55, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.57). Adjustment for structural changes in the workforce shifted the RR to 0.62 ( 95% CI 0.60 to 0.65). Expanding industries enjoyed more rapid reduction in risk (-3.43% per year, 95% CI -3.62 to -3.24) than those that contracted (-2.65% per year, 95% CI -2.88 to -2.42). Conclusions: Deindustrialisation contributed to the decline of fatal occupational injury rates in the United States, but explained only 10 - 15% of the total change. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Loomis, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB-7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM Dana.Loomis@unc.edu FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01-OH03910] NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 7 BP 616 EP 621 DI 10.1136/oem.2003.009571 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 830QC UT WOS:000222136700008 PM 15208378 ER PT J AU Sung, LL Schwartz, B Abramson, J Greenberg, DP Edwards, K Feusner, J Allen, U Ritchey, AK AF Sung, LL Schwartz, B Abramson, J Greenberg, DP Edwards, K Feusner, J Allen, U Ritchey, AK TI Commentary - Smallpox vaccination recommendations for contacts of pediatric cancer patients SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material ID VACCINIA; COMPLICATIONS C1 Hosp Sick Children, Div Hematol Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA USA. Hosp Sick Children, Div Infect Dis, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP Sung, LL (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Div Hematol Oncol, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. EM lillian.sung@sickkids.ca NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1545-5009 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD JUL PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 4 EP 7 DI 10.1002/pbc.20035 PG 4 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 827HY UT WOS:000221891500002 PM 15170883 ER PT J AU Lukacs, SL Schoendorf, KC Schuchat, A AF Lukacs, SL Schoendorf, KC Schuchat, A TI Trends in sepsis-related neonatal mortality in the United States, 1985-1998 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE neonatal mortality; sepsis; group B streptococcus; prophylaxis; United States data ID B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; EARLY-ONSET SEPSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GBS INFECTION; PREVENTION; AMPICILLIN; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CONSEQUENCES; ANTIBIOTICS; EXPERIENCE AB Background: In the United States, bacterial sepsis affects up to 32,000 live births annually. In the 1990s, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) was recommended to prevent maternal-infant transmission of group B Streptococcus (GBS), a leading cause of sepsis occurring in the first week of life (early onset sepsis). Since IAP has been used, early onset GBS disease declined 70%; however, increased antibiotic use associated with IAP might lead to more severe or antimicrobial resistant etiologies of sepsis. To understand the influence of IAP on neonatal sepsis, in general, we evaluated neonatal mortality from sepsis before and after IAP recommendations were issued. Methods: Using the National Center for Health Statistics Linked Birth/Infant Death Datasets, we compared trends in sepsis-related early neonatal mortality (<7 days) and late neonatal mortality (7-27 days) among singleton United States births from 1985 through 1991 to 1995 through 1998 [data beyond 1998 not included because of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10/ICD-9 coding differences]. We compared trends in mortality between the 2 time periods by estimating the average annual percent change in mortality using log linear regression and stratified by gestational age. Results: Combined early and late neonatal mortality from sepsis averaged 39.6/100,000 live births from 1985 through 1991 and 31.8/100,000 live births from 1995 through 1998. Early neonatal mortality from sepsis averaged 24.9/100,000 live births from 1985 through 1991 and 15.6 from 1995 through 1998; late neonatal mortality averaged 14.8/100,000 live births from 1985 through 1991 and 16.2 from 1995 through 1998. Early neonatal mortality declined more steeply after IAP recommendations were issued, 5.0% annually from 1995 through 1998 versus 3.0% annually from 1985 through 1991. Late neonatal mortality increased more from 1995 through 1998, 5.0% annually compared with 0.5% from 1985 through 1991. Conclusions: Lower mortality rates and greater declines in early neonatal mortality from sepsis during 1995-1998 indicate greater survival of infants beyond 7 days of life and suggest an association with GBS disease prevention efforts. Thus these findings provide some evidence for continuing IAP for GBS-colonized women. Our findings of apparent increasing trends in late neonatal mortality from sepsis necessitate follow-up with clinical studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schoendorf, KC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6208, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM slukacs@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000131633.74921.90 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 840FG UT WOS:000222842000001 PM 15247595 ER PT J AU Buckingham, SC McDougal, LK Cathey, LD Comeaux, K Craig, AS Fridkin, SK Tenover, FC AF Buckingham, SC McDougal, LK Cathey, LD Comeaux, K Craig, AS Fridkin, SK Tenover, FC TI Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a Memphis, Tennessee children's hospital SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcus aurells; drug resistance; clindamycin; electrophoresis; gel; pulsed field ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; CLINDAMYCIN TREATMENT; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS; INFECTIONS; MACROLIDES; BACTEREMIA; PNEUMONIA; CASSETTE; INCREASE AB Background: An epidemiologic investigation was performed because of a perceived increase in infections caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among children in the greater Memphis area. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 289 children evaluated from January 2000 to June 2002 at a children's hospital. Clinical criteria were applied to classify MRSA isolates as community-associated (n = 151) or health care-associated (n = 138). The relatedness of 33 archived S. aureus isolates was evaluated using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Sma1-digested genomic DNA; a common pulsed field type was defined as greater than or equal to80% similarity based on Dice coefficients. PFGE profiles were compared with those in a national database of MRSA isolates. Results: During the first 18 study months, 46 of 122 MRSA isolates (38%) were community-associated; this proportion increased to 106 of 167 isolates (63%) during the last 12 study months (P < 0.0001). Community-associated isolates were recovered from normally sterile sites as frequently as were health care-associated isolates (16% versus 13%). PFGE revealed that 15 of 16 community-associated isolates shared a common pulsed field type (USA300) observed in community-associated MRSA infections elsewhere in the United States and characterized by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV, clindamycin susceptibility and erythromycin resistance mediated by an msrA-encoded macrolide efflux pump. Conclusions: Community-associated MRSA has emerged as a potentially invasive pathogen among children in the greater Memphis area, and this phenomenon is not explained by spread of nosocomial strains into the community. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Lebonheur Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Infect Control, Memphis, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Buckingham, SC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. NR 39 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000131981.67342.c4 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 840FG UT WOS:000222842000005 PM 15247599 ER PT J AU Petersen, KM Bulkow, LR McMahon, BJ Zanis, C Getty, M Peters, H Parkinson, AJ AF Petersen, KM Bulkow, LR McMahon, BJ Zanis, C Getty, M Peters, H Parkinson, AJ TI Duration of hepatitis B immunity in low risk children receiving hepatitis B vaccinations from birth SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccine; protection duration; booster dose; low risk population ID PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; YUPIK ESKIMO POPULATION; PLASMA-DERIVED VACCINE; 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; DNA YEAST VACCINE; ANTI-HBS; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; BOOSTER; PERSISTENCE AB Background: The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination of infants is unknown. Methods: We determined antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) at 4-13 years of age in 363 low risk children who had been vaccinated starting at birth with hepatitis B vaccine. Those with nonprotective titers (<10 mIU/mL) received a booster dose. We similarly followed 16 children of hepatitis B surface antigen (HB-sAg)-positive mothers. Results: Of low risk infants receiving a plasma-derived vaccine, 41% (42 of 102) of those whose primary response was unknown and 24% (4 of 17) who had initially responded retained protective titers (greater than or equal to10 mIU/mL) of anti-HBs at 9 and 13 years, respectively. Of those who did not have protective antibody titers, 61% (33 of 54) and 67% (8 of 12), respectively, responded to a booster dose. In children of HBsAg-positive mothers, 31% retained protective anti-HBs at 12 years, and 90% (9 of 10) with nonprotective titers responded to a booster. In low risk children initially receiving a recombinant vaccine, 12.5% (26 of 208) and none (0 of 36) retained protective anti-HBs titers at 5 and 7 years of age, respectively. Of those who did not have protective titers, 90% (120 of 134) and 91% (32 of 35), respectively, responded to a booster. Conclusions: Anti-HBs disappeared by 5 years of age in most children who were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine from birth. Although most children showed immunologic memory, one-third failed to demonstrate an anamnestic response to a booster dose. Additional long term studies of low risk infants are needed to determine duration of protection and the necessity for or timing of booster doses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Viral Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Bulkow, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lrb2@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 650 EP 655 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000130952.96259.fd PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 840FG UT WOS:000222842000010 PM 15247604 ER PT J AU Eriksen, EM Perlman, JA Miller, A Marcy, SM Lee, H Vadheim, C Zangwill, KM Chen, RT DeStefano, F Lewis, E Black, S Shinefield, H Ward, JI AF Eriksen, EM Perlman, JA Miller, A Marcy, SM Lee, H Vadheim, C Zangwill, KM Chen, RT DeStefano, F Lewis, E Black, S Shinefield, H Ward, JI TI Lack of association between hepatitis B birth immunization and neonatal death SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE vaccine; hepatitis B; neonatal mortality ID EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM; SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH; VACCINE SAFETY; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN AB Background: There have been no population-based studies of the potential association between neonatal death and newborn immunization with hepatitis B vaccine (HBV). Methods: As part of the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, we defined a birth cohort at Southern and Northern California Kaiser Permanente Health Plans of more than 350,000 live births from 1993 to 1998 and ascertained all deaths occurring under 29 days of age. We compared the proportions of deaths among birth HBV-vaccinated and unvaccinated newborns and reviewed the causes and circumstances of their deaths. We performed detailed clinical reviews of all HBV-vaccinated neonates who died and a sample of unvaccinated neonates who died and who were matched to vaccinated deaths for days of life, sex, birth year and site of care. To avoid confounding, we categorized the causes of death as either "expected" or "unexpected" and performed a stratified analysis to compare mortality with immunization status. Results: There were 1363 neonatal deaths during the study period. Whereas 67% of the entire birth cohort received HBV at birth, only 72 (5%) of the neonates who died were HBV-vaccinated at birth (P < 0.01). We found no significant difference in the proportion of HBV-vaccinated (31%) and unvaccinated (35%) neonates dying of unexpected causes (P = 0.6). Further we could not identify a plausible causal or temporal relationship between HBV administration and death for the 22 vaccinated neonates who died unexpectedly. Conclusions: A relationship between HBV and neonatal death was not identified. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles Cty Harbor Med Ctr, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. So Calif Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Dept Pediat, Panorama City, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. RP Eriksen, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles Cty Harbor Med Ctr, Ctr Vaccine Res, Liu Res Bldg,1124 W Carson St, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 7 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000130953.08946.d0 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 840FG UT WOS:000222842000011 PM 15247605 ER PT J AU Romieu, I Mannino, DM Redd, SC McGeehin, MA AF Romieu, I Mannino, DM Redd, SC McGeehin, MA TI Dietary intake, physical activity, body mass index, and childhood asthma in the third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III) SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE childhood asthma; wheezing; body mass index; vitamin C ID ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA; UNITED-STATES; LUNG-FUNCTION; CHILDREN; OBESITY; RISK; POPULATION; WEIGHT; ASSOCIATION; CONSUMPTION AB Childhood asthma may be affected by dietary changes and increased body mass related to a sedentary lifestyle, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. To test this hypothesis, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III) from 19881994, including 7,904 children. We analyzed cross-sectional information on body mass index (BMI = weight/height), physical activity (hr/day viewing television), dietary intake (24-hr recall), and vitamin C intake (60 mg/day). The probability of self-reported asthma or wheezing relating to risk. factors was calculated by logistic regression. After controlling for dietary intake, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, asthma risk was three times higher for children aged 6-16 years in the highest percentiles of BMI (>95th percentile) when compared to children in percentiles 25-49 (OR = 3.44; 95% CI, 1.49-7.96). No increase was observed in children aged 2-5 years. Low vitamin C intake was marginally related to self-reported current wheezing in children aged 6-16 years. Our results show that increased BMI may influence asthma prevalence in children, but further investigation is needed. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Romieu, I (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Col Sta Ma Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. EM iromieu@correo.insp.mx OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 49 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1002/ppul.20042 PG 12 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 834ET UT WOS:000222395100004 PM 15170871 ER PT J AU Dietrich, KN Ware, JH Salganik, M Radcliffe, J Rogan, WJ Rhoads, GG Fay, ME Davoli, CT Denckla, MB Bornschein, RL Schwarz, D Dockery, DW Adubato, S Jones, RL AF Dietrich, KN Ware, JH Salganik, M Radcliffe, J Rogan, WJ Rhoads, GG Fay, ME Davoli, CT Denckla, MB Bornschein, RL Schwarz, D Dockery, DW Adubato, S Jones, RL CA Treatment Lead-Exposed Children Cl TI Effect of chelation therapy on the neuropsychological and behavioral development of lead-exposed children after school entry SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE child; lead; environmental exposure; chelation therapy; succimer; cognition; clinical trials ID SUCCIMER CHELATION; BRAIN LEAD; EFFICACY; PREVENTION; TODDLERS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Objective. Some children in the United States continue to be exposed to levels of lead that increase their risk for lowered intellectual functioning and behavior problems. It is unclear whether chelation therapy can prevent or reverse the neurodevelopmental sequelae of lead toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine whether chelation therapy with succimer ( dimercaptosuccinic acid) in children with referral blood lead levels between 20 and 44 mug/dL (0.96-2.12 mumol/L) at 12 to 33 months of age has neurodevelopmental benefits at age 7 years. Methods. The Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children (TLC) study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that was conducted between September 1994 and June 2003 in Philadelphia, PA; Newark, NJ; Cincinnati, OH; and Baltimore, MD. Of 1854 referred children who were between the ages of 12 to 33 months and screened for eligibility, 780 were randomized to the active drug and placebo groups stratified by clinical center, body surface area, blood lead level, and language spoken at home. At 7 years of age, 647 subjects remained in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive oral succimer or placebo. Up to 3 26-day courses of succimer or placebo therapy were administered depending on response to treatment in those who were given active drug. Eighty-nine percent had finished treatment by 6 months, with all children finishing by 13 months after randomization. All participants received residential lead hazard control measures before treatment. TLC subjects also received a daily multivitamin supplement before and after treatment(s) with succimer or placebo. Scores on standardized neuropsychological measures that tap cognition, behavior, learning and memory, attention, and neuromotor skills were measured. Results. Chelation therapy with succimer lowered average blood lead levels for similar to 6 months but resulted in no benefit in cognitive, behavioral, and neuromotor endpoints. Conclusion. These new follow-up data confirm our previous finding that the TLC regimen of chelation therapy is not associated with neurodevelopmental benefits in children with blood lead levels between 20 and 44 mug/dL (0.96 - 2.17 mumol/L). These results emphasize the importance of taking environmental measures to prevent exposure to lead. Chelation therapy with succimer cannot be recommended for children with blood lead levels between 20 and 44 mug/dL ( 0.96 - 2.12 mumol/L). C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Adolescent Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nutr Biochem Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dietrich, KN (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM kim.dietrich@uc.edu RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 NR 39 TC 99 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 114 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1542/peds.114.1.19 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 834VO UT WOS:000222439200025 PM 15231903 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Chu, SY Barker, LE AF Smith, PJ Chu, SY Barker, LE TI Children who have received no vaccines: Who are they and where do they live? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE exemptor; undervaccinated; unvaccinated ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; MEASLES; LAWS; ASSOCIATION; EXEMPTIONS; COVERAGE; RISK; POLIOMYELITIS; NETHERLANDS AB Context. Each year 2.1 million children 19 to 35 months of age are undervaccinated. Among these are children who have received no vaccinations. Unvaccinated children are at increased risk of acquiring and transmitting vaccine-preventable diseases. Objectives. To assess whether the characteristics of children with no vaccinations differ from those of undervaccinated children, to monitor trends in the numbers of unvaccinated children, and to identify states with high rates and counties with large numbers of unvaccinated children. Design. A nationally representative probability sample of children 19 to 35 months of age was collected annually between 1995 and 2001. Vaccination histories were ascertained from children's medical providers. Undervaccinated children had received greater than or equal to1 dose of diphtheriatetanus-pertussis, polio, measles, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, or varicella vaccine but were not fully vaccinated. Unvaccinated children were children who were reported as having no medical providers and having received no vaccinations or children whose medical providers reported administering no vaccinations. Participants. A total of 151 720 children sampled between 1995 and 2001, 795 of whom were unvaccinated. Results. Undervaccinated children tended to be black, to have a younger mother who was not married and did not have a college degree, to live in a household near the poverty level, and to live in a central city. Unvaccinated children tended to be white, to have a mother who was married and had a college degree, to live in a household with an annual income exceeding $75 000, and to have parents who expressed concerns regarding the safety of vaccines and indicated that medical doctors have little influence over vaccination decisions for their children. Unvaccinated children were more likely to be male than female. Annually, similar to17 000 children were unvaccinated. The largest numbers of unvaccinated children lived in counties in California, Illinois, New York, Washington, Pennsylvania, Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Utah, and Michigan. States that allowed philosophical exemptions to laws mandating vaccinations for children as they entered school had significantly higher estimated rates of unvaccinated children. Conclusions. Unvaccinated children have characteristics that are distinctly different from those of undervaccinated children. Unvaccinated children are clustered geographically, increasing the risk of transmitting vaccine-preventable diseases to both unvaccinated and undervaccinated children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM psmith3@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 175 Z9 177 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 114 IS 1 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1542/peds.114.1.187 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 834VO UT WOS:000222439200049 PM 15231927 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Strine, TW Maurice, E Smith, P Yusuf, H Wilkinson, M Battaglia, M Wright, R Schwartz, B AF Gust, DA Strine, TW Maurice, E Smith, P Yusuf, H Wilkinson, M Battaglia, M Wright, R Schwartz, B TI Underimmunization among children: Effects of vaccine safety concerns on immunization status SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE underimmunization; attitudes; beliefs; behaviors ID ASSOCIATION; ATTITUDES; BARRIERS; MEASLES; BELIEFS; RISK AB Objective. To examine the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of parents whose children were underimmunized with respect to greater than or equal to 2 vaccines that have recently received negative attention, compared with parents whose children were fully immunized with respect to the recommended vaccines. Design. Case-control study. Setting. A sample of households that participated in the National Immunization Survey were recontacted in 2001. Main Outcome Measure. Vaccination status was assessed. Case subjects were underimmunized with respect to greater than or equal to 2 of 3 vaccines (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, or measles-containing vaccines), and control subjects were fully immunized. Results. The response rate was 52.1% ( 2315 of 4440 subjects). Compared with control households, case households were more likely to make $0 to $30 000 ( adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5 - 4.6) than at least $ 75 000, to have greater than or equal to2 providers ( OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3 - 3.1) than 1, and to have greater than or equal to4 children (OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.5 - 6.3) than 1 child. With control for demographic and medical care factors, case subjects were more likely than control subjects to not want a new infant to receive all shots (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 1.5 - 9.8), to score vaccines as unsafe or somewhat safe (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2 3.4), and to ask the doctor or nurse not to give the child a vaccine for reasons other than illness ( OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2 - 6.1). Among case subjects, 14.8% of underimmunization was attributable to parental attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Conclusions. Attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors indicative of vaccine safety concerns contribute substantially to underimmunization in the United States. Although concerns were significantly more common among parents of underimmunized children, many parents of fully immunized children demonstrated similar attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, suggesting a risk to the currently high vaccination levels. Efforts to maintain and improve immunization coverage need to target those with attitudes/ beliefs/behaviors indicative of vaccine safety concerns, as well as those with socioeconomic and health care access problems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgg6@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 114 IS 1 BP E16 EP E22 DI 10.1542/peds.114.1.e16 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 834VO UT WOS:000222439200003 ER PT J AU Weinberg, M Hopkins, J Farrington, L Gresham, L Ginsberg, M Bell, BP AF Weinberg, M Hopkins, J Farrington, L Gresham, L Ginsberg, M Bell, BP TI Hepatitis A in Hispanic children who live along the United States-Mexico border: The role of international travel and food-borne exposures SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A virus; hepatitis; infectious diseases; Mexican Americans; Hispanic Americans; migrants; pediatrics ID VACCINATION STRATEGIES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; SALIVA; RISK AB Objectives. Hispanic children who live along the United States - Mexico border historically have had among the highest hepatitis A rates in the United States, but risk factors have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine risk factors associated with acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in Hispanic children who live along the United States Mexico border in San Diego County, California. Methods. In this case-control study, hepatitis A cases among Hispanic children who were younger than 18 years reported from June 1998 through August 2000 were matched by age group and exposure period to Hispanic children who were susceptible to HAV infection. Participants and their families were interviewed about demographic information and potential sources of HAV infection, including attending child care, food and waterborne exposures, cross-border and other international travel, and travel-related activities. Results. Participants included 132 children with hepatitis A and 354 control subjects. The median age of study participants was 7 years ( range: 1 - 17). Sixty-seven percent of case-patients traveled outside the United States during the incubation period, compared with 25% of the children without hepatitis A ( odds ratio [ OR]: 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0 - 9.7); all children, except 1, had traveled to Mexico. In multivariate analysis, hepatitis A was associated with having eaten food from a taco stand or street food vendor ( adjusted OR: 17.0; 95% CI: 4.1 - 71.1) and having eaten salad/lettuce ( adjusted OR: 5.2; 95% CI: 1.3 - 20.1) during travel. Conclusions. Hepatitis A among Hispanic children who live in an urban area of the United States - Mexico border is associated with cross-border travel to Mexico and food-borne exposures during travel. Travelers to areas where hepatitis A is endemic should receive hepatitis A vaccine before travel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Div Community Epidemiol, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weinberg, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpw5@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 114 IS 1 BP E68 EP E73 DI 10.1542/peds.114.1.e68 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 834VO UT WOS:000222439200010 PM 15231975 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Van Den Eeden, SK Tolsma, DD Rardin, K Thompson, T Sinclair, AH Madlon-Kay, DJ Nadel, M AF Hall, HI Van Den Eeden, SK Tolsma, DD Rardin, K Thompson, T Sinclair, AH Madlon-Kay, DJ Nadel, M TI Testing for prostate and colorectal cancer: comparison of self-report and medical record audit SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE screening; prostate cancer; colorectal cancer; medical audit; prostate-specific antigen; occult blood; sigmoidoscopy; colonoscopy; endoscopy ID ANTIGEN; MAMMOGRAPHY; AGREEMENT; ACCURACY; VALIDITY; WOMEN; MEN AB Background. Self-reported data are often used to determine cancer screening test utilization, but self-report may be inaccurate. Methods. We interviewed members of three health maintenance organizations and reviewed their medical records for information on digital rectal exam (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy (response rate 65%). We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, concordance, and kappa statistic to compare the two sources for black men (n = 363), white and other men (n = 847), and women (n = 920) by study location. Results. For DRE, FOBT, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy, testing rates determined by self-report were higher than those in medical records. Kappa statistics showed fair to good agreement (0.40-0.80) for PSA, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy among most subgroups. For DRE and FOBT, the agreement was poor except among participants from one HMO. Sensitivity was greater than or equal to80% for sigmoidoscopy among most subgroups, and greater than or equal to85% for endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy), >75% for DRE, and greater than or equal to63% for PSA among all subgroups. Specificity exceeded 80% for FOBT and colonoscopy among all subgroups. Agreement was lower among older age groups. For all tests, agreement was poor between the reasons for testing. Conclusion. Overreporting for some cancer tests should be considered when using self-reported data to evaluate progress towards reaching national goals for prevention behaviors. Published by The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA 30326 USA. HealthPartners, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov OI Tolsma, Dennis/0000-0002-0685-0618 NR 31 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.024 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 834FR UT WOS:000222397500004 PM 15207983 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Greenlund, KJ Brown, DW Mokdad, A Balluz, L AF Strine, TW Greenlund, KJ Brown, DW Mokdad, A Balluz, L TI Characteristic of people aged 45 years or older with heart disease by frequent mental distress status, 2001 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; mental health; health behavior ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; CARDIAC-REHABILITATION; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; CORONARY AB Background. Depression commonly occurs after nonfatal cardiac events and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Methods. In 2001, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of non-institutionalized adults, administered cardiovascular health questions to 19 states and DC. Among those aged greater than or equal to45 years, we examined the association of frequent mental distress (FMD) (greater than or equal to14 self-reported mentally unhealthy days in the past 30 days) with modifiable adverse behaviors (smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity) and health care coverage. Results. The prevalence of FMD among adults with heart disease was 14.8%. Age-adjusted odds ratios indicated that adults with heart disease and FMD were more likely to smoke, to be physically inactive, to be obese, and to be without health care coverage than persons without FMD. Although frequent mental distress was associated with only one adverse health behavior (physical inactivity) after fully adjusting when these health behaviors were considered separately, we observed a twofold increased likelihood for the presence of multiple adverse health behaviors among those with FMD as compared to those without FMD. Conclusions. Medical counseling on lifestyle changes after cardiac events is accepted as a key part of rehabilitation; however, the mental well-being of patients may also need to be monitored, as it may be a mediating factor in achieving healthy lifestyle goals. (C) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.022 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 834FR UT WOS:000222397500023 PM 15208002 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Jonas, BS Looker, AC AF Mussolino, ME Jonas, BS Looker, AC TI Depression and bone mineral density in young adults: Results from NHANES III SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; depression; dysthymia; representative sample; young adults ID MAJOR DEPRESSION; PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; MENTAL ILLNESS; RESPONSE BIAS; WOMEN; OSTEOPOROSIS; METABOLISM; COMMUNITY; FRACTURE AB Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional population-based study was to assess the association of major depressive episode (MDE) and dysthymia with bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults. Methods: Data are from a nationally representative sample of 5,171 people aged 20 to 39 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Total proximal femoral BMD was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. MDE and dysthymia were measured using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Results: MDE was associated with lower BMD in multivariate models in men (mean BMD = 1.038 vs. 1.068 g/cm(2); odds ratio (OR) per 1 SD decline in BMD = 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-2.52; p = 0.02) but not in women (mean BMD = 0.982 vs. 0.979 g/cm(2); OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.71-1.30; p = .79). The same divergence by gender was seen for dysthymia. Conclusion: The relationship between BMD and MDE or dysthymia in young adults varies by gender. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mussolino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6431, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM MMussolino@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1097/01.psy.0000132873.50734.7d PG 5 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 840KX UT WOS:000222858600011 PM 15272099 ER PT J AU Rooney, RM Cramer, EH Mantha, S Nichols, G Bartram, JK Farber, JM Benembarek, PK AF Rooney, RM Cramer, EH Mantha, S Nichols, G Bartram, JK Farber, JM Benembarek, PK TI A review of outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with passenger ships: Evidence for risk management SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Review ID CRUISE SHIPS; NORWALK VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS ABOARD; GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; AIRCRAFT-CARRIER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAIN; SEA AB Objective. Foodborne disease outbreaks on ships are of concern because of their potentially serious health consequences for passengers and crew and high costs to the industry. The authors conducted a review of outbreaks of foodborne diseases associated with passenger ships in the framework of a World Health Organization project on setting guidelines for ship sanitation. Methods. The authors reviewed data on 50 outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with passenger ships. For each outbreak, data on pathogens/toxins, type of ship, factors contributing to outbreaks, mortality and morbidity, and food vehicles were collected. Results. The findings of this review show that the majority of reported outbreaks were associated with cruise ships and that almost 10,000 people were affected. Salmonella spp were most frequently associated with outbreaks. Foodborne outbreaks due to enterotoxigenic E. coli spp, Shigella spp, noroviruses (formally called Norwalk-like viruses), Vibrio spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Cyclospora sp, and Trichinella sp also occurred on ships. Factors associated with the outbreaks reviewed include inadequate temperature control, infected food handlers, contaminated raw ingredients, cross-contamination, inadequate heat treatment, and onshore excursions. Seafood was the most common food vehicle implicated in outbreaks. Conclusions. Many ship-associated outbreaks could have been prevented if measures had been taken to ensure adequate temperature control, avoidance of cross-contamination, reliable food sources, adequate heat treatment, and exclusion of infected food handlers from work. C1 WHO, Water Sanitat & Hlth Programme, Dept Protect Human Environm, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Lab Secur, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, Food Safety Programme, London, England. RP Rooney, RM (reprint author), WHO, Water Sanitat & Hlth Programme, Dept Protect Human Environm, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM rooneyr@who.int OI Bartram, Jamie/0000-0002-6542-6315 NR 37 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 119 IS 4 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.05.007 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860BB UT WOS:000224311100008 PM 15219800 ER PT J AU Rooney, RM Bartram, JK Cramer, EH Mantha, S Nichols, G Suraj, R Todd, ECD AF Rooney, RM Bartram, JK Cramer, EH Mantha, S Nichols, G Suraj, R Todd, ECD TI A review of outbreaks of waterborne disease associated with ships: Evidence for risk management SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Review ID PASSENGER CRUISE SHIP; NORWALK VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS; ABOARD; SEA; TRAVELERS; DIARRHEA AB Objective. The organization of water supply to and on ships differs considerably from that of water supply on land. Risks of contamination can arise from source water at the port or during loading, storage, or distribution on the ship. The purpose of this article is to review documented outbreaks of waterborne diseases associated with passenger, cargo, fishing, and naval ships to identify contributing factors so that similar outbreaks can be prevented in the future. Methods. The authors reviewed 21 reported outbreaks of waterborne diseases associated with ships. For each outbreak, data on pathogens/toxins, type of ship, factors contributing to outbreaks, mortality and morbidity, and remedial action are presented. Results. The findings of this review show that the majority of reported outbreaks were associated with passenger ships and that more than 6,400 people were affected. Waterborne outbreaks due to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, noroviruses, Salmonella spp, Shigella so, Cryptosporidium sp, and Giardia lamblia occurred on ships. Enterotoxigenic E. coli was the pathogen most frequently associated with outbreaks. One outbreak of chemical water poisoning also occurred on a ship. Risk factors included contaminated port water, inadequate treatment, improper loading techniques, poor design and maintenance of storage tanks, ingress of contamination during repair and maintenance, cross-connections, back siphonage, and insufficient residual disinfectant. Conclusions. Waterborne disease outbreaks on ships can be prevented. The factors contributing to outbreaks emphasize the need for hygienic handling of water along the supply chain from source to consumption. A comprehensive approach to water safety on ships is essential. This may be achieved by the adoption of Water Safety Plans that cover design, construction, operation, and routine inspection and maintenance. C1 WHO, Water Sanitat & Hlth Programme, Dept Protect Human Environm, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Environm Surveillance Unit, London, England. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rooney, RM (reprint author), WHO, Water Sanitat & Hlth Programme, Dept Protect Human Environm, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM rooneyr@who.int OI Bartram, Jamie/0000-0002-6542-6315; Todd, Ewen/0000-0001-7266-279X NR 21 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 119 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.05.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860BB UT WOS:000224311100009 PM 15219801 ER PT J AU Schneider, E Laserson, KF Wells, CD Moore, M AF Schneider, E Laserson, KF Wells, CD Moore, M TI Tuberculosis along the United States-Mexico border, 1993-2001 SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; population surveillance; antitubercular agents; Mexico; United States; international cooperation ID DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; FOREIGN-BORN; TEXAS; IMMIGRATION; COUNTY AB Objectives. Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading public health problem and a recognized priority for the federal Governments of both Mexico and the United States of America. The objectives of this research, primarily for the four states in the United States that are along the border with Mexico, were to: (1) describe the epidemiological situation of TB, (2) identify TB risk factors, and (3) discuss tuberculosis program strategies. Methods. We analyzed tuberculosis case reports collected from 1993 through 2001 by the tuberculosis surveillance system of the United States. We used those data to compare TB cases mainly among three groups: (1) Mexican-born persons in the four United States border states (Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas), (2) persons in those four border states who had been born in the United States, and (3) Mexican-born persons in the 46 other states of the United States, which do not border Mexico. Results. For the period from 1993 through 2001, of the 16 223 TB cases reported for Mexican-born persons in the United States, 12 450 of them (76.7%) were reported by Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas. In those four border states overall in 2001, tuberculosis case rates for Mexican-born persons were 5.0 times as high as the rates for persons born in the United States; those four states have 23 counties that directly border on Mexico, and the ratio in those counties was 5.8. HIV seropositivity, drug and alcohol use, unemployment, and incarceration were significantly less likely to be reported in Mexican-born TB patients from the four border states and the nonborder states than in patients born in the United States from the four border states (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that among pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were 18-64 years of age and residing in the four border states, the Mexican-born patients were 3.6 times as likely as the United States-born patients were to have resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin (i.e., to have multidrug-resistant TB) and twice as likely to have isoniazid resistance. Mexican-born TB patients from the four border states and the nonborder states were significantly more likely to have moved or to be lost to follow-up than were the TB patients born in the United States from the four border states (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Increased collaborative tuberculosis control efforts by the federal Governments of both Mexico and the United States along the border that they share are needed if tuberculosis is to be eliminated in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schneider, E (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eschneider@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD JUL PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1590/S1020-49892004000700004 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 899XG UT WOS:000227178500004 PM 15333263 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Finelli, L Alter, MJ Arduino, MJ AF Tokars, JI Finelli, L Alter, MJ Arduino, MJ TI National surveillance of dialysis-associated diseases in the United States, 2001 SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B; HEMODIALYSIS UNIT; OUTBREAK AB In December 2001, all U.S. chronic hemodialysis (HD) centers were surveyed regarding selected patient care practices and dialysis-associated diseases. The results were compared with similar surveys conducted in previous years. During 19972001, the percentage of patients vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increased from 47% to 60% and the percentage of staff vaccinated increased from 87% to 89%. In 2001, an estimated 65% of patients had been vaccinated for influenza and 26% for pneumococcal pneumonia. In 2001, routine testing for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was performed on staff at 42% of centers and on patients at 62% of centers; anti-HCV was found in 1.5% of staff and 8.6% of patients. In 2001, the incidence of HBV infection was higher among patients in centers where injectable medications were prepared at the dialysis station, and both HCV prevalence and incidence were higher among patients in centers where injectable medications were prepared at the dialysis station compared to a dedicated medication room. During 1995-2001, the percentage of patients who received dialysis through central catheters increased from 13% to 25%; this trend is worrisome, as infections and antimicrobial use are higher among patients receiving dialysis through catheters. However, during the same period, the percentage of patients receiving dialysis through fistulas increased from 22% to 30%. In 2001, 25% of catheters were used for new patients awaiting an arteriovenous (AV) access, 28% for established patients with a failed access awaiting new AV access, 40% as an access of last resort, and 6% for other reasons, including patient preference. The percentage of centers reporting one or more patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) increased from 12% in 1995 to 3 1% in 2001. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LFinelli@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 22 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1111/j.0894-0959.2004.17339.x PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 841NC UT WOS:000222936200015 PM 15250925 ER PT J AU Crosby, RA Liddon, N Martich, FA Brewer, T AF Crosby, RA Liddon, N Martich, FA Brewer, T TI Correlates of engaging in unprotected sex while experiencing dysuria or discharge: A study of men with confirmed gonorrhea SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLINICS AB Objectives: To identify the prevalence and correlates of engaging in unprotected sex while experiencing symptoms of gonorrhea among a sample of men with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis. Methods: Cross-sectional interview data were analyzed from 237 men, reporting dysuria or discharge, with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of gonorrhea. Results: A total of 21.1% reported engaging in unprotected sex while having symptoms. In multivariate analyses, men engaging in sex greater than or equal to5 times in the past 30 days were 3.5 times more likely to report unprotected sex while symptomatic (P = 0.001). Men reporting condom use less than or equal to50% of the time (past month) were 2.7 times more likely to report the risk behavior under investigation (P = 0.008). Men never having a previous STD were 2.7 times more likely to engage in the risk behavior (P = 0.006). Conclusions: The prevalence of this risk behavior was markedly lower compared to a recent study that was not restricted to gonorrhea. Counseling protocols specifically designed for men who continue to engage in unprotected sex after experiencing gonorrhea-related dysuria and discharge may be valuable for preventing the transmission of gonorrhea to women. C1 Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Crosby, RA (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, 121 Washington Ave,Room 111C, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM crosby@uky.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 31 IS 7 BP 421 EP 423 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000130534.12309.2C PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 832FB UT WOS:000222251500005 PM 15215697 ER PT J AU Wardle, J McCaffery, K Nadel, M Atkin, W AF Wardle, J McCaffery, K Nadel, M Atkin, W TI Socioeconomic differences in cancer screening participation: comparing cognitive and psychosocial explanations SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE UK; stress; social support; cancer scrcening; colorectal cancer; socioeconomic status ID MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED TRIAL; FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SOCIAL-CLASS; UNITED-STATES; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; HEALTH BEHAVIORS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; RISK BEHAVIORS; BREAST-CANCER AB This paper compares psychosocial and cognitive models of socioeconomic variation in participation in screening for colorectal cancer. The psychosocial model suggests that factors such as higher stress and lower social support explain, in part, why people from lower socioeconomic status (SES) environments are less likely to participate in screening. The cognitive model suggests that beliefs about cancer risk and screening will play an important part in differential participation. In practice both sets of factors may contribute to explaining socioeconomic differentials. The data for these analyses are drawn from a randomised controlled trial of colorcctal cancer screening (the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial). The participants are from the Scottish centre, where recruitment was stratified to generate a socioeconomically diverse sample. The dependent variable was interest in attending screening. A questionnaire covering demographic status, psychosocial and cognitive factors as well as interest in screening was sent to 10,650 adults. The results showed the predicted SES gradient in interest. There were also SES differences in both psychosocial and cognitive variables. A series of logistic regression models were used to test potential mediators of the association between SES and interest in attending screening by successively including psychosocial factors, cognitive factors, and then both, in the equation. Only the inclusion of the cognitive variables significantly reduced the variation associated with SES, providing better support for the cognitive than the psychosocial model. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UCL, Canc Res UK Hlth Behav Unit, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. St Marks Hosp, Canc Res UK Colorectal Canc Unit, Harrow, Middx, England. RP Wardle, J (reprint author), UCL, Canc Res UK Hlth Behav Unit, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 2-16 Torrington Pl, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM j.wardle@ucl.ac.uk OI Atkin, Wendy/0000-0001-9073-9658 FU Medical Research Council [G9615910] NR 67 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 59 IS 2 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.030 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 820EI UT WOS:000221369600003 PM 15110417 ER PT J AU Wimberly, YH Hogben, M AF Wimberly, YH Hogben, M TI Physicians' STD diagnosis and screening practices in the South SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE screening; sexually transmitted diseases; South ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; US PHYSICIANS; PREVENTION; GONORRHEA; CHLAMYDIA; EMERGENCY AB Objectives: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain at high levels in the South compared with the rest of the nation. Physician diagnosis levels and screening behaviors fall among the elements about which more knowledge is needed to address these high levels. This article assesses Southern physicians' STD diagnosis histories and screening behaviors, focusing on curable STDs. Methods: The sample included 1,306 physicians practicing in 13 Southern states and in the District of Columbia. These physicians forrmed part of a larger survey (n = 4,233) and answered questions concerning STD diagnosis history and screening behaviors. Analyses focus on chlamydial infection and gonorrhea individually, as well as composite statistics for gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, syphilis, pelvic inflammatory disease, trichomoniasis, and nongonococcal urethritis. Results: Approximately 80% of physicians had diagnosed a curable STD, and 56% screened for any STD. The most common diagnosis techniques were culture and DNA probe. Several variables were individually associated with screening and diagnostic methods. Being female, African-American, or an obstetrician/gynecologist were associated with increased likelihood to screen for STDs in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Southern physicians were less likely to screen for STDs than their counterparts in other areas of the United States, although they were more likely to have diagnosed STDs. Results suggest that some targeted and evaluated screening practices may be useful in this area of the country. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wimberly, YH (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM Yolanda_Wimberly@msm.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 7 BP 624 EP 630 DI 10.1097/00007611-200407000-00003 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 839SY UT WOS:000222806400003 PM 15301117 ER PT J AU McGruder, HF Malarcher, AM Antoine, TL Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF McGruder, HF Malarcher, AM Antoine, TL Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB TI Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular risk factors among stroke survivors - United States 1999 to 2001 SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE stroke; racial differences; risk factors; cardiovascular disease ID HEALTH; BLACKS; RACE AB Background and Purpose - Stroke mortality is higher among US blacks than it is among US whites. Few studies have examined racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among stroke survivors, especially among Hispanics. Methods - Data are from 96 501 persons aged18 years or older who participated in the 1999, 2000, or 2001 National Health Interview Survey, a continuous annual household-based survey of the US population. Participants reported a history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease. Other CVD risk factors were current smoking, overweight/obese, inadequate physical activity, and binge drinking. Results - Stroke was reported by 2.8% of blacks, 1.3% of Hispanics, and 2.2% of whites. Among 2265 stroke survivors, blacks were 1.65-times more likely (95% CI, 1.55 to 1.75) and Hispanics were 0.73-times less likely ( 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.78) than whites to report hypertension. Hispanics and blacks were more likely than whites to report diabetes ( P < 0.05). Hispanics and blacks were less likely than whites to report total coronary heart disease ( P < 0.05). Overweight was 1.63-times higher among blacks ( 95% CI, 1.55 to 1.73) and 1.36-times higher ( 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.44) among Hispanics than whites. Blacks were 1.82-times more likely ( 95% CI, 1.71 to 1.94) and Hispanics 2.09-times more likely ( 95% CI, 1.98 to 2.22) than whites to report inadequate levels of physical activity. Binge drinking and smoking were less common among Hispanics and Blacks than among whites ( P < 0.05). Conclusions - Racial and ethnic disparities exist in stroke prevalence and CVD risk behaviors and medical history. Targeted secondary prevention will be important in reducing disparities among Hispanic and black stroke survivors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McGruder, HF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hdd8@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1557 EP 1561 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000130427.84114.50 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 832HE UT WOS:000222257300006 PM 15192252 ER PT J AU Abdullah, ASM Husten, CG AF Abdullah, ASM Husten, CG TI Promotion of smoking cessation in developing countries: a framework for urgent public health interventions SO THORAX LA English DT Review ID NATIONAL PREVALENCE SURVEY; CHINA; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; SERVICES; SMOKERS AB The rapid rise in smoking in many developing countries will have devastating consequences; by 2030 the developing world is expected to have 7 million deaths annually from tobacco use. Many smokers express a desire to quit, but they often fail because they are addicted to tobacco. Although a number of cessation aids are now available in the developed world, their applicability and affordability in developing countries is less clear. Successful interventions will require many stakeholder groups to take action at the local, national, and international levels. We discuss smoking cessation as a means of reducing disease burden, examine factors that may limit the promotion of smoking cessation in developing countries, and propose a framework for public health action. This framework should comprise intervention with healthcare professionals, strengthening national commitment, development of a model for developing countries, changing the social acceptability of smoking, strengthening community participation, integration of smoking cessation with other healthcare services, specifying the role of healthcare professionals, development of guidelines, mobilisation of the business community, provision of financial incentives, establishing population specific smoking cessation services, increased collaboration between countries, and development of international initiatives. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abdullah, ASM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community Med, 5-F Acad Block,New Med Complex,21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM abdullah@graduate.hku.hk NR 96 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0040-6376 J9 THORAX JI Thorax PD JUL PY 2004 VL 59 IS 7 BP 623 EP 630 DI 10.1136/thx.2003.018820 PG 8 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 833IC UT WOS:000222329600017 PM 15223875 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, M Curns, AT Blake, PA Jernigan, DB Holman, RC Lance-Parker, SE Chamberland, ME Kuehnert, MJ AF Iwamoto, M Curns, AT Blake, PA Jernigan, DB Holman, RC Lance-Parker, SE Chamberland, ME Kuehnert, MJ TI Rapid evaluation of risk of white particulate matter in blood components by a statewide survey of transfusion reactions SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID STORED-BLOOD; UNITED-STATES; HAEMOVIGILANCE; SAFETY AB BACKGROUND: In January 2003, white particulate matter (WPM) was detected in blood components. Because the composition and cause of WPM was not understood at that time, there was uncertainty about whether WPM could endanger patient safety. To investigate possible adverse patient events associated with WPM, transfusion reaction rates were examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to Georgia medical centers. Data collected included the number of components transfused and reported adverse reactions by component type from January 2002 through January 2003, and date, reaction type, and blood supplier for events in January 2003. RESULTS: Of 124 transfusion services contacted, 108 (87%) responded. During the survey period, there were 1213 reported transfusion reactions and 528,412 units transfused, or 2.3 reactions per 1000 units transfused; for RBCs, 2.4 (range, 1.8-3.1); plasma, 1.5 (range, 0.6-3.5); and PLTs, 3.4 (2.1-5.4) per 1000 units. Transfusion reaction rates by component for January 2003 did not differ significantly from the rate for January 2002 or for the calendar year. The 86 reported reactions that occurred in January 2003 were attributed to bacterial contamination (n = 2, 2.3%), other febrile nonhemolytic (n = 49, 57.0%), allergic (n = 14, 16.3%), and "other" reactions (n = 21, 24.4%); the proportions of reaction types did not differ significantly during the month. CONCLUSION: No overall changes in reported adverse reaction rates occurred over the survey period or in the proportion of reaction types during January 2003 when WPM was detected. Statewide surveillance of transfusion reactions could be useful to evaluate potential threats to blood safety. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkuehnert@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 7 BP 967 EP 972 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03319.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 832YF UT WOS:000222302900004 PM 15225234 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, SV Rosen, J MacKey, J Romsey, C Xia, DL Visvesvera, GS Mansfield, KG AF Westmoreland, SV Rosen, J MacKey, J Romsey, C Xia, DL Visvesvera, GS Mansfield, KG TI Necrotizing meningoencephalitis and pneumonitis in a simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaque due to Acanthamoeba SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; amoebas; immunosuppression; meningoencephalitis; pneumonitis; rhesus macaque; SIV ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; HUMANS; AIDS AB Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba can cause a fatal disease of the brain in humans called granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. We present a case of meningoencephalitis and pneumonitis in a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque caused by Acanthamoeba sp. The animal became ill 176 days after intravenous inoculation with SIVmac251 after a short history of weight loss and a sudden onset of hind limb paresis and abnormal head movements. Histopathologic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues revealed multifocal to coalescing necrotizing neutrophilic meningoencephalitis and pneumonitis. Immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction were used to identify the genus of amoeba as Acanthamoeba. Immunohistochemistry of immune cell markers was used to characterize the animal's immune response to the opportunistic amoebic infection with features of both innate and adaptive cell-mediated immunity. Although not previously reported, the potential transmission to humans, either through environmental contamination or contact with an infected animal, makes this disease a threat to laboratory animal care staff and pathologists. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Comparat Pathol, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Primate Resources, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Westmoreland, SV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Comparat Pathol, 1 Pine Hill Dr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. EM swestmoreland@hms.har.vard.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00168] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1354/vp.41-4-398 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 834ZR UT WOS:000222449900011 PM 15232140 ER PT J AU Saltzman, LE AF Saltzman, LE TI Definitional and methodological issues related to transnational research on intimate partner violence SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Towards a Cross-Cultural Analysis of Family Violence CY JUN 12-14, 2003 CL Esterel, CANADA SP Int Ctr Comparat Criminol, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Fam Violence & Violence Against Women, Univ Montreal, Social Sci & Humanities Res Council Canada, Quebec Minist Finance, Econ & Res, Quebec Minist Hlth & Social Serv, Natl Crime Prevent Ctr, Dept Justice Canada DE IPV measures; measurement standardization; public health surveillance ID UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; FAMILY AB To address intimate partner violence (IPV) transnationally, we must examine standardization of both terminology and measurement. This article comments on public health surveillance and efforts toward standardizing terminology on violence against women and IPV Starting with information about IPV from two U.S. surveys, it identifies issues including cueing and screening questions, survey context, repeat victimization, bounding, and question order to be considered in developing transnational research. Some steps for standardizing IPV measures include replicating initial findings in additional countries, agreeing on breadth of focus, determining strategies for choosing standard measures, and allowing for periodic updates to standardized definitions and measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Saltzman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 812 EP 830 DI 10.1177/1077201204265553 PG 19 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 826QF UT WOS:000221842900007 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Lindstrom, SE Shaw, MW Smith, CB Hall, HE Mungall, BA Subbarao, K Cox, NJ Klimov, A AF Xu, XY Lindstrom, SE Shaw, MW Smith, CB Hall, HE Mungall, BA Subbarao, K Cox, NJ Klimov, A TI Reassortment and evolution of current human influenza A and B viruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Influenza Conference CY OCT, 2002 CL ST JULIANS, MALTA DE reassortment; influenza A HIN2; influenza B; evolution ID COCIRCULATING LINEAGES; H1N1 VIRUSES; H3N2; HEMAGGLUTININ; ORIGIN; SEASON; GENES AB During the 2001-2002 influenza season, human influenza A (H1N2) reassortant viruses were detected globally. The hemagglutinin (HA) of these H1N2 viruses was similar to that of the A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) vaccine strain both antigenically and genetically, while their neuraminidase (NA) was antigenically and genetically related to that of recent human influenza H3N2 reference viruses such as A/Moscow/10/99. All six internal genes of the H1N2 reassortants originated from an H3N2 virus. After being detected only in eastern Asia during the past 10 years, Influenza B/Victoria/2/87 lineage viruses reappeared in many countries outside of Asia in 2001. Additionally, reassortant influenza B viruses possessing an HA similar to that of B/Shandong/7/97, a recent B/Victoria/2/87 lineage reference strain, and an NA closely related to that of B/Sichuan/379/99, a recent B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage reference strain, were isolated globally and became the predominant influenza B epidemic strain. The current influenza vaccine is expected to provide good protection against H1N2 viruses because it contains A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) and A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) like viruses whose H1 HA or N2 NA are antigenically similar to those of recent circulating H I N2 viruses. On the other hand, widespread circulation of influenza B Victoria lineage viruses required inclusion of a strain from this lineage in influenza vaccines for the 2002-2003 season. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Xu, XY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Mail Stop G16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM xxu@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 49 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 103 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.02.013 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 829QR UT WOS:000222065200010 PM 15163489 ER PT J AU Mungall, BA Xu, XY Klimov, A AF Mungall, BA Xu, XY Klimov, A TI Surveillance of influenza isolates for susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors during the 2000-2002 influenza seasons SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Influenza Conference CY OCT, 2002 CL ST JULIANS, MALTA DE neuraminidase inhibitor; zanamivir; osetamivir; influenza surveillance ID RESISTANCE; VIRUSES; ZANAMIVIR AB Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NI) have recently been licensed for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza virus infection in humans. This study has utilized anew chemiluminescent (CL) neuraminidase assay to routinely monitor more than a thousand influenza field isolates collected worldwide during the 2000-2002 seasons for susceptibility to both licensed NIs, zanamivir, and oseltamivir by determining the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Our data demonstrated that influenza A viruses of the N2 subtype were less susceptible to zanamivir, but not oseltamivir, than those of the NI subtype such that 41 of 45 confirmed H1N2 isolates could be reliably differentiated from H1N1 viruses based on their zanamivir susceptibility. Pre-titration of influenza A viruses appeared to have no effect on IC50 determined for either NI, while pre-titration of influenza B viruses significantly reduced oseltamivir IC50 and increased zanamivir IC50. Influenza B viruses were less susceptible to either compound than type A isolates. The CL assay is a rapid and reliable method for screening large numbers of influenza isolates for NI susceptibility. Reassortant viruses of the H1N2 subtype that started to circulate worldwide during the 2001-2002 season can be reliably separated from H1N1 viruses based on their zanamivir susceptibility, enabling large scale screening of H1 isolates for determining the prevalence of such reassortants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Xu, XY (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM XXu@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 103 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 195 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.02.033 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 829QR UT WOS:000222065200030 PM 15163509 ER PT J AU Focant, JF Sjodin, A Patterson, DG AF Focant, JF Sjodin, A Patterson, DG TI Improved separation of the 209 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE resolution; gas chromatography; comprehensive two-dimensional; polychlorinated biphenyls ID DIFFERENT HRGC COLUMNS; PCB CONGENERS; TECHNICAL MIXTURES; GC COLUMNS; 6 AROCLORS; CHLOROBIPHENYLS; IDENTIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONTAMINANTS; SELECTIVITY AB The separation of the 209 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners has been studied using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOFMS). Four column combinations based on thermally stable phases, DB-/HT-8, DB-XLB/HT-8, DB-XLB/BPX-50, and HT-8/BPX-50, have been investigated. The HT-8/13PX-50 set produced the best separation. The distribution of the 100 to 150ms wide peaks was highly structured in the chromatographic space and based on the degree of ortho-substitution within each separated homologue series. A total of 192 congeners were resolved in 146 min (1.3 analyte per min) using this column set. Eight coelutions involved 17 congeners. Among them, seven congeners were present in Aroclors at levels > 1.0wt.% (CBs 33, 47, 48, 95, 97, 163, 187). Except for CBs 47 and 48, none of the major constituents of commercial mixtures were coeluting. CB 138 was well separated from CBs 163 and 164 in the second dimension. For all column sets, CBs 20, 33, and 109 always coeluted with other PCBs. The 12 toxic dioxin-like congeners (CBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189), and the seven European Union marker PCBs (CBs 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were separated from any interfering congeners. This was not the case for the other investigated column sets. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Focant, JF (reprint author), Univ Liege, Dixon Lab, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Allee Chim 3,B-6C Sart Tilman, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. EM jf.focant@ulg.ac.be RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 52 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 25 PY 2004 VL 1040 IS 2 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.003 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 826OE UT WOS:000221837600010 PM 15230530 ER PT J AU Bolen, J Helmick, CG Sacks, JJ Langmaid, G AF Bolen, J Helmick, CG Sacks, JJ Langmaid, G TI Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and possible arthritis - 30 states, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 383-386, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bolen, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 23 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 24 BP 2934 EP 2935 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831HD UT WOS:000222184600009 ER PT J AU Murphy, L Cisternas, M Yelin, E Trupin, L AF Murphy, L Cisternas, M Yelin, E Trupin, L TI Update: Direct and indirect costs of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 388-389, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Business Comp Applicat Inc, Duluth, GA 30136 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community HLth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murphy, L (reprint author), Business Comp Applicat Inc, Duluth, GA 30136 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 23 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 24 BP 2935 EP 2936 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831HD UT WOS:000222184600010 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Marks, JS Stroup, DF AF Mokdad, AH Marks, JS Stroup, DF TI Modifiable behavioral factors as causes of death - In reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES; OBESITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amokdad@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 23 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 24 BP 2942 EP 2943 DI 10.1001/jama.291.24.2942-c PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831HD UT WOS:000222184600017 ER PT J AU Santin, M Trout, JM Xiao, LH Zhou, L Greiner, E Fayer, R AF Santin, M Trout, JM Xiao, LH Zhou, L Greiner, E Fayer, R TI Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; prevalence; calves; genotyping; zoonoses ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR METHODS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; GIARDIA; CATTLE; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PARVUM AB Fifteen dairy farms in seven states on the east coast of the US were each visited on two consecutive years to determinate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in pre-weaned (5 days to 2 months) and post-weaned calves (3-11 months), respectively. After each of 971 fecal specimens collected directly from each calf was sieved and subjected to density gradient centrifugation to remove debris and concentrate oocysts, specimens were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For all PCR-positive specimens the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium was sequenced. Cryptosporidium was identified from all farms. Types of housing appeared to have no influence with regard to prevalence of infection. Of 971 calves, 345 were infected with Cryptosporidium (35.5%), but more pre-weaned calves (253 of 503; 50.3%) than post-weaned calves (92 of 468; 19.7%) were found to be infected. A total of 278 PCR-positive specimens characterized by gene sequencing revealed Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium andersoni, and two unnamed Cryptosporidium genotypes Bovine B (AY 120911) and deer-like genotype (AY 1209 10). The prevalence of these Cryptosporidium species and genotypes appeared to be age related between pre- and post-weaned calves. C. parvum, the only zoonotic species/genotype, constituted 85% of the Cryptosporidium infections in pre-weaned calves but only 1% of the Cryptosporidium infections in post-weaned calves. These findings clearly demonstrate that earlier reports on the presence and prevalence of C. parvum in post-weaned cattle that were based solely on oocyst morphology must be reassessed using molecular methods to validate species and genotype. This finding also indicates that persons handling or otherwise exposed to calves under 2 months of age are at greater risk of zoonotic infection from Cryptosporidium than the risk of infection from exposure to older calves. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 173,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 40 TC 249 Z9 264 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN 21 PY 2004 VL 122 IS 2 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.03.020 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 832YY UT WOS:000222304800002 PM 15177715 ER PT J AU Kuhn, L Abrams, EJ Palumbo, P Bulterys, M Aga, R Louie, L Hodge, T AF Kuhn, L Abrams, EJ Palumbo, P Bulterys, M Aga, R Louie, L Hodge, T CA Perinatal AIDS Collaborative TI Maternal versus paternal inheritance of HLA class I alleles among HIV-infected children: consequences for clinical disease progression SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; mother to child transmission; HLA; maternal; paternal; inheritance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL RESPONSES; CTL ESCAPE; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; VIRAL ESCAPE; RISK-FACTORS; INFANTS AB Objective: When children acquire HIV infection from their mothers (with whom they share at least 50% of their HLA alleles), they acquire virus with a history of encounter with maternal HLA-mediated immune responses. We investigated whether maternal HLA selection pressures on the virus would adversely influence clinical outcomes of HIV-infected children. Methods: We tested whether time to AIDS diagnosis or death, among a cohort of 59 HIV-infected children in New York City followed from birth for up to 12 years, was associated with maternally- or paternally-inherited child HLA class I alleles, and with HLA similarity between mother and child. Results: HIV-infected children with an HLA allele usually associated with slow disease experienced a slower progression to AIDS or death only if the allele was paternally inherited. If the allele was present in the mother, no association was observed. Children who were homozygous or who shared both alleles with their mothers at more than one HLA class I locus were more likely to progress to AIDS or death than other children (relative hazard, 3.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-9.71). Conclusion: Genetic similarity between mother and child may compromise the child's capacity to control HIV replication when the virus is acquired from the mother. HLA-mediated selective pressures on the virus in a transmitting mother-infant pair may undermine future HLA-mediated viral control in the child. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Gertrude Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Lab Bonfils, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuhn, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Gertrude Sergievsky Ctr, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 18 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1281 EP 1289 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000125963.24130.40 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 840XY UT WOS:000222894700006 PM 15362660 ER PT J AU Nguyen, L Li, M Chaowanachan, T Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Mock, PA van Griensven, F Martin, M Sangkum, U Choopanya, K Tappero, JW Lal, RB Yang, CF AF Nguyen, L Li, M Chaowanachan, T Hu, DJ Vanichseni, S Mock, PA van Griensven, F Martin, M Sangkum, U Choopanya, K Tappero, JW Lal, RB Yang, CF TI CCR5 promoter human haplogroups associated with HIV-1 disease progression in Thai injection drug users SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Asia; HIV-1; CCR5; CCR2; host genetics ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR2; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INTERNATIONAL METAANALYSIS; AIDS PROGRESSION; 2 SUBTYPES; INFECTION; POLYMORPHISMS; GENE; CCR5-DELTA-32 AB Background: An evolutionary-based analysis of the CC chemokine receptor 5 gene (CCR5) promoter region has identified nine stable human haplogroups, within which certain haplogroups appear to influence HIV-1 disease progression differentially among Caucasians and African-Americans. Objective: To assess the influence of CCR5 haplogroups on HIV-1 disease progression in a Thai population. Design: Haplogroup analysis of HIV-1-seropositive injection drug users (IDU) participating in a prospective cohort study in Bangkok. All were documented seroconverters with a median follow-up time of 3.5 years (range, 0.2-7.0). Methods: From a cohort of 130 IDU, 106 (81.5%) were genotyped for the CCR2b-641, CCR5-Delta32 and seven CCR5 promoter alleles constituting the CCR5 haplogroups. Survival curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the effect of haplogroups on the time from HIV-1 infection until CD4 count < 200 x 10(6) cells/l. Results: The most common CCR5 haplogroups were HHC (61.8%), followed by HHE (15.6%) and HHF*2 (14.6%). HHE was associated with an accelerated CD4 count decline to < 200 x 10(6) cells/l (adjusted relative hazard, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.36; P = 0.02). Conclusions: This is the first evidence that the CCR5 haplogroup E speeds the decline of the CD4 cell count and may lead to accelerated disease progression among HIV-infected Thais. These new observations highlight the need for additional studies involving populations in Asia. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Thai MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Bangkok Vaccine Evaluat Grp, Bangkok, Thailand. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Yang, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013; van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 18 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1327 EP 1333 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000131303.39957.15 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 840XY UT WOS:000222894700012 PM 15362666 ER PT J AU Kainer, MA Linden, JV Whaley, DN Holmes, HT Jarvis, WR Jernigan, DB Archibald, LK AF Kainer, MA Linden, JV Whaley, DN Holmes, HT Jarvis, WR Jernigan, DB Archibald, LK TI Clostridium infections associated with musculoskeletal-tissue allografts SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TENDON-BONE ALLOGRAFTS; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION; PROCUREMENT; VIRUS AB Background: Allografts are commonly used in orthopedic reconstructive surgery. In 2001, approximately 875,000 musculoskeletal allografts were distributed by U.S. tissue banks. After the death from Clostridium sordellii sepsis of a 23-year-old man who had received a contaminated allograft from a tissue bank (Tissue Bank A), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated an investigation, including enhanced case finding, of the methods used for the recovery, processing, and testing of tissue. Methods: A case of allograft-associated clostridium infection was defined as a culture-proven infection of a surgical site within one year after allograft implantation, from January 1998 to March 2002. We traced tissues to tissue banks that recovered and processed these tissues. We also estimated the rates of and risk ratios for clostridium infections for tissues processed by the implicated tissue bank and reviewed processing and testing methods used by various tissue banks. Results: Fourteen patients were identified, all of whom had received allografts processed by Tissue Bank A. The rates of clostridium infection were 0.12 percent among patients who received sports-medicine tissues (i.e., tendons, femoral condyles, menisci) from Tissue Bank A and 0.36 percent among those who received femoral condyles in particular. The risk-ratio estimates for clostridium infections from tissues processed by Tissue Bank A, as compared with those from other tissue banks, were infinite (P<0.001) for musculoskeletal allografts, sports-medicine tissues, or tendons. Because Tissue Bank A cultured tissues only after treating them with a nonsporicidal antimicrobial solution, some test results were probably false negatives. Tissues from implicated donors were released despite the isolation of clostridium or bowel flora from other anatomical sites or reports of infections in other recipients. Conclusions: Clostridium infections were traced to allograft implantation. We provide interim recommendations to enhance tissue-transplantation safety. Tissue banks should validate processes and culture methods. Sterilization methods that do not adversely affect the functioning of transplanted tissue are needed to prevent allograft-related infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Kainer, MA (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, 4th Fl,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM marion.kainer@state.tn.us NR 41 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 17 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 25 BP 2564 EP 2571 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa023222 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 829NE UT WOS:000222054700007 PM 15201413 ER PT J AU Bacon, RM Mead, PS Kool, JL Postema, AS Staples, JE AF Bacon, RM Mead, PS Kool, JL Postema, AS Staples, JE CA CDC TI Lyme disease - United States, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 365, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 State & Dist Columbia Hlth Dept, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bacon, RM (reprint author), State & Dist Columbia Hlth Dept, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 23 BP 2810 EP 2812 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 828GT UT WOS:000221962500009 ER PT J AU Hedley, AA Ogden, CL Johnson, CL Carroll, MD Curtin, LR Flegal, KM AF Hedley, AA Ogden, CL Johnson, CL Carroll, MD Curtin, LR Flegal, KM TI Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRENDS AB Context The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased markedly in the last 2 decades in the United States. Objective To update the US prevalence estimates of overweight in children and obesity in adults, using the most recent national data of height and weight measurements. Design, Setting, and Participants As part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a complex multistage probability sample of the US non institutionalized civilian population, both height and weight measurements were obtained from 4115 adults and 4018 children in 1999-2000 and from 4390 adults and 4258 children in 2001-2002. Main Outcome Measure Prevalence of overweight (body mass index [BMI] greater than or equal to95th percentile of the sex-specific BMI-for-age growth chart) among children and prevalence of overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9), obesity (BMI greater than or equal to30.0), and extreme obesity (BMI greater than or equal to40.0) among adults by sex, age, and racial/ethnic group. Results Between 1999-2000 and 2001-2002, there were no significant changes among adults in the prevalence of overweight or obesity (64.5% vs 65.7%), obesity (30.5% vs 30.6%), or extreme obesity (4.7% vs 5.1%), or among children aged 6 through 19 years in the prevalence of at risk for overweight or overweight (29.9% vs 31.5%) or overweight (15.0% vs 16.5%). Overall, among adults aged at least 20 years in 19992002, 65.1% were overweight or obese, 30.4% were obese, and 4.9% were extremely obese. Among children aged 6 through 19 years in 1999-2002, 31.0% were at risk for overweight or overweight and 16.0% were overweight. The NHANES results indicate continuing disparities by sex and between racial/ethnic groups in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Conclusions There is no indication that the prevalence of obesity among adults and overweight among children is decreasing. The high levels of overweight among children and obesity among adults remain a major public health concern. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Weight & Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hedley, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4307, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ahedley@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012; OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219; Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 11 TC 2691 Z9 2746 U1 13 U2 109 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 23 BP 2847 EP 2850 DI 10.1001/jama.291.23.2847 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 828GT UT WOS:000221962500030 PM 15199035 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Calle, EE Teras, LR Petrelli, J Thun, MJ AF Coughlin, SS Calle, EE Teras, LR Petrelli, J Thun, MJ TI Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; cohort studies; colonic neoplasms; diabetes mellitus; liver neoplasms; obesity; pancreatic neoplasms; prostatic neoplasms ID PRIMARY LIVER-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; POPULATION-BASED COHORT; RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; UNITED-STATES ADULTS; BREAST-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PANCREATIC-CANCER AB Several studies have suggested that diabetes mellitus may alter the risk of developing a variety of cancers, and the associations are biologically plausible. To learn more about the relation between diabetes and cancer mortality, the authors examined associations with selected cancers in a large, prospective US cohort of 467,922 men and 588,321 women who had no reported history of cancer at enrollment in 1982. After 16 years of mortality follow-up, diabetes was significantly associated with fatal colon cancer in men (multivariate relative risk (RR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.37) and women (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.43) and with pancreatic cancer in men (RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.73) and women (RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.72). For men, diabetes was significantly associated with liver cancer (RR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.76, 2.72) and bladder cancer (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.80). In addition, diabetes was significantly associated with breast cancer in women (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.45). These associations were not explained by high body mass. Our findings suggest that diabetes is an independent predictor of mortality from cancer of the colon, pancreas, female breast, and, in men, of the liver and bladder. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 434 Z9 463 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 12 BP 1160 EP 1167 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh161 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 830MJ UT WOS:000222126000006 PM 15191933 ER PT J AU Waselenko, JK MacVittie, TJ Blakely, WF Pesik, N Wiley, AL Dickerson, WE Tsu, H Confer, DL Coleman, CN Seed, T Lowry, P Armitage, JO Dainiak, N AF Waselenko, JK MacVittie, TJ Blakely, WF Pesik, N Wiley, AL Dickerson, WE Tsu, H Confer, DL Coleman, CN Seed, T Lowry, P Armitage, JO Dainiak, N TI Medical management of the acute radiation syndrome: Recommendations of the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; IMPROVES NEUTROPHIL RECOVERY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; EARLY DOSE ASSESSMENT; IONIZING-RADIATION; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; FLUCONAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS AB Physicians, hospitals, and other health care facilities will assume the responsibility for aiding individuals injured by a terrorist act involving radioactive material. Scenarios have been developed for such acts that include a range of exposures resulting in few to many casualties. This consensus document was developed by the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group to provide a framework for physicians in internal medicine and the medical subspecialties to evaluate and manage large-scale radiation injuries. Individual radiation close is assessed by determining the time to onset and severity of nausea and vomiting, decline in absolute lymphocyte count over several hours or days after exposure, and appearance of chromosome aberrations (including dicentrics and ring forms) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Documentation of clinical signs and symptoms (affecting the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and cutaneous systems) over time is essential for triage of victims, selection of therapy, and assignment of prognosis. Recommendations based on radiation dose and physiologic response are made for treatment of the hematopoietic syndrome. Therapy includes treatment with hematopoietic cytokines; blood transfusion; and, in selected cases, stem-cell transplantation. Additional medical management based on the evolution of clinical signs and symptoms includes the use of antimicrobial agents (quinolones, antiviral therapy, and antifungal agents), antiemetic agents, and analgesic agents. Because of the strong psychological impact of a possible radiation exposure, psychosocial support will be required for those exposed, regardless of the dose, as well as for family and friends. Treatment of pregnant women must account for risk to the fetus. For terrorist or accidental events involving exposure to radioicidines, prophylaxis against malignant disease of the thyroid is also recommended, particularly for children and adolescents. C1 Bridgeport Hosp, Dept Med, Bridgeport, CT USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Off Emergency Preparedness & Response, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Strateg Natl Stockpile Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Yale New Haven Hlth Syst, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Dainiak, N (reprint author), Bridgeport Hosp, Dept Med, 267 Grant St, Bridgeport, CT USA. EM pndain@bpthosp.org NR 120 TC 316 Z9 334 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 12 BP 1037 EP 1051 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 829NK UT WOS:000222055500008 PM 15197022 ER PT J AU Malakmadze, N Zimmerman, LA Uzicanin, A Shteinke, L Caceres, VM Kasymbekova, K Sozina, I Glasser, JW Joldubaeva, M Aidyralieva, C Icenogle, JP Strebel, PM Reef, SE AF Malakmadze, N Zimmerman, LA Uzicanin, A Shteinke, L Caceres, VM Kasymbekova, K Sozina, I Glasser, JW Joldubaeva, M Aidyralieva, C Icenogle, JP Strebel, PM Reef, SE TI Development of a rubella vaccination strategy: Contribution of a rubella susceptibility study of women of childbearing age in Kyrgyzstan, 2001 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SYNDROME CRS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY AB To contribute to the development of a rubella vaccination strategy, we conducted a study to determine age-specific susceptibility among women aged 15-39 years by testing for rubella-specific IgG antibodies. Of 964 women, 13% were found to be susceptible to rubella. Significantly higher susceptibility among women >25 years old was observed. Susceptibility data are important but are not sufficient to develop a vaccination strategy. After considering all available information, we suggested vaccination of women aged <35 years and selective vaccination of older women who were planning pregnancy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Prevent Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Measles Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kyrgyz Minist Hlth, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. UNICEF Off, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. RP Malakmadze, N (reprint author), 26 Agladze St,Corpus 3,Apt 29, GE-380019 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. EM nailemlk@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1780 EP 1783 DI 10.1086/421018 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 829YH UT WOS:000222087500022 PM 15227627 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Fowler, MG Van Rompay, KK Kourtis, AP AF Bulterys, M Fowler, MG Van Rompay, KK Kourtis, AP TI Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 through breast-feeding: Past, present, and future SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEWBORN RHESUS MACAQUES; SHORT-COURSE ZIDOVUDINE; NEONATAL MACAQUES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zbe2@cdc.gov NR 66 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 12 BP 2149 EP 2153 DI 10.1086/420835 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 824PW UT WOS:000221699500001 PM 15181560 ER PT J AU Weinstock, HS Zaidi, I Heneine, W Bennett, D Garcia-Lerma, JG Douglas, JM LaLota, M Dickinson, G Schwarcz, S Torian, L Wendell, D Paul, S Goza, GA Ruiz, J Boyett, B Kaplan, JE AF Weinstock, HS Zaidi, I Heneine, W Bennett, D Garcia-Lerma, JG Douglas, JM LaLota, M Dickinson, G Schwarcz, S Torian, L Wendell, D Paul, S Goza, GA Ruiz, J Boyett, B Kaplan, JE TI The epidemiology of antiretroviral drug resistance among drug-naive HIV-1-infected persons in 10 US cities SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; HIV-1 INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; THERAPY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VARIANTS AB Background. The prevalence and characteristics of persons with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections with or without evidence of mutations associated with drug resistance have not been well described. Methods. Drug-naive persons in whom HIV had been diagnosed during the previous 12 months and who did not have acquired immune deficiency syndrome were sequentially enrolled from 39 clinics and testing sites in 10 US cities during 1997-2001. Genotyping was conducted from HIV-amplification products, by automated sequencing. For specimens identified as having mutations previously associated with reduced antiretroviral-drug susceptibility, phenotypic testing was performed. Results. Of 1311 eligible participants, 1082 (83%) were enrolled and successfully tested; 8.3% had reverse transcriptase or major protease mutations associated with reduced antiretroviral-drug susceptibility. The prevalence of these mutations was 11.6% among men who had sex with men but was only 6.1% and 4.7% among women and heterosexual men, respectively. The prevalence was 5.4% and 7.9% among African American and Hispanic participants, respectively, and was 13.0% among whites. Among persons whose sexual partners reportedly took antiretroviral medications, the prevalence was 15.2%. Conclusions. Depending on the characteristics of the patients tested, HIV-genotype testing prior to the initiation of therapy would identify a substantial number of infected persons with mutations associated with reduced anti-retroviral-drug susceptibility. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. Miami Vet Adm Med Ctr, Miami, FL USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. State New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. RP Weinstock, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hsw2@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 180 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 12 BP 2174 EP 2180 DI 10.1086/420789 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 824PW UT WOS:000221699500004 PM 15181563 ER PT J AU Litovitz, TL Watson, WA Belson, M Funk, AB Patel, M Schier, JG Kilbourne, E Rubin, C AF Litovitz, TL Watson, WA Belson, M Funk, AB Patel, M Schier, JG Kilbourne, E Rubin, C TI Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS): Real-time toxicosurveillance across united states poison centers SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Congress of Toxicology CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Tampere, FINLAND C1 AAPCC, Washington, DC USA. CDC, NCEH, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 197 IS 3 MA 75 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 833OZ UT WOS:000222348900068 ER PT J AU Hicks, H Ashizawa, A Cibulas, W De Rosa, CT AF Hicks, H Ashizawa, A Cibulas, W De Rosa, CT TI Endocrine disrupting chemicals - Old and new reasons for continued public health intervention SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Congress of Toxicology CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Tampere, FINLAND C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 197 IS 3 MA 399 BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 833OZ UT WOS:000222348900332 ER PT J AU Youil, R Kiselava, I Kwan, WS Szymkowiak, C Toner, TJ Su, Q Klimov, A Rudenko, L Shaw, AR AF Youil, R Kiselava, I Kwan, WS Szymkowiak, C Toner, TJ Su, Q Klimov, A Rudenko, L Shaw, AR TI Phenotypic and genetic analyses of the heterogeneous population present in the cold-adapted master donor strain: A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cold-adaptive influenza vaccine; influenza A virus; vero cells ID INFLUENZA-B VIRUS; RECEPTOR-BINDING PROPERTIES; EMBRYONATED CHICKEN EGGS; CELL-GROWN VIRUS; A H3N2 VIRUSES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SEQUENCE IDENTITY; MDCK CELLS; HEMAGGLUTININ; VERO AB For the past three decades the cold-adapted (ca) and temperature sensitive (ts) master donor strain, A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) has been successfully used as the basis for the live attenuated reassortant influenza A vaccine. This donor strain was developed from A/Leningrad/134/57 (H2N2) wild-type (wt) virus following 17 passages in eggs at 25 degreesC. Our detailed investigation has revealed that the A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (Len/17) master donor stock is a mixed population comprised of numerous variants of the ca/ts Len/17 influenza virus. We have identified these variants to exhibit a broad range in their temperature sensitive phenotype when assayed on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at 37 degreesC. A selection of these variant clones has been fully characterized by sequencing in order to understand the variability in the ts phenotype. This study has also addressed the feasibility of using cell culture technology for the propagation and subsequent manufacturing of the cold-adapted influenza vaccine (CAIV), particularly with respect to retaining the defined mutations that contribute toward the ca/ts phenotype. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Merck & Co Inc, Dept Virus & Cell Biol, W Point, PA 19486 USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Youil, R (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Dept Virus & Cell Biol, 770 Sumneytown Pike,WP44L-206B, W Point, PA 19486 USA. EM rima_youil@merck.com RI Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015 OI Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.01.026 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 816ZX UT WOS:000221148900005 PM 15084398 ER PT J AU Ganova-Raeva, L Smith, AW Fields, H Khudyakov, Y AF Ganova-Raeva, L Smith, AW Fields, H Khudyakov, Y TI New calicivirus isolated from walrus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Vesivirus; capsid; walrus; SSH ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; CAPSID PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; ENTERIC CALICIVIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ANIMAL CALICIVIRUSES; DISEASE; GENOME; SITES AB The nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a new member of Caliciviridae was determined. Cell culture inoculated with fecal matter from walrus was used to recover fragments of a new virus by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH). The isolate was identified as a member of the Vesivirus genus of Caliciviridae and designated the name Walrus Calicivirus (WCV). Sets of PCR primers spanning the entire putative genome were designed using known sequences of other vesiviruses. The assembled genome was 8289 nucleotides (m) long and shared no more than 87% identity with sequences of the other members of the genus Vesivirus. The largest open reading frame (ORF1) between positions 4-5646 encoded a polyprotein. ORF2, found at position 5652-7778, encoded a putative capsid protein. ORF3 overlapped ORF2 and encoded a small basic protein. Comparative analysis of multiple caliciviral capsid proteins was performed to propose a uniform capsid structural organization for this viral family, (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Caliciviral Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ganova-Raeva, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lkg@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.01.033 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 816ZX UT WOS:000221148900010 PM 15084403 ER PT J AU Porter, PL Lund, MJ Lin, MG Yuan, XP Liff, JM Flagg, EW Coates, RJ Eley, JW AF Porter, PL Lund, MJ Lin, MG Yuan, XP Liff, JM Flagg, EW Coates, RJ Eley, JW TI Racial differences in the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in breast carcinoma - Study of young African American and white women in Atlanta, Georgia SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast carcinoma; race; cell cycle; young women ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STATUS; CANCER PATIENTS; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; KI-67 ANTIGEN; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PARAFFIN SECTIONS; SEPARATE PATHWAYS; UNITED-STATES; BLACK-WOMEN AB BACKGROUND. African-American (AA) women are more likely to be diagnosed with an advanced stage of breast carcinoma than are white women. After adjustment for disease stage, many studies indicate that tumors in AA women are more likely than tumors in white women are to exhibit a high level of cell proliferation and features of poor prognosis. The purpose of the current study was to compare tumor characteristics and cell cycle alterations in AA women and white women that might affect the aggressiveness of breast carcinoma. METHODS. The study included 124 AA and 397 white women, ages 20-54 years. These women were enrolled in a case-control study in Atlanta, Georgia, between 1990 and 1992. Breast tumor specimens obtained from these women were centrally reviewed for histologic characteristics and evaluated for expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR), c-ErbB-2, Ki-67, p53, cyclin E, cyclin D1, p27, p16, pRb, and p21 by immunohistochemistry. Logistic regression models were used to assess the age- and stage-adjusted associations of various tumor characteristics with race. RESULTS. The odds of a breast carcinoma diagnosis at a younger age and at a later stage were higher for AA women than for white women. After adjustment for disease stage and age at diagnosis, AA women also were found to have increased odds of having a higher-grade tumor, a higher mitotic index, marked tumor necrosis, ductal histology, loss of ER and PR, overexpression of cyclin E, p16, and p53 and low expression of cyclin D1 at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS. The observed differences between tumor specimens obtained from AA women and tumor specimens obtained from white women, independent of stage and age at diagnosis, indicated that race may be a determinant, or a surrogate for other determinants, of aggressive breast carcinoma and specific cell cycle defects. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society*. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div Global Migrat & quarntine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Internal Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Porter, PL (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA64292, R01 CA71735] NR 77 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 12 PY 2004 VL 100 IS 12 BP 2533 EP 2542 DI 10.1002/cncr.20279 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 826UL UT WOS:000221854700004 PM 15197793 ER PT J AU Farmer, JJ Gangarosa, RE Gangarosa, EJ AF Farmer, JJ Gangarosa, RE Gangarosa, EJ TI Does Laribacter hongkongensis cause diarrhoea, or does diarrhoea "cause" L hongkongensis? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & diarrheal Dis Lab Sect, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EJG Associates, Stone Mt, GA USA. RP Farmer, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & diarrheal Dis Lab Sect, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jimfarmer812@earthlink.net NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 12 PY 2004 VL 363 IS 9425 BP 1923 EP 1924 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16439-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 828GW UT WOS:000221962800005 PM 15194250 ER PT J AU Kim, M Yang, HL Kim, SK Reche, PA Tirabassi, RS Hussey, RE Chishti, Y Rheinwald, JG Morehead, TJ Zech, T Damon, IK Welsh, RM Reinherz, EL AF Kim, M Yang, HL Kim, SK Reche, PA Tirabassi, RS Hussey, RE Chishti, Y Rheinwald, JG Morehead, TJ Zech, T Damon, IK Welsh, RM Reinherz, EL TI Biochemical and functional analysis of smallpox growth factor (SPGF) and anti-SPGF monoclonal antibodies SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETEROLOGOUS ANTIVIRAL IMMUNITY; ERBB SIGNALING NETWORK; GENOME DNA-SEQUENCES; VACCINIA VIRUS; FACTOR-ALPHA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FACTOR RECEPTOR; CELLS; EPIREGULIN; SPECIFICITY AB Variola, the causative agent of smallpox, is a highly infectious double-stranded DNA virus of the orthopox genus that replicates within the cytoplasm of infected cells. For unknown reasons prominent skin manifestations, including "pox," mark the course of this systemic human disease. Here we characterized smallpox growth factor (SPGF), a protein containing an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain that is conserved among orthopox viral genomes, and investigated its possible mechanistic link. We show that after recombinant expression, refolding, and purification, the EGF domain of SPGF binds exclusively to the broadly expressed cellular receptor, erb-B1 (EGF receptor), with subnanomolar affinity, stimulating the growth of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. High affinity monoclonal antibodies specific for SPGF reveal in vivo immunoprotection in a murine vaccinia pneumonia model by a mechanism distinct from viral neutralization. These findings suggest that blockade of pathogenic factor actions, in general, may be advantageous to the infected host. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol,Lab Immunobiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reinherz, EL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol,Lab Immunobiol, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ellis_reinherz@dfci.harvard.edu RI Reche, Pedro/B-1881-2013 OI Reche, Pedro/0000-0003-3966-5838 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI50900, AI19807]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR35506, P30 AR042689] NR 53 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 11 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 24 BP 25838 EP 25848 DI 10.1074/jbc.M400343200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 826KL UT WOS:000221827900115 PM 15070899 ER PT J AU Tilson, EC Sanchez, V Ford, CL Smurzynski, M Leone, PA Fox, KK Irwin, K Miller, WC AF Tilson, EC Sanchez, V Ford, CL Smurzynski, M Leone, PA Fox, KK Irwin, K Miller, WC TI Barriers to asymptomatic screening and other STD services for adolescents and young adults: focus group discussions SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; CONDOM USE; RISK; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIORS; CLINICS; PATTERNS AB Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major public health problem among young people and can lead to the spread of HIV. Previous studies have primarily addressed barriers to STD care for symptomatic patients. The purpose of our study was to identify perceptions about existing barriers to and ideal services for STDs, especially asymptomatic screening, among young people in a southeastern community. Methods: Eight focus group discussions including 53 White, African American, and Latino youth (age 14-24) were conducted. Results: Perceived barriers to care included lack of knowledge of STDs and available services, cost, shame associated with seeking services, long clinic waiting times, discrimination, and urethral specimen collection methods. Perceived features of ideal STD services included locations close to familiar places, extended hours, and urine-based screening. Television was perceived as the most effective route of disseminating STD information. Conclusions: Further research is warranted to evaluate improving convenience, efficiency, and privacy of existing services; adding urine-based screening and new services closer to neighborhoods; and using mass media to disseminate STD information as strategies to increase STD screening. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Wake Cty Human Serv, Publ Hlth Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27620 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tilson, EC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Rosenau Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM elizabeth.tilson@co.wake.nc.us; vsanchez@email.unc.edu; clford@email.unc.edu; msmurzyn@email.unc.edu; pal007@med.unc.edu; kaf6@cdc.gov; kli1@cdc.gov; Bill_Miller@unc.edu RI Miller, William/H-4800-2014 OI Miller, William/0000-0002-1934-7827 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000046, RR00046] NR 33 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 9 PY 2004 VL 4 AR 21 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-4-21 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 832ES UT WOS:000222250600001 PM 15189565 ER PT J AU Roberts, P Ward, M Baron, RL Humble, W Hadzihasanovic, M Cox, R Tapp, L McCammon, J McCleery, R AF Roberts, P Ward, M Baron, RL Humble, W Hadzihasanovic, M Cox, R Tapp, L McCammon, J McCleery, R TI Carbon monoxide poisonings resulting from open air exposures to operating motorboats - Lake Havasu City, Arizona, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pgs 314-318, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA USA. Havasu Reg Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Lake Havasu City, AZ USA. Banner Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Environm Hlth, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roberts, P (reprint author), Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 9 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 22 BP 2692 EP 2693 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 826XH UT WOS:000221862300009 ER PT J AU Lurie, P Britz, P Bowen, J Tran, P Stafford, H Gillan, YA Bellini, W Rota, P Rota, J Eduardo, E Dayan, G Redd, S Papania, M Seward, J Berry, RJ Yeung, L AF Lurie, P Britz, P Bowen, J Tran, P Stafford, H Gillan, YA Bellini, W Rota, P Rota, J Eduardo, E Dayan, G Redd, S Papania, M Seward, J Berry, RJ Yeung, L TI Measles outbreak in a boarding school - Pennsylvania, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pgs 306-309, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Birth Defects & Dev Disabil Div, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lurie, P (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 9 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 22 BP 2694 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 826XH UT WOS:000221862300010 ER PT J AU Nash, TE Del Brutto, H Butman, JA Corona, T Delgado-Escueta, A Duron, RM Evans, CAW Gilman, RH Gonzalez, AE Loeb, JA Medina, MT Pietsch-Escueta, S Pretell, EJ Takayanagui, OM Theodore, W Tsang, VCW Garcia, HH AF Nash, TE Del Brutto, H Butman, JA Corona, T Delgado-Escueta, A Duron, RM Evans, CAW Gilman, RH Gonzalez, AE Loeb, JA Medina, MT Pietsch-Escueta, S Pretell, EJ Takayanagui, OM Theodore, W Tsang, VCW Garcia, HH TI Calcific neurocysticercosis and epileptogenesis SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID RURAL GUATEMALAN COMMUNITIES; PARTIAL STATUS EPILEPTICUS; TAENIA-SOLIUM TAENIASIS; CT LESIONS; PERILESIONAL GLIOSIS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PARTIAL SEIZURES; INDIAN PATIENTS; EPILEPSY; CYSTICERCOSIS AB Neurocysticercosis is responsible for increased rates of seizures and epilepsy in endemic regions. The most common form of the disease, chronic calcific neurocysticercosis, is the end result of the host's inflammatory response to the larval cysticercus of Taenia solium. There is increasing evidence indicating that calcific cysticercosis is not clinically inactive but a cause of seizures or focal symptoms in this population. Perilesional edema is at times also present around implicated calcified foci. A better understanding of the natural history, frequency, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of calcific cysticercosis and associated disease manifestations is needed to define its importance, treatment, and prevention. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Ctr Clin,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Hosp Clin Kennedy, Dept Neurol Sci, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Inst Nacl Neurol & Neurocirug, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, London SW7 2AZ, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Wayne State Univ, Ctr Mol Med & Genet, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Neurol, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Epilepsy Fdn Amer, Los Angeles, CA USA. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med Riberao Preto, Dept Neurol, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nash, TE (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Ctr Clin,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM tnash@niaid.nih.gov RI Butman, John/A-2694-2008; Takayanagui, Osvaldo/C-8159-2013; OI Takayanagui, Osvaldo/0000-0002-8190-0275; Duron, Reyna M./0000-0002-9425-2289; Butman, John/0000-0002-1547-9195 FU Wellcome Trust [057434] NR 49 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUN 8 PY 2004 VL 62 IS 11 BP 1934 EP 1938 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 827HN UT WOS:000221890400006 PM 15184592 ER PT J AU Hebert, LE Scherr, PA Bennett, DA Bienias, JL Wilson, RS Morris, MC Evans, DA AF Hebert, LE Scherr, PA Bennett, DA Bienias, JL Wilson, RS Morris, MC Evans, DA TI Blood pressure and late-life cognitive function change - A biracial longitudinal population study SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINI-MENTAL-STATE; KUNGSHOLMEN PROJECT; DEMENTIA; ASSOCIATION; PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUALS; COMMUNITY; DECLINE; DISEASE; LEVEL AB Objective: To examine the relation of blood pressure ( BP) to subsequent decline in cognitive function among persons age 65 or over. Methods: All persons age 65 or over in a geographically defined community were invited to participate in a longitudinal study of problems of the elderly. Interviews were conducted in the participants' homes and included two BP measures and four tests of cognitive function. Follow-up interviews 3 and 6 years after baseline repeated the cognitive function tests. These analyses included 4,284 individuals who had baseline and at least one follow-up measure of cognitive function. The average of z scores of the individual cognitive function tests was used as a global measure of cognitive function. Results: In random effects analyses controlling for age, sex, education, and race, there was no significant linear association of either systolic or diastolic BP with 6-year change in global cognitive function score. There was no significant curvilinear association with systolic BP. In tests for a curvilinear association with diastolic BP, there was a suggestion of increased decline among those with low or high diastolic BP (p = 0.03 for the quadratic diastolic term). At baseline, 50% of participants took some type of medication affecting BP. Conclusion: In this community population where BP treatment was common, there was no association of either high systolic or high diastolic BP at the beginning of the observation interval with 6-year cognitive decline. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson Blvd,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Denis_Evans@rsh.net NR 21 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUN 8 PY 2004 VL 62 IS 11 BP 2021 EP 2024 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 827HN UT WOS:000221890400022 PM 15184608 ER PT J AU Tompkins, SM Lo, CY Tumpey, TM Epstein, SL AF Tompkins, SM Lo, CY Tumpey, TM Epstein, SL TI Protection against lethal influenza virus challenge by RNA interference in vivo SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; A VIRUS; HETEROSUBTYPIC IMMUNITY; ADULT MICE; REPLICATION; INHIBITION; INFECTION; SIRNA; DELIVERY AB Influenza virus infection is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Current vaccination strategies and antiviral drugs provide limited protection; therefore, new strategies are needed. RNA interference is an effective means of suppressing virus replication in vitro. Here we demonstrate that treatment with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific for highly conserved regions of the nucleoprotein or acidic polymerase inhibits influenza A virus replication in vivo. Delivery of these siRNAs significantly reduced lung virus titers in infected mice and protected animals from lethal challenge. This protection was specific and not mediated by an antiviral IFN response. Moreover, influenza-specific siRNA treatment was broadly effective and protected animals against lethal challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes. These results indicate that RNA interference is promising for control of influenza virus infection, as well as other viral infections. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Lab Immunol & Dev Biol, Div Cell & Gene Therapies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Epstein, SL (reprint author), US FDA, Lab Immunol & Dev Biol, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Off Cell Tissue & Gene Therapies,Ctr Biol & Evalu, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-730, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM epsteins@cber.fda.gov RI Tompkins, Stephen/A-3317-2008 OI Tompkins, Stephen/0000-0002-1523-5588 NR 36 TC 272 Z9 305 U1 4 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 8 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 23 BP 8682 EP 8686 DI 10.1073/pnas.0402630101 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 829HC UT WOS:000222037000035 PM 15173583 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Slakman, AR Silva, MJ Herbert, AR Needham, LL AF Calafat, AM Slakman, AR Silva, MJ Herbert, AR Needham, LL TI Automated solid phase extraction and quantitative analysis of human milk for 13 phthalate metabolites SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phthalates ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; MALE-RATS; DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; BREAST-MILK AB While the demonstrated benefits associated with breastfeeding are well recognized, breast milk is one possible route of exposure to environmental chemicals. including phthalates, by breastfeeding infants. Because of the potential health impact of phthalates to nursing children. determining whether phthalates are present in breast milk is important. We developed a sensitive method for measuring 13 phthalate metabolites in breast milk using automated solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-negative ion electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. We used D-4-phthalate diesters to unequivocally establish the presence in human breast milk of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the ubiquitous phthalate diesters to their respective monoesters. The analytical method involves acid-denaturation of the enzymes after collection of the milk to avoid hydrolysis of contaminant phthalate diesters introduced during sampling. storage. and analysis. The method shows good reproducibility (average coefficient of variations range between 4 and 27%) and accuracy (spiked recoveries are similar to100%). The detection limits are in the low ng/ml range in 1 ml of breast milk. We detected several phthalate metabolites in pooled human breast milk samples, suggesting that phthalates can be incorporated into breast milk and transferred to the nursing child. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 41 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 10 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 5 PY 2004 VL 805 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.chromb.2004.02.006 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 819JC UT WOS:000221310200008 PM 15113539 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Slakman, AR Reidy, JA Preau, JL Herbert, AR Samandar, E Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Slakman, AR Reidy, JA Preau, JL Herbert, AR Samandar, E Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Analysis of human urine for fifteen phthalate metabolites using automated solid-phase extraction SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phthalate metabolites ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RATS; POPULATION; PERFORMANCE; MONOESTERS; BIOMARKERS; SECONDARY; CHILDREN AB We improved our previous analytical method to measure phthalate metabolites in urine as biomarkers for phthalate exposure by automating the solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure and expanding the analytical capability to quantify four additional metabolites: phthalic acid, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate (miBP), and monomethyl isoplithalate. The method, which involves automated SPE followed by isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). allows for the quantitative measurement of 15 phthalate metabolites in urine with detection limits in the low ng/ml range. SPE automation allowed for the unattended sequential extraction of up to 100 samples at a time, and resulted in an increased sample throughput, lower solvent use. and better reproducibility than the manual SPE. Furthermore, the modified method permitted for the first time, the separation and quantification of mono-n-butyl phthalate (mBP) and its structural isomer miBP. The method was validated on spiked pooled urine samples and on pooled urine samples from persons with no known exposure to phthalates. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 5 PY 2004 VL 805 IS 1 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.02.038 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 819JC UT WOS:000221310200022 PM 15113553 ER PT J AU Andrus, J Tambini, G Kohler, K Ropero, A Castillo, C Landaverde, M Fitzimmons, J Garcia, S Rota, J Rota, P Bellini, W Lievano, F Lee, C Dietz, V AF Andrus, J Tambini, G Kohler, K Ropero, A Castillo, C Landaverde, M Fitzimmons, J Garcia, S Rota, J Rota, P Bellini, W Lievano, F Lee, C Dietz, V TI Progress toward measles elimination - Region of the Americas, 2002-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 304-306, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Family & Community Hlth Area, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Andrus, J (reprint author), Pan Amer Hlth Org, Family & Community Hlth Area, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 21 BP 2535 EP 2537 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825EM UT WOS:000221738800009 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Painter, J Altaf, A Billhimer, WL Hoekstra, RM AF Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Painter, J Altaf, A Billhimer, WL Hoekstra, RM TI Effect of intensive handwashing promotion on childhood diarrhea in high-risk communities in Pakistan - A randomized controlled trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; MORTALITY; BANGLADESH; BACTERIA; CHILDREN; DEATHS; SOAP; MALNUTRITION; IMPACT; INDIA AB Context Washing hands with soap prevents diarrhea, but children at the highest risk of death from diarrhea are younger than 1 year, too young to wash their own hands. Previous studies lacked sufficient power to assess the impact of household handwashing on diarrhea in infants. Objective To evaluate the effect of promoting household handwashing with, soap among children at the highest risk of death from diarrhea. Design, Setting, and Participants A cluster randomized controlled trial of 36 low-income neighborhoods in urban squatter settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. Field workers visited participating households at least weekly from April 15, 2002, to April 5, 2003. Eligible households located in the study area had at least 2 children younger than 15 years, at least 1 of whom was younger than 5 years. Interventions Weekly visits in 25 neighborhoods to promote handwashing with soap after defecation and before preparing food, eating, and feeding a child. Within intervention neighborhoods, 300 households (1523 children) received a regular supply of antibacterial soap and 300 households (1640 children) received plain soap. Eleven neighborhoods (306 households and 1528 children) comprised the control group. Main Outcome Measure Incidence density of diarrhea among children, defined as the number of diarrheal episodes per 100 person-weeks of observation. Results Children younger than 15 years living in households that received handwashing promotion and plain soap had a 53% lower incidence of diarrhea (95% confidence interval [CI], -65% to -41%) compared with children living in control neighborhoods. Infants living in households that received handwashing promotion and plain soap had 39% fewer days with diarrhea (95% CI, -61% to -16%) vs infants living in control neighborhoods. Severely malnourished children (weight forage z score, <-3.0) younger than 5 years living in households that received handwashing promotion and plain soap had 42% fewer days with diarrhea (95% CI, -69% to -16%) vs severely malnourished children in the control group. Similar reductions in diarrhea were observed among children living in households receiving antibacterial soap. Conclusion In a setting in which diarrhea is a leading cause of child death, improvement in handwashing in the household reduced the incidence of diarrhea among children at high risk of death from diarrhea. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sluby@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 21 BP 2547 EP 2554 DI 10.1001/jama.291.21.2547 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825EM UT WOS:000221738800017 PM 15173145 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Eisele, TP Gimnig, JE Alaii, JA Odhiambo, F ter Kuile, FO Hawley, WA Wannemuehler, KA Phillips-Howard, PA Rosen, DH Nahlen, BL Terlouw, DJ Adazu, K Vulule, JM Slutsker, L AF Lindblade, KA Eisele, TP Gimnig, JE Alaii, JA Odhiambo, F ter Kuile, FO Hawley, WA Wannemuehler, KA Phillips-Howard, PA Rosen, DH Nahlen, BL Terlouw, DJ Adazu, K Vulule, JM Slutsker, L TI Sustainability of reductions in malaria transmission and infant mortality in Western Kenya with use of insecticide-treated bednets - 4 to 6 years of follow-up SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BED NETS; CHILD-MORTALITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITO NETS; AREA; MORBIDITY; RESPONSES; EFFICACY; IMPACT AB Context Insecticide-treated bednets reduce malaria transmission and child morbidity and mortality in short-term trials, but this impact may not be sustainable. Previous, investigators have suggested that bednet use might paradoxically increase mortality in older children through delayed acquisition of immunity to malaria. Objectives To determine whether adherence to and public health benefits of insecticide-treated bednets can be sustained over time and whether bednet use during infancy increases all-cause mortality rates in older children in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission. Design and Setting A community randomized controlled trial in western Kenya (phase 1: January 1997 to February 2000) followed by continued surveillance of adherence, entomologic parameters, morbidity indicators, and all-cause mortality (phase 2: April 1999 to February 2002), and extended demographic monitoring (January to December 2002). Participants A total of 130000 residents of 221 villages in Asembo and Gem were randomized to receive insecticide-treated bednets at the start of phase 1 (111 villages) or phase 2 (110 villages). Main Outcome Measures Proportion of children younger than 5 years using insecticide-treated bednets, mean number of Anopheles mosquitoes per house, and all-cause mortality rates. Results Adherence to bednet use in children younger than 5 years increased from 65.9% in phase 1 to 82.5% in phase 2 (P<.001). After 3 to 4 years of bednet use, the mean number of Anopheles mosquitoes per house in the study area was 77% lower than in a neighboring area without bed nets (risk ratio, 0:23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.35). All-cause mortality rates in infants aged 1 to 11 months were significantly reduced in intervention villages during phase 1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90); low rates were maintained during phase 2. Mortality rates did not differ during 2002 (after up to 6 years of bednet use) between children from former intervention and former control households born during phase 1 (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.86-1.19). Conclusions The public health benefits of insecticide-treated bednets were sustained for up to 6 years. There is no evidence that bednet use from birth increases all-cause mortality in older children in an area of intense perennial transmission of malaria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, New Orleans, LA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. CDC, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Lindblade, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM klindblade@kisian.mimcom.net NR 35 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 21 BP 2571 EP 2580 DI 10.1001/jama.291.21.2571 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825EM UT WOS:000221738800020 PM 15173148 ER PT J AU Duggan, C Fontaine, O Pierce, NF Glass, RI Mahalanabis, D Alam, NH Bhan, MK Santosham, M AF Duggan, C Fontaine, O Pierce, NF Glass, RI Mahalanabis, D Alam, NH Bhan, MK Santosham, M TI Scientific rationale for a change in the composition of oral rehydration solution SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLIND CLINICAL-TRIAL; ACUTE DIARRHEA; REDUCED OSMOLARITY; SALT SOLUTION; CHILDREN; THERAPY; CHOLERA; GLUCOSE; EFFICACY; DISEASE C1 Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. WHO, Child & Adolescent Hlth & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Soc Appl Studies, Kolkata, India. ICDDR B, Div Clin Sci, Ctr Hlth & Populat Res B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India. RP Duggan, C (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Gastroenterol & Nutr, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM christopher.duggan@childrens.harvard.edu NR 46 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 21 BP 2628 EP 2631 DI 10.1001/jama.291.21.2628 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 825EM UT WOS:000221738800027 PM 15173155 ER PT J AU Harcourt, JL Anderson, LJ Sullender, W Tripp, RA AF Harcourt, JL Anderson, LJ Sullender, W Tripp, RA TI Pulmonary delivery of respiratory syncytial virus DNA vaccines using macroaggregated albumin particles SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); macroaggregated albumin; vaccination ID FUSION F PROTEIN; BALB/C MICE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; GENETIC IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; AEROSOL DELIVERY; INFECTION; MUCOSAL; PLASMID AB At present there is no safe and effective vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). DNA vaccines encoding RSV surface glycoproteins are one option being examined. Current methods to deliver DNA vaccines generally require repeated high dose intramuscular or intradermal administration for effectiveness. In this study, we examine the efficacy of pulmonary DNA vaccination using low dose DNA vaccines encoding the RSV F glycoprotein conjugated to macroaggregated albumin (MAA-F). Single vaccination of BALB/c mice with 1 mug MAA-F was ineffective, however mice boosted with an additional 1 mug MAA-F, or vaccinated a single time with 10 mug MAA-F, developed substantially improved immunity associated with reduced viral titers, increased anti-F antibody responses, and enhanced Th1 and Th2 intracellular cytokine responses. This Study shows that MAA may be a useful carrier for RSV DNA vaccines. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgt3@cdc.gov OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 17-18 BP 2248 EP 2260 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.050 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 827WY UT WOS:000221935600020 PM 15149784 ER PT J AU Saul, J Moore, J Murphy, ST Miller, LC AF Saul, J Moore, J Murphy, ST Miller, LC TI Relationship violence and women's reactions to male- and female-controlled HIV prevention methods SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; violence; women; female-controlled; condoms ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CONDOM USE; MALE PARTNERS; ACCEPTABILITY; TRANSMISSION; NONOXYNOL-9; MODEL AB This study examined the association of relationship violence and preference for three HIV prevention methods among 104 African American and Hispanic women who were at some risk for heterosexual transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Women completed a brief questionnaire on sexual behaviors and history of relationship violence. All women then watched a video describing three HIV/STD prevention methods ( male condoms, female condoms, and vaginal spermicide) that included a discussion of method effectiveness, how to use each method, and their benefits and limitations. Participants then completed a questionnaire assessing their reactions to each of the three HIV prevention methods discussed in the video. Women in violent relationships indicated less likelihood of using male condoms and greater likelihood of using female-controlled methods, particularly vaginal spermicide, than women in nonviolent relationships. In addition, a higher percentage of women in violent compared to nonviolent relationships expected their partners to prefer the vaginal spermicide and a lower percentage expected partners to prefer male condoms. These data suggest that the current focus on finding alternative HIV prevention methods for women in violent relationships is warranted and that a vaginal microbicidal product may be the preferred alternative for this group of women and their male partners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIPC, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Annenberg Sch Commun, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Saul, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIPC, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jsaul@cdc.gov RI Miller, Lynn/E-8101-2010 OI Miller, Lynn/0000-0003-3379-3564 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 8 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1023/B:AIBE.0000030251.85854.04 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 827ET UT WOS:000221882600010 PM 15187482 ER PT J AU Sy, FS AF Sy, FS TI Editor's notes SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID STATEMENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sy, FS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-67, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fsy@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP III EP IV DI 10.1521/aeap.16.3.iii.35440 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 832MQ UT WOS:000222272000001 ER PT J AU Bertolli, J McNaghten, AD Campsmith, M Lee, LM Leman, R Bryan, RT Buehler, JW AF Bertolli, J McNaghten, AD Campsmith, M Lee, LM Leman, R Bryan, RT Buehler, JW TI Surveillance systems monitoring HIV/AIDS and HIV risk behaviors among American Indians and Alaska natives SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AIDS SURVEILLANCE; DEATH CERTIFICATES; UNITED-STATES; MISCLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIC AB Few published reports describe patterns of occurrence of HIV/AIDS among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people nationally. Data from national surveillance systems were examined to describe the spread of HIV/AIDS and the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors among AI/AN people. These data indicate that HIV/AIDS is a growing problem among AI/AN people and that AI/AN youth and women are particularly vulnerable to the continued spread of HIV infection. C1 CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. CDCP, Off Associate Director Minor Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Bertolli, J (reprint author), CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jbertolli@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 7 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 218 EP 237 DI 10.1521/aeap.16.3.218.35442 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 832MQ UT WOS:000222272000004 PM 15237052 ER PT J AU Kingkeow, D Heilig, CM Costello, C Sennun, S Suriyanon, V Rungruengthanakit, K Taejaroenkul, S Nelson, KE Duerr, A AF Kingkeow, D Heilig, CM Costello, C Sennun, S Suriyanon, V Rungruengthanakit, K Taejaroenkul, S Nelson, KE Duerr, A TI Lymphocyte homeostasis in HIV-infected northern Thais SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID T-CELL HOMEOSTASIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; AIDS; SEROCONVERSION; FAILURE; COHORT; PROGRESSION; THAILAND; ONSET AB Cross-sectional laboratory data were used to model the patterns of total lymphocyte count and lymphocyte subpopulation counts among persons with chronic HIV-1 subtype E (CRF01_AE) infection during the 6.5 years preceding death. The data cover 331 HIV-infected decedents from a heterosexual HIV transmission study of 590 northern Thai couples enrolled in 1992-1998. From blood collected at enrollment, the lymphocyte phenotypes (CD3, CD8, CD4, natural killer, and B cells) were stained using two-color monoclonal antibody combinations and quantified by flow cytometry. Piecewise linear splines modeled the associations between lymphocyte levels and time before death. Mean CD3, CD8, and B cell levels showed no temporal associations from 6.5 to 2 years before death, but each declined significantly during the 2 years before death. CD3 levels declined 31.0% [95% confidence interval (-40.3%, -19.8%)] and CD8 levels declined 24.6% (-35.4%, -13.5%) annually in the 2 years prior to death. In contrast, CD4 and NK cell levels declined little from 6.5 to 4.5 years before death but declined significantly over the 4.5 years prior to death. CD4 levels declined 22.1% (-29.2%, -12.0%) annually from 4.5 to 2 years prior to death and 63.7% (-72.3%, -53.6%) annually over the remaining 2 years. Similar lymphocyte patterns have been reported in U. S. and European populations with HIV-1 subtype B infection. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Med, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. RP Nelson, KE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E7132, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM KENelson@JHSPH.edu RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 636 EP 641 DI 10.1089/0889222041217491 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 833OJ UT WOS:000222347000009 PM 15242540 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Amara, RR McClure, HM Patel, M Sharma, S Yi, H Chennareddi, L Herndon, JG Butera, ST Heneine, W Ellenberger, DL Parekh, B Earl, PL Wyatt, LS Moss, B Robinson, HL AF Smith, JM Amara, RR McClure, HM Patel, M Sharma, S Yi, H Chennareddi, L Herndon, JG Butera, ST Heneine, W Ellenberger, DL Parekh, B Earl, PL Wyatt, LS Moss, B Robinson, HL TI Multiprotein HIV type 1 clade B DNA/MVA vaccine: Construction, safety, and immunogenicity in macaques SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ANKARA BOOST REGIMEN; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; AIDS VACCINE; GAG-POL; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; DISEASE PROGRESSION; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; MUCOSAL CHALLENGE; RHESUS MACAQUES AB Recently, a simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) vaccine consisting of priming with a Gag-Pol-Env-expressing DNA and boosting with a Gag-Pol-Env-expressing recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) has successfully controlled a virulent SHIV challenge in a macaque model. In this, and the accompanying paper, we report on the construction and testing of a Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA vaccine for HIV-1/AIDS. The DNA vaccine, pGA2/JS2, expresses aggregates of Gag proteins and includes safety mutations that render it integration, reverse transcription, and packaging defective. The rMVA vaccine, MVA/HIV 48, is integration and reverse transcription defective and has a truncated Env to enhance expression on the plasma membrane. In a study in rhesus macaques, priming with pGA2/JS2 and boosting with MVA/HIV 48 raised high frequencies of T cells for Gag and Env and lower frequencies of T cells for PR, RT, and Tat. Stimulations with five peptide pools for Gag and seven peptide pools for Env revealed epitopes for cellular immune responses throughout Gag and Env. On average, CD4 T cells from the vaccinated animals recognized 7.1 peptide pools and CD8 T cells, 3.2 peptide pools. Both the height and the breadth of the elicited cellular response provide hope that this multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine will successfully control clade B isolates of HIV-1, as well as contribute to the control of other clades and recombinant forms of HIV-1/AIDS. C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med Electron Microscopy Core, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diaignost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Robinson, HL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM hrobins@rmy.emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI49364]; NIDA NIH HHS [P30 DA 12121] NR 45 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 654 EP 665 DI 10.1089/0889222041217419 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 833OJ UT WOS:000222347000012 PM 15242543 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Keenan, NL Giles, WH Zheng, ZJ Neff, LJ Croft, JB Mensah, GA AF Greenlund, KJ Keenan, NL Giles, WH Zheng, ZJ Neff, LJ Croft, JB Mensah, GA TI Public recognition of major signs and symptoms of heart attack: Seventeen states and the US Virgin Islands, 2001 SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TREATMENT REACT TRIAL; REDUCE PATIENT DELAY; CHEST-PAIN PATIENTS; RAPID EARLY ACTION; COMMUNITY INTERVENTION; HOSPITAL PRESENTATION; UNITED-STATES; TIME; CAMPAIGN AB Background Timely access to emergency cardiac care and survival is partly dependent on early recognition of heart attack symptoms and immediate action by calling emergency services. We assessed public recognition of major heart attack symptoms and knowledge to call 9-1-1 for an acute event. Methods Data are from the 2001. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey. Participants (n = 61,018) in 17 states and the U.S. Virgin Islands indicated whether the following, were heart attack symptoms: pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back; feeling weak, lightheaded, faint; chest pain or discomfort; sudden trouble seeing in 1 or both eyes (false symptom); pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder; shortness of breath. Participants also indicated their first action if someone was having a heart attack. Results Most persons (95%) recognized chest pain as a heart attack symptom. However, only 11% correctly classified all symptoms and knew to call 9-1-1 when someone was having a heart attack. Symptom recognition and the need to call 9-1-1 was lower among men than women, persons of various ethnic groups than whites, younger and older persons than middle-aged persons, and persons with less education. Persons with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, or prior heart attack or stroke were not appreciably more likely to recognize heart attack. symptoms than were persons without these conditions. Conclusions Public health efforts are needed to increase recognition of the major heart attack symptoms in both the general public and groups at high risk for an acute event. C1 CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM keg9@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 39 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 7 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 147 IS 6 BP 1010 EP 1016 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2003.12.036 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 832JE UT WOS:000222263000015 PM 15199349 ER PT J AU Abid, O Galuska, D Kettel-Khan, L Gillespie, C Serdula, M AF Abid, O Galuska, D Kettel-Khan, L Gillespie, C Serdula, M TI Are health care professionals advising obese patients to lose weight? A trend analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800299 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES Okoro, CA Strine, TW Giles, WH Mokdad, AH AF Ajani, UA Ford, ES Okoro, CA Strine, TW Giles, WH Mokdad, AH TI Prevalence of influenza vaccination among people with cardiovascular disease - Behavioral risk factor surveillance system 2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800415 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Pinheiro, GA Wood, JM AF Bang, KM Pinheiro, GA Wood, JM TI Mortality trends in malignant neoplasm of the pleura - United States, 1979-1998. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800311 ER PT J AU Conrey, EJ Welsh, J Sherry, B Rockett, H Mehrle, D Grummer-Strawn, L AF Conrey, EJ Welsh, J Sherry, B Rockett, H Mehrle, D Grummer-Strawn, L TI Association between overweight among low-income preschoolers and fruit and vegetable consumption. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S75 EP S75 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800297 ER PT J AU Coughlin, S Breslau, E Thompson, T Benard, V AF Coughlin, S Breslau, E Thompson, T Benard, V TI Physician recommendation for Papanicolau testing among United States women, 2000. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800033 ER PT J AU Devine, O Berry, RJ Kihlberg, R AF Devine, O Berry, RJ Kihlberg, R TI Misclassification of strong confounders: Artificial reproductive therapy, folic acid and the occurrence of twin births. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800287 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM Morrow, B Cogswell, ME AF Dietz, PM Callaghan, WM Morrow, B Cogswell, ME TI Population-based assessment of the risk of cesarean delivery due to excess pre-pregnancy weight. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S76 EP S76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800302 ER PT J AU Dollard, SC Nelson, KE Ness, PM Stambolis, V Pellett, PE Cannon, MJ AF Dollard, SC Nelson, KE Ness, PM Stambolis, V Pellett, PE Cannon, MJ TI Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) antibodies among cardiac surgery patients before and after blood transfusions received in the 1980S. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800149 ER PT J AU Dong, M Anda, R Felitti, V Williamson, D Dube, S Giles, W AF Dong, M Anda, R Felitti, V Williamson, D Dube, S Giles, W TI Impact of residential mobility during childhood on health in adults: The hidden role in adverse childhood experiences. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S80 EP S80 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800318 ER PT J AU Gilbert, BC Iuliano, A Bensyl, D Carter, M Santelli, J AF Gilbert, BC Iuliano, A Bensyl, D Carter, M Santelli, J TI Contraceptive use by method type among men and women using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800360 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Cheng, Y Cadwell, B Imperatore, P Williams, D Flegal, K Williamson, DF AF Gregg, EW Cheng, Y Cadwell, B Imperatore, P Williams, D Flegal, K Williamson, DF TI Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in the US SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S106 EP S106 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800421 ER PT J AU Hall, IJ Uhler, R Audrain-McGovern, J AF Hall, IJ Uhler, R Audrain-McGovern, J TI Perceived risk and family history of breast cancer in the general population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800152 ER PT J AU Honein, M Rasmussen, S Reefhuis, J Moore, C Romitti, P Correa, A Watkins, M Lammer, E AF Honein, M Rasmussen, S Reefhuis, J Moore, C Romitti, P Correa, A Watkins, M Lammer, E TI Maternal smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, and the risk of oral clefts. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800030 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Beresford, S Wald, N Erickson, JD Rasmussen, SA AF Honein, MA Beresford, S Wald, N Erickson, JD Rasmussen, SA TI The future of folic acid - Beyond a role in the prevention of neural tube defects. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S71 EP S71 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800282 ER PT J AU Iuliano, AD Bensyl, D AF Iuliano, AD Bensyl, D TI Racial differences in contraceptive use among men and women at-risk for a pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800361 ER PT J AU Jain, N Dolan, S Bridges, C Gargiullo, P Copeland, J David, F Kenyan, K Moore, Z Nyquist, AC Alexander, J Todd, J Seward, J AF Jain, N Dolan, S Bridges, C Gargiullo, P Copeland, J David, F Kenyan, K Moore, Z Nyquist, AC Alexander, J Todd, J Seward, J TI 2003-04 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) effectiveness: A cohort study at the children's hospital (TCH), Colorado SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S107 EP S107 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800424 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS AF Kahn, HS TI Estimating adult metabolic risk from a lipid accumulation product. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S14 EP S14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800055 ER PT J AU Kruszon-Moran, D Jumaan, A Seward, J McQuillan, G AF Kruszon-Moran, D Jumaan, A Seward, J McQuillan, G TI US trends in immunity to varicella in the age of vaccination: NHANES III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S32 EP S32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800129 ER PT J AU Legardy, J Macaluso, M Artz, L Brill, I AF Legardy, J Macaluso, M Artz, L Brill, I TI Estimating the effect of a skill-based intervention on consistent condom use among inner-city women through time-dependent, intermediate variables. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800018 ER PT J AU Mohllajee, A Curtis, K Marchbanks, P AF Mohllajee, A Curtis, K Marchbanks, P TI The impact of pregnancy intention on birth outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S88 EP S88 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800350 ER PT J AU Nelson, ZC AF Nelson, ZC TI Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in U.S adults: Results from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800308 ER PT J AU Peterson, CA Dowdle, G Luedtke, PF AF Peterson, CA Dowdle, G Luedtke, PF TI Outbreak of rash among school-age wrestlers in Utah, January 2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S107 EP S107 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800423 ER PT J AU Peterson, CA Keller, P Rolfs, R AF Peterson, CA Keller, P Rolfs, R TI Analysis of the Utah student injury reporting system-1990-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-and-Perinatal-Epidemiologic-Research/37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Pediatr & Perinatal Epidemiol Res, Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDCP, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800183 ER PT J AU Peterson, CA Grey, T Nangle, B Rolfs, R AF Peterson, CA Grey, T Nangle, B Rolfs, R TI Drug poisoning-related deaths-Utah, 1992-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-and-Perinatal-Epidemiologic-Research/37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Pediatr & Perinatal Epidemiol Res, Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800181 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Honein, M Rasmussen, S Correa, A Hobbs, C Scheuerle, A Schieve, L AF Reefhuis, J Honein, M Rasmussen, S Correa, A Hobbs, C Scheuerle, A Schieve, L TI Assisted reproductive techniques and the risk of oral clefts: Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800029 ER PT J AU Reeves, WC Whistler, T Unger, ER Nisenbaum, R Vernon, SD AF Reeves, WC Whistler, T Unger, ER Nisenbaum, R Vernon, SD TI Gene expression patterns distinguish subtypes of chronic fatigue syndrome. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800024 ER PT J AU Reynolds, M Schieve, L AF Reynolds, M Schieve, L TI Have recent changes in embryo transfer practices reduced the risk for multiple births associated with in vitro fertilization? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S108 EP S108 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800427 ER PT J AU Ruder, AM Hein, MJ Nilsen, N Waters, MA Laber, P Davis-King, K Prince, MM Whelan, E AF Ruder, AM Hein, MJ Nilsen, N Waters, MA Laber, P Davis-King, K Prince, MM Whelan, E TI Mortality patterns in Indiana workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800078 ER PT J AU Schieve, L Martin, J Kurinczuk, J Buck, G AF Schieve, L Martin, J Kurinczuk, J Buck, G TI The impact of infertility and assisted reproductive technologies on child outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S30 EP S30 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800119 ER PT J AU Whitehead, NS Callaghan, W Johnson, C Williams, L AF Whitehead, NS Callaghan, W Johnson, C Williams, L TI Maternal morbidity surveillance: Comparing hospital discharge data, birth certificates and confidential questionnaires. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800345 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Abelman, S Fassett, E Stone, C Petrini, J Damus, K Mulinare, J AF Williams, JL Abelman, S Fassett, E Stone, C Petrini, J Damus, K Mulinare, J TI Nationwide survey of folic acid knowledge and practices among health care providers, 2002-2003. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800027 ER PT J AU Williamson, D Henry, J Indian, R Lynch, S Marrie, RA Neuberger, J Noonan, C Schiffer, R Trottier, J Wagner, L AF Williamson, D Henry, J Indian, R Lynch, S Marrie, RA Neuberger, J Noonan, C Schiffer, R Trottier, J Wagner, L TI Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in three geographic areas in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800230 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Khoury, MJ Friedman, JM Flanders, WD AF Yang, Q Khoury, MJ Friedman, JM Flanders, WD TI How many genes does it take to make an appreciable population attributable fraction of a common disease? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-18, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 SU S BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826GH UT WOS:000221816800242 ER PT J AU Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Kaye, WE AF Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Kaye, WE TI Surveillance of hazardous materials events in 17 states, 1993-2001: A report from the hazardous substances emergency events surveillance (HSEES) system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hazardous materials releases; industry categories; HazMat trends; prevention strategies AB Background Thousands of acute hazardous materials (HazMat) releases occur annually throughout the United States. To prevent human exposure and resulting injuries, it is critical to understand the frequency with which these releases occur, the locations involved, the industries associated, and the specific substances being released. Methods HazMat events data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed for frequency and locations of occurrence, major industry categories and sub-categories involved, and substances released. The data analyzed were collected from 17 participating state health departments for 1993 through 2001. Results During 1993 through 2001, 53,142 HazMat events occurred. Of the 17 states analyzed, Texas had the most releases, comprising 38.3% of all HSEES events. Of the 14 major US Census industry categories analyzed, the manufacturing category had the highest percentage of events (48.7%) followed by transportation, communication, and other public utilities (27.5%). Of the 10 states that participated during the entire analysis period, the numbers of events increased 64.3%. Twelve of 14 major industrial categories experienced increases in numbers of events over the analysis period, while public administration and active duty military events decreased. The substances released most frequently overall included ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid, respectively. Conclusions The HSEES data appear to reflect an upward trend in the occurrence of hazardous HazMat events. While it is difficult to definitively conclude whether this trend is due to more events actually occurring or from other factors, reviewing historical HazMat data may help communities, government agencies, and industries prevent or better prepare for potential events in the future. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Horton, DK (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dhorton@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1002/ajim.20014 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824TG UT WOS:000221708900007 PM 15164398 ER PT J AU Okun, A Cooper, G Bailer, AJ Bena, J Stayner, L AF Okun, A Cooper, G Bailer, AJ Bena, J Stayner, L TI Trends in occupational lead exposure since the 1978 OSHA lead standard SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lead; exposure; OSHA; regulation; inspection; consultation; trends ID UNITED-STATES INDUSTRY AB Background The purpose of the study was to evaluate trends in occupational lead exposures throughout U.S. industry after the establishment of the general industry lead standard in 1978 and the construction industry standard in 1993. Methods Lead exposure measurements collected by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under their compliance and consultation programs were analyzed. Time trends in the distributions of exposure levels were evaluated graphically. Trends in the proportion of exposures above the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results The distribution of lead exposure levels declined over the study time period for general industry, but not for construction. The median exposure levels for general industry facilities decreased five- to tenfold. Logistic regression models reveal statistically significant declines in the odds of a lead exposure exceeding the PEL. Conclusions This study provides evidence for relatively large decreases in lead exposure levels in general industry facilities over time. The study does not provide similar evidence for the construction industry. Given the limited number of years of data available since the implementation of the revised construction standard for lead, re-analysis of lead exposure levels within this industry would be worthwhile when more data become available. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Illinois, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. RP Okun, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM AH01@cdc.gov RI Cooper, Gregory/D-6914-2011 OI Cooper, Gregory/0000-0001-5509-9923 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 558 EP 572 DI 10.1002/ajim.20008 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824TG UT WOS:000221708900009 PM 15164400 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Galuska, DA Serdula, MK Jones, DA AF Kruger, J Galuska, DA Serdula, MK Jones, DA TI Attempting to lose weight - Specific practices among US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE AB Background: Americans spend over $33 billion annually on weight-loss products and services. Although weight-control methods are of considerable public health interest, few national data on weight-loss practices are available. This paper examines the prevalence of specific weight-loss practices among U.S. adults trying to lose weight. Methods: Data from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey, which was conducted through face-to-face interviews of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (n = 32,440), were analyzed in 2003. Results: Twenty-four percent of men and 38% of women were trying to lose weight. Attempting weight loss was less common among normal weight (body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m(2)) people (6% men, 24% women) than overweight (BMI &GE; 25 to 30 kg/m(2)) people (28%, 49%) or obese (BMI 30 kg/m(2)) people (50%, 58%). Among those trying to lose weight, the most common strategies were eating fewer calories (58% men, 63% women); eating less fat (49%, 56%); and exercising more (54%, 52%). Less frequent strategies were skipping meals (11% men, 9% women); eating food supplements (5%, 6%); joining a weight-loss program (3%, 5%); taking diet pills (2%, 3%); taking water pills or diuretics (1%, 2%); or fasting for &GE;24 hours (0.6%, 0.7%). Only one third of all those trying to lose weight reported eating fewer calories and exercising More. Conclusions: Increased efforts are needed among all those trying to lose weight to promote effective strategies for weight loss, including the use of calorie reduction and increased physical activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ezk0@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 173 Z9 176 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 5 BP 402 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2004.02.001 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 824IU UT WOS:000221680800004 PM 15165656 ER PT J AU Barker, LE Chu, SY Smith, PJ AF Barker, LE Chu, SY Smith, PJ TI Disparities in immunizations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lsb8@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 906 EP 906 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.906 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824WK UT WOS:000221717700003 PM 15249284 ER PT J AU Bernier, R Midthun, K AF Bernier, R Midthun, K TI Getting the science right and doing the right science in vaccine safety SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material AB Because of the potential for conflicts of interest, Salmon et al. propose in this issue the creation of an independent vaccine safety board to assume responsibility for, assessing the safety of licensed vaccines. We believe that the current system at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) facilitates needed interactions between those involved in risk assessment and risk management, provides substantial safeguards against conflicts of interest, and results in sound decisions. The CDC, given its role in promoting immunization, may be perceived to have a greater potential conflict and plans to review its vaccine safety activities. Both agencies recognize the importance of transparency in considering vaccine safety and welcome the opportunity to work with the public and the medical community to improve the quality of scientific information and decisionmaking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Bernier, R (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rbernier@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 914 EP 917 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.914 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824WK UT WOS:000221717700010 PM 15249288 ER PT J AU Chu, SY Barker, LE Smith, PJ AF Chu, SY Barker, LE Smith, PJ TI Racial/ethnic disparities in preschool immunizations: United States. 1996-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION-COVERAGE; INNER-CITY; CHILDREN; RATES; INFANTS; PROGRAM; IMPACT; WOMEN AB Objectives. We examined current racial/ethnic differences in immunization coverage rates among US preschool children. Methods. Using National Immunization Survey data from 1996 through 2001, we compared vaccination coverage rates between non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian preschool children. Results. During the 6-year study period, the immunization coverage gap between White and Black children widened by an average of 1.1% each year, and the gap between White and Hispanic children widened by an average of 0.5% each year. The gap between White and Asian children narrowed by an average of 0.8% each year. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities in preschool immunization coverage rates have increased significantly among some groups; critical improvements in identifying, understanding, and addressing race/ethnicity-specific health care differences are needed to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating disparities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chu, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-5, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM syc1@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 973 EP 977 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.973 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824WK UT WOS:000221717700022 PM 15249301 ER PT J AU Averhoff, F Linton, L Peddecord, KM Edwards, C Wang, W Fishbein, D AF Averhoff, F Linton, L Peddecord, KM Edwards, C Wang, W Fishbein, D TI A middle school immunization law rapidly and substantially increases immunization coverage among adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID B VACCINATION PROGRAM; CHILDREN AB Objectives. This study assessed the effectiveness of a middle school vaccination requirement for raising second-dose measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine coverage among adolescents. Methods. Random-digit-dialed telephone surveys were conducted before (1998) and after (1999) the implementation of a vaccination requirement for entry into the seventh grade in San Diego, Calif. Results. Vaccination coverage was higher among children subject to the vaccination requirement (seventh-grade students; 60%) than among fifth- and sixth-grade students 1 year before the requirement (13%, P<.001), and 8th- through 12th-grade students not subject to the requirement (27%, P<.0001). Conclusions. Middle school-entry vaccination requirements can rapidly and substantially raise vaccination coverage among students subject to the law. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy Cty San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Averhoff, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fma0@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 978 EP 984 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.978 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824WK UT WOS:000221717700023 PM 15249302 ER PT J AU Bialek, SR Thoroughman, DA Hu, D Simard, EP Chattin, J Cheek, J Bell, BP AF Bialek, SR Thoroughman, DA Hu, D Simard, EP Chattin, J Cheek, J Bell, BP TI Hepatitis a incidence and hepatitis a vaccination among American Indians and Alaska natives, 1990-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK AB Objectives. We assessed the effect on trends in hepatitis A incidence of the 1996 recommendation for routine hepatitis A vaccination of American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) children. Methods. We examined trends in hepatitis A incidence among AIAN peoples during 1990-2001 and vaccination coverage levels among children on the largest American Indian reservation. Results. Hepatitis A rates among AIANs declined 20-fold during 1997-2001. Declines in hepatitis A incidence occurred among AIANs in reservation and metropolitan areas. Among 1956 children living on the Navajo Nation whose medical records were reviewed, 1508 (77.1%) had received at least one dose of hepatitis A vaccine, and 1020 (52.1%) had completed the vaccine series. Conclusions. Hepatitis A rates among AIAN peoples have declined dramatically coincident with implementation of routine hepatitis A vaccination of AIAN children. C1 Tuba City Indian Med Ctr, Indian Hlth Serv, Tuba City, AZ USA. Natl Epidemiol Program, Indian Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Bialek, SR (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mail Stop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zqg7@cdc.gov RI Simard, Edgar/G-4552-2010 OI Simard, Edgar/0000-0001-8093-2067 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 996 EP 1001 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.996 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824WK UT WOS:000221717700026 PM 15249305 ER PT J AU Serdula, MK Gillespie, C Kettel-Khan, L Farris, R Seymour, J Denny, C AF Serdula, MK Gillespie, C Kettel-Khan, L Farris, R Seymour, J Denny, C TI Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in the united States: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1994-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. We examined trends in fruit and vegetable consumption in the United States. Methods. A 6-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess consumption among 434121 adults in 49 states and the District of Columbia who were sampled in random-digit-dialed telephone surveys administered in 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. Results. Although the geometric mean frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption declined slightly, the proportion of respondents consuming fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day did not change. With the exception of the group aged 18 to 24 years, which experienced a 3-percentage-point increase, little change was seen among sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions. Frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption changed little from 1994 to 2000. If increases are to be achieved, additional efforts and new strategies will be needed. C1 Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Serdula, MK (reprint author), Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Chron Dis Prevent Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mks1@cdc.gov OI Gillespie, Cathleen/0000-0003-1878-1055 NR 21 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1018 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.1014 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824WK UT WOS:000221717700029 PM 15249308 ER PT J AU Mays, GR Halverson, PK Baker, EL Stevens, R Vann, JJ AF Mays, GR Halverson, PK Baker, EL Stevens, R Vann, JJ TI Availability and perceived effectiveness of public health activities in the nation's most populous communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MANAGED CARE PLANS; ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; BIOTERRORISM; DEPARTMENTS; PREVENTION; THREAT; REFORM; STATE AB Objectives. We examined the availability and perceived effectiveness of 20 basic public health activities in the communities where most Americans reside. Methods. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the 497 directors of US local health departments serving at least 100000 residents. Results. On average, two thirds of the 20 public health activities were performed in the local jurisdictions surveyed, and the perceived effectiveness rating averaged 35% of the maximum possible. In multivariate models, availability of public health activities varied significantly according to population size, socioeconomic measures, local health department spending, and presence of local boards of health. Conclusions. Local public health capacity varies widely across the nation's most populous communities, highlighting the need for targeted improvement efforts. C1 Math Policy Res, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Mays, GR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 4301 W Markham 820, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM MaysGlenP@uams.edu NR 57 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1026 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.1019 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824WK UT WOS:000221717700030 PM 15249309 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Hu, S Walker, J AF Steenland, K Hu, S Walker, J TI All-cause and cause-specific mortality by socioeconomic status among employed persons in 27 US states, 1984-4997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; RISK-FACTORS; TRENDS; MEN; CANCER; MORBIDITY; RATES AB Objectives. We investigated mortality differences according to socioeconomic status (SES) for employed persons in 27 states during 1984-1997. Methods. SES was determined for persons aged 35-64 years according to the "usual occupation" listed on their death certificates. We used US Census denominator data. Results. For all-cause mortality, rate ratios from lowest to highest SES quartile for men and women were 2.02, 1.69, 1.25, and 1.00 and 1.29, 1.01, 1.07, and 1.00, respectively. Percentage of all deaths attributable to being in the lowest 3 SES quartiles was 27%. Inverse SES gradients were strong for most major causes of death except breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Heart disease mortality for highest and lowest SES quartiles dropped 45% and 25%, respectively, between 1984 and 1997. Conclusions. Mortality differences by SES were sustained through the 1990s and are increasing for men. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Ave, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM nsteenl@sph.emory.edu NR 39 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.1037 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824WK UT WOS:000221717700033 PM 15249312 ER PT J AU Weiner, M Bock, N Peloquin, CA Burman, WJ Khan, A Vernon, A Zhao, Z Weis, S Sterling, TR Hayden, K Goldberg, S AF Weiner, M Bock, N Peloquin, CA Burman, WJ Khan, A Vernon, A Zhao, Z Weis, S Sterling, TR Hayden, K Goldberg, S CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Pharmacokinetics of rifapentine at 600, 900, and 1,200 mg during once-weekly tuberculosis therapy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pharmacokinetics; rifapentine; treatment; tuberculosis ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; CONTINUATION PHASE; RIFAMPICIN; REGIMENS; TRIAL AB The pharmacokinetics of rifapentine at 600, 900, and 1,200 mg were studied during once-weekly continuation phase therapy in 35 patients with tuberculosis. Mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) increased significantly with dose (rifapentine AUC(0-infinity): 296, 410, and 477 mug (.) hour/ml at 600, 900, and 1,200 mg, respectively; p = 0.02 by linear regression). In multivariate stepwise regression analyses, AUC(0-infinity) values for rifapentine and the active 25-desacetyl metabolite were associated with drug dose and plasma albumin concentration, and were lower among men and among white individuals. Fifty-four percent of patients had total (free and protein-bound) plasma concentrations of rifapentine and of desacetyl rifapentine detected for more than 36 hours after clearance of concurrently administered isoniazid. Serious adverse effects of therapy in these study patients were infrequent (11 of 35 cases; 3%) and not linked with higher rifapentine AUC(0-infinity) or peak concentration. The present pharmacokinetic study supports further trials to determine the optimal rifapentine dose for treatment of tuberculosis. C1 S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Weiner, M (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Dept Med, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM weiner@uthscsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346] NR 23 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 1191 EP 1197 DI 10.1164/rccm.200311-1612OC PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 824HN UT WOS:000221677400007 PM 14962821 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Roberts, JM AF Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Roberts, JM TI A retrospective examination of the effect of fever and microgametocyte count on mosquito infection on humans infected with Plasmodium vivax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TROPHOZOITE-INDUCED INFECTIONS; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; FALCIPARUM; GAMETOCYTES; DYNAMICS; MALARIA; MODEL AB A retrospective examination was made of archival data collected between 1940 and 1963 on the infection of mosquitoes with the St. Elizabeth strain of Plasmodium vivax. Patients were undergoing malariatherapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis. A total of 845 lots of Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes were fed during primary infections and 76 during secondary infections. Average percentage infection during the primary infection was 56.55% versus 49.83% during the secondary infection. There appeared to be no relationship between microgametocye density, asexual parasite count, and percentage infection. However, very high fevers appear to have a significant effect on infection rates. Persons with fever greater than or equal to 105degreesF showed the lowest rates of infectivity regardless of parasitemia; persons with moderate (101-104.8degreesF) fever produced somewhat higher rates, and persons with no fever had the highest levels of infection at all parasitemia levels greater than 1,500/muL. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA USA. EM wect@cdc.gov; jmrl@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 638 EP 641 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 831IK UT WOS:000222187900010 PM 15211005 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Roberts, JM AF Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Roberts, JM TI A retrospective examination of reinfection of humans with Plasmodium vivax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TROPHOZOITE-INDUCED INFECTIONS; BLOOD-STAGE DYNAMICS; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; FALCIPARUM; GAMETOCYTES; MALARIA; MODEL AB A retrospective examination was made of archival data collected between 1940 and 1963 to determine the impact of reinfection of patients with Plasmodium vivax with homologous and heterologous strains of the parasite. Following reinfection of 14 patients with a homologous strain, the geometric mean maximum parasite count was reduced from 9,101/muL during the primary infection to 998/muL and the geometric mean daily parasite count for the first 20 days was reduced from 923/muL to 16/muL. Following reinfection of 22 patients with heterologous strains of P. vivax, the geometric mean maximum parasite count was 8,460/muL during the primary infection versus a secondary level of 9,196/muL and the geometric mean daily parasite count decreased from 847/muL/day to 335/muL/day. Reductions in fever episodes greater than or equal to 101degreesF and greater than or equal to 104degreesF appeared to be a more sensitive measure of clinical immunity. Fever episodes greater than or equal to 104degreesF in patients with homologous strain reinfections decreased from 1.92 episodes per week to 0.18 compared with 1.24 to 0.57 in patients with heterologous infections. Fever episodes greater than or equal to 101degreesF decreased from 2.98 to 0.60 in the homologous strain compared with 2.08 to 1.07 for the heterologous infections. The average maximum fever temperature in the homologous group was 106degreesF during the primary infection versus 103.4degreesF for the secondary infection compared with 105.8degreesF during the primary infections versus 105.6degreesF for the secondary infection in the heterologous patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wecl@cdc.gov; jmr1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 642 EP 644 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 831IK UT WOS:000222187900011 PM 15211006 ER PT J AU Murdoch, DR Woods, CW Zimmerman, MD Dull, PM Belbase, RH Keenan, AJ Scott, RM Basnyat, B Archibald, LK Reller, LB AF Murdoch, DR Woods, CW Zimmerman, MD Dull, PM Belbase, RH Keenan, AJ Scott, RM Basnyat, B Archibald, LK Reller, LB TI The etiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the International-Society-of-Travel-Medicine CY MAY 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Int Soc Travel Med ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; MURINE TYPHUS; CIPROFLOXACIN TREATMENT; LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; TYPHOID-FEVER; INDIA; RICKETTSIAE; PARATYPHI AB In Nepal, many infections remain poorly characterized, partly due to limited diagnostic facilities. We studied consecutive febrile adults presenting to a general hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of the 876 patients enrolled, enteric fever and pneumonia were the most common clinical diagnoses. Putative pathogens were identified in 323 (37%) patients, the most common being Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A (117), Rickettsia typhi (97), Streptococcus pneumoniae (53), Leptospira spp. (36), and Orientia tsutsugamushi (28). Approximately half of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid. No clinical predictors were identified to reliably distinguish between the different infections. These findings confirm the heavy burden of enteric fever and pneumonia in Kathmandu, and highlight the importance of murine typhus, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis. Given the lack of reliable clinical predictors, the development of cheap and accurate diagnostic tests are likely to be of great clinical utility in this setting. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Pathol, Christchurch Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand. Canterbury Hlth Labs, Microbiol Unit, Christchurch, New Zealand. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Patan Hosp, Kathmandu, Nepal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Armed Forces Res Inst, Med Sci Res Unit, Field Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Murdoch, DR (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Pathol, Christchurch Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM david.murdoch@cdhb.govt.nz NR 44 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 670 EP 675 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 831IK UT WOS:000222187900017 PM 15211012 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Smith, JP Sammons, DL MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Robertson, SK Snawder, JE AF Biagini, RE Smith, JP Sammons, DL MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Robertson, SK Snawder, JE TI Development of a sensitivity enhanced multiplexed fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (FCMIA) for the measurement of glyphosate, atrazine and metolachlor mercapturate in water and urine SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; luminex; glyphosate; atrazine; metolachlor mercapturate ID COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HERBICIDE ALACHLOR; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; IMMUNOASSAY; QUANTIFICATION; CHLORPYRIFOS; VALIDATION; ANTIBODIES AB Body burdens from exposures to pesticides may be estimated from urinary analyses of pesticide parent/metabolite concentrations. Pesticide applicators and others are often exposed to numerous unrelated pesticides, either sequentially or simultaneously. Classically, body burdens of pesticides are analyzed using chemical/instrumental analysis (CIM) or enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Both of these technologies can usually be used to quantitate one analyte (or closely related groups of analytes) per analysis. Alternatively, multiple analytes can be measured simultaneously using a multiplexed fluorescence covalent microbead immunoassay (FCMIA). We developed a multiplexed FCMIA to simultaneously measure glyphosate (Gly), atrazine (Atz), and metolachlor mercapturate (MM) in water and urine. The assay had least detectable doses (LDDs) in water/diluted urine of 0.11/0.09 ng/ml (Gly, water/urine LDD), 0.10/0.07 ng/ml (Atz), and 0.09/0.03 ng/ml (MM). The sensitivity for the measurement of Gly was enhanced by derivatization. All assays gave linear responses from the LDDs for each respective pesticide to 300 ng/ml. There was no cross-reactivity between the three analytes. Using a 96-well microplate and an autosampler, as many as 288 separate analyses can be completed in similar to120 min with precision, sensitivity, and specificity equivalent to, if not better, than that found when these same analytes are measured by CIM or EIA. C1 NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM reb4@cdc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02 ES 10189] NR 29 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 379 IS 3 BP 368 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s00216-004-2628-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 824GJ UT WOS:000221674100014 PM 15118800 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE MacKenzie, BA Sammons, DL Smith, JP Striley, CAF Robertson, SK Snawder, JE AF Biagini, RE MacKenzie, BA Sammons, DL Smith, JP Striley, CAF Robertson, SK Snawder, JE TI Evaluation of the prevalence of antiwheat-, anti-flour dust, and anti-alpha-amylase specific IgE antibodies in US blood donors SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORK-RELATED SYMPTOMS; BAKERS ASTHMA; WHEAT-FLOUR; BAKING INDUSTRY; CEREAL WORKERS; LATEX ALLERGY; SENSITIZATION; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; RESPONSES AB Background: Asthma in bakery workers is one of the most frequently occurring forms of occupational asthma in the world. Experience from other countries has shown the prevalence of sensitization (IgE) to bakery-associated allergens (BAAs) (wheat [W], flour dust [FD], alpha-amylase [AA]) in bakery workers to be 5% to 53%, whereas the prevalence in nonoccupationally exposed individuals was estimated to be 1.2% to 6.4%. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of BAA sensitization by measuring BAA specific IgE in the residual serum tubes of volunteer blood donors. Methods: Serum samples from 534 volunteer blood donors were measured for anti-W, anti-FD, and anti-AA specific IgE antibodies (in duplicate) using the AlaSTAT microplate assay. Samples with BAA IgE concentrations of 0.35 kU/L or greater were considered positive. Results: Nineteen of 530 serum samples (3.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3%-3.9%) were positive for W (range, 0.38-3.61 kU/L), whereas 31 of 534 (5.8%; 95% CI, 5.3%-6.3%) were positive for FD (range, 0.35-2.34 kU/L) and 5 of 529 (1.0%; 95% CI, 0.9%-1.1%) were positive for AA (range, 0.38-1.59 kU/L). Thirteen serum samples were positive for both W and FD; I sample each was positive for W and AA and FD and AA. Conclusions: The prevalence of IgE sensitization in serum samples from a relatively large unselected population of volunteer blood donors is 1.0% for AA, 3.6% for W, and 5.8% for FD, which agrees well with data from other countries for sensitization prevalence rates for nonoccupationally exposed individuals. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol,Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol,Biol Monitoring Lab Sect, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Robert A Taft Labs, MS C-26,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rbiagini@cdc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02ES10189] NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 92 IS 6 BP 649 EP 653 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 830KS UT WOS:000222121500012 PM 15239172 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW McMahon, BJ Butler, JC AF Hennessy, TW McMahon, BJ Butler, JC TI Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori resistance - Response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 11 BP 931 EP 931 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824IS UT WOS:000221680600013 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F Jack, L AF Vinicor, F Jack, L TI 25 years and counting: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies opportunities and challenges for diabetes prevention and control SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; MELLITUS; ADULTS C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Woodcock Blvd,Room 2044, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM FVinicor@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 11 BP 943 EP 944 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824IS UT WOS:000221680600024 PM 15172918 ER PT J AU Engelgau, MM Geiss, LS Saaddine, JB Boyle, JP Benjamin, SM Gregg, EW Tierney, EF Rios-Burrows, N Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Imperatore, G Narayan, KMV AF Engelgau, MM Geiss, LS Saaddine, JB Boyle, JP Benjamin, SM Gregg, EW Tierney, EF Rios-Burrows, N Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Imperatore, G Narayan, KMV TI The evolving diabetes burden in the United States SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; US ADULTS; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; CLASSIFICATION; COMPLICATIONS AB A diabetes epidemic emerged during the 20th century and continues unchecked into the 21st century. it has already taken an extraordinary toll on the U.S. population through its acute and chronic complications, disability, and premature death. Trend data suggest that the burden will continue to increase. Efforts to prevent or delay the complications of diabetes or, better yet, to prevent or delay the development of diabetes itself are urgently needed. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Engelgau, MM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mxe1@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 47 TC 359 Z9 371 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 11 BP 945 EP 950 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824IS UT WOS:000221680600025 PM 15172919 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF Vinicor, F Bowman, BA AF Williamson, DF Vinicor, F Bowman, BA CA Centers Dis Cotrol Prevent TI Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by lifestyle intervention: Implications for health policy SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; US POPULATION; ADULTS; PREVALENCE; PROMOTION; PROGRAM; IMPACT; BURDEN AB More than 18 million Americans currently have diabetes mellitus. The economic and human cost of the disease is devastating. In the United States, diabetes is the most common cause of blindness among working-age adults, the most common cause of nontraumatic amputations and end-stage renal disease, and the sixth most common cause of death. For the cohort of Americans born in 2000, the estimated lifetime risk for diabetes is more than 1 in 3. In the next 50 years, the number of diagnosed cases of diabetes is predicted to increase by 165% in the United States, with the largest relative increases seen among African Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asian and Pacific islanders, and Hispanic/Latino persons. Compelling scientific evidence indicates that lifestyle change prevents or delays the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk groups. This body of evidence from randomized, controlled trials conducted in 3 countries has definitively established that maintenance of modest weight loss through diet and physical activity reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk persons by about 40% to 60% over 3 to 4 years. The number of persons at high risk for type 2 diabetes is similar to the number of persons who have diabetes. This paper summarizes scientific evidence supporting lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes and discusses major policy challenges to broad implementation of lifestyle intervention in the health system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bowman, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 55 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 11 BP 951 EP 957 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824IS UT WOS:000221680600026 PM 15172920 ER PT J AU Narayan, V Benjamin, E Gregg, EW Norris, SL Engelgau, MM AF Narayan, V Benjamin, E Gregg, EW Norris, SL Engelgau, MM TI Diabetes translation research: Where are we and where do we want to be? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL; QUALITY-OF-CARE; GENERAL-PRACTICE; COMPLEXITY SCIENCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; CLINICAL CARE; MANAGED CARE AB Translation research transforms currently available knowledge into useful measures for everyday clinical and public health practice. We review the progress in diabetes translation research and identify future challenges and opportunities in this field. Several promising interventions to optimize implementation of efficacious diabetes treatments are available. Many of these interventions, singly or in combination, need to be more formally tested in larger randomized or quasi-experimental practical trials using outcomes of special interest to patients (for example, patient satisfaction and quality of life) and policymakers (for example, cost and cost-effectiveness). The long-term outcomes (such as morbidity, mortality, quality of life, and costs) of strategies aimed at improving diabetes care must be assessed. Translation research also needs to incorporate ways of studying complex systems of care. The challenges and opportunities offered by translation research are tremendous. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Narayan, V (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 11 BP 958 EP 963 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824IS UT WOS:000221680600027 ER PT J AU Jack, L Liburd, L Spencer, T Airhihenbuwa, CO AF Jack, L Liburd, L Spencer, T Airhihenbuwa, CO TI Understanding the environmental issues in diabetes self-management education research: A reexamination of 8 studies in community-based settings SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-AMERICANS; HEALTH-PROMOTION; INTERVENTIONS; OUTCOMES; NIDDM; INITIATIVES; FRAMEWORK; FAMILIES; EXERCISE; SUPPORT AB Eight studies included in a recent systematic review of the efficacy of diabetes self-management education were qualitatively reexamined to determine the presence of theoretical frameworks, methods used to ensure cultural appropriateness, and the quality of the instrument. Theoretical frameworks that help to explain complex pathways that produce health outcomes were lacking; culture indices were not incorporated into diabetes self-management education; and the instruments used to measure outcomes were inadequate. We provide recommendations to improve research on diabetes self-management education in community settings through use of a contextual framework that encourages targeting multiple levels of influence-individual, family, organizational, community, and policy. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jack, L (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ljack@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 11 BP 964 EP 971 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824IS UT WOS:000221680600028 PM 15172922 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Engelgau, MM Norris, SL Gregg, EW Narayan, V AF Zhang, P Engelgau, MM Norris, SL Gregg, EW Narayan, V TI Application of economic analysis to diabetes and diabetes care SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS; PREVENTION; MELLITUS; GUIDELINES; BENEFITS; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; COMPLICATIONS; RETINOPATHY AB Facing limited resources and increases in demand from competing programs, policymakers and health care providers seek guidance from economic studies on how to use health care resources wisely. Previous economic studies mainly focused on estimating the cost of diabetes and cost-effectiveness of different interventions. These studies found that diabetes is costly and that its cost will continue to increase; thus, more resources should be devoted to research aimed at finding effective means to prevent the disease and its complications. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of interventions varies greatly in terms of quality-adjusted life-years gained; therefore, efficient uses of resources should be an important consideration when interventions are prioritized. The need for economic studies will continue to grow because of increasing demand for limited resources from the growing number of interventions available. Future studies should be of better quality and broadened in areas of research. C1 CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM paz2@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 11 BP 972 EP 977 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824IS UT WOS:000221680600029 PM 15172923 ER PT J AU Murphy, D Chapel, T Clark, C AF Murphy, D Chapel, T Clark, C TI Moving diabetes care from science to practice: The evolution of the national diabetes prevention and control program SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-PROMOTION; MELLITUS; COMPLICATIONS; RISK; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION; PEOPLE; POLICY; US AB The National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program has a dynamic and evolving scientific foundation. This article describes this program and how seminal research studies provide an impetus for its public health policy and programs. The charge and challenges of integrating science into past, current, and future program designs are detailed, as are the program's accomplishments. Areas requiring new science are explored, including better research to translate new findings into clinical and public health practice and models to evaluate the effect of public health on improved outcomes. The epidemic of diabetes and its increasing burden on public health demands a better understanding of existing science and its limitations and informed public dialogue and policy responses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murphy, D (reprint author), MPH, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MSK-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 11 BP 978 EP 984 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824IS UT WOS:000221680600030 PM 15172924 ER PT J AU Petersen, JM Schriefer, ME Gage, KL Montenieri, JA Carter, LG Stanley, M Chu, MC AF Petersen, JM Schriefer, ME Gage, KL Montenieri, JA Carter, LG Stanley, M Chu, MC TI Methods for enhanced culture recovery of Francisella tularensis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TULAREMIA AB Francisella tularensis is found in a wide variety of hosts and extrahost environments, making culture recovery a diagnostic challenge. Here we demonstrate improved recovery times and good sensitivity (90%) when cultures were inoculated on the site of an investigation using fresh tissues. For contaminated specimens, antibiotic supplementation of enriched cysteine heart agar blood culture medium improved recovery of F. tularensis by 81.1%. For transport of tissues, immediate freezing yielded culture recovery rates as high as 94%. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Diagnost & Reference Sect, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Diagnost & Reference Sect, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 3733 EP 3735 DI 10.1128/aem.70.6.3733-3735.2004 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 828NX UT WOS:000221981100070 PM 15184180 ER PT J AU Ryan, U O'Hara, A Xia, LH AF Ryan, U O'Hara, A Xia, LH TI Molecular and biological characterization of a Cryptosporidium molnari-like isolate from a guppy (Poecilia reticulata) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APICOMPLEXA; TAXONOMY AB Histological, morphological, genetic, and phylogenetic analyses of a Cryptosporidium molnari-like isolate from a guppy (Poecilia reticulata) identified stages consistent with those of C. molnari and revealed that C. molnari is genetically very distinct from all other species of Cryptosporidium. This study represents the first genetic characterization of C. molnari. C1 Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Div Hlth Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, US PHS,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ryan, U (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Biomed Sci, Div Hlth Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. EM unaryan@central.murdoch.edu.au RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 10 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 3761 EP 3765 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3761-3765.2004 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 828NX UT WOS:000221981100077 PM 15184187 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Jiang, JL Singh, A Xiao, LH AF Sulaiman, IM Jiang, JL Singh, A Xiao, LH TI Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ASSAY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; INTESTINALIS; LAMBLIA; HUMANS; ANIMALS; CYSTS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; PREVALENCE AB Giardia cysts in 131 raw wastewater samples from Milwaukee, Wis., were genotyped by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase gene which showed the presence of two distinct genotypes (assemblages A and B) of Giardia duodenalis. Of the 131 samples, 111 belonged to assemblage A, and the remaining samples belonged to assemblage B. A high degree of genetic polymorphism was evident within the assemblage B cluster, with 10 distinct subgenotypes identified, eight of which have not been reported before. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. City Milwaukee Publ Hlth Labs, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 36 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 3776 EP 3780 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3776-3780.2004 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 828NX UT WOS:000221981100081 PM 15184191 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, B Yusuf, H Schwartz, B Gust, D Barker, L Rodewald, L AF Bardenheier, B Yusuf, H Schwartz, B Gust, D Barker, L Rodewald, L TI Are parental vaccine safety concerns associated with receipt of measles-mumps-rubella, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with acellular pertussis, or hepatitis B vaccines by children? SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; IMMUNIZATION; AUTISM AB objectives: To identify parental perceptions regarding vaccine safety and assess their relationship with the immunization status of children. Design, Setting, and Participants: Case-control study based on a survey of a sample of households participating in the 2000-2001 National Immunization Survey, a quarterly random-digit-dialing sample of US children aged 19 to 35 months. Three groups of case children not up-to-date for 3 vaccines were compared with control children who were up-to-date for each respective vaccine. Main Outcome Measure: Measles-containing or measles-mumps-rubella, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with acellular pertussis, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage. Results: Among those sampled from the 2000-2001 National Immunization Survey, the household response rate was 2315 (52.1%) of 4440. Most respondents (>90%) in all groups believed vaccinations are important. In each case-control group, there was no significant difference between the percentage of case and control parents expressing general vaccine safety (range, 53.5%-64.1%). However, case parents were more likely to have asked that their child not be vaccinated for reasons other than illness (range, 10.2%-13.7% vs range, 2.9%-5.3%, respectively) and to believe their children received too many vaccinations (range, 3.4%-7.6% vs range, 0.8%-1.0%, respectively). Among the case-control group receiving a measles-containing or measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, only a small percentage of parents knew about the alleged association between autism and measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations (8.2%), and case parents were more likely to believe it than control parents (4.4% vs 1.5%, respectively; chi(2) P=.04). Conclusions: Despite belief in the importance of immunization by a vast majority of parents, the majority of parents had concerns regarding vaccine safety. Strategies to address important misperceptions about vaccine safety as well as additional research assessing vaccine safety are needed to ensure public confidence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Immunizat Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bardenheier, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Immunizat Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BFB7@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 158 IS 6 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.6.569 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 826KJ UT WOS:000221827700011 PM 15184221 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Dahlberg, LL AF Mercy, JA Dahlberg, LL TI Adolescent violence - Is it the same everywhere? SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID AGGRESSION; WARS C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K68,4770 Buford Hyw NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jam2@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 158 IS 6 BP 592 EP 594 DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.6.592 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 826KJ UT WOS:000221827700015 PM 15184225 ER PT J AU Watkins, ML Brustrom, J Schulman, J AF Watkins, ML Brustrom, J Schulman, J TI Effectiveness of a free folic acid supplement program in family planning clinics SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE folic acid; health behavior; health promotion; health education; primary prevention; intervention studies ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS AB BACKGROUND: Adequate periconceptional folic acid consumption lowers the risk for neural tube defects. We report the results of an evaluation of a folic acid intervention in Georgia family planning clinics that provided free folic acid supplements or fortified breakfast cereal. METHODS: Six family planning clinics participated in the evaluation. Three clinics provided folic acid pills and educational materials to clients, two provided super-fortified cereal and educational materials, and one clinic provided educational materials only. Participants between the ages of 18 and 45 who visited the clinics in 2000 completed a brief survey and provided a blood sample. Of the 1093 women who participated, we evaluated the 165 women who had returned to the clinic at least once during the study period. We compared participants' survey and serum folate data from their first and subsequent visits. RESULTS: Participation in the intervention was associated with increased knowledge about folic acid, (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-2.76), but was not directly associated with increased self-reported folic acid consumption or increased serum folate levels. Reported use of folic acid supplements or cereal within two days of a visit was associated with higher serum folate levels. Knowledge about folic acid was one of the best predictors of self-reported folic acid consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in the intervention increased clients' knowledge about folic acid but did not directly increase reported folic acid consumption. Because knowledge predicted folic acid consumption, the intervention may be indirectly associated with increased consumption of folic acid. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Watkins, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, MS E-5,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM maw8@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1002/bdra.20035 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 834NZ UT WOS:000222419100006 PM 15211710 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Prineas, RJ Dillon, C McDowell, M Carroll, M AF Ostchega, Y Prineas, RJ Dillon, C McDowell, M Carroll, M TI Estimating equations and tables for adult mid-arm circumference based on measured height and weight: data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 1999-2000 SO BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING LA English DT Article DE arm circumference; prediction equations; NHANES III; NHANES 1999-2000 ID BLOOD-PRESSURE-MEASUREMENT; BODY-MASS INDEX; CUFF WIDTH; HYPERTENSION; ERROR; SIZE; SPHYGMOMANOMETRY; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; BLADDER AB Objective Mid-arm circumference measurement is a prerequisite to selection of proper sized blood pressure (BP) cuffs and accurate BP readings. The purpose of this study was to develop practical prediction equations for estimating mid-arm circumference (AC) in adults using NHANES III & NHANES 1999-2000 data. Design Both surveys used a complex sample design to obtain nationally representative samples of the USA civilian non-institutionalized population. Subjects The analytic sample consisted of 5077 men and 5307 women from NHANES III and 2013 men and 2293 women from NHANES 1999-2000. Their height, weight, and mid-arm circumference were measured directly in both surveys. Statistical analyses Weight, height, and age data from NHANES III were used for model building, and similar data from NHANES 1999-2000 were used for validation. An all-possible regressions procedure by gender was used to derive the prediction equations for AC. Results The final prediction equations for adult AC were as follows: for measured weight (wt) in kg and height (ht) in cm: Men, AC (cm) = 31.76749 + 0.22626 x (wt) - 0.10109 x (ht) + 0.05092 x (age) - 0.00081813 x (age(2)), R-2 = 0.8; Women, AC (cm) = 39.29946 + 0.26410 x (wt) - 0.18230 x (ht) + 0.01972 x (age) - 0.00104 x (age(2)) + 0.00045901 x (wt x age) + 0.00037509 x (ht x age), R-2 = 0.86. Tables of estimated arm circumference by age, weight and gender are presented. Conclusion The prediction equations and tables provide for mid AC estimation using readily available clinical data to select the appropriate BP cuff. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM yx01@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1359-5237 J9 BLOOD PRESS MONIT JI Blood Press. Monit. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1097/01.mbp.0000132427.32886.a9 PG 9 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 834ZT UT WOS:000222450100004 PM 15199305 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Herbert, AR Preau, JL Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Herbert, AR Preau, JL Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Detection of phthalate metabolites in human amniotic fluid SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; GLUCURONIDATION; MONOESTERS; URINARY; RATS C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCEH, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 14 TC 135 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1226 EP 1231 DI 10.1007/s00128-004-0374-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 823XD UT WOS:000221646500020 PM 15362453 ER PT J AU Berman, SM AF Berman, SM TI Maternal syphilis: pathophysiology and treatment SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE syphilis, congenital/cerebrospinal fluid/physiopathology/prevention and control; syphilis/diagnosis/drug therapy/transmission; disease transmission, vertical/prevention and control; pregnancy complications, infectious/drug therapy; pregnancy outcome; prenatal diagnosis/standards; prenatal care; Treponema pallidum/genetics; penicillin G/administration and dosage; Ceftriaxone; fetal diseases/pathology/prevention and control; practice guidelines (source, MeSH, NLM) ID CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; FETAL SYPHILIS; PREGNANCY; INFECTION; PENICILLIN; GENOME; LIPOPROTEINS; PREVENTION AB Despite the long history of medical interest in syphilis and its effects on pregnancy outcome, many fundamental questions about the pathophysiology and treatment of syphilis during pregnancy remain unanswered. However, understanding has been advanced by recent scientific reports such as those which delineate the complete sequence of the genome of the syphilis spirochaete, provide a more precise description of fetal and neonate infection by use of rabbit infectivity tests and describe the gestational age distribution of fetal death secondary to syphilis. It appears that fetal syphilitic involvement progresses in a rather predictable fashion, and although there is disagreement about the optimal prenatal treatment regimen, programmatic efforts to prevent fetal death must provide seropositive pregnant women with a recommended treatment early in pregnancy, and certainly before the third trimester. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. RP Berman, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, MS E02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. EM sberman@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 33 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 433 EP 438 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 830MR UT WOS:000222126900008 PM 15356936 ER PT J AU Vernon, SW Meissner, H Klabunde, C Rimer, BK Ahnen, DJ Bastani, R Mandelson, MT Nadel, MR Sheinfeld-Gorin, S Zapka, J AF Vernon, SW Meissner, H Klabunde, C Rimer, BK Ahnen, DJ Bastani, R Mandelson, MT Nadel, MR Sheinfeld-Gorin, S Zapka, J TI Measures for ascertaining use of colorectal cancer screening in behavioral, health services, and epidemiologic research SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; INCREASE MAMMOGRAPHY USE; SOCIETY GUIDELINES; AVERAGE-RISK; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; MORTALITY; UPDATE; QUESTIONNAIRES C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Denver Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Vernon, SW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, 7000 Fannin,Suite 2650, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM svernon@sph.uth.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA086322-01] NR 58 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 898 EP 905 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 826ZL UT WOS:000221867900002 PM 15184243 ER PT J AU Plowden, J Renshaw-Hoelscher, M Gangappa, S Engleman, C Katz, JM Sambhara, S AF Plowden, J Renshaw-Hoelscher, M Gangappa, S Engleman, C Katz, JM Sambhara, S TI Impaired antigen-induced CD8(+) T cell clonal expansion in aging is due to defects in antigen presenting cell function SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE macrophages; T lymphocytes; antigen presentation/processing; rodent; costimulation; aging ID AGED MICE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; OLD-AGE; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; INFECTION AB CD8(+) T cell activation depends on interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and this interaction leads to the expansion of T cells with the capacity to control infection. Using professional APCs, we demonstrate that with age, the duration of APC-T cell contact time required to achieve clonal expansion increases. Naive CD8(+) T cells from aged mice showed no defect in antigen-induced proliferation when stimulated with APC from young mice. In contrast, CD8(+) T cells from young mice exhibited reduced clonal expansion and secreted significantly lower amounts of IFN-gamma when stimulated by APCs from aged mice. The aged APCs were defective in costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine and chemokine secretion. These data indicate that defects in APC function lead to poor T cell clonal expansion and function in aging. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sambhara@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 229 IS 2 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.cellimm.2004.07.001 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 865PZ UT WOS:000224716300002 PM 15474523 ER PT J AU Akpinar-Elci, M Elci, OC Odabasi, A AF Akpinar-Elci, M Elci, OC Odabasi, A TI Work-related asthma-like symptoms among florists SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; atopy; flower; occupation; work intensity ID OCCUPATIONAL ALLERGY; POLLEN; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; FLOWERS; TURKEY; HAIRDRESSERS; NETHERLANDS; GREENHOUSES; GROWERS AB Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of work-related asthma-like symptoms and possible risk factors among florists in Turkey. Methods: We collected questionnaire data from 128 florists, and investigated occupational history and respiratory, ocular, dermal, and nasal symptoms. We evaluated pulmonary function tests with spirometry and atopy by using the skin-prick test. Possible risk factors were analyzed by age-adjusted, smoking-adjusted, and gender-adjusted logistic regression models comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Results: The prevalence of work-related asthma-like symptoms was 14.1% (18 patients). We observed excess risk with a high work intensity (odds ratio [OR], 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 51.8) and long work duration (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 21.6). Florists with work-related asthma-like symptoms were 5.9 times more likely (95% CI, 1.4 to 24.3) to have a positive skin test response to a flower mix allergen. We also observed an excess risk for work-related asthma-like symptoms among those with allergic rhinitis (OR, 13.2; 95% CI, 3.1 to 56.4) and conjunctivitis (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.4 to 29.2). Conclusion: The most prominent risk factors in florists were work intensity, work duration, and specific atopy. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Izmir Chest Dis & Surg Training Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Izmir, Turkey. RP Akpinar-Elci, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Field Studies Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mra8@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 2004 VL 125 IS 6 BP 2336 EP 2339 DI 10.1378/chest.125.6.2336 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 832FQ UT WOS:000222253100056 PM 15189959 ER PT J AU Dasti, M Kimberly, MM Myers, GL AF Dasti, M Kimberly, MM Myers, GL TI Performance of lipid and lipoprotein reference methods used in the Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP A191 EP A192 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 828EC UT WOS:000221955200634 ER PT J AU Little, RR Vesper, H Rohlfing, CL Ospina, M Safar-Pour, S Roberts, WL AF Little, RR Vesper, H Rohlfing, CL Ospina, M Safar-Pour, S Roberts, WL TI Validation of the use of boronate affinity chromatography to measure glycated hemoglobin in the presence of HbS and HbC traits using a mass spectrometry reference method SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Columbia, MO USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP A112 EP A112 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 828EC UT WOS:000221955200371 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Myers, GL Ashwood, ER Killeen, AA Wang, E Thienpont, LM Siekmann, L AF Miller, WG Myers, GL Ashwood, ER Killeen, AA Wang, E Thienpont, LM Siekmann, L TI Trueness of 50 method groups for creatinine based on results from a large proficiency testing program. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Coll Amer Pathologists, Northfield, IL USA. State Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RI Killeen, Anthony/E-4697-2010 OI Killeen, Anthony/0000-0003-1629-9468 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP A109 EP A110 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 828EC UT WOS:000221955200364 ER PT J AU Vesper, H Archibold, E Myers, G AF Vesper, H Archibold, E Myers, G TI Comparison of two commercial methods with a GC/MS reference method using plasma, capillary blood, and venous blood. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 CDC, NCEH, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP A85 EP A85 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 828EC UT WOS:000221955200279 ER PT J AU Wiedmeyer, H Rohlfing, C Tennill, A Polonsky, K Myers, G Little, R Goldstein, D Palmer, J AF Wiedmeyer, H Rohlfing, C Tennill, A Polonsky, K Myers, G Little, R Goldstein, D Palmer, J TI Evaluation of the stability of C-peptide in plasma and serum: Comparison of 3 different methods SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. VA Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP A110 EP A110 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 828EC UT WOS:000221955200365 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Gomes, TAT Ramos, RTS Hoekstra, M Rodrigue, D Rassi, V Griffin, PM AF Sobel, J Gomes, TAT Ramos, RTS Hoekstra, M Rodrigue, D Rassi, V Griffin, PM TI Pathogen-specific risk factors and protective factors for acute diarrheal illness in children aged 12-59 months in Sao Paulo, Brazil SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID DRINKING-WATER QUALITY; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; INFANT DIARRHEA; DISEASE; COMMUNITY; HEALTH; PATTERNS; COHORT; CITY AB Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Latin America. Most studies have focused on infants but not on older children. We enrolled 505 children (age, 12-59 months) with diarrhea and age-matched controls in a case-control study in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Independent risk factors for diarrhea included another household member with diarrhea (matched odds ratio [mOR], 8.1; attributable fraction [AF], 0.17; P < .001) and consumption of homemade juice (mOR, 1.8; AF, 0.10; P = .01); protective factors included boiling of the baby bottle or nipple (mOR, 0.60; AF, 0.19; P = .026), childcare at home (mOR, 0.58; AF, 0.12; P = .004), and piped sewage ( mOR, 0.58; AF, 0.05;). Hand washing by the caretaker after helping the child defecate protected against Shigella infection (mOR, 0.35; P < .05). Preparation of rice, beans, or soup in the morning and serving it to children after noon were associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection (mOR, 8.0; P < .05). In these poor households, 28% of cases of diarrhea in 1-4-year-old children was attributable to easily modifiable exposures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, MS-A38,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov RI Gomes, Tania/H-3950-2012 OI Gomes, Tania/0000-0002-4525-8705 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1545 EP 1551 DI 10.1086/420822 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 821QO UT WOS:000221477400006 PM 15156440 ER PT J AU Williams, IT Perz, JF Bell, BP AF Williams, IT Perz, JF Bell, BP TI Viral hepatitis transmission in ambulatory health care settings SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; TO-PATIENT TRANSMISSION; NON-B HEPATITIS; RISK-FACTORS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; NON-A; OUTBREAK; WORKERS; PREVENTION AB In the United States, transmission of viral hepatitis from health care-related exposures is uncommon and primarily recognized in the context of outbreaks. Transmission is typically associated with unsafe injection practices, as exemplified by several recent outbreaks that occurred in ambulatory health care settings. To prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens, health care workers must adhere to standard precautions and follow fundamental infection-control principles, including safe injection practices and appropriate aseptic techniques. These principles and practices need to be made explicit in institutional policies and reinforced through in-service education for all personnel involved in direct patient care, including those in ambulatory care settings. The effectiveness of these measures should be monitored as part of the oversight process. In addition, prompt reporting of suspected health care-related cases coupled with appropriate investigation and improved monitoring of surveillance data are needed to accurately characterize and prevent health care-related transmission of viral hepatitis. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williams, IT (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iwilliams@cdc.gov NR 71 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1592 EP 1598 DI 10.1086/420935 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 821QO UT WOS:000221477400015 PM 15156448 ER PT J AU Lucas, GM Weidle, PJ Hader, S Moore, RD AF Lucas, GM Weidle, PJ Hader, S Moore, RD TI Directly administered antiretroviral therapy in an urban methadone maintenance clinic: A nonrandomized comparative study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USE; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION AB Methadone-maintenance treatment clinics are strategically appealing sites for provision of directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected injection drug users (IDUs). We initiated an ongoing DAART protocol at a university-associated methadone clinic in April 2001, which continues to enroll participants. Participants ingested antiretroviral medications under direct supervision on days they attended the clinic; evening doses and doses on "methadone take-home days" were self-administered. Comparison IDUs receiving either standard care or treatment-adherence support were randomly selected from the population of the HIV-1 clinic where DAART participants received their primary care for HIV-1 infection, with frequency matching by sex, prior antiretroviral exposure, and receipt of methadone therapy. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 79% of DAART participants achieved HIV-1 RNA levels of <400 copies/mL by month 6 of therapy, compared with 54% in the standard care group (P = .035) and 48% in the adherence support group (P = .008). The preliminary results of this study both suggest that DAART can be feasible and acceptable to patients in a methadone clinic setting and provide impetus for further study of this treatment strategy in randomized controlled trials. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lucas, GM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, 1830 E Monument St,Room 421, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM glucas@jhmi.edu RI Lucas, Gregory/B-9225-2009 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-11602, DA-015616, DA-00432]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU319441] NR 13 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 SU 5 BP S409 EP S413 DI 10.1086/421405 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 821QP UT WOS:000221477500007 PM 15156431 ER PT J AU Wohl, AR Garland, WH Squires, K Witt, M Larsen, R Kovacs, A Hader, S Weidle, PJ AF Wohl, AR Garland, WH Squires, K Witt, M Larsen, R Kovacs, A Hader, S Weidle, PJ TI The feasibility of a community-based directly administered antiretroviral therapy program SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REPORTED ADHERENCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; HIV-INFECTION AB Improved treatment-adherence support programs are needed to help human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons comply with complex highly active antiretroviral treatment ( HAART) regimens. In an experimental directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) program, treatment-naive and treatment-experienced persons who experienced failure of no more than 1 prior regimen were recruited from 3 public HIV/AIDS clinics in Los Angeles County. For 6 months, trained community workers observed ingestion of 1 of 2 daily HAART doses, 5 days per week, and questioned the patient about the second dose, which enabled intense adherence monitoring and real-time intervention. From November 2001 through November 2003, there were 67 DAART patients enrolled (69% Latino, 21% African American, and 9% white; 63% with annual income of <$10,000). Preliminary findings show that a DAART program based in 3 public HIV/AIDS clinics was feasible in a low-income urban population. Effective communication between the DAART staff, the medical providers, and the pharmacy is essential for the successful implementation of this program. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. Los Angeles Cty Univ So Calif Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Harbor UCLA HIV Clin, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wohl, AR (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Program, 600 S Commonwealth Ave,Suite 1920, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. EM awohl@dhs.co.la.ca.us FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64-CCU919440-03] NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 SU 5 BP S388 EP S392 DI 10.1086/421401 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 821QP UT WOS:000221477500003 PM 15156427 ER PT J AU Mook, DM Painter, JA Pullium, JK Ford, TR Dillehay, DL Pearce, BD AF Mook, DM Painter, JA Pullium, JK Ford, TR Dillehay, DL Pearce, BD TI Urolithiasis associated with experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus inoculation in Lewis rats SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID URINARY CALCULI; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; VIRAL-INFECTION; BLADDER; MICTURITION; GROWTH; MODEL; TRACT AB A high frequency of struvite urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and other urinary tract lesions developed in a group of Lewis rats inoculated intracranially with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Initially, clinically ill rats were referred to necropsy: 30 rats over 3 years. These rats had high frequency of urolithiasis (8/30, 27%), hydronephrosis (12/30, 40%, cystitis (9/30, 30%), transitional cell carcinoma (4/30, 13%), and pyelonephritis (19/30, 63%). Lesions were more common in LCMV-inoculated rats. After this trend was noted, all rats on this protocol were necropsied as part of a cohort study (n = 144). Although the apparent frequency of disease was lower due to increased sampling, there still was a high number of urolithiasis (9/144, 6%) and hydronephrosis (40/144, 28%) cases. All cases of urolithiasis developed in rats inoculated with LCMV (9/44, 20%), as did most cases of hydronephrosis (31/44, 70%). Although sham-injected and uninoculated control rats also had high frequency of hydronephrosis (6/57 [11%] and 3/43 [7%], respectively), LCMV-inoculated rats had a significantly higher frequency of disease than did sham inoculated (P < 0.0001) and uninoculated (P < 0.0001) controls. These results suggest that Lewis rats may be predisposed to developing lesions of the urinary tract, and that intracranial inoculation of rats with LCMV augments this tendency, leading to formation of struvite calculi and associated urinary tract disease. C1 Emory Univ, Div Anim Resources, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Needham Anim Hosp, Wilmington, NC USA. Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Mook, DM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Div Anim Resources, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 318 EP 323 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 832WY UT WOS:000222299600015 PM 15253279 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Maddox, RA Williams, ES Miller, MW Gambetti, P Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Maddox, RA Williams, ES Miller, MW Gambetti, P Schonberger, LB TI Chronic wasting disease and potential transmission to humans SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; PRION PROTEIN; VARIANT CJD; CATTLE; COLORADO AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk is endemic in a tri-corner area of Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and new foci of CWD have been detected in other parts of the United States. Although detection in some areas may be related to increased surveillance, introduction of CWD due to translocation or natural migration of animals may account for some new foci of infection. Increasing spread of CWD has raised concerns about the potential for increasing human exposure to the CWD agent. The foodborne transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans indicates that the species barrier may not completely protect humans from animal prion diseases. Conversion of human prion protein by CWD-associated prions has been demonstrated in an in vitro cell-free experiment, but limited investigations have not identified strong evidence for CWD transmission to humans. More epidemiologic and laboratory studies are needed to monitor the possibility of such transmissions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ebelay@cdc.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 47 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 25 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 977 EP 984 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300001 PM 15207045 ER PT J AU Painter, JA Molbak, K Sonne-Hansen, J Barrett, T Wells, JA Tauxe, RV AF Painter, JA Molbak, K Sonne-Hansen, J Barrett, T Wells, JA Tauxe, RV TI Salmonella-based rodenticides and public health SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIDIS; RISK AB Several countries still permit strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, a leading cause of gastrointestinal illness in humans, to be used in rat baits. To assess the human health risk associated with such rat bait, we first reviewed historic data on health hazards associated with Ratin, a rodenticide that was used in Europe until the early 1960s. Ratin caused outbreaks of human illness, including several deaths. We then compared S. Enteritidis isolated from a current commercial product, Biorat, with S. Enteritidis from Ratin and found that the strains were both phage type 6a. Based on the similarity of the strains, currently available Salmonella-based rodenticides likely are as great a threat to public health as past strains were. Health officials should be aware that the continued use of Salmonella-based rodenticides is a risk to public health and should take appropriate measures to prevent use in their jurisdictions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Statens Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Painter, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jpainter@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 985 EP 987 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300002 PM 15207046 ER PT J AU Bresee, J Fang, ZY Wang, B Nelson, EAS Tam, J Soenarto, Y Wilopo, SA Kilgore, P Kim, JS Kang, JO Lan, WS Gaik, CL Moe, K Chen, KT Jiraphongsa, C Pongsuwanna, Y Van Man, N Van Tu, P Luan, LT Hummelman, E Gentsch, JR Glass, R AF Bresee, J Fang, ZY Wang, B Nelson, EAS Tam, J Soenarto, Y Wilopo, SA Kilgore, P Kim, JS Kang, JO Lan, WS Gaik, CL Moe, K Chen, KT Jiraphongsa, C Pongsuwanna, Y Van Man, N Van Tu, P Luan, LT Hummelman, E Gentsch, JR Glass, R CA Asian Rotavirus Surveillance TI First report from the Asian rotavirus surveillance network SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE DIARRHEA; HONG-KONG; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SENTINEL HOSPITALS; INFECTION; GASTROENTERITIS; THAILAND; DISEASE AB Rotavirus remains the most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide. Several rotavirus vaccines are under development. Decisions about new vaccine introduction will require reliable data on disease impact. The Asian Rotavirus Surveillance Network, begun in 2000 to facilitate collection of these data, is a regional collaboration of 36 hospitals in nine countries or areas that conduct surveillance for rotavirus hospitalizations using a uniform World Health Organization protocol. We summarize the Network's organization and experience from August 2001 through July 2002. During this period, 45% of acute diarrheal hospitalizations among children 0-5 years were attributable to rotavirus, higher than previous estimates. Rotavirus was detected in all sites year-round. This network is a novel, regional approach to surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases. Such a network should provide increased visibility and advocacy, enable more efficient data collection, facilitate training, and serve as the paradigm for rotavirus surveillance activities in other regions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. Southeast Univ, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Gadjah Mada Univ, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Sch Med, Chonju, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Sch Med, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Inst Pediat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kuching Hosp, Kuching, Malaysia. Minist Hlth, Yangon, Myanmar. Dept Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Poliomyelitis Vaccine Res & Prod Ctr, Hanoi, Vietnam. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Bresee, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbresee@cdc.gov RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013; OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482; Lee, Ping-Ing/0000-0002-7299-2825; Ki, Moran/0000-0002-8892-7104; Somchit, Nazrul/0000-0002-4710-3467 NR 38 TC 90 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 988 EP 995 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300003 PM 15207047 ER PT J AU Rose, L Jensen, B Peterson, A Banerjee, SN Arduino, MJ AF Rose, L Jensen, B Peterson, A Banerjee, SN Arduino, MJ TI Swab materials and Bacilius anthracis spore recovery from nonporous surfaces SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS AB Four swab materials were evaluated for their efficiency in recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from steel coupons. Cotton, macrofoam, polyester, and rayon swabs were used to sample coupons inoculated with a spore suspension of known concentration. Three methods of processing for the removal of spores from the swabs (vortexing, sonication, or minimal agitation) and two swab preparations (premoistened and dry) were evaluated. Results indicated that premoistened swabs were more efficient at recovering spores than dry swabs (14.3% vs. 4.4%). Vortexing swabs for 2 min during processing resulted in superior extraction of spores when compared to sonicating them for 12 min or subjecting them to minimal agitation. Premoistened macrofoam and cotton swabs that were vortexed during processing recovered the greatest proportions of spores with a mean recovery of 43.6% (standard deviation [SD] 11.1%) and 41.7% (SD 14.6%), respectively. Premoistened and vortexed polyester and rayon swabs were less efficient, at 9.9% (SD 3.8%) and 11.5% (SD 7.9%), respectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rose, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lrose@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1029 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300008 PM 15207053 ER PT J AU Onyango, CO Ofula, VO Sang, RC Konongoi, SL Sow, A De Cock, KM Tukei, PM Okoth, FA Swanepoel, R Burt, FJ Waters, NC Coldren, RL AF Onyango, CO Ofula, VO Sang, RC Konongoi, SL Sow, A De Cock, KM Tukei, PM Okoth, FA Swanepoel, R Burt, FJ Waters, NC Coldren, RL TI Yellow fever outbreak, Imatong, southern Sudan SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; VIRUS; KENYA; ARBOVIRUSES; FLAVIVIRUS; ETHIOPIA; REGION AB In May 2003, the World Health Organization received reports about a possible outbreak of a hemorrhagic disease of unknown cause in the Imatong Mountains of southern Sudan. Laboratory investigations were conducted on 28 serum samples collected from patients in the Imatong region. Serum samples from 13 patients were positive for immunoglobulin M antibody to flavivirus, and serum samples from 5 patients were positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with both the genus Flavivirus-reactive primers and yellow fever virus-specific primers. Nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons obtained with the genus Flavivirus oligonucleotide primers confirmed yellow fever virus as the etiologic agent. Isolation attempts in newborn mice and Vero cells from the samples yielded virus isolates from five patients. Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis enabled an interagency emergency task force to initiate a targeted vaccination campaign to control the outbreak. C1 WHO, Collaborating Ctr Arbovirus & Viral Hemorrag Feve, Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. WHO S Sudan, Warwick Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. USA Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Onyango, CO (reprint author), WHO, Collaborating Ctr Arbovirus & Viral Hemorrag Feve, Kenya Med Res Inst, POB 54628, Nairobi, Kenya. EM conyango@nairobi.mimcom.net NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1064 EP 1068 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300014 ER PT J AU Kuhn, DM Mukherjee, PK Clark, TA Pujol, C Chandra, J Hajjeh, RA Warnock, DW Soll, DR Ghannoum, MA AF Kuhn, DM Mukherjee, PK Clark, TA Pujol, C Chandra, J Hajjeh, RA Warnock, DW Soll, DR Ghannoum, MA TI Candida parapsilosis characterization in an outbreak setting SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; EXPERIMENTAL PATHOGENICITY; PROTEINASE SECRETION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SLIME PRODUCTION; ALBICANS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRULENCE; FUNGEMIA AB Candida parapsilosis is an important non-albicans species which infects hospitalized patients. No studies have correlated outbreak infections of C. parapsilosis with multiple virulence factors. We used DNA fingerprinting to determine genetic variability among isolates from a C. parapsilosis outbreak and from our clinical database. We compared phenotypic markers of pathogenesis, including adherence, biofilm formation, and protein secretion (secretory aspartic protease [SAP] and phospholipase). Adherence was measured as colony counts on silicone elastomer disks immersed in agar. Biofilms formed on disks were quantified by dry weight. SAP expression was measured by hydrolysis of bovine albumin; a colorimetric assay was used to quantitate phospholipase. DNA fingerprinting indicated that the outbreak isolates were clonal and genetically distinct from our database. Biofilm expression by the outbreak clone was greater than that of sporadic isolates (p less than or equal to 0.0005). Adherence and protein secretion did not correlate with strain pathogenicity. These results suggest that biofilm production plays a role in C. parapsilosis outbreaks. C1 Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Med Mycol, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Ghannoum, MA (reprint author), Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Med Mycol, Dept Dermatol, LKSD 5028,11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mag3@po.cwru.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07024, R01 AI035097, AI-36219, AI35097-03, P30 AI036219, T32 AI007024]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01-DE13992, R01 DE013932, R01 DE013992, R01-DE13932-01A1] NR 47 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1074 EP 1081 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300016 PM 15207060 ER PT J AU Duck, WM Sobel, J Pruckler, JM Song, OS Swerdlow, D Friedman, C Sulka, A Swaminathan, B Taylor, T Hoekstra, M Griffin, P Smoot, D Peek, R Metz, DC Bloom, PB Goldschmid, S Parsonnet, J Triadafilopoulos, G Perez-Perez, GI Vakil, N Ernst, P Czinn, S Dunne, D Gold, BD AF Duck, WM Sobel, J Pruckler, JM Song, OS Swerdlow, D Friedman, C Sulka, A Swaminathan, B Taylor, T Hoekstra, M Griffin, P Smoot, D Peek, R Metz, DC Bloom, PB Goldschmid, S Parsonnet, J Triadafilopoulos, G Perez-Perez, GI Vakil, N Ernst, P Czinn, S Dunne, D Gold, BD TI Antimicrobial resistance incidence and risk factors among Helicobacter pylori-infected persons, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CLARITHROMYCIN; METRONIDAZOLE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TETRACYCLINE; AMOXICILLIN; PREVALENCE; THERAPY; STRAINS AB Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of peptic ulcer disease and an etiologic agent in the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is curable with regimens of multiple antimicrobial agents, and antimicrobial resistance is a leading cause of treatment failure. The Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program (HARP) is a prospective, multicenter U.S. network that tracks national incidence rates of H. pylori antimicrobial resistance. Of 347 clinical H. pylori isolates collected from December 1998 through 2002, 101 (29.1%) were resistant to one antimicrobial agent, and 17 (5%) were resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Eighty-seven (25.1%) isolates were resistant to metronidazole, 45 (12.9%) to clarithromycin, and 3 (0.9%) to amoxicillin. On multivariate analysis, black race was the only significant risk factor (p < 0.01, hazard ratio 2.04) for infection with a resistant H. pylori strain. Formulating pretreatment screening strategies or providing alternative therapeutic regimens for high-risk populations may be important for future clinical practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Howard Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Sinai Samaritan Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Duck, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wdd8@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 100 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1088 EP 1094 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300018 PM 15207062 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Nelson, JM Barrett, TJ Tauxe, RV Rossiter, SP Friedman, CR Joyce, KW Smith, KE Jones, TF Hawkins, MA Shiferaw, B Beebe, JL Vugia, DJ Rabatsky-Ehr, T Benson, JA Root, TP Angulo, FJ AF Gupta, A Nelson, JM Barrett, TJ Tauxe, RV Rossiter, SP Friedman, CR Joyce, KW Smith, KE Jones, TF Hawkins, MA Shiferaw, B Beebe, JL Vugia, DJ Rabatsky-Ehr, T Benson, JA Root, TP Angulo, FJ CA The NARMS Working Grp TI Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains, United States, 1997-2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE; JEJUNI INFECTIONS; COLI; QUINOLONE; POULTRY; TRENDS; IDENTIFICATION; ERYTHROMYCIN; WASHINGTON AB We summarize antimicrobial resistance surveillance data in human and chicken isolates of Campylobacter. Isolates were from a sentinel county study from 1989 through 1990 and from nine state health departments participating in National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for enteric bacteria (NARMS) from 1997 through 2001. None of the 297 C. jejuni or C. coli isolates tested from 1989 through 1990 was ciprofloxacin-resistant. From 1997 through 2001, a total of 1,553 human Campylobacter isolates were characterized: 1,471 (95%) were C. jejuni, 63 (4%) were C. coli, and 19 (1%) were other Campylobacter species. The prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was 13% (28 of 217) in 1997 and 19% (75 of 384) in 2001; erythromycin resistance was 2% (4 of 217) in 1997 and 2% (8 of 384) in 2001. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter was isolated from 10% of 180 chicken products purchased from grocery stores in three states in 1999. Ciprofloxacin resistance has emerged among Campylobacter since 1990 and has increased in prevalence since 1997. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Oregon Dept Huma Serv, Portland, OR USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Georgia Dept Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, 1830 E Monument St,Room 450E, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM agupta25@jhmi.edu NR 43 TC 166 Z9 170 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1102 EP 1109 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300020 PM 15207064 ER PT J AU Louie, JK Hacker, JK Mark, J Gavali, SS Yagi, S Espinosa, A Schnurr, DP Cossen, CK Isaacson, ER Glaser, CA Fischer, M Reingold, AL Vugia, DJ AF Louie, JK Hacker, JK Mark, J Gavali, SS Yagi, S Espinosa, A Schnurr, DP Cossen, CK Isaacson, ER Glaser, CA Fischer, M Reingold, AL Vugia, DJ CA Unexplained Deaths Critical Illnes TI SARS and common viral infections SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; VIRUSES; CORONAVIRUS; YOUNG AB In California, molecular testing was useful in decreasing suspicion for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), by detecting common respiratory pathogens (influenza A/B, human metapneumovirus, picornavirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia spp., parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus) in 23 (45%) of 51 patients with suspected SARS and 9 (47%) of 19 patients with probable SARS. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Louie, JK (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Emerging Infect Program, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM JLouie@dhs.ca.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1143 EP 1146 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300028 PM 15207072 ER PT J AU Kimura, AC Johnson, K Palumbo, MS Hopkins, J Boase, JC Reporter, R Goldoft, M Stefonek, KR Farrar, JA Van Gilder, TJ Vugia, DJ AF Kimura, AC Johnson, K Palumbo, MS Hopkins, J Boase, JC Reporter, R Goldoft, M Stefonek, KR Farrar, JA Van Gilder, TJ Vugia, DJ TI Multistate shigellosis outbreak and commercially prepared food, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; COMMON-SOURCE AB In 2000, shigellosis traced to a commercially prepared dip developed in 406 persons nationwide. An ill employee may have inadvertently contaminated processing equipment. This outbreak demonstrates the vulnerability of the food supply and how infectious organisms can rapidly disseminate through point-source contamination of a widely distributed food item. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Gardena, CA 90248 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA USA. Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Kimura, AC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, 19300 S Hamilton Ave,Ste 140, Gardena, CA 90248 USA. EM akimura@dhs.ca.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1149 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300029 PM 15207073 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Unicorn tapestries, horned animals, and prion disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmp1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1182 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825IH UT WOS:000221749300042 PM 15224680 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in US populations SO ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SYNDROME SYNDROME-X; BODY-MASS INDEX; PROVISIONAL REPORT; DEFINE OVERWEIGHT; DIABETES-MELLITUS; TRENDS; RISK AB The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using either the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III or World Health Organization definitions is high and likely increasing among US adults. The large number of people with the metabolic syndrome has serious implications for public health and clinical practice. The associated costs are likely to be substantial. Future increases in the incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes could occur. Because patients with the metabolic syndrome will make up a large proportion of the practices of health care professionals, health care professionals must be knowledgeable about the metabolic syndrome and be prepared to diagnose it. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8529 J9 ENDOCRIN METAB CLIN JI Endocrinol. Metabol. Clin. North Amer. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 333 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ecl.2004.03.004 PG 19 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 828CQ UT WOS:000221950800005 PM 15158522 ER PT J AU Gordon, ER Curns, AT Krebs, JW Rupprecht, CE Real, LA Child, JE AF Gordon, ER Curns, AT Krebs, JW Rupprecht, CE Real, LA Child, JE TI Temporal dynamics of rabies in a wildlife host and the risk of cross-species transmission SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; RACCOON RABIES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; ATLANTIC STATES; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CATS; EXPOSURES; VARIANTS AB An epidemiological model was developed for rabies, linking the risk of disease in a secondary species (cats) to the temporal dynamics of disease in a wildlife reservoir (raccoons). Data were obtained from cats, raccoons, and skunks tested for rabies in the northeastern United States during 1992-2000. An epizootic algorithm defined a time-series of successive intervals of epizootic and inter-epizootic raccoon rabies. The odds of diagnosing a rabid cat during the first epizootic of raccoon rabies was 12 times greater than for the period prior to epizootic emergence. After the first raccoon epizootic, the risk for cat rabies remained elevated at levels six- to seven-fold above baseline. Increased monthly counts of rabid raccoons and skunks and decreasing human population density increased the probability of cat rabies in most models. Forecasting of the public health and veterinary burden of rabies and assessing the economics of control programmes, requires linking outcomes to dynamic, but predictable, changes in the temporal evolution of rabies epizootics. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Gordon, ER (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 132 IS 3 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1017/S0950268804002067 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 828TN UT WOS:000221996300015 PM 15188720 ER PT J AU Kobau, R DiIorio, CA Price, PH Thurman, DJ Martin, LM Ridings, DL Henry, TR AF Kobau, R DiIorio, CA Price, PH Thurman, DJ Martin, LM Ridings, DL Henry, TR TI Prevalence of epilepsy and health status of adults with epilepsy in Georgia and Tennessee: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002 SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; seizure; comorbidity; health outcomes; obesity; smoking ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH; OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; REFRACTORY EPILEPSY; SEIZURES; FREQUENCY; SUICIDE; FITNESS; STIGMA AB Behavioral risk factors associated with comorbidity in people with epilepsy are largely unknown. We studied a population-based sample of 8057 adults through the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, in Georgia and Tennessee, ascertaining a lifetime epilepsy prevalence of 2.1% in this population. This structured interview revealed that those with epilepsy had significantly worse self-reported fair or poor health status (39% vs 17% in adults without epilepsy), significantly greater cigarette smoking (38.8% vs 24.9% in other adults), and high rates of obesity (34.1% vs 23.7% in adults without epilepsy). Large percentages of adults with epilepsy reported currently symptomatic asthma and recent joint pain. Adults with epilepsy had lower educational attainment and lower household incomes, but a higher rate of medical insurance coverage, than did other adults. This type of population-based survey can serve to identify health disparities, behavioral risk factors for other chronic diseases, and unmet health care needs in individuals with epilepsy, and to track changes in these measures over time. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Epidemiol, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Emory Univ, Dept Neurol, Emory Epilepsy Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kobau, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Epidemiol, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rmk4@cdc.gov OI Henry, Thomas/0000-0002-5708-903X NR 46 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.02.007 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 824NZ UT WOS:000221694600013 PM 15145306 ER PT J AU Giles, WH Marks, JS Gerberding, JL AF Giles, WH Marks, JS Gerberding, JL TI Translating research findings to people: Protecting the health of all communities SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hgiles@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 SU 1 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851KH UT WOS:000223683500001 ER PT J AU Giles, WH Tucker, P Brown, L Crocker, C Jack, N Latimer, A Liao, YL Lockhart, T McNary, S Sells, M Harris, VB AF Giles, WH Tucker, P Brown, L Crocker, C Jack, N Latimer, A Liao, YL Lockhart, T McNary, S Sells, M Harris, VB TI Racial and ethnic approaches to community health (REACH 2010): An overview SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hwg0@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 SU 1 BP 5 EP 8 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851KH UT WOS:000223683500002 ER PT J AU Liao, YL Tucker, P Giles, WH AF Liao, YL Tucker, P Giles, WH TI Health status among REACH 2010 communities, 2001-2002 SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article AB The REACH 2010 Risk Factor Survey was conducted in 21 minority communities in the United States during June 2001-August 2002, The survey included 10,953 Blacks/African Americans, 4,257 Hispanics/Latinos, 4,204 Asians, and 1,791 American Indians. Data demonstrate that residents in the minority communities bear a greater socioeconomic, risk factor, and disease burden than do members of the general US population. However, substantial variations in the prevalence of risk factors and chronic conditions also indicated that public health priorities should vary among different racial/ethnic groups, and even among communities within each group, and that culturally sensitive primary and secondary prevention strategies should be tailored to meet community-specific needs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Liao, YL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ycl1@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 SU 1 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 851KH UT WOS:000223683500003 ER PT J AU Levin, S Martin, MW Riner, WE AF Levin, S Martin, MW Riner, WE TI TV viewing habits and body mass index among South Carolina head start children SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE overweight/obesity; sedentary behavior; television; youth ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; US CHILDREN; OBESITY; TELEVISION; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; FATNESS AB The present study tested the hypothesis that TV viewing habits and overweight would be associated among 4-year-old children. A convenience sample of Head Start students was enrolled (N=148). Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on their children's TV viewing habits for a typical weekday, and for Saturday and Sunday. Height and weight of the children were assessed by the authors. As BMI increased, average hours of TV viewing increased slightly. Nearly 97% of children whose BMI was greater than the 95th percentile for age and sex watched more than one hour of TV, compared with less than 80% of children below the 95th percentile (chi(2)=6.0, P=.01). The present study suggests that TV viewing habits relate to BMI among 4-year old children to approximately the same degree as in older cohorts. C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Ctr Dev Excercise & Nutr Res, Lancaster, SC USA. RP Levin, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, MS-K-46,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM slevin@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 336 EP 339 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 843OO UT WOS:000223093600004 PM 15328934 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Olson, DE AF Norris, SL Olson, DE TI Implementing evidence-based diabetes care in geriatric populations - The chronic care model SO GERIATRICS LA English DT Article DE diabetes; chronic care model; evidence-based medicine guidelines; aging; practice management ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CHRONIC ILLNESS; HEART-FAILURE; MANAGEMENT; INTERVENTION; TRIAL AB The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in order adults continues to increase and their health is often suboptimal. The chronic care model discussed in this article provides a framework for changes in the practice and organization of care for chronic illnesses, including diabetes. This model facilitates optimal care of both individuals and populations, including older adults with diabetes. Evidence-based, clinical interventions that can be implemented in the physician's practice are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0016-867X J9 GERIATRICS JI Geriatrics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 59 IS 6 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 830US UT WOS:000222149900005 PM 15224794 ER PT J AU Vogt, TM Aickin, M Ahmed, F Schmidt, M AF Vogt, TM Aickin, M Ahmed, F Schmidt, M TI The Prevention Index: Using technology to improve quality assessment SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE prevention; quality assessment; electronic medical records; priorities ID PERFORMANCE-MEASUREMENT; SERVICES; PRIORITY; CARE AB Objective. To improve quality of care assessment for preventive medical services and reduce assessment costs through development of a comprehensive prevention quality assessment methodology based on electronic medical records (EMRs). Data Sources. Random sample of 775 adult and 201 child members of a large nonprofit managed care system. Study Design. Problems with current, labor-intensive quality measures were identified and remedied using EMR capabilities. The Prevention Index (PI) was modeled by assessing five-year patterns of delivery of 24 prevention services to adult and child health maintenance organization (HMO) members and comparing those services to consensus recommendations and to selected Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) scores for the HMO. Data Collection. Comprehensive chart reviews of 976 randomly selected members of a large managed care system were used to model the Prevention Index. Principal Findings. Current approaches to prevention quality assessment have serious limitations. The PI eliminates these limitations and can summarize care in a single comprehensive index that can be readily updated. The PI prioritizes services based on benefit, using a person-time approach, and separates preventive from diagnostic and therapeutic services. Conclusions. Current methods for assessing quality are expensive, cannot be applied at all system levels, and have several methodological limitations. The PI, derived from EMRs, allows comprehensive assessment of prevention quality at every level of the system and at lower cost. Standardization of quality assessment capacities of EMRs will permit accurate cross-institutional comparisons. C1 Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Hlth Serv & Policy Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vogt, TM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, 501 Alakawa St,Suite 201, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR5/CCU 917124] NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 511 EP 529 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00242.x PG 19 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 823TP UT WOS:000221636400006 PM 15149476 ER PT J AU Hancock, HE Rogers, WA Schroeder, D Fisk, AD AF Hancock, HE Rogers, WA Schroeder, D Fisk, AD TI Safety symbol comprehension: Effects of symbol type, familiarity, and age SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID HIGHWAY SIGNS; VISIBILITY AB A new procedure for evaluating symbol comprehension, the phrase generation procedure, was assessed with 52 younger and 52 older adults. Participants generated as many phrases as came to mind when viewing 40 different safety symbols (hazard alerting, mandatory action, prohibition, and information symbols). Symbol familiarity was also assessed. Comprehension rates for both groups were lower than the 85% level recommended by the American National Standards Institute. Moreover, older participants' comprehension was significantly worse than younger participants', and the older adults also generated significantly fewer phrases. Generally, prohibition symbols were comprehended best and hazard alerting symbols worst. In addition, symbol familiarity was positively correlated with symbol comprehension. These findings indicate that important safety information depicted on signs and household products may be misunderstood if presented in symbolic form. Furthermore, certain types of symbols may be better understood (e.g., prohibition symbols) than other types (e.g., hazard alerting symbols) by both younger and older individuals. These findings signify the utility of the phrase generation procedure as a method for evaluating symbol comprehension, particularly when it is not possible or desirable to provide contextual information. Actual or potential applications of this research include using the phrase generation approach to identify poorly comprehended symbols, including identification of critical confusions that may arise when processing symbolic information. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hancock, HE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hkh3@cdc.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG18177, P01 AG17211, P50 AG11715] NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SUM PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1518/hfes.46.2.183.37344 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 844LM UT WOS:000223159700001 PM 15359669 ER PT J AU Jernigan, JA AF Jernigan, JA TI Is the burden of Staphylococcus aureus among patients with surgical-site infections growing? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NASAL CARRIAGE; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; INTRANASAL MUPIROCIN; SURGERY; BACTEREMIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jernigan, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 6 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1086/502421 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 829MN UT WOS:000222052800005 PM 15242191 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Graham, DH Dahl, ER Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Gennari, SM Dubey, JP AF Lehmann, Tovi Graham, Douglas H. Dahl, Erica R. Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian M. G. Gennari, S. M. Dubey, J. P. TI Variation in the structure of Toxoplasma gondii and the roles of selfing, drift, and epistatic selection in maintaining linkage disequilibria SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Clonal structure; Linkage disequilibrium; Microsatellite; Molecular epidemiology; Sex; Strain typing; Toxoplasma; Zoonosis AB Previous studies of Toxoplasma gondii, based on samples dominated by clinical isolates, have concluded that its population structure is clonal, despite the sexual reproduction that occurs in cats. To determine whether this applies to non-clinical isolates, we compared patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among seven loci in samples of T. gondii from Brazil and the US. LD was detected in both locations, but it was substantially lower in Brazil. The lower LD in Brazil can be explained by a higher rate of sexual reproduction between different genotypes (outcrossing) because of a higher rate of transmission. The extent of LD between pairs of physically unlinked loci varied significantly in each location. Moreover, the magnitude of LD between corresponding locus pairs in Brazil and the US was correlated, despite minimal gene exchange between the continents (mean F-ST = 0.19). The heterogeneity among locus pairs and the correlation in LD between physically unlinked locus pairs from different continents suggests that locus-specific factors, such as epistatic selection are involved in maintaining LD in T. gondii. Possibly, the unique life cycle of T. gondii with its unpredictable transmission among diverse host species and distinct ecological habitats requires specific combinations of alleles from multiple loci. The usefulness of typing isolates based on physically unlinked loci is questioned not only by the geographic variation in the reproductive population structure, but mainly by the low overall predictability of the genotype of one locus based on the genotype in another (unlinked) locus. This predictability ranged between 23 and 45%, but was close to nil for a considerable fraction of locus pairs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lehmann, Tovi; Graham, Douglas H.; Dahl, Erica R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. [Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian M. G.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Centro Biociencias & Biotecnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, BR-28015 Campos Dos Goytacazes, Goytacazes, Brazil. [Gennari, S. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F22,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. EM lbt2@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2004.01.007 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30OT UT WOS:000208826000004 PM 15157628 ER PT J AU Gerson, LW Stevens, JA AF Gerson, LW Stevens, JA TI Recreational injuries among older Americans, 2001 SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Control CY JUN, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB Objective: To describe the epidemiology of non-fatal recreational injuries among older adults treated in United States emergency departments including national estimates of the number of injuries, types of recreational activities, and diagnoses. Methods: Injury data were provided by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP), a nationally representative subsample of 66 out of 100 NEISS hospitals. Potential cases were identified using the NEISS-AIP definition of a sport and recreation injury. The authors then reviewed the two line narrative to identify injuries related to participation in a sport or recreational activity among men and women more than 64 years old. Results: In 2001, an estimated 62 164 (95% confidence interval 35 570 to 88 758) persons greater than or equal to65 years old were treated in emergency departments for injuries sustained while participating in sport or recreational activities. The overall injury rate was 177.3/100 000 population with higher rates for men (2,42.5/100 000) than for women (151.3/100 000). Exercising caused 30% of injuries among women and bicycling caused 17% of injuries among men. Twenty seven percent of all treated injuries were fractures and women (34%) were more likely than men (21%) to suffer fractures. Conclusions: Recreational activities were a frequent cause of injuries among older adults. Fractures were common. Many of these injuries are potentially preventable. As more persons engage in recreational activities, applying known injury prevention strategies will help to reduce the incidence of these injuries. C1 NE Ohio Univ, Coll Med, Civ Community Hlth Sci, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerson, LW (reprint author), NE Ohio Univ, Coll Med, Civ Community Hlth Sci, POB 95, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA. EM lgerson@neoucom.edu NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 134 EP 138 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.005256 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 844YY UT WOS:000223203300002 PM 15178667 ER PT J AU Conn, JM Annest, JL Gilchrist, J Ryan, GW AF Conn, JM Annest, JL Gilchrist, J Ryan, GW TI Injuries from paintball game related activities in the United States, 1997-2001 SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; EYE AB Objective: To quantify and characterize injuries resulting from paintball game related activities among persons greater than or equal to7 years in the United States. Setting: Hospitals included in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS); these are composed of a stratified probability sample of all hospitals in the United States with emergency departments. Methods: Using NEISS, non-fatal injury data for paintball game related injury cases from 1997-2001 were obtained from emergency department records. Participation estimates used to calculate injury rates were obtained from a yearly survey funded by the National Sporting Goods Association. Results: An estimated 11 998 persons greater than or equal to7 years with paintball game related injuries were treated in emergency departments from 1997-2001, with an annual average rate of 4.5 per 10 000 participants (95% confidence interval 3.3 to 5.7). The paintball game related injury rate was highest for 18-24 year olds (4.9 per 10 000 participants) and most injuries (94.0%) occurred among males. Almost 60% of all injured persons greater than or equal to7 years were treated for paintball pellet wounds of which most were to the eye. While 76.9% of injured persons ages 7-17 years were treated for paintball pellet wounds, almost 40% of those greater than or equal to18 years were treated for injuries resulting from overexertion or a fall. Lower extremity injuries were also common (23.0%), mostly from overexertion. Most injured persons (95.5%) were treated and released. Conclusions: As paintball games become more popular, efforts are needed to increase training, enforce rules, and educate participants about how to stay safe, such as wearing protective eye gear, when engaged in paintball games at home, in a public area, or in a sports field. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Annest, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lannest@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1136/ip.2003.004101 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 844YY UT WOS:000223203300003 PM 15178668 ER PT J AU Chai, F Prevots, DR Wang, XJ Birmingham, M Zhang, RZ AF Chai, F Prevots, DR Wang, XJ Birmingham, M Zhang, RZ TI Neonatal tetanus incidence in China, 1996-2001, and risk factors for neonatal tetanus, Guangxi Province, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonatal tetanus; surveillance; case-control study; tetanus toxoid vaccination ID UMBILICAL-CORD; GHEE AB Background In China during 1995-1996 widespread tetanus toxoid (TT) mass vaccination of women of childbearing age in high-risk areas was conducted and neonatal tetanus (NT) surveillance was initiated as part of NT elimination efforts. Despite a subsequent decrease in the estimated rate of NT, the NT disease burden remains high in poorer areas of China. Methods To describe the recent epidemiology of NT in China and estimate its risk, we analysed national surveillance data in China 1996-2001 and conducted a case-control study in one high-risk county (Bobai): 60 hospitalized cases were sex- and calendar-birth year matched to 60 controls from the same or neighbouring villages. Results Reported national annual NT incidence decreased from 0.21/1000 live births (LB) in 1997 to 0.16/1000 LB in 2001. Case mothers were more likely to be aged >30 years (odds ratio [OR] = 6; 95% CI: 2.2, 20.2), unschooled (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.1, 11.6), and with an annual income of <1000 yuan ($125 USD) (OR = 6.0; 95% CI: 1.9, 25.6). Only 28% of control mothers and 12% of case mothers reported any TT vaccination. In multivariate analysis, relative to hospital delivery, cases had a 64-fold increased odds of home delivery by a family member or neighbour (95% CI: 8.4, 982.2), and a 13-fold increased odds of home delivery by a traditional birth attendant (95% CI: 1.6, 322.6). Conclusions Improved access to clean deliveries in high-risk areas is critically needed in China. Nonetheless, targeted TT vaccination appears to have helped reduce NT incidence in China. C1 Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chai, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop A33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cif1@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1093/ije/dyh073 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 832MR UT WOS:000222272100023 PM 15155708 ER PT J AU Milan, S Lewis, J Ethier, K Kershaw, T Ickovics, JR AF Milan, S Lewis, J Ethier, K Kershaw, T Ickovics, JR TI The impact of physical maltreatment history on the adolescent mother-infant relationship: Mediating and moderating effects during the transition to early parenthood SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescent mothers; attachment; maltreatment; mother-infant relationship ID ADULT ATTACHMENT REPRESENTATIONS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT; MATERNAL SENSITIVITY; ABUSE; PREGNANCY; PREDICTORS; STABILITY; VIOLENCE; RISK AB Using attachment theory as a framework, this paper examines how pregnant adolescents' experiences of physical maltreatment during childhood influence the subsequent mother-infant relationship in 203 low-income adolescents followed from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy through the 1st year of parenthood. The relation between physical maltreatment history and early difficulty in the mother infant relationship was mediated by adolescents' evaluations of the relationship with their primary caretaker and the feelings they associated with motherhood measured prior to childbirth. In addition, a supportive romantic relationship during pregnancy acted as a protective factor by moderating the impact of maltreatment history on the quality of the subsequent mother-infant relationship. Findings support the importance of assessments and interventions that consider the social context and relational history of pregnant and parenting adolescents. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Milan, S (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 135 Coll St,Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM stephanie.milan@yale.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [31T32 MH20031-02, P01 MH/DA 56826-01A1] NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0627 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1023/B:JACP.0000026139.01671.fd PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 816TQ UT WOS:000221132600002 PM 15228174 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Donovan, JE AF Swahn, MH Donovan, JE TI Correlates and predictors of violent behavior among adolescent drinkers SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE aggressive behaviors; alcohol use; correlates; gender differences; predictors; risk factors; violence ID PROBLEM DRINKING; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; SUBSTANCE USE; DRUG-USE; ALCOHOL; AGGRESSION; HEALTH; NEXUS; YOUTH AB Purpose: To examine a wide range of demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors to determine the cross-sectional correlates of violence and longitudinal predictors of violent initiation among adolescent drinkers. Methods: We conducted secondary analyses of the 1995 (Time 1) and 1996 (Time 2) in-home surveys of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). This study included a nationally representative school-based sample (N = 18,924) of adolescents in grades 7-12. The analyses were restricted to adolescent drinkers (n = 8885). Two logistic regression models were constructed using a backward elimination procedure to identify statistically significant cross-sectional correlates of violence and prospective predictors of violence initiation. Results: Half (49%) of all adolescent drinkers reported violent behavior at Time 1 and 15% of those who were not violent at Time 1 reported initiating violent behavior at Time 2. A total of 14 significant cross-sectional correlates of violence were identified that included measures of alcohol use, drug use and selling, exposure to drugs, delinquency, and poor school functioning. Four variables (high-volume drinking, illicit drug use, low grade point average, and having been suspended and/or expelled from school) were significant longitudinal predictors of the initiation of violent behavior. Conclusions: The factors significantly associated with violence pertain mostly to alcohol use, drug use and selling, exposure to drugs, delinquency, and poor school functioning. However, most of these problems and behaviors tend to occur in closer temporal proximity to violent behavior (i.e., within a year) and do not seem to developmentally precede initiation in violent behavior. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K60,CDC,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mswahn@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01 HD 31921] NR 31 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 480 EP 492 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00368-9 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 822RZ UT WOS:000221559000004 PM 15145405 ER PT J AU Kudva, IT Griffin, RW Murray, M John, M Perna, NT Barrett, TJ Calderwood, SB AF Kudva, IT Griffin, RW Murray, M John, M Perna, NT Barrett, TJ Calderwood, SB TI Insertions, deletions, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms at rare restriction enzyme sites enhance discriminatory power of polymorphic amplified typing sequences, a novel strain typing system for Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FOOD-BORNE OUTBREAK; O157-H7; DNA; GENOME; PATHOGENS; PATTERNS; PCR; INFECTIONS; DIVERSITY AB Polymorphic amplified typing sequences (PATS) for Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) was previously based on indels containing Xbal restriction enzyme sites occurring in O-island sequences of the O157 genome. This strain-typing system, referred to as XbaI-based PATS, typed every O157 isolate tested in a reproducible, rapid, straightforward, and easy-to-interpret manner and had technical advantages over pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). However, the system was less discriminatory than PFGE and was unable to differentiate fully between unrelated isolates. To overcome this drawback, we enhanced PATS by using another infrequently cutting restriction enzyme, AvrII (also known as BlnI), to identify additional polymorphic regions that could increase the discriminatory ability of PATS typing. Referred to as AvrII-based PATS, the system identified seven new polymorphic regions in the O157 genome. Unlike Xbal, polymorphisms involving AvrII sites were caused by both indels and single-nucleotide polymorphisms occurring in O-island and backbone sequences of the O157 genome. AvrII-based PATS by itself provided poor discrimination of the O157 isolates tested. However, when primer pairs amplifying the seven polymorphic AvrII sites were combined with those amplifying the eight polymorphic Xbal sites (combined PATS), the discriminatory power of PATS was enhanced. Combined PATS matched related O157 isolates better than PFGE while differentiating between unrelated isolates. PATS typed every O157 isolate tested and directly targeted polymorphic sequences responsible for differences in the restriction digest patterns of O157 genomic DNA, utilizing PCR rather than relying on gel electrophoresis. This enabled PATS to resolve the ambiguity in PFGE typing, including that arising from the "more distantly related" and "untypeable" profiles. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kudva, IT (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM ikudva@partners.org NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2388 EP 2397 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2388-2397.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 829AS UT WOS:000222015800005 PM 15184409 ER PT J AU McNeil, MM Brown, JM Carvalho, ME Hollis, DG Morey, RE Reller, LB AF McNeil, MM Brown, JM Carvalho, ME Hollis, DG Morey, RE Reller, LB TI Molecular epidemiologic evaluation of endocarditis due to Oerskovia turbata and CDC group A-3 associated with contaminated homograft valves SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; SP-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; BACTEREMIA; PATIENT; AIDS AB Oerskovia turbata is an unusual bacterial cause of endocarditis and septicemia in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we compared 12 isolates from a 1975 medical center cluster, 11 originally identified as O. turbata (four from the blood of a homograft aortic valve-associated endocarditis patient and seven from contaminated homograft valves) and one CDC group A-3 strain from the blood of a second endocarditis patient with fatal outcome, with eight control strains from unrelated locations. The control strains included type and reference strains of O. turbata, Cellulomonas hominis, and CDC group A-3. The four blood isolates from the first patient and six of the valve isolates shared identical biochemical, antimicrobial susceptibility, and BglI ribotype patterns that differed from the second patient's isolate and control strains. The blood isolate from the second patient and the remaining valve isolate shared a phenotypic and genotypic profile and were phenotypically identical to, but epidemiologically different from, the CDC group A-3 reference strain with the strain-specific enzyme. Also, these isolates differed from the type strain and the other reference strains of C. hominis and O. turbata. Our results indicate that the four blood isolates from the first patient and six of the homograft valve isolates represent a single clone of O. turbata associated with endocarditis. Additionally, our results indicate that the blood isolate from the second patient and one of the homograft valve isolates differ from O. turbata and C hominis and represent a unique clone of CDC group A-3 associated with fatal endocarditis. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop G-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmb6@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2495 EP 2500 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2495-2500.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 829AS UT WOS:000222015800022 PM 15184426 ER PT J AU Patel, JB Wallace, RJ Brown-Elliott, BA Taylor, T Imperatrice, C Leonard, DGB Wilson, RW Mann, L Jost, KC Nachamkin, I AF Patel, JB Wallace, RJ Brown-Elliott, BA Taylor, T Imperatrice, C Leonard, DGB Wilson, RW Mann, L Jost, KC Nachamkin, I TI Sequence-based identification of aerobic actinomycetes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; NOCARDIA-ASTEROIDES; SP-NOV; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; PATHOGEN; RHODOCOCCUS; STRAINS; AMINOGLYCOSIDES; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB We investigated the utility of 500-bp 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identifying clinically significant species of aerobic actinomycetes. A total of 28 reference strains and 71 clinical isolates that included members of the genera Streptomyces, Gordonia, and Tsukamurella and 10 taxa of Nocardia were studied. Methods of nonsequeueing analyses included growth and biochemical analysis, PCR-restriction enzyme analysis of the 439-bp Telenti fragment of the 65 hsp gene, susceptibility testing, and, for selected isolates, high-performance liquid chromatography. Many of the isolates were included in prior taxonomic studies. Sequencing of Nocardia species revealed that members of the group were generally most closely related to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) type strains. However, the sequences of Nocardia transvalensis, N. otitidiscaviarum, and N. nova isolates were highly variable; and it is likely that each of these species contains multiple species. We propose that these three species be designated complexes until they are more taxonomically defined. The sequences of several taxa did not match any recognized species. Among other aerobic actinomycetes, each group most closely resembled the associated reference strain, but with some divergence. The study demonstrates the ability of partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify members of the aerobic actinomycetes, but the study also shows that a high degree of sequence divergence exists within many species and that many taxa within the Nocardia spp. are unnamed at present. A major unresolved issue is the type strain of N. asteroides, as the present one (ATCC 19247), chosen before the availability of molecular analysis, does not represent any of the common taxa associated with clinical nocardiosis. C1 Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Tyler, TX USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Patel, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vzp4@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2530 EP 2540 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2530-2540.2004 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 829AS UT WOS:000222015800027 PM 15184431 ER PT J AU Herrera-Leon, S McQuiston, JR Usera, MA Fields, PI Garaizar, J Echeita, MA AF Herrera-Leon, S McQuiston, JR Usera, MA Fields, PI Garaizar, J Echeita, MA TI Multiplex PCR for distinguishing the most common phase-1 flagellar antigens of Salmonella spp. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR ANALYSES; GENE; SEROVAR; IDENTIFICATION; RESTRICTION; COMPLEX AB Most Salmonella serotypes alternatively express either phase-1 or phase-2 flagellar antigens, encoded by the fliC and fljB genes, respectively. Flagellar phase reversal for the identification of both flagellar antigens is not necessary at the genetic level. Variable internal regions of the fliC genes encoding the H:i, H:r, H:I,v, H:e,h, H:z(10), H:b, and H:d antigens have been sequenced; and the specific sites for each antigen in selected Salmonella serotypes have been determined. These results, together with flagellar G-complex variable internal sequences obtained by the Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Ga., have been used to design a multiplex PCR to identify the G-complex antigens as well as the H:i, H:r, H:I,v, H:e,h, Hz(10), H:b, and H:d first-phase antigens. These antigens are part of the most common Salmonella serotypes possessing first-phase flagellar antigens. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is identified by adding a specific primer pair published previously (P. G. Agron, R. L. Walker, H. Kinde, S. J. Sawyer, D. C. Hayes, J. Wollard, and G. L. Andersen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:4984-4991, 2001). This multiplex PCR includes 13 primers. A total of 161 Salmonella strains associated with 72 different serotypes were tested. Each strain generated one first-phase-specific antigen fragment ranging from 100 to 500 bp; Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, however, generated two amplicons of 500 bp that corresponded to the G complex and a 333-bp serotype-specific amplicon, respectively. Twenty-three strains representing 19 serotypes with flagellar genes different from those targeted in this work did not generate any fragments. The method is quick, specific, and reproducible and is independent of the phase expressed by the bacteria when they are tested. C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Lab Nacl Referencia Salmonella & Shigella, Madrid 28220, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Basque Country, Fac Farm, Dept Inmunol Microbiol & Parasitol, Vitoria 01006, Spain. RP Herrera-Leon, S (reprint author), Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Lab Nacl Referencia Salmonella & Shigella, Ctra Majadahonda Pozuelo Km 2, Madrid 28220, Spain. EM sherrera@isciii.es NR 19 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2581 EP 2586 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2581-2586.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 829AS UT WOS:000222015800033 PM 15184437 ER PT J AU Burton-MacLeod, JA Kane, EM Beard, RS Hadley, LA Glass, RI Ando, T AF Burton-MacLeod, JA Kane, EM Beard, RS Hadley, LA Glass, RI Ando, T TI Evaluation and comparison of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for detection of antigenically diverse human noroviruses in stool samples SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR; CAPSID PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; UNITED-STATES; GENOGROUP-I; GASTROENTERITIS; EXPRESSION; OUTBREAKS AB Two recently commercialized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, the SRSV(II)-AD (Denka Seiken Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and IDEIA NLV (DakoCytomation Ltd., Ely, United Kingdom) kits, that detect human norovirus (HuNV) antigens in stool samples were evaluated to assess whether they could be used instead of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for routine diagnosis. The sensitivities and specificities of the two kits were tested with a panel of 103 stool samples containing HuNVs of 4 and 10 genetic subgroups within genogroups I and 11 (GI and GII), respectively, and 39 stool samples containing other enteric viruses. The Denka kit had a high sensitivity (>70% for 10 of the 14 subgroups) but a specificity of only 69%, and the Dako kit had a low sensitivity (<30% for 6 GII subgroups) but a high specificity of 100%. Statistical analysis suggests that HuNVs of four subgroups (subgroups GII/2, GII/5, GII/6, and GII/n) are likely to elude detection by the Dako kit. The two kits also demonstrated differences in reactivities. While the Dako kit discriminated between the GI and GII antigens of HuNVs, the Denka kit cross-reacted with samples containing all GI and GII subgroups of HuNVs. Moreover, the Denka kit also reacted with samples containing human sapovirus (HuSV). We demonstrate that the cross-reactivity of the Denka kit is not due to specific reactions with HuNV and HuSV antigens. These results indicate that neither the Denka kit nor the Dako kit has all the performance characteristics required to replace the RT-PCR methods used to detect HuNVs. C1 CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ando, T (reprint author), CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop GO4,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txa5@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2587 EP 2595 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2587.2595.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 829AS UT WOS:000222015800034 PM 15184438 ER PT J AU Dobbs, T Kennedy, S Pau, CP McDougal, JS Parekh, BS AF Dobbs, T Kennedy, S Pau, CP McDougal, JS Parekh, BS TI Performance characteristics of the immunoglobulin G-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay, an assay to detect recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY HIV-1 INFECTION; SUBTYPE-E INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; SEROINCIDENCE; THAILAND; ANTIGEN; RNA; P24 AB Recently, we developed an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) to identify recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion for use in incidence estimates. We have established an algorithm for its use; developed quality control reagents to monitor the assay; and evaluated its performance for interrun, intrarun, and operator variability. Analysis of 144 individual plates, which involved multiple plate lots and several operators over more than a year, indicated that the coefficients of variation (CVs) were between 10 and 15% for raw optical density (OD) values in the dynamic range between 0.5 and 2.0 OD units; the CVs decreased to 5 to 10% when the OD was normalized (OD-n; OD-n = specimen OD/calibrator OD). The intrarun CVs were generally in the range of 5 to 10% for specimens with ODs <0.5 and less than 5% for specimens with ODs >0.5. The level of concordance between multiple plate lots (n = 6) and multiple operators (n = 7) was quite high (R-2 > 0.9). Comparison of the results of the initial and the confirmatory tests with specimens with OD-n values less than or equal to1.5 demonstrated a high degree of correlation (R-2 = 0.92); 566 (92%) of 615 of specimens tested in the two modes retained the same classification (recent or long-term infection). The values for those specimens with changed classifications (n = 49) were close to the cutoff (OD-n = 1.0), as expected. The twofold difference in the HIV IgG contents between the controls and the calibrator reagents was exploited to monitor individual plate runs by using a control plot, which was incorporated into the spreadsheet for data entry and run monitoring. This information provides baseline data for the successful transfer of BED-CEIA to other laboratories and the use of BED-CEIA for the detection of recent HIV seroconversion and the calculation of incidence estimates worldwide. C1 CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parekh, BS (reprint author), CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop D12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bparekh@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2623 EP 2628 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2623-2628.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 829AS UT WOS:000222015800039 PM 15184443 ER PT J AU Sng, LH Koh, TH Toney, SR Floyd, M Butler, WR Tan, BH AF Sng, LH Koh, TH Toney, SR Floyd, M Butler, WR Tan, BH TI Bacteremia caused by Gordonia bronchialis in a patient with sequestrated lung SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; MYCOLIC ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; RHODOCOCCUS; NOCARDIA; TERRAE; INFECTIONS AB Gordonia species have been recognized as pathogens in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. We report the first case of bacteremia due to Gordonia bronchialis in a diabetic patient with a sequestrated lung. Species identification was confirmed with mycolic acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. C1 Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Singapore Gen Hosp, Div Internal Med, Singapore 169608, Singapore. CDCP, TB & Mycobacteries Branch, Div HIV STD & TB, Res Lab,Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sng, LH (reprint author), Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, 1 Hosp Dr, Singapore 169608, Singapore. EM gptslh@sgh.com.sg NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2870 EP 2871 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.6.2870.2871.2004 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 829AS UT WOS:000222015800091 PM 15184495 ER PT J AU Kennedy, MG O'Leary, A Beck, V Pollard, K Simpson, P AF Kennedy, MG O'Leary, A Beck, V Pollard, K Simpson, P TI Increases in calls to the CDC National STD and AIDS hotline following AIDS-related episodes in a soap opera SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID ENTERTAINMENT-EDUCATION; HEALTH BELIEFS; MEDIA; HIV; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; CAMPAIGN; IMPACT; MODEL AB In the United States, minority women are at risk of HIV infection and comprise a disproportionate share of daytime soap opera viewers. In August 2001, a soap opera subplot delivered HIV prevention messages to viewers and displayed the National STD and AIDS Hotline's toll-free number (800-342-2437) after 2 episodes. On both days, the number of attempted calls to the Hotline in the 1-hour time slots during and just after the 30-minute broadcasts rose dramatically. These increases in information-seeking behavior are consistent with predictions based on social cognitive theory, the health belief model, and various models of information processing. The increases also provide support for the Education-Entertainment approach and underscore the importance of a productive partnership between public health and the entertainment industry. C1 Univ So Calif, Annenberg Norman Lear Ctr, Hollywood Hlth & Soc, CDC Funded Program, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Social Hlth Assoc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kennedy, MG (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Simpson, Penny/D-8058-2016 OI Simpson, Penny/0000-0001-5849-1226 NR 40 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0021-9916 J9 J COMMUN JI J. Commun. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 54 IS 2 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.1093/joc/54.2.287 PG 15 WC Communication SC Communication GA 820RD UT WOS:000221406100006 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Penaranda, S Maher, K Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Penaranda, S Maher, K Pallansch, MA TI Complete genome sequences of all members of the species Human enterovirus A SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; COXSACKIE-VIRUS; MOUTH-DISEASE; RECOMBINATION; REGION; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SUBSTITUTIONS; POLIOVIRUS; SEROTYPES AB The species Human enterovirus A (HEV-A) in the family Picornaviridae consists of coxsackieviruses (CV) A2-A8, A10, A12, A14 and A16 and enterovirus 71. Complete genome sequences for the prototype strains of the 10 serotypes whose sequences were not represented in public databases have been determined and analysed in conjunction with previously available complete sequences in GenBank. Members of HEV-A are monophyletic relative to all other human enterovirus species in all regions of the genome except in the 5' non-translated region (NTR), where they are known to cluster with members of HEV-B. The HEV-A prototype strains were about 66 to 86% identical to one another in deduced capsid amino acid sequence. Antigenic cross-reactivity has been reported between CVA3-Olson and CVA8-Donovan, between CVA5-Swartz and CVA12-Texas-12 and between CVA16-G-10 and EV71-BrCr. Similarity plots, individual sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses demonstrate a high degree of capsid sequence similarity within each of these three pairs of prototype strains, providing a molecular basis for the observed antigenic relationships. In several cases, phylogenies constructed from the structural (P1) and non-structural regions of the genome (P2 and P3) are incongruent. The incongruent phylogenies and the similarity plot analyses imply that recombination has played a role in the evolution of the HEV-A prototype strains. CVA6-Gdula clearly contains sequences that are also present in CVA10-Kowalik and CVA12-Texas-12, suggesting that these three strains have a shared evolutionary history despite their lack of similarity in the capsid region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 104 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 85 BP 1597 EP 1607 DI 10.1099/vir.0.79789-0 PN 6 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 830IW UT WOS:000222116600029 PM 15166444 ER PT J AU Li, L Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Shope, RE Barrett, ADT Holbrook, MR AF Li, L Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Shope, RE Barrett, ADT Holbrook, MR TI Molecular determinants of antigenicity of two subtypes of the tick-borne flavivirus Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE PROTEIN-E; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; DENGUE VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; GENOME; MODEL AB In 1964, D. H. Clarke defined two antigenic subtypes of Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) based on polyclonal antibody absorption and haemagglutination assays. The current report defines the molecular basis for these antigenic subtypes by comparison of the complete genomes of OHFV strains Kubrin (subtype I) and Bogoluvovska (subtype II). There were six nucleoticle differences between these two strains throughout the entire genome and they encoded four amino acid changes including three in the viral envelope (E) protein. Two of these changes were in solvent-exposed regions of domain 3 of the E protein, one of which lies in a region that could easily function in virus-host cell or virus-antibody interactions. These results demonstrate the minimal changes that are required to significantly alter the antigenicity of flaviviruses and also demonstrate the tremendous genetic stability of the tick-borne flaviviruses. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodefense & Emerging Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holbrook, MR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM mrholbro@utmb.edu NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 85 BP 1619 EP 1624 DI 10.1099/vir.0.19766-0 PN 6 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 830IW UT WOS:000222116600031 PM 15166446 ER PT J AU Premenko-Lanier, M Rota, PA Rhodes, GH Bellini, WJ McChesney, MB AF Premenko-Lanier, M Rota, PA Rhodes, GH Bellini, WJ McChesney, MB TI Protection against challenge with measles virus (MV) in infant macaques by an MV DNA vaccine administered in the presence of neutralizing antibody SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Virology CY JUL 12-16, 2003 CL Davis, CA SP Amer Soc Virol ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; RHESUS MACAQUES; MUMPS VACCINATION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNIZATION; HIV-1; HEMAGGLUTININ AB Measles virus (MV) infection is the major cause of vaccine-preventable death in infants and children worldwide. It is difficult to achieve immunity to MV infection by use of vaccines in infants during the first 6-9 months of life because of the presence of maternal antibody. Morbidity and mortality due to MV infection would decrease substantially if a vaccine administered at birth could prime immunity in the presence of maternal antibody. We demonstrate here that an MV DNA vaccine administered to infant macaques in the presence of maternal antibody primes MV-specific T cell responses but not de novo neutralizing antibody. This vaccine protected 80% of the infant macaques from skin rash and MV-induced immunosuppression. A molecular interleukin-2 adjuvant was required for protection with this vaccine. This macaque model shows that infants can be vaccinated against MV in the presence of maternal antibody. These results suggest that it is possible to develop an MV DNA vaccine that could protect infants in developing countries during the first months of life. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McChesney, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Cty Rd 98, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mbmcchesney@ucdavis.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI45827, AI44481]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU913348] NR 36 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 11 BP 2064 EP 2071 DI 10.1086/420792 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 823ZQ UT WOS:000221653500014 PM 15143474 ER PT J AU Green, MD D'Souza, MJ Holbrook, JM Wirtz, RA AF Green, MD D'Souza, MJ Holbrook, JM Wirtz, RA TI In vitro and in vivo evaluation of albumin-encapsulated primaquine diphosphate prepared by nebulization into heated oil SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE encapsulation; primaquine; malaria; albumin ID LIPOSOMES; MALARIA AB Nebulization of an aqueous mixture of primaquine diphosphate and albumin into heated vegetable oil produces spherical particles with an average size of 6 mum. The microparticles are relatively stabile in buffers of pH 7.2 and 4.5 and completely degrade when exposed to proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the albumin-encapsulated primaquine diphosphate shows significantly higher levels in mouse liver tissue relative to free drug 2-48 h post-IP administration. Higher AUC (2.8x), lower steady-state volume of distribution (10x) and slower half-life (2.5x) relative to an equivalent dose of free primaquine diphosphate suggest liver targeting and sustained release of the drug from the microparticles. C1 Mercer Univ, So Sch Pharm, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP D'Souza, MJ (reprint author), Mercer Univ, So Sch Pharm, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dsouza_mj@mercer.edu NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 433 EP 444 DI 10.1080/02652040410001729232 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 864AX UT WOS:000224606200005 PM 15513749 ER PT J AU Leis, AA Van Gerpen, JA Sejvar, JJ AF Leis, AA Van Gerpen, JA Sejvar, JJ TI The aetiology of flaccid paralysis in West Nile virus infection SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID POLIOMYELITIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ochsner Clin & Alton Ochsner Med Fdn, New Orleans, LA USA. Methodist Rehabil Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-3050 J9 J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS JI J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry PD JUN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 6 BP 940 EP 940 DI 10.1136/jnnp.2003.027318 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery GA 824GX UT WOS:000221675700038 PM 15146026 ER PT J AU Macaluso, M Larson, R Lynch, J Lipton, S Delzell, E AF Macaluso, M Larson, R Lynch, J Lipton, S Delzell, E TI Historical estimation of exposure to 1,3-butadiene, styrene, and dimethyldithiocarbamate among synthetic rubber workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE 1,3-butadiene; dimethyldithiocarbamate; epidemiologic studies; exposure assessment; leukemia; styrene ID LYMPHOHEMATOPOIETIC CANCER; BUTADIENE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDUSTRY/; AGREEMENT; LEUKEMIA AB Quantitative estimates of exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD), styrene (STY), and dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC) were developed for a follow-up study of workers at six North American synthetic rubber plants. Procedures entailed identifying tasks and jobs involving exposure, identifying factors influencing historical changes in exposure potential, and using mathematical models to calculate job- and time-period-specific exposures. Exposure metrics included 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) intensity, the annual number of peak exposures (BD: >100 ppm, STY: >50 ppm) and TWA intensity below and above the peak threshold. The 5th and 95th percentiles of the approximate probability distribution of each exposure estimate served as its 90% uncertainty interval. Job- and year-specific estimates were linked with subjects' work histories to obtain cumulative exposure indices. Exposure estimates varied among tasks, jobs, plants, and time periods. BD TWAs were approximately 10 ppm during the 1940s-1960s and declined during the 1970s and 1980s. STY TWAs were always <2 ppm. DMDTC exposure began in the 1950s, was high through the 1960s, and later declined. BD peak exposure accounted for a large proportion of cumulative BD exposure, whereas almost none of the STY exposure was experienced at levels >50 ppm. Exposure indices were correlated. Exposures were higher than previously estimated. Multiple correlations among DMDTC, BD, and STY exposure estimates make it difficult to estimate agent-specific effects. Limitations of the methodology include the potential inaccuracy of the estimates, the lack of adequate industrial hygiene data to validate the estimates, the additional inaccuracy of linkage with poorly specified job groups, and the potential for differential exposure misclassification because the jobs and work areas where excess leukemia mortality occurred were well-known at the time of this study. Nevertheless, the new exposure estimates were highly correlated with the old, yielding equivalent exposure ranking of workers and were comparable to limited industrial hygiene data published by NIOSH. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. EM mmacaluso@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 1 IS 6 BP 371 EP 390 DI 10.1080/15459620490452004 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 825EV UT WOS:000221739700007 PM 15238328 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Petsonk, EL AF Wang, ML Petsonk, EL TI Repeated measures of FEV1 over six to twelve months: What change is abnormal? SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; LUNG-FUNCTION; ONE 2ND; SPIROMETRY; VARIABILITY; ADULTS; DISEASE AB Monitoring change in FEV1 (DeltaFEV(1)) is useful for assessing adverse respiratory effects in an individual, but high variability impedes reliable recognition of accelerated decline. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommends a greater than or equal to15% year-to-year FEV1 decline for clinical significance. To evaluate the applicability of this criterion in health monitoring programs, we examined the mean, lower 5th percentile, and lower 5% cutoff value of DeltaFEV(1) determined from 2 tests at 6- and 12-month intervals using data obtained with ATS-recommended equipment and procedures in 389 white male workers, each with 3 to 11 spirometry tests over 5 years. Results indicate that when healthy working males perform spirometry according to ATS standards, a yearly decline in FEV1 greater than 8% or 330 mL should not be considered normal, whereas the 15% ATS criterion could be appropriate in clinical settings. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, FCCP, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Petsonk, EL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, FCCP, Mail Stop H-G900-2,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM elp2@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6 BP 591 EP 595 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000128159.09520.2a PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 828ID UT WOS:000221966100013 PM 15213522 ER PT J AU Durden, LA Ellis, BA Banks, CW Crowe, JD Oliver, JH AF Durden, LA Ellis, BA Banks, CW Crowe, JD Oliver, JH TI Ectoparasites of gray squirrels in two different habitats and screening of selected ectoparasites for bartonellae SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; FLEAS SIPHONAPTERA; HENSELAE; SPP.; PULICIDAE; QUINTANA; RODENTS; DISEASE; CULTURE; TICKS AB Gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, were livetrapped in 2 different habitat types, woodland (67 squirrels) and parkland (53 squirrels), in southeastern Georgia. Ectoparasites were recovered from anesthetized squirrels and compared between hosts from the 2 habitats. Because of the absence of low vegetation in parkland habitats, it was hypothesized that the ectoparasite fauna, especially ticks and chiggers, would be more diverse on woodland squirrels. The results were generally in agreement with this hypothesis. Seventeen species of ectoparasites were recovered from woodland squirrels, compared with 6 species from parkland squirrels. Five species of ticks and 3 species of chiggers parasitized the woodland squirrels compared with no ticks or chiggers on the parkland squirrels. Significantly higher infestation prevalences were recorded on woodland compared with parkland squirrels for the flea Orchopeas howardi, the tick Amblyomma americanum, and the mesostigmatid mite Androlaelaps fahrenholzi. The mean intensity for O. howardi also was significantly higher on woodland than on parkland squirrels. Because a new strain of Bartonella sp. was isolated recently from S. carolinensis in Georgia, selected ectoparasites from this study were screened for bartonellae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Some of the fleas and lice, but none of the mites tested, were PCR positive, suggesting that fleas, or lice, or both, might be vectors of bartonellae between squirrels. Six distinct strains of Bartonella sp. were detected, 2 in fleas and 4 in lice. C1 Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergency Responses, Select Agent Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Durden, LA (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM ldurden@georgiasouthern.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 40729] NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 90 IS 3 BP 485 EP 489 DI 10.1645/GE-3299 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 832UH UT WOS:000222292200009 PM 15270090 ER PT J AU Levine, MZ Calderon, JCS Wilkins, PP Lane, WS Asara, JM Hancock, K Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Levine, MZ Calderon, JCS Wilkins, PP Lane, WS Asara, JM Hancock, K Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW TI Characterization, cloning, and expression of two diagnostic antigens for taenia solium tapeworm infection SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN DATABASE; HEALTH PROBLEM; BLOT ASSAY; CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; HUMANS; ELISA; CODON AB Adult and larval stages of Taenia solium cause 2 diseases in humans, i.e., taeniasis and cysticercosis, respectively. Diagnosis and treatment of taeniasis are the ultimate means to eliminate cysticercosis. A serological taeniasis diagnostic test has been developed for laboratory use. However, recombinant forms of the taeniasis diagnostic proteins are required to overcome the limited supply of native proteins and allow the development of a low-cost and field-applicable test with high sensitivity and specificity. Using 2-dimensional electrophoresis of T. solium excretory and secretory (TSES) products from hamster adult tapeworm in vitro cultures, we have identified 5 T. solium-specific protein spots, with molecular weights of 33 kDa (protein isoelectrofocusing point [pI]: 5.6, 5.3, 5.1) and 38 kDa (pl: 4.6, 4.5). Protein sequencing and molecular cloning of these proteins showed that although endowed with different pIs, the proteins with the same molecular weights shared the same protein backbone, named TSES33 and TSES38. Their full-length complementary DNAs encode proteins with 267 and 278 amino acids, respectively. TSES33 and TSES38 were expressed in a baculovirus system. Both recombinant proteins were recognized by a panel of taeniasis, but not cysticercosis patient serum samples, indicating that they can potentially replace the native proteins in the development of a more efficacious taeniasis diagnostic test. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Levine, MZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mlevine@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 P01 AI51976-01, U01 AI35894] NR 25 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 90 IS 3 BP 631 EP 638 DI 10.1645/GE-189R PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 832UH UT WOS:000222292200031 PM 15270112 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Rudolph, D Wang, W Cole, AM Sherman, MA Waring, AJ Lehrer, RI Lal, RB AF Owen, SM Rudolph, D Wang, W Cole, AM Sherman, MA Waring, AJ Lehrer, RI Lal, RB TI A theta-defensin composed exclusively of D-amino acids is active against HIV-1 SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE enantiopeptide; HIV-1; retrocyclin; theta-defensin ID RHESUS-MACAQUE LEUKOCYTES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; DIRECT INACTIVATION; CERVICAL-CARCINOMA; BINDING-PROPERTIES; ALPHA-DEFENSIN-1; MINIDEFENSINS; RETROCYCLIN; BACTERIAL; DISTINCT AB The ability of certain theta-defensins, including retrocyclin-1, to protect human cells from infection by HIV-1 marks them as potentially useful molecules. theta-Defensins composed of L-amino acids are likely to be unstable in environments that contain host and microbial proteases. This study compared the properties of two enantiomeric theta-defensins, retrocyclin-1, and RC-112. Although these peptides have identical sequences, RC-112 is composed exclusively of D-amino acids, whereas retrocyclin-1 contains only L-amino acids. We compared the ability of these peptides to protect JC53-BL human cells from infection by 30 primary HIV-1 isolates. JC53-BL cells are modified HeLa cells that express surface CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5. They also contain reporter cassettes that are driven by the HIV-1 LTR, and express beta-galactosidase and luciferase. The HIV-1 isolates varied in co-receptor specificity and included subtypes A, B, C, D, CRF01-AE, and G. RC-112 was several fold more potent than retrocyclin-1 across the entire HIV-1 panel. Although RC-112 bound immobilized gp120 and CD4 with lower affinity than did retrocyclin-1, surface plasmon resonance experiments performed with 1 mug/mL of RC-112 and retrocyclin-1 revealed that both glycoproteins were bound to a similar extent. The superior antiviral performance of RC-112 most likely reflected its resistance to degradation by surface-associated or secreted proteases of the JC53-BL target cells. theta-Defensins composed exclusively of D-amino acids merit consideration as starting points for designing microbicides for topical application to the vagina or rectum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Div Biomed Informat, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. RP Owen, SM (reprint author), Mail Stop D-12 HIDB,DASTLR,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM smo2@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 37945, AI 056921, AI 22839, AI 52017] NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 63 IS 6 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00155.x PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 825FN UT WOS:000221741500003 PM 15175019 ER PT J AU Petersen, JL Floore, TG Brogdon, WG AF Petersen, JL Floore, TG Brogdon, WG TI Diagnostic dose of synergized D-phenothrin for insecticide susceptibility testing by bottle bioassay SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE d-phenothrin; ANVIL((R)) 10+10; insecticide resistance; Culex quinquefasciatus; Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus AB The diagnostic dose of d-phenothrin synergized 1: 1 with piperonyl butoxide for testing insecticide susceptibility of mosquitoes by bottle bioassay is reported for 2 mosquito species, Culex quinquefasciatus and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. The diagnostic dose was defined as 2 times the 95% lethal concentration (LC95). LC50, LC90 and LC95 were estimated by probit analysis of dose-response data. Procedures for diluting the commercial-grade off-the-shelf pesticide in acetone, treating the bottles, and calculating baseline data for insecticide-susceptible mosquito populations are described. The advantages and disadvantages of testing off-the-shelf commercial-grade pesticides that are maintained on premises by mosquito control programs, in contrast to using reagent-grade chemicals purchased from a chemical supply house, are also discussed. Data obtained by this method can be invaluable in making timely management decisions about the choice of pesticides in a control program. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Petersen, JL (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ Ctr, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, 4000 Frankford Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830KF UT WOS:000222120200016 PM 15264629 ER PT J AU Savage, HM Strickman, D AF Savage, HM Strickman, D TI The genus and subgenus categories within culicidae and placement of Ochlerotatus as a subgenus of Aedes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes; Ochlerotatus; Culicidae; genus and subgenus categories; mosquito control; oviposition behavior ID FINE-STRUCTURE; EGGS; DIPTERA; CLASSIFICATION; MOSQUITOES; AEGYPTI AB Many species of Culicidae are of major medical, veterinary, and economic importance. To facilitate discussion among taxonomists, medical entomologists, ecologists, and vector control specialists. it is essential that culicidologists be able to readily recognize individual genera. Adult female mosquitoes, the stage most often encountered in surveys, should be identifiable to genus without dissection with the aid of a good-quality dissecting microscope. Female adult specimens of Ochlerotatus and Aedes as defined by Reinert cannot be identified morphologically without dissection, and no distinct differences in biology, behavior, and ecology distinguish these 2 taxa as currently defined. Use of these names as genera complicates mosquito identification and interferes with information retrieval and communication among taxonomists, medical entomologists, and vector control specialists. Therefore, it is our opinion that Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribalzaga should be placed as a subgenus of Aedes Meigen, Aedes (Ochlerotatus). We believe that the usage of the genus Aedes and the subgenus Ae. (Ochlerotatus) should be restored to the traditional usage during the interval 1906-2000. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Savage, HM (reprint author), Santa Clara Cty Vector Control Dist, 976 Lenzen Ave, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 208 EP 214 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830KF UT WOS:000222120200023 PM 15264635 ER PT J AU Garfein, RS Monterroso, ER Tong, TC Vlahov, D Des Jarlais, DC Selwyn, P Kerndt, PR Word, C Fernando, MD Ouellet, LJ Holmberg, SD AF Garfein, RS Monterroso, ER Tong, TC Vlahov, D Des Jarlais, DC Selwyn, P Kerndt, PR Word, C Fernando, MD Ouellet, LJ Holmberg, SD TI Comparison of HIV infection risk behaviors among injection drug users from East and West Coast US cities SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; human immunodeficiency virus; incidence; injection drug use; prevalence; risk factors ID SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; VIRUS; AIDS AB This study assessed whether behavioral differences explained higher human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence among injection drug users (IDUs) in three East Coast versus two West Coast cities in the United States. Sociodemographic, sexual, and injecting information were collected during semiannual face-to-face interviews. Baseline data from New York City; Baltimore, Maryland; and New Haven, Connecticut, were compared with data from Los Angeles, California, and San Jose, California. Among 1,528 East Coast and 1,149 West Coast participants, HIV seroprevalence was 21.5% and 2.3%, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 11.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9-17.8). HIV risk behaviors were common among IDUs on both coasts, and several were more common among West Coast participants. Adjusting for potential risk factors, East (vs. West) Coast of residence remained highly associated with HIV status (adjusted OR 12.14; 95% CI 7.36-20.00). Differences in HIV seroprevalence between East and West Coast cities did not reflect self-reported injection or sexual risk behavior differences. This suggests that other factors must be considered, such as the probability of having HIV-infected injection or sexual partners. Prevention efforts are needed on the West Coast to decrease HIV-associated risk behaviors among ID Us, and further efforts are also needed to reduce HIV incidence on the East Coast. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY 10003 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, AIDS Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Western Consortium Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. ADAPT, Bronx, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Garfein, RS (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgarfein@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 81 IS 2 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1093/jurban/jth112 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 825OU UT WOS:000221768600011 PM 15136659 ER PT J AU Golub, ET Latka, M Hagan, H Havens, JR Hudson, SM Kapadia, F Campbell, JV Garfein, RS Thomas, DL Strathdee, SA AF Golub, ET Latka, M Hagan, H Havens, JR Hudson, SM Kapadia, F Campbell, JV Garfein, RS Thomas, DL Strathdee, SA CA STRIVE Project TI Screening for depressive symptoms among HCV-infected injection drug users: Examination of the utility of the CES-D and the beck depression inventory SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE injection drug users (IDUs); interferon; hepatitis C infection; depression; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INTERFERON-ALPHA; PSYCHIATRIC-DIAGNOSIS; RISK BEHAVIORS; ADDICTS; RELIABILITY; ADHERENCE; SCALE; TRIAL AB The prevalence of depression is high among injection drug users (ID Us) and among those infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Moreover, one of the drugs used in the standard treatment for HCV infection (interferon) has been known to exacerbate underlying psychiatric disorders such as depression and has been associated with the development of major depressive disorder among HCV-infected patients. For these reasons, the most recent National Institutes of Health consensus statement on the management of HCV infection recommends the identification and treatment of depression prior to the start of HCV treatment. This study aimed to examine the extent of current moderate/severe depressive symptoms in a cohort of HCV-infected IDUs as measured by two screening tools, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Subjects were participants in a multisite behavioral intervention trial among HCV-seropositive, human immunodeficiency virus-negative IDUs aged 18-35 years; the trial was designed to prevent secondary transmission of HCV and to enhance uptake of HCV treatment. Baseline data on demographics, risk behaviors, depression, alcohol use, and health care utilization were measured via audio computer-assisted self-interview. A factor analysis was conducted on each scale to examine the clustering of items used in each to measure depressive symptoms. Baseline depressive symptoms, as measured via the CES-D and the BDI, were also compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Of 193 HCV-infected individuals enrolled to date, 75.6% were male, and 65.3% were white. Median age was 25.8 years. Factor analyses revealed that these scales measured depression differently; a distinct somatic component was present in the BDI, but not the CES-D. Using cutoff scores of 23 for the CES-D and 19 for the BDI, 44.0% and 41.5% of the participants were identified as having moderate/severe depressive symptoms, respectively. Over half (56.0%) were identified as having depressive symptoms by either scale. However, there was only moderate agreement between the two scales (kappa=0.46). Depressive symptoms were highly prevalent in this cohort of HCV-infected IDUs. Results indicated that both scales should be used in tandem to have the most sensitive detection of depressive symptoms, thereby maximizing the potential for HCV treatment success. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, Ctr Drug Use & HIV Res, New York, NY USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Golub, ET (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Infect Dis, 627 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM egolub@jhsph.edu RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009 FU NIDA NIH HHS [5R01DA14499] NR 37 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 81 IS 2 BP 278 EP 290 DI 10.1093/jurban/jth114 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 825OU UT WOS:000221768600013 PM 15136661 ER PT J AU Ruedas, LA Salazar-Bravo, J Tinnin, DS Armien, B Caceres, L Garcia, A Diaz, MA Gracia, F Suzan, G Peters, CJ Yates, TL Mills, JN AF Ruedas, LA Salazar-Bravo, J Tinnin, DS Armien, B Caceres, L Garcia, A Diaz, MA Gracia, F Suzan, G Peters, CJ Yates, TL Mills, JN TI Community ecology of small mammal populations in Panama following an outbreak of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calabazo virus; Choclo virus; hantavirus ecology; Muridae; Panama; Sigmodontinae ID VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; LYME-DISEASE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; GLOBAL CHANGE; EL-NINO; BIODIVERSITY AB In late 1999 and early 2000, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurred in and around Los Santos, on the Azuero Peninsula of southwestern Panama. This HPS episode, resulting in 22% case fatality, was linked to the Costa Rican pigmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys fulvescens costaricensis, which harbored a then undescribed hantavirus, Choclo virus. In addition, Cherrie's cane rat, Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei, was identified as carrying a distinct hantavirus, Calabazo virus with no known pathogenicity to humans. Herein we present the ecological results of the outbreak investigations in the Azuero region. A total of 164 animals were captured, of which 126 were potential small, non-volant mammal hosts of a hantavirus: rodents in the family Muridae. There were significant differences in small mammal community structure between case sites and a negative control site. Differences were manifest in ecological measures of species diversity and in species evenness and heterogeneity measures, as indicated by Pairwise Euclidian distances and Morisita indices of community similarity. Our analyses suggest that human activities (i.e., deforestation for cattle ranching) coupled with environmental factors (i.e., increased precipitation) may have synergistically coalesced for an increased risk of HPS to area residents. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Portland State Univ, Museum Vertebrate Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Nebraska, Manter Lab Parasitol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Inst Conmemorat Gorgas Estudios Salud, Panama City, Panama. Minist Salud, Secc Control Vectores & Zoonosis, Panama City, Panama. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Sci Bldg 2,Room 232, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 76 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 EI 1948-7134 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 177 EP 191 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 836BB UT WOS:000222528600021 PM 15266755 ER PT J AU Riddle, C Mainzer, H Julian, M AF Riddle, C Mainzer, H Julian, M TI Training the veterinary public health workforce: A review of educational opportunities in US veterinary schools SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; APPLIED EPIDEMIOLOGY; STUDENTS; FUTURE; PREVENTION; MEDICINE; ANIMALS AB This article presents the results of an Internet-based review conducted in January and February 2003 to assess the educational opportunities available in veterinary public health, epidemiology, and preventive medicine at the 27 veterinary schools in the United States. Most professional veterinary curricula are designed to train students for careers as highly qualified private practitioners, although there is an increased need for veterinary perspectives and contributions in the public health sector. The future of veterinary public health relies on the opportunities available in education to teach and encourage students to pursue a career of public service. The results of this review indicate the availability of a wide variety of required courses, electives, and post-graduate training programs to veterinary students in the United States. Veterinary students are exposed to a median of 60 hours of public health, epidemiology, and preventive medicine in required stand-alone courses in these areas. Four veterinary schools also have required rotations for senior students in public health, preventive medicine, or population medicine. Contact time for required public health, epidemiology, and preventive medicine courses ranges from 30 to 150 contact hours. Advanced training was available in these subjects at 79% of the 27 schools. Greater collaboration between veterinary schools, schools of public health, and the professional public health community will increase exposure to and opportunities in public health to all future veterinarians. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Environm Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Riddle, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Environm Serv Branch, Mailstop F-28,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM riddledvm@yahoo.com NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.3138/jvme.31.2.161 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 833BW UT WOS:000222312400016 PM 15181599 ER PT J AU Chen, R Neill, JD Noel, JS Hutson, AM Glass, RI Estes, MK Prasad, BVV AF Chen, R Neill, JD Noel, JS Hutson, AM Glass, RI Estes, MK Prasad, BVV TI Inter- and intragenus structural variations in caliciviruses and their functional implications SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; SEA LION VIRUS; RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; PHYSALIS MOTTLE VIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN GENE; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ENTERIC CALICIVIRUS; INFECTED-CELLS AB The family Caliciviridae is divided into four genera and consists of single-stranded RNA viruses with hosts ranging from humans to a wide variety of animals. Human caliciviruses are the major cause of outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, whereas animal caliciviruses cause various host-dependent illnesses with a documented potential for zoonoses. To investigate inter- and intragenus structural variations and to provide a better understanding of the structural basis of host specificity and strain diversity, we performed structural studies of the recombinant capsid of Grimsby virus, the recombinant capsid of Parkville virus, and San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 4 (SMSV4), which are representative of the genera Norovirus (genogroup 2), Sapovirus, and Vesivirus, respectively. A comparative analysis of these structures was performed with that of the recombinant capsid of Norwalk virus, a prototype member of Norovirus genogroup 1. Although these capsids share a common architectural framework of 90 dimers of the capsid protein arranged on a T=3 icosahedral lattice with a modular domain organization of the subunit consisting of a shell (S) domain and a protrusion (P) domain, they exhibit distinct differences. The distally located P2 subdomain of P shows the most prominent differences both in shape and in size, in accordance with the observed sequence variability. Another major difference is in the relative orientation between the S and P domains, particularly between those of noroviruses and other caliciviruses. Despite being a human pathogen, the Parkville virus capsid shows more structural similarity to SMSV4, an animal calicivirus, suggesting a closer relationship between sapoviruses and animal caliciviruses. These comparative structural studies of caliciviruses provide a functional rationale for the unique modular domain organization of the capsid protein with an embedded flexibility reminiscent of an antibody structure. The highly conserved S domain functions to provide an icosahedral scaffold; the hypervariable P2 subdomain may function as a replaceable module to confer host specificity and strain diversity; and the P1 subdomain, located between S and P2, provides additional fine-tuning to position the P2 subdomain. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Prasad, BVV (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Alkek Bldg N410,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM vprasad@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 09197, T32 CA009197]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 38036] NR 63 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 12 BP 6469 EP 6479 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.12.6469-6497.2004 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 825QC UT WOS:000221772000040 PM 15163740 ER PT J AU Pozharskaya, VP Weakland, LL Zimring, JC Krug, LT Unger, ER Neisch, A Joshi, H Inoue, N Offermann, MK AF Pozharskaya, VP Weakland, LL Zimring, JC Krug, LT Unger, ER Neisch, A Joshi, H Inoue, N Offermann, MK TI Short duration of elevated vIRF-1 expression during lytic replication of human herpesvirus 8 limits its ability to block antiviral responses induced by alpha interferon in BCBL-1 cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; REGULATORY FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; DNA-REPLICATION; BINDING PROTEIN; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; GENOMIC INSTABILITY AB Human herpesvirus 8 (HRV-8) encodes multiple proteins that disrupt the host antiviral response, including viral interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 1 (vIRF-1). The product of the vIRF-1 gene blocks responses to IFN when overexpressed by transfection, but the functional consequence of vIRF-1 that is expressed during infection with HHV-8 is not known. These studies demonstrate that BCBL-1 cells that were latently infected with HHV-8 expressed low levels of vIRF-1 that were associated with PML bodies, whereas much higher levels of vIRF-1 were transiently expressed during the lytic phase of HHV-8 replication. The low levels of vIRF-1 that were associated with PML bodies were insufficient to block alpha IFN (IFN-alpha)-induced alterations in gene expression, whereas cells that expressed high levels of vIRF-1 were resistant to some changes induced by IFN-alpha, including the expression of the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase. High levels of vIRF-1 were expressed for only a short period during the lytic cascade, so many cells with HHV-8 in the lytic phase responded to IFN-alpha with increased expression of antiviral genes and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, the production of infectious virus was severely compromised when IFN-alpha was present early during the lytic cascade. These studies indicate that the transient expression of high levels of vIRF-1 is inadequate to subvert many of the antiviral effects of IFN-alpha so that IFN-alpha can effectively induce apoptosis and block production of infectious virus when present early in the lytic cascade of HHV-8. C1 Emory Univ, Winship Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Cell Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Offermann, MK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Winship Canc Ctr, 1365-B Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mofferm@emory.edu OI Zimring, James/0000-0002-1063-4010; Krug, Laurie/0000-0002-9648-522X; Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 79402] NR 74 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 12 BP 6621 EP 6635 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.12.6621-6635.2004 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 825QC UT WOS:000221772000053 PM 15163753 ER PT J AU Arias, I AF Arias, I TI Report from the CDC - The legacy of child maltreatment: Long-term health consequences for women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SEXUAL ABUSE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; VICTIMIZATION; NEGLECT; REVICTIMIZATION; EXPERIENCES; HISTORIES; ADULTHOOD AB In 2001, over 903,000 children were victims of physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment and neglect. Available retrospective and longitudinal data suggest that child maltreatment has a significant negative impact directly on women's physical and mental health in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Additionally, childhood maltreatment is a critical risk factor for physical and sexual victimization in adulthood, especially by an intimate partner. The harmful effects of victimization in adulthood among women are substantial, and the negative outcomes of adulthood victimization are especially pronounced when there is a history of childhood maltreatment. Therefore, in addition to the direct effects in childhood, child maltreatment appears to have an indirect effect on women's physical and mental health by increasing the risk for victimization which, in turn, has a direct negative impact on health. The results of existing empirical studies point to the importance of preventing child maltreatment and its short-term and long-term consequences. Intervening at an early stage may reduce a child's likelihood of developing long-term health problems, and also reduce the public health burden of child maltreatment by preventing future health problems and revictimization in adulthood with all its negative health consequences. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Arias, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM IArias@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 468 EP 473 DI 10.1089/1540999041280990 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300001 PM 15257839 ER PT J AU Viadro, CI AF Viadro, CI TI Taking stock of WISEWOMAN SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Viadro, CI (reprint author), Care of Will JC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JWill@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 480 EP 483 DI 10.1089/1540999041281115 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300003 ER PT J AU Will, JC Farris, RP Sanders, CG Stockmyer, CK Finkelstein, EA AF Will, JC Farris, RP Sanders, CG Stockmyer, CK Finkelstein, EA TI Health promotion interventions for disadvantaged women: Overview of the WISEWOMAN projects SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PROGRAM; CHOLESTEROL; NUTRITION; REDUCTION; TRIAL AB Background: The Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) program aims to remove racial and ethnic disparities in health by addressing the screening and intervention needs of midlife uninsured women. This paper describes the WISEWOMAN program requirements, the design of the 12 projects funded in 2002, the use of a standardized data reporting and analysis system, risk factors among participants, effective behavioral strategies, and plans for the future. Methods: The WISEWOMAN demonstration projects are examining the feasibility and effectiveness of adding a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention component to the early detection of breast and cervical cancer. Women aged 40-64 are eligible if they are enrolled in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) in selected U. S. states and are financially disadvantaged and lack health insurance. The primary outcome measures are blood pressure, lipid levels, and tobacco use. Intermediate measures include self-reported diet and physical activity, measures of readiness for change, and barriers to behavior change. Results: During 2002, the 10 projects that were fully operational screened 8164 financially disadvantaged women and developed culturally and regionally appropriate nutrition and physical activity interventions for a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds. Twenty-three percent of the women screened had high total cholesterol, with 48% of these being newly diagnosed. Thirty-eight percent of the women had high blood pressure, with 24% being newly diagnosed. Approximately, 75% of participants were either overweight or obese, and in some sites up to 42% were smokers. Conclusions: The WISEWOMAN demonstration projects have been successful at reaching financially disadvantaged and minority women who are at high risk for chronic diseases. These projects face challenges because they are generally implemented by safety net providers who have limited resources and staff to conduct research and evaluation. On the other hand, the findings from these projects will be especially informative in reducing health disparities because they are conducted in those settings where the most socially and medically vulnerable women receive care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Will, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JWill@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 15 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 484 EP 502 DI 10.1089/1540999041281025 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300004 PM 15257842 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Khavjou, OA Mobley, LR Haney, DM Will, JC AF Finkelstein, EA Khavjou, OA Mobley, LR Haney, DM Will, JC TI Racial/ethnic disparities in coronary heart disease risk factors among WISEWOMAN enrollees SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH DISPARITIES; INCOME INEQUALITY; CARE; RACE; TRENDS; WOMEN AB Background: We used the baseline data collected for the Well-integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) participants to provide a snapshot of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk on enrollment and to address racial/ethnic disparities in the following CVD risk factors: body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, diabetes and smoking prevalence, 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, and treatment and awareness of high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. Methods: We used linear regression analysis to ( 1) assess the presence of racial/ethnic disparities and test whether existing disparities can be explained by ( 2) differences in individual characteristics or by ( 3) differences in individual and community characteristics. Results: Our results reveal a high degree of CVD risk among the WISEWOMAN participants and statistically significant racial/ethnic disparities in risk factors. Black participants were at the greatest risk of CVD, and Hispanic and Alaska Native participants were healthier in terms of CVD risk than white participants. Some racial/ethnic disparities were explained by differences in individual and community characteristics, but other disparities persisted even after controlling for these factors. Conclusions: Because differences in community characteristics explain many of the racial/ethnic disparities in CVD risk factors, eliminating disparities may require community-wide interventions. Successful WISEWOMAN projects are likely to not only reduce CVD risk factors overall but also to lessen racial/ethnic disparities in these risk factors. C1 RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hlth Promot & Behav, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM finkelse@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 503 EP 518 DI 10.1089/1540999041280963 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300005 PM 15257843 ER PT J AU Mobley, LR Finkelstein, EA Khavjou, OA Will, JC AF Mobley, LR Finkelstein, EA Khavjou, OA Will, JC TI Spatial analysis of body mass index and smoking behavior among WISEWOMAN participants SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; WOMEN AB Background: The WISEWOMAN program focuses on reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors by providing screening and lifestyle interventions for many low-income and uninsured women. To provide the most effective interventions possible, it is important to understand the characteristics of WISEWOMAN participants and their communities. Methods: We used baseline data collected for WISEWOMAN participants from five states ( Connecticut, Michigan, Nebraska, North Carolina, and South Dakota) who had enrolled in WISEWOMAN between January 2001 and December 2002 in order to examine body mass index (BMI) and smoking behavior for evidence of spatial clustering. We then examined whether neighborhood characteristics in clusters of high-risk factors differed from neighborhood characteristics in other locations. Results: Six percent of the WISEWOMAN participants lived in ZIP codes with high-BMI clusters, and 4% lived in ZIP codes with high-smoking clusters. High-BMI and high-smoking clusters occurred, however, in different locations from each other. The high-BMI-clustered ZIP codes were, on average, located in more disadvantaged areas. Most of the differences between the high-smoking-clustered ZIP codes and the remaining ZIP codes were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our analysis revealed spatial clustering in CVD risk factors among WISEWOMAN participants. We also found evidence of a correlation between high-BMI clusters and low socioeconomic status of the surrounding community. A more in-depth analysis of the relationship between risk factors (e.g., BMI) and community characteristics in clustered locations will provide further information concerning the role of the community in affecting individual behavior and should allow for tailoring interventions to reduce these risk factors more effectively. C1 RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mobley, LR (reprint author), RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lmobley@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1089/1540999041281034 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300006 PM 15266669 ER PT J AU Viadro, CI Farris, RP Will, JC AF Viadro, CI Farris, RP Will, JC TI The WISEWOMAN projects: Lessons learned from three states SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTION; PREVENTION; PROGRAMS; WOMEN AB Background: The WISEWOMAN program provides chronic disease risk factor screening, lifestyle interventions, and referrals to financially disadvantaged women who participate in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). Three states ( Arizona, Massachusetts, and North Carolina) participated in Phase One (1995-1998). Methods: Using a case study approach, we reviewed documents and conducted telephone interviews to compare the three projects' design and execution. The interviews, carried out in mid-2002, involved a convenience sample of project coordinators, project directors, researchers, and one CDC project officer (n = 9). Results: Many providers were overwhelmed by WISEWOMAN's research component and disliked its lack of flexibility. Researchers emphasized that high-quality evaluation requires resources and attention. Informants described the challenges of integrating WISEWOMAN with state BCCEDP programs that are in varying development stages and recommended changes in organizational culture and provider practices. Regarding implementation, informants emphasized the need for adequate and appropriate planning, buy-in, training, professional support, and outreach. Our sample also noted that WISEWOMAN projects tend to be labor intensive. Conclusions: WISEWOMAN projects face challenges of integrating clinical and lifestyle interventions, reaching beyond a focus on individuals, marshaling substantial resources, and introducing complex interventions into stretched healthcare environments. The three Phase One projects were deemed successful in reaching underserved women, developing a more comprehensive women's health model, strengthening linkages to primary healthcare, experimenting with innovative behavioral interventions, and tapping into women's roles as social support providers and family/community gatekeepers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Will, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JWill@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1089/1540999041281142 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300007 PM 15257844 ER PT J AU Stoddard, AM Palombo, R Troped, PJ Sorensen, G Will, JC AF Stoddard, AM Palombo, R Troped, PJ Sorensen, G Will, JC TI Cardiovascular disease risk reduction: The Massachusetts WISEWOMAN Project SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; DISPARITIES; WOMEN AB Background: This report presents the effectiveness of the Massachusetts Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) Project (MWWP) in reducing the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of uninsured and underinsured women aged greater than or equal to50. Methods: Healthcare sites were randomly assigned to an enhanced intervention (EI) or minimum intervention (MI). Women enrolled at all sites received CVD risk factor screening, onsite counseling, education, referral, and follow-up as needed. Women enrolled at EI sites received additional services and specially designed interventions, including one-on-one nutritional and physical activity counseling and group activities, such as walking groups, nutrition classes, and cultural festivals. We report results for 1443 women who attended the initial screening in 10 study sites. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, number of servings of fruits and vegetables, and level of moderate or vigorous physical activity were assessed at baseline and 12-month follow-up screenings. Baseline data were collected between March and June 1996; follow-up data were collected 12 months later. Results: The comprehensive screenings significantly lowered the overall prevalence of hypertension, resulting in a 7% reduction in high blood pressure among women at the EI sites (p = 0.02) and a 9% reduction at MI sites (p = 0.009). A significantly greater percentage of women became physically active at the EI sites (18%) than at the MI sites (6%) (p = 0.04). Conclusions: MWWP is a promising model for providing comprehensive preventive healthcare to uninsured and underinsured women. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Off Elder Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Community Based Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stoddard, AM (reprint author), New England Res Inst, 9 Galen St, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM astoddard@neri.org NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1089/1540999041281106 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300008 PM 15257845 ER PT J AU Staten, LK Gregory-Mercado, KY Ranger-Moore, J Will, JC Giuliano, AR Ford, ES Marshall, J AF Staten, LK Gregory-Mercado, KY Ranger-Moore, J Will, JC Giuliano, AR Ford, ES Marshall, J TI Provider counseling, health education, and community health workers: The Arizona WISEWOMAN project SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VEGETABLE INTAKE; RISK-FACTORS; US ADULTS; FRUIT; WOMEN; INTERVENTION; CANCER; CONSUMPTION; BREAST AB Background: The Arizona Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) project used provider counseling, health education, and community health workers (CHWs) to target chronic disease risk factors in uninsured, primarily Hispanic women over age 50. Methods: Participants were recruited from two Tucson clinics participating in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). Women were randomly assigned into one of three intervention groups: (1) provider counseling, (2) provider counseling and health education, or (3) provider counseling, health education, and CHW support. At baseline and 12 months (1998-2000), participants were measured for height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and blood pressure. Blood tests were conducted to check blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. At each time point, participants also completed 24-hour dietary recalls and questionnaires focusing on their physical activity levels. Results: A total of 217 women participated in baseline and 12-month follow-up. Three fourths were Hispanic. All three intervention groups showed an increase in self-reported weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, with no significant differences between the groups. Significantly more women who received the comprehensive intervention of provider counseling, health education, and CHW support progressed to eating five fruits and vegetables per day, compared with participants who received only provider counseling or provider counseling plus health education. Conclusions: All three interventions increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity but not fruit and vegetable consumption. The intervention group with provider counseling, health education, and CHW support significantly increased the number of women meeting national recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. C1 Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Nutr Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Staten, LK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot Sci, 2231 E Speedway Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM staten@u.arizona.edu NR 26 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.1089/1540999041281133 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300009 PM 15257846 ER PT J AU Jacobs, AD Ammerman, AS Ennett, ST Campbell, MK Tawney, KW Aytur, SA Marshall, SW Will, JC Rosamond, WD AF Jacobs, AD Ammerman, AS Ennett, ST Campbell, MK Tawney, KW Aytur, SA Marshall, SW Will, JC Rosamond, WD TI Effects of a tailored follow-up intervention on health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HOME-BASED EXERCISE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; NUTRITION INTERVENTION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; DIETARY ASSESSMENT; BODY-COMPOSITION AB Background: The high rates of relapse that tend to occur after short-term behavioral interventions indicate the need for maintenance programs that promote long-term adherence to new behavior patterns. Computer-tailored health messages that are mailed to participants or given in brief telephone calls offer an innovative and time-efficient alternative to ongoing face-to-face contact with healthcare providers. Methods: Following a 1-year behavior change program, 22 North Carolina health departments were randomly assigned to a follow-up intervention or control condition. Data were collected from 1999 to 2001 by telephone-administered surveys at preintervention and postintervention for 511 low-income, midlife adult women enrolled in the Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) program at local North Carolina health departments. During the year after the behavior change program, intervention participants were mailed six sets of computer-tailored health messages and received two computer-tailored telephone counseling sessions. Main outcomes of dietary and physical activity behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes were measured. Results: Intervention participants were more likely to move forward into more advanced stages of physical activity change (p = 0.02); control participants were more likely to increase their level of dietary social support at follow-up (p = 0.05). Both groups maintained low levels of reported saturated fat and cholesterol intake at follow-up. No changes were seen in physical activity in either group. Conclusions: Mailed computer-tailored health messages and telephone counseling calls favorably modified forward physical activity stage movement but did not appreciably affect any other psychosocial or behavioral outcomes. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Hypertens & Nephrol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jacobs, AD (reprint author), Care of Kavanagh J, UNC CH, 1700 Airport Rd,Campus Box 8140, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 NR 56 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 557 EP 568 DI 10.1089/1540999041281016 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300010 PM 15257847 ER PT J AU Witmer, JM Hensel, MR Holck, PS Ammerman, AS Will, JC AF Witmer, JM Hensel, MR Holck, PS Ammerman, AS Will, JC TI Heart disease prevention for Alaska Native women: A review of pilot study findings SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BERING STRAITS REGION; SIBERIA PROJECT; ESKIMOS AB Background: Although historically Alaska Native women have had a relatively low incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this pattern has changed dramatically in recent years. Alaska Native leaders have identified decreasing cardiovascular risk as an intervention priority. Methods: From October 2000 to April 2001, Southcentral Foundation, an Alaska Native-owned and managed health corporation in Anchorage, conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial of a heart disease prevention program tailored for Alaska Native women. The aim was to assess feasibility and cultural acceptability and to develop enrollment procedures. Of 76 women who enrolled, 44 were randomized to the intervention group. Thirty-seven of 44 attended at least two intervention sessions, 23 completed prequestionnaires and postquestionnaires, and 27 returned for 12-month follow-up screening. Thirty of 32 control group participants returned for 12-month follow-up screening. The intervention included 12 weekly sessions on lifestyle change and goal setting. At baseline and 12 months, participants' height, weight, resting blood pressure, fasting lipid levels, and blood glucose were measured. At sessions 1 and 12, participants completed assessments regarding diet, physical activity, tobacco use, and psychosocial status. Results: At 12 weeks, significant improvements were noted in moderate walking and physical activity self-efficacy. Also observed was substantial movement from the contemplation and preparation stages to the action stage regarding physical activity and heart-healthy eating. Conclusions: Although the small sample size precludes drawing conclusions about the intervention's effect, participants reported lifestyle and psychosocial changes. The pilot study resulted in protocol changes that improved the design and implementation of a subsequent large-scale study. C1 Southcent Fdn, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Witmer, JM (reprint author), 4320 Diplomacy Dr,Suite 2630, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jmwitmer@anmc.org FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U57/CCU017839] NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 569 EP 578 DI 10.1089/1540999041280981 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300011 PM 15257848 ER PT J AU Parra-Medina, D Wilcox, S Thompson-Robinson, M Sargent, R Will, JC AF Parra-Medina, D Wilcox, S Thompson-Robinson, M Sargent, R Will, JC TI A replicable process for redesigning ethnically relevant educational materials SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; LOSE WEIGHT; WOMEN AB Background: To serve the populations targeted by Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) effectively, healthcare providers need educational materials that are evidence based and ethnically relevant and can be easily incorporated into busy clinic settings. We describe a replicable process used to redesign and tailor physical activity and diet education materials for African American women in the southeastern United States. Methods: The process consists of seven phases. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used on data gathered in 2000 from two expert panels and eight focus groups. Results: Expert panelists preferred materials perceived to be high quality, easy to understand, organized to facilitate use by healthcare providers, and with content relevant to African American women. Focus group participants were mostly concerned with the visual appeal and content of educational materials. They liked high-quality materials that are brief; avoid jargon and use simple language, bright colors, and photographs; and provide useful information that acknowledges the context of their lives, including their family roles. Conclusions: The redesign process can produce ethnically and culturally appropriate educational materials for use by WISEWOMAN providers and other healthcare providers in conjunction with cardiovascular (CVD) risk reduction and behavioral counseling. To be effective, materials must address the needs and concerns of both providers and patients. C1 Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Parra-Medina, D (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM dpmedina@sc.edu RI Thompson-Robinson, Melva/I-3229-2016 OI Thompson-Robinson, Melva/0000-0001-8383-2360 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409664-07] NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 579 EP 588 DI 10.1089/1540999041281124 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300012 PM 15257849 ER PT J AU Sanders, CG Aycock, N Samuel-Hodge, CD Garcia, BA Kelsey, KS Garner, S Ammerman, AS AF Sanders, CG Aycock, N Samuel-Hodge, CD Garcia, BA Kelsey, KS Garner, S Ammerman, AS TI Extending the reach of public health nutrition: Training community practitioners in multilevel approaches SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARE PROFESSIONALS; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health concern in the United States. We developed an annual training course, Nutrition and Public Health, A Course for Community Practitioners (NPH), to address the identified training needs of state staff responsible for designing and implementing the Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) program and to support other health professionals working in programs that address chronic disease prevention and management. Methods: After conducting a needs assessment with state-level WISEWOMAN staff in 2001 to identify topics of interest, we formed an advisory committee to provide guidance on topics, theoretical frameworks, training concerns, and multilevel intervention approaches. The first week-long training course, which included an intensive field practicum, was implemented in the fall of 2002. Results: Participants rated three fourths of the elements listed in a posttraining evaluation as a course strength, giving particularly high ratings to various indicators of course quality (100%) and networking opportunities (95%). Just over half (55%) rated the field practicum as a course strength. Four fifths (83%) of participants responded to a 6-month follow-up evaluation, and most indicated that the course had increased their knowledge and skills and increased their confidence in planning programs. Conclusions: Unique features of the course include its suitability for public health practitioners not previously trained in nutrition, its promotion of multilevel interventions, and its focus on CVD risk reduction and nutrition interventions for underinsured and uninsured populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, UNC Clin Ctr Study Dev & Learning, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sanders, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zen3@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.1089/1540999041281007 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300013 PM 15257850 ER PT J AU Jilcott, SB Macon, ML Rosamond, WD Garcia, BA Jenkins, LK Cannon, PM Townsend, CR Tawney, KW Keyserling, TC Will, JC Ammerman, AS AF Jilcott, SB Macon, ML Rosamond, WD Garcia, BA Jenkins, LK Cannon, PM Townsend, CR Tawney, KW Keyserling, TC Will, JC Ammerman, AS TI Implementing the WISEWOMAN program in local health departments: Staff attitudes, beliefs, and perceived barriers SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RISK REDUCTION; SMOKING-CESSATION; PREVENTION; EDUCATION; CARE; INTERVENTION; PROJECT; NURSES AB Background: Although most health departments recognize the need for programs to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among older, low-income women, they face numerous barriers to successfully implementing such programs. This paper explores counselors' attitudes and beliefs about patients and perceived barriers to implementing the North Carolina Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) program. Methods: Health departments were assigned to provide patients with either an enhanced intervention (EI) or a minimum intervention (MI). Cross-sectional baseline and 12-month follow-up surveys were completed by health department counselors designated to deliver the MI or EI. Both surveys addressed counselors' beliefs about patients' motivation and attitudes, their counseling practices, and their personal diet and physical activity behaviors and attitudes. The follow-up survey also addressed opinions about the feasibility of long-term WISEWOMAN implementation. Results: Counselors were skeptical about patients' motivation to improve their lifestyle, citing high perceived cost and burden. At follow-up, EI counselors reported having higher self-efficacy for counseling, incorporating more behavioral change strategies, and spending more time counseling than did counselors at MI sites. They were also more likely to report making healthful personal lifestyle choices. All counselors identified lack of time as a major barrier to counseling, and most cited obtaining low-cost medications for patients, ensuring that patients made follow-up visits, and implementing the program with existing staff as key challenges to the long-term sustainability of WISEWOMAN. Conclusions: Our findings provide insight into the organizational challenges of implementing a CVD risk-reduction program for low-income women. We discuss ways in which intervention and training programs can be improved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ammerman, AS (reprint author), 1700 Airport Rd,CB 8140, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alice_ammerman@unc.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 598 EP 606 DI 10.1089/1540999041281089 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300014 PM 15257851 ER PT J AU Mays, GP Hesketh, HA Ammerman, AS Stockmyer, CK Johnson, TL Bayne-Smith, M AF Mays, GP Hesketh, HA Ammerman, AS Stockmyer, CK Johnson, TL Bayne-Smith, M TI Integrating preventive health services within community health centers: Lessons from WISEWOMAN SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DIRECTED TREATMENT PROGRAM; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; CHRONIC ILLNESS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CARE; INTERVENTION; MANAGEMENT; PROJECT AB Background: Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) provides low-income, underserved women ages 40-64 with risk factor screening and lifestyle intervention and referral services to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Integrating WISEWOMAN's services with the culturally appropriate medical care and support services offered by community health centers may improve the program's ability to reduce CVD burden among underserved women. Methods: We conducted a formative assessment of the perceived opportunities, challenges, and strategies associated with integrating WISEWOMAN into community health center settings. A panel of stakeholders that included health center and WISEWOMAN representatives was convened in 2002, and a semistructured discussion guide was used to elicit perspectives about integration. We also conducted an in-depth review of WISEWOMAN's history of collaboration with health centers in North Carolina. Results: Stakeholders perceived a clear need for integrating WISEWOMAN within health center settings, indicating that centers have few other resources to expand preventive services delivery and offer effective lifestyle interventions for underserved populations. Perceived barriers to integration included competing demands on health center resources, difficulties hiring staff for new programs, and administrative burdens associated with data collection and reporting. Experiences within North Carolina's WISEWOMAN project demonstrate, however, that lifestyle interventions can be designed in ways that facilitate integration by health centers. Conclusions: Integration strategies need to be tailored to the resources, skills, and capacities available within health centers. As health centers and WISEWOMAN projects gain more experience in collaborating, additional research should be conducted to identify how best to achieve integration within specific institutional and community contexts. C1 Mathematica Policy Res Inc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Bur Primary Hlth Care, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Bethesda, MD USA. Queens Coll New York, New York, NY USA. RP Hesketh, HA (reprint author), Mathematica Policy Res Inc, 600 Maryland Ave SW,Suite 550, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM hhesketh@mathematica-mpr.com FU PHS HHS [282-98-0021] NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 607 EP 615 DI 10.1089/1540999041281070 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300015 PM 15257852 ER PT J AU Lewis, SD Johnson, VR Farris, RP Will, JC AF Lewis, SD Johnson, VR Farris, RP Will, JC TI Using success stories to share knowledge and lessons learned in health promotion SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Compelling success stories, rich with details about real-life events and people, are a tool that health agencies can use to convey how their health promotion programs work, why they are successful, what lessons they have learned, and how others can launch similar programs. Success stories describe project accomplishments that are not easily captured by quantitative evaluation methods, such as surveys. Methods: Although success stories have not been widely used in public health, the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services developed a series of stories, the Community Change Chronicles, to highlight environmental and policy changes that promote cardiovascular health. In 2003, the Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) program used the Community Change Chronicles as a model to develop success stories about WISEWOMAN projects. Results: WISEWOMAN Works: A Collection of Success Stories from Program Inception Through 2002 includes 12 stories and offers advice on how to create and use success stories in public health. This paper reviews the rationale for developing the stories, presents one success story as an example, and describes the process used to gather information, write the stories, and produce a resource for others interested in developing success stories. We also discuss how the WISEWOMAN success stories are being used to promote women's health and cardiovascular health. Conclusions: As the WISEWOMAN experience suggests, healthcare providers and organizations can use success stories to gain support for successful activities, inform the public about program benefits, complement other quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods, and publicly acknowledge the contributions of staff and organizational partners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lewis, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Off Commun, Div Hlth Commun, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop D-42, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SLewis5@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 616 EP 624 DI 10.1089/1540999041280954 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300016 PM 15257853 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, EA Wittenborn, JS Farris, RP AF Finkelstein, EA Wittenborn, JS Farris, RP TI Evaluation of public health demonstration programs: The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of WISEWOMAN SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION; REDUCTION; MODEL AB Background: In today's healthcare environment, public health resources are scarce. Thus, interventions to improve the public's health must be rigorously evaluated to ensure that they make the best use of available resources. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a general framework for program evaluation. This paper presents additional details on several key evaluation areas within CDC's framework. Results: Successful evaluations will be built into the program design; will be multifaceted, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods; will assess both process and outcome measures; and will engage stakeholders to ensure utility of results. Conclusions: Well-planned evaluations can lead to less burdensome yet more effective assessment and better program performance and can increase the knowledge base for health promotion practice. C1 RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), RTI Int, Hlth Social & Econ Res, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM finkelse@rti.org FU PHS HHS [200-97-0621] NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1089/1540999041281043 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300017 PM 15257854 ER PT J AU Farris, RP Haney, DM Dunet, DO AF Farris, RP Haney, DM Dunet, DO TI Expanding the evidence for health promotion: Developing best practices for WISEWOMAN SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; BLOOD-PRESSURE; INTERVENTION; DIETARY; WOMEN; GUIDE; POLICY AB Implementing effective programs to prevent chronic disease holds the promise of reducing morbidity and mortality, reducing health disparities, and promoting health. Yet many programs have demonstrated success only in highly controlled research settings and few address the needs of low-income, uninsured, minority women. Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN), a demonstration program funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), that provides chronic disease risk factor screening and lifestyle interventions for low-income, 40-64-year-old women is learning from our own successful programs but is also charting new territory. As the CDC, state health departments, tribal organizations, and other WISEWOMAN partners approach the end of the first decade of WISEWOMAN demonstration projects, we are seeking to understand what has worked and what has not. This paper describes the rationale and proposed methodology for assessing best practices in the WISEWOMAN program through a participatory process that will examine scientific evidence and quantitative and qualitative program data. By emphasizing practicality in addition to scientific rigor, we are expanding the base of evidence considered to identify effective approaches for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in financially disadvantaged, ethnically diverse women. Results of the 3-year project will be disseminated in a format intended to encourage programs to select and adapt those strategies best suited to their particular contexts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hlth Promot & Behav, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Farris, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfarris@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 634 EP 643 DI 10.1089/1540999041281098 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 835RN UT WOS:000222503300018 PM 15257855 ER PT J AU Dice, JL Claussen, AH Katz, LF Cohen, JJB AF Dice, JL Claussen, AH Katz, LF Cohen, JJB TI Parenting in dependency drug court SO JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE-ABUSE TREATMENT; RISK FACTOR; CHILDREN; COCAINE; WOMEN AB The Dependency Drug Court (DDC) in Miami, Florida, addresses the needs-of families affected by substance abuse through a comprehensive and therapeutic approach. The DDC works with community agencies to provide services that effectively treat the family as a unit. This article discusses the process of adapting a parenting program to meet the needs of families in the DDC. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Child & Family Dev, Family Sci Ctr 2, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Linda Ray Intervent Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Dade Cty Courthouse, Miami, FL 33130 USA. RP Dice, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Child & Family Dev, Family Sci Ctr 2, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL COUNCIL JUVENILE FAMILY COURT JUDGES PI RENO PA UNIV NEVADA, RENO CAMPUS, 1041 NORTH VIRGINIA ST, 3RD FL, RENO, NV 89557 USA SN 0161-7109 J9 JUVENILE FAM COURT J JI Juv. Fam. Court J. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 854BR UT WOS:000223875600001 ER PT J AU Lowe, BD Schrader, SM Breitenstein, MJ AF Lowe, BD Schrader, SM Breitenstein, MJ TI Effect of bicycle saddle designs on the pressure to the perineum of the bicyclist SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE bicycling.; erectile dysfunction; impotence; groin pressure ID NOCTURNAL PENILE TUMESCENCE; CYCLING INJURIES; PATROL OFFICERS; IMPOTENCE; NERVE AB Purpose: Increasing awareness of an association between bicycling and male sexual dysfunction has led to the appearance of a variety of bicycle saddles that share the design objective of reducing pressure in the groin of the cyclist by removal of the narrow protruding nose of the saddle. This study compared three of these saddle designs to a traditional sport/road racing saddle with a narrow protruding nose in terms of pressure in the region of the perineum (groin) of the cyclist. Methods: Saddle, pedal, and handlebar contact pressure were measured from 33 bicycle police patrol officers pedaling a stationary bicycle at a controlled cadence and workload. Pressure was characterized over the saddle as a whole and over a region of the saddle assumed to represent pressure on the cyclist's perineum located anteriorly to the ischial tuberosities. Results: The traditional sport/racing saddle was associated with more than two times the pressure in the perineal region than the saddles without a protruding nose (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in perineal pressure among the nontraditional saddles. Measures of load on the pedals and handlebars indicated no differences between the traditional saddle and those without protruding noses. This finding is contradictory to those studies suggesting a shift toward greater weight distribution on the handlebars and pedals when using a saddle without a nose. Conclusions: The recommendation of a saddle without a narrow protruding nose appears to be justified to reduce pressure to the perineum of the bicyclist. C1 NIOSH, Human Factors & Ergon Res Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Reprod Hlth Assessment Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lowe, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Human Factors & Ergon Res Sect, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM blowe@cdc.gov RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1055 EP 1062 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000128248.40501.73 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 826ME UT WOS:000221832400020 PM 15179177 ER PT J AU Verghese, S Maria, CF Mullaseri, AS Asha, M Padmaja, P Padhye, AA AF Verghese, S Maria, CF Mullaseri, AS Asha, M Padmaja, P Padhye, AA TI Aspergillus endocarditis presenting as femoral artery embolism SO MYCOSES LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus terreus; Aspergillus flavus; endocarditis; embolism ID INFECTIONS; TERREUS AB Fungal valvular endocarditis is an unusual cause of endocarditis, yet very important because of its historically poor prognosis. We report two fatal cases of fungal valvular endocarditis following cardiovascular surgery, presenting as femoral artery embolism. Aspergillus terreus and A. flavus were the causative agents of endocarditis in the two patients. Diagnosis was established very early by culture of the emboli and was confirmed later by isolation of the same Aspergillus species from the resected valve tissue. C1 Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Madras Med Mission, JJ Nagar, Mogappair Chenn, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Verghese, S (reprint author), Int Inst Cardiothorac & Vasc Dis, R-30C,Ambattur Ind Estate Rd, Madras 600101, Tamil Nadu, India. EM pav@xlweb.com NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 58, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-7407 J9 MYCOSES JI Mycoses PD JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.00980.x PG 5 WC Dermatology; Mycology SC Dermatology; Mycology GA 828MK UT WOS:000221977200016 PM 15189195 ER PT J AU Stredrick, DL Stokes, AH Worst, TJ Freeman, WM Johnson, EA Lash, LH Aschner, M Vrana, KE AF Stredrick, DL Stokes, AH Worst, TJ Freeman, WM Johnson, EA Lash, LH Aschner, M Vrana, KE TI Manganese-induced cytotoxicity in dopamine-producing cells SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR DE CATH.a; dopamine; DNA fragmentation; manganese; cytotoxicity ID CELLULAR DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; ICE/CED-3 PROTEASE; RAT STRIATUM; GLUTATHIONE; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY; DEPLETION; DEATH; NEUROTOXICITY AB Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that, at excessive levels in the brain, produces extrapyramidal symptoms similar to those in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, Mn toxicity was characterized in a human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cell line and in a mouse catecholaminergic (CATH.a) cell line. Mn was demonstrated to be more toxic in the catecholamine-producing CATH.a cells (EC50 = 60 muM) than in non-catecholaminergic SK-N-SH cells (EC50 = 200 muM). To test the hypothesis that the sensitivity of CATH.a cells to Mn is associated with their dopamine (DA) content, DA concentrations were suppressed in these cells by pretreatment with a-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT). Treatment for 24 h with 100 muM AMPT decreased intracellular DA, but offered no significant protection from Mn exposure (EC50 = 60 muM). Additional studies were carried out to assess if Mn toxicity was dependent on glutathione (GSH) levels. CATH.a cells were significantly protected by the addition of 5 mM GSH (Mn EC50 = 200 muM) and 10 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (Mn EC50 = 300 muM), therefore, indirectly identifying intracellular ROS formation as a mechanism for Mn neurotoxicity. Finally, apoptotic markers of Mn-induced cell death were investigated. DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis-related gene expression were studied in CATH.a cells. No internucleosomal fragmentation or caspase activation was evident, even in the presence of supraphysiological Mn concentrations. cDNA hydridization array analysis with two differing Mn concentrations and time points, identified no noteworthy mRAA inductions of genes associated with programmed cell death. In conclusion, DA content was not responsible for the enhanced sensitivity of CATH.a cells to Mn toxicity, but oxidative stress was implicated as a probable mechanism of cytotoxicity. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Vrana, KE (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM kvrana@wfubmc.edu OI Vrana, Kent/0000-0003-4902-7733; Lash, Lawrence/0000-0003-3239-4481; Freeman, Willard/0000-0001-7027-999X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 0 10563]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 38931] NR 37 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 543 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2003.08.006 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900010 PM 15183009 ER PT J AU Bowyer, JF Harris, AJ Delongchamp, RR Jakab, RL Miller, DB Little, AR O'Callaghan, JP AF Bowyer, JF Harris, AJ Delongchamp, RR Jakab, RL Miller, DB Little, AR O'Callaghan, JP TI Selective changes in gene expression in cortical regions sensitive to amphetamine during the Neurodegenerative process SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR DE amphetamine; gene expression; neurodegeneration ID METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; NEURONAL DEGENERATION; RAT STRIATUM; MOUSE-BRAIN; SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA AB Gene expression profiles in several brain regions of adult male rats were evaluated following a D-amphetamine (AMPH) exposure paradigm previously established to produce AMPH neurotoxicity. Escalating doses of AMPH (530 mg/kg) were given over the course of 16 h per day in an 18 degreesC environment for 2 days. This paradigm produces neurotoxicity but eliminates or minimizes the hyperthermia and seizure activity that might influence gene expression in a manner unrelated to the neurotoxic effects of AMPH. The expression of 1185 genes was monitored in the striatum, parietal cortex, piriform cortex and posteriolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PLCo) using cDNA array technology, and potentially significant changes were verified by RT-PCR. Gene expression was determined at time points after AMPH when neurodegeneration was beginning to appear (16 h) or maximal (64 h). Expression was also determined 14 days after AMPH to find long-term changes in gene expression that might be biomarkers of a neurotoxic event. In the parietal cortex there was a two-fold increase in neuropeptide Y precursor protein mRNA whereas nerve growth factor-induced receptor protein I-A and I-B mRNA decreased 50% at 16 h after the end of AMPH exposure. Although these changes in expression were not observed in the PLCo, insulin-like growth factor binding protein I mRNA was increased two-fold in the PLCo at 16 and 64 h after AMPH. Changes in gene expression in the cortical regions were all between 1.2- and 1.5-fold 14 days after AMPH but some of these changes, such as annexin V increases, may be relevant to neurotoxicity. Gene expression was not affected by more than 1.5-fold at the time points in the striatum, although 65% dopamine depletions occurred, but the plasma membrane-associated dopamine transporter and dopamine D2 receptor were decreased about 40% in the substantia nigra at 64 h and 14 days post-AMPH. Thus, the 2-day AMPH treatment produced a few changes in gene expression in the two-fold range at time points 16 h or more after exposure but the majority of expression changes were less than 1.5-fold of control. Nonetheless, some of these lesser fold-changes appeared to be relevant to the neurotoxic process. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Risk Assessment & Genet Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Little, Roger/O-6191-2014 OI Little, Roger/0000-0001-6831-0177 NR 70 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 555 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2003.08.005 PG 18 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900011 PM 15183010 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Barr, D Patterson, DG Pirkle, JL AF Needham, LL Barr, D Patterson, DG Pirkle, JL TI Biomonitoring: An integral part of exposure analysis. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 666 EP 666 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900021 ER PT J AU Rauh, PF Tang, D Kinney, CD AF Rauh, PF Tang, D Kinney, CD TI Relationship between prenatal environ-mental exposures, birth outcomes and cognitive development in an urban minority cohort. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 667 EP 668 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900026 ER PT J AU Miller, DB Ross, GW O'Callaghan, JP Kashon, ML Burchfiel, CM Sharp, DS Pellizzari, ED Petrovitch, H Sanderson, W White, LR AF Miller, DB Ross, GW O'Callaghan, JP Kashon, ML Burchfiel, CM Sharp, DS Pellizzari, ED Petrovitch, H Sanderson, W White, LR TI Brain tissue analysis in the Honolulu-Asia aging study (HAAS): Pesticides and other persistent chemicals. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 CDC, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Honolulu, HI USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 680 EP 680 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900060 ER PT J AU Whyatt, RM Rauh, VA Camann, D Tang, D Kinney, PL Garfinkel, R Andrews, H Hoepner, L Perera, FP AF Whyatt, RM Rauh, VA Camann, D Tang, D Kinney, PL Garfinkel, R Andrews, H Hoepner, L Perera, FP TI Residential pesticide exposure, fetal growth and neurocognitive development among urban minorities. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 683 EP 683 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900067 ER PT J AU Sandau, CD Sandanger, T Patterson, DG Muckle, G Jacobson, SW Jacobson, JL Dewailly, T Ayotte, P AF Sandau, CD Sandanger, T Patterson, DG Muckle, G Jacobson, SW Jacobson, JL Dewailly, T Ayotte, P TI Relation between plasma concentrations of hydroxylated phenolic compounds and thyroid hormone status in Inuit neonates. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Laval, Med Res Ctr, Publ Hlth Res Unit, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. RI Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 686 EP 686 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900075 ER PT J AU Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT AF Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT TI Emerging chemicals of concern and their potential for adverse neurological effects. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 690 EP 690 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900083 ER PT J AU Sandau, CD Patterson, DG Ayotte, P AF Sandau, CD Patterson, DG Ayotte, P TI Effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis and implications for brain development from hydroxylated organochlorine metabolites in sows and their offspring. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Laval, Med Res Ctr, CHUQ, Publ Hlth Res Unit, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RI Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 690 EP 691 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900085 ER PT J AU Amler, S AF Amler, S TI Diagnosing mercury intoxication. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIPC, DIDOP, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 694 EP 694 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900093 ER PT J AU Risher, JF AF Risher, JF TI Inappropriate use of chelating agents in the diagnosis and treatment of putative mercury intoxication. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 694 EP 694 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900094 ER PT J AU Sriram, K O'Callaghan, JP AF Sriram, K O'Callaghan, JP TI Role of proinflammatory cytokines in chemically-induced D opaminergic neurodegeneration. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900121 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Barr, D Wang, R AF Needham, LL Barr, D Wang, R TI Characterizing children's exposures: The NHANES study and beyond. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 707 EP 707 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900126 ER PT J AU Ruckart, PZ Bove, FJ Kaye, WE AF Ruckart, PZ Bove, FJ Kaye, WE TI Neurobehavioral development in children exposed to methyl parathion in Mississippi and Ohio. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 Agcy Tox Subst, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 722 EP 722 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900166 ER PT J AU Potter, BK Pederson, LL Chan, SSH Aubut, JAL Koval, JJ AF Potter, BK Pederson, LL Chan, SSH Aubut, JAL Koval, JJ TI Does a relationship exist between body weight, concerns about weight, and smoking among adolescents? An integration of the literature with an emphasis on gender SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; HEALTH-RISK BEHAVIORS; EATING ATTITUDES TEST; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; DIETARY RESTRAINT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NATURAL-HISTORY AB It has been speculated that body weight and concern about body weight are important factors in initiation of tobacco use among adolescents, particularly females. An examination of studies that have explored these relationships can provide important information on possible underlying mechanisms that could be used for prevention interventions. This review summarizes recent studies examining weight concerns and youth smoking, with a focus on gender differences. These studies were integrated with the few studies that have examined the relationship between actual body weight and smoking among adolescents. A total of 55 primary research articles met inclusion criteria for the review. Of these, 19 studies assessed the relationship between body weight and smoking, and 50 studies addressed weight concerns and smoking. Some evidence indicated a positive relationship between smoking and body weight among adolescents, although not all studies found a positive association. In terms of the relationship between weight concerns and adolescent smoking, the amount of evidence supporting a positive association differed depending on the dimension of weight concern considered, with the strongest evidence for dieting behaviors. For dieting behaviors, disordered eating symptoms, and some aspects of general weight concerns, the positive relationship with smoking was more consistent among female adolescents than among male adolescents. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, and priorities for future research are identified. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Potter, BK (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. EM bpotter@uottawa.ca RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 NR 120 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 8 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3 BP 397 EP 425 DI 10.1080/14622200410001696529 PG 29 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 836ZD UT WOS:000222594400003 PM 15203775 ER PT J AU Freire, WB Howson, CP Cordero, JF AF Freire, WB Howson, CP Cordero, JF TI Recommended levels of folic acid and vitamin B-12 fortification: A PAHO/MOD/CDC technical consultation SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP S1 EP S2 PN 2 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 906AD UT WOS:000227612000001 PM 15298441 ER PT J AU Bodnar, LM Siega-Riz, AM Cogswell, ME AF Bodnar, LM Siega-Riz, AM Cogswell, ME TI High prepregnancy BMI increases the risk of postpartum anemia SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE iron; puerperium; hemoglobin; spline regression; pregnancy ID UNITED-STATES; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; CESAREAN DELIVERY; TREND ANALYSIS; DOSE-RESPONSE; US ADULTS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; WOMEN AB Objective: To assess the independent effect of prepregnancy BMI on the risk of postpartum anemia. Research Methods and Procedures: Pregnant women from North Carolina who enrolled in the Iron Supplementation Study at their first prenatal visit at <20 weeks gestation and who delivered a live infant were followed to the postpartum visit (n = 439). BMI had a curvilinear relation in the logit of postpartum anemia; therefore, a restricted quadratic spline with three knots at the inflection points was used to specify BMI. Multiple log binomial regression was used to quantify the relation between prepregnancy BMI and postpartum anemia after adjusting for maternal ethnicity/race, education, smoking, initial hemoglobin concentration, and prenatal iron supplementation. Results: Prevalence of postpartum anemia was 19.1%. After adjusting for confounders, we found that risk of postpartum anemia was similar for women with BMI values from 17 to 24 compared with women with a BMI of 20. Adjusted relative risk increased as BMI increased from 24 to 38. Women with a BMI of 28 had similar to1.8 times the postpartum a Hernia risk of a woman with a BMI of 20 (95% confidence interval 1.3, 2.5), and obese women with a BMI of 36 had similar to2.8 times the risk (95% confidence interval 1.7, 4.7). Discussion: These data suggest that high prepregnancy BMI substantially increases the risk of postpartum anemia. Postpartum anemia screening and iron supplementation of overweight and obese women may be warranted. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Magee Womens Res Inst, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Bodnar, LM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Magee Womens Res Inst, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM bodnar@mwri.magee.edu FU PHS HHS [S0454, S1326] NR 45 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 6 BP 941 EP 948 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.115 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 836HZ UT WOS:000222547800009 PM 15229333 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Ferre, C Peterson, HB Macaluso, M Reynolds, MA Wright, VC AF Schieve, LA Ferre, C Peterson, HB Macaluso, M Reynolds, MA Wright, VC TI Perinatal outcome among singleton infants conceived through assisted reproductive technology in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVARIAN STIMULATION; CHILDREN BORN; PREGNANCIES; RISK; PREMATURITY; FINLAND AB OBJECTIVE: To examine perinatal outcome among singleton infants conceived with assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the United States. METHODS: Subjects were 62,551 infants born after ART treatments performed in 1996-2000. Secular trends in low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), preterm delivery, preterm LBW, and term LBW were examined. Detailed analyses were performed for 6,377 infants conceived in 2000. Observed numbers were compared with expected using a reference population from the 2000 U.S. natality file. Adjusted risk ratios were calculated. RESULTS: The proportion of ART singletons born LBW, VLBW, and term LBW decreased from 1996 to 2000. The proportion delivered preterm and preterm LBW remained stable. After adjustment for maternal age, parity, and race/ethnicity, singleton infants born after ART in 2000 had elevated risks for all outcomes in comparison with the general population of U.S. singletons: LBW standardized risk ratio 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.49,1.75), VLBW 1.79 (1.45, 2.12), preterm delivery 1.41 (1.32, 1.51), preterm LBW 1.74 (1.57, 1.90), and term LBW 1.39 (1.19, 1.59). Risk ratios for each outcome remained elevated after restriction to pregnancies with only 1 fetal heart or any of 7 other categories: parental infertility diagnosis of male factor, infertility diagnosis of tubal factor, conception using in vitro fertilization without intracytoplasmic sperm injection or assisted hatching, conception with intracytoplasmic sperm injection, conception in a treatment with extra embryos available, embryo culture for 3 days, and embryo culture for 5 days. CONCLUSION: Singletons born after ART remain at increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes; however, risk for term LBW declined from 1996 to 2000, whereas preterm LBW was stable. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Div Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), CDC, K-34,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LSchieve@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 27 TC 162 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1144 EP 1153 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000127037.12652.76 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875IU UT WOS:000225414500004 PM 15172846 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Rasmussen, SA Buck, GM Schendel, DE Reynolds, MA Wright, VC AF Schieve, LA Rasmussen, SA Buck, GM Schendel, DE Reynolds, MA Wright, VC TI Are children born after assisted reproductive technology at increased risk for adverse health outcomes? SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN-SYNDROME; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; INFANTS BORN; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; OVARIAN STIMULATION; IMPRINTING DEFECTS AB As assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are increasingly used to overcome infertility, there is concern about the health of the children conceived. The empirical evidence for associations with outcomes related to child health is variable and should be evaluated with consideration of methodological shortcomings. Currently, there is convincing evidence that ART treatment may increase the risk of a few outcomes. Experimental laboratory studies document that various constituents in culture media affect various embryo characteristics both positively and negatively. Multiple-gestation pregnancy and birth are increased with ART, both because of multiple embryo transfer and embryo splitting. There is evidence of an increase in chromosomal abnormalities among pregnancies conceived using intracytoplasmic sperm injection and low birth weight and preterm delivery among singletons conceived with all types of ART; however, there remains uncertainty about whether these risks stem from the treatment or the parental infertility. For some outcomes, data of an increased risk with ART are suggestive at best largely because of lack of purposeful study of sufficient size and scope. These include specific perinatal morbidities, birth defects, developmental disabilities, and retinoblastoma. The evidence for an association between ART and spontaneous abortion is inconsistent and weak. There is inconclusive evidence that ART may be associated with genetic imprinting disorders. For childhood cancer, chronic conditions, learning and behavioral disorders, and reproductive effects there is insufficient empirical research to date, but given the data for more proximal outcomes, these outcomes merit further study. Future research needs to address the unique methodological challenges underlying study in this area. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop LSchieve K-34,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Buck Louis, Germaine/0000-0002-1774-4490 NR 62 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1154 EP 1163 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000124571.04890.67 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875IU UT WOS:000225414500005 PM 15172847 ER PT J AU Whitehead, S Berg, CJ Chang, J AF Whitehead, S Berg, CJ Chang, J TI Pregnancy-related mortality due to cardiomyopathy: United States, 1991-1997 - In reply SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, HIV, APO, AP 96546 USA. RP Whitehead, S (reprint author), CDC, HIV, POB 68, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM swhitehead@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1343 EP 1343 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000130353.36937.0a PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875IU UT WOS:000225414500037 ER PT J AU King, ME Mannino, DM Holguin, F AF King, ME Mannino, DM Holguin, F TI Risk factors for asthma incidence - A review of recent prospective evidence SO PANMINERVA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE asthma, epidemiology; incidence; risk factors ID OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG-DISEASE; PROBABLE OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; PHYSICIAN-DIAGNOSED ASTHMA; ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA; BODY-MASS INDEX; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; NORTHERN SWEDEN; INCIDENCE RATES; BIRTH COHORT AB Aim. The aim of this study is to determine what factors have been shown, in prospective studies, to predict the incidence of asthma. Methods. We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature from 1994 to 2004 to determine what factors predict the development of asthma in both children and adults. This search strategy yielded 40 studies, with 36 providing some estimate of asthma incidence for the total sample and or a specific subgroup. Results. Annual estimated incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma ranged from 0.6 to 29.5 per 1000 persons. Risk factors for incident asthma among children included: male sex, atopic sensitization, parental history of asthma, early-life stressors and infections, obesity, and exposure to indoor allergens, tobacco smoke and outdoor pollutants. Risk factors for adult-onset asthma included female sex, airway hyperresponsiveness, lifestyle factors, and work-related exposures. Conclusion. Risk factors for asthma include both modifiable and nonmodifiable ones, and they vary between children and adults. This review of prospective evidence supports tobacco and smoke avoidance as an,intervention for the primary prevention of childhood asthma. During adolescence and adulthood, targeting lifestyle factors like obesity and smoking or reducing occupational exposures are the best opportunities for asthma prevention. Before specific public health recommendations can be made, however, additional longitudinal research is needed to better characterize target populations and identify appropriate settings for multifaceted asthma interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Kentucky, Div Polmonary & Crit Care Med, Lexington, KY USA. RP King, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSE-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Mking2@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 66 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 9 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0031-0808 J9 PANMINERVA MED JI Panminerva Medica PD JUN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2 BP 97 EP 110 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 870OT UT WOS:000225068000001 PM 15507879 ER PT J AU Colley, DG Secor, WE AF Colley, DG Secor, WE TI Immunoregulation and World Health Assembly resolution 54.19: why does treatment control morbidity? SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE schistosomiasis; morbidity; resistance; anti-helminthic drugs; idiotype; immunoregulation ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI INFECTIONS; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; HAEMATOBIUM INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ADULT WORM; INTERLEUKIN-5 PRODUCTION; PATHOLOGICAL SYNDROMES; PRAZIQUANTEL; CHEMOTHERAPY; REINFECTION AB World Health Assembly resolution 54.19, passed in May, 2001, declares the intent of the World Health Organization member States to implement a combined strategy for the control of morbidity caused by schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths. Among other things, the resolution urges ministries to treat all clinical cases and groups at high risk of morbidity such as children, women and those exposed occupationally. The policy is predicated on the evidence that morbidity due to these infections can be controlled by periodic treatment with appropriate chemotherapeutic, anti-helminthic drugs. While it is true that annual or biannual praziquantel treatment for schistosomiasis decreases morbidity, we now question how treatment leads to this beneficial effect. It is clear that treatment kills worms, but we propose that this is only a part of how it leads to reduced morbidity in areas of ongoing transmission and reinfection. By killing worms, we postulate that treatment also effects immunologic changes to the normal host/parasite relationship, and the resulting immune responses lead to both increased resistance (protection against reinfection), and increased immunoregulatory mechanisms that control morbidity upon subsequent reinfections. If the effects of treatment contribute to morbidity control in these ways, a better understanding of how this occurs may allow optimization of these effects of treatment through appropriate periodic treatment regimens, resulting in less reinfection and better morbidity control when reinfection does occur. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Colley, DG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, 623 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dcolley@uga.edu NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 53 IS 2 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2004.01.005 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 817XT UT WOS:000221210900005 PM 15081946 ER PT J AU Eber, GB Annest, JL Mercy, JA Ryan, GW AF Eber, GB Annest, JL Mercy, JA Ryan, GW TI Nonfatal and fatal firearm-related injuries among children aged 14 years and younger: United States, 1993-2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE firearms; gunshot wounds; children; accidents; violence ID PUBLIC-HEALTH APPROACH; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; GUN INJURIES; PREVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; YOUTH; DEATHS; TRIAL; LAWS AB Objective. To provide national estimates of fatal and nonfatal firearm-related (FA) injuries among children less than or equal to14 years old and to examine the circumstances under which these injuries occurred. Methods. For nonfatal FA injuries among children, we analyzed data on emergency department (ED) visits from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for 1993 through 2000. National estimates of injured children who were treated in hospital EDs were examined by selected characteristics, such as age, gender, race/ethnicity of the patient, primary body part affected, intent of the injury, the relationship of the shooter to the patient, where the injury occurred, and activity at the time of injury. For fatal FA injuries among children, we analyzed mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System for 1993 through 2000. Data from both sources were used to calculate case-fatality rates. Results. From 1993 through 2000, an estimated 22661 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16668-28654) or 4.9 per 100 000 (95% CI: 3.6-6.2) children less than or equal to14 years old with nonfatal FA injuries were treated in US hospital EDs. Assaults accounted for 41.5% of nonfatal FA injuries, and unintentional injuries accounted for 43.1%. Approximately 4 of 5 children who sustained a nonfatal, unintentional FA injury were reportedly shot by themselves or by a friend, a relative, or another person known to them. During this period, 5542, or 1.20 per 100000 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.23), children less than or equal to14 years old died from FA injuries; 1 of every 5 children who were wounded by a firearm gunshot died from that injury. Most FA deaths were violence related, with homicides and suicides constituting 54.7% and 21.9% of these deaths, respectively. For individuals less than or equal to14 years old, the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with FA injuries falls disproportionately on boys, blacks, and children 10 to 14 years old. Both fatal and nonfatal injury rates declined >50% during the study period. Conclusions. Although rates of nonfatal and fatal FA injuries declined during the period of study, FA injuries remain an important public health concern for children. Well-designed evaluation studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of potential interventions aimed at reducing FA injuries among children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Annest, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lannest@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1686 EP 1692 DI 10.1542/peds.113.6.1686 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 825TP UT WOS:000221781500020 PM 15173492 ER PT J AU Iwane, MK Edwards, KM Szilagyi, PG Walker, FJ Griffin, MR Weinberg, GA Coulen, C Poehling, KA Shone, LP Balter, S Hall, CB Erdman, DD Wooten, K Schwartz, B AF Iwane, MK Edwards, KM Szilagyi, PG Walker, FJ Griffin, MR Weinberg, GA Coulen, C Poehling, KA Shone, LP Balter, S Hall, CB Erdman, DD Wooten, K Schwartz, B CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI Population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; RSV; parainfluenza; population-based; hospitalizations ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; ILLNESS; ASTHMA; INFECTIONS; VISITS; BURDEN; RATES AB Objective. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses (PIV) cause significant morbidity in young children. Although only influenza virus infection and illness is currently vaccine-preventable, vaccines are under development for RSV and PIV. We established a prospective, active population-based surveillance network to provide precise estimates of hospitalization rates for viral acute respiratory illness (ARI) in young children and to measure the potential impact of enhanced vaccine usage on these rates. Methods. Prospective, active population-based surveillance was conducted in young children who were hospitalized for ARI from October 1, 2000, to September 30, 2001, in Monroe County, New York ( Rochester area) and Davidson County, Tennessee ( Nashville area). Eligible children younger than 5 years were those who resided in surveillance counties and were hospitalized for febrile or acute respiratory illness. Viral culture and polymerase chain reaction identified viruses from nasal and throat samples obtained from all surveillance children. We measured population-based rates of hospitalization for RSV, influenza virus, and PIV as well as demographic, clinical, and risk factor assessment for each virus. Results. Of 812 eligible hospital admissions, 592 (73%) children were enrolled. Of the enrolled children, RSV was identified in 20%, influenza in 3%, PIV in 7%, other respiratory viruses in 36%, and no detectable virus in 39%. Population-based rates of ARI hospitalizations in children younger than 5 years were 18 per 1000. Viruspositive hospitalization rates per 1000 children were 3.5 for RSV, 1.2 for PIV, and 0.6 for influenza virus. Younger age ( particularly < 1 year), black and Hispanic race/ethnicity, male gender, and presence of chronic underlying illness were associated with higher hospitalization rates. Conclusions. This study confirms that children younger than 5 years and particularly children younger than 1 year have a high burden of hospitalization from RSV, influenza, and PIV. The enhanced use of influenza vaccine and the development of RSV and PIV vaccines have the potential to reduce markedly the pediatric morbidity from ARIs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Iwane, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM miwane@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U38/CCU217969, U38/CCU417958] NR 24 TC 296 Z9 312 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1758 EP 1764 DI 10.1542/peds.113.6.1758 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 825TP UT WOS:000221781500031 PM 15173503 ER PT J AU Taras, HL Frankowski, BL McGrath, JW Mears, CJ Murray, RD Young, TL Long, J Newberry, JL Vernon-Smiley, M Hootman, J Li, S AF Taras, HL Frankowski, BL McGrath, JW Mears, CJ Murray, RD Young, TL Long, J Newberry, JL Vernon-Smiley, M Hootman, J Li, S CA Comm Sch Hlth TI School-based mental health services SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE school; mental health; school-based health center; SBHC; medical home; adolescent; prevention; intervention; confidentiality; assessment; referral; evaluation; school counselor; risk behavior; resilience; individualized education program; IEP; therapy; special education; special needs; curricular; managed care; emotional disorder ID CARE; CHILDREN AB More than 20% of children and adolescents have mental health problems. Health care professionals for children and adolescents must educate key stakeholders about the extent of these problems and work together with them to increase access to mental health resources. School-based programs offer the promise of improving access to diagnosis of and treatment for the mental health problems of children and adolescents. Pediatric health care professionals, educators, and mental health specialists should work in collaboration to develop and implement effective school-based mental health services. C1 Amer Sch Hlth Assoc, Kent, OH USA. Natl Educ Assoc, Hlth Informat Network, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Assoc Sch Nurses, Scarborough, ME USA. NR 24 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1839 EP 1845 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 825TP UT WOS:000221781500050 PM 15173522 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Halfon, N Olson, LM AF Blumberg, SJ Halfon, N Olson, LM TI The National Survey of Early Childhood Health SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE health surveys; child health; health indicators; health services ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; ATTACHMENT SECURITY; FRONTAL ACTIVATION; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; PARENTS; MOTHERS; SYSTEM; CARE; ADAPTATION; PRESCHOOL AB Objectives. The National Survey of Early Childhood Health (NSECH) is a new survey that was designed to provide nationally representative data on the health and development of children and to fill an information gap in the pediatric literature on parents' views of the delivery of health care to their young children. Design. The selection of topics was guided by previous studies conducted to examine parents' expectations and needs in child health supervision visits. The NSECH is a random-digit-dial telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of 2068 children aged 4 to 35 months. This sample includes an oversample of black and/or Hispanic children so that results for these minority groups could be estimated with greater precision. The sampling frame for NSECH is from the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey (SLAITS), which is a program of surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics that makes economical use of the large sampling frame of the National Immunization Survey (NIS). SLAITS takes advantage of the NIS screening effort by fielding interviews on other health topics with households screened for the NIS. The respondent was the parent or guardian identified as the person most responsible for the sampled child's medical care. Spanish-language interviews composed 19% of all completed interviews. The Council of American Survey Research Organizations response rate was 65.6%. Conclusion. The NSECH provides a unique data set that allows a well-rounded picture of the health, health care utilization, health care content, and interpersonal quality of health services received by young children in the United States. It also contains important information about family characteristics, patterns of health-promoting behaviors, and family routines that are associated with promoting the developmental health of young children. NSECH results can also help national policy makers understand the health needs of families with young children and how well the health system is meeting those needs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Ctr Healthier Children Families & Communities, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Healthier Children Families & Communities, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Policy, Ctr Healthier Children Families & Communities, Los Angeles, CA USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Dept Practice & Res, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 2112, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [5-U05MC-00010200] NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 6 SU S BP 1899 EP 1906 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 825TV UT WOS:000221782100002 PM 15173460 ER PT J AU Santoli, JM Huet, NJ Smith, PJ Barker, LE Rodewald, LE Inkelas, M Olson, LM Halfon, N AF Santoli, JM Huet, NJ Smith, PJ Barker, LE Rodewald, LE Inkelas, M Olson, LM Halfon, N TI Insurance status and vaccination coverage among US preschool children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Ambulatory-Pediatric-Association CY MAY 04-07, 2002 CL Baltimore, MD SP Ambulatory Pediat Assoc DE children; insurance status; vaccination; vaccination coverage ID CARE; IMMUNIZATION; ACCESS AB Background. Insurance status has been shown to have an impact on children's use of preventive and acute health services. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between insurance status and vaccination coverage among US preschool children aged 19 to 35 months. Methods. We linked data from 2 national telephone surveys, the National Immunization Survey and the National Survey of Early Childhood Health, conducted during the first half of 2000. Children were considered up to date (UTD) when they had received at least 4 diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis/diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines, 3 poliovirus vaccines, 1 MMR vaccine, 3 Haemophilus influenza vaccines, and 3 hepatitis B vaccines at the time the interview was conducted. Results. Among the 735 children in our study sample, 72% were UTD. The vast majority (94%) reported some type of health insurance at the time of the survey. Children with private insurance were more likely to be UTD (80%) than those with public insurance (56%) or no insurance (64%). In a multivariate analysis that controlled for child's race/ethnicity; household income; maternal age/marital status/educational level; location of usual care; and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children participation, insurance was no longer an independent predictor of vaccination. Conclusions. The disparity in vaccination coverage among publicly, privately, and uninsured children is dramatic, underscoring its importance as a marker for underimmunization, despite the multivariate findings. The Vaccines for Children Program, a partnership between public health and vaccination providers who serve uninsured children and those enrolled in Medicaid, is well suited to target and improve vaccination coverage among these vulnerable children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Healthier Children Families & Communities, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Dept Practice & Res, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Policy, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Social Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Santoli, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsantoli@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [5-U05MC-00010200] NR 16 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 6 SU S BP 1959 EP 1964 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 825TV UT WOS:000221782100009 PM 15173467 ER PT J AU Gaughan, DM Hughes, MD Oleske, JM Malee, K Gore, CA Nachman, S AF Gaughan, DM Hughes, MD Oleske, JM Malee, K Gore, CA Nachman, S CA Pediat AIDS Clin Trials Grp 219C Team TI Psychiatric hospitalizations among children and youths with human immunodeficiency virus infection SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; pediatrics; psychiatric hospitalization; psychologic distress; disclosure; proportional hazards regression ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; HIV DISEASE; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD; DEPRESSION; CANCER; LIFE; DISORDERS; DISTRESS AB Objective. Psychiatric manifestations of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been described. However, data on severe sequelae requiring hospitalization among this population have not been reported. Methods. The Pediatric Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 219C is a prospective cohort study designed to examine long-term outcomes among HIV-infected children and HIV-uninfected infants born to HIV-infected women. Children with HIV infection who have enrolled in PACTG 219C are examined quarterly, with collection of clinical and laboratory data. Hospitalizations and diagnoses for all participants between September 2000 (when enrollment into PACTG 219C was started) and December 2002 were reviewed. Results. Among 1808 HIV-infected participants who were <15 years of age at the last visit date, 25 children had been hospitalized for psychiatric manifestations, 8 before enrollment into PACTG 219C. Seventeen children were hospitalized during 2757 person-years of follow-up monitoring after entry into PACTG 219C, which represents an incidence of 6.17 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 3.59-9.87 cases per 1000 person-years). This was significantly higher than the incidence of 1.70 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 1.67-1.72 cases per 1000 person-years) in the general pediatric population <15 years of age, as reported in the 2000 National Hospital Discharge Survey, yielding a relative rate of 3.62 (95% confidence interval: 2.11-5.80). A total of 32 HIV-infected children, regardless of age, were hospitalized because of psychiatric illnesses. The majority of patients were admitted because of depression (n = 16) or behavioral disorders (n = 8). Fifteen (47%) underwent multiple psychiatric hospitalizations. The median age at the first psychiatric hospitalization was 11 years (range: 4-17 years); all patients had been perinatally infected. experienced a significant life event were both significantly associated with an increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization (hazard ratios of 6.13 and 3.04, respectively). No psychiatric hospitalizations were observed among the 1021 HIV-uninfected members of the cohort. Conclusions. Children with HIV/AIDS are at increased risk for psychiatric hospitalizations during childhood and early adolescence, compared with the general pediatric population. Knowledge of HIV seropositivity status and recent significant life events were significantly associated with increased risks of admission in this population. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Hlth Sci Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Morgantown, WV USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Community Constituency Grp, Conroe, TX USA. RP Nachman, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Hlth Sci Ctr, T11-060, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sharon.nachman@stonybrook.edu RI Oleske, James/C-1951-2016 OI Oleske, James/0000-0003-2305-5605 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 41110] NR 41 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 6 BP E544 EP E551 DI 10.1542/peds.113.6.e544 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 825TP UT WOS:000221781500068 PM 15173535 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM Thompson, D Dietz, WH AF Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM Thompson, D Dietz, WH TI Shifts in percentiles of growth during early childhood: Analysis of longitudinal data from the California Child Health and Development Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE catch-up growth; catch-down growth; growth variation; height-forage; weight-for-age; weight-for-height; BMI-for-age; percentile ID FAILURE-TO-THRIVE; STANDARDS; OBESITY; LIFE AB Objective. To document growth-velocity changes across major percentiles during the preschool years. Design. Analyses of longitudinal data using height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentiles were performed to examine crossing of major percentiles of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts. The 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were defined as the major percentiles. Setting. Data from the California Child Health and Development Study were used. Subjects. A total of 10 844 children up to 60 months of age, with 44 296 height and weight measurements, were included in our final analysis. Results. For height-for-age, 32% of children between birth and 6 months of age, 13% to 15% of children between 6 and 24 months of age, and 2% to 10% of children between 24 and 60 months of age crossed 2 major percentiles. For weight-for-age, 39% of children between birth and 6 months of age, 6% to 15% of children between 6 and 24 months of age, and 1% to 5% of children between 24 and 60 months of age crossed 2 major percentiles. In contrast, for weight-for-height, 62% of children between birth and 6 months of age, 20% to 27% of children between 6 and 24 months of age, and 6% to 15% of children between 24 to 60 months of age crossed 2 major percentiles. Similar to the pattern observed for weight-for-height, 8% to 15% of children between 24 and 60 months of age crossed 2 major BMI-for-age percentiles. During the preschool years, weight-for-height had the highest percentages of children who crossed 2 major percentiles, and weight-for-age had the lowest percentages of children who crossed 2 major percentiles among these 3 indices. Conclusions. Shifts in growth rates were very common for children from birth to 6 months of age, somewhat less common for children 6 to 24 months of age, and least common for children 24 to 60 months of age. Shifts in weight-for-height occurred more frequently than did other growth changes. Pediatricians must consider the prevalence of growth rate shifts during infancy and early childhood before they counsel parents regarding growth or refer children for additional evaluations of growth. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zmei@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01HD63258] NR 21 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 113 IS 6 BP E617 EP E627 DI 10.1542/peds.113.6.e617 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 825TP UT WOS:000221781500078 PM 15173545 ER PT J AU Ross, LE Coates, RJ Breen, N Uhler, RJ Potosky, AL Blackman, D AF Ross, LE Coates, RJ Breen, N Uhler, RJ Potosky, AL Blackman, D TI Prostate-specific antigen test use reported in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; screening; prostate-specific antigen ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; PATIENTS SELF-REPORTS; UNITED-STATES; SCREENING PRACTICES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MEN; KNOWLEDGE; BELIEFS; MAMMOGRAPHY; IMPACT AB Background. In 2000, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) collected information about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use in a representative sample of U.S. men. Methods. This study examined PSA test use in subgroups defined by personal and social characteristics. Results. Among men aged 50 and older with no history of prostate cancer, 56.8% reported ever having had a PSA test, 34.1% reported having had a screening PSA test during the previous year, and 30.0% reported having had three or more tests during the previous 5 years. Screening was greater among men aged 60-79 years, those with greater access to care, and those practicing other preventive behaviors. Among men in their 40s, use tended to be higher among African-American men. Conclusions. The prevalence and patterns of PSA screening suggest that PSA is used like other cancer screening tests among about a third of U.S. men. Because of the lack of scientific consensus on whether prostate cancer screening is beneficial, more information is needed on how knowledgeable both patients and practitioners are about the potential benefits and harms of screening and how prostate cancer screening decisions are made. (C) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ross, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lor3@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 6 BP 732 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.005 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 830IO UT WOS:000222115800007 PM 15193893 ER PT J AU Hoffmaster, AR Ravel, J Rasko, DA Chapman, GD Chute, MD Marston, CK De, BK Sacchi, CT Fitzgerald, C Mayer, LW Maiden, MCJ Priest, FG Barker, M Jiang, LX Cer, RZ Rilstone, J Peterson, SN Weyant, RS Galloway, DR Read, TD Popovic, T Fraser, CM AF Hoffmaster, AR Ravel, J Rasko, DA Chapman, GD Chute, MD Marston, CK De, BK Sacchi, CT Fitzgerald, C Mayer, LW Maiden, MCJ Priest, FG Barker, M Jiang, LX Cer, RZ Rilstone, J Peterson, SN Weyant, RS Galloway, DR Read, TD Popovic, T Fraser, CM TI Identification of anthrax toxin genes in a Bacillus cereus associated with an illness resembling inhalation anthrax SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CLOSELY-RELATED BACTERIA; GENOME SEQUENCE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; PLASMID; THURINGIENSIS; FRAGMENT; PXO1; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax, an acute fatal disease among mammals. It was thought to differ from Bacillus cereus, an opportunistic pathogen and cause of food poisoning, by the presence of plasmids pXO1 and pX o2, which encode the lethal toxin complex and the poly-p-D-glutamic acid capsule, respectively. This work describes a non-B. anthracis isolate that possesses the anthrax toxin genes and is capable of causing a severe inhalation anthrax-like illness. Although initial phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis identified this isolate as B. cereus, the rapid generation and analysis of a high-coverage draft genome sequence revealed the presence of a circular plasmid, named pBCXO1, with 99.6% similarity with the B. anthracis toxin-encoding plasmid, pXO1. Although homologues of the pXO2 encoded capsule genes were not found, a polysaccharide capsule cluster is encoded on a second, previously unidentified plasmid, pBC218. A/J mice challenged with B. cereus 69241 confirmed the virulence of this strain. These findings represent an example of how genomics could rapidly assist public health experts responding not only to clearly identified select agents but also to novel agents with similar pathogenic potentials. In this study, we combined a public health approach with genome analysis to provide insight into the correlation of phenotypic characteristics and their genetic basis. C1 Inst Genomic Res, Microbial Genomics & Pathogen Genomic Resource Ct, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3SY, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fraser, CM (reprint author), Inst Genomic Res, Microbial Genomics & Pathogen Genomic Resource Ct, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM cmfraser@tigr.org RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; OI Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; David, Rasko/0000-0002-7337-7154; Maiden, Martin/0000-0001-6321-5138 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI15447] NR 32 TC 287 Z9 306 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 22 BP 8449 EP 8454 DI 10.1073/pnas.0402414101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 826LY UT WOS:000221831800036 PM 15155910 ER PT J AU Reissman, DB AF Reissman, DB TI New roles for mental and behavioral health experts to enhance emergency preparedness and response readiness SO PSYCHIATRY-INTERPERSONAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reissman, DB (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Dreissman@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0033-2747 J9 PSYCHIATRY JI Psychiatry-Interpers. Biol. Process. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 67 IS 2 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1521/psyc.67.2.118.35956 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 836FV UT WOS:000222542000002 PM 15262577 ER PT J AU Frank, E Galuska, DA Elon, LK Wright, EH AF Frank, E Galuska, DA Elon, LK Wright, EH TI Personal and clinical exercise-related attitudes and behaviors of freshmen US medical students SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE exercise; patient counseling; physicians ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; WOMEN PHYSICIANS; COUNSELING PRACTICES; DISEASE PREVENTION; HEALTH PROMOTION; UNITED-STATES; INTERNISTS; OBESITY; CONSEQUENCES; QUALITY AB To determine personal and clinical exercise-related attitudes and behaviors of freshmen U.S. medical students, we surveyed 1, 906 entering freshman medical students (response rate = 87%; average age = 24 years) in 17 US. medical schools. Students reported a median of 45 min/day of exercise, 80 min/week each of mild and moderate exercise, and 100 min/week of strenuous exercise. Nearly all students (97.6%) engaged in some moderate or vigorous exercise in a typical week. Sixty-four percent complied with US. Department of Health and Human Services exercise recommendations. Most freshmen (79%) believed it would be highly relevant to their future Practices to counsel patients about exercise; predictors included intention to provide primary care, excellent health, prevention emphasis by their personal physician, and performing more strenuous exercise. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Frank, E (reprint author), 69 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM efrank@emory.edu NR 48 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD JUN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 112 EP 121 PG 10 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 822YT UT WOS:000221577600002 PM 15209329 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA AF Schulte, PA TI Genetics and epidemiology SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOMARKERS C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 254 EP 254 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834UO UT WOS:000222436600013 PM 15250656 ER PT J AU Jereb, J Albalak, R Castro, K AF Jereb, J Albalak, R Castro, K TI The Arden house Conference on Tuberculosis, revisited: Perspectives for tuberculosis elimination in the United States SO SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE tuberculosis epidemiology; tuberculosis treatment; tuberculosis prevention; tuberculosis funding; medical history ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; NEW-YORK-CITY; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; LATENT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; CENTRAL LOS-ANGELES; CONTACT INVESTIGATIONS; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB In 1959, the Arden House Conference on Tuberculosis inaugurated modern tuberculosis control strategy by declaring that curative treatment of tuberculosis is a public health obligation. In the decades after the conference, tuberculosis rates decreased more slowly than forecast, perhaps because chemotherapy had less impact than anticipated, or because the conference's recommendations were not implemented fully until 30 years later, when an epidemic resurgence jolted the country out of complacency. Since 1959, several broad issues have gained prominence after being overlooked or unexpected at the time of the Arden House Conference. These include tuberculosis outbreaks, contact investigations, treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, briefer treatment regimens, human immunodeficiency virus infection, bacteriology laboratory capabilities, and transnational migration. Trends and experience have shown that tuberculosis elimination in the United States will be unfeasible until both technological advances and social justice allow control systems to be applied throughout the world. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jereb, J (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxj4@cdc.gov NR 180 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1069-3424 J9 SEM RESP CRIT CARE M JI Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.1055/s-2004-829521 PG 15 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 833KS UT WOS:000222336800003 PM 16088468 ER PT J AU Bock, N Reichman, LB AF Bock, N Reichman, LB TI Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS: Epidemiological and clinical aspects (World perspective) SO SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; human immunodeficiency virus ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PERSONS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; AIDS; PROGRESSION; COHORT AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the most powerful known risk factor for progression from latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. The worldwide HIV epidemic has affected TB in every aspect: immunopathology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Of the 42 million people infected with HIV worldwide, more than a quarter of them are also infected with TB, and most live in countries with limited resources for health care in Africa and Asia. This chapter emphasizes HIV-associated TB in resource-limited settings. TB-infected persons with HIV-associated immunosuppression progress to TB disease at a rate of up to 10% per year. Standard TB diagnostic tools have diminished sensitivity in HIV co-infected cases. Standard TB treatment regimens may be less effective, particularly those that do not use a rifamycin throughout. Treatment is further complicated by toxicity, malabsorption, drug-drug interactions and immune reconstitution paradoxical reactions. TB control in the United States was destabilized in part by the HIV epidemic in the early 1990s; massive political will and resources were required to rebuild the public health infrastructure. Africa, Asia, and potentially the former Soviet Union are facing even greater destabilization of TB control due to the dual burden of disease and limited resources. An international response has been initiated but will require even greater political will and resources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Natl TB Ctr, Newark, NJ USA. RP Bock, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Programme AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nbock@cdc.gov NR 74 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1069-3424 J9 SEM RESP CRIT CARE M JI Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1055/s-2004-829505 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 833KS UT WOS:000222336800009 PM 16088474 ER PT J AU Kahn, RH Voigt, RF Swint, E Weinstock, H AF Kahn, RH Voigt, RF Swint, E Weinstock, H TI Early syphilis in the united states identified in corrections facilities, 1999-2002 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; WOMEN; JAILS; CITY AB Background: Corrections facilities offer public health practitioners an opportunity to gain access to large numbers of persons at risk for syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. Goals: The goals of this study were to estimate the number of early syphilis cases (primary, secondary, early latent) identified from corrections facilities from 1999 to 2002 and to determine characteristics of persons likely to be identified with syphilis in corrections facilities. Study Design: We determined the proportion of cases identified from corrections facilities for the entire United States using case reports by state health departments to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We calculated the proportion of cases identified in corrections facilities in the 30 counties with the largest number of cases in 2002 and determined the male-to-female syphilis rate ratios. Results: From 1999 to 2002, there were 63,293 cases of early syphilis reported to the CDC, of which 61,691 (97.5%) had a known source of report. Of these, 7725 (12.5%) noted corrections facilities as the source of information. Among men, 4747 (13.0%) cases were from corrections and in women 2974 (11.8%) of cases were. We found that counties with a higher proportion of cases from corrections facilities were likely to have lower male-to-female rate ratios (r = -0.66, P < 0.001). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of early syphilis cases is identified from corrections facilities. Among counties with the largest number of cases, a higher proportion of syphilis cases was identified from corrections facilities in counties with higher rates of heterosexually transmitted syphilis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kahn, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhk0@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1097/00007435-200406000-00008 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 825CC UT WOS:000221732600008 PM 15167646 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Maroufi, A Fox, KK Berman, SM AF Gunn, RA Maroufi, A Fox, KK Berman, SM TI Surveillance for repeat Gonorrhea infection, San diego, california, 1995-2001 - Establishing definitions and methods SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; CORE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RECIDIVISM; GEOGRAPHY; FRANCISCO; ALASKA AB Background: Persons with repeat gonorrhea (GC) infection often participate in sexual networks that maintain and spread GC throughout the community. However, there are no established methods for collecting repeat GC surveillance data that are needed to monitor trends and risk factors for repeat infection. Goal: The goal of this study was to evaluate definitions and methods for establishing surveillance for repeat gonorrhea infection. Study Design: During a 7-year period (1995-2001), all reported GC cases in San Diego County, California, were reviewed to identify persons with 2 GC infections that occurred > 30 but less than or equal to 365 days apart. Various matching criteria and definitions of repeat infection were evaluated. Results: Overall, 12,287 GC infections were reported; 509 persons accounted for 551 episodes of repeat infection and 9.7% of all GC infections. The mean annual repeat GC case rate was 2.8 per 100,000 population (range, 1.5-4.1) and repeat cases were 4.5% of total GC (range, 2.7-5.5%). Temporal trends in both repeat measures mirrored the overall county reported GC case rate. Young, inner-city males were more likely to have reported repeat GC infection. Conclusion: Simple, uniform repeat GC measures can be used to establish a surveillance system for monitoring trends, risk factors, and the impact of interventions directed toward preventing repeat GC infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), US PHS, STD & Hepatitis Prevent Program P511B, 3851 Rosecrans St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM robert.gunn@sdcounty.ca.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1097/00007435-200406000-00011 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 825CC UT WOS:000221732600011 PM 15167649 ER PT J AU Cardozo, BL Talley, L Burton, A Crawford, C AF Cardozo, BL Talley, L Burton, A Crawford, C TI Karenni refugees living in Thai-Burmese border camps: traumatic experiences, mental health outcomes, and social functioning SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Karenni refugees; psychosocial factors; cross-cultural; mental health; social functioning; Thailand ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HOPKINS SYMPTOM CHECKLIST-25; IQOLA PROJECT; 10 COUNTRIES; SURVIVORS; SF-36; QUESTIONNAIRE; INSTRUMENT; HOLOCAUST; TORTURE AB In June 2001, we assessed mental health problems among Karenni refugees residing in camps in Mae Hong Son, Thailand, to determine the prevalence of mental illness, identify risk factors, and develop a culturally appropriate intervention program. A systematic random sample was used with stratification for the three camps; 495 people aged 15 years or older from 317 households participated. We constructed a questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, culture-specific symptoms of mental illness, the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and selected questions from the SF-36 Health Survey. Mental health outcome scores indicated elevated levels of depression and anxiety symptoms; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores were comparable to scores in other communities affected by war and persecution. Psychosocial risk factors for poorer mental health and social functioning outcomes were insufficient food, higher number of trauma events, previous mental illness, and landmine injuries. Modifications in refugee policy may improve social functioning, and innovative mental health and psychosocial programs need to be implemented, monitored, and evaluated for efficacy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Rescue Comm, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Emregency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cardozo, BL (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mail Stop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bhc8@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 12 BP 2637 EP 2644 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.09.024 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 817PX UT WOS:000221190500021 ER PT J AU Porter, DW Hubbs, AF Mercer, R Robinson, VA Ramsey, D McLaurin, J Khan, A Battelli, L Brumbaugh, K Teass, A Castranova, V AF Porter, DW Hubbs, AF Mercer, R Robinson, VA Ramsey, D McLaurin, J Khan, A Battelli, L Brumbaugh, K Teass, A Castranova, V TI Progression of lung inflammation and damage in rats after cessation of silica inhalation SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE silica inhalation; pulmonary inflammation; silica lung burden; recovery ID AFRICAN GOLD MINERS; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; NITRIC-OXIDE; LYMPH-NODES; TIME-COURSE; QUARTZ; RISK; PARTICLES; RESPONSES AB Human epidemiologic studies have found that silicosis may develop or progress even after occupational exposure has ended, suggesting that there is a threshold lung burden above which silica-induced pulmonary disease progresses without further exposure. We previously described the time course of rat pulmonary responses to silica inhalation as biphasic, the initial phase characterized by increased but controlled pulmonary inflammation and damage. However, after a threshold lung burden was exceeded, rapid progression of silica-induced pulmonary disease occurred. To test the hypothesis that there is a threshold lung burden above which silica-induced pulmonary disease progresses without further exposure we initiated a study to investigate the relationship between silica exposure, the initiation and progression of silica-induced pulmonary disease, and recovery. Rats were exposed to silica (15 mg/m(3), 6 h/day) for either 20, 40, or 60 days. A portion of the rats from each exposure were maintained without further exposure for 36 days to examine recovery. The major findings of this study are: (1) silica-exposed rats were not in pulmonary overload, and lung silica burden decreased with recovery; (2) pulmonary inflammation, damage and lipidosis increased with recovery for rats exposed to silica for 40 and 60 days, but not 20 days; (3) histopathology revealed changes in silica-induced alveolitis, epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and alveolar lipoproteinosis consistent with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) endpoints; and (4) pulmonary fibrosis developed even when exposure was stopped prior to its initial development. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Porter, DW (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM DPorter@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 2 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh110 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 822PD UT WOS:000221551200019 PM 15056817 ER PT J AU Phelps, R Robbins, K Liberti, T Machuca, A Leparc, G Chamberland, M Kalish, M Hewlett, I Folks, T Lee, LM McKenna, M AF Phelps, R Robbins, K Liberti, T Machuca, A Leparc, G Chamberland, M Kalish, M Hewlett, I Folks, T Lee, LM McKenna, M TI Window-period human immunodeficiency virus transmission to two recipients by an adolescent blood donor SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; RISK; TRANSFUSION; HIV-1; DONATIONS; ASSAY; HCV AB BACKGROUND: Pooled NAT and donor screening have reduced the diagnostic window period for HIV in the blood donor population to approximately 10 to 15 days. This report describes two cases of transfusion-acquired HIV infection and verification of transmission from the donor to the recipients, and attempts to identify how the 18-year-old donor acquired her infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: After a repeat donor had a positive HIV test result, two recipients of the donor's previous donation were identified and tested. The donor and recipients were interviewed and blood samples were obtained for HIV DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: The two recipients had positive HIV test results. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high genetic similarity among the viruses (bootstrap 100%), consistent with transmission from the donor to the recipients. Four of five men with whom the donor had sexual contact during the critical time period when infection most likely occurred were located and tested; results were negative for HIV. CONCLUSIONS: Pooled NAT of blood donations has not eliminated the window period for HIV identification during seroconversion. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. US FDA, CBER, Mol Biol Lab,Off Blood Res & Review, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. Florida Blood Serv, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Phelps, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, MS E-07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RPhelps@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 929 EP 933 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03364.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 826IU UT WOS:000221823600022 PM 15157262 ER PT J AU Goodman, C Kachur, SP Abdulla, S Mwageni, E Nyoni, J Schellenberg, JA Mills, A Bloland, P AF Goodman, C Kachur, SP Abdulla, S Mwageni, E Nyoni, J Schellenberg, JA Mills, A Bloland, P TI Retail supply of malaria-related drugs in rural Tanzania: risks and opportunities SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; private sector; developing countries; antimalarials; Tanzania; rural areas ID HOME TREATMENT; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; KENYA; RESISTANCE; CHILDREN; CARE; COUNTRIES; AFRICA; SECTOR; POLICY AB OBJECTIVES To characterize availability of fever and malaria medicines within the retail sector in rural Tanzania, assess the likely public health implications, and identify opportunities for policy interventions to increase the coverage of effective treatment. METHODS A census of retailers selling drugs was undertaken in the areas under demographic surveillance in four Tanzanian districts, using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Drugs were stocked by two types of retailer: a large number of general retailers (n = 675) and a relatively small number of drug shops (n = 43). Almost all outlets stocked antipyretics/painkillers. One-third of general retailers stocking drugs had antimalarials, usually chloroquine alone. Almost all drug shops stocked antimalarials (98%); nearly all had chloroquine, 42% stocked quinine, 37% sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and 30% amodiaquine. A large number of antimalarial brands were available. Population ratios indicate the relative accessibility of retail drug providers compared with health facilities. Drug shop staff generally travelled long distances to buy from drugs wholesalers or pharmacies. General retailers bought mainly from local general wholesalers, with a few general wholesalers accounting for a high proportion of all sources cired. CONCLUSIONS Drugs were widely available from a large number of retail outlets. Potential negative implications include provision of ineffective drugs, confusion Over brand names, uncontrolled use of antimalarials, and the availability of components of potential combination therapy regimens as monotherapies. On the other hand, this active and highly accessible retail market provides opportunities for improving the coverage of effective antimalarial treatment. Interventions targeted at all drug retailers are likely to be costly to deliver and difficult to sustain, but two promising points for targeted intervention are drug shops and selected general wholesalers. Retail quality may also be improved through consumer education, and modification of the chemical quality, packaging and price of products entering the retail distribution chain. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Program Tanzania, Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Rufiji Demog & Hlth Surveillance Syst, Morogoro, Tanzania. Sokoine Univ Agr, Morogoro, Tanzania. Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Sociol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Gates Malaria Partnership, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goodman, C (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM catherine.goodman@lshr.ac.uk; spk0@cdc.gov; salim_abdulla@hotmail.com; mwageni@hotmail.com; joycenyoni@yahoo.com; joanna.schellenberg@lshrm.ac.uk; anne.mills@lshrm.ac.uk OI Mills, Anne/0000-0001-9863-9950 NR 33 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01245.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832XH UT WOS:000222300500002 PM 15189455 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA AF Tripp, RA TI Pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ENHANCED PULMONARY HISTOPATHOLOGY; ATTACHMENT GLYCOPROTEIN-G; CHEMOKINE MESSENGER-RNA; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; P RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; T-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVITY; REPLICATION IN-VITRO; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; SUBSTANCE-P AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognized as the most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide causing repeat infections throughout life with serious complications occurring in the elderly and immune compromised patient. The level of disease pathogenesis associated with RSV infection is balanced between virus elimination and the nature of the immune response to infection. The innate and adaptive immune responses to RSV infection are not fully elucidated; however, significant progress has been made in understanding the virus-host relationship and mechanisms associated with disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes important aspects of these findings, and provides current perspective on processes that may contribute to RSV disease pathogenesis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM rtripp@vet.uga.edu OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 155 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 17 IS 2 BP 165 EP 181 DI 10.1089/0882824041310513 PG 17 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 834LB UT WOS:000222411500004 PM 15279697 ER PT J AU Levett, PN Brooker, L Reifer, C Prussia, PR Eberhard, ML AF Levett, PN Brooker, L Reifer, C Prussia, PR Eberhard, ML TI Human external ophthalmomyiasis occurring in Barbados SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ESTRUS-OVIS; OESTRUS-OVIS; NASAL MYIASIS; OESTRIDAE; LARVAE; DIPTERA; AREA AB Human infection with the sheep nasal botfly Oestrus ovis occurs sporadically. In most cases, there is a history of a strike in the eye by the adult fly. Human O ovis has been reported rarely from the Americas. We report the first case of O ovis infection in the Caribbean region, which occurred in an urban area of Barbados. The patient responded to removal of the larvae from the conjunctiva and symptomatic treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ W Indies, Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Sch Clin Med & Res, Bridgetown, Barbados. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Saskatchewan Hlth, Prov Lab, 3211 Albert St, Regina, SK 5W6 0B6, Canada. EM plevett@health.gov.sk.ca NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES PI KINGSTON PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA SN 0043-3144 J9 W INDIAN MED J JI West Ind. Med. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 53 IS 3 BP 198 EP 200 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 840LO UT WOS:000222860300015 PM 15352754 ER PT J AU O'Callaghan, JP Sriram, K AF O'Callaghan, JP Sriram, K TI Focused microwave irradiation of the brain preserves in vivo protein phosphorylation: comparison with other methods of sacrifice and analysis of multiple phosphoproteins SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE brain; cell signaling; microwave irradiation; phosphoproteins; protein phosphorylation ID RAT-BRAIN; TISSUE FIXATION; NEUROPEPTIDES; METABOLISM; ISCHEMIA; REGIONS; ENERGY; INVIVO AB At any point in time. net protein phosphorylation represents the contribution of protein kinase and protein phosphatase activities affecting a specific site on a given Substrate. Preservation of phosphorylated proteins in neural tissues has traditionally included flash-freezing or fresh tissue processing following tissue isolation. Rapid heat inactivation of protein kinases and phosphatases by focused microwave irradiation sacrifice represents another method to preserve, in vivo, brain protein phosphorylation state. In this study, we compared preservation of the phosphorylation state of a variety of phosphoproteins in the brain following sacrifice of mice by decapitation, decapitation into liquid nitrogen and focused microwave irradiation. We found that microwave irradiation generally provided the highest and most consistent levels of protein phosphorylation. regardless of the substrates examined in striatum and hippocampus. In general, flash-freezing resulted in the least preservation of phospho-state with ERK 1/2 and CREB showing almost complete dephosphorylation. When regions of freshly decapitated brains were homogenized and incubated oil ice for 30 min, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was completely lost, whereas it was well preserved in microwaved samples left at room temperature for 2 h. Loss of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in the fresh samples could not be attributed to substrate protectlysis. Our results indicate that focused microwave irradiation sacrifice may be required to achieve biologically relevant data for the in vivo protein phosphorylation state of many phosphoproteins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HELD, TMBB, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HELD, TMBB, NIOSH, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 32 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD MAY 30 PY 2004 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.neumeth.2003.12.006 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 813DG UT WOS:000220887200018 PM 15020100 ER PT J AU Ardalan, A Linkov, F Naieni, KH LaPorte, RE Noji, E AF Ardalan, A Linkov, F Naieni, KH LaPorte, RE Noji, E TI Bridging schools of public health between Iran and the USA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran. Univ Tehran Med Sci, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Tehran, Iran. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Linkov, F (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM fyl1@pitt.edu NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 29 PY 2004 VL 363 IS 9423 BP 1830 EP 1830 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16323-X PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 824SD UT WOS:000221705800038 PM 15172794 ER PT J AU Sly, D Arheart, K Dietz, N Borgen, C Trapido, E McKenna, J AF Sly, D Arheart, K Dietz, N Borgen, C Trapido, E McKenna, J CA CDC TI Effect of ending an antitobacco youth campaign on adolescent susceptibility to cigarette smoking - Minnesota, 2002-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 301-304, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID TOBACCO CONTROL C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sly, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 26 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 20 BP 2422 EP 2423 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 823HB UT WOS:000221599700010 ER PT J AU Redmond, A Horne, J Pelletier, A Porter, J Johnson, J Brewer, R Miller, J AF Redmond, A Horne, J Pelletier, A Porter, J Johnson, J Brewer, R Miller, J CA CDC TI Alcohol use among adolescents and adults - New Hampshire, 1991-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 174-175, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. New Hampshire Dept Educ, Concord, NH 03301 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Redmond, A (reprint author), New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 26 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 20 BP 2423 EP 2424 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 823HB UT WOS:000221599700011 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Salant, H Sreekumar, C Dahl, E Vianna, MCB Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Spira, D Hamburger, J Lehmann, TV AF Dubey, JP Salant, H Sreekumar, C Dahl, E Vianna, MCB Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Spira, D Hamburger, J Lehmann, TV TI High prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in a commercial flock of chickens in Israel, and public health implications of free-range farming SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; isolation; chickens; Gallus domesticus; Israel; genotyping ID OOCYSTS; BRAZIL; RESPONSES; EGYPT; DUCKS; INDIA; CATS AB Little is known of the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in commercially raised chickens. In the present study, the prevalence of T. gondii in 96 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from a commercial farm in Israel was assessed. Blood, heart, and brain from each chicken were examined for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (MAT greater than or equal to 1:5), were found in 45 of the 96 chickens. Hearts and brains of seropositive (MAT greater than or equal to 1:5) chickens were bioassayed in mice. Additionally, hearts and brains of 51 seronegative (MAT < 1:5) chickens were bioassayed in two T. gondii-free cats. T. gondii was isolated from 19 of the 45 (42.2%) seropositive chickens by bioassay in mice. Both the cats fed tissues pooled from seronegative chickens shed T. gondii oocysts. Tachyzoites and tissue cysts of all 21 isolates of T. gondii from chickens were avirulent for mice. Seventeen of the 19 isolates genotyped were found to be type II, and 2 were type III. Understanding of the sources of infection on such farms could be the key to the development of better prevention strategies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC E,Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY 26 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.03.004 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 824LS UT WOS:000221688700015 PM 15135872 ER PT J AU Otten, RA Adams, DR Kim, CN Pullium, JK Sawyer, T Jackson, E Folks, TM Butera, S AF Otten, RA Adams, DR Kim, CN Pullium, JK Sawyer, T Jackson, E Folks, TM Butera, S TI Chronic HIV-2 infection protects against total CD4+ cell depletion and rapid disease progression induced by SHIV89.6p challenge SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Symposium on Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS CY OCT, 2000 CL MADISON, WI DE HIV; simian/human immunodeficiency virus; pig-tailed macaque; re-challenge; CD4 ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MULTIPROTEIN DNA/MVA VACCINE; PIG-TAILED MACAQUES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; NATURAL PROTECTION; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; MACACA-NEMESTRINA; MUCOSAL CHALLENGE; RHESUS MACAQUES; DUAL INFECTION AB Objective: To better understand HIV-1 sexual transmission risk, we have studied the susceptibility of HIV-2-exposed, uninfected (EU) female pig-tailed macaques to intravaginal (IVAG) re-challenge with the homologous HIV-2 strain, followed by heterologous SHIV89.6p. Methods: Nine female macaques, previously protected by a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimen, along with one mock-treated EU animal, were re-exposed to HIV-2 by the IVAG route approximately 1.5 years later. A single follow-up challenge was performed approximately 1 year later with SHIV89.6p to assess susceptibility of chronic HIV-2-infected animals to further re-infection and pathogenic effects with a heterologous virus, somewhat mimicking HIV-1. Results: Eight of ten macaques (80%) became infected systemically with HIV-2, and plasma or cervicovaginal vRNA levels did not appreciably differ from prior historic non-PEP control macaques. Interestingly, all eight HIV-2-infected females were susceptible to SHIV89.6p infection by either intravenous (n = 4) or IVAG exposure (n = 4) after one inoculation. Plasma vRNA levels in these groups were controlled by week 8 and there were no decrease in CD4+ T cells > 50%. The remaining two HIV-2 EU macaques, inoculated intrarectally with SHIV89.6p, were unable to control virus replication and succumbed to disease by week 25 or week 61. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that successful PEP regimens to prevent an initial infection do not have any lasting protective effects. The observed lack of cross-protection against SHIV89.6p, transmission among chronic HIV-2-infected macaques provides modeling support for limited epidemiologic data indicating that human HIV-2 infection does not protect against HIV-1 infection, but may serve to alter overt clinical outcome. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 CDC, NCID, DASTLR, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch,Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Div Anim Resources, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Otten, RA (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DASTLR, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch,Ctr Dis Control & Pr, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rxo1@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 21 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1127 EP 1135 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000125947.88690.17 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 827GR UT WOS:000221888200006 PM 15166528 ER PT J AU Richardson, JL Milam, J McCutchan, A Stoyanoff, S Bolan, R Weiss, J Kemper, C Larsen, RA Hollander, H Weismuller, P Marks, G AF Richardson, JL Milam, J McCutchan, A Stoyanoff, S Bolan, R Weiss, J Kemper, C Larsen, RA Hollander, H Weismuller, P Marks, G TI Effect of brief safer-sex counseling by medical providers to HIV-1 seropositive patients: a multi-clinic assessment SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; prevention; counseling; safe sex; medical provider ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIGH-RISK SEX; BISEXUAL MEN; BEHAVIOR; REDUCTION; GAY; TRANSMISSION; INTERVENTION; INFECTION AB Objective: To test the efficacy of brief, safer-sex counseling by medical providers of HIV-positive patients during medical visits. Setting: Six HIV clinics in California. Design: Clinics were randomized to intervention arms evaluated with cohorts of randomly selected patients measured before and after the intervention. Participants: Five-hundred and eighty-five HIV-positive persons, sexually active prior to enrollment. Interventions: Prevention counseling from medical providers supplemented with written information. Two clinics used a gain-framed approach (positive consequences of safer-sex), two used a loss-frame approach (negative consequences of unsafe sex), and two were attention-control clinics (medication adherence). Interventions were given to all patients who attended the clinics. Outcome measure: Self-reported unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAV). Results: Among participants who had two or more sex partners at baseline, UAV was reduced 38% (P < 0.001) among those who received the loss-frame intervention. UAV at follow-up was significantly lower in the loss-frame arm [odds ratio (OR), 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.19-0.91; P = 0.03] compared with the control arm. Using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to adjust for clustering did not change the conclusions (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.24-0.49; P = 0.0001). Similar results were obtained in participants with casual partners at baseline. No effects were seen in participants with only one partner or only a main partner at baseline. No significant changes were seen in the gain-frame arm. Conclusions: Brief provider counseling emphasizing the negative consequences of unsafe sex can reduce HIV transmission behaviors in HIV-positive patients presenting with risky behavioral profiles. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Family Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Santa Clara Valley Med Ctr, HIV Posit PACE Clin, San Jose, CA 95128 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Orange Cty Hlth Care Agcy, Santa Ana, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richardson, JL (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, 1441 Eastlake Ave,MS 9175, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH57208] NR 35 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 3 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 21 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1179 EP 1186 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000125965.01259.5f PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 827GR UT WOS:000221888200011 PM 15166533 ER PT J AU Brouwer, KC Lal, RB Mirel, LB Yang, CF van Eijk, AM Ayisi, J Otieno, J Nahlen, BL Steketee, R Lal, AA Shi, YP AF Brouwer, KC Lal, RB Mirel, LB Yang, CF van Eijk, AM Ayisi, J Otieno, J Nahlen, BL Steketee, R Lal, AA Shi, YP TI Polymorphism of Fc receptor IIa for IgG in infants is associated with susceptibility to perinatal infants is HIV-1 infection SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Fc gamma RIIa; IgG subclasses; perinatal transmission; HIV ID ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT-WOMEN; WESTERN KENYA; CD32 POLYMORPHISM; GAMMA-RECEPTORS; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; MOTHER; MALARIA; BINDING; SUBCLASSES AB Objective: To evaluate the effect of polymorphism of the Fcgamma receptor IIa, which is associated with differential human IgG subclass binding, on perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Methods: FcgammaRIIa genotype was tested in 448 HIV-seropositive mothers and their infants from a cohort study designed to assess the effect of placental malaria on HIV vertical transmission conducted from 1996 to 2001 in western Kenya. FcgammaRIIa polymorphism was analyzed for associations with susceptibility to perinatal HIV infection and all-cause child mortality in HIV-positive children. Results: Overall, 20% of infants were perinatally infected with HIV. There was no statistically significant association between maternal genotype and perinatal HIV-1 transmission. However, frequency of the infant FcgammaRIIa His/His131 genotype was higher in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative infants (35% and 21%, respectively), whereas the distribution was reversed (15% and 28%, respectively) for infants with the FcgammaRIIa Arg/Arg131 genotype. Multivariate logistic regression controlling for maternal and infant confounding factors demonstrated that the odds of perinatal HIV infection in infants with the FcgammaRIIa His/His131 versus FcgammaRIIa His/Arg131 genotypes were significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-4.02; P = 0.009). There was no evidence for an association between HIV-positive child all-cause mortality and FcgammaRIIa genotype. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that the infant FcgammaRIIa His/His131 genotype is associated with susceptibility to perinatal HIV-1 transmission and further suggests that there is a dose-response relationship for the effect of the FcgammaRIIa His131 gene on transmission. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Shi, YP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-12, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 21 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1187 EP 1194 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000125966.08883.a1 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 827GR UT WOS:000221888200012 PM 15166534 ER PT J AU Beck, LF MAck, KA Shults, RA AF Beck, LF MAck, KA Shults, RA CA CDC TI Impact of primary laws on adult use of safety belts - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 257-260, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beck, LF (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 19 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 19 BP 2310 EP 2311 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 821JD UT WOS:000221455400008 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Fiore, AE Strine, TW Barker, LE AF Luman, ET Fiore, AE Strine, TW Barker, LE TI Impact of thimerosal-related changes in hepatitis B vaccine birth-dose recommendations on childhood vaccination coverage SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; CARRIER STATE; UNITED-STATES; NURSERIES; CHILDREN; MERCURY; AGE AB Context In July 1999, the longstanding preference to begin hepatitis B vaccination of all US infants at birth was temporarily suspended because of concerns about exposure to mercury contained in the vaccine preservative thimerosal. The suspension was lifted in September 1999 when preservative-free hepatitis B vaccine became available. Objective To determine the effects of changes in recommendations regarding administration of a hepatitis B birth dose on vaccination coverage. Design, Setting, and Participants Cohort analysis of vaccination status of 41589 US children born before, during, and after the recommendation to suspend the birth dose. Main Outcome Measures Association between birth cohort and age at receipt of hepatitis B vaccine dose 1, and receipt by 19 months of age of all recommended vaccines. Results The proportion of US infants who received dose 1 of hepatitis B vaccine at birth declined from 47% among those born 7 to 12 months before the suspension to 11% among those born during the suspension. Birth-dose coverage remained significantly lower in the year after the suspension was lifted (23% in the first 6 months and 33% in months 7-12). Coverage with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine by 19 months of age declined from 88% among those born 7 to 12 months before the suspension to 81% among those born during the suspension and 85% among those born in the 6 months after the suspension, but returned to baseline levels for those born 7 to 12 months after the suspension was lifted. These reductions represent 750000 fewer newborns vaccinated during 2000 compared with 1998, and an excess 182000 children undervaccinated for hepatitis B at 19 months of age compared with 1998 coverage levels. Coverage with other recommended vaccinations did not decline over this time. Conclusions' Reductions in hepatitis B vaccine birth-dose coverage persisted after recommendations were made to resume previous newborn vaccination practices. Although the recommendation to complete the series by 19 months of age was never changed, infants born between July and December 1999 were less likely to have completed the series by 19 months, compared with infants born during the previous year. The lack of impact on other vaccinations suggests that public confidence in immunization remained strong. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 19 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 19 BP 2351 EP 2358 DI 10.1001/jama.291.19.2351 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 821JD UT WOS:000221455400023 PM 15150207 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Giles, WH Mokdad, AH TI The distribution of 10-year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults - Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION MODELS; FRAMINGHAM; PREVENTION; AWARENESS; MORTALITY; SCORES; PROCAM AB OBJECTIVES We sought to establish the distribution of the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) among U.S. adults. BACKGROUND Risk assessment for CHD was developed to provide clinicians with a tool to estimate the absolute risk of developing CHD. More recently, risk assessment is increasingly being incorporated into guidelines for diagnostic testing and treatment. Yet, little is known about the 10-year risk distribution for CHD among adults in the U.S. based on these risk assessment tools. METHODS We applied the risk prediction algorithm used by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines to data from 13,769 participants (representing 157,366,716 U.S. adults) age 20 to 79 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994). RESULTS Among participants without self-reported CHD (heart attack and angina pectoris), stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetes, 81.7% (140 million adults) had a 10-year risk for CHD of <10%, 15.5% (23 million adults) of 10% to 20%, and 2.9% (4 million adults) of >20%. The proportion of the participants with a 10-year risk for CHD of >20% increased with advancing age and was higher among men than among women but varied little with race or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Our results help to define the distribution of 10-year risk for CHD among U.S. adults. (C) 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 173 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAY 19 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1791 EP 1796 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.061 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 821AQ UT WOS:000221432000012 PM 15145101 ER PT J AU Binder, S AF Binder, S TI Protecting American families from injury SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Binder, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-02, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2313 EP 2314 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 823OT UT WOS:000221623300003 PM 15168953 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM De Roos, AJ Renner, JB Luta, G Cohen, A Craft, N Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC Arab, L AF Jordan, JM De Roos, AJ Renner, JB Luta, G Cohen, A Craft, N Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC Arab, L TI A case-control study of serum tocopherol levels and the alpha- to gamma-tocopherol ratio in radiographic knee osteoarthritis - The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-tocopherol; antioxidants; gamma-tocopherol; osteoarthritis, knee; tocopherols; vitamin E ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; VITAMIN-E; BETA-CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; UNITED-STATES; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; DIETARY-INTAKE; DOUBLE-BLIND; GUINEA-PIGS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS AB Tocopherols are lipid-soluble antioxidants that may protect against some conditions of aging. The authors examined associations between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and serum levels of alpha-, delta-, and gamma-tocopherol and the alpha:gamma-tocopherol ratio in African-American and White adults from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project (North Carolina, 1991-1997). Two hundred cases with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades greater than or equal to2) and 200 controls (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0) were randomly selected and matched by age, ethnicity, and sex. Serum tocopherol levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and tertiles of each tocopherol measure, independent of confounders. Persons in the highest tertile of the alpha:gamma-tocopherol ratio had half the odds of radiographic knee osteoarthritis as those in the lowest tertile (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 1.2). This inverse association occurred in all ethnic and sex subgroups, significantly in African Americans and men. Radiographic knee osteoarthritis was inversely associated with serum alpha-tocopherol in African Americans and men, positively associated with serum gamma-tocopherol in men, and unassociated with serum delta-tocopherol. Associations between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and tocopherol isoforms are complex and may vary by ethnicity and sex. C1 Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. Craft Technol Inc, Wilson, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Sch Med, 3310 Doc J Thurston Jr Bldg,CB 7330, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM joanne_jordan@med.unc.edu OI Luta, George/0000-0002-4035-7632; Luta, George/0000-0001-9013-2207 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [5-P60-AR30701]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK56350]; PHS HHS [S043] NR 84 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 10 BP 968 EP 977 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh133 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 819DU UT WOS:000221294600009 PM 15128609 ER PT J AU Floyd, RL Sidhu, JS AF Floyd, RL Sidhu, JS TI Monitoring prenatal alcohol exposure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE alcohol misuse; fetal alcohol syndrome; birth defects ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; BINGE DRINKING; UNITED-STATES; CONSUMPTION; RISK AB Alcohol use during pregnancy is a leading, preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States, with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) being one of the most severe outcomes. Current survey statistics find that approximately one in eight pregnant women (500,000 per year) report alcohol use, with approximately 80,000 reporting binge drinking. While annual rates have fluctuated, trends analysis finds that there has been no significant change in rates of prenatal alcohol exposure over the past 10-year period. Development of effective programs to prevent FAS and to monitor the success of prevention efforts requires epidemiological data systems to inform these activities. This article describes alcohol use patterns among childbearing-age women and data sources that can be used in monitoring this behavior. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Sydnrome Prevent Team, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Floyd, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Fetal Alcohol Sydnrome Prevent Team, Execut Pk Dr,Bldg 12,Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM rif3@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET C JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 127C IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30010 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 816WQ UT WOS:000221140400002 PM 15095466 ER PT J AU Cooper, CP Williams, KN Carey, KA Fowler, CS Frank, M Gelb, CA AF Cooper, CP Williams, KN Carey, KA Fowler, CS Frank, M Gelb, CA TI Advertising campaign on a major internet search engine to promote colorectal cancer screening SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Yahoo, Atlanta, GA 30327 USA. Ogilvy Publ Relat Worldwide, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Cooper, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ccooper@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 7449 BP 1179 EP 1180 DI 10.1136/bmj.328.7449.1179 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 821XU UT WOS:000221497500027 PM 15142926 ER PT J AU Seeff, LC Nadel, MR Klabunde, CN Thompson, T Shapiro, JA Vernon, SW Coates, RJ AF Seeff, LC Nadel, MR Klabunde, CN Thompson, T Shapiro, JA Vernon, SW Coates, RJ TI Patterns and predictors of colorectal cancer test use in the adult US population SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer (CRC); mass screening; fetal occult blood test (FOBT); sigmoidoscopy; colonoscopy ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; SCREENING-TESTS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; CARE; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; GUIDELINES; PROSTATE; PROGRESS AB BACKGROUND. Screening is effective in reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Rates of colorectal cancer test use continue to be low. METHODS. The authors analyzed data from the National Health Inter-view Survey concerning the use of the home-administered fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy/proctoscopy to estimate current rates of colorectal cancer test use and to identify factors associated with the use or nonuse of tests. RESULTS. In 2000, 17.1% of respondents reported undergoing a home FORT within the past year, 33.9% reported undergoing an endoscopy within the previous 10 years, and 42.5% reported undergoing either test within the recommended time intervals. The use of colorectal cancer tests varied by gender, race, ethnicity, age, education, income, health care coverage, and having a usual source of care. Having seen a physician within the past year had the strongest association with test use. Lack of awareness and lack of physician recommendation were the most commonly reported barriers to undergoing such tests. CONCLUSIONS. Less than half of the U.S. population age greater than or equal to 50 years underwent colorectal cancer tests within the recommended time intervals. Educational initiatives for patients and providers regarding the importance of colorectal cancer screening, efforts to reduce disparities in test use, and ensuring that all persons have access to routine primary care may help increase screening rates. (C) 2004 American Cancer Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. RP Seeff, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lvs3@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 363 Z9 367 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 100 IS 10 BP 2093 EP 2103 DI 10.1002/cncr.20276 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 817DA UT WOS:000221157000006 PM 15139050 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Polyak, CS Bishop, RD Sobel, J Mintz, ED AF Gupta, A Polyak, CS Bishop, RD Sobel, J Mintz, ED TI Laboratory-confirmed shigellosis in the United States, 1989-2002: Epidemiologic trends and patterns SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Disease-Society-America CY OCT, 2002 CL Chicago, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; VACCINE; SONNEI; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; FLEXNERI; CHILDREN; ILLNESS AB During 1989-2002, a total of 208,368 laboratory-confirmed Shigella infections were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Shigella sonnei accounted for 71.7%, Shigella flexneri accounted for 18.4%, Shigella boydii accounted for 1.6%, and Shigella dysenteriae accounted for 0.7% of infections; for 7.6%, no serogroup was reported. National incidence rates ranged from 7.6 cases per 100,000 persons in 1993 to 3.7 cases per 100,000 persons in 1999. Incidence rates for S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, and S. flexneri decreased over the 14-year period by 81%, 83%, and 64%, respectively; S. sonnei rates only decreased by 8%. The highest rates were reported from western states (10.0 cases per 100,000 persons) and among children 1-4 years of age (20.6 cases per 100,000 persons). The female-male S. sonnei incidence rate ratio among 20-39-year-old adults decreased from 2.3 during 1989-1999 to 1.4 during 2000-2002. Approximately 1% of isolates were from extraenteric sources; 0.25% were from blood. S. sonnei remains an important cause of diarrhea in the United States. Prevention efforts that target high-risk groups are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off,Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mintz, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM edm1@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1372 EP 1377 DI 10.1086/386326 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 817JH UT WOS:000221173300007 PM 15156473 ER PT J AU Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Rodewald, L AF Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Rodewald, L TI Financing immunizations in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; CHILDREN PROGRAM; AMERICAN CHILDREN; INSURANCE STATUS; CLINICS; HEALTH; PHYSICIANS; IMPACT; PEDIATRICIANS; REFERRALS AB Children in the United States receive immunizations through both private and public sectors. The federal government has supported childhood immunization since 1963 through the Vaccination Assistance Act (Section 317 of the Public Health Service Act). Since 1994, the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program has provided additional support for childhood vaccines. In 2002, 41% of childhood vaccines were purchased through VFC, 11% through Section 317, 5% through state and/or local governments, and 43% through the private sector. The recent introduction of more-expensive vaccines, such as pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, has highlighted weaknesses in the current system. Adult immunization is primarily performed in the private sector. Until 1981, there was no federal support for adult immunization. Since 1981, Medicare has reimbursed the cost of pneumococcal vaccine for its beneficiaries; influenza vaccine was added in 1993. This paper summarizes the history of financing immunizations in the United States and discusses some current problems and proposed solutions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hinman, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, 750 Commerce Dr,Ste 400, Decatur, GA 30330 USA. EM ahinman@taskforce.org NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1445 EP 1451 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 817JH UT WOS:000221173300018 ER PT J AU Tedaldi, EM Baker, RK Moorman, AC Wood, KC Fuhrer, J McCabe, RE Holmberg, SD AF Tedaldi, EM Baker, RK Moorman, AC Wood, KC Fuhrer, J McCabe, RE Holmberg, SD CA HOPS Investigators TI Hepatitis A and B vaccination practices for ambulatory patients infected with HIV SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS HIV; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; RISK-FACTORS; SEX; IMMUNOGENICITY; ADOLESCENTS; GUIDELINES; WASHINGTON AB Few studies exist of adherence to guidelines for vaccination of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART). In a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis in the HIV Outpatient Study sites, 198 ( 32.4%) of 612 patients eligible for hepatitis B vaccine received at least 1 dose. In multivariate analysis, hepatitis B vaccination was associated with HIV risk category, education level, and number of visits to the HIV clinic per year. Among 716 patients eligible for hepatitis A vaccine, 167 (23.3%) received greater than or equal to 1 dose. Response to hepatitis B vaccination was associated with higher nadir CD4(+) cell counts (P = .008) and HIV RNA levels less than the level of detection (P = .04), although some response was documented at all CD4(+) levels. Although there were low rates of complete hepatitis vaccination in this cohort of ambulatory patients, prompt efforts to vaccinate patients entering care, receipt of antiretroviral therapy, and practice reminder systems may enhance vaccination practices. C1 Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Fairmont Hosp, San Leandro, CA USA. RP Tedaldi, EM (reprint author), Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, 1316 W Ontario St, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM etedaldi@temple.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1483 EP 1489 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 817JH UT WOS:000221173300023 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJB Biggerstaff, BJ Bacon, RM Schriefer, ME AF Johnson, BJB Biggerstaff, BJ Bacon, RM Schriefer, ME TI Cost-effectiveness of peptide-antigen immunoassays for Lyme disease - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID LABORATORY EVALUATION; DIAGNOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Johnson, BJB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM bjohnson@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 10 BP 1962 EP 1964 DI 10.1086/383481 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 823ZE UT WOS:000221652200023 ER PT J AU Bulterys, M Chao, A Dushimimana, A Parekh, BS AF Bulterys, M Chao, A Dushimimana, A Parekh, BS TI Unsafe injections and transmission of HIV-1 in sub-Saharan Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION; BUTARE; RWANDA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Minist Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbulterys@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 363 IS 9421 BP 1650 EP 1650 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16219-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 820SE UT WOS:000221408800034 PM 15145648 ER PT J AU Hu, XM Roberts, J Kan, YW Ma, Q AF Hu, XM Roberts, J Kan, YW Ma, Q TI Essential role of Nrf2 in protection against ovarian follicle loss induced by 4vinylcyclohexene and 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide in mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology/8th Congress of the International-Union-for-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology CY JUN 12-16, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc BioChem & Mol Biol, Int Union Biochem & Mol Biol C1 NIOSH, HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 14 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 SU S BP C303 EP C304 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 823UP UT WOS:000221639101400 ER PT J AU Glass, RI AF Glass, RI TI Perceived threats and real killers SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 14 PY 2004 VL 304 IS 5673 BP 927 EP 927 DI 10.1126/science.304.5673.927 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 820IV UT WOS:000221383300001 PM 15143240 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Laserson, K Cookson, S Mills, W Field, K Koppaka, VR Oxtoby, M Maloney, S Wells, C AF Thorpe, LE Laserson, K Cookson, S Mills, W Field, K Koppaka, VR Oxtoby, M Maloney, S Wells, C TI Infectious tuberculosis among newly arrived refugees in the United States SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM lthorpe@health.nyc.gov NR 4 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 13 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 20 BP 2105 EP 2106 DI 10.1056/NEJM200405133502023 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819ZB UT WOS:000221354000033 PM 15141058 ER PT J AU Kleinman, S Busch, M Caglioti, S Stramer, SL Dodd, R Strong, DM Dickey, W Salvidar, B Gilchrist, M Brend, S Nakhasi, H Epstein, J Goodman, J Chamberland, M Kuehnert, M Petersen, L Crall, N Marfin, A Boo, T Montgomery, S AF Kleinman, S Busch, M Caglioti, S Stramer, SL Dodd, R Strong, DM Dickey, W Salvidar, B Gilchrist, M Brend, S Nakhasi, H Epstein, J Goodman, J Chamberland, M Kuehnert, M Petersen, L Crall, N Marfin, A Boo, T Montgomery, S TI Update: West Nile virus screening of blood donations and transfusion-associated transmission - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 281-284, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Victoria, BC, Canada. Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Blood Syst Labs, Tempe, AZ USA. Amer Red Cross, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Puget Sound Blood Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Belle Bonfils Mem Blood Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kleinman, S (reprint author), Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Victoria, BC, Canada. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 12 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 18 BP 2184 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819GR UT WOS:000221303500008 ER PT J AU Aronson, N Ananthakrishnan, M Bernstein, W Hochberg, L Marovich, M Ockenhouse, C Yoon, I Weina, P Benson, P Fischer, J Hack, D Hawkes, C Polhemus, M Wortmann, G McEvoy, P Neafie, R Defraites, R Herwaldt, BL AF Aronson, N Ananthakrishnan, M Bernstein, W Hochberg, L Marovich, M Ockenhouse, C Yoon, I Weina, P Benson, P Fischer, J Hack, D Hawkes, C Polhemus, M Wortmann, G McEvoy, P Neafie, R Defraites, R Herwaldt, BL TI Update: Cutaneous leishmaniasis in U.S. military personnel - Southwest/Central Asia, 2002-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 264-265, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Off Surg Gen Army, Alexandria, VA USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aronson, N (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Weina, Peter/A-2120-2011 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 12 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 18 BP 2188 EP 2188 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819GR UT WOS:000221303500009 ER PT J AU Flannery, B Schrag, S Bennett, NA Lynfield, R Harrison, LH Reingold, A Cieslak, PR Hadler, J Farley, MM Facklam, RR Zell, ER Whitney, CG AF Flannery, B Schrag, S Bennett, NA Lynfield, R Harrison, LH Reingold, A Cieslak, PR Hadler, J Farley, MM Facklam, RR Zell, ER Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Impact of childhood vaccination on racial disparities in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; DISEASE AB Context Historically, incidence of pneumococcal disease in the United States has been higher among blacks than among whites. Following recommendation of a new 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children in October 2000, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease has declined dramatically, but the impact of vaccination on racial disparities in incidence of pneumococcal disease is unknown. Objective To assess the effect of conjugate vaccine introduction on rates of pneumococcal disease among whites and blacks in the United States. Design, Setting, and Patients Analysis of data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging Infections Program Network, an active, population-based surveillance system in 7 states. Patients were 15923 persons with invasive pneumococcal disease occurring between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2002, Main Outcome Measures Age- and race-specific pneumococcal disease incidence rates (cases per 100000 persons), rate ratios, and rate differences. Results Between 1998 and 2002, annual incidence rates for invasive pneumococcal disease decreased from 19.0 to 12.1 cases per 100000 among whites and from 54.9 to 26.5 among blacks. Due to these declines, 14730 fewer cases occurred among whites and 8780 fewer cases occurred among blacks in the United States in 2002, compared with 2 prevaccine years, 1998 and 1999. Before vaccine introduction, incidence among blacks was 2.9 times higher than among whites (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.73.0); in 2002, the black-white rate ratio had been reduced to 2.2 (95% CI, 2.0-2.4). Incidence among black children younger than 2 years went from being 3.3 times higher (95% CI, 3.0-3.7) than among white children in the prevaccine period to 1.6 times higher (95% CI, 1.1-2.2) in 2002. By 2002, 74% of white children and 68% of black children aged 19 to 35 months in the 7 states had received at least 1 dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; 43% of white and 39% of black children received 3 or more doses. Conclusion Although blacks remain at higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease, introduction of childhood pneumococcal vaccination has reduced the racial disparity in incidence of pneumococcal disease. C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Monroe Cty Dept Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Flannery, B (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bflannery@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 12 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 18 BP 2197 EP 2203 DI 10.1001/jama.291.18.2197 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819GR UT WOS:000221303500021 PM 15138241 ER PT J AU Hebert, LE Scherr, PA Bienias, JL Bennett, DA Evans, DA AF Hebert, LE Scherr, PA Bienias, JL Bennett, DA Evans, DA TI State-specific projections through 2025 of Alzheimer disease prevalence SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Suite 675,1645 W Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Denis_Evans@rsh.net FU NIA NIH HHS [P30-AG 10161, R01-AG 11101] NR 7 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAY 11 PY 2004 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1645 EP 1645 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 819XU UT WOS:000221350400042 PM 15136705 ER PT J AU Song, JX Wassell, JT Kapadia, A AF Song, JX Wassell, JT Kapadia, A TI Relative mortality for correlated lifetime data SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE correlated survival data; cumulative relative mortality; marginal survival model; frailty model; robust variance estimator; Taylor linearization ID FAILURE TIME DATA; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; FRAILTIES; VARIANCE; TABLES; RATIO AB Comparing correlated lifetimes for a group of individuals to a standard reference population may require variance adjustment of marginal model estimates or the use of conditional random effects models with shared frailty. We present the cumulative relative mortality, the marginal model robust variance estimator and the frailty models in estimating relative mortality for individuals who have correlated lifetimes due to group clustering. The positive stable and gamma frailty distributions are considered in the frailty models. The performances of both marginal and frailty models are compared using simulation. Applying these methods, we show siblings for centenarians had longer life spans than their US cohort reference population. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Bayer Pharmaceut Corp, Dept Biometry, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Song, JX (reprint author), Bayer Pharmaceut Corp, Dept Biometry, 400 Morgan Lane, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM james.song.b@bayer.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD MAY 10 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 849 EP 864 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(03)00096-3 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 811ZJ UT WOS:000220809500011 ER PT J AU Grant, DJ Hall, IJ Eastmond, DA Jones, IA Bell, DA AF Grant, DJ Hall, IJ Eastmond, DA Jones, IA Bell, DA TI Bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene promoter polymorphisms and HPRT, glycophorin A, and micronuclei mutant frequencies in human blood SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE UGT1A1; genotypes; repeat polymorphisms; somatic mutation; HPRT; glycophorin A; micronuclei ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; GILBERTS-SYNDROME; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; NEGATIVE MICRONUCLEI; MISSENSE MUTATION; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; CANCER-PATIENTS; ANTIOXIDANT AB A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism (5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-TA units) has been identified within the promoter region of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene. The 7-TA repeat allele has been associated with elevated serum bilirubin levels that cause a mild hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome). Studies suggest that promoter transcriptional activity of UGT1A1 is inversely related to the number of TA repeats, and that unconjugated bilirubin concentration increases directly with the number of TA repeat elements. Because bilirubin is a known antioxidant, we hypothesized that UGT1A1 repeats associated with higher bilirubin may be protective against oxidative damage. We examined the effect of UGT1A1 genotype on somatic mutant frequency in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) gene in human lymphocytes and the glycophorin A (GPA) gene of red blood cells (both NO, NN mutants), and the frequency of lymphocyte micronuclei (both kinetochore (K)-positive or micronuclei K-negative) in 10 1 healthy smoking and nonsmoking individuals. As hypothesized, genotypes containing 7- and 8-TA displayed marginally lower GPA_NN mutant frequency relative to 5/5, 5/6, 6/6 genotypes (P < 0.05). In contrast, our analysis showed that lower expressing UGT1A1 alleles (7- and 8-TA) were associated with modestly increased HPRT mutation frequency (P < 0.05), while the same low-expression genotypes were not significantly associated with micronuclei frequencies (K-positive or K-negative) when compared to high-expression genotypes (5- and 6-TA). We found weak evidence that UGT1A1 genotypes containing 7- and 8-TA were associated with increased GPA_Ncircle divide mutant frequency relative to 515, 5/6, 6/6 genotypes (P < 0.05). These data suggest that UGT1A1 genotype may modulate somatic mutation of some types, in some cell lineages, by a mechanism not involving bilirubin antioxidant activity. More detailed studies examining UGT1A1 promoter variation, oxidant/antioxidant balance and genetic damage will be needed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIEHS, Environm Genom Sect, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Canc Res Program, JLC Biomed Biotechnol Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Environm Toxicol Grad Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bell, DA (reprint author), NIEHS, Environm Genom Sect, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Assessment, POB 12233,C3-03,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM bell1@niehs.nih.gov NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD MAY 9 PY 2004 VL 560 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.01.010 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 818NM UT WOS:000221251800001 PM 15099818 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Jiang, BM Gentsch, J AF Glass, RI Bresee, JS Parashar, UD Jiang, BM Gentsch, J TI The future of rotavirus vaccines: a major setback leads to new opportunities SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORAL POLIO VACCINE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INTUSSUSCEPTION; INFANTS; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; PROGRAM; DISEASE; DEATHS; TRENDS C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rglass@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 8 PY 2004 VL 363 IS 9420 BP 1547 EP 1550 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16155-2 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819GK UT WOS:000221302700025 PM 15135605 ER PT J AU Sriram, K Benkovic, SA Hebert, MA Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Sriram, K Benkovic, SA Hebert, MA Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Induction of gp130-related cytokines and activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in astrocytes precedes up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of neurodegeneration - Key signaling pathway for astrogliosis in vivo? SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; SERINE PHOSPHORYLATION; DOPAMINERGIC NEUROTOXICANT; CHRONIC PARKINSONISM; JAK/STAT PATHWAY; DNA-BINDING; STAT3; BRAIN; EXPRESSION AB Reactive gliosis is a hallmark of disease-, trauma-, and chemical-induced damage to the central nervous system. The signaling pathways associated with this response to neural injury remain to be elucidated, but recent evidence implicates the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Here, we used the known dopaminergic neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), to selectively damage striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals and elicit a glial response. We then analyzed changes in gene expression and protein phosphorylation, in vivo, to identify ligands and mediators of the JAK-STAT pathway that accompany glial activation. Administration of MPTP caused rapid tyrosine (Tyr-705) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 in striatal astrocytes, prior to the induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA and protein. Pharmacological protection of dopaminergic nerve terminals with nomifensine abolished MPTP-mediated phosphorylation and translocation of STAT3 and prevented induction of astrogliosis. Among the Janus kinase family of tyrosine kinases, only JAK2 was associated with the phosphorylation of STAT3 after MPTP and, inhibition of JAK2 by AG490, in vivo, attenuated both the phosphorylation of STAT3 and induction of GFAP. The p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; ERK1/2) also was activated by MPTP, but was not associated with activation of STAT3, because serine (Ser-727) was not phosphorylated. The mRNA for ligands of the gp130-JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, interleukin-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M were elevated prior to activation of STAT3 and induction of astrogliosis; neuroprotection with nomifensine blocked these effects of MPTP. Taken together, our results suggest that the gp130-mediated activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway may play a key role in the induction of astrogliosis. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HELD TMBB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HELD TMBB, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jdo5@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 73 TC 135 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 7 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 19 BP 19936 EP 19947 DI 10.1074/jbc.M309304200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 817FX UT WOS:000221164500068 PM 14996842 ER PT J AU Oliveira-Ferreira, J Vargas-Serrato, E Barnwell, JW Moreno, A Galinski, MR AF Oliveira-Ferreira, J Vargas-Serrato, E Barnwell, JW Moreno, A Galinski, MR TI Immunogenicity of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-9 recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli SO VACCINE LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; TERMINAL REGION; BLOOD-STAGE; MALARIA; FALCIPARUM; RESPONSES AB Merozoite surface protein-9 of Plasmodium vivax (PvMSP-9) is highly conserved and present in several malaria species. Here, we present the immunogenic properties of two recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins comprising the N-terminus (PvMSP-9-Nt) and the second block of tandem repeats (PvMSP-9-RepII) of PvMSP9. These recombinants proteins were used to immunize BALB/c mice. The specificity and subtyping of the antibodies and the cellular immune responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ELISPOT, respectively, using the recombinant proteins as antigens. Our results demonstrate that both the N-terminal and the tandem repeat regions of MSP9 are immunogenic in mice. The ELISA antibody titers elicited by PvMSP-9-Nt were significantly higher (1:819,200) than the antibody titers elicited by PvMSP-9-RII (1:409,600). Analysis of IgG subclasses showed that both recombinant proteins induce similar antibody patterns where IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b were most predominant. Moreover, all sera from mice immunized with either PvMSP-9-Nt or PvMSP-9-RII, which were positive by ELISA showed reactivity with P. vivax, P. cynomolgi, P. knowlesi and P. coatneyi schizonts by immunofluorescence assays (IFA). Similar results were observed in western immunoblot analyses using parasite extracts. Furthermore, immunization of mice with the PvMSP-9-Nt upon stimulation with PvMSP-9-Nt secreted IFN-gamma and IL-5. We have also used the two PvMSP-9 recombinant constructs to show that individuals exposed to P. vivax infections in an endemic area of Brazil had IgG antibodies reactive with the recombinant proteins. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Immunol, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Oliveira-Ferreira, J (reprint author), Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Immunol, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM jferrei@rmy.emory.edu RI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/E-7942-2014 OI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/0000-0002-6063-465X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24710-16] NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 7 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 15-16 BP 2023 EP 2030 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.07.021 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 822WR UT WOS:000221571800028 PM 15121316 ER PT J AU Bonhoeffer, J Kohl, K Chen, R Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Jefferson, T Loupi, E AF Bonhoeffer, J Kohl, K Chen, R Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Jefferson, T Loupi, E CA Brighton Collaboration TI The Brighton collaboration - enhancing vaccine safety SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Vaccine Safety CY MAY, 2002 CL Ist Superiore Sanita, Rome, ITALY HO Ist Superiore Sanita C1 Univ Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis & Vaccines, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Cochrane Vaccines Field & Hlth Reviews Ltd, Rome, Italy. Aventis Pasteur SA, Lyon, France. RP Heininger, U (reprint author), Univ Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Infect Dis & Vaccines, POB 8, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland. EM ulrich.heininger@unibas.ch RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 7 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 15-16 BP 2046 EP 2046 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.016 PG 1 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 822WR UT WOS:000221571800032 PM 15121320 ER PT J AU Chen, RT AF Chen, RT TI Evaluation of vaccine safety after the events of 11 September 2001: role of cohort and case-control studies SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Vaccine Safety CY MAY, 2002 CL Ist Superiore Sanita, Rome, ITALY HO Ist Superiore Sanita DE vaccines; safety; adverse events; bioterrorism ID INSTITUTE-OF-MEDICINE; ADVERSE EVENTS; ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION; DATALINK PROJECT; RUBELLA VACCINES; PERTUSSIS; MEASLES; INTUSSUSCEPTION; IMMUNIZATION; SMALLPOX AB As immunization programs world-wide "mature" with high vaccine coverage and near elimination of vaccine-preventable disease, vaccine safety issues have increased in relative prominence. In the wake of events of 11 September 2001, fear of bioterrorism has reemerged. The paradigm of eradicating vaccine-preventable diseases, stopping vaccinations and thereby also eradicating the associated vaccine adverse events (a la smallpox) may unfortunately be obsolete. If all vaccinations have to be continued indefinitely, research is needed more than ever to understand and prevent rare vaccine adverse events. Case-control studies are usually best suited for such purposes, especially when nested within a pre-existing large-linked administrative database cohort to minimize bias. The new clinical immunization safety assessment centers may play an important role in bridging the sometimes conflicting clinical and epidemiologic perspectives in vaccine safety. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Safety Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Safety Branch, CDC, Prevent Corp Sq Off Pk,Bldg 12 Rm 2419 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bchen@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 7 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 15-16 BP 2047 EP 2053 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.023 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 822WR UT WOS:000221571800033 PM 15121321 ER PT J AU Singleton, M Qin, H Williams, P Coffin, PO Hedegaard, H Meng, CK Mathew, T Gladders, B Dearwater, S Hackman, H Mao, C McKeown, L Landen, MG Sanford, C Jones-Vessey, K Schmid, D Woodard, B Alexander, J Rolfs, RT Sabel, J LeMier, M Lima, A Daniel, V Olson, J Coronado, VG Davies, M Johnson, RL AF Singleton, M Qin, H Williams, P Coffin, PO Hedegaard, H Meng, CK Mathew, T Gladders, B Dearwater, S Hackman, H Mao, C McKeown, L Landen, MG Sanford, C Jones-Vessey, K Schmid, D Woodard, B Alexander, J Rolfs, RT Sabel, J LeMier, M Lima, A Daniel, V Olson, J Coronado, VG Davies, M Johnson, RL CA CDC TI Unintentional and undetermined poisoning deaths - 11 states, 1990-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 233-238, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Kentucky Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Delaware Dept Hlth & Social Serv, New Castle, DE USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. CDC, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Singleton, M (reprint author), Kentucky Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. OI Coffin, Phillip/0000-0002-3891-6570 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 5 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 17 BP 2064 EP 2065 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 817JR UT WOS:000221174300005 ER PT J AU Faville, R Koop, S Ogunmodede, F Lynfield, R Danila, R Juni, B Boxrud, D Glennen, A Shade, E Penterman, K Kiang, K AF Faville, R Koop, S Ogunmodede, F Lynfield, R Danila, R Juni, B Boxrud, D Glennen, A Shade, E Penterman, K Kiang, K CA CDC TI Osteomyelitis/septic arthritis caused by Kingella kingale among day care attendees - Minnesota, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 241-243, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RESPIRATORY CARRIAGE; CLINICAL-FEATURES; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Gillette Childrens Hosp, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Faville, R (reprint author), Gillette Childrens Hosp, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 5 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 17 BP 2065 EP 2069 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 817JR UT WOS:000221174300006 ER PT J AU Paynter, N Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Mensah, GA AF Paynter, N Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Mensah, GA CA CDC TI Declining prevalence of no known major risk factors for heart disease and stroke among adults - United States, 1991-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 4-7, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paynter, N (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 5 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 17 BP 2069 EP 2070 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 817JR UT WOS:000221174300007 ER PT J AU Shults, RA Elder, RW Sleet, DA Thompson, RS Nichols, JL AF Shults, RA Elder, RW Sleet, DA Thompson, RS Nichols, JL TI Primary enforcement seat belt laws are effective even in the face of rising belt use rates SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE seat belts; seat belt use laws; primary and secondary enforcement; evidence-based medicine; review literature; motor vehicles ID INTERVENTIONS; REVIEWS AB A recent systematic literature review found that primary enforcement laws are more effective at increasing seat belt use than secondary laws in the United States. This report reexamines the studies included in the systematic review to explore whether the benefits of a primary law differ based on: (1) the baseline seat belt use rate; or (2) whether or not the primary law replaces a secondary law. States that directly enacted primary laws showed larger increases in observed seat belt use (median increase of 33 percentage points). These laws were enacted in the mid- 1980s, when baseline belt use rates were below 35%. Smaller, but substantial increases in belt use were observed in states that replaced secondary with primary laws (median increase of 14 percentage points). Baseline belt use rates in these states ranged from 47 to 73%. Primary safety belt laws can further increase seat belt use even in states with relatively high baseline levels of belt use. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Off Res & Traffic Records, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Shults, RA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rshults@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 491 EP 493 DI 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00038-1 PG 3 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 810CG UT WOS:000220681800021 PM 15003594 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Vuitton, DA Qiu, JM Giraudoux, P Xiao, YF Schantz, PM Raoul, F Li, TY Yang, W Craig, PS AF Wang, Q Vuitton, DA Qiu, JM Giraudoux, P Xiao, YF Schantz, PM Raoul, F Li, TY Yang, W Craig, PS TI Fenced pasture: a possible risk factor for human alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan pastoralist communities of Sichuan, China SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE alveolar echinococcosis; echinococcus multilocularis; fencing; overgrazing; Tibetan herdsmen community; risk assessment ID MULTILOCULARIS AB Alveolar echinococcosis, infection caused by the parasitic helminth Echinococcus multilocularis, is a zoonosis strongly linked to climatic and ecological factors. Cross-sectional survey data were used to test a hypothesis that partial fencing of pastures Could promote alveolar echinococcosis transmission in semi-nomadic pastoral communities of the Tibetan plateau, PR China. Using multiple stepwise logistic regression with consideration of factors of age and gender, it was shown that partial fencing around the settlements in winter pasture was significantly and independently associated with the risk of human alveolar echinococcosis in the surveyed villages (P = 0.021). The underlying reason may lie in overgrazing, an assumed cause Of Population outbreaks of small mammal intermediate hosts of the parasite on the Tibetan plateau. Overgrazing may have been exacerbated by the reduction of communal pastures nearby the settlements due to introduction of partial fencing around group tenure pastures acquired by Tibetan pastoralist families. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Franche Comte, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Treatment Alveola, F-25030 Besancon, France. Univ Franche Comte, SERF, F-25030 Besancon, France. Univ Franche Comte, INRA, LBE Usc Res Units, F-25030 Besancon, France. Sichuan Provincial Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Parasit Dis Control & Prevent, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Salford, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Biosci Res Inst, Salford MS4 WT, Lancs, England. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Salford MS4 WT, Lancs, England. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Univ Franche Comte, WHO Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Treatment Alveola, F-25030 Besancon, France. EM wangqian67@yahoo.com.cn RI Giraudoux, Patrick/B-9274-2011 OI Giraudoux, Patrick/0000-0003-2376-0136 NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 90 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.02.004 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 818YT UT WOS:000221281100008 PM 15099816 ER PT J AU Janega, JB Murray, DM Varnell, SP Blitstein, JL Birnbaum, AS Lytle, LA AF Janega, JB Murray, DM Varnell, SP Blitstein, JL Birnbaum, AS Lytle, LA TI Assessing the most powerful analysis method for school-based intervention studies with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug outcomes SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE intraclass correlation; group-randomized trial; power; school based; ATOD prevention ID INTRACLASS CORRELATION; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; VARIANCE; TRIALS AB This article compares four mixed-model analyses valid for group-randomized trials (GRTs) involving a nested cohort design with a single pretest and a single posttest, the most common design used in GRTs. This study makes estimates of intraclass correlations (ICCs) available to investigators planning GRTs with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug measures as the outcomes of interest. It also provides formulae demonstrating the potential benefits to the standard error of the intervention effect of both adjustments for fixed and time-varying covariates, as well as correlations over time. These estimates will allow other researchers using these variables to plan their studies by performing a priori power analyses for any of four common analytic options. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Murray, DM (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, 202 Psychol Bldg,3693 Norriswood, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM j.janega@mail.psyc.memphis.edu; d.murray@mail.psyc.memphis.edu; sfv3@cdc.gov; jblitstn@memphis.edu; birnbaum@epivax.epi.umn.edu; lytle@epivax.epi.unm.edu OI Blitstein, Jonathan L./0000-0001-5202-4934 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA71943-011A1] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 595 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.01.002 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 812BU UT WOS:000220815800012 PM 15050677 ER PT J AU Quayle, AJ Shah, M Cu-Uvin, S Politch, JA Chou, C Anderson, DJ Tuomala, R Crowley-Nowick, PA Duerr, A AF Quayle, AJ Shah, M Cu-Uvin, S Politch, JA Chou, C Anderson, DJ Tuomala, R Crowley-Nowick, PA Duerr, A TI Implications of blood contamination for assessment of local cellular immunity in the endocervix SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED WOMEN; MUCOSAL; RESPONSES; CELLS; CERVIX; HIV AB Cervical cytobrushes provide a tool to sample endocervical T cells for assessment of local immunity. However, most previous studies in HIV-seropositive women have excluded samples containing blood and hence have analyzed selected populations of patients. As determined by multiple-parameter flow cytometric analysis of T lymphocytes from two sequential cytobrushes and concurrently collected blood samples, this study found a minimal effect of blood contamination on cervical T cell phenotypic parameters in normal women. The consequences of blood in endocervical samples will ultimately depend on the design and objective of each study, but these data suggest studies could be more inclusive and should not automatically discard samples that contain red blood cells. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quayle, AJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, 1901 Perdido St,Box P6-1, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM aquay1@lsuhsc.edu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 543 EP 546 DI 10.1089/088922204323087796 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 825MV UT WOS:000221763500011 PM 15186529 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Li, M Shi, YP Winter, J Van Eijk, AM Ayisi, J Hu, DJ Steketee, R Nahlen, BL Lal, RB AF Yang, CF Li, M Shi, YP Winter, J Van Eijk, AM Ayisi, J Hu, DJ Steketee, R Nahlen, BL Lal, RB TI Genetic diversity and high proportion of intersubtype recombinants among HIV type 1-infected pregnant women in Kisumu, western Kenya SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SUBTYPE-A; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; RESPONSES; ENVELOPE; EPITOPES; VACCINE; CLADES; VARIABILITY AB The high genetic diversity of HIV-1 continues to complicate effective vaccine development. To better understand the extent of genetic diversity, intersubtype recombinants and their relative contribution to the HIV epidemic in Kenya, we undertook a detailed molecular epidemiological investigation on HIV-1-infected women attending an antenatal clinic in Kisumu, Kenya. Analysis of gag-p24 region from 460 specimens indicated that 310 (67.4 %) were A, 94 (20.4 %) were D, 28 (6.1 %) were C, 9 (2.0 %) were A2, 8 (1.7 %) were G, and 11 (2.4 %) were unclassifiable. Analysis of the env-gp41 region revealed that 326 (70.9 %) were A, 85 (18.5 %) D, 26 (5.7 %) C, 9 (2.0 %) each of A2 and G, 4(0.9 %) unclassifiable, and 1 (0.2 %) CRF02_AG. Parallel analyses of the gag-p24 and env-gp41 regions indicated that 344 (74.8%) were concordant subtypes, while the remaining 116 (25.2%) were discordant subtypes. The most common discordant subtypes were D/A (40, 8.7%), A/D (27, 5.9 %), C/A (11, 2.4 %), and A/C (8, 1.7 %). Further analysis of a 2.1-kb fragment spanning the gag-pol region from 38 selected specimens revealed that 19 were intersubtype recombinants and majority of them were unique recombinant forms. Distribution of concordant and discordant subtypes remained fairly stable over the 4-year period (1996-2000) studied. Comparison of amino acid sequences of gag-p24 and env-gp41 regions with the subtype A consensus sequence or Kenyan candidate vaccine antigen (HIVA) revealed minor variations in the immunodominant epitopes. These data provide further evidence of high genetic diversity, with subtype A as the predominant subtype and a high proportion of intersubtype recombinants in Kenya. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Roll Back Malaria Program, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Yang, CF (reprint author), CDC, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DASTLR, NCHSTP, Mail Stop D-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyang1@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 44 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1089/088922204323087822 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 825MV UT WOS:000221763500014 PM 15186532 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ O'Connor, KS AF Blumberg, SJ O'Connor, KS TI Parents' mood and the content of pediatric care for young children SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Academy-of-Health-Services-Research-and-Health-Policy CY JUN 23-25, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Acad Hlth Serv Res & Hlth Policy DE anticipatory guidance; depression; mood; parent-provider interaction; pediatric providers ID MATERNAL DEPRESSION; GENERAL HEALTH; MENTAL-HEALTH; WELL; PHYSICIAN; MOTHERS; INFORMATION; PREVENTION; SYMPTOMS; SERVICES AB Objective.-To assess the relationship between parents' mood and the provision of anticipatory guidance by pediatric health care providers. Data Source.-Data analyzed were from the National Survey of Early Childhood Health, a cross-sectional nationally representative survey concerning young children 4-35 months of age (n = 2068). Key Variables.-Parents were asked whether the children's health care providers had discussed 10-12 age-appropriate health promotion topics and 5 psychosocial issues during the past 12 months. Parents also identified missed opportunities for guidance (ie, topics not discussed for which discussion would have been helpful) and reported whether providers should discuss psychosocial issues. Parents' mood was assessed using factor scores derived from the Mental Health Inventory. Analyses.-Log-linear regression analyses determined if parents' mood was a significant predictor of the number of topics and issues discussed, the number of missed opportunities, and the reported number of issues that providers should discuss. Results.-Parents who were more often in a positive mood discussed more health promotion topics (B = .06, P < .001) and psychosocial issues (B = .10, P < .01) with their child's health care providers. Parents who were more often in a negative mood identified more missed opportunities (B = .08, P = .02) and more issues that providers should discuss (B = .04, P < .001). Conclusions.-Increased attention to parents' mood and emotional well-being may help pediatricians identify parents who desire additional anticipatory guidance and ensure that opportunities for the provision of guidance are not inadvertently missed. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2112, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 3 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1367/A03-127-R.1 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 824WP UT WOS:000221718200004 PM 15153056 ER PT J AU Cole, S Arias, E AF Cole, S Arias, E TI Can demand-side variables explain the low numbers of minority faculty in higher education? SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Society-of-Government-Economists/116th Annual Meeting of the American-Economic-Association CY JAN 03-05, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Govt Economists, Amer Econ Assoc C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Sociol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Cole, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Sociol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 94 IS 2 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1257/0002828041302190 PG 5 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 834PN UT WOS:000222423100052 ER PT J AU Gross, LS Li, L Ford, ES Liu, S AF Gross, LS Li, L Ford, ES Liu, S TI Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE type 2 diabetes; obesity; dietary fiber; refined carbohydrate; dietary carbohydrate; glycemic index ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; DIETARY GLYCEMIC LOAD; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; METABOLIC SYNDROME; OLDER WOMEN AB Background: Type 2 diabetes is an epidemic that is affecting an ever-increasing proportion of the US population. Although consumption of refined carbohydrates has increased and is thought to be related to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes, the ecologic effect of changes in the quality of carbohydrates in the food supply on the risk of type 2 diabetes remains to be quantified. Objective: The objective was to examine the correlation between consumption of refined carbohydrates and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the United States. Methods: In this ecologic correlation study, the per capita nutrient consumption in the United States between 1909 and 1997 obtained from the US Department of Agriculture was compared with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: In a univariate analysis, a significant correlation with diabetes prevalence was observed for dietary fat (r = 0.84, P < 0.001), carbohydrate (r = 0.55, P < 0.001), protein (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), fiber(r = 0.16,P = 0.03), corn syrup (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), and total energy (r = 0.75, P < 0.001) intakes. In a multivariate nutrient-density model, in which total energy intake was accounted for, corn syrup was positively associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (β = 0.0132, P = 0.038). Fiber (β = - 13.86, P < 0.01) was negatively associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. In contrast, protein (P = 0.084) and fat (P = 0.79) were not associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes when total energy was controlled for. Conclusions: Increasing intakes of refined carbohydrate (corn syrup) concomitant with decreasing intakes of fiber paralleled the upward trend in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes observed in the United States during the 20th century. C1 Intermed Med Grp, N Port, FL 34288 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Family Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Gross, LS (reprint author), Intermed Med Grp, 2630 Bobcat Village Ctr Rd, N Port, FL 34288 USA. EM leegross@msn.com RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 71 TC 297 Z9 312 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 79 IS 5 BP 774 EP 779 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 815LU UT WOS:000221044600009 PM 15113714 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Brown, DR AF Wang, GJ Brown, DR TI Impact of physical activity on medical expenditures among adults downhearted and blue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE medical costs; inactivity; depressive symptoms ID HEALTH-CARE COSTS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; STRESS; HYPERTENSION; POPULATION; INACTIVITY; COMMUNITY; SMOKING AB Objective: To examine inactivity-associated medical expenditures in adults, controlling for frequency of feeling downhearted/blue. Methods: Using the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey (N=12,250), expenditures were analyzed by comparison and multivariate models. Expenditures were updated to 2003 dollars. Results: Medical expenditure was $354 (t=3.80, P<0.01) lower for active than inactive persons: 6.1% of the expenditure ($133 in 1987, $429 in 2003) was inactivity associated. The total inactivity- associated expenditure was near $12 billion in 1987 ($38 billion in 2003). Conclusions: Medical expenditure increased with frequency of feeling downhearted/blue and was higher for inactive than active people. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford hwy,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gbw9@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 208 EP 217 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 891AV UT WOS:000226554600002 PM 15154392 ER PT J AU Molnar, BE Gortmaker, SL Bull, FC Buka, SL AF Molnar, BE Gortmaker, SL Bull, FC Buka, SL TI Unsafe to play? Neighborhood disorder and lack of safety predict reduced physical activity among urban children and adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE exercise; child; adolescent; residence characteristics ID SYSTEMATIC SOCIAL OBSERVATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; HEALTH; OBESITY; YOUTH; ACCELEROMETRY; INACTIVITY; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; MULTILEVEL AB Purpose. Lack of physical activity is associated with increased risk of overweight and cardiovascular disease, conditions associated with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Associations between activity levels of urban youth and limited access to sale recreation areas in their neighborhoods of residence were investigated. Design. Analyses of data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, a multilevel longitudinal study of families and communities, are reported. Setting. Chicago, Illinois. Subjects. Individual-level data were obtained from 1378 youth 11 to 16 years old and caregivers living in 80 neighborhood clusters. Neighborhood-level data were collected from 8782 community residents and videotapes of 15,141 block faces. Measures. Parental estimates of hours youth spent in recreational programming were used to estimate physical activity. A scale of residents assessment of neighborhood safety for children's play was created; disorder measures came from videotaped observations. Results. Physical activity averaged 2.7 hours/week (SD = 5.0), varying significantly across neighborhoods. Using hierarchical linear regression, SES, age, and male gender, but not body mass index, were independently associated with physical activity. Lower neighborhood safety and social disorder were significantly associated with less activity, controlling for demographics. Conclusions. One mechanism for reduced physical activity among youth may be the influence of unsafe neighborhoods. Neighborhood interventions to increase safety and reduce disorder may be efficacious in increasing physical activity, thereby reducing risk of overweight and cardiovascular disease. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Human Movement & Exercise Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia. RP Molnar, BE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, 677 Huntington Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Bull, Fiona/G-4148-2012; Buka, Stephen/H-7335-2014; Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Buka, Stephen/0000-0002-8578-9308; Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU115807] NR 45 TC 215 Z9 216 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 378 EP 386 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 819UL UT WOS:000221341300008 PM 15163139 ER PT J AU Fontanesi, J Shefer, AM Fishbein, DB Bennett, NM De Guire, M Kopald, D Holcomb, K Stryker, DW Coleman, MS AF Fontanesi, J Shefer, AM Fishbein, DB Bennett, NM De Guire, M Kopald, D Holcomb, K Stryker, DW Coleman, MS TI Operational conditions affecting the vaccination of older adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; PATIENT; CARE; REIMBURSEMENT; IMMUNIZATION; PHYSICIANS; POPULATION; ATTITUDES AB Background: The content and context of the process of vaccinating older adults against influenza in outpatient settings has not been adequately described. Failure to appreciate the causal antecedents or precursors to the act of provider recommendation may explain why so many efficacious interventions identified by the U.S. Task Force on Community Preventive Services fail to be routinely implemented and why influenza immunization rates have remained static over the past decade. Methods: This study used critical path analysis from data collected during standardized workflow observations of patients more than 50 years of age from a convenience sample of 16 ambulatory care settings in San Diego, California; Rochester, New York; and Albuquerque, New Mexico. Observations were made from October 23, 2001 to January 31, 2002. Results: In this study, 62% (151/243) of patients observed during scheduled extended visits received influenza vaccinations. When operational, temporal, and clinical factors are examined altogether through critical path analysis, a model of seven critical organizational support, temporal, and clinical activities emerges that is able to predict 93% of the immunizations. Variation from the model predicts 73% of the missed opportunities. Conclusions: Vaccination of adults should not be seen as simply an incremental activity added to the general health encounter. Assuring a high rate of vaccination requires adequate time and operational support. Provider-patient discussion is more productively viewed as the culmination of the immunization process, not the beginning. Finally, this study indicates the potential need to identify and compare processes of care associated with other specific preventive services. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Community Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92092 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. Presbyterian Hosp Syst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Fontanesi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Div Community Pediat, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0927, La Jolla, CA 92092 USA. EM jfontanesi@ucsd.edu FU PHS HHS [MM-0161-02/02] NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 814UV UT WOS:000221000500002 PM 15110051 ER PT J AU Serdula, MK Brewer, RD Gillespie, C Denny, CH Mokdad, A AF Serdula, MK Brewer, RD Gillespie, C Denny, CH Mokdad, A TI Trends in alcohol use and binge drinking, 1985-1999 - Results of a multi-state survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENFORCEMENT; CONSUMPTION AB Background: Alcohol abuse is a major public health problem in the United States. Binge drinking and drinking among youth are of special concern. The purpose of this study is to examine trends in alcohol use and binge drinking and correlates of the behaviors with a focus on drinking among persons 18 to 20 years of age. Methods: Data are from telephone interviews of 449,110 adults aged greater than or equal to18 years residing in the 19 states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 1985 to 1999. The percentages reporting current alcohol use and binge use (greater than or equal to5 drinks per occasion) were calculated by year, age, gender, race, and level of education. Data were analyzed in 2003. Results: From 1985 to 1999, the prevalence of current alcohol use dropped 7.3%, and binge drinking dropped 3.3%. Among all age groups, most of the decline occurred before 1990. The greatest decline in both current (12.6%) and binge use (7.3%) occurred in the 18- to 20-year-old group. Between 1997 and 1999, however, respondents in this age group reported increases in these behaviors. Throughout the survey period, the proportion of current users who binge changed very little and remained highest among persons aged 18-20 years (52.1%). Conclusions: Alcohol use leveled off in the 1990s, but may be increasing, especially among persons 18-20 years of age. Those who drink are about as likely to report binge drinking as were drinkers 15 years ago. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Serdula, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Div Nutr, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mserdula@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 294 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.017 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 814UV UT WOS:000221000500006 PM 15110055 ER PT J AU Moolenaar, RL Thacker, SB AF Moolenaar, RL Thacker, SB TI Evaluation of field training in the epidemic intelligence service - Publications and job choices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED RASPBERRIES; HURRICANE-ANDREW; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; FLORIDA; DISEASE; IMPACT; CREAM; DEATH AB Background: Since 1951, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) has provided training in applied epidemiology to physicians, nurses, veterinarians, dentists, and doctoral-level health scientists. About one third of these EIS officers have been trained in the setting of state and local health departments (the field). Methods: To evaluate two specific outcomes of field EIS training, the authors reviewed the published work and career choices of field EIS officers after completing the program. The EIS classes of 1991-1996 were selected for study. A field officer was defined as an EIS Officer who completed at least the second year of a 2-year EIS assignment in a state or local health department position. Results: During this period, 430 EIS officers completed the program; 117 (27.2%) were field officers. Of these, 84 (71.8%) published one or more scientific paper as first author for a total of 202 first authored manuscripts in over 50 different journals, an average of 1.7 (range, 0-8) per officer. Most (71%) were on infectious disease topics; 16% were on environmental health or injury control topics, and 11% were on chronic diseases. Field officers were more likely than headquarters-based officers to choose positions in state or local health departments for their first job after graduating (32/117 [27.4%] versus 22/313 [7.0%]; relative risk = 3.9, 95% confidence interval = 2.4-6.4). Conclusions: EIS training in the field has contributed to the scientific literature and to the strengthening of public health infrastructure at the state and local level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Moolenaar, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop D-18,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RLM8@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.014 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 814UV UT WOS:000221000500007 PM 15110056 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Wortley, PM Ndiaye, SM Woods, MG Clark, SJ AF Davis, MM Wortley, PM Ndiaye, SM Woods, MG Clark, SJ TI National availability of influenza vaccine among medical subspecialty practices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK; DISEASE; ADULTS AB Background: Influenza vaccination rates fall short of national goals, particularly among individuals whose chronic conditions predispose them to complications of influenza. Availability of influenza vaccine in medical subspecialists' practices may affect vaccination rates among adults with chronic illness. Methods: The practice sites of a national random sample of medical cardiology, endocrinology, and pulmonology physicians were contacted by telephone in February 2003 to March 2003 to determine which of them had influenza vaccine available to their patients during the 2002-2003 influenza season. The number of physicians in the practice and geographic location were also obtained. Results: Office staff at the practices of 1683 of 2013 eligible physicians were successfully contacted, and 1473 provided information about vaccine availability. Overall, 1094 (74%) of practices had influenza vaccine available during the 2002-2003 season. Availability differed significantly by subspecialty: 54% cardiology, 78% endocrinology, and 90% pulmonology (p<0.001). Influenza vaccine was more often available at subspecialists' practices in the Northeast (80%) than in the South (74%), Midwest (71%), and West (70%; p<0.005). In multivariate analyses, pulmonology practices in all census regions and sizes were significantly more likely to have influenza vaccine available than was the reference cardiology practice. Several endocrinology practice types also had significantly higher influenza vaccine availability than those in cardiology practice, particularly in multi-physician practices. Conclusions: Influenza vaccine availability varies widely across practices in the three medical subspecialties that provide care to the largest numbers of individuals with an indication for the vaccine in the United States. These findings have implications for the accessibility of influenza vaccine to individuals at high risk for morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. C1 Univ Michigan, MAPP, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res CHEAR, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, MAPP, Div Gen Internal Med, 300 NIB,6C23, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mattdav@umich.edu NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.016 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 814UV UT WOS:000221000500008 PM 15110057 ER PT J AU Crews, JE Campbell, VA AF Crews, JE Campbell, VA TI Vision impairment and hearing loss among community-dwelling older Americans: Implications for health and functioning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; ELDERLY PEOPLE; SENSORY IMPAIRMENT; DISABILITY; ASSOCIATION; ADULTS; INDIVIDUALS; DEPRESSION; MORTALITY AB Objectives. We investigated the health, activity, and social participation of people aged 70 years or older with vision impairment, hearing loss, or both. Methods. We examined the 1994 Second Supplement on Aging to determine the health and activities of these 3 groups compared with those without sensory loss. We calculated odds ratios and classified variables according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Results. Older people with only hearing loss reported disparities in health, activities, and social roles; those with only vision impairment reported greater disparities; and those with both reported the greatest disparities. Conclusions. A hierarchical pattern emerged as impairments predicted consistent disparities in activities and social participation. This population's patterns of health and activities have public health implications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crews, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,F-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrews@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 173 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 823 EP 829 DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.5.823 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 816LM UT WOS:000221111400028 PM 15117707 ER PT J AU Singer, LM Newman, RD Diarra, A Moran, AC Huber, CS Stennies, G Sirima, SB Konate, A Yameogo, M Sawadogo, R Barnwell, JW Parise, ME AF Singer, LM Newman, RD Diarra, A Moran, AC Huber, CS Stennies, G Sirima, SB Konate, A Yameogo, M Sawadogo, R Barnwell, JW Parise, ME TI Evaluation of a malaria rapid diagnostic test for assessing the burden of malaria during pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PLACENTAL MALARIA; PARASITES; INFECTION; TRAVELERS; FAILURE; PCR AB Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy may cause placental malaria and subsequently low birth weight, primarily through the placental sequestration of infected red blood cells. Measuring the burden of malaria during pregnancy usually involves determining the prevalence of placental malaria infection through microscopic examination of placental blood films, a difficult and error-prone process. A number of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria have been developed, most of them immunochromatographic dipstick assays. However, none have been tested for the direct determination of malaria antigen in placental blood. We undertook an evaluation of the Malaria Rapid Test (MAKROmed(R)) in determining placental malaria infection. The prevalence of placental parasitemia was 22.6% by microscopy, 51.0% by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 43.1% by RDT. When the PCR was used as the gold standard, RDTs had a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 76%. The MAKROmed RDT was highly sensitive in the detection of placental malaria, but had lower than expected specificity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Sante, Ctr Natl Rech & Format Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. JHPIEGO Corp, Maternal & Neonatal Hlth Program, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. Sante Maternelle & Neonatale, Koupela, Burkina Faso. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ren5@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 BP 481 EP 485 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 822OO UT WOS:000221549700004 PM 15155979 ER PT J AU Olsson, AO Baker, SE Nguyen, JV Romanoff, LC Udunka, SO Walker, RD Flemmen, KL Barr, DB AF Olsson, AO Baker, SE Nguyen, JV Romanoff, LC Udunka, SO Walker, RD Flemmen, KL Barr, DB TI A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multiresidue method for quantification of specific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids, selected herbicides, and DEET in human urine SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN DOSE-EXCRETION; ATRAZINE METABOLITES; LC-MS/MS; MS-MS; EXPOSURE; IDENTIFICATION; INSECTICIDES; QUANTITATION; ACID; CYPERMETHRIN AB The ability to estimate low-dose human exposure to commonly used pesticides often is requested in epidemiologic studies. Therefore, fast and robust methods are necessary that can measure many analytes in the same sample. We have developed a method for high-throughput analysis of 19 markers of commonly used pesticides in human urine. The analytes were seven specific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides, five metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids, six herbicides or their metabolites, and one insect repellant. Human urine (2 mL) was spiked with stable isotopically labeled analogues of the analytes, enzymatically hydrolyzed, extracted using solid-phase extraction, concentrated, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was divided into two portions and analyzed on two different mass spectrometers, one using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and the other using turbo ion spray atmospheric pressure ionization (US). All analytes except the pyrethroid metabolites were analyzed using APCI. The detection limits for all analytes ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 ng/mL of urine, with the majority (17) below 0.5 ng/mL. The analytical precision for the different analytes, estimated as both the within-day and between-day variation, was 3-14 and 4-19%, respectively. The extraction recoveries of the analytes ranged from 68 to 114%. The throughput, including calibration standards and quality control samples, is similar to50 samples a day. However, the analysis time with the TIS application is much shorter, and if only pyrethroid metabolite data are of interest, the throughput can be increased to 100-150 samples/day. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Olsson, AO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM aolsson@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 30 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 9 BP 2453 EP 2461 DI 10.1021/ac0355404 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 817VV UT WOS:000221205900013 PM 15117183 ER PT J AU Trout, DB Seltzer, JM Page, EH Biagini, RE Schmechel, D Lewis, DM Boudreau, AY AF Trout, DB Seltzer, JM Page, EH Biagini, RE Schmechel, D Lewis, DM Boudreau, AY TI Clinical use of immunoassays in assessing exposure to fungi and potential health effects related to fungal exposure SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ALLERGENIC CROSS-REACTIVITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; HYPERSENSITIVITY-PNEUMONITIS; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; IGE ANTIBODIES; OFFICE ENVIRONMENT; TOXIGENIC FUNGI; INDOOR MOLD; DISEASE; FOOD AB Objective: To review and summarize current evidence regarding the proper role of immunoassays in clinical assessments of exposure to fungi and health effects related to fungal exposure. Data Sources: We reviewed relevant scientific investigations and previously published reviews concerning this topic. Study Selection: The authors' clinical, laboratory, and public health experiences were used to evaluate relevant data for scientific merit. Results: Testing to determine the presence of IgE to specific fungi may be a useful component of a complete clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of illnesses that can be caused by immediate hypersensitivity such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Detection of IgG to specific fungi has been used as a marker of exposure to agents that may cause illnesses such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. However, the ubiquitous nature of many fungi and the lack of specificity of fungal antigens limit the usefulness of these types of tests in the evaluation of potential building-related illness and fungal exposure. Specific serologic tests (Such as tests for cryptococcal antigen, coccidioidal antibody, and Histoplasina antigen) have been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of some fungal infections, but these are the exception not the rule. Conclusions: There is currently not enough scientific evidence to support the routine clinical use Of immunoassays as a primary means of assessing environmental fungal exposure or health effects related to fungal exposure. Health care providers who care for persons expressing concerns about the relationship of symptoms to potential exposure to fungi are advised to use immunoassay results with care and only as an adjunct to a comprehensive approach to patient care. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, CDCP, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, CDCP, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects & Lab Div, CDCP, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Trout, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, CDCP, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM dtrout@cdc.gov NR 76 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 92 IS 5 BP 483 EP 492 PG 10 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 822PL UT WOS:000221552000002 PM 15191015 ER PT J AU Abell, JE Hootman, JM Helmick, CG AF Abell, JE Hootman, JM Helmick, CG TI Prevalence and impact of arthritis among nursing home residents SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; EXERCISE; THERAPY; HEALTH; KNEE; HIP AB Objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of arthritis in the US nursing home population. Methods: A national cross sectional sample of US nursing homes ( 8138 sampled residents in 1406 nursing homes) from the 1997 National Nursing Home Survey provided demographic and functional characteristics for residents with primary arthritis, any arthritis, or no arthritis diagnosis at admission. Results: Of the estimated 1.6 million current nursing home residents in 1997, only 43 000 (3%) had a primary and 300 000 (19%) had any arthritis diagnosis at admission. People with a primary or any arthritis diagnosis received physical/occupational therapy, used wheelchairs and walking aids, and needed assistance with walking and transferring more often than those with no arthritis diagnosis. Conclusions: These national estimates suggest that arthritis is underreported in nursing home residents. Because arthritis contributes to an increased physical burden on staff and decreased functional capability of residents, both staff and residents can benefit from better diagnosis, intervention, and education. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 63 IS 5 BP 591 EP 594 DI 10.1136/ard.2003.015479 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 812AY UT WOS:000220813600022 PM 15082494 ER PT J AU Kaye, KS Gold, HS Schwaber, MJ Venkataraman, L Qi, YL De Girolami, PC Samore, MH Anderson, G Rasheed, JK Tenover, FC AF Kaye, KS Gold, HS Schwaber, MJ Venkataraman, L Qi, YL De Girolami, PC Samore, MH Anderson, G Rasheed, JK Tenover, FC TI Variety of beta-lactamases produced by amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant Escherichia coli isolated in the northeastern United States SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT INFECTIONS; CLINICAL LABORATORY STANDARDS; AMPICILLIN-SULBACTAM; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; NATIONAL COMMITTEE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INHIBITORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBIOTICS; FREQUENCY AB This study analyzed the enzymatic basis and molecular epidemiology of amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant Escherichia coli isolated by the microbiology laboratory of a United States tertiary care hospital. From October 1998 to December 1999, all E. coli isolates were screened for ampicillin-sulbactam resistance. Of 283 isolates that tested resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam, 69 unique patient isolates were also resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate by disk diffusion testing (zone diameter less than or equal to 13 mm). These amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant E. coli isolates underwent agar dilution testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PCR analysis, and isoelectric focusing. The mean age of study patients was 52 years; 78% were female. Among the isolates, 12 were nosocomial (rate of amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance = 4.7%) and 57 were community acquired (rate of amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance = 2.8%). No predominant strain was identified. By agar dilution testing, 67 isolates were nonsusceptible (39 resistant and 28 intermediate) to amoxicillin-clavulanate and 37 were piperacillin-tazobactam resistant but only 8 were ceftazidime resistant (ceftazidime MIC greater than or equal to 32 mug/ml). Two isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid by agar dilution, although they were resistant by disk diffusion testing. The distribution of beta-lactamases was as follows: the TEM type alone was found in 52 isolates, the AmpC type was found in 4 isolates (2 identified as containing CMY-2), the TEM type and CMY-2 were found in 2 isolates, and the OXA type was found in I isolate. Also, there was one isolate with the TEM type and the SHV type and one with the TEM type and a second, unidentified enzyme. Among the isolates with TEM-type enzymes, two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolates were identified but two isolates with inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) enzymes (one with TEM-34 [IRT-6] and the other with a novel enzyme [tentatively assigned the designation TEM-122]) were more interesting. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaye, KS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Box 3152, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM Kaye0001@mc.duke.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [T01/CCT111438] NR 32 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1520 EP 1525 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.5.1520-1525.2004 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 818EH UT WOS:000221227900010 PM 15105100 ER PT J AU Witvrouw, M Pannecouque, C Switzer, WM Folks, TM De Clercq, E Heneine, W AF Witvrouw, M Pannecouque, C Switzer, WM Folks, TM De Clercq, E Heneine, W TI Susceptibility of HIV-2, SIV and SHIV to various anti-HIV-1 compounds: Implications for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th International Conference on Antiviral Resarch CY MAY 02-06, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ SP Int Soc Antiviral Res, Hilton El Conquistador Hotel C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 62 IS 2 MA 21 BP A36 EP A36 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 816XO UT WOS:000221142800022 ER PT J AU Barr, JR Woolfitt, AR Maggio, VL Patterson, DG AF Barr, JR Woolfitt, AR Maggio, VL Patterson, DG TI Measurement of toxaphene congeners in pooled human serum collected in three US cities using high-resolution mass spectrometry SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISH AB Because human toxaphene exposure data are largely lacking, we surveyed human serum pools collected from U.S. residents to determine the feasibility of measuring toxaphene in human samples and to determine whether additional analytical requirements were needed for routine measurement of toxaphene. We report a method for quantification of toxaphene congeners in human serum using a mixed-bed gradient solid-phase extraction and analysis using gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electron-impact ionization. In this method, we monitored low-mass fragment ions that were common to all 22 congeners. To verify the specific congeners detected, we further analyzed the extract using negative methane chemical ionization. We used this method to measure two specific congeners, Parlar 26 and 50, at concentrations ranging from about 3 to 30 pg/ml (0.7-7 ng/g lipid) in pooled human serum collected in Atlanta, Chicago, and Cincinnati. We identified several analytical parameters that must be strengthened to routinely measure toxaphene congeners in human samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3128-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 814FI UT WOS:000220960200017 PM 15253054 ER PT J AU Mielke, CH Oliver, S Hooper, C Short, R Schulte, W Mielke, M Hogan, J Fuhs, B Leimgruber, P AF Mielke, CH Oliver, S Hooper, C Short, R Schulte, W Mielke, M Hogan, J Fuhs, B Leimgruber, P TI C-reactive protein as a predictor of CAD in asymptomatic subjects SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology CY MAY 06-08, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Washington State Univ, Spokane, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inland Imaging, Spokane, WA USA. Spokane Cardiol PSC, Spokane, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 MA P374 BP E66 EP E66 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 818VN UT WOS:000221272700383 ER PT J AU Wang, S Tondella, MLC Rao, S Liu, G Austin, H Fields, B Zafari, AMM AF Wang, S Tondella, MLC Rao, S Liu, G Austin, H Fields, B Zafari, AMM TI Prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with coronary artery disease SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 5th Annual Conference on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology CY MAY 06-08, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Emory Univ, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 MA P292 BP E51 EP E51 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 818VN UT WOS:000221272700303 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Luby, SP Mintz, ED AF Crump, JA Luby, SP Mintz, ED TI The global burden of typhoid fever SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE typhoid fever/epidemiology/blood; paratyphoid fever/epidemiology; salmonella enterica/isolation and purification; cohort studies; population surveillance; cost of illness; sensitivity and specificity ID CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL; VI-CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; ENTERIC-COATED CAPSULES; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; BONE-MARROW; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; VACCINE; EFFICACY; IMMUNIZATION AB Objective To use new data to make a revised estimate of the global burden of typhoid fever, an accurate understanding of which is necessary to guide public health decisions for disease control and prevention efforts. Methods Population-based studies using confirmation by blood culture of typhoid fever cases were sought by computer search of the multilingual scientific literature. Where there were no eligible studies, data were extrapolated from neighbouring countries and regions. Age-incidence curves were used to model rates measured among narrow age cohorts to the general population. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the sensitivity of the estimate to the assumptions. The burden of paratyphoid fever was derived by a proportional method. Findings A total of 22 eligible studies were identified. Regions with high incidence of typhoid fever (>100/100 000 cases/year) include south-central Asia and south-east Asia. Regions of medium incidence (10-100,1100 000 cases/year) include the rest of Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Oceania, except for Australia and New Zealand. Europe, North America, and the rest of the developed world have low incidence of typhoid fever (<10/100 000 cases/year). We estimate that typhoid fever caused 21650 974 illnesses and 216 510 deaths during 2000 and that paratyphoid fever caused 5 412 744 illnesses. Conclusion New data and improved understanding of typhoid fever epidemiology enabled us to refine the global typhoid burden estimate, which remains considerable. More detailed incidence studies in selected countries and regions, particularly Africa, are needed to further improve the estimate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcrump@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 769 Z9 803 U1 9 U2 44 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 82 IS 5 BP 346 EP 353 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 822UP UT WOS:000221566200007 PM 15298225 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Graubard, BI AF Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Graubard, BI TI Letters to the editor SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Weight & Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 8R1, CANADA SN 0008-4263 J9 CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Can. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 825AW UT WOS:000221729400027 PM 15191140 ER PT J AU Elci, OC Akpinar-Elci, M AF Elci, OC Akpinar-Elci, M TI Occupational exposures, anatomic location, and geographic distribution of laryngeal cancer SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Letter ID RISK; TURKEY C1 CDC, NIOSH, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Elci, OC (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS3030, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM OElci@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 429 EP 430 DI 10.1023/B:CACO.0000027555.60022.8a PG 2 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 820BB UT WOS:000221360300009 PM 15248306 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Schuchat, A AF Schrag, SJ Schuchat, A TI Easing the burden: Characterizing the disease burden of neonatal group B streptococcal disease to motivate prevention SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTIONS; TETANUS; SEPSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd ME, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zha6@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1209 EP 1211 DI 10.1086/382889 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 813SG UT WOS:000220926200002 PM 15127329 ER PT J AU Tietz, A Davies, SC Moran, JS AF Tietz, A Davies, SC Moran, JS TI Guide to sexually transmitted disease resources on the Internet SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The Internet provides patients, clinicians, teachers, and researchers with immediate access to reliable information, authoritative recommendations, and the latest research findings and statistics, but quickly finding the best sources while avoiding the unreliable and obsolete can be a problem. We searched the Internet for the most useful English-language Web sites on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with annotations, in 4 tables: sites for patients, for clinicians and teachers, and for researchers, and sites dedicated to a single STD. In the process, we found that government-sponsored sites tended to have the most reliable information. This held true regardless of the kind of information we were seeking. Several university-sponsored sites contained information that was outdated or erroneous. Commercial and nonprofit sites sometimes evinced a bias that could mislead some readers. Both health care professionals and laypersons seeking information about STDs on the World Wide Web should generally start their search at government-sponsored sites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, New Orleans, LA USA. Sutherland Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Moran, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsm4@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1304 EP 1310 DI 10.1086/383475 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 813SG UT WOS:000220926200018 PM 15127345 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME LaPorte, TN Phan, Q Van Duyne, SV Braden, C AF Beatty, ME LaPorte, TN Phan, Q Van Duyne, SV Braden, C TI A multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Saintpaul infections linked to mango consumption: A recurrent theme SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbeatty@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1337 EP 1338 DI 10.1086/383156 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 813SG UT WOS:000220926200029 PM 15127356 ER PT J AU Strom, BL Berlin, JA Weber, AL Norman, SA Bernstein, L Burkman, RT Daling, JR Deapen, D Folger, SG Malone, KE Marchbanks, PA Simon, MS Ursin, G Weiss, LK Spirtas, R AF Strom, BL Berlin, JA Weber, AL Norman, SA Bernstein, L Burkman, RT Daling, JR Deapen, D Folger, SG Malone, KE Marchbanks, PA Simon, MS Ursin, G Weiss, LK Spirtas, R TI Absence of an effect of injectable and implantable progestin-only contraceptives on subsequent risk of breast cancer SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; progestin; contraceptive patch; contraceptives; implantable contraceptives; injectable contraceptives; medroxyprogesterone acetate ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MAMMARY-GLAND; PROLIFERATION; REGIMENS; MACAQUES; ESTROGEN; WOMEN AB Animal data indicate that both estrogens and progestins could be carcinogenic and that progestins could serve as tumor promoters. Human studies have not confirmed an increased risk of breast cancer from long-term use of oral contraceptives, but have shown an increased risk from hormone replacement therapy including progestins. The present study analyzed the relationship between breast cancer and use of injectable and implantable progestin-only contraceptives. Analyses were performed on data collected in a population-based, multicenter, case-control study, the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The study involved 4575 randomly sampled cases with invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1994 and 1998, and 4682 controls, identified using random digit dialing. We assessed the association between exposure to injectable contraceptives and risk of breast cancer. The use of injectable contraceptives was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 1.2]. Risk was not increased among current users, defined as women who used injectable contraceptives within 1 year of the reference date (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.4, 1.3) or those who initiated use in the 5 years immediately preceding the reference date (OR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.5, 1.4), or with use beginning before age 35 (OR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.6, 1.3). Among users, risk increased with increasing duration of use (p = 0.03). However, short-term users (<6 months duration) were at decreased risk relative to never users (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4, 1.0). When the short-term users were then excluded from the duration-response analysis, the slope of the duration-response became slightly (and nonsignificantly) negative. Risk was not increased among women with 24 or more months of use relative to never users (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.8, 2.5). No increased risk was seen from implantable contraceptives either, although the sample sizes were small. This study does not support an increased risk of breast cancer associated with the use of injectable or implantable progestin-only contraceptives in women aged 35 to 64. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Dept Internal Med, Detroit, MI USA. NICHHD, Populat Res Ctr, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Strom, BL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, 824 Blockley Hall,423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM bstrom@cceb.med.upenn.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-67010, N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064, N01-PC-67006]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-3-3176, Y01-HD-7022, N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168, N01-HD-3-3174] NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2003.12.015 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 817KI UT WOS:000221176000003 PM 15105056 ER PT J AU Cheal, KL Abbasi, F Lamendola, C McLaughlin, T Reaven, GM Ford, ES AF Cheal, KL Abbasi, F Lamendola, C McLaughlin, T Reaven, GM Ford, ES TI Relationship to insulin resistance of the Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria for identification of the metabolic syndrome SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MEDIATED GLUCOSE DISPOSAL; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SUPPRESSION TEST; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK FACTOR; US ADULTS; HYPERINSULINEMIA; PREDICTOR AB The Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) has published criteria for diagnosing the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of. closely related abnormalities related to insulin resistance that increase cardiovascular disease risk. The present analysis was performed to evaluate the ability of these criteria to identify insulin-resistant individuals. The population consisted of 443. healthy volunteers, with measurements of BMI, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol concentrations, and steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration. Insulin resistance was defined as being in the top tertile of SSPG concentrations'. Of the population, 20% satisfied ATP III criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Although insulin resistance and the presence of the metabolic syndrome were significantly associated < 0.001), the sensitivity and positive predictive value equaled 46% (69 of 149) and 76% (69 of 91), respectively. Being overweight, with high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, or elevated blood pressure, most often resulted in. a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. Thus, the ATP III criteria do not provide a sensitive approach to identifying insulin-resistant individuals. The individual components vary both in terms of their utility in making a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome and their relationship to insulin resistance, with the obesity and lipid criteria being most useful. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reaven, GM (reprint author), Standford Med Ctr, Falk CVRC, Div Cardiovasc Med, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM greaven@cvmed.stanford.edu NR 37 TC 187 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD MAY PY 2004 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1195 EP 1200 DI 10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1195 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 817DD UT WOS:000221157300003 PM 15111486 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F Bowman, B AF Vinicor, F Bowman, B TI The metabolic syndrome: The emperor needs some consistent clothes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, K-10,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fxv1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1243 EP 1243 DI 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1243 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 817DB UT WOS:000221157100052 PM 15111565 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Simor, AE Su, IJ Maloney, S Ofner, M Chen, KT Lando, JF McGeer, A Lee, ML Jernigan, DB AF McDonald, LC Simor, AE Su, IJ Maloney, S Ofner, M Chen, KT Lando, JF McGeer, A Lee, ML Jernigan, DB TI SARS in healthcare facilities, Toronto and Taiwan SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME SARS; TRANSMISSION AB The healthcare setting was important in the early spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in both Toronto and Taiwan. Healthcare workers, patients, and visitors were at increased risk for infection. Nonetheless, the ability of individual SARS patients to transmit disease was quite variable. Unrecognized SARS case-patients were a primary source of transmission, and early detection and intervention were important to limit spread. Strict adherence to infection control precautions was essential in containing outbreaks. In addition, grouping patients into cohorts and limiting access to SARS patients minimized exposure opportunities. Given the difficulty in implementing several of these measures, control measures were frequently adapted to the acuity of SARS care and level of transmission within facilities. Although these conclusions are based only on a retrospective analysis of events, applying the experiences of Toronto and Taiwan to SARS preparedness planning efforts will likely minimize future transmission within healthcare facilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sunnybrook Womens Coll Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control, Taipei, Taiwan. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ljm3@cdc.gov RI Su, Ih-Jen/B-2655-2010; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 16 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 777 EP 781 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500002 PM 15200808 ER PT J AU Rabatsky-Ehr, T Whichard, J Rossiter, S Holland, B Stamey, K Headrick, ML Barrett, TJ Angulo, FJ AF Rabatsky-Ehr, T Whichard, J Rossiter, S Holland, B Stamey, K Headrick, ML Barrett, TJ Angulo, FJ CA NARMS Working Grp TI Multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica typhimurium, United States, 1997-1998 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; DT104; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; SPECTRUM; HUMANS; GENES AB To evaluate multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, including definitive type 104 (DT104) in the United States, we reviewed data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). In 1997 to 1998, 703 (25%) of 2,767 serotyped Salmonella isolates received at NARMS were S. Typhimurium; antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phage typing were completed for 697. Fifty-eight percent (402) were resistant to greater than or equal to1 antimicrobial agent. Three multidrug-resistant (greater than or equal to5 drugs) strains accounted for (74%) 296 of all resistant isolates. Ceftriaxone resistance was present in 8 (3%), and nalidixic acid resistance in 4 (1%), of these multidrug-resistant strains. By phage typing, 259 (37%) of S. Typhimurium isolates were DT104, 209 (30%) were of undefined type and 103 (15%) were untypable. Fifty percent (202) of resistant (greater than or equal to1 drug) isolates were DT104. Multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates, particularly DT104, account for a substantial proportion of S. Typhimurium isolates; ceftriaxone resistance is exhibited by some of these strains. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Rabatsky-Ehr, T (reprint author), Dept Publ Hlth Epidemiol & Emerging Infect, 401 Capital Ave,MS Epi 11,POB 340308, Hartford, CT USA. EM Therese.Rabatsky-Ehr@po.state.ct.us FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU111188-07] NR 21 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 795 EP 801 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500005 PM 15200811 ER PT J AU Rutherford, JS Macaluso, KR Smith, N Zaki, SR Paddock, CD Davis, J Peterson, N Azad, AF Rosenberg, R AF Rutherford, JS Macaluso, KR Smith, N Zaki, SR Paddock, CD Davis, J Peterson, N Azad, AF Rosenberg, R TI Fatal spotted fever rickettsiosis, Kenya SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TICK BITE FEVER; AFRICA; TRAVELERS AB We report a fatal case of rickettsiosis in a woman from the United States living in Kenya, who had a history of tick exposure. Immunohistochemical staining of skin, kidney, and liver demonstrated spotted fever group rickettsiae. The clinical findings, severity, and fatal outcome are most consistent with Rickettsia conorii infection. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Kijabe African Inland Church Mission Hosp, Kijabe, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Macaluso, KR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 655 W Baltimore St,BRB 13-009, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM kmaca001@umaryland.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 910 EP 913 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500023 PM 15200829 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Suarez, DL Spackman, E Tumpey, TM Beck, JR Erdman, D Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG AF Swayne, DE Suarez, DL Spackman, E Tumpey, TM Beck, JR Erdman, D Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG TI Domestic poultry and SARS coronavirus, southern China SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME AB SARS coronavirus injected intratracheally into chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, and quail, or into the allantoic sac of their embryonating eggs, failed to cause disease or replicate. This finding suggests that domestic poultry were unlikely to have been the reservoir, or associated with dissemination, of SARS coronavirus in the animal markets of southern China. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 914 EP 916 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500024 PM 15200830 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Mostashari, F Karpati, AM Schwartz, SP Manning, SE Marx, MA Frieden, TR AF Thorpe, LE Mostashari, F Karpati, AM Schwartz, SP Manning, SE Marx, MA Frieden, TR TI Mass smallpox vaccination and cardiac deaths, New York City, 1947 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In April 1947, during a smallpox outbreak in New York City (NYC), >6 million people were vaccinated. To determine whether vaccination increased cardiac death, we reviewed NYC death certificates for comparable periods in 1946, 1947, and 1948 (N = 81,529) and calculated adjusted relative death rates for the postvaccination period. No increases in cardiac deaths were observed. C1 NYC DOHMH, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), NYC DOHMH, 125 Worth St,Rm 315,CN6, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM lthorpe@health.nyc.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 917 EP 920 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500025 PM 15200831 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Ying, M Davis, MF Deasy, M Holland, B Iampietro, L Baysinger, CM Sassano, F Polk, LD Gormley, B Hung, MJ Pilot, K Orsini, M Van Duyne, S Rankin, S Genese, C Bresnitz, EA Smucker, J Moll, M Sobel, J AF Olsen, SJ Ying, M Davis, MF Deasy, M Holland, B Iampietro, L Baysinger, CM Sassano, F Polk, LD Gormley, B Hung, MJ Pilot, K Orsini, M Van Duyne, S Rankin, S Genese, C Bresnitz, EA Smucker, J Moll, M Sobel, J TI Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium infection from milk contaminated after pasteurization SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK AB An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infections occurred in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. A case-control study implicated pasteurized milk from a dairy, and an inspection indicated the potential for contamination after pasteurization. Dairy cattle are the likely reservoir, and milk may be an important vehicle of Salmonella transmission to humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Montgomery Cty Dept Hlth, Norristown, PA USA. Bucks Cty Dept Hlth, Doylestown, PA USA. Gloucester Cty Hlth Dept, Turnersville, NJ USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prod, Int Emerging Infect Program, Amer Embassy, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM sco2@cdc.gov OI Davis, Meghan/0000-0002-3475-4578 NR 15 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 932 EP 935 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500029 PM 15200835 ER PT J AU Watson, JT Jones, RC Gibbs, K Paul, W AF Watson, JT Jones, RC Gibbs, K Paul, W TI Dead crow reports and location of human West Nile virus cases, Chicago, 2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB During the summer and fall of 2002, an epidemic (223 cases) and epizootic of West Nile virus infections occurred in Chicago. Retrospective spatial analysis demonstrated that age-adjusted human case rates were three times higher inside geographic areas with high early-season crow deaths than outside these areas. C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Watson, JT (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, 2160 W Ogden, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM watson_john@cdph.org NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 938 EP 940 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500031 PM 15200837 ER PT J AU Rohde, RE Mayes, BC Smith, JS Neill, SU AF Rohde, RE Mayes, BC Smith, JS Neill, SU TI Bat rabies, Texas, 1996-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SURVEILLANCE AB Bats submitted to the Texas Department of Health (1996-2000) were speciated and tested for rabies virus antigen by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. Antigenic analysis of rabies virus-positive specimens was performed with monoclonal antibodies against the nucleoprotein of the virus; atypical or unexpected results were confirmed by genetic analysis of nucleoprotein sequence. C1 Texas State Univ San Marcos, Clin Lab Sci Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Austin Community Coll, Austin, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Bur Labs, Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX USA. RP Rohde, RE (reprint author), Texas State Univ San Marcos, Clin Lab Sci Program, HSC361,601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM rrohde@txstate.edu NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 948 EP 952 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500034 PM 15200840 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Mostashari, F Karpati, AM Schwartz, SP Manning, SE Marx, MA Frieden, TR AF Thorpe, LE Mostashari, F Karpati, AM Schwartz, SP Manning, SE Marx, MA Frieden, TR TI Smallpox vaccination and adverse cardiac events - Reply SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 NYCDOHMH, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), NYCDOHMH, 125 Worth St,Rm 315 CN6, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM Ithorpe@health.nyc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 962 EP 962 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500041 ER PT J AU Piquero, J Casals, VP Higuera, EL Yakrus, M Sikes, D de Waard, JH AF Piquero, J Casals, VP Higuera, EL Yakrus, M Sikes, D de Waard, JH TI Iatrogenic Mycobacterium simiae skin infection in an immunocompetent patient SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TEXAS; AIDS C1 Lado Hosp Vargas, Lab TB, Inst Biomed, Caracas, Venezuela. Clin Sanatrix, Dept Dermatol, Caracas, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP de Waard, JH (reprint author), Lado Hosp Vargas, Lab TB, Inst Biomed, Caracas, Venezuela. EM jacobusdeward@telcel.net.ve NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 969 EP 970 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 818GL UT WOS:000221233500047 PM 15216858 ER PT J AU Sjodin, A Jones, RS Focant, JF Lapeza, C Wang, RY McGahee, EE Zhang, YL Turner, WE Slazyk, B Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Sjodin, A Jones, RS Focant, JF Lapeza, C Wang, RY McGahee, EE Zhang, YL Turner, WE Slazyk, B Needham, LL Patterson, DG TI Retrospective time-trend study of polybrominated diphenyl ether and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in human serum from the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; 2,2',4,4',5-PENTABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; TEMPORAL TRENDS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MOTHERS MILK; HUMAN BLOOD; EXPOSURE; CONSUMPTION; ENVIRONMENT; PLASMA AB Six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), one hexabromobiphenyl [polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)], and one hexachlorobiphenyl [polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)] were measured in 40 human serum pools collected in the southeastern United States during 1985 through 2002 and in Seattle, Washington, for 1999 through 2002. The concentrations of most of the PBDEs, which are commercially used as flame retardants in common household and commercial applications, had significant positive correlations with time of sample collection, showing that the concentrations of these compounds are increasing in serum collected in the United States. In contrast, PCB and PBB levels were negatively correlated with sample collection year, indicating that the levels of these compounds have been decreasing since their phaseout in the 1970. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM asjodin@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 36 TC 217 Z9 238 U1 4 U2 21 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 112 IS 6 BP 654 EP 658 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 822DD UT WOS:000221514400029 PM 15121506 ER PT J AU Schecter, A Lucier, GW Cunningham, ML Abdo, KM Blumenthal, G Silver, AG Melnick, R Portier, C Barr, DB Barr, JR Stanfill, SB Patterson, DG Needham, LL Stopford, W Masten, S Mignogna, J Tung, KC AF Schecter, A Lucier, GW Cunningham, ML Abdo, KM Blumenthal, G Silver, AG Melnick, R Portier, C Barr, DB Barr, JR Stanfill, SB Patterson, DG Needham, LL Stopford, W Masten, S Mignogna, J Tung, KC TI Human consumption of methyleugenol and its elimination from serum SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene; carcinogen; dose; food; human; ingestion; kinetics; methyleugenol; serum levels; urine ID RAT AB Under a mandate from the U.S. Congress, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services conducts animal bioassays for carcinogenicity of potentially toxic chemicals to which the U.S. population might be exposed. Methyleugenol, a natural as well as synthesized substance, was nominated for study because it is structurally similar to safrole, a known animal carcinogen. Methyleugenol was found to be a very potent multisite carcinogen in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F(1) mice at all doses tested in 2-year NTP bioassays using gavage dosing. For this reason, human toxicokinetic studies were added to the traditional NTP protocol. A commercial brand of gingersnaps was found by chemists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to contain a relatively high concentration of methyleugenol. After thorough scientific and clinical review, and approval by a National Institutes of Health institutional review board for the protection of human subjects, a study was conducted with nine healthy adult male and female human volunteers. The volunteers were given 12 gingersnaps for breakfast. Blood was drawn immediately before the meal and at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min afterward. The mean +/- SD fasting level of methyleugenol in serum was 16.2 +/- 4.0 pg/g wet weight. Peak blood levels were found at 15 min (mean +/- SD, 53.9 +/- 7.3 pg/g wet weight), followed by a rapid decline; the half-life of elimination was about 90 min. The peak levels were within the range of methyleugenol blood levels in the U.S. population, as measured concurrently in a subset of nonfasting participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Occupat Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Schecter, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd,V8 112, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM arnold.schecter@utsouthwestern.edu RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010; Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; masten, scott/R-1403-2016 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279; masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 112 IS 6 BP 678 EP 680 DI 10.1289/ehp.6766 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 822DD UT WOS:000221514400033 PM 15121510 ER PT J AU Hauser, R Duty, S Godfrey-Bailey, L Calafat, AM AF Hauser, R Duty, S Godfrey-Bailey, L Calafat, AM TI Medications as a source of human exposure to phthalates SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; environmental health; medications; phthalates; reproductive health ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; DELIVERY SYSTEMS; LATE-GESTATION; RATS; METABOLITES; PLASTICIZERS; GONOCYTES AB Phthalates are a group of multifunctional chemicals used in consumer and personal care products, plastics, and medical devices. Laboratory studies show that some plathalates are reproductive and developmental toxicants. Recently, human studies have shown measurable levels of several phthalates in most of the U.S. general population. Despite their widespread use and the consistent toxicologic data on phthalates, information is limited on sources and pathways of human exposure to phthalates. One potential source of exposure is medications. The need for site-specific dosage medications has led to the use of enteric coatings that allow the release of the active ingredients into the small intestine or in the colon. The enteric coatings generally consist of various polymers that contain plasticizers, including triethyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate, and phthalates such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl plathalate (DBP). In this article we report on medications as a potential source of exposure to DBP in a man who took Asacol [active ingredient mesalamine (mesalazine)] for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. In a spot urine sample from this man collected 3 months after he started taking Asacol, the concentration of monobutyl phthalate, a DBP metabolite, was 16,868 ng/mL (6,180 mug/g creatinine). This concentration was more than two orders of magnitude higher than the 95th percentile for males reported in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The patient's urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (443.7 ng/mL, 162.6 mug/g creatinine), mono-2-ethythexyl plathalate (3.0 ng/mL, 1.1 mug/g creatinine), and monobenzyl phthalate (9.3 ng/mL, 3.4 mug/g creatinine) were unremarkable compared with the NHANES 1999-2000 values. Before this report, the highest estimated human exposure to DBP was more than two orders of magnitude lower than the no observable adverse effect level from animal studies. Further research is necessary to determine the proportional contribution of medications, as well as personal care and consumer products, to a person's total phthalate burden. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Room 1405, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09718] NR 34 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 27 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 112 IS 6 BP 751 EP 753 DI 10.1289/ehp.6804 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 822DD UT WOS:000221514400042 PM 15121520 ER PT J AU Inserra, SG Phifer, BL Anger, WK Lewin, M Hilsdon, R White, MC AF Inserra, SG Phifer, BL Anger, WK Lewin, M Hilsdon, R White, MC TI Neurobehavioral evaluation for a community with chronic exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neurobehavioral; air pollution; hydrogen sulfide; neurotoxicology; air modeling; nervous system toxicity; total reduced sulfur compounds; kriging ID LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; EXERCISING MEN; AIR-POLLUTION; INHALATION; SYMPTOMS; WOMEN; OZONE AB In May 2000, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the US government conducted a health investigation in response to community concerns regarding ambient and indoor hydrogen sulfide (H2S), odor, and health symptoms in Dakota City, Nebraska. The objective was to determine whether adult residents in an area with repeated exposure to H2S showed poorer performance on neurobehavioral tests than unexposed residents. Study participants were required to meet age (greater than or equal to 16 years of age) and length of residency (2 years) eligibility requirements. A battery of computer-assisted standardized neurobehavioral tests was administered in English or Spanish. A questionnaire was used to collect information about participants, demographic and health status. Three hundred forty-five people agreed to participate. After the exclusion of 10 persons, analyses were conducted on 335 participants, 171 residents in the target area and 164 residents in the comparison area. The two groups were comparable in demographic characteristics and various health conditions. Overall, neurobehavioral test results for the target and comparison groups were similar. Residence in the H2S-exposed area was associated with marginally poorer performance on a test of memory, namely, match to sample score, and a test of grip strength. However, these differences were not significant. Deficits in overall neurobehavioral performance were not associated with exposure to H2S in this study. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Ctr Res Occupat & Environm Toxicol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Inserra, SG (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sinserra@cdc.gov RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2003.08.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 813ZV UT WOS:000220945900006 PM 15068930 ER PT J AU Maisonet, M Correa, A Misra, D Jaakkola, JJK AF Maisonet, M Correa, A Misra, D Jaakkola, JJK TI A review of the literature on the effects of ambient air pollution on fetal growth SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE literature review; ambient air pollution; fetal growth; low birth weight; IUGR; preterm delivery ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; PRETERM DELIVERY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CHILDREN BORN; RISK FACTOR; PREGNANCY; PREMATURITY; ASSOCIATION AB A systematic review of the literature on the effects of air pollution on low birth weight (LBW) and its determinants, preterm delivery (PTD) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), was conducted. Twelve epidemiologic investigations that addressed the impact of air pollution on four pregnancy outcomes were identified. Results were analyzed separately for each perinatal outcome because of differences in pathogenic mechanisms. Effects of air pollution were apparent on PTD and IUGR, but not on LBW. Most of the associations reported were rather small. The estimation of summary effects was not meaningful because of the heterogeneity of the effect estimates arising from differences in the measurements of outcome, exposure, and confounders and the small number of studies per outcome (four studies for PTD and six for IUGR). Current scientific knowledge on the impact of air pollution on fetal growth is still limited; thus, several issues should be examined further. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Birmingham, Inst Occupat Hlth, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Maisonet, M (reprint author), 1017 Providencia Ave,Box 9459, Santiago 6643091, Chile. EM maisonetm@chi.ops-oms.org RI Jaakkola, Jouni/G-4314-2012; OI Maisonet, Mildred/0000-0003-3561-2632 NR 21 TC 154 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2004.01.001 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 813ZV UT WOS:000220945900012 PM 15068936 ER PT J AU Riddle, DL Schappert, SM AF Riddle, DL Schappert, SM TI Volume of ambulatory care visits and patterns of care for patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis: A national study of medical doctors SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; plantar fasciitis; prevalence ID PAINFUL HEEL SYNDROME AB Background: Plantar fasciitis is a relatively common disorder of the foot, yet little is known about its prevalence, what types of physicians see patients with the disorder, or how, on a national scale, patients are typically managed. The purpose of this study was to generate national estimates of the volume of patient visits and characteristics of care given to patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis by medical doctors. Methods: Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) for the years 1995-2000 were studied. These are multistage probability sample surveys of visits to office-based physicians (NAMCS) and visits to nonfederal, short-stay, and general hospitals (NHAMCS) to consult doctors of medicine and doctors of osteopathy. Sample data have been weighted to produce national estimates. Data describing the number of patient visits for plantar fasciitis and the characteristics of the care given during those visits were summarized using univariate analyses. Data were combined for the 6-year period to increase the reliability of the estimates, and figures are presented as annual averages. Results: Approximately 1 million patient visits per year were made to off ice-based physicians and hospital outpatient departments for the diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis during 1995-2000. Approximately 62% of all visits were made to primary care practitioners, and 31% were made to orthopaedic surgeons. Patient visits for plantar fasciitis accounted for approximately 1% of all patient visits to orthopedic surgeons. Pain medication, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), was the most frequently used intervention (47% of visits). Exercise counseling was cited at 26% of visits, and physical therapy was ordered or provided at 19% of visits. Conclusions: This research suggests that plantar fasciitis is a relatively common disorder that is seen by several physician specialties. The disorder is not managed in a consistent way. Rather, there appears to be a large amount of variation in the way that these patients are managed. These findings support the argument that additional research is needed to identify effective interventions for plantar fasciitis and to determine if physician specialty influences treatment outcome. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Allied Hlth Profess, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Riddle, DL (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Allied Hlth Profess, Med Coll Virginia Campus,Box 980224, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM driddle@hsc.vcu.edu NR 25 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 25 IS 5 BP 303 EP 310 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 854FD UT WOS:000223885800005 PM 15134610 ER PT J AU Lingappa, J Kuffner, T Tappero, J Whitworth, W Mize, A Kaiser, R McNicholl, J AF Lingappa, J Kuffner, T Tappero, J Whitworth, W Mize, A Kaiser, R McNicholl, J TI HLA-DQ6 and ingestion of contaminated water: possible gene-environment interaction in an outbreak of leptospirosis SO GENES AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE leptospirosis; HLA; human leukocyte antigen; gene-environment interaction; superantigen; outbreak investigation ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TRANSGENIC MICE; INNER-CITY; HLA; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION AB Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that can cause severe multisystem disease. While host gene-environment interactions likely modify infectious disease susceptibility, including for leptopsirosis, this has not been documented. In a 1998 leptospirosis outbreak investigation among triathletes in a lake swim, swallowing lake-water was a disease risk-factor. We used genomic DNA from 85 anonymized blood-sample remainders from that investigation to examine the association of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis with gene polymorphisms (TNF-alpha alleles and serologically defined genotypes for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1). HLA-DQ6-positive triathletes had increased risk of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis ( OR = 2.8, P = 0.04) compared to DQ6-negatives. DQ6-positive triathletes swallowing lake-water had greatest risk ( OR 8.46, Pless than or equal to0.001). This first report of a genetic risk-factor affecting susceptibility to leptospirosis is also the first documented gene - environment interaction (DQ6 and swallowed water) affecting infectious disease susceptibility. Based on these preliminary findings, we hypothesize a role for superantigens in leptospirosis and underscore the importance of outbreak investigations for understanding infectious disease gene environment interactions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lingappa, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop A-34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JWL8@CDC.GOV NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1466-4879 J9 GENES IMMUN JI Genes Immun. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1038/sj.gene.6364058 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 814CC UT WOS:000220951800007 PM 15014429 ER PT J AU McCusker, ME Yoon, PW Gwinn, M Malarcher, AM Neff, L Khoury, MJ AF McCusker, ME Yoon, PW Gwinn, M Malarcher, AM Neff, L Khoury, MJ TI Family history of heart disease and cardiovascular disease risk-reducing behaviors SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; family history; risk; heart disease; behavior ID PRIMARY PREVENTION; CORONARY-DISEASE; GENETIC RISK; STROKE; HEALTH; CARE; DIET AB Background: Family history is an important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Preventive behaviors, including lifestyle modifications, can attenuate CVD risk. We studied the association between family history-based heart disease (HID) risk and CVD risk-reducing behaviors. Methods: Using data from the 2001 Healthstyles survey, we compared frequencies of CVD risk-reducing behaviors among adults without known CVD in categories defined by family history-based HID risk. We classified respondents' HID risk as average (no first-degree relatives with HID), moderate (one relative), or high (greater than or equal to two relatives). Behaviors studied included lifestyle modifications, cholesterol measurement, and aspirin use. Results: Of 3383 respondents without known CVD, 28% were classified as being at moderate risk and 15% as being at high risk for HID based on family history. Adjusted odds ratios indicated that moderate- and high-risk respondents were more likely to report having cholesterol measured within the previous 5 years (OR = 1.39, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.16-1.67 and 1.29, 95% CI = 1.01-1.64, respectively), and aspirin use to reduce CVD risk (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.23-1.79 and 1.67, 95% CI = 1.33-2.09, respectively) than average-risk respondents. Conclusion: Almost one half of respondents reported a family history of HID. Aspirin use and cholesterol measurement (i.e., behaviors that health-care providers might suggest) were more likely to be reported by moderate- and high-risk respondents than were lifestyle changes. Family history merits further investigation as a public health tool to identify persons with increased HID risk who might benefit from enhanced prevention strategies. C1 Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Chron Dis & Tobacco Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCusker, ME (reprint author), Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Chron Dis & Tobacco Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1100 W 49th St,T-402, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000127271.60548.89 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 821XF UT WOS:000221495900008 PM 15354334 ER PT J AU Wootton, SH Arnold, K Hill, HA McAllister, S Ray, M Kellum, M LaMarre, M Lane, ME Chaitram, J Lance-Parker, S Kuehnert, MJ AF Wootton, SH Arnold, K Hill, HA McAllister, S Ray, M Kellum, M LaMarre, M Lane, ME Chaitram, J Lance-Parker, S Kuehnert, MJ TI Intervention to reduce the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections in a correctional facility in Georgia SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In August 2001, a cluster of MRSA skin infections was detected in a correctional facility. AD investigation was conducted to determine its cause and to prevent further MRSA infections. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: A 200-bed detention center. PATIENTS: A case was defined as a detainee with a skin lesion from which MRSA was cultured from July 24 through December 31, 2001. Case-patients were identified by review of laboratory culture results and by skin lesion screening through point-prevalence survey and admission examination. Controls were randomly selected from an alphabetized list of detainees. INTERVENTION: Medical staff implemented measures to improve skin disease screening, personal hygiene, wound care, and antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS: Sixteen cases were identified: 11, 5, and 0 in the preintervention, peri-intervention, and postintervention periods, respectively Seven case-patients and 19 controls were included in the case-control study. On multivariable analysis, working as a dormitory orderly (OR, 9.8; CI95 0.74-638; P = .10) and a stay of longer than 36 days (OR 6.9; CI95, 0.65-128.2; P = .14) were the strongest predictors for MRSA skin infection. The preintervention, peri-intervention, and postintervention MRSA infection rates were 11.6, 8.8, and 0 per 10,000 detainee-days, respectively. The rate of MRSA skin infections declined significantly between both the preintervention and peri-intervention periods and the postintervention period (P < .01 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: MRSA skin disease can become an emergent problem in a correctional facility Interventions targeted at skin disease screening, appropriate antimicrobial treatment, and hygiene may decrease the risk of acquiring MRSA infection in correctional facilities. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wootton, SH (reprint author), 6621 Fannin St,Mail Code 3-2371, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 25 IS 5 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1086/502413 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 821YD UT WOS:000221498400010 PM 15188846 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, J Jarvis, WR Abbott, SL Vugia, DJ AF Rosenberg, J Jarvis, WR Abbott, SL Vugia, DJ CA California Emerging Infections TI Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in San Francisco Bay area hospitals during 1994 to 1998 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; CLINICAL LABORATORIES; SURVEILLANCE CULTURES; STOOL CARRIAGE; MEDICAL-CENTER AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area. DESIGN: Active laboratory-based surveillance for VRE from January 1995 through December 1996 and a laboratory-based and hospital-based questionnaire survey for 1993 to 1994 and 1997 to 1998. SETTING: All 33 general acute care hospitals in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area. PARTICIPANTS: Laboratories and infection control professionals serving these hospitals, and staff of the California Emerging Infections Program. RESULTS: The number of hospitals reporting 1 or more patient clinical VRE isolates was 1 (3%) in 1993, 7 (21%) in 1994, 31 (94%) in 1995, and 33 (100%) in 1996 to 1998. The number of patient isolates increased from 1 in 1993 to 24 in 1994, 176 in 1995, 429 in 1996, 730 in 1997, and 864 in 1998. Most VRE isolates in 1995 and 1996 were from urine and were not associated with serious clinical disease. However, the number of isolates from blood increased from 9 (6% of total) in 1995 to 44 (12% of the total) in 1996, 90 (14%) in 1997, and 100 (13%) in 1998. CONCLUSIONS: Our data document the rapid emergence and increase of VRE in all hospitals in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area during 1994 to 1998. Infection control measures for VRE together with antibiotic utilization programs should be implemented to limit further spread. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Microbial Dis Lab, Div Communicable Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rosenberg, J (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 25 IS 5 BP 408 EP 412 DI 10.1086/502414 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 821YD UT WOS:000221498400011 PM 15188847 ER PT J AU Rompalo, AM Shah, N Margolick, JB Farzadegan, H Arnsten, J Schuman, P Rich, JD Gardner, LI Smith, DK Vlahov, D AF Rompalo, AM Shah, N Margolick, JB Farzadegan, H Arnsten, J Schuman, P Rich, JD Gardner, LI Smith, DK Vlahov, D CA HERS Grp TI Evaluation of possible effects of continued drug use on HIV progression among women SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE drug use; HIV progression; women ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE-T SUBSETS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; RNA LEVELS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SEX-DIFFERENCES; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; VIRAL LOAD AB Data from a prospective, multi-centred study of HIV infection in women (HIV Epidemiology Research Study [HERS]) was analysed to investigate the effect of continued injection drug use behaviours on progression to AIDS. All women enrolled in the HERS had at enrolment and at six-month intervals, a face-to-face interview which included specific injection drug use, a physical exam, and specimen collection that included T-cell subset analysis and HIV plasma RNA detection. Six hundred and thirty-nine HIV-infected women contributed 3021 person years of observation during 7.25 years of follow-up, and 299 of these women progressed to AIDS (46.8%). In multivariable analysis, there was no significantly increased risk of progression to AIDS for women reporting pre-baseline injection drug use [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.07 (0.78, 1.47)] or reported injection drug use during follow-up [HR = 0.89 (0.66, 1.21)] compared with never injecting. In a separate multivariable-model, comparing women who reported no injection in past six months to active injection drug users, the frequency of injection during the previous six months measured by daily injection [HR = 0.97 (0.61, 1.55)] or less than daily injection [HR = 0.84 (0.54, 1.33)] was not associated with progression to AIDS. Being in drug treatment was independently associated with a slower progression to AIDS [HR = 0.41 (0.28, 0.59)]. Neither injection drug use, nor frequency of injection drug use was associated with progression to AIDS among HIV infected women. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy among drug users should be based on readiness for treatment rather than concern about faster progression. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. RP Rompalo, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM arompalo@jhmi.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAY PY 2004 VL 15 IS 5 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1258/095646204323012814 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 823BY UT WOS:000221585900010 PM 15117502 ER PT J AU Dewan, PK Arguin, PM Kiryanova, H Kondroshova, NV Khorosheva, TM Laserson, K Kluge, H Jakubowiak, W Wells, C Kazionny, B AF Dewan, PK Arguin, PM Kiryanova, H Kondroshova, NV Khorosheva, TM Laserson, K Kluge, H Jakubowiak, W Wells, C Kazionny, B TI Risk factors for death during tuberculosis treatment in Orel, Russia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; epidemiology; mortality; Russia ID MORTALITY; OBLAST AB SETTING AND METHODS: In Orel, high tuberculosis (TB) case fatality rates have persisted despite successful implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) global TB control strategy. We conducted a case control study to identify risk factors for mortality among Orel TB patients reported from October 1999 through June 2001. Cases were patients who died within 8 months of treatment initiation. We analyzed data abstracted from medical records using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Over the 21-month period, 63/1069 (5.9%) TB patients overall and 45/521 (8.6%) sputum smear-positive patients died during treatment. Compared to 192 controls, independent risk factors for death for both smear-positive and smear-negative patients included unemployment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-12.9), homelessness (AOR 9.5, 95%Cl 1.3-70.9), congestive heart failure (AOR 5.4, 95%Cl 1.9-15.9), chronic lung disease (AOR 2.4, 95%Cl 1.1-5.4), cancer (AOR 7.2, 95%Cl 1.2-45.0), bilateral disease on chest X-ray (AOR 6.3, 95%Cl 2.3-17.1), and hyperbilirubinemia (AOR 5.2, 95%Cl 1.1-25.3). Among deaths, the median time from treatment initiation to death was 35 days. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis and treatment of TB in suspects with the observed comorbidities and risk factors should be aggressively pursued. The association of unemployment and homelessness with mortality suggests a contribution of poverty to death during TB treatment. C1 Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Off Special Representat Director Gen, Moscow, Russia. RP Dewan, PK (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 1001 Potrero Ave WD94, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM puncet.dewan@sfdph.org NR 12 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 8 IS 5 BP 598 EP 602 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 818PF UT WOS:000221256300015 PM 15137537 ER PT J AU Nelson, LJ Wells, CD AF Nelson, LJ Wells, CD TI Global epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Review DE tuberculosis; childhood; epidemiology ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG-RESISTANT; SOUTH-AFRICA; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; ANNUAL RISK; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB Tuberculosis (TB) in children has been less of a public health priority in recent years, despite the fact that TB is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data on trends in childhood TB are scarce in the published literature. The diagnosis of TB in children is difficult, and rarely rests on bacteriologic confirmation. Surveillance data for children in many countries are lacking and there are few epidemiologic studies. However, in regions of the world such as sub-Saharan Africa where adult TB is increasing, this trend is likely occurring among children as well. This review documents an increase in childhood TB in many parts of the world. Risk factors vary by region. Improvements in global surveillance of childhood TB, investigation of the role of national TB programs (NTPs) in improving the control of childhood TB, and better identification of risk factors for childhood disease will be crucial to future control efforts for childhood TB. This might include assessment of optimal methods of contact investigations and an analysis of NTP data to assess risk factors for adverse outcomes (e.g., death, default, treatment failure) among children. Ultimately, these data will ensure the success of interventions to reduce the burden of childhood TB using strategies that specifically target this population. As children represent the future burden of TB disease, these efforts could significantly reduce the overall global burden of TB in years to come. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, DTBE, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nelson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, DTBE, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSC E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lbn9@cdc.gov NR 119 TC 218 Z9 226 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 8 IS 5 BP 636 EP 647 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 818PF UT WOS:000221256300026 PM 15137548 ER PT J AU DiClemente, RJ Wingood, GM Crosby, RA Rose, E Lang, D Pillay, A Papp, J Faushy, C AF DiClemente, RJ Wingood, GM Crosby, RA Rose, E Lang, D Pillay, A Papp, J Faushy, C TI A descriptive analysis of STD prevalence among urban pregnant African-American teens: Data from a pilot study SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; African American; HIV; pregnancy; sexual Behavior; sexually transmitted diseases ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; VAGINAL SWABS; CONDOM USE; ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; WOMEN; INTERVENTION AB Objective: To assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among a sample of African-American adolescent females at the time of their first prenatal visit and to assess key characteristics of those testing positive for sexually transmitted diseases. The study also determined differences in these characteristics between adolescents who were and those who were not diagnosed with an STD. Methods: One-hundred-and-seventy pregnant African-American adolescents (aged 14-20 years; mean =. 17.5 years) receiving their first prenatal visit were recruited at a prenatal clinic located in a large urban hospital. Biological assessment included nucleic acid amplification testing for gonococcal, chlamydial, and trichomonal infections. Rapid plasma reagin testing assessed infection with syphilis. A self-administered survey and in-depth face-to-face interview were used to collect detailed information assessing adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial indices, and their recent sexual risk behaviors. Data were analyzed using Student's t-tests and contingency table analyses, respectively, for continuous and categorical variables. Results: Overall, 23.5% tested positive for one of the four STDs. Thirteen percent were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, 1.2% with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 8.9% with Trichomonas vaginalis, and 1.2% with Treponema pallidum. More than one-half reported recent (past 6 months) treatment for an STD, 30% of these tested positive for at least one of the four STDs assessed. Adolescents testing positive for STDs held favorable attitudes toward condom use, but levels of sexual risk were generally high. There were no sociodemographic, psychosocial, and sexual-risk differences between those testing positive and negative. Conclusion: Findings support STD screening efforts targeting pregnant adolescents. Providing clinic-based counseling and prevention education programs to pregnant adolescents iegardless of apparent risk factors may also be warranted. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004 C1 Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, AIDS Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Aids STD, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DiClemente, RJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd,NE,5th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rdiclem@sph.emory.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [1R01 MH54412] NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAY PY 2004 VL 34 IS 5 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.010 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 898TM UT WOS:000227099100004 PM 15093791 ER PT J AU Cabral, RJ Galavotti, C Stark, MJ Gargiullo, PM Semaan, S Adams, J Green, BM AF Cabral, RJ Galavotti, C Stark, MJ Gargiullo, PM Semaan, S Adams, J Green, BM TI Psychosocial factors associated with stage of change for contraceptive use among women at increased risk for HIV and STDs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-INCOME WOMEN; CONDOM-USE; SELF-EFFICACY; DECISIONAL BALANCE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; AIDS-PREVENTION; CONSISTENT USE; YOUNG-WOMEN AB This study assessed the psychosocial factors associated with contraceptive use among inner-city women at risk for HIV/STDs by using the transtheoretical model of behavior change. The five-city study group of women aged 15 to 34 years was recruited from neighborhoods, social service agencies and shelters (n = 998). We measured stages of change for contraceptive use and assessed theoretically proposed factors associated with being at a higher stage. Variables such as perceived advantages of contraceptive use and normative support for use were very important at early stages, but less important in later stages. However, self-efficacy was important in both early (OR = 1.5) and later (OR = 1.6) stages, suggesting that women's confidence in their ability to initiate and sustain contraceptive use is crucial. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Family Hlth Council Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Family Planning Council, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Cabral, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS K-34,4770 Buford Highway,N-E, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 34 IS 5 BP 959 EP 983 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02579.x PG 25 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 854EC UT WOS:000223882600004 ER PT J AU Thompson, NJ Waterman, MB Sleet, MB AF Thompson, NJ Waterman, MB Sleet, MB TI Using behavioral science to improve fire escape behaviors in response to a smoke alarm (vol 45, pg 179, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Correction C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thompson, NJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 820ZL UT WOS:000221428600016 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Pruckler, J Bibb, W Thanh, NTM Trinh, TM Minh, NT Sivapalasingam, S Gupta, A Phuong, PT Chinh, NT Chau, NV Cam, PD Mintz, ED AF Olsen, SJ Pruckler, J Bibb, W Thanh, NTM Trinh, TM Minh, NT Sivapalasingam, S Gupta, A Phuong, PT Chinh, NT Chau, NV Cam, PD Mintz, ED TI Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid fever SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT SALMONELLA-TYPHI; WIDAL TEST; VIETNAM; URINE; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; AREA AB Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever requires isolation and identification of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. In many areas where this disease is endemic, laboratory capability is limited. Recent advances in molecular immunology have led to the identification of sensitive and specific markers for typhoid fever and technology to manufacture practical and inexpensive kits for their rapid detection. We evaluated three commercial kits for serologic diagnosis of typhoid fever. Patients presenting with ? 4 days of fever were enrolled at two hospitals in Southern Vietnam. Cases were patients with serotype Typhi isolated from blood samples, and controls were patients with other laboratory-confirmed illnesses. Serotype Typhi isolates were confirmed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility at the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City. The Widal test was run at the hospitals and the Pasteur Institute. Sera were shipped frozen to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and tested by using Multi-Test Dip-S-Ticks, TyphiDot, and TUBEX to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG and IgM, and IgM, respectively. Package insert protocol instructions were followed. We enrolled 59 patients and 21 controls. The sensitivity and specificity findings were as follows: 89 and 53% for Multi-Test Dip-S-Ticks, 79 and 89% for TyphiDot, 78 and 89% for TUBEX, and 64 and 76% for Widal testing in hospitals and 61% and 100% for Widal testing at the Pasteur Institute. For all assays, the sensitivity was highest in the second week of illness. The Widal test was insensitive and displayed interoperator variability. Two rapid kits, TyphiDot and TUBEX, demonstrated promising results. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Hosp Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Cai Lay Med Ctr, Cai Lay, Vietnam. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Mintz, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM edm1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1885 EP 1889 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.5.1885-1889.2004 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820XU UT WOS:000221424100004 PM 15131144 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JR Parrenas, R Ortiz-Rivera, M Gheesling, L Brenner, F Fields, PI AF McQuiston, JR Parrenas, R Ortiz-Rivera, M Gheesling, L Brenner, F Fields, PI TI Sequencing and comparative analysis of flagellin genes fliC, fljB, and flpA from Salmonella SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATIONAL SWITCH; COVALENT STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR ANALYSES; TYPHI; NOMENCLATURE; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; ENTERICA; SEROVAR; STRAINS AB Salmonella isolates have traditionally been classified by serotyping, the serologic identification of two surface antigens, O-polysaccharide and flagellin protein. Serotyping has been of great value in understanding the epidemiology of Salmonella and investigating disease outbreaks; however, production and quality control of the hundreds of antisera required for serotyping is difficult and time-consuming. To circumvent the problems associated with antiserum production, we began the development of a system for determination of serotype in Salmonella based on DNA markers. To identify flagellar antigen-specific sequences, we sequenced 280 alleles of the three genes that are known to encode flagellin in Salmonella, fliC, fljB, and flpA, representing 67 flagellar antigen types. Analysis of the data indicated that the sequences from fliC, fljB, and flpA clustered by the antigen (s) they encode not by locus. The sequences grouped into four clusters based on their conserved regions. Three of the four clusters included multiple flagellar antigen types and were designated the G complex, the Z4 complex, and the a cluster. The fourth cluster contained a single antigen type, H:z(29). The amino acid sequences of the conserved regions within each cluster have greater than 95% amino acid identity, whereas the conserved regions differ substantially between clusters (75 to 85% identity). Substantial sequence heterogeneity existed between alleles encoding different flagellar antigens while alleles encoding the same flagellar antigen were homologous, suggesting that flagellin genes may be useful targets for the molecular determination of flagellar antigen type. C1 CDCP, Natl Salmonella Ref Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McQuiston, JR (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Salmonella Ref Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS-C03,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zje8@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1923 EP 1932 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.5.1923-1932.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820XU UT WOS:000221424100010 PM 15131150 ER PT J AU Olson, VA Laue, T Laker, MT Babkin, IV Drosten, C Shchelkunov, SN Niedrig, M Damon, IK Meyer, H AF Olson, VA Laue, T Laker, MT Babkin, IV Drosten, C Shchelkunov, SN Niedrig, M Damon, IK Meyer, H TI Real-time PCR system for detection of orthopoxviruses and simultaneous identification of smallpox virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME DNA-SEQUENCES; HUMAN MONKEYPOX; DIFFERENTIATION; BIOTERRORISM; POLYMORPHISM; PROTEIN; ASSAY; GENE AB A screening assay for real-time LightCycler (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany) PCR identification of smallpox virus DNA was developed and compiled in a kit system under good manufacturing practice conditions with standardized reagents. In search of a sequence region unique to smallpox virus, the nucleotide sequence of the 14-kDa fusion protein gene of each of 14 variola virus isolates of the Russian World Health Organization smallpox virus repository was determined and compared to published sequences. PCR primers were designed to detect all Eurasian-African species of the genus Orthopoxvirus. A single nucleotide mismatch resulting in a unique amino acid substitution in smallpox virus was used to design a hybridization probe pair with a specific sensor probe that allows reliable differentiation of smallpox virus from other orthopoxviruses by melting-curve analysis. The applicability was demonstrated by successful amplification of 120 strains belonging to the orthopoxvirus species variola, vaccinia, camelpox, mousepox, cowpox, and monkeypox virus. The melting temperatures (T(m)s) determined for 46 strains of variola virus (T(m)s, 55.9 to 57.8degreesC) differed significantly (P = 0.005) from those obtained for 11 strains of vaccinia virus (T(m)s, 61.7 to 62.7degreesC), 15 strains of monkeypox virus (T(m)s, 61.9 to 62.2degreesC), 40 strains of cowpox virus (T(m)s, 61.3 to 63.7degreesC), 8 strains of mousepox virus (T-m, 61.9degreesC), and 8 strains of camelpox virus (T(m)s, 64.0 to 65.0degreesC). As most of the smallpox virus samples were derived from infected cell cultures and tissues, smallpox virus DNA could be detected in a background of human DNA. By applying probit regression analysis, the analytical sensitivity was determined to be 4 copies of smallpox virus target DNA per sample. The DNAs of several human herpesviruses as well as poxviruses other than orthopoxviruses were not detected by this method. The assay proved to be a reliable technique for the detection of orthopoxviruses, with the advantage that it can simultaneously identify variola virus. C1 Inst Mikrobiol Bundeswehr, D-80937 Munich, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxirus Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Artus Biotech, Hamburg, Germany. Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol, Koltsov, Russia. RP Meyer, H (reprint author), Inst Mikrobiol Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstr 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany. EM hermann1meyer@bundeswehr.org RI Babkin, Igor/R-1598-2016 NR 27 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1940 EP 1946 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.5.1940-1946.2004 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820XU UT WOS:000221424100012 PM 15131152 ER PT J AU Frade, JP Warnock, DW Arthington-Skaggs, BA AF Frade, JP Warnock, DW Arthington-Skaggs, BA TI Rapid quantification of drug resistance gene expression in Candida albicans by reverse transcriptase LightCycler PCR and fluorescent probe hybridization SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR; FLUCONAZOLE RESISTANCE; MESSENGER-RNA; DNA AMPLIFICATION; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; MECHANISMS; MODEL; SYSTEM; CURVES AB We developed a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible assay to quantify Candida albicans ACT1, CDR1, CDR2, ERG1, and MDR1 mRNA using a two-step reverse transcription and LightCycler real-time PCR (RT-LightCycler PCR) method with sequence-specific hybridization probes. We compared RT-LightCycler PCR with Northern hybridization for quantitative analysis of gene expression in isolates with various fluconazole susceptibilities. Specificity of each LightCycler PCR was verified by LightCycler melting curve analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified products. Correlation of quantification results between RT-LightCycler PCR and Northern hybridization yielded correlation coefficients of greater than or equal to0.91 for all genes except MDR1 (0.74). In this case, reduced correlation was due to the inability of Northern hybridization to accurately quantify the high MDR1 expression in a susceptible dose-dependent isolate which was shown by RT-LightCycler PCR to overexpress MDR1 >200-fold relative to the other isolates tested. In four isolates, low levels of CDR2 mRNA were detected by RT-LightCycler PCR but were undetectable by Northern hybridization. mRNA quantification by RT-LightCycler PCR correlates with Northern hybridization and offers additional advantages, including increased sensitivity and speed of analysis, along with lower RNA concentration requirements and an increased dynamic range of signal detection. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Lisbon, Fac Pharm, Dept Microbiol, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Arthington-Skaggs, BA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bskaggs@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 2085 EP 2093 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.5.2085-2093.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820XU UT WOS:000221424100034 PM 15131174 ER PT J AU Diekema, DJ Lee, K Raney, P Herwaldt, LA Doern, GV Tenover, FC AF Diekema, DJ Lee, K Raney, P Herwaldt, LA Doern, GV Tenover, FC TI Accuracy and appropriateness of antimicrobial susceptibility test reporting for bacteria isolated from blood cultures SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB Accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and appropriate reporting of AST results for pathogens isolated from blood cultures are critical functions of the microbiology laboratory. We studied AST performance and reporting from positive blood cultures at hospital microbiology laboratories in Iowa. One hundred sixteen episodes of bacteremia from 14 participating hospitals were examined. We detected AST or identification errors for 18 episodes (16%) and judged reporting of AST results to be inappropriate for 38 episodes (33%). Further study is necessary to determine the impact of testing errors and suboptimal reporting of results on the management of bloodstream infection. C1 Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Div Med Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Diekema, DJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp, C 521 GH,200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM daniel-diekema@uiowa.edu OI Diekema, Daniel/0000-0003-1273-0724 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU715091-03-3] NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 2258 EP 2260 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.5.2258-2260.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820XU UT WOS:000221424100066 PM 15131206 ER PT J AU Bacon, RM Pilgard, MA Johnson, BJB Raffel, SJ Schwan, TG AF Bacon, RM Pilgard, MA Johnson, BJB Raffel, SJ Schwan, TG TI Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase gene (glpQ) of Borrelia lonestari identified as a target for differentiating Borrelia species associated with hard ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; RELAPSING FEVER; RASH ILLNESS; AGENT; DNA AB A glpQ ortholog was identified in DNA from Borrelia lonestari-positive Amblyomma americanum, providing further evidence that B. lonestari is more closely related to the relapsing fever group spirochetes than to borreliae that cause Lyme disease. This finding provides a basis for developing diagnostic assays to differentiate species of borrelia transmitted by hard ticks. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Lab Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. RP Bacon, RM (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DVBID, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM rbacon@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 2326 EP 2328 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.5.2326-2328.2004 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820XU UT WOS:000221424100085 PM 15131225 ER PT J AU Qari, S Heneine, W Hellmann, N Bacheler, L AF Qari, S Heneine, W Hellmann, N Bacheler, L TI Weak agreement between Antivirogram and PhenoSense assays in predicting reduced susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs - Reply SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ViroLog Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. Virco Lab Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Qari, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 2354 EP 2354 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820XU UT WOS:000221424100095 ER PT J AU Kucerova, Z Moura, H Visvesvara, GS Leitch, GJ AF Kucerova, Z Moura, H Visvesvara, GS Leitch, GJ TI Differences between Brachiola (Nosema) algerae isolates of human and insect origin when tested using an in vitro spore germination assay and a cultured cell infection assay SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brachiola algerae; human isolate; infection; insect isolate; in vitro culture; microsporidia; spore germination; ultrastructure ID ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM; MOSQUITO PARASITE; MICROSPORIDIA; PATIENT; EXTRUSION; PROTOZOA; AIDS AB Brachiola (Nosema) algerae is a microsporidian species generally believed to be an intracellular parasite of insects, especially mosquitoes. However, both mosquito and human isolates have been shown to infect mammalian cells. The present study was undertaken to determine if spores of two insect and two human isolates of B. algerae cultured at 30 degreesC and 37 degreesC differed in their ability to germinate and infect cultured green monkey kidney cells at these two temperatures. Spores from all four isolates exhibited an optimum pH of 9.5 for germination. Mercury (Hg2+) inhibited germination of all isolates equally. Germination of spores from all four isolates was significantly greater when the parasite was cultured at 30 degreesC than when cultured at 37 degreesC. However, spores from the insect isolates cultivated at 30 degreesC or 37 degreesC infected significantly fewer mammalian cells at 37 degreesC than did spores from the human isolates under the same conditions. Thus, there is no correlation between the effects of temperature on the germination and the infectivity of an isolate. In addition, while exposure of B. algerae to 37 degreesC has been reported to cause spore dysmorphism, we failed to observe any consistent ultrastructural changes that explained the greater infectivity of the human isolates at 37 degreesC. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30321 USA. RP Leitch, GJ (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 720 Westview Dr Sw, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM leitch@bmsm.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00577.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 826OK UT WOS:000221838200011 PM 15218704 ER PT J AU Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Weerasekera, G Whitehead, RD Fernandez, C Needham, LL Bradman, A Barr, DB AF Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Weerasekera, G Whitehead, RD Fernandez, C Needham, LL Bradman, A Barr, DB TI Measurement of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in human urine using lyophilization with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution quantification SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dialkylphosphate; organophosphorus pesticide; urine; mass spectrometry ID CENTRAL WASHINGTON-STATE; DIALKYLPHOSPHATE METABOLITES; GENERAL-POPULATION; MANUAL OPERATIONS; ALKYL PHOSPHATES; HUMAN EXPOSURE; INSECTICIDES; CHILDREN; ALKYLPHOSPHATES; BIOMARKERS AB Urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites have been used to estimate human exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. We developed a method for quantifying the six DAP urinary metabolites of at least 28 organophosphorus pesticides using lyophilization and chemical derivatization followed by analysis using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Urine samples were spiked with stable isotope analogues of the DAPs and the water was removed from the samples using a lyophilizer. The dried residue was dissolved in acetonitrile and diethyl ether, and the DAPs were chemically derivatized to their respective chloropropyl phosphate esters. The chloropropyl phosphate esters were concentrated, and analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The limits of detection of the method were in the low mug/l (parts per billion) to mid pg/ml range (parts per trillion) with coefficients of variation of 7-14%. The use of stable isotope analogues as internal standards for each of these metabolites allows for sample-specific adjustment for recovery and thus permits a high degree of accuracy and precision. Use of this method with approximately 1100 urine samples collected from pregnant women and children indicate that the low limits of detection allow this method to be used in general population studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlb1@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01ES09605-02] NR 41 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500322 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 820IS UT WOS:000221382200007 PM 15141154 ER PT J AU Baggett, HC Hennessy, TW Rudolph, K Bruden, D Reasonover, A Parkinson, A Sparks, R Donlan, RM Martinez, P Mongkolrattanothai, K Butler, JC AF Baggett, HC Hennessy, TW Rudolph, K Bruden, D Reasonover, A Parkinson, A Sparks, R Donlan, RM Martinez, P Mongkolrattanothai, K Butler, JC TI Community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with antibiotic use and the cytotoxin Panton-Valentine leukocidin during a furunculosis outbreak in rural Alaska SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID RISK-FACTORS; SKIN INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AUSTRALIA; CASSETTE; BIOFILMS; STRAINS AB Background. Community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CO-MRSA) reports are increasing and infections often involve soft tissue. During a CO-MRSA skin infection outbreak in Alaska, we assessed risk factors for disease and whether a virulence factor, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), could account for the high rates of MRSA skin infection in this region. Methods. We conducted S. aureus surveillance in the Outbreak region and a case-control study in I community, comparing 34 case patients with MRSA skin infection with 94 control subjects. Ail assessment of traditional saunas was performed. S. aureus isolates from regional surveillance were screened for PVL genes by Use Of polymerase chain reaction, and isolate relatedness was determined by Use Of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results. Case patients received more antibiotic courses during the 12 months before the Outbreak than did control SLibjccts (inedian, 4 vs. 2 courses; P =.01) and were more likely to Use MRSA-colonized saunas than were control subjects (44% vs. 13%; age-adjusted odds ratio, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-12). The PVL genes were present in 110 (97%) of 113 MRSA isolates, compared with 0 of 81 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates (P < .001). The majority of MRSA isolates were closely related by PFGE. Conclusion. Selective antibiotic pressure for drug-resistant strains carrying PVL may have led to the emergence and spread of CO-MRSA in rural Alaska. C1 CDCP, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Chicago, Sect Pediat Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), CDCP, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM thennessy@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 178 Z9 186 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 9 BP 1565 EP 1573 DI 10.1086/383247 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BX UT WOS:000220951300003 PM 15116291 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR TI Secular trends in hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile disease in the United States, 1987-2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We reviewed Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) data from the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital-wide surveillance components of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System hospitals during 1987-2001. ICU CDAD rates increased significantly only in hospitals with >500 beds (P<.01) and correlated with the duration of ICU stay (r = 0.82; P<.05). Hospital-wide (non-ICU) rates increased only in hospitals with <250 beds (P<.01) and in general medicine patients versus surgery patients (P<.0001). CDAD predominated in general hospitals versus other facility types, and rates were significantly higher during winter versus nonwinter months (P<.01). Thus, prevention efforts should be targeted to high-risk groups in these settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Regenerat Technol, POB 2650,11621 Res Cir, Alachua, FL 32616 USA. EM larchibald@rtix.com NR 14 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 9 BP 1585 EP 1589 DI 10.1086/383045 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BX UT WOS:000220951300005 PM 15116293 ER PT J AU Larsen, HH Huang, L Kovacs, JA Crothers, K Silcott, VA Morris, A Turner, JR Beard, CB Masur, H Fischer, SH AF Larsen, HH Huang, L Kovacs, JA Crothers, K Silcott, VA Morris, A Turner, JR Beard, CB Masur, H Fischer, SH TI A prospective, blinded study of quantitative touch-down polymerase chain reaction using oral-wash samples for diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 14-17, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL ID TIME PCR ASSAY; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; SPUTUM AB Oral-wash samples obtained during 113 episodes of suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients were tested by use of a quantitative touch-down PCR (QTD PCR) assay. QTD PCR had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 85%. Treatment for PCP prior to oral wash collection had an impact on the sensitivity, and PCR-positive oral-wash samples obtained within less than or equal to1 day of treatment from patients without PCP had significantly fewer copies per tube than did those from patients with PCP; thus, application of a post hoc cut-off value of 50 copies/tube increased the specificity to 100%. QTD PCR of oral-wash samples can be an accurate and noninvasive method for diagnosis of PCP. C1 Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Copenhagen HIV Programme, Dept 044, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. NIH, Dept Lab Med, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Dept Crit Care, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Larsen, HH (reprint author), Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Copenhagen HIV Programme, Dept 044, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. EM hhl@cphiv.dk NR 15 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 9 BP 1679 EP 1683 DI 10.1086/383322 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BX UT WOS:000220951300017 PM 15116305 ER PT J AU Amornkul, PN Takahashi, H Bogard, AK Nakata, M Harpaz, R Effler, PV AF Amornkul, PN Takahashi, H Bogard, AK Nakata, M Harpaz, R Effler, PV TI Low risk of measles transmission after exposure on an international airline flight SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; OUTBREAK; TRAVEL AB In May 2000, a passenger with measles traveled aboard a 7-hour flight from Japan to Hawaii. A follow-up survey was sent to 307 (91%) of the 336 exposed passengers to identify susceptible passengers and subsequent occurrences of measles. The median age of the 276 respondents (90%) was 34 years; 268 (97%) were residents of Japan. Self-reports determined that 173 (63%) were immune through prior measles or vaccination; 6 (2%) denied a history of prior measles or immunization, and 97 (35%) were unaware of their status. Only 1 nonimmune respondent received immunoprophylaxis. None of the respondents developed a febrile rash illness 7 - 21 days after exposure. The risk of in-flight measles transmission among passenger populations with similar susceptibility profiles appears to be low. An aggressive response by health departments may not be warranted after airborne exposure to measles. Each health department should make such determinations on the basis of specific circumstances and availability of resources. C1 Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Infect Dis Surveillance Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Dept Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Effler, PV (reprint author), Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, 1250 Punchbowl St,Rm 454, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM pveffler@mail.health.state.hi.us NR 11 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S81 EP S85 DI 10.1086/377698 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400013 PM 15106094 ER PT J AU Dine, MS Hutchins, SS Thomas, A Williams, I Bellini, WJ Redd, SC AF Dine, MS Hutchins, SS Thomas, A Williams, I Bellini, WJ Redd, SC TI Persistence of vaccine-induced antibody to measles 26-33 years after vaccination SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th National Immunization Conference CY JUL, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID NEUTRALIZATION TEST; IMMUNITY; REVACCINATION; CHILDREN; FAILURE; VIRUS; IMPACT; RATES; AGE AB Because measles-specific antibody titer after vaccination is lower than after natural infection, there is concern that vaccinated persons may gradually lose protection from measles. To examine the persistence of vaccine-induced antibody, participants of a vaccine study in 1971, with documentation of antibody 1 - 7 years after vaccination, were followed up in 1997 - 1999 to determine the presence and titer of measles antibody. Of the 56 participants (77% were 2-dose recipients), all had antibodies detected by the plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) antibody assay an average of 26 - 33 years after the first or second dose of measles vaccine; 92% had a PRN titer considered protective (>1: 120). Baseline hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer in 1971 strongly predicted follow-up PRN antibody titer (P<.001). Persistence of antibody in these primarily 2-dose recipients supports the current elimination strategy to achieve and sustain high population immunity with a 2-dose schedule. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssh1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S123 EP S130 DI 10.1086/380308 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400020 PM 15106101 ER PT J AU Gay, NJ De Serres, G Farrington, CP Redd, SB Papania, MJ AF Gay, NJ De Serres, G Farrington, CP Redd, SB Papania, MJ TI Assessment of the status of measles elimination from reported outbreaks: United States, 1997-1999 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY SIZE; EXTINCTION; DISEASE AB The status of measles elimination is best summarized by evaluation of the effective reproduction number R; maintaining is necessary and sufficient to achieve elimination. Previously described methods for estimating R from the sizes and durations of chains of measles transmission and the proportion of cases imported were applied to the measles data reported for the United States in 1997 - 1999. These comprised 338 cases, forming 165 chains of transmission, of which 43 had >1 case. One hundred seven cases were classified as importations. All 3 methods suggested that R was in the range 0.6 - 0.7. Results were not sensitive to the minimum size and duration of outbreak considered ( so long as single-case chains were excluded) or to exclusion of chains without a known imported source. These results demonstrate that susceptibility to measles was beneath the epidemic threshold and that endemic transmission was eliminated. C1 Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, Modeling & Econ Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy, London NW9 5EQ, England. Open Univ, Dept Stat, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Laval, Ctr Hosp Univ Laval Res Ctr, Publ Hlth Res Unit, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Univ Laval, Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gay, NJ (reprint author), Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, Modeling & Econ Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, England. EM nigel.gay@hpa.org.uk NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S36 EP S42 DI 10.1086/377695 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400006 PM 15106087 ER PT J AU Gindler, J Tinker, S Markowitz, L Atkinson, W Dales, L Papania, MJ AF Gindler, J Tinker, S Markowitz, L Atkinson, W Dales, L Papania, MJ TI Acute measles mortality in the United States, 1987-2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; COMPLICATIONS; COMPLETENESS AB We used capture-recapture methodology to estimate total deaths and efficiency of reporting for 2 systems. During 1987 - 1992, there were 165 measles-associated deaths in the multiple-cause mortality database at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and 184 reported to the measles surveillance system at the National Immunization Program ( NIP). We estimated that 259 measles deaths actually occurred; the reporting efficiencies were 64% for the NCHS and 71% for the NIP. Overall the death-to-case ratio was 2.54 and 2.83 deaths/1000 reported cases, using the NCHS and NIP data, respectively. Pneumonia was a complication among 67% of measles-related deaths in the NCHS data and 86% of deaths in the NIP data. Encephalitis was reported in 11% of deaths in both databases. Preexisting conditions related to immune deficiency were reported for 16% of deaths in the NCHS system and 14% in the NIP; the most common was human immunodeficiency virus infection. Overall, 90% of deaths reported to the NIP occurred in persons who had not been vaccinated against measles. During 1993 - 1999, only 1 acute measles-related death was reported to the NCHS and no deaths were reported to the NIP. This is consistent with the extremely low reported incidence of measles in the United States during these years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STB & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Papania, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpapania@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S69 EP S77 DI 10.1086/378565 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400011 PM 15106092 ER PT J AU Guris, D Harpaz, R Redd, SB Smith, NJ Papania, MJ AF Guris, D Harpaz, R Redd, SB Smith, NJ Papania, MJ TI Measles surveillance in the United States: An overview SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The elimination of endemic measles from the United States has been a national goal since the introduction of measles vaccine, and measles surveillance has been crucial to guide the elimination efforts. The United States surveillance system is geared towards detection of measles virus transmission, rapid discovery of measles outbreaks to facilitate outbreak control, and identification of risk factors for measles. The surveillance system is a passive reporting system that, when activated by a reported case of suspected measles, triggers a search for additional cases around the reported case. Cases are typically reported by health care providers or from schools and day care centers. The sensitivity of the system is increased through reporting and investigation of all suspected measles cases by means of an inclusive case definition (generalized maculopapular rash and fever), and the specificity is increased through laboratory testing for measles of all suspected cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Guris, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dhm5@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S177 EP S184 DI 10.1086/374606 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400027 PM 15106108 ER PT J AU Harpaz, R Papania, MJ Fujii, KE Redd, SB Wharton, ME Redd, SC Gindler, J AF Harpaz, R Papania, MJ Fujii, KE Redd, SB Wharton, ME Redd, SC Gindler, J TI Lessons learned from establishing and evaluating indicators of the quality of measles surveillance in the United States, 1996-1998 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB As part of a strategy to eliminate measles, 7 indicators were adopted in the United States in 1996 to ensure the quality of measles surveillance. This report summarizes the US experience with these indicators during 1996-1998. The indicators are compiled from data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during routine surveillance supplemented with information collected directly from states. Measles case investigations are generally thorough, and sufficient information is collected to control and monitor disease. A high proportion of measles cases are imported from other countries, suggesting that investigations are complete. For some states, the lag from disease onset to reporting is long, and the number of health department investigations of measleslike illnesses is low. Most of these investigations include laboratory testing of clinical specimens. Collection of measles virus specimens from cases for genetic analysis needs improvement. The CDC and health departments need to continue efforts directed at health care professionals to ensure the recognition, proper diagnostic workup, and reporting of measles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harpaz, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rzh6@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S196 EP S203 DI 10.1086/381127 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400030 PM 15106111 ER PT J AU Harpaz, R AF Harpaz, R TI Completeness of measles case reporting: Review of estimates for the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; LOS-ANGELES; VACCINE; LABORATORIES; EFFICIENCY; VERMONT; CITY AB Measles surveillance is complex: the patient must seek health care, the diagnosis must be recognized by the physician, and the case must be reported to health departments. The portion of total ( incident) measles cases that is reported to health departments is termed "completeness of reporting." Few studies describe this measure of the quality of surveillance in the United States; these studies use different methods, but they are all limited because the actual number of measles cases needed to derive completeness of reporting could not be determined. Estimates of completeness of reporting from the 1980s and 1990s vary widely, from 3% to 58%. One study suggests that 85% of patients with measles sought health care, the proportion of compatible illnesses for which measles was considered varied from 13% to 75%, and the proportion of suspected cases that were reported varied from 22% to 67%. Few cases were laboratory-confirmed, but all were reported. Surveillance in the United States is responsive, and its sensitivity likely increases when measles is circulating. Continued efforts to reinforce the clinical recognition and reporting of measles cases are warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harpaz, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rzh6@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S185 EP S190 DI 10.1086/378501 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400028 PM 15106109 ER PT J AU Harpaz, R Papania, MJ McCauley, MM Redd, SB AF Harpaz, R Papania, MJ McCauley, MM Redd, SB TI Has surveillance been adequate to detect endemic measles in the United States? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Evidence that endemic measles has been eliminated in the United States rests on the performance of the surveillance system. Information from national surveillance data allows us to evaluate the adequacy of national surveillance to detect the circulation of endemic measles. Sources of data include measles report dates, international importation status, and the size of chains of measles transmission. The proportion of chains of measles transmission that can be epidemiologically linked to international importations is high (62%), as would be expected if measles is no longer circulating; the number of imported cases, although lower than estimated expected values, is within a reasonable range of expectation. National surveillance detects even small outbreaks, so larger outbreaks that are the marker for endemic transmission would almost certainly be detected. Few unreported cases of measles are detected when health departments conduct careful investigations in response to reports of an index case. Surveillance appears to be adequate to support the contention that measles is no longer endemic in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harpaz, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rzh6@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S191 EP S195 DI 10.1086/381126 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400029 PM 15106110 ER PT J AU Harpaz, R Papania, MJ AF Harpaz, R Papania, MJ TI Can a minimum rate of investigation of measleslike illnesses serve as a standard for evaluating measles surveillance? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; ERADICATION; AMERICA; POLIOMYELITIS AB To determine whether measles case finding is sensitive, we developed a standard by which to evaluate measles surveillance. We compiled data on the incidence of measleslike illnesses (MLIs) from multiple, diverse sources and used the distribution of these values to determine the minimum level of measles case-finding activity that could be expected in a given region. Among surveillance programs in the United States, other countries in the Americas, and other World Health Organization regions, the median annual rates for rash investigations that were ruled out for measles were 4.3, 4.1, and 1.8/100,000 population, respectively. The annual rates of measles IgM testing in the United States in public laboratories and commercial laboratories were 1.6 and 9.2/100,000 population, respectively. In total, we collected data on annual MLI incidence from 180 sources. Values ranged from 0.1 to 22.6 cases of MLI per 100,000 population, and 90% of values were greater than or equal to1.0/100,000 population. On the basis of these findings, we propose that programs attempting measles elimination consider evaluating surveillance by comparing the annual rate of suspected measles investigations against a minimum standard of 1/100,000 population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harpaz, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rzh6@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S204 EP S209 DI 10.1086/378776 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400031 PM 15106112 ER PT J AU Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Papania, MJ AF Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Papania, MJ TI Evolution of measles elimination strategies in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUSES; IMPACT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; ERADICATION; COVERAGE; DISEASES; PROGRAM AB There have been 3 efforts to eliminate measles from the United States since the introduction of measles vaccine in 1963. To date, 10 major lessons have been learned from elimination efforts. First, elimination requires very high vaccination-coverage levels by age 2 years. Second, school immunization requirements ensure high coverage rates among schoolchildren. Third, a second dose of measles vaccine is needed to achieve satisfactory levels of immunity. Fourth, school immunization requirements can also ensure delivery of a second dose. Fifth, coverage assessment is crucial. Sixth, measles surveillance is critical for developing, evaluating, and refining elimination strategies. Seventh, surveillance requires laboratory backup to confirm a diagnosis. Eighth, tracking measles virus genotypes is critical to determining if an endemic strain is circulating. Ninth, once endemic transmission has been interrupted, internationally imported measles cases will continue and will cause small outbreaks. Tenth, collaborative efforts with other countries are essential to reduce imported measles cases. C1 Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hinman, AR (reprint author), Task Force Child Survival & Dev, 750 Commerce Dr,Suite 400, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM ahinman@taskforce.org NR 29 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S17 EP S22 DI 10.1086/377694 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400003 PM 15106084 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SS Papania, MJ Amler, R Maes, EF Grabowsky, M Bromberg, K Glasglow, V Speed, T Bellini, WJ Orenstein, WA AF Hutchins, SS Papania, MJ Amler, R Maes, EF Grabowsky, M Bromberg, K Glasglow, V Speed, T Bellini, WJ Orenstein, WA TI Evaluation of the measles clinical case definition SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; AMERICA AB An accurate system of identifying and classifying suspected measles cases is critical for the measles surveillance system in the United States. To examine the performance of the clinical case definition in predicting laboratory confirmation of suspected cases of measles, we reviewed 4 studies conducted between 1981 and 1994. A clinical case definition was examined that included a generalized maculopapular rash, fever (greater than or equal to38.3degreesC, if measured), and either a cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis. Serological confirmation of measles was done either by hemagglutination inhibition assay, complement fixation assay, or enzyme immunoassays. The positive predictive value of the clinical case definition decreased from 74% to 1% as incidence decreased from 171 cases/100,000 population to 1.3 cases/100,000 population. Sensitivity was high, and for the larger studies with the most precise estimates, sensitivity was 76%-88%. The low positive predictive value of the clinical case definition in settings of low incidence demonstrates that serological confirmation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis of measles when measles is rare. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Morehouse Coll, Project IMHOTEP, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Off Childrens Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Caribbean Epidemiol Res Ctr, Lab Serv, Port Of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssh1@cdc.gov RI Speed, Terence /B-8085-2009; OI Speed, Terence /0000-0002-5403-7998; Hutchins, Sonja/0000-0002-7557-1006 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S153 EP S159 DI 10.1086/379652 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400023 PM 15106104 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SS Jiles, R Bernier, R AF Hutchins, SS Jiles, R Bernier, R TI Elimination of measles and of disparities in measles childhood vaccine coverage among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN PROGRAM; IMMUNIZATION AB The gap in measles vaccine coverage between white and nonwhite children was as large as 18% in 1970. During the measles epidemic of 1989-1991, attack rates among nonwhite children ! 5 years of age were 4- to 7-fold higher than rates among white children. Because of the epidemic and of the known disparity in vaccine coverage and risk of disease, a dual strategy to eliminate measles in the United States was implemented: universal interventions likely to reach the majority of children and targeted interventions more likely to reach nonwhite children. In 1992, the gap in coverage between white and nonwhite children was reduced to 6% ( from 15% in 1985); the risk of disease among nonwhite children was narrowed to less than or equal to4-fold the risk of white children. During the 1990s, further implementation of the dual strategy resulted in narrowing the gap in vaccine coverage to 2% and elimination of endemic disease in all racial and ethnic populations. This dual strategy deserves close scrutiny by health professionals and policy makers in devising programs to meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives for the elimination of other health disparities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssh1@cdc.gov OI Hutchins, Sonja/0000-0002-7557-1006 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S146 EP S152 DI 10.1086/379651 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400022 PM 15106103 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SS Baughman, AL Orr, M Haley, C Hadler, S AF Hutchins, SS Baughman, AL Orr, M Haley, C Hadler, S TI Vaccination levels associated with lack of measles transmission among preschool-aged populations in the United States, 1989-1991 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL POPULATION; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN; RISK AB Knowledge of the minimum level of vaccination capable of preventing measles transmission in an age group is helpful for establishing program targets for measles elimination. In 1990, during the measles resurgence in the United States, one-half of cases occurred in children aged ! 5 years. Although estimated population immunity among persons greater than or equal to 6 years of age was 93%, immunity was lower and varied widely among preschool-aged children. To examine the association of vaccine coverage at 2 years of age and measles incidence among preschool-aged children, we analyzed ecological studies of measles incidence in Milwaukee ( Wisconsin) census tracts, Dallas ( Texas) ZIP code areas, and selected cities during the 1989 - 1991 measles resurgence. In each study area, measles incidence decreased rapidly with increasing measles vaccine coverage and became low or negligible when coverage was greater than or equal to80%. Regression analysis also suggested that measles would not be transmitted when vaccine coverage was at least 79%. A minimum vaccine coverage of similar to80% at the second birthday in census tracts, ZIP code areas, and cities in the United States may be sufficient to prevent measles transmission among preschool-aged children if population immunity is greater than or equal to93% among persons greater than or equal to6 years of age. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dallas Cty Hlth Dept, Dallas, TX USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssh1@cdc.gov OI Hutchins, Sonja/0000-0002-7557-1006 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S108 EP S115 DI 10.1086/380307 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400018 PM 15106099 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SS Bellini, WJ Coronado, V Jiles, R Wooten, K Deladisma, A AF Hutchins, SS Bellini, WJ Coronado, V Jiles, R Wooten, K Deladisma, A TI Population immunity to measles in the United States, 1999 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Measles Elimination CY MAR 16-17, 2000 CL Atlanta, GA AB To estimate population immunity, we examined measles immunity among residents of the United States in 1999 from serological and vaccine coverage surveys. For persons aged greater than or equal to 20 years, serological data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( 1988 - 1994) were used. For persons ! 20 years of age, immunity was estimated from results of the National Immunization Survey ( 1994 - 1998), state surveys of school entrants ( 1990 - 2000), and vaccine coverage surveys of adolescents ( 1997). To estimate immunity from vaccine coverage data, 95% vaccine efficacy was used for recipients of a single dose at greater than or equal to 12 years of age and 99% vaccine efficacy was used for those with failure of a first dose who were revaccinated. Overall, calculated population immunity was found to be 93%. Although there was not much variation in immunity by region and state, in some large urban centers immunity among preschool-aged children was as low as 86%. Overall, geographic- and age-specific estimates of a high population immunity support the epidemiological evidence that measles disease is no longer endemic in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Informat Ctr, Mail Stop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssh1@cdc.gov OI Hutchins, Sonja/0000-0002-7557-1006 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S91 EP S97 DI 10.1086/377713 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400015 PM 15106096 ER PT J AU Kolasa, M Alexopoulos, N Diaz, P Kellachan, J Lowrey, MJ Shelton, B Harpaz, R Papania, MJ AF Kolasa, M Alexopoulos, N Diaz, P Kellachan, J Lowrey, MJ Shelton, B Harpaz, R Papania, MJ TI Measles surveillance in 5 major US cities: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Endemic measles, if it occurs in the United States, will likely be found in cities, because large populations are required to sustain transmission and importations of measles virus are most frequent in cities. We investigated measles surveillance systems in 5 cities ( Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City) during 1995-1999. The passive reporting of a measles case activated the systems to look for more cases and to intervene to prevent more cases. During 1995-1999, 1363 suspected measles cases were investigated. Only 58 of these were confirmed as measles (0.24 cases/100,000 people), and the majority (57%) of confirmed cases were imported or linked to an importation. Most (83%) suspected cases that met the case definition had a complete case investigation, including a laboratory test for measles. We conclude that surveillance in these 5 cities shows no evidence of endemic measles transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Houston Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Houston, TX USA. Miami Dept Hlth, Miami, FL USA. RP Kolasa, M (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkolasa@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S216 EP S221 DI 10.1086/377717 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400033 PM 15106114 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MS Klemperer-Johnson, S Papania, MJ AF Kolasa, MS Klemperer-Johnson, S Papania, MJ TI Progress toward implementation of a second-dose measles immunization requirement for all schoolchildren in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; REVACCINATION; OUTBREAKS; CHILDREN AB In 1998, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that states ensure that all children in grades kindergarten through 12 receive 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine by 2001. In 2000, the National Immunization Program surveyed states, the District of Columbia, and United States territories, commonwealths, and protectorates to assess progress toward this goal. Almost all respondents ( 53 [98%] of 54) reported a second-dose requirement for entry to elementary school, middle school, or both. By fall of 2001, most (82%) school-aged children in the United States were in grades requiring a second dose of measles vaccine. For 29 responding programs, the requirement did not yet affect all grades. By 2009, 52 of 54 responding programs will require a second dose for all grades. Although not all states have achieved coverage of all schoolchildren with 2 doses of MMR vaccine, most states are well on their way toward this goal. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kolasa, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mxk2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S98 EP S103 DI 10.1086/374720 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400016 PM 15106097 ER PT J AU Lee, B Ying, M Papania, MJ Stevenson, J Seward, JF Hutchins, SS AF Lee, B Ying, M Papania, MJ Stevenson, J Seward, JF Hutchins, SS TI Measles hospitalizations, United States, 1985-2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REPORTING EFFICIENCY; LOS-ANGELES; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIC; CITY AB Cases of measles that require hospitalization are a good marker of the burden of clinically severe measles in the United States. Measles hospitalizations routinely are monitored by the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS). Our objectives were to describe measles hospitalizations reported to the NNDSS in 1985-2002, to use hospital discharge data from independent data sets (the National Hospital Discharge Survey [NHDS] [data available for 1985-1999] and the Health Care Investment Analysts [HCIA] hospital discharge database [data available for 1985-1996]) to provide additional estimates of total measles hospitalizations, and to compare trends in measles-associated hospitalizations. In 1985-2002, a total of 13,621 patients with measles reported to the NNDSS were hospitalized ( annual average, 757; range, 19-5856 patients). In 1985-1996, a total of 13,472 measles hospitalizations were reported from NNDSS, compared with 28,047 estimated from the NHDS and 19,352 extrapolated from HCIA data. In the NNDSS, the annual total number declined after 1992 to less than or equal to45 measles hospitalizations per year; this trend was closely paralleled by both the NHDS and the HCIA data. We demonstrate a decline in reported measles hospitalizations since the 1989 1991 measles resurgence, with the lowest numbers ever reported in the NNDSS. These numbers are corroborated by the very low numbers of measles hospitalizations in the NHDS and HCIA data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssh1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S210 EP S215 DI 10.1086/381555 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400032 PM 15106113 ER PT J AU Lievano, FA Papania, MJ Helfand, RF Harpaz, R Walls, L Katz, RS Williams, I Villamarzo, YS Rota, PA Bellini, WJ AF Lievano, FA Papania, MJ Helfand, RF Harpaz, R Walls, L Katz, RS Williams, I Villamarzo, YS Rota, PA Bellini, WJ TI Lack of evidence of measles virus shedding in people with inapparent measles virus infections SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY IMMUNE-RESPONSES; VACCINATED POPULATION; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; ANTIBODY; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN; FAILURE; AFRICA AB Serological evidence of measles virus infection has been detected among people exposed to measles who do not exhibit classical clinical symptoms. Throat swabs, lymphocytes, and serum and urine samples were collected from contacts of individuals with confirmed measles 12-16 days after exposure, during measles outbreaks occurring in 1998. Follow-up serum samples were drawn 2 weeks later. Samples were tested for measles IgM antibody by enzyme immunoassays and plaque reduction neutralization testing. Virus isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing was attempted for all samples. None of the 133 contacts developed classical measles disease; 11 (8%) had serological evidence of infection. Duration of exposure of greater than or equal to3 h was the only significant risk factor for developing serological response (24% vs. 4% among contacts exposed for 1-2 h; relative risk, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-19.2). None of the 133 contacts had virological evidence of infection by culture or polymerase chain reaction. We found no evidence that persons with inapparent measles virus infections shed measles virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Eliminat Activ, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div,Natl Immunizat Progr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lievano, FA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Eliminat Activ, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div,Natl Immunizat Progr, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM flievano@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S165 EP S170 DI 10.1086/377715 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400025 PM 15106106 ER PT J AU Lynn, TV Beller, M Funk, EA Middaugh, JP Ritter, D Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Torok, TJ AF Lynn, TV Beller, M Funk, EA Middaugh, JP Ritter, D Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Torok, TJ TI Incremental effectiveness of 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine compared with 1 dose among high school students during an outbreak SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD; REVACCINATION; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; VIRUSES; POLICY AB A measles outbreak occurred among a highly vaccinated population in Alaska during 1998, providing an opportunity to determine the incremental efficacy of greater than or equal to2 doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) compared with 1 dose. Of 33 confirmed case patients identified, 31 had been vaccinated with 1 dose of MCV, 1 had received 2 doses, and vaccination status was unknown in 1 case. Seventy percent of cases were school-associated; 58% of cases occurred in 2 high schools. Of 3679 students attending the 2 schools, 50.4% and 45.5% had received greater than or equal to2 doses of MCV before measles introduction at the schools. The relative risk of developing measles among persons vaccinated with greater than or equal to2 doses of MCV compared with 1 dose was 0.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.01 - 0.44; P < .001), yielding an estimated incremental vaccine efficacy of 94.1% (95% confidence interval, 55.9% - 99.2%; P < .001). Rapid implementation of a mandatory second-dose MCV requirement probably limited the extent of this outbreak. C1 Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lynn, TV (reprint author), Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, 3601 C St,Ste 540,POB 240249, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. EM tracey_lynn@health.state.ak.us NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S86 EP S90 DI 10.1086/377699 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400014 PM 15106095 ER PT J AU Nordin, JD Harpaz, R Harper, P Rush, W AF Nordin, JD Harpaz, R Harper, P Rush, W TI Syndromic surveillance for measleslike illnesses in a managed care setting SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS; RECORDS AB Surveillance for measles must be enhanced to support the objective of measles elimination in the United States. Many conditions produce febrile rash illnesses that are clinically similar to measles; investigations of measleslike illnesses (MLIs) should occur regardless of the incidence of measles. Few data exist regarding the incidence of MLI in the United States, and it is unknown how providers evaluate patients with such conditions. We searched databases at a large managed care organization to obtain complete ascertainment of MLI during 1994-1998. Among 6,000,000 patient encounters, 68 records were identified that met the study case definition. The incidence of MLI was 4.5 cases/100,000 persons/year. Measles diagnoses were considered by physicians for 9 patients (13.2%); 2 were laboratory-tested and reported to the state health department and the other 7 were given alternative diagnoses. It was not possible to determine for the remaining MLI patients whether measles was ruled out on clinical grounds or whether the possibility was not considered. Provider education regarding evaluation and reporting of measles is warranted. Databases at health care plans can be used to address public health issues and to establish syndromic surveillance for communicable diseases. C1 HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. HealthPartners Med Grp, Dept Pediat, St Paul, MN USA. Reg Family & Community Med Residency Program, St Paul, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nordin, JD (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, 8100 34th Ave S,POB 1524, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. EM james.d.nordin@healthpartners.com NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S222 EP S226 DI 10.1086/378775 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400034 PM 15106115 ER PT J AU Orenstein, WA Papania, MJ Wharton, ME AF Orenstein, WA Papania, MJ Wharton, ME TI Measles elimination in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ERADICATION; MORTALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Papania, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpapania@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S1 EP S3 DI 10.1086/377693 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400001 PM 15106120 ER PT J AU Oster, NV Harpaz, R Redd, SB Papania, MJ AF Oster, NV Harpaz, R Redd, SB Papania, MJ TI International importation of measles virus - United States, 1993-2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB To determine trends in international importations of measles, data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System were analyzed. Of the 2632 measles cases reported between 1993 and 2001, 449 cases (17%) were internationally imported. An additional 186 cases (7%) resulted from spread of measles virus from these imported cases, and 388 cases (15%) had virological evidence of importation. The number of imported cases averaged 50 per year ( range, 26 - 79 cases). The proportion of cases imported increased from an average of 14% in 1993 - 1996 to an average of 35% in 1997 - 2001. Imported measles cases were acquired in 63 countries, with 6 countries ( Japan, Germany, China, the Philippines, Italy, and the United Kingdom) accounting for 44% of all imported cases. Further reduction of measles in the United States requires international cooperation and improved global surveillance and control of measles. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Emory Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oster, NV (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Emory Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Qual, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM noster@sph.emory.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S48 EP S53 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400008 PM 15106089 ER PT J AU Papania, MJ Seward, JF Redd, SB Lievano, F Harpaz, R Wharton, ME AF Papania, MJ Seward, JF Redd, SB Lievano, F Harpaz, R Wharton, ME TI Epidemiology of measles in the United States, 1997-2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB Of the 540 measles cases ( annual incidence, <1/million population) reported during 1997 - 2001 in the United States, 362 (67%) were associated with international importation: 196 imported cases, 138 cases epidemiologically linked to imported cases, and 28 cases associated with an imported measles virus genotype. The remaining 178 (33%) "unknown-source" cases were analyzed as potential evidence of endemic measles transmission. A total of 83 counties (2.6% of the 3140 US counties) in 27 states reported unknown-source cases; 49 counties reported only 1 unknown-source case, and the maximum reported by any county was 10. Nationally, unknown-source cases were reported in 103 of the 260 weeks. The largest unknown-source outbreak included 13 cases and lasted 5 weeks. The rarity of unknown-source cases, wide gaps in geographic and temporal distribution, and the short duration of the longest unknown-source outbreak indicate that endemic transmission of measles was not sustained in the United States during this period. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Papania, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpapania@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S61 EP S68 DI 10.1086/381557 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400010 PM 15106091 ER PT J AU Papania, MJ Orenstein, WA AF Papania, MJ Orenstein, WA TI Defining and assessing measles elimination goals SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ERADICATION AB Although 3 of 6 World Health Organization regions have established measles elimination targets, measles elimination goals are not well defined. In general, disease elimination has been defined as the reduction of incidence in a population to zero. However, measles is so contagious that zero incidence is difficult to achieve and sustain because the risk of imported measles remains while measles is endemic in any country. Also, imported cases will occasionally result in short chains of indigenous transmission unless a country achieves 100% immunity. Therefore, the United States currently uses the absence of endemic measles (i.e., no indigenous chains of transmission persisting for greater than or equal to1 year) as the programmatic goal for measles elimination. To document the absence of endemic measles in the United States, we compiled information on the epidemiology of measles, genotype distribution, population immunity, and adequacy of measles surveillance. A panel of experts, convened in March 2000 to review the data, concluded that measles is no longer endemic in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Papania, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpapania@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S23 EP S26 DI 10.1086/381556 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400004 PM 15106085 ER PT J AU Perry, RT Halsey, NA AF Perry, RT Halsey, NA TI The clinical significance of measles: A review SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; GIANT-CELL PNEUMONIA; VITAMIN-A LEVELS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ALTERED IMMUNE-RESPONSES; NEW-YORK-CITY; YOUNG-ADULTS; FATAL MEASLES; MEDIASTINAL EMPHYSEMA AB Forty years after effective vaccines were licensed, measles continues to cause death and severe disease in children worldwide. Complications from measles can occur in almost every organ system. Pneumonia, croup, and encephalitis are common causes of death; encephalitis is the most common cause of long-term sequelae. Measles remains a common cause of blindness in developing countries. Complication rates are higher in those <5 and >20 years old, although croup and otitis media are more common in those <2 years old and encephalitis in older children and adults. Complication rates are increased by immune deficiency disorders, malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, intense exposures to measles, and lack of previous measles vaccination. Case-fatality rates have decreased with improvements in socioeconomic status in many countries but remain high in developing countries. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Halsey, NA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, W5515,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM nhalsey@jhsph.edu NR 245 TC 149 Z9 153 U1 4 U2 38 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S4 EP S16 DI 10.1086/377712 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400002 PM 15106083 ER PT J AU Redd, SC King, GE Heath, JL Forghani, B Bellini, WJ Markowitz, LE AF Redd, SC King, GE Heath, JL Forghani, B Bellini, WJ Markowitz, LE TI Comparison of vaccination with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at 9, 12, and 15 months of age SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; VIRUS VACCINE; EARLY INFANCY; ANTIBODY; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNITY; CHILDREN; RESPONSES; IMPACT; TITERS AB To determine seroconversion rates with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine administered to children at 9, 12, or 15 months of age, we undertook a prospective randomized trial. Among children vaccinated at 15 months of age, 98% seroconverted to measles, compared with 95% of those vaccinated at 12 months of age and 87% of those vaccinated at 9 months of age. In each age group, children of mothers born in or before 1963 had lower rates of seroconversion against measles, with the lowest rate in children vaccinated at 9 months. The seroconversion rate of rubella paralleled that of measles, with the lowest seroconversion rates in children vaccinated at 9 months of age whose mothers were born in or before 1963. The response to mumps varied little by age of the child or birth year of the child's mother. These results support the recommended age for first vaccination with measles-mumps-rubella at 12 - 15 months. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA. RP Redd, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM scr1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S116 EP S122 DI 10.1086/378691 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400019 PM 15106100 ER PT J AU Rooney, JA Milton, DJ Hackler, RL Harris, JH Reynolds, D Tanner, M Taylor, E AF Rooney, JA Milton, DJ Hackler, RL Harris, JH Reynolds, D Tanner, M Taylor, E TI The largest outbreak of measles in the United States during 1999: Imported measles and pockets of susceptibility SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The largest measles outbreak in the United States during 1999 was traced to a 34-year-old minister with an undocumented history of vaccination, infected while traveling outside the United States. Local health departments in the Central Virginia Health District performed an epidemiological and laboratory investigation that identified 14 additional confirmed cases of measles, including 2 in health care providers and 5 in congregation members. Eight cases (53%) occurred among adults aged 30 - 35 years and 7 (47%) among children aged 13 months to 8 years. Although no religious exemptions were cited, only 2 case patients had documented proof of vaccination. This outbreak demonstrates the potential for limited indigenous spread of measles that occurs when imported cases expose susceptible groups. Almost half of the imported measles cases in the United States occur in US residents returning from foreign travel. Vaccination is highly recommended for all overseas travelers who are without documented proof of adequate immunization or measles immunity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Virgina Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Richmond, VA USA. Cent Virgina Hlth Dist, Lynchburg, VA USA. Bedford Cty Hlth Dept, Bedford, VA USA. RP Rooney, JA (reprint author), W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Div Surveillance & Dis Control, 350 Capitol St,Rm 125, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. EM janerooney@wvdhhr.org NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S78 EP S80 DI 10.1086/377697 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400012 PM 15106093 ER PT J AU Rota, PA Rota, JS Redd, SB Papania, MJ Bellini, WJ AF Rota, PA Rota, JS Redd, SB Papania, MJ Bellini, WJ TI Genetic analysis of measles viruses isolated in the United States between 1989 and 2001: Absence of an endemic genotype since 1994 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Congress of Virology CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; AFRICA; NUCLEOPROTEIN; ELIMINATION AB This report describes measles virus surveillance in the United States for 1989-2001. During the resurgence of measles in the United States between 1989 and 1992, only viruses of genotype D3 were isolated. In contrast, virological surveillance conducted after the resurgence period showed that at least 12 different genotypes were associated with the greatly reduced number of measles cases. Eight different genotypes were identified for 27 chains of transmission in which the source of infection was unknown. The diversity of measles virus genotypes observed in the United States between 1994 and 2001 reflected multiple imported sources of virus and indicated that no genotype of measles is endemic in the United States. Therefore, the data obtained from virological surveillance are consistent with the conclusions made by disease surveillance and epidemiological investigations that measles is no longer an endemic disease in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S160 EP S164 DI 10.1086/374607 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400024 PM 15106105 ER PT J AU Strebel, PM Henao-Restrepo, AM Hoekstra, E Olive, JM Papania, MJ Cochi, SL AF Strebel, PM Henao-Restrepo, AM Hoekstra, E Olive, JM Papania, MJ Cochi, SL TI Global measles elimination efforts: The significance of measles elimination in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INDIGENOUS MEASLES; ERADICATION; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIC; IMMUNITY; VACCINES; PROGRESS; RUBELLA; AMERICA AB Lessons learned from the successful end of endemic measles virus transmission (i.e., elimination) in the United States include the critical roles of strong political commitment, a regionwide initiative, adequate funding, and a broad coalition of partners. Implications of measles elimination in the United States for global measles control and regional elimination efforts include demonstration of the high vaccination coverage and, in turn, population immunity needed for elimination; the importance of accurate monitoring of vaccination coverage at local, state, and national levels; a vaccination strategy that includes at least 2 opportunities for measles immunization; and the essential role of integrated epidemiological and laboratory surveillance. The United States, with a population of 288 million, is, to our knowledge, the largest country to have ended endemic measles transmission. This experience provides evidence that sustained interruption of transmission can be achieved in large geographic areas, suggesting the feasibility of global eradication of measles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Dept Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. United Nations Childrens Fund, Programme Div, Global Measles Programme, Hlth Sect, New York, NY USA. RP Strebel, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Mailstop E-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pstrebel@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S251 EP S257 DI 10.1086/378092 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400038 PM 15106119 ER PT J AU Tipples, GA Gray, M Garbutt, M Rota, PA AF Tipples, GA Gray, M Garbutt, M Rota, PA CA Canadian Measles Surveillance TI Genotyping of measles virus in Canada: 1979-2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ELIMINATION; AUSTRALIA; PROGRAMS; STRAINS; STATES AB Genotyping is an important component of measles surveillance. In this study, we report the genotypes of 30 measles viruses from cases in Canada; 6 of these were collected between 1979 and 1996 and 24 were collected from 1997 through 2002. Many measles virus genotypes were found (C1, C2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, E, and H1). These data indicate that the predominant measles virus genotypes detected from 1979 to 1997 in Canada are no longer commonly found. Since the implementation of a routine second dose of measles vaccine and catch-up campaigns in 1996-1997, the wide variety of measles virus genotypes found supports epidemiological data showing that importation of measles is the source of current measles cases in Canada. C1 Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tipples, GA (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. EM graham_tipples@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 29 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S171 EP S176 DI 10.1086/377716 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400026 PM 15106107 ER PT J AU Yip, FY Papania, MJ Redd, SB AF Yip, FY Papania, MJ Redd, SB TI Measles outbreak epidemiology in the United States, 1993-2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB To evaluate the extent of measles virus circulation and populations at risk in the United States, we reviewed measles outbreaks during 1993 - 2001. A total of 120 measles outbreaks, constituting 1804 outbreak-related cases, were reported during this period. The maximum outbreak size decreased from 233 cases in 1993 - 1995 to 119 cases in 1996 - 1998 and 15 cases in 1999 - 2001. The maximum outbreak duration decreased from 127 days in 1993 - 1995 to 65 days in 1999 - 2001. The majority of outbreaks resulted from documented spread from an internationally imported case (42%) or had a strain of measles virus not endemic in the United States (12%). Outbreaks in which adults were the predominant age group affected accounted for 35% of all outbreaks, compared with 29% of outbreaks predominantly affecting preschool children, 30% predominantly affecting school-aged children and adolescents, and 6% with no predominant age group. The extremely limited size and duration of measles outbreaks indicates very high population immunity to measles and suggests that measles is no longer endemic in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Papania, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpapania@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S54 EP S60 DI 10.1086/379377 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400009 PM 15106090 ER PT J AU Zhou, FJ Reef, S Massoudi, M Papania, MJ Yusuf, HR Bardenheier, B Zimmerman, L McCauley, MM AF Zhou, FJ Reef, S Massoudi, M Papania, MJ Yusuf, HR Bardenheier, B Zimmerman, L McCauley, MM TI An economic analysis of the current universal 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccination program in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HEALTH-INSURANCE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINES; AGE; DIPHTHERIA; PERTUSSIS; TETANUS; PROJECT AB To evaluate the economic impact of the current 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination program in the United States, a decision tree-based analysis was conducted with population-based vaccination coverage and disease incidence data. All costs were estimated for a hypothetical US birth cohort of 3,803,295 infants born in 2001. The 2-dose MMR vaccination program was cost-saving from both the direct cost and societal perspectives compared with the absence of MMR vaccination, with net savings ( net present value) from the direct cost and societal perspectives of $3.5 billion and $7.6 billion, respectively. The direct and societal benefit-cost ratios for the MMR vaccination program were 14.2 and 26.0. Analysis of the incremental benefit-cost of the second dose showed that direct and societal benefit-cost ratios were 0.31 and 0.49, respectively. Varying the proportion of vaccines purchased and administered in the public versus the private sector had little effect on the results. From both perspectives under even the most conservative assumptions, the national 2-dose MMR vaccination program is highly cost-beneficial and results in substantial cost savings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhou, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM faz1@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 189 SU 1 BP S131 EP S145 DI 10.1086/378987 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 814BY UT WOS:000220951400021 PM 15106102 ER PT J AU Ross, DE Levin, ML AF Ross, DE Levin, ML TI Effects of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection on the molting success of Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) larvae SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; Anaplasma phagocytaphilum; vector survival; coadaptation ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; TICK VECTOR; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BABESIA-BIGEMINA; NEW-YORK; AGENT; TRANSMISSION; MICE; PATHOGENICITY AB We assessed the effects of sympatric (occupying the same or overlapping geographic areas) and allopatric (occurring in separate geographic areas) isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum on the survival of Ixodes scapularis Say larvae that were derived from ticks collected in Bridgeport, CT. Seven isolates of A. phagocytophilum, originating from different geographic regions of the United States, were tested: four isolates from the northeast (Bridgeport, Dawson, Gaillard, and NY-8), two from the Midwest (Webster and Sp-Is), and one from California (MRK). BALB/c mice were infected with each of the seven isolates via exposure to infected I. scapularis nymphs, whereas uninfected nymphs fed upon control mice. Both infected and control mice were infested with uninfected larvae at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 wk after nymphal infestation. The molting success in cohorts of infected and uninfected ticks was calculated as the percentage of larvae successfully molting into nymphal stage, and the prevalence of infection in molted nymphs was determined by polymerase chain reaction. In ticks that became infected with the Bridgeport or Sp-Is isolates, the molting success decreased with an increase in the prevalence of infection. Ticks that fed upon mice infected with six allopatric isolates (Dawson, Gaillard, NY-8, Sp-Is, Webster, and MRK) showed significantly lower levels of survival than those fed upon control mice, regardless of the prevalence of infection, whereas in ticks fed upon mice infected with a sympatric isolate (Bridgeport), the overall molting success was similar to the control. Thus, some but not all of the A. phagocytophilum isolates have adverse effects on ticks. Ticks exposed to harmful isolates may experience higher levels of bacterial metabolism, and/or reduced quality of their blood meal, thereby reducing their survival. Noted differences between isolates may be due to the origin of a particular isolate and/or the degree of coadaptation between the pathogen and its vector on the population level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ross, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 476 EP 483 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.476 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200030 PM 15185953 ER PT J AU McFadden, KA Hamilton, RL Visvesvara, GS Gardner, P Couce, ME AF McFadden, KA Hamilton, RL Visvesvara, GS Gardner, P Couce, ME TI Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a patient with Gardners syndrome and multi-organ transplant SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Neuropathologists CY JUN 24-27, 2004 CL Cleveland, OH SP Amer Assoc Neuropathologists C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Div Neuropathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Neurosurg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 63 IS 5 MA 82 BP 530 EP 530 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 822SC UT WOS:000221559400092 ER PT J AU Nelson, JS Burchfiel, CM Abbott, RD Fekedulegn, D Andrew, ME AF Nelson, JS Burchfiel, CM Abbott, RD Fekedulegn, D Andrew, ME TI Potential risk factors for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): Data from the Honolulu heart program/Honolulu Asia aging study (HHP/HAAS). SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Neuropathologists CY JUN 24-27, 2004 CL Cleveland, OH SP Amer Assoc Neuropathologists C1 Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 63 IS 5 MA 102 BP 535 EP 535 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 822SC UT WOS:000221559400112 ER PT J AU Desai, MR Dhar, R Rosen, DH Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Kager, PA ter Kuile, FO AF Desai, MR Dhar, R Rosen, DH Kariuki, SK Shi, YP Kager, PA ter Kuile, FO TI Daily iron supplementation is more efficacious than twice weekly iron supplementation for the treatment of childhood anemia in western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference of the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria CY NOV 17-22, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Agcy Int Dev, JHPIEGO Corp DE iron; daily; anemia; children; Kenya ID BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; WEEKLY MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; FULL-TERM AB A recent meta-analysis of 14 clinical trials indicated that daily compared with intermittent iron supplementation resulted in significantly greater hematological improvement in pregnant women. No such definitive beneficial effect was demonstrated in preschool children. We compared the efficacy of daily and twice weekly iron supplementation for 6 wk under supervised and unsupervised conditions in the treatment of mild and moderate anemia [hemoglobin (Hb) 50-109 g/L] in children aged 2-59 mo living in a malaria-endemic area of western Kenya. The study was a cluster-randomized trial using a factorial design; participants were aware of the treatment assigned. All children (n = 1049) were administered a single dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine at enrollment followed by 6 wk of daily supervised iron supplementation [3-6 mg/(kg (.) d)], twice weekly supervised iron supplementation [6-12 mg/(kg (.) wk)], daily unsupervised iron supplementation, or twice weekly unsupervised iron supplementation. In the supervised groups, Hb concentrations at 6 and 12 wk (6 wk postsupplementation) were significantly higher in children given iron daily rather than twice weekly [mean (95% CI) difference at 6-wk: 4.2 g/L (2.1, 6.4); 12-wk: 4.4 g/L (1.8, 7.0)]. Among the unsupervised groups, Hb concentrations were not different at 6 wk [mean (95% CI) difference: 0.86 g/L (-1.4, 3.1)], but significantly higher at 12 wk for those assigned daily iron [mean (95% CI) difference: 3.4 g/L (0.79, 6.0), P = 0.02]. In this malarious area and after initial antimalarial treatment, 6 wk of daily iron supplementation results in better hematological responses than twice weekly iron supplementation in the treatment of anemia in preschool children, regardless of whether adherence can be ensured. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol Control & Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Unit Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Desai, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mdesai@.cdc.gov NR 61 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1167 EP 1174 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820XK UT WOS:000221423000031 PM 15113965 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES Mokdad, AH AF Ajani, UA Ford, ES Mokdad, AH TI Dietary fiber and C-reactive protein: Findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber; C-reactive protein; cardiovascular disease; nutrition; survey ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CARE PROFESSIONALS; WOMEN; MEN; ASSOCIATION; PREVENTION; PREDICTION AB A higher intake of dietary fiber may decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between dietary fiber and serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), a possible predictor of cardiovascular events, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Among 3920 participants greater than or equal to 20 y old, dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with serum CRP concentration. The odds ratio (OR) for increased CRP concentration (>3.0 mg/L) was 0.49 (95% Cl 0.37-0.65; P for trend < 0.001) for the highest quintile of fiber intake compared with the lowest. Adjustment for age, gender, race, education, smoking, physical activity, BMI, total energy, and fat intake resulted in a slight attenuation (OR 0.59; Cl 0.41-0.85; P for trend = 0.006). Excluding participants with cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, or cancer did not alter the results. Our findings indicate that fiber intake is independently associated with serum CRP concentration and support the recommendation of a diet with a high fiber content. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ajani, UA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uajani@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 138 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1185 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820XK UT WOS:000221423000033 PM 15113967 ER PT J AU Hall, RM Trout, D Earnest, GS AF Hall, RM Trout, D Earnest, GS TI An industrial hygiene survey of an office building in the vicinity of the World Trade Center: Assessment of potential hazards following the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Hall, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 1 IS 5 BP D49 EP D53 DI 10.1080/15459620490438802 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 821GD UT WOS:000221447500001 PM 15238343 ER PT J AU Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Kaye, WE AF Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Kaye, WE TI Hydrofluoric acid releases in 17 states and the acute health effects associated, 1993-2001 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Hydrofluoric (HF) acid is 1 of the strongest and most corrosive acids known. Human exposure commonly occurs from occupational releases and can result in severe injuries and death. Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were used to conduct a descriptive analysis on the acute health effects of HF acid exposure. Of the total HSEES events (n = 49,106), HF acid releases occurred in 0.3% of events (n = 134). HF acid events were 2 times more likely to involve injuries when compared with other acid events and 3 times more likely when compared with nonacid events. Employees such as those in trucking services, petroleum refining, and chemical manufacturing need to understand the dangers of HF acid and should have the appropriate personal protective equipment available to prevent exposure. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Horton, DK (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailston E-31, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM dhorton@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000126030.45341.6b PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 820PR UT WOS:000221402300014 PM 15167399 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, L Doshi, SR Jones, SE AF Shaughnessy, L Doshi, SR Jones, SE TI Attempted suicide and associated health risk behaviors among Native American high school students SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT SUICIDE; YOUTH; PREVENTION; PROGRAMS AB Suicide represents the second-leading cause of death among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth aged 15-24 years. Data from the 2001 Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used to examine the association between attempted suicide among high school students and unintentional injury and violence behaviors, sexual risk behaviors, tobacco use, and alcohol and other drug use. The study included students in BIA-funded high schools with 10 or more students enrolled in grades 9-12. Overall, 16% of BIA high school students attempted suicide one or more times in the 12 months preceding the survey. Females and males who attempted suicide were more likely than females and males who did not attempt suicide to engage in every risk behavior analyzed: unintentional injury and violence behaviors, sexual risk behaviors, tobacco use, and alcohol and other drug use. These data enable educators, school health professionals, and others who work with this population to better identify American Indian youth at risk for attempting suicide by recognizing the number and variety of health risk behaviors associated with attempted suicide. C1 Bur Indian Affairs, Off Indian Educ Program, Washington, DC 20240 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shaughnessy, L (reprint author), Bur Indian Affairs, Off Indian Educ Program, 1849 C St NW,MS-3512 MIB, Washington, DC 20240 USA. EM lshaughnessy@bia.edu; sdoshi@cdc.gov; SeverettJones@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAY PY 2004 VL 74 IS 5 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 831TA UT WOS:000222217800005 PM 15283499 ER PT J AU Carter, GD Carter, CR Gunter, E Jones, J Jones, G Makin, HLJ Sufi, S AF Carter, GD Carter, CR Gunter, E Jones, J Jones, G Makin, HLJ Sufi, S TI Measurement of vitamin D metabolites: an international perspective on methodology and clinical interpretation SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 25-hydroxyvitamin D; quality assessment; DEQAS AB The International Quality Assessment Scheme for Vitamin D metabolites (DEQAS) was introduced in 1989. Initially, the aim was to improve the reliability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) assays but the scheme was extended in 1997 to include 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 0,25(OH)(2)D). DEQAS has 95 members in 18 countries (January 2003). Five serum samples are distributed quarterly and participants are given up to 6 weeks to return their results for statistical analysis. The majority of participants use commercial kits for both analytes. A performance target was set by an advisory panel in 1997 and, at present, requires participants to get 80% or more of their results within 30% of the All-Laboratory Trimmed Mean (ALTM). The performance targets are under continual review. In 2003, 59% of participants met the target (cf. 52% in 2000). A questionnaire, distributed in January 2003, requested information on methods and the interpretation of results. Reference ranges varied but there was reasonable agreement on the 25-OHD concentrations below which Vitamin D supplementation was advised. A minority (22%) of respondents was unsure whether Vitamin D(3) or Vitamin D(2) was used to treat patients in their locality. The majority (52%) of assays for 1,25(OH)(2)D were done 'on demand' and others for apparently spurious reasons. Most respondents thought participation in DEQAS extremely important and the planned introduction of on-line reporting should enhance its value. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Charing Cross Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, London W6 8RF, England. Sovereign Software Ltd, Haywards Heath RH16 4TB, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Queens Univ, Dept Med & Biochem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Dept Clin Biochem, London E1 2AD, England. Hammersmith Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, London W12 0HS, England. RP Jones, J (reprint author), Charing Cross Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Fulham Palace Rd, London W6 8RF, England. EM julia.jones@imperial.ac.uk NR 7 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 89-90 IS 1-5 SI SI BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.055 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 840IS UT WOS:000222852500086 PM 15225822 ER PT J AU Elder, RW Shults, RA Swahn, MH Strife, BJ Ryan, GW AF Elder, RW Shults, RA Swahn, MH Strife, BJ Ryan, GW TI Alcohol-related emergency department visits among people ages 13 to 25 years SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT TRAUMA; YOUNG-ADULTS; INVOLVEMENT; DRINKING; INJURY; INTERVENTION; ABUSE; ONSET AB Objective: Data from a large, nationally representative sample of hospital emergency departments (EDs) were used to assess the prevalence and characteristics of alcohol-related ED visits among people ages 13 to 25 years in the United States. Method: Emergency department visits recorded in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program were coded for alcohol involvement based on alcohol product codes and abstractions of chart narratives. National estimates and confidence intervals were calculated using SUDAAN statistical software. Results: Based on these chart data, in the United States in 2001 there were an estimated 244,331 alcohol-related ED visits among people ages 13 to 25 (3.2% of total visits). Of these, an estimated 119.503 (49%) involved people below the legal drinking age of 21. The number of alcohol-related visits increased throughout adolescence and young adulthood to the age of 2 1, after which they decreased to levels similar to those seen for 18 to 20 year olds. Alcohol-related visits were most frequent on weekends and among males and were more strongly associated with visits related to assault or self-harm than to visits for unintentional injuries or injuries of unknown intent. In this population, 38% of alcohol-related visits involved no external cause of injury (e.g., drinking to excess only). Conclusions: These data highlight the need for stronger efforts to delay initiation of alcohol use among adolescents as long as possible and to limit access to alcohol for underage drinkers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Elder, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfe3@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 0096-882X J9 J STUD ALCOHOL JI J. Stud. Alcohol PD MAY PY 2004 VL 65 IS 3 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 827QQ UT WOS:000221915900002 PM 15222585 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH TI Relation between region of residence in the united states and hypertension incidence - The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hypertension; geography; rural; population; urban population; women ID STROKE MORTALITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; URBANIZATION; INFORMATION; MIGRATION; SMOKING; RISK AB A number of studies have found hypertension prevalence to be higher in the southeast region of the United States than in other U.S. regions. To test the hypotheses that hypertension incidence is higher in the southeast than in other regions, and that higher levels of known hypertension risk factors in the southeast explain the difference in incidence, data from a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of a sample drawn from the U.S. population, the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study (1971-1984), were analyzed. In the United States, age-adjusted relative odds of incident hypertension between 1971 and 1984 did not vary consistently with region or with urbanization level. There was only a trend of higher relative odds in nonmetropolitan areas than in suburbs in the southeast in younger white men and older white women. Thus, convincing evidence to support the hypothesis of elevated hypertension incidence in the southeast region or in nonmetropolitan areas was not obtained. Further studies of region and hypertension incidence are needed to assess regional variation in larger, more recent cohorts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), JNMA, 1012 10th St NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 625 EP 634 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 851DL UT WOS:000223665500004 PM 15160977 ER PT J AU Mackie, JT Padhye, AA Sutherland, RJ Lamb, WA Davis, S AF Mackie, JT Padhye, AA Sutherland, RJ Lamb, WA Davis, S TI Granulomatous lymphadenitis and splenitis associated with Monocillium indicum infection in a dog SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB This report describes severe generalized granulomatous lymphadenitis and splenitis in a 5-yearold, spayed female, Rottweiler dog with anorexia and diarrhea. There was replacement or effacement of much of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes and spleen by sheets of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and myriad nonpigmented fungal organisms, most of which appeared to be intracellular. These organisms were very pleomorphic, including large chlamydospore-like cells, small round yeast-like cells, and septate hyphae. A fungus identified as Monocillium indicum was isolated from lymph node tissue. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of infection with Monocillium in either humans or other animals. C1 IDEXX Labs, Coorparoo DC, Qld 4151, Australia. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Specialist Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Mycol, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. RP Mackie, JT (reprint author), IDEXX Labs, POB 1119, Coorparoo DC, Qld 4151, Australia. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 248 EP 250 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 873TC UT WOS:000225302900015 PM 15152844 ER PT J AU Kew, M Francois, G Lavanchy, D Margolis, H Van Damme, P Grob, P Hallauer, J Shouval, D Leroux-Roels, G Meheus, A AF Kew, M Francois, G Lavanchy, D Margolis, H Van Damme, P Grob, P Hallauer, J Shouval, D Leroux-Roels, G Meheus, A TI Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE control; hepatitis C; hepatitis C virus infection; prevention; recommendations ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; UNITED-STATES; RISK; THERAPY; CIRRHOSIS; RIBAVIRIN; GENOTYPES; CLEAVAGE; DISEASE; REGION AB In spite of advances made in our understanding of the biology of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), the epidemiology and natural history of HCV infection, and the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, the development and worldwide implementation of a comprehensive prevention and control strategy remains necessary. A World Health Organization informal consultation with the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board was convened and met in Geneva. Switzerland, 13-14 May 2002. to review epidemiological and public health aspects of HCV infection, and the various prevention and control strategies that are currently in place. Based on the presentations and discussions, a number of specific recommendations were made. which should be considered in conjunction with previously published recommendations. C1 Univ Antwerp, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Med, S African Med Res Council Canc Assoc S Africa Uni, ZA-2001 Johannesburg, South Africa. Johannesburg Hosp, Johannesburg, South Africa. Baragwanath Hosp, ZA-2013 Johannesburg, South Africa. WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Spital Zurich, Abt Klin Immunol, Zurich, Switzerland. Humboldt Univ, Univ Klinikum Charite, Berlin, Germany. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Univ Hosp, Liver Unit, Jerusalem, Israel. State Univ Ghent, Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biol Microbiol & Immunol, Ctr Vaccinol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Francois, G (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Univ Pl 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM guido.francois@ua.ac.be RI van damme, pierre/I-4846-2013 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2004.00492.x PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 822FX UT WOS:000221525300002 PM 15117321 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Bern, C Wagatsuma, Y Costa, C Chowdhury, R Ali, M Amann, J Haque, R Breiman, R Maguire, JH AF Ahluwalia, IB Bern, C Wagatsuma, Y Costa, C Chowdhury, R Ali, M Amann, J Haque, R Breiman, R Maguire, JH TI Visceral leishmaniasis: Consequences to women in a Bangladeshi community SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar (KA) affects the rural poor, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We examined the epidemiological and social impact of KA in an affected village in Bangladesh. A population-based survey of the village residents showed a case fatality rate of 14.7% among females and 5.3% among males. Before initiation of the study, female patients were ill longer than males before they received treatment. Future work needs to focus on understanding the implications of KA on women and to develop sustainable strategies for appropriate and timely access to treatment. C1 CDC, NCCDPHP, BSB, DACH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth Syst & Infect Dis Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPHP, BSB, DACH, 4770 Buford Highway NE K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM IAhluwalia@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 360 EP 364 DI 10.1089/154099904323087024 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 825NC UT WOS:000221764200001 PM 15186651 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, BE Jones, DA Macera, CA Reis, JP Addy, CL Bull, FC Pratt, M AF Ainsworth, BE Jones, DA Macera, CA Reis, JP Addy, CL Bull, FC Pratt, M TI Comparison of the BRFSS physical activity module and the International Physical Activity QUestionnaire (IPAQ) SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM bainswor@mail.sdsu.edu RI Bull, Fiona/G-4148-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 0773 BP S110 EP S111 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188301092 ER PT J AU Bowles, HR Yore, MM Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA AF Bowles, HR Yore, MM Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA TI Consistency between a single question and the occupational physical activity questionnaire to classify occupational activity SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM hrbowles@sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 0774 BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188301093 ER PT J AU DerAnanian, CA Wilcox, S Sharpe, P Brady, T AF DerAnanian, CA Wilcox, S Sharpe, P Brady, T TI Correlates of exercise among persons with arthritis SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cderananian@msn.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1362 BP S192 EP S192 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302047 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Garg, M Galuska, DA Rattay, KT Caspersen, CJ AF Fulton, JE Garg, M Galuska, DA Rattay, KT Caspersen, CJ TI Public health and clinical recommendations for physical activity and physical fitness: Focus on overweight youth SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1251 BP S182 EP S182 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188301442 ER PT J AU Ham, SA Lindley, C Macera, CA Kohl, HW AF Ham, SA Lindley, C Macera, CA Kohl, HW TI Trends in walking for transportation in the United States - 1995 and 2001 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM sham@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1355 BP S191 EP S191 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302041 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM FitzGerald, S Dunn, AL Church, T AF Hootman, JM FitzGerald, S Dunn, AL Church, T TI Interrelationship between physical activity, depressive symptoms, functional limitationsand musculoskeletal complaints SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1121 BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188301347 ER PT J AU Kohl, HW Yore, MM Ford, ES AF Kohl, HW Yore, MM Ford, ES TI Reported television watching as an indicator of physical inactivity SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hkohl@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 2176 BP S317 EP S317 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188303221 ER PT J AU Roux, L Hu, D Yore, M Yanagawa, T Pratt, M AF Roux, L Hu, D Yore, M Yanagawa, T Pratt, M TI The health and economic impact of promoting physical activity: A decision analytic approach SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lpr9@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1469 BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302146 ER PT J AU Sapkota, S Yore, MM Librett, JJ Kohl, HW AF Sapkota, S Yore, MM Librett, JJ Kohl, HW TI Comparing HealthStyles with BRFSS to measure physical inactivity of US citizens SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM auu6@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 0779 BP S112 EP S112 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188301098 ER PT J AU Sinkule, EJ Turner, NL AF Sinkule, EJ Turner, NL TI Inhaled carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations during rest and exercise of three air-purifying escape hoods SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 NIOSH, NPPTL, CDC, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NIOSH, DSR, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. EM esinkule@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1702 BP S245 EP S245 DI 10.1097/00005768-200405001-01173 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302297 ER PT J AU Wirth, O Wade, TR Hall, IR Bryner, RW AF Wirth, O Wade, TR Hall, IR Bryner, RW TI Voluntary hind limb resistance exercise with obese Zucker rats SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM owirth@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 2295 BP S333 EP S333 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188303295 ER PT J AU Yanagawa, TL Wang, GJ Pratt, M Roux, L AF Yanagawa, TL Wang, GJ Pratt, M Roux, L TI The cost of physical activity promotion interventions SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tby7@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 1470 BP S213 EP S213 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188302147 ER PT J AU Yore, MM Ham, SA Kohl, HW Ainsworth, BE LaMonte, M AF Yore, MM Ham, SA Kohl, HW Ainsworth, BE LaMonte, M TI Reliability and validity of BRFSS walking questions SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Cooper Inst Aerb Res, Dallas, TX USA. EM myore@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 0775 BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188301094 ER PT J AU Gao, WT Tamin, A Soloff, A D'Aiuto, L Nwanegbo, E Robbins, PD Bellini, WJ Barratt-Boyes, S Gambotto, A AF Gao, WT Tamin, A Soloff, A D'Aiuto, L Nwanegbo, E Robbins, PD Bellini, WJ Barratt-Boyes, S Gambotto, A TI A candidate SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine elicits broad immunity in monkeys SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-Therapy CY JUN 02-06, 2004 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Soc Gene Therapy C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 9 SU 1 MA 554 BP S208 EP S208 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 833DM UT WOS:000222316600555 ER PT J AU Farrell, SW Cheng, YLJ Blair, SN AF Farrell, SW Cheng, YLJ Blair, SN TI Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome across cardiorespiratory fitness levels in women SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE women's health; Adult Treatment Panel-III Guidelines; cardiorespiratory fitness; syndrome X; exercise testing ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; PLASMA-INSULIN; MEN; EXERCISE AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome across age strata and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels in women. Research Methods and Procedures: 7104 women underwent a physical examination, including a maximal treadmill exercise test. Participants were divided into CRF quintiles according to age. The metabolic syndrome was identified using Adult Treatment Panel-III Guidelines. Tests for trend were performed on demographic variables across CRF quintiles, as well as prevalence of the metabolic syndrome across CRF quintiles, age strata, and maximal workload achieved [maximal metabolic equivalent (MET) level]. Results: The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 6.5%. Age- and smoking-adjusted prevalence was lower across quintiles of CRF (19.0%, 6.7%, 6.0%, 3.6%, and 2.3% for quintiles I to V, respectively, p for trend = 0.001). Smoking-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was higher across age strata (2.4%, 2.7%, 6.4%, 8.7%, 15.3%, and 16.1 % for ages 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 to 80, respectively, p for trend = 0.001). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the different age groups for women who achieved a maximal MET level of I I or higher was one-third to one-fourth that of women who achieved lower maximal MET levels. Discussion: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was markedly lower across progressively higher levels of CRF in women of different age strata. Because regular physical activity improves components of the metabolic syndrome, modest increases in CRF among low fit women may ameliorate the metabolic syndrome in some instances. C1 Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. CDC, Northrop Grumman Mission Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Farrell, SW (reprint author), Cooper Inst, 12330 Preston Rd, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. EM sfarrell@cooperinst.org FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06945] NR 36 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 5 BP 824 EP 830 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.99 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 826EY UT WOS:000221813300012 PM 15166303 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Thornton, JC Mei, ZG Wang, J Dietz, WH Pierson, RN Horlick, M AF Freedman, DS Thornton, JC Mei, ZG Wang, J Dietz, WH Pierson, RN Horlick, M TI Height and adiposity among children SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE skinfolds; BMI; X-ray densitometry; adolescent ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY-MASS INDEXES; GROWTH-HORMONE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; BINDING-PROTEIN; OBESE CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT; CHILDHOOD; PUBERTY AB Objective: Although BMI (kilograms per meter squared) is widely used as a surrogate measure of adiposity, it is moderately associated (r similar to 0.3) with height among children. We examined whether the resulting preferential classification of taller children as overweight, based on a BMI greater than or equal to95th percentile, is appropriate. Research Methods and Procedures: We assessed the cross-sectional relation of height among 5- to 18-year-old subjects (n = 1180) to levels of BMI, the sum of 10 skinfold thicknesses, and percentage body fat as determined by DXA. Results: The prevalence of a BMI level greater than or equal to95th percentile was substantially higher among 5- to 11-year-old subjects who were relatively tall for their age than among shorter children. Among 5- to 8-year-old boys, for example, each SD increase in height-for-age was associated with a 4.6-fold increase in the prevalence of overweight (p < 0.001). Height not only was associated with BMI but also showed similar correlations with the skinfold sum and with percentage body fat; furthermore, the magnitudes of these associations decreased with age. We also found that the association between percentage body fat and BMI (r = 0.85 to 0.90) was close to the maximum correlation that can be achieved by any weight-height index. Discussion: The use of BMI, which preferentially classifies taller young children as overweight, is appropriate because height and adiposity are correlated before the age of 12 years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, Dept Med,Body Composit Unit, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Childrens Hosp New York Presbyterian, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DFreedman@CDC.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK37352] NR 42 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 5 BP 846 EP 853 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.102 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 826EY UT WOS:000221813300015 PM 15166306 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Hootman, JM Strine, TW Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, CA Hootman, JM Strine, TW Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH TI Disability, arthritis, and body weight among adults 45 years and older SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BMI; physical activity; weight loss; gender; BRFSS ID KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; RISK-FACTORS; MASS INDEX; US ADULTS; MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FAT DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY AB Objective: To examine the association between body weight and disability among persons with and without self-reported arthritis. Research Methods and Procedures: Data were analyzed for noninstitutionalized adults, 45 years or older, in states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Self-reported BMI (kilograms per meter squared) was,used to categorize participants into six BMI-defined groups: underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5 to <25), overweight (25 to <30), obese, class 1 (30 to <35), obese, class 2 (35 to <40), and obese, class 3 ( <40). Results: Class 3 obesity (BMI : 40) was significantly associated with disability among participants both with and without self-reported arthritis. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for disability in participants with class 3 obesity was 2.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.22 to 3.40] among those with self-reported arthritis and 1.77 (95% CI = 1.20 to 2.62) among those without self-reported arthritis compared with those of normal weight (BMI 18.5 to <25). Persons with self-reported arthritis who were obese, class 2 (BMI 35 to <40) and obese, class 1 (BMI 30 to <35) and women with self-reported arthritis who were overweight (BMI 25 to <30) also had higher odds of disability compared with those of normal weight [AOR = 1.72 (95% CI 1.47 to 2.00), AOR = 1.30 (95% Cl = 1.17 to 1.44), and AOR = 1.18 (95% Cl = 1.06 to 1.32), respectively]. Discussion: Our findings reveal that obesity is associated with disability. Preventing and controlling obesity may improve the quality of life for persons with and without self-reported arthritis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Cokoro@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 5 BP 854 EP 861 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.103 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 826EY UT WOS:000221813300016 PM 15166307 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Costello, C Trussell, J Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB AF Jamieson, DJ Costello, C Trussell, J Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB CA US Collaborative Review Sterilizat TI The risk of pregnancy after vasectomy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBAL-STERILIZATION; COMPLICATIONS AB OBJECTIVE: To describe the pregnancy rates among women whose husbands underwent vasectomy. METHODS: Between 1985 and 1987,573 women aged 18-44 years whose husbands underwent vasectomy in medical centers in 5 U.S. cities were enrolled in the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization, a prospective cohort study of male and female sterilization. Women were interviewed by telephone at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after their husbands underwent vasectomy. RESULTS: Among the 540 eligible women at risk for pregnancy, there were 6 pregnancies occurring from 6 to 72 weeks after vasectomy. The cumulative probability of failure per 1,000 procedures (95% confidence interval) was 9.4 (1.2, 17.5) 1 year after vasectomy and 11.3 (2.3, 20.3) at years 2, 3, and 5. CONCLUSION: Couples considering vasectomy should be counseled about the small, but real, risk of pregnancy following the procedure and that men are not sterile immediately after vasectomy. ( (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Princeton Univ, Off Populat Res, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM djj0@cdc.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y02-HD41075-10] NR 8 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 103 IS 5 BP 848 EP 850 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000123246.11511.e4 PN 1 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875IR UT WOS:000225414200004 PM 15121555 ER PT J AU Perch, M Kofoed, P Fischer, TK Co, F Rombo, L Aaby, P Eugen-Olsen, J AF Perch, M Kofoed, P Fischer, TK Co, F Rombo, L Aaby, P Eugen-Olsen, J TI Serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with parasitemia in children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD87; children; infection; malaria; plasmodium falciparum; uPAR; urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ID PREDICTS MORTALITY; CEREBRAL MALARIA; CANCER-PATIENTS; UPAR; EXPRESSION; BLOOD; CD87; MICE AB Serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) are significantly elevated and of prognostic value in patients suffering from serious infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis. Our objective was to investigate suPAR levels during symptomatic malaria infection and 7 days after treatment. Children younger than 6 years who presented with fever or other symptoms compatible with malaria were enrolled. Blood films and samples were collected on day 0 and day 7. Twenty-five children were allocated to each of three groups according to the amount of Plasmodium falciparum detected in their initial blood film. Children in group 1 had parasite densities in excess of 20 parasites per 200 leucocytes. The median plasma suPAR level was 6.49 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.90-7.61) and correlated to parasitemia (Spearman 0.43, P < 0.0001). Blood was obtained from 20 children in group 1 after 7 days of treatment. All became malaria negative in their blood slides and all decreased in suPAR level to median 3.48 ng/mL (IQR: 3.08-3.91) (P < 0.0001). Group 2 consisted of 25 children with 1-20 parasites in their blood slide. The suPAR level was median 2.91 ng/mL (IQR: 2.27-4.40) and decreased with median 0.5 ng/mL following treatment (P = 0.0002). Group 3 showed to be negative in their blood slides and most received antibiotic treatment. suPAR decreased from median 3.26 ng/mL (IQR: 2.77-4.46) to median 2.47 ng/mL (IQR: 2.01-3.75), on day 7 (P = 0.006). This study demonstrates an important association between suPAR and acute malaria infection in humans. C1 Projecto Saude Bandim, Bissau, Guinea Bissau. Kolding Cty Hosp, Dept Paediat, Kolding, Denmark. State Serum Inst, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Res, Copenhagen, Denmark. Malarsjukhuset, Dept Infect Dis, Eskilstuna, Sweden. Malarsjukhuset, Dept Thorac Med, Eskilstuna, Sweden. Malarsjukhuset, Dept Dermatol, Eskilstuna, Sweden. Univ Copenhagen, Hvidovre Hosp, Clin Res Unit, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Perch, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mperch@cdc.gov OI perch, michael/0000-0001-9740-1246 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 5 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00695.x PG 5 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 862WJ UT WOS:000224521700001 PM 15491469 ER PT J AU Koyano, S Araki, A Hirano, Y Fujieda, K Suzutani, T Yagyu, K Murono, K Inoue, N AF Koyano, S Araki, A Hirano, Y Fujieda, K Suzutani, T Yagyu, K Murono, K Inoue, N TI Retrospective diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection using dried umbilical cords SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID HEARING-LOSS C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. Fukusima Med Univ, Sch Med, Fukushima, Japan. Obihiro Kyoukai Hosp, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan. Nayoro City Hosp, Nayoro, Japan. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koyano, S (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 481 EP 482 DI 10.1097/00006454-200405000-00028 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 822BI UT WOS:000221509000025 PM 15131484 ER PT J AU Hayes, EB O'Leary, DR AF Hayes, EB O'Leary, DR TI West Nile virus infection: A pediatric perspective SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE West Nile virus; encephalitis; meningitis; congenital infection; breastfeeding ID NEW-YORK; UNITED-STATES; INSECT REPELLENTS; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; EPIDEMIC; FEVER AB West Nile virus (WNV) infection recently became a major public health concern in the western hemisphere. This article describes recent information regarding previously unrecognized mechanisms of WNV transmission and reviews clinical manifestations of WNV infection, diagnostic tests, and prevention strategies from a pediatric perspective. WNV is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected mosquitoes, but during the epidemic that spread across North America in 2002, transmission of WNV through blood transfusions and organ transplantation was described for the first time. Individual case reports indicate that WNV can be transmitted also in utero and probably through breast milk. Although most WNV infections are asymptomatic, the virus causes a broad range of manifestations from uncomplicated febrile illness to meningitis, neuropathies, paralysis, and encephalitis. Severe manifestations of WNV infection are far more common in adults than in children, but 105 cases of neuroinvasive WNV disease were reported among children in the United States in 2002. The distribution of the virus in North America continues to spread. WNV infection can be diagnosed by detecting WNV-specific antibody in cerebrospinal fluid or serum, or by detecting the virus or viral nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or tissues. Cornerstones of prevention include personal protection against mosquitoes, including wearing insect repellent, reducing populations of vector mosquitoes, and screening the blood supply for WNV-contaminated blood donations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hayes, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ebh2@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 66 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 113 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.1542/peds.113.5.1375 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 817HS UT WOS:000221169200031 PM 15121956 ER PT J AU McPherson, M Weissman, G Strickland, BB van Dyck, PC Blumberg, SJ Newacheck, PW AF McPherson, M Weissman, G Strickland, BB van Dyck, PC Blumberg, SJ Newacheck, PW TI Implementing community-based systems of services for children and youths with special health care needs: How well are we doing? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children with special health care needs; children; chronic illness; access; insurance; medical home ID COORDINATED CARE AB Objective. To provide a baseline measure of the proportion of US children who meet the Maternal and Child Health Bureau's core outcomes for children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Those core outcomes include the following: 1) families of CSHCN will partner in decision making and will be satisfied with the services that they receive; 2) CSHCN will receive coordinated, ongoing comprehensive care within a medical home; 3) families of CSHCN will have adequate private and/or public insurance to pay for the services that they need; 4) children will be screened early and continuously for special health care needs; 5) community-based service systems will be organized so that families can use them easily; and 6) youths with special health care needs will receive the services necessary to make transitions to adult life, including adult health care, work, and independence. Methods. A national household survey was conducted using telephone interviews. We analyzed data on 38 866 CSHCN included in the 2001 National Survey of CSHCN and 13 579 children included in the 2001 National Health Interview Survey. We assessed the proportion of US children who met each of the 6 core outcomes for CSHCN using data from 2 surveys. Results. Success rates ranged from 6% (the core outcome on successful transition to adulthood) to 74% (the core outcome on organization of the service system). For 5 of the 6 core outcomes, success rates exceeded 50%. Conclusion. Our results indicate that, for the most part, the United States is well positioned to meet the 6 core outcomes. However, much more work lies ahead before success can be claimed. This is especially true for the core outcome on transition to adulthood, for which only 6% of children in the target population are now meeting this goal. C1 US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP McPherson, M (reprint author), 5600 Fishers Ln,Rm 18A27,Parklawn Bldg, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM mmcpherson@hrsa.gov NR 16 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 113 IS 5 SU S BP 1538 EP 1544 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 817RW UT WOS:000221195600012 PM 15121923 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Needham, LL Silva, MJ Lambert, G AF Calafat, AM Needham, LL Silva, MJ Lambert, G TI Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate among premature neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE DEHP; phthalate; plasticizer; urine; biomarker ID DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL-PHTHALATE; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; GENERAL-POPULATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MALE-RATS; METABOLITES; URINE AB Objective. Premature neonates who spend time in a neonatal intensive care unit may be at increased risk of adverse health effects from exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ( DEHP) because of their increased risk of high exposure, their small body size, and their physical condition. DEHP, a reproductive toxicant in animals, is a major component in polyvinyl chloride ( PVC) plastics, which are frequently used in medical tubing and blood storage bags. DEHP is not covalently bound to PVC, and it may be easily released from the PVC medical devices. The objective of this study was to determine whether premature infants who undergo medical procedures, such as blood transfusions, intravenous therapy, enteral and parenteral nutrition support, and dialysis, are at increased risk of exposure to DEHP than the general population. Because of their smaller size, children and especially premature and small infants may receive a larger dose of DEHP on a milligram per kilogram basis than adults when the same-size medical device is used for all ages. Methods. Premature neonates who seemed to have the potential to be on intravenous infusion for > 2 weeks and were expected to survive were eligible for enrollment in the study. We assessed exposure to DEHP in 6 premature newborns by measuring in 41 urine samples the levels of 3 DEHP metabolites: mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (mEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (mEHHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (mEOHP). Results. mEHHP and mEOHP were detected in all 41 urine samples, and mEHP was detected in 33. Because only 33 of the samples had detectable amounts for all 3 metabolites, statistical analyses were limited to those 33. The levels of all 3 DEHP metabolites varied widely, and the urinary mean and median concentrations of mEOHP and mEHHP were 1 order of magnitude higher than those for mEHP. Furthermore, the geometric mean urinary concentrations of mEOHP ( 1617 ng/mL), mEHHP ( 2003 ng/mL), and mEHP ( 100 ng/mL) in these 6 premature infants who underwent intensive therapeutic interventions were found to be severalfold higher than in the US general population ( for mEHP, geometric mean in those 6 years and older was 3.43 ng/mL). Conclusions. This study provides the first quantitative evidence confirming that newborns who undergo intensive therapeutic medical interventions are exposed to higher concentrations of DEHP than the general population. Although the overall benefits of medical procedures using PVC devices outweigh the risks associated with exposure to DEHP, more research is needed to determine whether infants and children who undergo intensive therapeutic interventions using DEHP-containing devices are at higher risk for altered health outcomes than infants and children who undergo similar treatments but are not potentially exposed to DEHP. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Ctr Childhood Neurotoxicol & Exposure Assessment, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ACalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11256A] NR 43 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 113 IS 5 BP E429 EP E434 DI 10.1542/peds.113.5.e429 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 817HS UT WOS:000221169200061 PM 15121985 ER PT J AU Taveras, EM Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L Richardson, M Marshall, R Rego, VH Miroshnik, I Lieu, TA AF Taveras, EM Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L Richardson, M Marshall, R Rego, VH Miroshnik, I Lieu, TA TI Mothers' and clinicians' perspectives on breastfeeding counseling during routine preventive visits SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; counseling; concordance; clinicians ID PRACTICE GUIDELINES; PATIENT COMMUNICATION; NATIONAL SURVEY; PHYSICIANS; CARE; ATTITUDES AB Background. Recent national statistics indicate that, despite increases in the proportion of mothers who initiate breastfeeding, the proportion that continue to breastfeed their infants through 6 months of age remains below the Healthy People 2010 goal of 50%. National professional organizations recommend that clinicians routinely counsel mothers about the benefits of breastfeeding. Little is known, however, about the counseling provided during these visits and how mothers and their clinicians perceive breastfeeding counseling. Objectives. We sought to describe mothers' and clinicians' perspectives on breastfeeding counseling during routine preventive visits and identify potential gaps in communication about breastfeeding and management practices. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of low-risk mother-newborn pairs and their clinicians in a large multispecialty group practice. The participating mothers completed telephone interviews at 4 and 12 weeks postpartum, and their data were linked with their obstetric and pediatric clinicians' responses to a cross-sectional mailed survey conducted during the same time period. Overall, response rates were 63% for mothers (n=429) and 82% for clinicians (obstetric clinicians: n=54; pediatric clinicians: n=67). Results. Of the 429 low-risk mother-newborn pairs in the study, 61% were white, 16% were black, 10% were Hispanic, and 8% were Asian, with a mean (SD) age of 32.7 (5.1) years. At 4 weeks postpartum, 319 mothers (74%) were either exclusively or mixed breastfeeding. According to the interviews, few mothers discussed breastfeeding duration with their obstetric clinicians during their prenatal visits (15%) or with their pediatric clinicians during their infants' 2-week preventive visit (24%). Among 164 mothers whose obstetric providers said they usually or always discuss breastfeeding duration during prenatal visits, only 26 (16%) of the mothers reported that the topic was discussed with them (22% agreement; kappa=-.004). Among those mothers whose pediatric clinicians said they usually or always discuss breastfeeding duration during the 2-week preventive visit, only 25% of the mothers reported that the topic was discussed (32% agreement; kappa=.05). Many of the mothers had either returned to work by 12 weeks (29%) or planned to return to work within the next few months (43%). Although nearly all the obstetric (91%) and pediatric (97%) clinicians reported that they usually or always discuss whether a mother plans to continue breastfeeding after returning to work, only approximately half (55%) of the mothers seen by the clinicians reported that the topic was discussed. Overall, few mothers reported discussing with their clinicians specific ways to continue breastfeeding after returning to work. Conclusion. Mothers' reports of breastfeeding advice given during routine preventive visits identified several areas in which unintentional communication gaps may occur, including specifics about breastfeeding duration and methods of breastfeeding after returning to work. Developing approaches to enhance communication with mothers during routine preventive visits could improve the support of breastfeeding. C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA USA. RP Taveras, EM (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM elsie.taveras@childrens.harvard.edu NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 113 IS 5 BP E405 EP E411 DI 10.1542/peds.113.5.e405 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 817HS UT WOS:000221169200057 PM 15121981 ER PT J AU Kulczycki, A Kim, DJ Duerr, A Jamieson, DJ Macaluso, M AF Kulczycki, A Kim, DJ Duerr, A Jamieson, DJ Macaluso, M TI The acceptability of the female and male condom: A randomized crossover trial SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; SEX WORKERS; CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY; HIGH-RISK; INTERVENTION; PREDICTORS; INFECTION; THAILAND; CLINICS; ZAMBIA AB CONTEXT: Although studies have assessed the acceptability of male and female condoms, comparative trial data are lacking. METHODS: A sample of 108 women in stable relationships recruited from an urban, reproductive health clink were randomly assigned to use 10 male or female condoms, followed by use of 10 of the other type. A nurse provided instruction in correct method use. Demographic information was collected in a baseline questionnaire, acceptability data were collected in follow-up and exit questionnaires and coital logs. Nonparametric and chi-square statistics were used to analyze measures of the methods' relative acceptability. Bowker's test of symmetry was adapted to test the null hypothesis of no difference in acceptability between condom types. RESULTS: Participants used 678 female and 700 mole condoms. Although neither method scored high on user satisfaction measures, the 63 women completing the study protocol preferred the male condom to the female condom for ease of application or insertion, ease of removal, general fit, feel of the condom during intercourse and ease of penetration. Participants reported that their partner also favored the male condom, although women generally appeared to like this method more than their partner did. In a direct comparison between the methods at the end of the study, women generally judged male condoms superior on specified preference criteria. CONCLUSIONS:Across a range of criteria, the female condom was less acceptable than the male condom to most women and their partners. Although both types had low acceptability, they ore needed and valid methods of pregnancy and disease prevention. That neither rated high on user satisfaction measures underscores the need for more barrier methods that women and men can use. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Res Womens Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kulczycki, A (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM andrzej@uab.edu RI Marra, Giulia/L-8303-2014; Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU PHS HHS [S0747-18/19] NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1931-2393.2004.tb00199.x PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 835JQ UT WOS:000222479400003 PM 15306269 ER PT J AU Asma, S Warren, W Althomsons, S Wisotzky, M Woollery, T Henson, R AF Asma, S Warren, W Althomsons, S Wisotzky, M Woollery, T Henson, R TI Addressing the chronic disease burden with tobacco control programs SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MORTALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Asma, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sea5@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.004 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000005 PM 15158104 ER PT J AU French, C True, S McIntyre, R Sciulli, M Maloy, KA AF French, C True, S McIntyre, R Sciulli, M Maloy, KA TI State implementation of the Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act of 2000: A collaborative effort among government agencies SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through grants to states, tribes, and territories, has successfully provided breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic services to low-income women since 1990. On October 24, 2000, Congress passed the Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act (BCCPTA) authorizing states, if they chose, to provide Medicaid coverage for treatment services for women screened under the NBCCEDP. Under BCCPTA, uninsured women younger than age 65 who are screened through the NBCCEDP and found to have breast or cervical cancer (or precancerous conditions) may gain access to Medicaid services for and during their cancer treatment. Implementation of the BCCPTA requires collaboration and coordination among many government agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, state Medicaid directors, and directors of state and tribal grant programs. This article describes the implementation of the program and demonstrates to policy makers that coordinating resources among government agencies can facilitate the rapid adoption of public health programs as pathways for specific populations to gain access to publicly funded health insurance coverage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Serv Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid, Baltimore, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth Policy, Washington, DC USA. RP French, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Serv Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cyp2@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.007 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000008 PM 15158107 ER PT J AU Kolbe, L Kann, L Patterson, B Wechsler, H Osorio, J Collins, J AF Kolbe, L Kann, L Patterson, B Wechsler, H Osorio, J Collins, J TI Enabling the nation's schools to help prevent heart disease, stroke, cancer, COPD, diabetes, and other serious health problems SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; IMPROVE; OBESITY; YOUTH AB In the United States, more than 53 million young people attend nearly 120,000 schools, usually for 13 of their most formative years. Modern school health programs-if appropriately designed and implemented-could become one of the most efficient means the nation might employ to reduce the establishment of four main chronic disease risks: tobacco use, unhealthy eating patterns, inadequate physical activity, and obesity. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners have developed four integrated strategies to help the nation's schools reduce these risks. Participating national, state, and local agencies (1) monitor critical health risks among students, and monitor school policies and programs to reduce those risks; (2) synthesize and apply research to identify, and to provide information about, effective school policies and programs; (3) enable state, large city, and national education and health agencies to jointly help local schools implement effective policies and programs; and (4) evaluate implemented policies and programs to iteratively assess and improve their effectiveness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Dev & Serv Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Applicat Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, 4770 Buford Way NE,MS K-29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlc1@cdc.gov NR 95 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 286 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.008 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000009 PM 15158108 ER PT J AU Wisotzky, M Albuquerque, M Pechacek, TF Park, BZ AF Wisotzky, M Albuquerque, M Pechacek, TF Park, BZ TI The National Tobacco Control Program: Focusing on policy to broaden impact SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death and disease in the United States, causing more than 440,000 premature deaths annually. We can dramatically reduce the health and economic burden of tobacco use by employing proven tobacco control and prevention strategies. Policy interventions offer the greatest opportunity to influence decisions regarding tobacco use at the societal level. Tobacco control policy can drive social, environmental, and systems changes, and has a substantially greater impact than interventions that target individuals. A policy approach engages the larger community and empowers it to establish healthy social norms. Health departments, the primary governmental institutions charged with protecting the health of the public, play many different roles in advancing policy. The National Tobacco Control Program funds state health departments to educate the public and decision makers regarding evidence-based policy strategies. This article outlines those strategies, critical success factors, and challenges associated with policy-based interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Tobacco Control Program, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Policy Planning & Coordinat Unit, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Serv Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wisotzky, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Tobacco Control Program, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mdw6@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000010 PM 15158109 ER PT J AU Satterfield, DW Murphy, D Essien, JDK Hosey, G Stankus, M Hoffman, P Beartusk, K Mitchell, PL Alfaro-Correa, A AF Satterfield, DW Murphy, D Essien, JDK Hosey, G Stankus, M Hoffman, P Beartusk, K Mitchell, PL Alfaro-Correa, A TI Using the essential public health services as strategic leverage to strengthen the public health response to diabetes SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SELF-MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; MELLITUS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; ADULTS AB If current trends continue, health systems will soon be overwhelmed by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Successful population-based diabetes prevention and control efforts require a sound and continually improving infrastructure. In states and U.S. territories, the Diabetes Prevention and Control Programs supported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Diabetes Translation serve as a fulcrum for building and refining the infrastructure that links diverse and dynamic partners dedicated to increasing the years and quality of life and achieving health equity among people with and at risk for diabetes. The National Public Health Performance Standards offer a conceptual framework that articulates the requisite infrastructure and services provided by an interconnected network of intersectoral partners to strengthen the public health response to diabetes. These standards associated with the Essential Public Health Services are valuable tools to assess the status of the performance of the health system's infrastructure to guide improvement. The process of engaging system partners in a system-wide assessment informs and leverages cross-sectoral assets to improve health outcomes for citizens in communities shouldering the growing burden of diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Program Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth Practice, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Satterfield, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Program Dev Branch, 2858 Woodcock Blvd,MS K-10,Davidson Bldg,Rm 1028, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dxs9@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.010 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000011 PM 15158110 ER PT J AU Jenkins, C McNary, S Carlson, BA King, MG Hossler, CL Magwood, G Zheng, DY Hendrix, K Beck, LS Linnen, F Thomas, V Powell, S Ma'at, I AF Jenkins, C McNary, S Carlson, BA King, MG Hossler, CL Magwood, G Zheng, DY Hendrix, K Beck, LS Linnen, F Thomas, V Powell, S Ma'at, I TI Reducing disparities for African Americans with diabetes: progress made by the REACH 2010 charleston and Georgetown diabetes coalition SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-HEALTH WORKERS; RE-AIM FRAMEWORK; INTERVENTIONS; MANAGEMENT; EDUCATION; SETTINGS AB Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH 2010) is a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstration program that responds to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' goal to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in health status by the year 2010. As part of REACH 2010, community projects were funded to develop, implement, and evaluate community action plans to improve health care and outcomes for racial and ethnic populations. This article describes the program and details the progress of the REACH 2010: Charleston and Georgetown Diabetes Coalition in reducing disparities in care. Approaches employed by the Coalition included community development, empowerment, and education related to diabetes; health systems change associated with access, care, and education; and coalition advocacy. Racial disparities were identified for 12,000 African Americans with diabetes in this urban/rural South Carolina community. After 24 months, significant differences that initially ranged from 11% to 28% in African Americans (when compared with whites/others) were not observed on 270 chart audits for A1C, lipid and kidney testing, eye examinations, and blood pressure control. Future efforts will focus on maintaining progress, eliminating other disparities, and identifying the contributions of each intervention in eliminating racial disparities. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Nursing, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Lib Sci & Informat, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. REACH 2010 Charlestown & Georgetown Diabet Coalit, Charleston, SC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Hlth Profess, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Franklin C Fetter Family Hlth Ctr Inc, Charleston, SC USA. Georgetown Cty Diabet CORE Grp, Georgetown, SC USA. Alpha Kappa Alpha Soror Inc, N Charleston, SC USA. Mt Nebbo AME Church, Awendaw, SC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, REACH 2010, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jenkins, C (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Nursing, 99 Jonathan Lucas Blvd,POB 250160, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM jenkinsc@musc.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU422184-01] NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.011 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000012 PM 15158111 ER PT J AU Vuori, I Lankenau, B Pratt, M AF Vuori, I Lankenau, B Pratt, M TI Physical activity policy and program development: The experience in Finland SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTIONS AB This article describes the development of sports and physical activity policies and programs in Finland during the past 30 years. The past two decades have been marked by a shift in emphasis from competitive and elite sports to health-enhancing physical activity for all, as seen most clearly in two successive sports acts and a government resolution. The new, increasingly multisectoral policies have led to substantial changes in the public funding of sports organizations, services, and construction of sports sites. Furthermore, three successive five-year national physical activity promotion programs have been launched. As a result, increased and new types of opportunities to participate in physical activity have become available, and the infrastructure and networks for provision of services have been strengthened. Until the mid 1990s, leisure time physical activity increased in Finland, but during the last seven to eight years, both leisure time and commuting physical activity have been stable. This finding may be an indication of the difficulty to increase physical activity in an industrialized country with already relatively high levels of physical activity even when systematic, long-term policies and measures are applied. C1 UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vuori, I (reprint author), Jenseninkatu 19, Tampere 33610, Finland. EM ilkka.vuori@uta.fi NR 54 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 331 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.012 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000013 PM 15158112 ER PT J AU Shephard, RJ Lankenau, B Pratt, M Neiman, A Puska, P Benaziza, H Bauman, A AF Shephard, RJ Lankenau, B Pratt, M Neiman, A Puska, P Benaziza, H Bauman, A TI Physical activity policy development: A Synopsis of the WHO/CDC Consultation, September 29 through October 21 2002, Atlanta, Georgia SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTIONS; HEALTH AB Physical activity is an important part of the World Health Organization's integrated approach to the prevention and control of noncommunicable disease and the promotion of health, and, in particular, to the evolving World Health Organization Global Strategy on Diet and Physical Activity. To assist in these efforts, a joint World Health Organization/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Consultation on Physical Activity Policy Development took place in Atlanta, Georgia, from September 29 through October 2, 2002. This article summarizes the context and outcomes of the consultation. It also includes elaboration of a Comprehensive Physical Activity Policy Framework developed as a product of the meeting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Phys Educ & Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Grad Dept Exercise Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. WHO, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Liverpool Hosp, Epidemiol Unit, Liverpool, NSW, Australia. RP Lankenau, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770Buford Hwy NE,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM blankenau@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.013 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000014 PM 15158113 ER PT J AU Lankenau, B Solari, A Pratt, M AF Lankenau, B Solari, A Pratt, M TI International physical activity policy development: A commentary SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; INACTIVITY; DISEASE; OBESITY; COSTS AB Scientific evidence demonstrates, in different degrees for developing and developed countries, that physical activity is associated with substantial health, economic, and societal benefits. However, for varying environmental, social, and individual reasons, people do not tend to engage in the levels of physical activity that would be beneficial to them. Environmental and policy interventions hold particular promise for promoting physical activity because both are designed to influence large groups. Recent multisectoral actions have increased the visibility of physical activity promotion and its synergism with other important community and national issues. Together, these efforts have created an unprecedented opportunity to advance the development of international physical activity policy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. RP Lankenau, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM blankenau@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 352 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000015 PM 15158114 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Bowman, BA Mensah, GA Ford, ES Smith, SM Marks, JS AF Mokdad, AH Giles, WH Bowman, BA Mensah, GA Ford, ES Smith, SM Marks, JS TI Changes in health behaviors among older Americans, 1990 to 2000 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AB Objectives. The authors used a large population-based survey to examine changes from 1990 to 2000 in age distribution by sex and race or ethnicity, to estimate both state-specific and national trends in the proportion of older Americans, and to examine changes in risk factors and quality-of-life indicators among those Americans. Methods. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional telephone survey of adults aged greater than or equal to18 years. BRFSS data were analyzed for the District of Columbia and all states that participated from 1990 to 2000. SAS and SUDAAN were used in the analyses to account for the complex sampling design. Results. The percentage of Americans aged greater than or equal to75 years increased 23.0% from 1990 to 2000, with the magnitude of the increase varying by state. In 2000, Florida had the highest percentage of persons aged greater than or equal to75 (10.27%) and Alaska the lowest (3.49%). Compared with 1990, older Americans in 2000 were more likely to be obese (116.3% vs. 13.5%) or diabetic (14.3% vs. 11.0%). Older Americans in 2000 were also more likely to exercise, consume more fruits and vegetables daily, and to have recently obtained a routine medical checkup. In addition, they were less likely to smoke tobacco or drink any alcohol. Conclusions. Increases in the population of older people will have a tremendous impact on health care in the states and will affect their future plans for serving the elderly. Although older Americans are living more healthfully than previously, there is an enormous need for targeted health promotion programs to prevent chronic diseases in this age group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ahm1@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 8 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 356 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.015 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 855FG UT WOS:000223958000016 PM 15158115 ER PT J AU Caraballo, RS Lee, CW AF Caraballo, RS Lee, CW TI Tobacco use among Mexicans and their descendents in the United States SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA Spanish English DT Article DE tobacco; smoking; Mexicans; Mexican-Americans; young adults; adults; males; females; United States of America ID ADOLESCENT SMOKING INITIATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PERSPECTIVE; PREVALENCE; SMOKERS; YOUTH AB Objective. To show the information obtained in U.S. surveys and studies on cigarette smoking or other tobacco use in Mexicans residing in the United States. Material and Methods. Different information systems and surveys were used. Those used in the study herein presented include the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 1991-2001, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 1999-2001, the National Health Interview Survey, 1978-2001, the Current Population Survey, 1998-1999, The National Health Vital Statistics, 1999, and the U.S. Census Bureau, 2001. Results. A decreased prevalence of cigarette smoking has been observed in the U.S. both in young persons and adults. A decreased prevalence among subjects reporting Mexican and Mexican-American (combined) ethnicity was also noted. Young adults and adults of Mexican or Mexican-American origin smoke cigarettes less frequently than non-Hispanic whites or American Indians. However, this lower rate among Mexicans and Mexican-Americans is due mainly to the lower use of cigarettes among Mexican-American and Mexican women (combined). Although these women have a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking than non-Hispanic white females, among Mexican-American and Mexican males (combined) cigarette smoking may be as common as in non-Hispanic white males. Moreover, those who identify themselves as Mexican-American have higher cigarette use than those who identify themselves as Mexicans. Finally, Mexican and Mexican-American women (combined) of a lower education level are more prone to smoking during pregnancy than females of the same group with a higher education level. Conclusions. This report shows differences by age, sex, self-definition of ethnicity (Mexican or Mexican-American), and education level, regarding smoking among Mexicans or persons with a Mexican background living in the United States. It is crucial to understand the demographic changes and trends and patterns among Mexicans and Mexican-Americans in the U.S. so as to design and implement smoking control programs that are efficient, culturally sensitive, and designed specifically for Mexicans and Mexican-Americans. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Caraballo, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfc8@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1590/S0036-36342004000300014 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 843GL UT WOS:000223066500013 PM 15368867 ER PT J AU Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Steece, R Stone, KM AF Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Steece, R Stone, KM TI Laboratory tests used in US public health laboratories for sexually transmitted diseases, 2000 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Background and Objectives: Public health laboratories are a critical component of sexually transmitted disease (STD) control in the United States. Goal: The goal of this study was to describe the types and volume of STD tests performed in U.S. public health laboratories in 2000. Study Design: A survey was mailed to 123 members of the Association of Public Health Laboratories. Results: Eighty-one percent of 100 laboratories responded. Overall, 3,294,739 chlamydia tests and 3,088,142 gonorrhea tests were done; 62.4% of chlamydia tests and 63.6% of gonorrhea tests were DNA probes. Fifty-six percent of laboratories performed rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests and 55% performed Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests; the number of RPR tests performed was twice that of VDRL tests. Few laboratories used new technologies for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. Eighteen percent of laboratories performed herpes simplex virus serology; however, most used inaccurate tests. No laboratories performed human papillomavirus tests. Conclusions: This survey documents for the first time STD tests performed in U.S. public health laboratories. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Informat Serv, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Assoc Publ Hlth Labs, Washington, DC USA. RP Mosure, DJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Informat Serv, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djm1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 31 IS 5 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000124609.84050.F3 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 815LT UT WOS:000221044500001 PM 15107626 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Gift, TL AF Rein, DB Gift, TL TI A refined estimate of the lifetime cost of pelvic inflammatory disease SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 RTI Int, Div Hlth Econ Res, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), RTI Int, Div Hlth Econ Res, 2951 Flowers Rd S,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM drein@rti.org NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 31 IS 5 BP 325 EP 325 DI 10.1097/00007435-200405000-00013 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 815LT UT WOS:000221044500013 PM 15107638 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG ter Kuile, FO Slutsker, L Otieno, JA Misore, AO Odondi, JO Rosen, DH Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL AF van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG ter Kuile, FO Slutsker, L Otieno, JA Misore, AO Odondi, JO Rosen, DH Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL TI Implementation of intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for control of malaria in pregnancy in Kisumu, western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; malaria; intermittent preventive treatment; sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; antenatal care; Kenya ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MALAWI; EFFICACY; CHLOROQUINE; MORBIDITY; INFECTION; BLANTYRE; AFRICA; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE In 1998, the Kenyan Ministry of Health introduced intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), one treatment dose in the second trimester (16-27 weeks) and one treatment dose between 28 and 34 weeks of gestational age, for the control of malaria in pregnancy. We evaluated the coverage and determinants of receipt of IPT after its introduction in the Provincial Hospital in Kisumu, western Kenya. METHODS Information on the use of IPT in pregnancy was collected from women who attended the antenatal clinic (ANC) and delivered in the same hospital. In exit interviews, we assessed patterns of IPT use in the ANC. RESULTS Of 1498 women who delivered between June 1999 and June 2000, 23.7%, 43.4% and 32.9% received greater than or equal to2, 1 or no dose of SP, respectively. Late first ANC attendance was the most important factor contributing to incomplete IPT; 45% of the women started attending ANC in the third trimester. More women received at least one tetanus toxoid immunization than at least one dose of IPT (94% vs. 67%, P < 0.05). In exit interviews, 74% correctly associated IPT with treatment of malaria; however, knowledge on the need for the second dose was poor. Three per cent of the administrations were given despite contraindications. The agreement between gestational age by date of last menstrual period and by palpation was low (κ = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Education of pregnant women and ANC staff to increase earlier attendance for ANC has the potential to substantially increase the proportion of women receiving two doses of IPT with SP. C1 CVBCR, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), CVBCR, Kenya Med Res Inst, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. EM avaneijk@kisian.mimcom.net; jayisi@kisian.mimcom.net; fat7@cdc.gov; lslutkser@kisian.mimcom.net; jotieno@kisian.mimcom.net; drosen@kisian.mimcom.net; p.a.kager@AMC.UVA.nl; ris1@cdc.gov; nahlenb@who.ch NR 16 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 BP 630 EP 637 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 822FV UT WOS:000221525100014 PM 15117309 ER PT J AU Vuylsteke, B Traore, M Mah-Bi, G Konan, Y Ghys, P Diarra, J Laga, M AF Vuylsteke, B Traore, M Mah-Bi, G Konan, Y Ghys, P Diarra, J Laga, M TI Quality of sexually transmitted infections services for female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted infections; female sex workers; quality of care; Africa ID STD SERVICES; HEALTH-CARE; INTERVENTION; MANAGEMENT; DISEASES AB OBJECTIVES To assess the quality of sexually transmitted infections (STI) care in health care facilities in Abidjan attended by female sex workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2000 in the 29 health care facilities and 10 pharmacies, which were reported as points of first encounter for STI care by female sex workers in a previous study on health seeking behaviour. Evaluation components included: (1) checklists of equipment and STI drugs in the facilities; (2) interviews with health care providers and pharmacists; (3) direct observation of the provider/client interaction; (4) exit interviews with women attending with STI or genital problems. RESULTS Private health care facilities were more expensive, had fewer clients, and had less equipment and medical staff than public facilities, with the exception of the special female sex worker clinic. A total of 60 health care providers and 29 pharmacists were interviewed. There was no difference in their scoring on syndromic approach case studies, with the exception of the nurse assistants, who scored less. Overall scores for correct treatment were lowest for the pharmacists. We observed 513 provider-client interactions, of which 161 related to STIs or genital problems in women. Questions about recent sexual contacts were asked in only 20% and preventive messages were given in only 9% of the cases with STI/genital problems. Of 161 clients interviewed, 44% complained about a long waiting time, and 39% thought the health care provider had adequately explained the problem to them. CONCLUSIONS The opportunity for improvement of STI case management in health care facilities in Abidjan where female sex workers go for STI care is enormous. Public and private health care facilities should be made more accessible for sex workers, and their services should be upgraded to better respond to the sexual health needs of high risk women. C1 Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Inst Natl Sante Publ, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vuylsteke, B (reprint author), 01 BP 1712, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. EM vuylstekeb@gapcdcci.org; mamiadjoua@hotmail.com; asapsu@afnet.net; gtzsida@africaonline.co.ci; ghysp@unaids.org; wahooas@fasonet.bf; mlaga@itg.be NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAY PY 2004 VL 9 IS 5 BP 638 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01235.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 822FV UT WOS:000221525100015 PM 15117310 ER PT J AU Atherly, A Williams, S Redd, S AF Atherly, A Williams, S Redd, S TI The effect of prescription drug coverage on the cost of care for Medicare beneficiaries with asthma SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 221 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)62071-2 PG 2 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 819ZW UT WOS:000221356600010 ER PT J AU Prosser, LA Uyeki, TM Bridges, CB Rego, VH Meltzer, M Schwartz, B Thompson, WW Fukuda, K Lieu, TA AF Prosser, LA Uyeki, TM Bridges, CB Rego, VH Meltzer, M Schwartz, B Thompson, WW Fukuda, K Lieu, TA TI An economic analysis of rapid tests and antiviral treatments for influenza in children SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)62074-8 PG 2 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 819ZW UT WOS:000221356600013 ER PT J AU Mendelsohn, AB Governale, LA AF Mendelsohn, AB Governale, LA TI The impact of the System to Manage Accutane-Related Teratogenicity (TM) (SMART (TM)) risk management program on isotretinoin prescribing trends SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 263 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)62198-5 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 819ZW UT WOS:000221356600137 ER PT J AU Nurmagambetov, T Atherly, A Williams, S Redd, S AF Nurmagambetov, T Atherly, A Williams, S Redd, S TI The effect of having a primary care provider on asthma health care expenditure and health care utilization SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 311 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)62349-2 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 819ZW UT WOS:000221356600288 ER PT J AU Bright, R Mermel, L Richards, C Yoder, D AF Bright, R Mermel, L Richards, C Yoder, D TI Mechanical and allergic adverse events related to central vascular catheters: Epidemiology in the Medicare hospitalized surgical population, 2002 SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Bright, Roselie/D-2240-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 331 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)62411-4 PG 2 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 819ZW UT WOS:000221356600350 ER PT J AU Billah, K Goldstein, S Bower, W Margolis, H AF Billah, K Goldstein, S Bower, W Margolis, H TI Inpatient costs of liver cirrhosis in the United States: A retrospective claims data analysis, 1993-2001 SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 347 EP 347 DI 10.1016/S1098-3015(10)62460-6 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 819ZW UT WOS:000221356600399 ER PT J AU Everett, S Jacobson, M Halldorson, S Savoini, D Supalla, B Goodykoontz, S Snider, C Anderson, S Mathison, B Wadell, W Denious, E Komatsu, K Vaz, V McRill, C England, B Cassiday, P Sanden, GN Srivastava, P Woodruff, R Bisgard, KM AF Everett, S Jacobson, M Halldorson, S Savoini, D Supalla, B Goodykoontz, S Snider, C Anderson, S Mathison, B Wadell, W Denious, E Komatsu, K Vaz, V McRill, C England, B Cassiday, P Sanden, GN Srivastava, P Woodruff, R Bisgard, KM CA CDC TI School-associated pertussis outbreak - Yavapai County, Arizona, September 2002-February 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 216-219, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; INFANTS C1 Yavapai Cty Hlth Dept, Prescott, AZ 86305 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Everett, S (reprint author), Yavapai Cty Hlth Dept, Prescott, AZ 86305 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 16 BP 1952 EP 1954 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 815SM UT WOS:000221062000011 ER PT J AU LeDell, K Naimi, T Fridkin, S Lynfield, R AF LeDell, K Naimi, T Fridkin, S Lynfield, R TI Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID NASAL CARRIAGE; ELIMINATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LeDell, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 16 BP 1961 EP 1961 DI 10.1001/jama.291.16.1961-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 815SM UT WOS:000221062000024 ER PT J AU Reissman, DB Whitney, EAS Taylor, TH Hayslett, JA Dull, PM Arias, I Ashford, DA Bresnitz, EA Tan, C Rosenstein, N Perkins, BA AF Reissman, DB Whitney, EAS Taylor, TH Hayslett, JA Dull, PM Arias, I Ashford, DA Bresnitz, EA Tan, C Rosenstein, N Perkins, BA TI One-year health assessment of adult survivors of Bacillus anthracis infection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SOMATIC SYMPTOMS; LYME-DISEASE; PREVALENCE AB Context Little is known about potential long-term health effects of bioterrorism-related Bacillus anthracis infection. Objective To describe the relationship between anthrax infection and persistent somatic symptoms among adults surviving bioterrorism-related anthrax disease approximately 1 year after illness onset in 2001. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study of 15 of 16 adult survivors from September through December 2002 using a clinical interview, a medical review-of-system questionnaire, 2 standardized self-administered questionnaires, and a review of available medical records. Main Outcome Measures Health complaints summarized by the body system affected and by symptom categories; psychological distress measured by the Revised 90-Item Symptom Checklist; and health-related quality-of-life indices by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (version 2). Results The anthrax survivors reported symptoms affecting multiple body systems, significantly greater overall psychological distress (P<.001), and significantly reduced health-related quality-of-life indices compared with US referent populations. Eight survivors (53%) had not returned to work since their infection. Comparing disease manifestations, inhalational survivors reported significantly lower overall physical health than cutaneous survivors (mean scores, 30 vs 41; P = .02). Available medical records could not explain the persisting health complaints. Conclusion The anthrax survivors continued to report significant health problems and poor life adjustment 1 year after onset of bioterrorism-related anthrax disease. C1 CDCP, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Biostat Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Reissman, DB (reprint author), CDCP, Off Director, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DReissman@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 16 BP 1994 EP 1998 DI 10.1001/jama.291.16.1994 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 815SM UT WOS:000221062000031 PM 15113818 ER PT J AU Nix, WA Berger, MM Oberste, MS Brooks, BR Mckenna-Yasek, DM Brown, RH Roos, RP Pallansch, MA AF Nix, WA Berger, MM Oberste, MS Brooks, BR Mckenna-Yasek, DM Brown, RH Roos, RP Pallansch, MA TI Failure to detect enterovirus in the spinal cord of ALS patients using a sensitive RT-PCR method SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; POLIOVIRUS; SEQUENCES; INFECTION; RNA; AMPLIFICATION AB Objective: To assess the association of enteroviruses (EV) with ALS by applying a sensitive seminested reverse transcription (RT) PCR protocol to the detection of enteroviral RNA in a blinded set of archived tissues from ALS and control cases. Methods: The specimen set consisted of 24 frozen spinal cord samples from ALS cases, 17 frozen spinal cord samples from negative control (non-ALS) cases, and 5 frozen spinal cord positive control samples. The positive controls were two human spinal cord samples spiked with poliovirus (PV) and three spinal cords from PV-infected transgenic mice. A sensitive, EV-specific, seminested RT-PCR assay was used to detect EV genome in RNA extracted from the specimens and controls. Results: The assay detected EV RNA in a 10(-5) dilution of infected mouse tissue. EV RNA was not detected in the ALS specimens or in specimens from control cases, despite the presence of amplifiable RNA as assessed by amplification with control primers, whereas all of the positive control specimens yielded the expected PV amplification product. Conclusion: The reported association between EV infection and ALS was not confirmed by testing this set of specimens with these sensitive methods. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Madison, WI USA. William S Middleton Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Serv Neurol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cecil B Day Lab Neuromuscular Res, Charlestown, MA USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Pallansch, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpallansch@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR03186]; NIA NIH HHS [AG12992]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS31248, NS37912, 5 PO1 NS21442-18] NR 34 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR 27 PY 2004 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1372 EP 1377 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 815UM UT WOS:000221067200021 PM 15111676 ER PT J AU Young, S Balluz, L Malilay, J AF Young, S Balluz, L Malilay, J TI Natural and technologic hazardous material releases during and after natural disasters: a review SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE chemicals; exposure; health effects; natural disasters; na-tech ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; RISK ASSESSMENT; EARTHQUAKE; LAKE; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; FLOOD; SOIL; NYOS AB Natural disasters may be powerful and prominent mechanisms of direct and indirect hazardous material (hazmat) releases. Hazardous materials that are released as the result of a technologic malfunction precipitated by a natural event are referred to as natural-technologic or na-tech events. Na-tech events pose unique environmental and human hazards. Disaster-associated hazardous material releases are of concern, given increases in population density and accelerating industrial development in areas subject to natural disasters. These trends increase the probability of catastrophic future disasters and the potential for mass human exposure to hazardous materials released during disasters. This systematic review summarizes direct and indirect disaster-associated releases, as well as environmental contamination and adverse human health effects that have resulted from natural disaster-related hazmat incidents. Thorough examination of historic disaster-related hazmat releases can be used to identify future threats and improve mitigation and prevention efforts. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Young, S (reprint author), 6 Execut Pk Dr,Bldg 5,Room 1036, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM say5@cdc.gov NR 100 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 25 PY 2004 VL 322 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00446-7 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817QA UT WOS:000221190800001 PM 15081734 ER PT J AU Pechacek, TF Babb, S AF Pechacek, TF Babb, S TI Commentary: How acute and reversible are the cardiovascular risks of secondhand smoke? SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PASSIVE SMOKING; FREE WORKPLACES; EXPOSURE; METAANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth K50, Secondhand Smoke Work Grp, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pechacek, TF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth K50, Secondhand Smoke Work Grp, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM TPechacek@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD APR 24 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 7446 BP 980 EP 983 DI 10.1136/bmj.328.7446.980 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 816SR UT WOS:000221130100012 PM 15105323 ER PT J AU Pullikotil, P Vincent, M Nichol, ST Seidah, NG AF Pullikotil, P Vincent, M Nichol, ST Seidah, NG TI Development of protein-based inhibitors of the proprotein of convertase SKI-1/S1P - Processing of SREBP-2, ATF6, and a viral glycoprotein SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ATF6; TIGHT-BINDING INHIBITORS; ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN PORTLAND; PROHORMONE CONVERTASES; SUBTILASE SKI-1/S1P; SECRETORY PATHWAY; POTENT INHIBITORS; LASSA-VIRUS AB Processing of membrane-bound transcription factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and the ER-stress response factor ATF6, and glycoproteins of some hemorrhagic fever viruses are initiated by the proprotein convertase SKI-1/S1P. So far, no cellular protein-based inhibitor of the hydrophobic-amino acid specific SKI-1 is known. The prosegment of the basic-amino acid specific convertases (e.g. furin and PC5) or alpha(1)-PDX, a variant of alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) exhibiting an RIPR358 sequence at the reactive site loop, were shown to potently inhibit these secretory proteinases. Accordingly, we tested the SKI-1-inhibitory potential of various point mutants of either the 198 amino acid preprosegment of SKI-1-(1-198) or alpha(1)-AT. Transient transfections data showed that, out of numerous mutants studied, the R134E prosegment mutant or the alpha(1)-AT reactive site loop variants RRVL358, RRYL358 and RRIL358 are the best specific cellular inhibitors of SKI-1. The observed inhibition of the processing of endogenous SREBP-2, exogenous ATF6 and a PDGF-A (RRLL86) variant were >55% and reach similar to80% in stable transfectants. We also show that SKI-1 forms SDS-stable complexes with these alpha(1)-AT variants, but not with wild-type alpha(1)-AT or alpha(1)-PDX. Finally, these inhibitors were also shown to affect the processing and stability of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein. C1 Clin Res Inst Montreal, Biochem Neuroendocrinol Lab, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seidah, NG (reprint author), Clin Res Inst Montreal, Biochem Neuroendocrinol Lab, 110 Pine Ave W, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. EM seidahn@ircm.qc.ca RI Seidah, Nabil/I-3596-2013 OI Seidah, Nabil/0000-0001-6503-9342 NR 66 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 17 BP 17338 EP 17347 DI 10.1074/jbc.M313764200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 812WU UT WOS:000220870400057 PM 14970232 ER EF